Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/motion.txt @ 33461:6448d7b2ce20 v9.0.1984
patch 9.0.1984: CI: Test_open_delay*() fails on FreeBSD 14
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/85ff0c1912f6d94ed94a6112517e96f64801ba56
Author: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
Date: Wed Oct 4 21:58:24 2023 +0200
patch 9.0.1984: CI: Test_open_delay*() fails on FreeBSD 14
Problem: CI: Test_open_delay*() fails on FreeBSD 14
Solution: Skip it on BSD
Signed-off-by: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
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date | Wed, 04 Oct 2023 22:15:03 +0200 |
parents | bec417c694fd |
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1 *motion.txt* For Vim version 9.0. Last change: 2023 Sep 28 |
7 | 2 |
3 | |
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
5 | |
6 | |
7 Cursor motions *cursor-motions* *navigation* | |
8 | |
9 These commands move the cursor position. If the new position is off of the | |
10 screen, the screen is scrolled to show the cursor (see also 'scrolljump' and | |
11 'scrolloff' options). | |
12 | |
13 1. Motions and operators |operator| | |
14 2. Left-right motions |left-right-motions| | |
15 3. Up-down motions |up-down-motions| | |
16 4. Word motions |word-motions| | |
17 5. Text object motions |object-motions| | |
18 6. Text object selection |object-select| | |
19 7. Marks |mark-motions| | |
20 8. Jumps |jump-motions| | |
21 9. Various motions |various-motions| | |
22 | |
23 General remarks: | |
24 | |
25 If you want to know where you are in the file use the "CTRL-G" command | |
26 |CTRL-G| or the "g CTRL-G" command |g_CTRL-G|. If you set the 'ruler' option, | |
27 the cursor position is continuously shown in the status line (which slows down | |
28 Vim a little). | |
29 | |
30 Experienced users prefer the hjkl keys because they are always right under | |
31 their fingers. Beginners often prefer the arrow keys, because they do not | |
32 know what the hjkl keys do. The mnemonic value of hjkl is clear from looking | |
33 at the keyboard. Think of j as an arrow pointing downwards. | |
34 | |
35 The 'virtualedit' option can be set to make it possible to move the cursor to | |
28379 | 36 positions where there is no character or within a multi-column character (like |
37 a tab). | |
7 | 38 |
39 ============================================================================== | |
40 1. Motions and operators *operator* | |
41 | |
42 The motion commands can be used after an operator command, to have the command | |
43 operate on the text that was moved over. That is the text between the cursor | |
44 position before and after the motion. Operators are generally used to delete | |
45 or change text. The following operators are available: | |
46 | |
47 |c| c change | |
48 |d| d delete | |
49 |y| y yank into register (does not change the text) | |
50 |~| ~ swap case (only if 'tildeop' is set) | |
51 |g~| g~ swap case | |
52 |gu| gu make lowercase | |
53 |gU| gU make uppercase | |
54 |!| ! filter through an external program | |
55 |=| = filter through 'equalprg' or C-indenting if empty | |
56 |gq| gq text formatting | |
16808 | 57 |gw| gw text formatting with no cursor movement |
7 | 58 |g?| g? ROT13 encoding |
59 |>| > shift right | |
60 |<| < shift left | |
61 |zf| zf define a fold | |
3713 | 62 |g@| g@ call function set with the 'operatorfunc' option |
24911 | 63 *motion-count-multiplied* |
7 | 64 If the motion includes a count and the operator also had a count before it, |
65 the two counts are multiplied. For example: "2d3w" deletes six words. | |
24911 | 66 *operator-doubled* |
67 When doubling the operator it operates on a line. When using a count, before | |
68 or after the first character, that many lines are operated upon. Thus `3dd` | |
69 deletes three lines. A count before and after the first character is | |
70 multiplied, thus `2y3y` yanks six lines. | |
7 | 71 |
72 After applying the operator the cursor is mostly left at the start of the text | |
73 that was operated upon. For example, "yfe" doesn't move the cursor, but "yFe" | |
74 moves the cursor leftwards to the "e" where the yank started. | |
75 | |
76 *linewise* *characterwise* | |
77 The operator either affects whole lines, or the characters between the start | |
78 and end position. Generally, motions that move between lines affect lines | |
79 (are linewise), and motions that move within a line affect characters (are | |
80 characterwise). However, there are some exceptions. | |
81 | |
82 *exclusive* *inclusive* | |
456 | 83 A character motion is either inclusive or exclusive. When inclusive, the |
84 start and end position of the motion are included in the operation. When | |
85 exclusive, the last character towards the end of the buffer is not included. | |
86 Linewise motions always include the start and end position. | |
7 | 87 |
456 | 88 Which motions are linewise, inclusive or exclusive is mentioned with the |
89 command. There are however, two general exceptions: | |
7 | 90 1. If the motion is exclusive and the end of the motion is in column 1, the |
91 end of the motion is moved to the end of the previous line and the motion | |
92 becomes inclusive. Example: "}" moves to the first line after a paragraph, | |
93 but "d}" will not include that line. | |
20 | 94 *exclusive-linewise* |
7 | 95 2. If the motion is exclusive, the end of the motion is in column 1 and the |
96 start of the motion was at or before the first non-blank in the line, the | |
97 motion becomes linewise. Example: If a paragraph begins with some blanks | |
98 and you do "d}" while standing on the first non-blank, all the lines of | |
99 the paragraph are deleted, including the blanks. If you do a put now, the | |
100 deleted lines will be inserted below the cursor position. | |
101 | |
102 Note that when the operator is pending (the operator command is typed, but the | |
103 motion isn't yet), a special set of mappings can be used. See |:omap|. | |
104 | |
105 Instead of first giving the operator and then a motion you can use Visual | |
106 mode: mark the start of the text with "v", move the cursor to the end of the | |
107 text that is to be affected and then hit the operator. The text between the | |
108 start and the cursor position is highlighted, so you can see what text will | |
109 be operated upon. This allows much more freedom, but requires more key | |
110 strokes and has limited redo functionality. See the chapter on Visual mode | |
111 |Visual-mode|. | |
112 | |
113 You can use a ":" command for a motion. For example "d:call FindEnd()". | |
4229 | 114 But this can't be repeated with "." if the command is more than one line. |
7 | 115 This can be repeated: > |
116 d:call search("f")<CR> | |
117 This cannot be repeated: > | |
118 d:if 1<CR> | |
119 call search("f")<CR> | |
120 endif<CR> | |
4229 | 121 Note that when using ":" any motion becomes characterwise exclusive. |
7 | 122 |
15281 | 123 *forced-motion* |
7 | 124 FORCING A MOTION TO BE LINEWISE, CHARACTERWISE OR BLOCKWISE |
125 | |
126 When a motion is not of the type you would like to use, you can force another | |
127 type by using "v", "V" or CTRL-V just after the operator. | |
128 Example: > | |
129 dj | |
130 deletes two lines > | |
131 dvj | |
132 deletes from the cursor position until the character below the cursor > | |
133 d<C-V>j | |
134 deletes the character under the cursor and the character below the cursor. > | |
135 | |
136 Be careful with forcing a linewise movement to be used characterwise or | |
137 blockwise, the column may not always be defined. | |
138 | |
139 *o_v* | |
140 v When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
141 the operator to work characterwise, also when the motion is | |
142 linewise. If the motion was linewise, it will become | |
143 |exclusive|. | |
144 If the motion already was characterwise, toggle | |
145 inclusive/exclusive. This can be used to make an exclusive | |
146 motion inclusive and an inclusive motion exclusive. | |
147 | |
148 *o_V* | |
149 V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
150 the operator to work linewise, also when the motion is | |
151 characterwise. | |
152 | |
153 *o_CTRL-V* | |
154 CTRL-V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
155 the operator to work blockwise. This works like Visual block | |
156 mode selection, with the corners defined by the cursor | |
157 position before and after the motion. | |
158 | |
159 ============================================================================== | |
160 2. Left-right motions *left-right-motions* | |
161 | |
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162 These commands move the cursor to the specified column in the current line. |
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163 They stop at the first column and at the end of the line, except "$", which |
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164 may move to one of the next lines. See 'whichwrap' option to make some of the |
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165 commands move across line boundaries. |
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166 |
7 | 167 h or *h* |
168 <Left> or *<Left>* | |
169 CTRL-H or *CTRL-H* *<BS>* | |
170 <BS> [count] characters to the left. |exclusive| motion. | |
171 Note: If you prefer <BS> to delete a character, use | |
172 the mapping: | |
173 :map CTRL-V<BS> X | |
174 (to enter "CTRL-V<BS>" type the CTRL-V key, followed | |
175 by the <BS> key) | |
176 See |:fixdel| if the <BS> key does not do what you | |
177 want. | |
178 | |
179 l or *l* | |
180 <Right> or *<Right>* *<Space>* | |
181 <Space> [count] characters to the right. |exclusive| motion. | |
6823 | 182 See the 'whichwrap' option for adjusting the behavior |
183 at end of line | |
7 | 184 |
185 *0* | |
186 0 To the first character of the line. |exclusive| | |
1121 | 187 motion. |
7 | 188 |
189 *<Home>* *<kHome>* | |
190 <Home> To the first character of the line. |exclusive| | |
1121 | 191 motion. When moving up or down next, stay in same |
192 TEXT column (if possible). Most other commands stay | |
193 in the same SCREEN column. <Home> works like "1|", | |
194 which differs from "0" when the line starts with a | |
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195 <Tab>. |
7 | 196 |
197 *^* | |
198 ^ To the first non-blank character of the line. | |
22723 | 199 |exclusive| motion. Any count is ignored. |
7 | 200 |
201 *$* *<End>* *<kEnd>* | |
202 $ or <End> To the end of the line. When a count is given also go | |
22723 | 203 [count - 1] lines downward, or as far is possible. |
25056 | 204 |inclusive| motion. If a count of 2 or larger is |
22723 | 205 given and the cursor is on the last line, that is an |
25056 | 206 error and the cursor doesn't move. |
7 | 207 In Visual mode the cursor goes to just after the last |
208 character in the line. | |
209 When 'virtualedit' is active, "$" may move the cursor | |
210 back from past the end of the line to the last | |
211 character in the line. | |
212 | |
213 *g_* | |
214 g_ To the last non-blank character of the line and | |
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215 [count - 1] lines downward |inclusive|. |
7 | 216 |
217 *g0* *g<Home>* | |
218 g0 or g<Home> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first character of | |
219 the screen line. |exclusive| motion. Differs from | |
220 "0" when a line is wider than the screen. | |
221 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost | |
222 character of the current line that is on the screen. | |
223 Differs from "0" when the first character of the line | |
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224 is not on the screen. |
7 | 225 |
226 *g^* | |
227 g^ When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first non-blank | |
228 character of the screen line. |exclusive| motion. | |
229 Differs from "^" when a line is wider than the screen. | |
230 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost | |
231 non-blank character of the current line that is on the | |
232 screen. Differs from "^" when the first non-blank | |
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233 character of the line is not on the screen. |
7 | 234 |
235 *gm* | |
236 gm Like "g0", but half a screenwidth to the right (or as | |
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237 much as possible). |
7 | 238 |
18489 | 239 *gM* |
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240 gM Like "g0", but to halfway the text of the line. |
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241 With a count: to this percentage of text in the line. |
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242 Thus "10gM" is near the start of the text and "90gM" |
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243 is near the end of the text. |
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244 |
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245 *g$* |
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246 g$ When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the last character of |
7 | 247 the screen line and [count - 1] screen lines downward |
248 |inclusive|. Differs from "$" when a line is wider | |
249 than the screen. | |
250 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the rightmost | |
251 character of the current line that is visible on the | |
252 screen. Differs from "$" when the last character of | |
253 the line is not on the screen or when a count is used. | |
254 Additionally, vertical movements keep the column, | |
255 instead of going to the end of the line. | |
5220 | 256 When 'virtualedit' is enabled moves to the end of the |
257 screen line. | |
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258 |
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259 *g<End>* *g<kEnd>* |
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260 g<End> Like |g$| but to the last non-blank character |
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261 instead of the last character. |
7 | 262 |
263 *bar* | |
264 | To screen column [count] in the current line. | |
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265 |exclusive| motion. Ceci n'est pas une pipe. |
7 | 266 |
267 *f* | |
268 f{char} To [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the right. The | |
269 cursor is placed on {char} |inclusive|. | |
270 {char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|. | |
271 When 'encoding' is set to Unicode, composing | |
272 characters may be used, see |utf-8-char-arg|. | |
273 |:lmap| mappings apply to {char}. The CTRL-^ command | |
274 in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off | |
275 |i_CTRL-^|. | |
276 | |
277 *F* | |
278 F{char} To the [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the left. | |
456 | 279 The cursor is placed on {char} |exclusive|. |
7 | 280 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. |
281 | |
282 *t* | |
283 t{char} Till before [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the | |
284 right. The cursor is placed on the character left of | |
285 {char} |inclusive|. | |
286 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. | |
287 | |
288 *T* | |
289 T{char} Till after [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the | |
290 left. The cursor is placed on the character right of | |
456 | 291 {char} |exclusive|. |
7 | 292 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. |
293 | |
294 *;* | |
2925 | 295 ; Repeat latest f, t, F or T [count] times. See |cpo-;| |
7 | 296 |
297 *,* | |
298 , Repeat latest f, t, F or T in opposite direction | |
2925 | 299 [count] times. See also |cpo-;| |
7 | 300 |
301 ============================================================================== | |
302 3. Up-down motions *up-down-motions* | |
303 | |
304 k or *k* | |
305 <Up> or *<Up>* *CTRL-P* | |
306 CTRL-P [count] lines upward |linewise|. | |
307 | |
308 j or *j* | |
309 <Down> or *<Down>* | |
310 CTRL-J or *CTRL-J* | |
311 <NL> or *<NL>* *CTRL-N* | |
312 CTRL-N [count] lines downward |linewise|. | |
313 | |
314 gk or *gk* *g<Up>* | |
315 g<Up> [count] display lines upward. |exclusive| motion. | |
316 Differs from 'k' when lines wrap, and when used with | |
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317 an operator, because it's not linewise. |
7 | 318 |
319 gj or *gj* *g<Down>* | |
320 g<Down> [count] display lines downward. |exclusive| motion. | |
321 Differs from 'j' when lines wrap, and when used with | |
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322 an operator, because it's not linewise. |
7 | 323 |
324 *-* | |
325 - <minus> [count] lines upward, on the first non-blank | |
326 character |linewise|. | |
327 | |
328 + or *+* | |
329 CTRL-M or *CTRL-M* *<CR>* | |
330 <CR> [count] lines downward, on the first non-blank | |
331 character |linewise|. | |
332 | |
333 *_* | |
334 _ <underscore> [count] - 1 lines downward, on the first non-blank | |
335 character |linewise|. | |
336 | |
337 *G* | |
338 G Goto line [count], default last line, on the first | |
339 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not | |
340 set, keep the same column. | |
16023 | 341 G is one of the |jump-motions|. |
7 | 342 |
343 *<C-End>* | |
344 <C-End> Goto line [count], default last line, on the last | |
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345 character |inclusive|. |
7 | 346 |
347 <C-Home> or *gg* *<C-Home>* | |
348 gg Goto line [count], default first line, on the first | |
349 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not | |
350 set, keep the same column. | |
351 | |
3750 | 352 *:[range]* |
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353 :[range] Set the cursor on the last line number in [range]. |
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354 [range] can also be just one line number, e.g., ":1" |
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355 or ":'m". |
2152 | 356 In contrast with |G| this command does not modify the |
357 |jumplist|. | |
7 | 358 *N%* |
359 {count}% Go to {count} percentage in the file, on the first | |
360 non-blank in the line |linewise|. To compute the new | |
361 line number this formula is used: | |
362 ({count} * number-of-lines + 99) / 100 | |
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363 See also 'startofline' option. |
7 | 364 |
365 :[range]go[to] [count] *:go* *:goto* *go* | |
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366 [count]go Go to [count] byte in the buffer. Default [count] is |
7 | 367 one, start of the file. When giving [range], the |
368 last number in it used as the byte count. End-of-line | |
369 characters are counted depending on the current | |
370 'fileformat' setting. | |
2908 | 371 Also see the |line2byte()| function, and the 'o' |
372 option in 'statusline'. | |
7 | 373 {not available when compiled without the |
374 |+byte_offset| feature} | |
375 | |
376 These commands move to the specified line. They stop when reaching the first | |
377 or the last line. The first two commands put the cursor in the same column | |
378 (if possible) as it was after the last command that changed the column, | |
379 except after the "$" command, then the cursor will be put on the last | |
380 character of the line. | |
381 | |
161 | 382 If "k", "-" or CTRL-P is used with a [count] and there are less than [count] |
383 lines above the cursor and the 'cpo' option includes the "-" flag it is an | |
384 error. |cpo--|. | |
385 | |
7 | 386 ============================================================================== |
387 4. Word motions *word-motions* | |
388 | |
389 <S-Right> or *<S-Right>* *w* | |
390 w [count] words forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
391 | |
392 <C-Right> or *<C-Right>* *W* | |
393 W [count] WORDS forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
26438 | 394 If <C-Right> does not work, check out |
395 |arrow_modifiers|. | |
7 | 396 |
397 *e* | |
398 e Forward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|. | |
1621 | 399 Does not stop in an empty line. |
7 | 400 |
401 *E* | |
402 E Forward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|. | |
1621 | 403 Does not stop in an empty line. |
7 | 404 |
405 <S-Left> or *<S-Left>* *b* | |
406 b [count] words backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
407 | |
408 <C-Left> or *<C-Left>* *B* | |
409 B [count] WORDS backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
26438 | 410 If <C-Left> does not work, check out |
411 |arrow_modifiers|. | |
7 | 412 |
413 *ge* | |
414 ge Backward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|. | |
415 | |
416 *gE* | |
417 gE Backward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|. | |
418 | |
419 These commands move over words or WORDS. | |
420 *word* | |
421 A word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores, or a | |
422 sequence of other non-blank characters, separated with white space (spaces, | |
625 | 423 tabs, <EOL>). This can be changed with the 'iskeyword' option. An empty line |
424 is also considered to be a word. | |
7 | 425 *WORD* |
426 A WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white | |
625 | 427 space. An empty line is also considered to be a WORD. |
7 | 428 |
429 A sequence of folded lines is counted for one word of a single character. | |
430 "w" and "W", "e" and "E" move to the start/end of the first word or WORD after | |
431 a range of folded lines. "b" and "B" move to the start of the first word or | |
432 WORD before the fold. | |
433 | |
434 Special case: "cw" and "cW" are treated like "ce" and "cE" if the cursor is | |
435 on a non-blank. This is because "cw" is interpreted as change-word, and a | |
16610 | 436 word does not include the following white space. |
7 | 437 |
438 Another special case: When using the "w" motion in combination with an | |
439 operator and the last word moved over is at the end of a line, the end of | |
440 that word becomes the end of the operated text, not the first word in the | |
441 next line. | |
442 | |
443 The original Vi implementation of "e" is buggy. For example, the "e" command | |
444 will stop on the first character of a line if the previous line was empty. | |
445 But when you use "2e" this does not happen. In Vim "ee" and "2e" are the | |
446 same, which is more logical. However, this causes a small incompatibility | |
447 between Vi and Vim. | |
448 | |
449 ============================================================================== | |
450 5. Text object motions *object-motions* | |
451 | |
452 *(* | |
28379 | 453 ( [count] |sentence|s backward. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 454 |
455 *)* | |
28379 | 456 ) [count] |sentence|s forward. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 457 |
458 *{* | |
28379 | 459 { [count] |paragraph|s backward. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 460 |
461 *}* | |
28379 | 462 } [count] |paragraph|s forward. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 463 |
464 *]]* | |
28379 | 465 ]] [count] |section|s forward or to the next '{' in the |
20 | 466 first column. When used after an operator, then also |
467 stops below a '}' in the first column. |exclusive| | |
468 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 469 |
470 *][* | |
28379 | 471 ][ [count] |section|s forward or to the next '}' in the |
20 | 472 first column. |exclusive| |
473 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 474 |
475 *[[* | |
28379 | 476 [[ [count] |section|s backward or to the previous '{' in |
20 | 477 the first column. |exclusive| |
478 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 479 |
480 *[]* | |
28379 | 481 [] [count] |section|s backward or to the previous '}' in |
20 | 482 the first column. |exclusive| |
483 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 484 |
485 These commands move over three kinds of text objects. | |
486 | |
487 *sentence* | |
488 A sentence is defined as ending at a '.', '!' or '?' followed by either the | |
489 end of a line, or by a space or tab. Any number of closing ')', ']', '"' | |
490 and ''' characters may appear after the '.', '!' or '?' before the spaces, | |
491 tabs or end of line. A paragraph and section boundary is also a sentence | |
492 boundary. | |
493 If the 'J' flag is present in 'cpoptions', at least two spaces have to | |
494 follow the punctuation mark; <Tab>s are not recognized as white space. | |
495 The definition of a sentence cannot be changed. | |
496 | |
497 *paragraph* | |
498 A paragraph begins after each empty line, and also at each of a set of | |
499 paragraph macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the 'paragraphs' | |
1621 | 500 option. The default is "IPLPPPQPP TPHPLIPpLpItpplpipbp", which corresponds to |
501 the macros ".IP", ".LP", etc. (These are nroff macros, so the dot must be in | |
502 the first column). A section boundary is also a paragraph boundary. | |
164 | 503 Note that a blank line (only containing white space) is NOT a paragraph |
504 boundary. | |
505 Also note that this does not include a '{' or '}' in the first column. When | |
506 the '{' flag is in 'cpoptions' then '{' in the first column is used as a | |
507 paragraph boundary |posix|. | |
7 | 508 |
509 *section* | |
510 A section begins after a form-feed (<C-L>) in the first column and at each of | |
511 a set of section macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the | |
512 'sections' option. The default is "SHNHH HUnhsh", which defines a section to | |
513 start at the nroff macros ".SH", ".NH", ".H", ".HU", ".nh" and ".sh". | |
514 | |
21991 | 515 The "]]" and "[[" commands stop at the '{' in the first column. This is |
516 useful to find the start of a function in a C program. To search for a '}' in | |
517 the first column, the end of a C function, use "][" (forward) or "[]" | |
518 (backward). Note that the first character of the command determines the | |
519 search direction. | |
7 | 520 |
521 If your '{' or '}' are not in the first column, and you would like to use "[[" | |
522 and "]]" anyway, try these mappings: > | |
523 :map [[ ?{<CR>w99[{ | |
524 :map ][ /}<CR>b99]} | |
525 :map ]] j0[[%/{<CR> | |
526 :map [] k$][%?}<CR> | |
527 [type these literally, see |<>|] | |
528 | |
529 ============================================================================== | |
530 6. Text object selection *object-select* *text-objects* | |
531 *v_a* *v_i* | |
532 | |
533 This is a series of commands that can only be used while in Visual mode or | |
534 after an operator. The commands that start with "a" select "a"n object | |
535 including white space, the commands starting with "i" select an "inner" object | |
536 without white space, or just the white space. Thus the "inner" commands | |
537 always select less text than the "a" commands. | |
538 | |
3713 | 539 Also see `gn` and `gN`, operating on the last search pattern. |
540 | |
7 | 541 *v_aw* *aw* |
542 aw "a word", select [count] words (see |word|). | |
543 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not | |
544 counted. | |
545 When used in Visual linewise mode "aw" switches to | |
546 Visual characterwise mode. | |
547 | |
548 *v_iw* *iw* | |
549 iw "inner word", select [count] words (see |word|). | |
550 White space between words is counted too. | |
551 When used in Visual linewise mode "iw" switches to | |
552 Visual characterwise mode. | |
553 | |
554 *v_aW* *aW* | |
555 aW "a WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|). | |
556 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not | |
557 counted. | |
558 When used in Visual linewise mode "aW" switches to | |
559 Visual characterwise mode. | |
560 | |
561 *v_iW* *iW* | |
562 iW "inner WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|). | |
563 White space between words is counted too. | |
564 When used in Visual linewise mode "iW" switches to | |
565 Visual characterwise mode. | |
566 | |
567 *v_as* *as* | |
568 as "a sentence", select [count] sentences (see | |
569 |sentence|). | |
570 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
571 | |
572 *v_is* *is* | |
573 is "inner sentence", select [count] sentences (see | |
574 |sentence|). | |
575 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
576 | |
577 *v_ap* *ap* | |
578 ap "a paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see | |
579 |paragraph|). | |
580 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space) | |
581 is also a paragraph boundary. | |
582 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise. | |
583 | |
584 *v_ip* *ip* | |
585 ip "inner paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see | |
586 |paragraph|). | |
587 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space) | |
588 is also a paragraph boundary. | |
589 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise. | |
590 | |
591 a] *v_a]* *v_a[* *a]* *a[* | |
592 a[ "a [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This | |
593 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds | |
594 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected, | |
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595 including the '[' and ']'. The |cpo-M| option flag |
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596 is used to handle escaped brackets. |
7 | 597 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
598 | |
599 i] *v_i]* *v_i[* *i]* *i[* | |
600 i[ "inner [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This | |
601 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds | |
602 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected, | |
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603 excluding the '[' and ']'. The |cpo-M| option flag |
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604 is used to handle escaped brackets. |
7 | 605 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
606 | |
607 a) *v_a)* *a)* *a(* | |
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608 a( *vab* *v_ab* *v_a(* *ab* |
7 | 609 ab "a block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" to |
610 the matching ')', including the '(' and ')' (see | |
611 |[(|). Does not include white space outside of the | |
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612 parenthesis. The |cpo-M| option flag is used to |
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613 handle escaped parenthesis. |
7 | 614 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
615 | |
616 i) *v_i)* *i)* *i(* | |
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617 i( *vib* *v_ib* *v_i(* *ib* |
7 | 618 ib "inner block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" |
619 to the matching ')', excluding the '(' and ')' (see | |
29756 | 620 |[(|). If the cursor is not inside a () block, then |
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621 find the next "(". The |cpo-M| option flag |
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622 is used to handle escaped parenthesis. |
7 | 623 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
624 | |
625 a> *v_a>* *v_a<* *a>* *a<* | |
626 a< "a <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from the | |
627 [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching | |
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628 '>', including the '<' and '>'. The |cpo-M| option flag |
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629 is used to handle escaped '<' and '>'. |
7 | 630 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
631 | |
632 i> *v_i>* *v_i<* *i>* *i<* | |
633 i< "inner <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from | |
634 the [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching | |
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635 '>', excluding the '<' and '>'. The |cpo-M| option flag |
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636 is used to handle escaped '<' and '>'. |
7 | 637 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
638 | |
422 | 639 *v_at* *at* |
640 at "a tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the | |
641 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching | |
642 "</aaa>", including the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>". | |
643 See |tag-blocks| about the details. | |
644 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
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645 Only available when compiled with the |+eval| feature. |
422 | 646 |
647 *v_it* *it* | |
648 it "inner tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the | |
649 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching | |
650 "</aaa>", excluding the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>". | |
651 See |tag-blocks| about the details. | |
652 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
653 | |
7 | 654 a} *v_a}* *a}* *a{* |
655 a{ *v_aB* *v_a{* *aB* | |
656 aB "a Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" to | |
657 the matching '}', including the '{' and '}' (see | |
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658 |[{|). The |cpo-M| option flag is used to handle |
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659 escaped braces. |
7 | 660 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
661 | |
662 i} *v_i}* *i}* *i{* | |
663 i{ *v_iB* *v_i{* *iB* | |
664 iB "inner Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" | |
665 to the matching '}', excluding the '{' and '}' (see | |
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666 |[{|). The |cpo-M| option flag is used to handle |
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667 escaped braces. |
7 | 668 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
669 | |
12 | 670 a" *v_aquote* *aquote* |
671 a' *v_a'* *a'* | |
672 a` *v_a`* *a`* | |
673 "a quoted string". Selects the text from the previous | |
849 | 674 quote until the next quote. The 'quoteescape' option |
675 is used to skip escaped quotes. | |
676 Only works within one line. | |
12 | 677 When the cursor starts on a quote, Vim will figure out |
678 which quote pairs form a string by searching from the | |
679 start of the line. | |
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680 Any trailing white space is included, unless there is |
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681 none, then leading white space is included. |
12 | 682 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
683 Repeating this object in Visual mode another string is | |
684 included. A count is currently not used. | |
685 | |
686 i" *v_iquote* *iquote* | |
687 i' *v_i'* *i'* | |
688 i` *v_i`* *i`* | |
689 Like a", a' and a`, but exclude the quotes and | |
690 repeating won't extend the Visual selection. | |
527 | 691 Special case: With a count of 2 the quotes are |
692 included, but no extra white space as with a"/a'/a`. | |
12 | 693 |
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694 *o_object-select* |
7 | 695 When used after an operator: |
696 For non-block objects: | |
697 For the "a" commands: The operator applies to the object and the white | |
698 space after the object. If there is no white space after the object | |
699 or when the cursor was in the white space before the object, the white | |
700 space before the object is included. | |
701 For the "inner" commands: If the cursor was on the object, the | |
702 operator applies to the object. If the cursor was on white space, the | |
703 operator applies to the white space. | |
704 For a block object: | |
705 The operator applies to the block where the cursor is in, or the block | |
706 on which the cursor is on one of the braces. For the "inner" commands | |
707 the surrounding braces are excluded. For the "a" commands, the braces | |
708 are included. | |
709 | |
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710 *v_object-select* |
7 | 711 When used in Visual mode: |
712 When start and end of the Visual area are the same (just after typing "v"): | |
713 One object is selected, the same as for using an operator. | |
714 When start and end of the Visual area are not the same: | |
715 For non-block objects the area is extended by one object or the white | |
716 space up to the next object, or both for the "a" objects. The | |
717 direction in which this happens depends on which side of the Visual | |
718 area the cursor is. For the block objects the block is extended one | |
719 level outwards. | |
720 | |
721 For illustration, here is a list of delete commands, grouped from small to big | |
722 objects. Note that for a single character and a whole line the existing vi | |
723 movement commands are used. | |
724 "dl" delete character (alias: "x") |dl| | |
725 "diw" delete inner word *diw* | |
726 "daw" delete a word *daw* | |
727 "diW" delete inner WORD (see |WORD|) *diW* | |
728 "daW" delete a WORD (see |WORD|) *daW* | |
3713 | 729 "dgn" delete the next search pattern match *dgn* |
7 | 730 "dd" delete one line |dd| |
731 "dis" delete inner sentence *dis* | |
732 "das" delete a sentence *das* | |
733 "dib" delete inner '(' ')' block *dib* | |
734 "dab" delete a '(' ')' block *dab* | |
735 "dip" delete inner paragraph *dip* | |
736 "dap" delete a paragraph *dap* | |
737 "diB" delete inner '{' '}' block *diB* | |
738 "daB" delete a '{' '}' block *daB* | |
739 | |
740 Note the difference between using a movement command and an object. The | |
741 movement command operates from here (cursor position) to where the movement | |
742 takes us. When using an object the whole object is operated upon, no matter | |
743 where on the object the cursor is. For example, compare "dw" and "daw": "dw" | |
744 deletes from the cursor position to the start of the next word, "daw" deletes | |
745 the word under the cursor and the space after or before it. | |
746 | |
422 | 747 |
748 Tag blocks *tag-blocks* | |
749 | |
750 For the "it" and "at" text objects an attempt is done to select blocks between | |
751 matching tags for HTML and XML. But since these are not completely compatible | |
752 there are a few restrictions. | |
753 | |
754 The normal method is to select a <tag> until the matching </tag>. For "at" | |
755 the tags are included, for "it" they are excluded. But when "it" is repeated | |
853 | 756 the tags will be included (otherwise nothing would change). Also, "it" used |
757 on a tag block with no contents will select the leading tag. | |
422 | 758 |
759 "<aaa/>" items are skipped. Case is ignored, also for XML where case does | |
760 matter. | |
761 | |
762 In HTML it is possible to have a tag like <br> or <meta ...> without a | |
763 matching end tag. These are ignored. | |
764 | |
765 The text objects are tolerant about mistakes. Stray end tags are ignored. | |
766 | |
7 | 767 ============================================================================== |
768 7. Marks *mark-motions* *E20* *E78* | |
769 | |
770 Jumping to a mark can be done in two ways: | |
771 1. With ` (backtick): The cursor is positioned at the specified location | |
772 and the motion is |exclusive|. | |
773 2. With ' (single quote): The cursor is positioned on the first non-blank | |
774 character in the line of the specified location and | |
775 the motion is linewise. | |
776 | |
777 *m* *mark* *Mark* | |
778 m{a-zA-Z} Set mark {a-zA-Z} at cursor position (does not move | |
779 the cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
780 | |
781 *m'* *m`* | |
782 m' or m` Set the previous context mark. This can be jumped to | |
783 with the "''" or "``" command (does not move the | |
784 cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
785 | |
786 *m[* *m]* | |
787 m[ or m] Set the |'[| or |']| mark. Useful when an operator is | |
788 to be simulated by multiple commands. (does not move | |
789 the cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
790 | |
3682 | 791 *m<* *m>* |
792 m< or m> Set the |'<| or |'>| mark. Useful to change what the | |
793 `gv` command selects. (does not move the cursor, this | |
794 is not a motion command). | |
795 Note that the Visual mode cannot be set, only the | |
796 start and end position. | |
797 | |
7 | 798 *:ma* *:mark* *E191* |
9 | 799 :[range]ma[rk] {a-zA-Z'} |
800 Set mark {a-zA-Z'} at last line number in [range], | |
7 | 801 column 0. Default is cursor line. |
802 | |
803 *:k* | |
9 | 804 :[range]k{a-zA-Z'} Same as :mark, but the space before the mark name can |
7 | 805 be omitted. |
26779 | 806 This command is not supported in |Vim9| script, |
807 because it is too easily confused with a variable | |
808 name. | |
7 | 809 |
810 *'* *'a* *`* *`a* | |
1121 | 811 '{a-z} `{a-z} Jump to the mark {a-z} in the current buffer. |
7 | 812 |
813 *'A* *'0* *`A* *`0* | |
1121 | 814 '{A-Z0-9} `{A-Z0-9} To the mark {A-Z0-9} in the file where it was set (not |
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815 a motion command when in another file). |
7 | 816 |
817 *g'* *g'a* *g`* *g`a* | |
818 g'{mark} g`{mark} | |
819 Jump to the {mark}, but don't change the jumplist when | |
820 jumping within the current buffer. Example: > | |
821 g`" | |
822 < jumps to the last known position in a file. See | |
9 | 823 $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim. |
824 Also see |:keepjumps|. | |
7 | 825 |
826 *:marks* | |
827 :marks List all the current marks (not a motion command). | |
828 The |'(|, |')|, |'{| and |'}| marks are not listed. | |
843 | 829 The first column has number zero. |
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830 |
7 | 831 *E283* |
832 :marks {arg} List the marks that are mentioned in {arg} (not a | |
833 motion command). For example: > | |
834 :marks aB | |
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835 < to list marks 'a' and 'B'. |
7 | 836 |
24 | 837 *:delm* *:delmarks* |
856 | 838 :delm[arks] {marks} Delete the specified marks. Marks that can be deleted |
24 | 839 include A-Z and 0-9. You cannot delete the ' mark. |
840 They can be specified by giving the list of mark | |
841 names, or with a range, separated with a dash. Spaces | |
842 are ignored. Examples: > | |
843 :delmarks a deletes mark a | |
844 :delmarks a b 1 deletes marks a, b and 1 | |
845 :delmarks Aa deletes marks A and a | |
846 :delmarks p-z deletes marks in the range p to z | |
847 :delmarks ^.[] deletes marks ^ . [ ] | |
848 :delmarks \" deletes mark " | |
849 | |
850 :delm[arks]! Delete all marks for the current buffer, but not marks | |
851 A-Z or 0-9. | |
852 | |
7 | 853 A mark is not visible in any way. It is just a position in the file that is |
854 remembered. Do not confuse marks with named registers, they are totally | |
855 unrelated. | |
856 | |
857 'a - 'z lowercase marks, valid within one file | |
858 'A - 'Z uppercase marks, also called file marks, valid between files | |
859 '0 - '9 numbered marks, set from .viminfo file | |
860 | |
861 Lowercase marks 'a to 'z are remembered as long as the file remains in the | |
862 buffer list. If you remove the file from the buffer list, all its marks are | |
863 lost. If you delete a line that contains a mark, that mark is erased. | |
864 | |
865 Lowercase marks can be used in combination with operators. For example: "d't" | |
866 deletes the lines from the cursor position to mark 't'. Hint: Use mark 't' for | |
867 Top, 'b' for Bottom, etc.. Lowercase marks are restored when using undo and | |
868 redo. | |
869 | |
16610 | 870 Uppercase marks 'A to 'Z include the file name. You can use them to jump from |
871 file to file. You can only use an uppercase mark with an operator if the mark | |
872 is in the current file. The line number of the mark remains correct, even if | |
873 you insert/delete lines or edit another file for a moment. When the 'viminfo' | |
874 option is not empty, uppercase marks are kept in the .viminfo file. See | |
875 |viminfo-file-marks|. | |
7 | 876 |
877 Numbered marks '0 to '9 are quite different. They can not be set directly. | |
878 They are only present when using a viminfo file |viminfo-file|. Basically '0 | |
879 is the location of the cursor when you last exited Vim, '1 the last but one | |
880 time, etc. Use the "r" flag in 'viminfo' to specify files for which no | |
881 Numbered mark should be stored. See |viminfo-file-marks|. | |
882 | |
883 | |
884 *'[* *`[* | |
885 '[ `[ To the first character of the previously changed | |
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886 or yanked text. |
7 | 887 |
888 *']* *`]* | |
889 '] `] To the last character of the previously changed or | |
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890 yanked text. |
7 | 891 |
892 After executing an operator the Cursor is put at the beginning of the text | |
893 that was operated upon. After a put command ("p" or "P") the cursor is | |
894 sometimes placed at the first inserted line and sometimes on the last inserted | |
895 character. The four commands above put the cursor at either end. Example: | |
896 After yanking 10 lines you want to go to the last one of them: "10Y']". After | |
897 inserting several lines with the "p" command you want to jump to the lowest | |
898 inserted line: "p']". This also works for text that has been inserted. | |
899 | |
900 Note: After deleting text, the start and end positions are the same, except | |
901 when using blockwise Visual mode. These commands do not work when no change | |
902 was made yet in the current file. | |
903 | |
904 *'<* *`<* | |
1698 | 905 '< `< To the first line or character of the last selected |
906 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it | |
907 may also be the last character in the first line (to | |
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908 be able to define the block). |
7 | 909 |
910 *'>* *`>* | |
1698 | 911 '> `> To the last line or character of the last selected |
912 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it | |
913 may also be the first character of the last line (to | |
914 be able to define the block). Note that 'selection' | |
856 | 915 applies, the position may be just after the Visual |
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916 area. |
7 | 917 |
918 *''* *``* | |
36 | 919 '' `` To the position before the latest jump, or where the |
920 last "m'" or "m`" command was given. Not set when the | |
7 | 921 |:keepjumps| command modifier was used. |
922 Also see |restore-position|. | |
923 | |
924 *'quote* *`quote* | |
925 '" `" To the cursor position when last exiting the current | |
926 buffer. Defaults to the first character of the first | |
927 line. See |last-position-jump| for how to use this | |
928 for each opened file. | |
929 Only one position is remembered per buffer, not one | |
930 for each window. As long as the buffer is visible in | |
931 a window the position won't be changed. | |
932 | |
933 *'^* *`^* | |
934 '^ `^ To the position where the cursor was the last time | |
42 | 935 when Insert mode was stopped. This is used by the |
936 |gi| command. Not set when the |:keepjumps| command | |
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937 modifier was used. |
7 | 938 |
939 *'.* *`.* | |
940 '. `. To the position where the last change was made. The | |
941 position is at or near where the change started. | |
942 Sometimes a command is executed as several changes, | |
943 then the position can be near the end of what the | |
944 command changed. For example when inserting a word, | |
945 the position will be on the last character. | |
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946 To jump to older changes use |g;|. |
7 | 947 |
948 *'(* *`(* | |
949 '( `( To the start of the current sentence, like the |(| | |
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950 command. |
7 | 951 |
952 *')* *`)* | |
953 ') `) To the end of the current sentence, like the |)| | |
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954 command. |
7 | 955 |
956 *'{* *`{* | |
957 '{ `{ To the start of the current paragraph, like the |{| | |
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958 command. |
7 | 959 |
960 *'}* *`}* | |
961 '} `} To the end of the current paragraph, like the |}| | |
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962 command. |
7 | 963 |
964 These commands are not marks themselves, but jump to a mark: | |
965 | |
966 *]'* | |
967 ]' [count] times to next line with a lowercase mark below | |
968 the cursor, on the first non-blank character in the | |
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969 line. |
7 | 970 |
971 *]`* | |
24278 | 972 ]` [count] times to lowercase mark after the cursor. |
7 | 973 |
974 *['* | |
975 [' [count] times to previous line with a lowercase mark | |
976 before the cursor, on the first non-blank character in | |
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977 the line. |
7 | 978 |
979 *[`* | |
980 [` [count] times to lowercase mark before the cursor. | |
981 | |
982 | |
16944 | 983 :loc[kmarks] {command} *:loc* *:lock* *:lockmarks* |
7 | 984 Execute {command} without adjusting marks. This is |
985 useful when changing text in a way that the line count | |
986 will be the same when the change has completed. | |
987 WARNING: When the line count does change, marks below | |
988 the change will keep their line number, thus move to | |
989 another text line. | |
990 These items will not be adjusted for deleted/inserted | |
991 lines: | |
992 - lower case letter marks 'a - 'z | |
993 - upper case letter marks 'A - 'Z | |
994 - numbered marks '0 - '9 | |
995 - last insert position '^ | |
996 - last change position '. | |
18639 | 997 - last affected text area '[ and '] |
7 | 998 - the Visual area '< and '> |
999 - line numbers in placed signs | |
1000 - line numbers in quickfix positions | |
1001 - positions in the |jumplist| | |
1002 - positions in the |tagstack| | |
1003 These items will still be adjusted: | |
1004 - previous context mark '' | |
1005 - the cursor position | |
1006 - the view of a window on a buffer | |
1007 - folds | |
1008 - diffs | |
1009 | |
16944 | 1010 :kee[pmarks] {command} *:kee* *:keep* *:keepmarks* |
7 | 1011 Currently only has effect for the filter command |
1012 |:range!|: | |
1013 - When the number of lines after filtering is equal to | |
1014 or larger than before, all marks are kept at the | |
1015 same line number. | |
1016 - When the number of lines decreases, the marks in the | |
9 | 1017 lines that disappeared are deleted. |
7 | 1018 In any case the marks below the filtered text have |
1019 their line numbers adjusted, thus stick to the text, | |
1020 as usual. | |
1021 When the 'R' flag is missing from 'cpoptions' this has | |
1022 the same effect as using ":keepmarks". | |
1023 | |
1024 *:keepj* *:keepjumps* | |
1025 :keepj[umps] {command} | |
9 | 1026 Moving around in {command} does not change the |''|, |
1027 |'.| and |'^| marks, the |jumplist| or the | |
1028 |changelist|. | |
1029 Useful when making a change or inserting text | |
1030 automatically and the user doesn't want to go to this | |
1031 position. E.g., when updating a "Last change" | |
1032 timestamp in the first line: > | |
1033 | |
586 | 1034 :let lnum = line(".") |
9 | 1035 :keepjumps normal gg |
1036 :call SetLastChange() | |
27903 | 1037 :keepjumps exe "normal " .. lnum .. "G" |
9 | 1038 < |
1039 Note that ":keepjumps" must be used for every command. | |
1040 When invoking a function the commands in that function | |
856 | 1041 can still change the jumplist. Also, for |
85 | 1042 ":keepjumps exe 'command '" the "command" won't keep |
1043 jumps. Instead use: ":exe 'keepjumps command'" | |
7 | 1044 |
1045 ============================================================================== | |
1046 8. Jumps *jump-motions* | |
1047 | |
14347 | 1048 A "jump" is a command that normally moves the cursor several lines away. If |
1049 you make the cursor "jump" the position of the cursor before the jump is | |
16023 | 1050 remembered. You can return to that position with the "''" and "``" commands, |
14347 | 1051 unless the line containing that position was changed or deleted. The |
1052 following commands are "jump" commands: "'", "`", "G", "/", "?", "n", "N", | |
1053 "%", "(", ")", "[[", "]]", "{", "}", ":s", ":tag", "L", "M", "H" and the | |
15033 | 1054 commands that start editing a new file. |
7 | 1055 |
1056 *CTRL-O* | |
1057 CTRL-O Go to [count] Older cursor position in jump list | |
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1058 (not a motion command). |
7 | 1059 |
1060 <Tab> or *CTRL-I* *<Tab>* | |
1061 CTRL-I Go to [count] newer cursor position in jump list | |
1062 (not a motion command). | |
1063 | |
24278 | 1064 NOTE: In the GUI and in a terminal supporting |
1065 |modifyOtherKeys|, CTRL-I can be mapped separately | |
1066 from <Tab>, on the condition that CTRL-I is | |
1067 mapped before <Tab>, otherwise the mapping applies to | |
1068 both. | |
1069 | |
7 | 1070 *:ju* *:jumps* |
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1071 :ju[mps] Print the jump list (not a motion command). |
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1072 |
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1073 *:cle* *:clearjumps* |
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1074 :cle[arjumps] Clear the jump list of the current window. |
7 | 1075 |
1076 *jumplist* | |
1077 Jumps are remembered in a jump list. With the CTRL-O and CTRL-I command you | |
1078 can go to cursor positions before older jumps, and back again. Thus you can | |
1079 move up and down the list. There is a separate jump list for each window. | |
1080 The maximum number of entries is fixed at 100. | |
1081 | |
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1082 For example, after three jump commands you have this jump list: > |
7 | 1083 |
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1084 jump line col file/text |
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1085 3 1 0 some text |
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1086 2 70 0 another line |
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1087 1 1154 23 end. |
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1088 > |
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1089 < |
2681 | 1090 The "file/text" column shows the file name, or the text at the jump if it is |
7 | 1091 in the current file (an indent is removed and a long line is truncated to fit |
1092 in the window). | |
1093 | |
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1094 The marker ">" indicates the current position in the jumplist. It may not be |
28517 | 1095 shown when filtering the |:jumps| command using |:filter| |
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1096 |
7 | 1097 You are currently in line 1167. If you then use the CTRL-O command, the |
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1098 cursor is put in line 1154. This results in: > |
7 | 1099 |
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1100 jump line col file/text |
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1101 2 1 0 some text |
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1102 1 70 0 another line |
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1103 > 0 1154 23 end. |
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1104 1 1167 0 foo bar |
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1105 < |
7 | 1106 The pointer will be set at the last used jump position. The next CTRL-O |
1107 command will use the entry above it, the next CTRL-I command will use the | |
1108 entry below it. If the pointer is below the last entry, this indicates that | |
1109 you did not use a CTRL-I or CTRL-O before. In this case the CTRL-O command | |
1110 will cause the cursor position to be added to the jump list, so you can get | |
1111 back to the position before the CTRL-O. In this case this is line 1167. | |
1112 | |
1113 With more CTRL-O commands you will go to lines 70 and 1. If you use CTRL-I | |
1114 you can go back to 1154 and 1167 again. Note that the number in the "jump" | |
1115 column indicates the count for the CTRL-O or CTRL-I command that takes you to | |
1116 this position. | |
1117 | |
1118 If you use a jump command, the current line number is inserted at the end of | |
1119 the jump list. If the same line was already in the jump list, it is removed. | |
1120 The result is that when repeating CTRL-O you will get back to old positions | |
1121 only once. | |
1122 | |
1123 When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used, jumps are not stored in the | |
836 | 1124 jumplist. Jumps are also not stored in other cases, e.g., in a |:global| |
5220 | 1125 command. You can explicitly add a jump by setting the ' mark with "m'". Note |
1126 that calling setpos() does not do this. | |
7 | 1127 |
1128 After the CTRL-O command that got you into line 1154 you could give another | |
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1129 jump command (e.g., "G"). The jump list would then become: > |
7 | 1130 |
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1131 jump line col file/text |
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1132 4 1 0 some text |
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1133 3 70 0 another line |
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1134 2 1167 0 foo bar |
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1135 1 1154 23 end. |
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1136 > |
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1137 < |
7 | 1138 The line numbers will be adjusted for deleted and inserted lines. This fails |
1139 if you stop editing a file without writing, like with ":n!". | |
1140 | |
1141 When you split a window, the jumplist will be copied to the new window. | |
1142 | |
1143 If you have included the ' item in the 'viminfo' option the jumplist will be | |
1144 stored in the viminfo file and restored when starting Vim. | |
1145 | |
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1146 *jumplist-stack* |
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1147 When 'jumpoptions' option includes "stack", the jumplist behaves like the tag |
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1148 stack. When jumping to a new location from the middle of the jumplist, the |
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1149 locations after the current position will be discarded. With this option set |
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1150 you can move through a tree of jump locations. When going back up a branch and |
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1151 then down another branch, CTRL-O still takes you further up the tree. |
7 | 1152 |
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1153 Given a jumplist like the following in which CTRL-O has been used to move back |
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1154 three times to location X: > |
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1155 |
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1156 jump line col file/text |
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1157 2 1260 8 mark.c <-- location X-2 |
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1158 1 685 0 eval.c <-- location X-1 |
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1159 > 0 462 36 eval.c <-- location X |
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1160 1 479 39 eval.c |
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1161 2 213 2 mark.c |
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1162 3 181 0 mark.c |
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1163 < |
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1164 jumping to (new) location Y results in the locations after the current |
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1165 locations being removed: > |
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1166 |
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1167 jump line col file/text |
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1168 3 1260 8 mark.c <-- location X-2 |
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1169 2 685 0 eval.c <-- location X-1 |
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1170 1 462 36 eval.c <-- location X |
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1171 > |
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1172 < |
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1173 Then, when yet another location Z is jumped to, the new location Y appears |
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1174 directly after location X in the jumplist and location X remains in the same |
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1175 position relative to the locations (X-1, X-2, etc., ...) that had been before |
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1176 it prior to the original jump from X to Y: > |
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1177 |
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1178 jump line col file/text |
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1179 4 1260 8 mark.c <-- location X-2 |
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1180 3 685 0 eval.c <-- location X-1 |
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1181 2 462 36 eval.c <-- location X |
33315
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1182 1 100 0 buffer.c <-- location Y |
33311
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1183 > |
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1184 < |
7 | 1185 CHANGE LIST JUMPS *changelist* *change-list-jumps* *E664* |
1186 | |
1187 When making a change the cursor position is remembered. One position is | |
1188 remembered for every change that can be undone, unless it is close to a | |
1189 previous change. Two commands can be used to jump to positions of changes, | |
1190 also those that have been undone: | |
1191 | |
1192 *g;* *E662* | |
1193 g; Go to [count] older position in change list. | |
1194 If [count] is larger than the number of older change | |
1195 positions go to the oldest change. | |
1196 If there is no older change an error message is given. | |
1197 (not a motion command) | |
1198 | |
1199 *g,* *E663* | |
30547 | 1200 g, Go to [count] newer position in change list. |
236 | 1201 Just like |g;| but in the opposite direction. |
7 | 1202 (not a motion command) |
1203 | |
1204 When using a count you jump as far back or forward as possible. Thus you can | |
1205 use "999g;" to go to the first change for which the position is still | |
1206 remembered. The number of entries in the change list is fixed and is the same | |
1207 as for the |jumplist|. | |
1208 | |
1209 When two undo-able changes are in the same line and at a column position less | |
1210 than 'textwidth' apart only the last one is remembered. This avoids that a | |
1211 sequence of small changes in a line, for example "xxxxx", adds many positions | |
1212 to the change list. When 'textwidth' is zero 'wrapmargin' is used. When that | |
1213 also isn't set a fixed number of 79 is used. Detail: For the computations | |
1214 bytes are used, not characters, to avoid a speed penalty (this only matters | |
21991 | 1215 for multibyte encodings). |
7 | 1216 |
1217 Note that when text has been inserted or deleted the cursor position might be | |
1218 a bit different from the position of the change. Especially when lines have | |
1219 been deleted. | |
1220 | |
24278 | 1221 When the `:keepjumps` command modifier is used the position of a change is not |
7 | 1222 remembered. |
1223 | |
1224 *:changes* | |
1225 :changes Print the change list. A ">" character indicates the | |
1226 current position. Just after a change it is below the | |
14372 | 1227 newest entry, indicating that `g;` takes you to the |
7 | 1228 newest entry position. The first column indicates the |
1229 count needed to take you to this position. Example: | |
1230 | |
1231 change line col text ~ | |
1232 3 9 8 bla bla bla | |
1233 2 11 57 foo is a bar | |
1234 1 14 54 the latest changed line | |
1235 > | |
1236 | |
14372 | 1237 The `3g;` command takes you to line 9. Then the |
1238 output of `:changes` is: | |
7 | 1239 |
1240 change line col text ~ | |
1241 > 0 9 8 bla bla bla | |
1242 1 11 57 foo is a bar | |
1243 2 14 54 the latest changed line | |
1244 | |
1245 Now you can use "g," to go to line 11 and "2g," to go | |
1246 to line 14. | |
1247 | |
1248 ============================================================================== | |
1249 9. Various motions *various-motions* | |
1250 | |
1251 *%* | |
1252 % Find the next item in this line after or under the | |
1253 cursor and jump to its match. |inclusive| motion. | |
1254 Items can be: | |
1255 ([{}]) parenthesis or (curly/square) brackets | |
1256 (this can be changed with the | |
1257 'matchpairs' option) | |
1258 /* */ start or end of C-style comment | |
1259 #if, #ifdef, #else, #elif, #endif | |
1260 C preprocessor conditionals (when the | |
1261 cursor is on the # or no ([{ | |
24278 | 1262 is following) |
7 | 1263 For other items the matchit plugin can be used, see |
1621 | 1264 |matchit-install|. This plugin also helps to skip |
1265 matches in comments. | |
7 | 1266 |
1267 When 'cpoptions' contains "M" |cpo-M| backslashes | |
1268 before parens and braces are ignored. Without "M" the | |
1269 number of backslashes matters: an even number doesn't | |
1270 match with an odd number. Thus in "( \) )" and "\( ( | |
1271 \)" the first and last parenthesis match. | |
1621 | 1272 |
7 | 1273 When the '%' character is not present in 'cpoptions' |
1274 |cpo-%|, parens and braces inside double quotes are | |
1275 ignored, unless the number of parens/braces in a line | |
1276 is uneven and this line and the previous one does not | |
1277 end in a backslash. '(', '{', '[', ']', '}' and ')' | |
1278 are also ignored (parens and braces inside single | |
1279 quotes). Note that this works fine for C, but not for | |
1280 Perl, where single quotes are used for strings. | |
1621 | 1281 |
1282 Nothing special is done for matches in comments. You | |
1283 can either use the matchit plugin |matchit-install| or | |
1284 put quotes around matches. | |
1285 | |
1286 No count is allowed, {count}% jumps to a line {count} | |
1287 percentage down the file |N%|. Using '%' on | |
7 | 1288 #if/#else/#endif makes the movement linewise. |
1289 | |
1290 *[(* | |
24278 | 1291 [( Go to [count] previous unmatched '('. |
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1292 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1293 *[{* |
24278 | 1294 [{ Go to [count] previous unmatched '{'. |
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1295 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1296 *])* |
24278 | 1297 ]) Go to [count] next unmatched ')'. |
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1298 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1299 *]}* |
24278 | 1300 ]} Go to [count] next unmatched '}'. |
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1301 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1302 |
1303 The above four commands can be used to go to the start or end of the current | |
1304 code block. It is like doing "%" on the '(', ')', '{' or '}' at the other | |
1305 end of the code block, but you can do this from anywhere in the code block. | |
1306 Very useful for C programs. Example: When standing on "case x:", "[{" will | |
1307 bring you back to the switch statement. | |
1308 | |
1309 *]m* | |
1310 ]m Go to [count] next start of a method (for Java or | |
1311 similar structured language). When not before the | |
1312 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
1313 class. When no '{' is found after the cursor, this is | |
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1314 an error. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1315 *]M* |
1316 ]M Go to [count] next end of a method (for Java or | |
1317 similar structured language). When not before the end | |
1318 of a method, jump to the start or end of the class. | |
1319 When no '}' is found after the cursor, this is an | |
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1320 error. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1321 *[m* |
1322 [m Go to [count] previous start of a method (for Java or | |
1323 similar structured language). When not after the | |
1324 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
1325 class. When no '{' is found before the cursor this is | |
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1326 an error. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1327 *[M* |
1328 [M Go to [count] previous end of a method (for Java or | |
1329 similar structured language). When not after the | |
1330 end of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
1331 class. When no '}' is found before the cursor this is | |
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1332 an error. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1333 |
24278 | 1334 The above four commands assume that the file contains a class with methods. |
7 | 1335 The class definition is surrounded in '{' and '}'. Each method in the class |
1336 is also surrounded with '{' and '}'. This applies to the Java language. The | |
1337 file looks like this: > | |
1338 | |
1339 // comment | |
1340 class foo { | |
1341 int method_one() { | |
1342 body_one(); | |
1343 } | |
1344 int method_two() { | |
1345 body_two(); | |
1346 } | |
1347 } | |
24278 | 1348 |
1349 [To try this out copy the text and put it in a new buffer, the help text above | |
1350 confuses the jump commands] | |
1351 | |
7 | 1352 Starting with the cursor on "body_two()", using "[m" will jump to the '{' at |
1353 the start of "method_two()" (obviously this is much more useful when the | |
1354 method is long!). Using "2[m" will jump to the start of "method_one()". | |
1355 Using "3[m" will jump to the start of the class. | |
1356 | |
1357 *[#* | |
24278 | 1358 [# Go to [count] previous unmatched "#if" or "#else". |
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1359 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1360 |
1361 *]#* | |
24278 | 1362 ]# Go to [count] next unmatched "#else" or "#endif". |
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1363 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1364 |
1365 These two commands work in C programs that contain #if/#else/#endif | |
1366 constructs. It brings you to the start or end of the #if/#else/#endif where | |
1367 the current line is included. You can then use "%" to go to the matching line. | |
1368 | |
1369 *[star* *[/* | |
24278 | 1370 [* or [/ Go to [count] previous start of a C comment "/*". |
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1371 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1372 |
1373 *]star* *]/* | |
24278 | 1374 ]* or ]/ Go to [count] next end of a C comment "*/". |
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1375 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1376 |
1377 | |
1378 *H* | |
1379 H To line [count] from top (Home) of window (default: | |
1380 first line on the window) on the first non-blank | |
1381 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
12646
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1382 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option, unless an |
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1383 operator is pending, in which case the text may |
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1384 scroll. E.g. "yH" yanks from the first visible line |
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1385 until the cursor line (inclusive). |
7 | 1386 |
1387 *M* | |
1388 M To Middle line of window, on the first non-blank | |
1389 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
1390 | |
1391 *L* | |
1392 L To line [count] from bottom of window (default: Last | |
1393 line on the window) on the first non-blank character | |
1394 |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
12646
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1395 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option, unless an |
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1396 operator is pending, in which case the text may |
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1397 scroll. E.g. "yL" yanks from the cursor to the last |
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1398 visible line. |
7 | 1399 |
1400 <LeftMouse> Moves to the position on the screen where the mouse | |
36 | 1401 click is |exclusive|. See also |<LeftMouse>|. If the |
7 | 1402 position is in a status line, that window is made the |
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1403 active window and the cursor is not moved. |
7 | 1404 |
14421 | 1405 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |