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annotate runtime/doc/motion.txt @ 3750:536aa8b0c934
Update runtime files.
author | Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org> |
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date | Wed, 15 Aug 2012 17:43:31 +0200 |
parents | 9910cbff5f16 |
children | fa4089df54bc |
rev | line source |
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3750 | 1 *motion.txt* For Vim version 7.3. Last change: 2012 Aug 04 |
7 | 2 |
3 | |
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
5 | |
6 | |
7 Cursor motions *cursor-motions* *navigation* | |
8 | |
9 These commands move the cursor position. If the new position is off of the | |
10 screen, the screen is scrolled to show the cursor (see also 'scrolljump' and | |
11 'scrolloff' options). | |
12 | |
13 1. Motions and operators |operator| | |
14 2. Left-right motions |left-right-motions| | |
15 3. Up-down motions |up-down-motions| | |
16 4. Word motions |word-motions| | |
17 5. Text object motions |object-motions| | |
18 6. Text object selection |object-select| | |
19 7. Marks |mark-motions| | |
20 8. Jumps |jump-motions| | |
21 9. Various motions |various-motions| | |
22 | |
23 General remarks: | |
24 | |
25 If you want to know where you are in the file use the "CTRL-G" command | |
26 |CTRL-G| or the "g CTRL-G" command |g_CTRL-G|. If you set the 'ruler' option, | |
27 the cursor position is continuously shown in the status line (which slows down | |
28 Vim a little). | |
29 | |
30 Experienced users prefer the hjkl keys because they are always right under | |
31 their fingers. Beginners often prefer the arrow keys, because they do not | |
32 know what the hjkl keys do. The mnemonic value of hjkl is clear from looking | |
33 at the keyboard. Think of j as an arrow pointing downwards. | |
34 | |
35 The 'virtualedit' option can be set to make it possible to move the cursor to | |
36 positions where there is no character or halfway a character. | |
37 | |
38 ============================================================================== | |
39 1. Motions and operators *operator* | |
40 | |
41 The motion commands can be used after an operator command, to have the command | |
42 operate on the text that was moved over. That is the text between the cursor | |
43 position before and after the motion. Operators are generally used to delete | |
44 or change text. The following operators are available: | |
45 | |
46 |c| c change | |
47 |d| d delete | |
48 |y| y yank into register (does not change the text) | |
49 |~| ~ swap case (only if 'tildeop' is set) | |
50 |g~| g~ swap case | |
51 |gu| gu make lowercase | |
52 |gU| gU make uppercase | |
53 |!| ! filter through an external program | |
54 |=| = filter through 'equalprg' or C-indenting if empty | |
55 |gq| gq text formatting | |
56 |g?| g? ROT13 encoding | |
57 |>| > shift right | |
58 |<| < shift left | |
59 |zf| zf define a fold | |
3713 | 60 |g@| g@ call function set with the 'operatorfunc' option |
7 | 61 |
62 If the motion includes a count and the operator also had a count before it, | |
63 the two counts are multiplied. For example: "2d3w" deletes six words. | |
64 | |
65 After applying the operator the cursor is mostly left at the start of the text | |
66 that was operated upon. For example, "yfe" doesn't move the cursor, but "yFe" | |
67 moves the cursor leftwards to the "e" where the yank started. | |
68 | |
69 *linewise* *characterwise* | |
70 The operator either affects whole lines, or the characters between the start | |
71 and end position. Generally, motions that move between lines affect lines | |
72 (are linewise), and motions that move within a line affect characters (are | |
73 characterwise). However, there are some exceptions. | |
74 | |
75 *exclusive* *inclusive* | |
456 | 76 A character motion is either inclusive or exclusive. When inclusive, the |
77 start and end position of the motion are included in the operation. When | |
78 exclusive, the last character towards the end of the buffer is not included. | |
79 Linewise motions always include the start and end position. | |
7 | 80 |
456 | 81 Which motions are linewise, inclusive or exclusive is mentioned with the |
82 command. There are however, two general exceptions: | |
7 | 83 1. If the motion is exclusive and the end of the motion is in column 1, the |
84 end of the motion is moved to the end of the previous line and the motion | |
85 becomes inclusive. Example: "}" moves to the first line after a paragraph, | |
86 but "d}" will not include that line. | |
20 | 87 *exclusive-linewise* |
7 | 88 2. If the motion is exclusive, the end of the motion is in column 1 and the |
89 start of the motion was at or before the first non-blank in the line, the | |
90 motion becomes linewise. Example: If a paragraph begins with some blanks | |
91 and you do "d}" while standing on the first non-blank, all the lines of | |
92 the paragraph are deleted, including the blanks. If you do a put now, the | |
93 deleted lines will be inserted below the cursor position. | |
94 | |
95 Note that when the operator is pending (the operator command is typed, but the | |
96 motion isn't yet), a special set of mappings can be used. See |:omap|. | |
97 | |
98 Instead of first giving the operator and then a motion you can use Visual | |
99 mode: mark the start of the text with "v", move the cursor to the end of the | |
100 text that is to be affected and then hit the operator. The text between the | |
101 start and the cursor position is highlighted, so you can see what text will | |
102 be operated upon. This allows much more freedom, but requires more key | |
103 strokes and has limited redo functionality. See the chapter on Visual mode | |
104 |Visual-mode|. | |
105 | |
106 You can use a ":" command for a motion. For example "d:call FindEnd()". | |
107 But this can't be redone with "." if the command is more than one line. | |
108 This can be repeated: > | |
109 d:call search("f")<CR> | |
110 This cannot be repeated: > | |
111 d:if 1<CR> | |
112 call search("f")<CR> | |
113 endif<CR> | |
114 | |
115 | |
116 FORCING A MOTION TO BE LINEWISE, CHARACTERWISE OR BLOCKWISE | |
117 | |
118 When a motion is not of the type you would like to use, you can force another | |
119 type by using "v", "V" or CTRL-V just after the operator. | |
120 Example: > | |
121 dj | |
122 deletes two lines > | |
123 dvj | |
124 deletes from the cursor position until the character below the cursor > | |
125 d<C-V>j | |
126 deletes the character under the cursor and the character below the cursor. > | |
127 | |
128 Be careful with forcing a linewise movement to be used characterwise or | |
129 blockwise, the column may not always be defined. | |
130 | |
131 *o_v* | |
132 v When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
133 the operator to work characterwise, also when the motion is | |
134 linewise. If the motion was linewise, it will become | |
135 |exclusive|. | |
136 If the motion already was characterwise, toggle | |
137 inclusive/exclusive. This can be used to make an exclusive | |
138 motion inclusive and an inclusive motion exclusive. | |
139 | |
140 *o_V* | |
141 V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
142 the operator to work linewise, also when the motion is | |
143 characterwise. | |
144 | |
145 *o_CTRL-V* | |
146 CTRL-V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
147 the operator to work blockwise. This works like Visual block | |
148 mode selection, with the corners defined by the cursor | |
149 position before and after the motion. | |
150 | |
151 ============================================================================== | |
152 2. Left-right motions *left-right-motions* | |
153 | |
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154 These commands move the cursor to the specified column in the current line. |
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155 They stop at the first column and at the end of the line, except "$", which |
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156 may move to one of the next lines. See 'whichwrap' option to make some of the |
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157 commands move across line boundaries. |
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158 |
7 | 159 h or *h* |
160 <Left> or *<Left>* | |
161 CTRL-H or *CTRL-H* *<BS>* | |
162 <BS> [count] characters to the left. |exclusive| motion. | |
163 Note: If you prefer <BS> to delete a character, use | |
164 the mapping: | |
165 :map CTRL-V<BS> X | |
166 (to enter "CTRL-V<BS>" type the CTRL-V key, followed | |
167 by the <BS> key) | |
168 See |:fixdel| if the <BS> key does not do what you | |
169 want. | |
170 | |
171 l or *l* | |
172 <Right> or *<Right>* *<Space>* | |
173 <Space> [count] characters to the right. |exclusive| motion. | |
174 | |
175 *0* | |
176 0 To the first character of the line. |exclusive| | |
1121 | 177 motion. |
7 | 178 |
179 *<Home>* *<kHome>* | |
180 <Home> To the first character of the line. |exclusive| | |
1121 | 181 motion. When moving up or down next, stay in same |
182 TEXT column (if possible). Most other commands stay | |
183 in the same SCREEN column. <Home> works like "1|", | |
184 which differs from "0" when the line starts with a | |
185 <Tab>. {not in Vi} | |
7 | 186 |
187 *^* | |
188 ^ To the first non-blank character of the line. | |
189 |exclusive| motion. | |
190 | |
191 *$* *<End>* *<kEnd>* | |
192 $ or <End> To the end of the line. When a count is given also go | |
193 [count - 1] lines downward |inclusive|. | |
194 In Visual mode the cursor goes to just after the last | |
195 character in the line. | |
196 When 'virtualedit' is active, "$" may move the cursor | |
197 back from past the end of the line to the last | |
198 character in the line. | |
199 | |
200 *g_* | |
201 g_ To the last non-blank character of the line and | |
202 [count - 1] lines downward |inclusive|. {not in Vi} | |
203 | |
204 *g0* *g<Home>* | |
205 g0 or g<Home> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first character of | |
206 the screen line. |exclusive| motion. Differs from | |
207 "0" when a line is wider than the screen. | |
208 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost | |
209 character of the current line that is on the screen. | |
210 Differs from "0" when the first character of the line | |
211 is not on the screen. {not in Vi} | |
212 | |
213 *g^* | |
214 g^ When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first non-blank | |
215 character of the screen line. |exclusive| motion. | |
216 Differs from "^" when a line is wider than the screen. | |
217 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost | |
218 non-blank character of the current line that is on the | |
219 screen. Differs from "^" when the first non-blank | |
220 character of the line is not on the screen. {not in | |
221 Vi} | |
222 | |
223 *gm* | |
224 gm Like "g0", but half a screenwidth to the right (or as | |
225 much as possible). {not in Vi} | |
226 | |
227 *g$* *g<End>* | |
228 g$ or g<End> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the last character of | |
229 the screen line and [count - 1] screen lines downward | |
230 |inclusive|. Differs from "$" when a line is wider | |
231 than the screen. | |
232 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the rightmost | |
233 character of the current line that is visible on the | |
234 screen. Differs from "$" when the last character of | |
235 the line is not on the screen or when a count is used. | |
236 Additionally, vertical movements keep the column, | |
237 instead of going to the end of the line. | |
238 {not in Vi} | |
239 | |
240 *bar* | |
241 | To screen column [count] in the current line. | |
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242 |exclusive| motion. Ceci n'est pas une pipe. |
7 | 243 |
244 *f* | |
245 f{char} To [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the right. The | |
246 cursor is placed on {char} |inclusive|. | |
247 {char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|. | |
248 When 'encoding' is set to Unicode, composing | |
249 characters may be used, see |utf-8-char-arg|. | |
250 |:lmap| mappings apply to {char}. The CTRL-^ command | |
251 in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off | |
252 |i_CTRL-^|. | |
253 | |
254 *F* | |
255 F{char} To the [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the left. | |
456 | 256 The cursor is placed on {char} |exclusive|. |
7 | 257 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. |
258 | |
259 *t* | |
260 t{char} Till before [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the | |
261 right. The cursor is placed on the character left of | |
262 {char} |inclusive|. | |
263 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. | |
264 | |
265 *T* | |
266 T{char} Till after [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the | |
267 left. The cursor is placed on the character right of | |
456 | 268 {char} |exclusive|. |
7 | 269 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. |
270 | |
271 *;* | |
2925 | 272 ; Repeat latest f, t, F or T [count] times. See |cpo-;| |
7 | 273 |
274 *,* | |
275 , Repeat latest f, t, F or T in opposite direction | |
2925 | 276 [count] times. See also |cpo-;| |
7 | 277 |
278 ============================================================================== | |
279 3. Up-down motions *up-down-motions* | |
280 | |
281 k or *k* | |
282 <Up> or *<Up>* *CTRL-P* | |
283 CTRL-P [count] lines upward |linewise|. | |
284 | |
285 j or *j* | |
286 <Down> or *<Down>* | |
287 CTRL-J or *CTRL-J* | |
288 <NL> or *<NL>* *CTRL-N* | |
289 CTRL-N [count] lines downward |linewise|. | |
290 | |
291 gk or *gk* *g<Up>* | |
292 g<Up> [count] display lines upward. |exclusive| motion. | |
293 Differs from 'k' when lines wrap, and when used with | |
294 an operator, because it's not linewise. {not in Vi} | |
295 | |
296 gj or *gj* *g<Down>* | |
297 g<Down> [count] display lines downward. |exclusive| motion. | |
298 Differs from 'j' when lines wrap, and when used with | |
299 an operator, because it's not linewise. {not in Vi} | |
300 | |
301 *-* | |
302 - <minus> [count] lines upward, on the first non-blank | |
303 character |linewise|. | |
304 | |
305 + or *+* | |
306 CTRL-M or *CTRL-M* *<CR>* | |
307 <CR> [count] lines downward, on the first non-blank | |
308 character |linewise|. | |
309 | |
310 *_* | |
311 _ <underscore> [count] - 1 lines downward, on the first non-blank | |
312 character |linewise|. | |
313 | |
314 *G* | |
315 G Goto line [count], default last line, on the first | |
316 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not | |
317 set, keep the same column. | |
2152 | 318 G is a one of |jump-motions|. |
7 | 319 |
320 *<C-End>* | |
321 <C-End> Goto line [count], default last line, on the last | |
322 character |inclusive|. {not in Vi} | |
323 | |
324 <C-Home> or *gg* *<C-Home>* | |
325 gg Goto line [count], default first line, on the first | |
326 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not | |
327 set, keep the same column. | |
328 | |
3750 | 329 *:[range]* |
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330 :[range] Set the cursor on the last line number in [range]. |
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331 [range] can also be just one line number, e.g., ":1" |
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332 or ":'m". |
2152 | 333 In contrast with |G| this command does not modify the |
334 |jumplist|. | |
7 | 335 *N%* |
336 {count}% Go to {count} percentage in the file, on the first | |
337 non-blank in the line |linewise|. To compute the new | |
338 line number this formula is used: | |
339 ({count} * number-of-lines + 99) / 100 | |
340 See also 'startofline' option. {not in Vi} | |
341 | |
342 :[range]go[to] [count] *:go* *:goto* *go* | |
343 [count]go Go to {count} byte in the buffer. Default [count] is | |
344 one, start of the file. When giving [range], the | |
345 last number in it used as the byte count. End-of-line | |
346 characters are counted depending on the current | |
347 'fileformat' setting. | |
2908 | 348 Also see the |line2byte()| function, and the 'o' |
349 option in 'statusline'. | |
7 | 350 {not in Vi} |
351 {not available when compiled without the | |
352 |+byte_offset| feature} | |
353 | |
354 These commands move to the specified line. They stop when reaching the first | |
355 or the last line. The first two commands put the cursor in the same column | |
356 (if possible) as it was after the last command that changed the column, | |
357 except after the "$" command, then the cursor will be put on the last | |
358 character of the line. | |
359 | |
161 | 360 If "k", "-" or CTRL-P is used with a [count] and there are less than [count] |
361 lines above the cursor and the 'cpo' option includes the "-" flag it is an | |
362 error. |cpo--|. | |
363 | |
7 | 364 ============================================================================== |
365 4. Word motions *word-motions* | |
366 | |
367 <S-Right> or *<S-Right>* *w* | |
368 w [count] words forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
369 | |
370 <C-Right> or *<C-Right>* *W* | |
371 W [count] WORDS forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
372 | |
373 *e* | |
374 e Forward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|. | |
1621 | 375 Does not stop in an empty line. |
7 | 376 |
377 *E* | |
378 E Forward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|. | |
1621 | 379 Does not stop in an empty line. |
7 | 380 |
381 <S-Left> or *<S-Left>* *b* | |
382 b [count] words backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
383 | |
384 <C-Left> or *<C-Left>* *B* | |
385 B [count] WORDS backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
386 | |
387 *ge* | |
388 ge Backward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|. | |
389 | |
390 *gE* | |
391 gE Backward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|. | |
392 | |
393 These commands move over words or WORDS. | |
394 *word* | |
395 A word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores, or a | |
396 sequence of other non-blank characters, separated with white space (spaces, | |
625 | 397 tabs, <EOL>). This can be changed with the 'iskeyword' option. An empty line |
398 is also considered to be a word. | |
7 | 399 *WORD* |
400 A WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white | |
625 | 401 space. An empty line is also considered to be a WORD. |
7 | 402 |
403 A sequence of folded lines is counted for one word of a single character. | |
404 "w" and "W", "e" and "E" move to the start/end of the first word or WORD after | |
405 a range of folded lines. "b" and "B" move to the start of the first word or | |
406 WORD before the fold. | |
407 | |
408 Special case: "cw" and "cW" are treated like "ce" and "cE" if the cursor is | |
409 on a non-blank. This is because "cw" is interpreted as change-word, and a | |
410 word does not include the following white space. {Vi: "cw" when on a blank | |
411 followed by other blanks changes only the first blank; this is probably a | |
412 bug, because "dw" deletes all the blanks} | |
413 | |
414 Another special case: When using the "w" motion in combination with an | |
415 operator and the last word moved over is at the end of a line, the end of | |
416 that word becomes the end of the operated text, not the first word in the | |
417 next line. | |
418 | |
419 The original Vi implementation of "e" is buggy. For example, the "e" command | |
420 will stop on the first character of a line if the previous line was empty. | |
421 But when you use "2e" this does not happen. In Vim "ee" and "2e" are the | |
422 same, which is more logical. However, this causes a small incompatibility | |
423 between Vi and Vim. | |
424 | |
425 ============================================================================== | |
426 5. Text object motions *object-motions* | |
427 | |
428 *(* | |
429 ( [count] sentences backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
430 | |
431 *)* | |
432 ) [count] sentences forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
433 | |
434 *{* | |
435 { [count] paragraphs backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
436 | |
437 *}* | |
438 } [count] paragraphs forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
439 | |
440 *]]* | |
441 ]] [count] sections forward or to the next '{' in the | |
20 | 442 first column. When used after an operator, then also |
443 stops below a '}' in the first column. |exclusive| | |
444 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 445 |
446 *][* | |
447 ][ [count] sections forward or to the next '}' in the | |
20 | 448 first column. |exclusive| |
449 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 450 |
451 *[[* | |
452 [[ [count] sections backward or to the previous '{' in | |
20 | 453 the first column. |exclusive| |
454 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 455 |
456 *[]* | |
457 [] [count] sections backward or to the previous '}' in | |
20 | 458 the first column. |exclusive| |
459 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 460 |
461 These commands move over three kinds of text objects. | |
462 | |
463 *sentence* | |
464 A sentence is defined as ending at a '.', '!' or '?' followed by either the | |
465 end of a line, or by a space or tab. Any number of closing ')', ']', '"' | |
466 and ''' characters may appear after the '.', '!' or '?' before the spaces, | |
467 tabs or end of line. A paragraph and section boundary is also a sentence | |
468 boundary. | |
469 If the 'J' flag is present in 'cpoptions', at least two spaces have to | |
470 follow the punctuation mark; <Tab>s are not recognized as white space. | |
471 The definition of a sentence cannot be changed. | |
472 | |
473 *paragraph* | |
474 A paragraph begins after each empty line, and also at each of a set of | |
475 paragraph macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the 'paragraphs' | |
1621 | 476 option. The default is "IPLPPPQPP TPHPLIPpLpItpplpipbp", which corresponds to |
477 the macros ".IP", ".LP", etc. (These are nroff macros, so the dot must be in | |
478 the first column). A section boundary is also a paragraph boundary. | |
164 | 479 Note that a blank line (only containing white space) is NOT a paragraph |
480 boundary. | |
481 Also note that this does not include a '{' or '}' in the first column. When | |
482 the '{' flag is in 'cpoptions' then '{' in the first column is used as a | |
483 paragraph boundary |posix|. | |
7 | 484 |
485 *section* | |
486 A section begins after a form-feed (<C-L>) in the first column and at each of | |
487 a set of section macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the | |
488 'sections' option. The default is "SHNHH HUnhsh", which defines a section to | |
489 start at the nroff macros ".SH", ".NH", ".H", ".HU", ".nh" and ".sh". | |
490 | |
491 The "]" and "[" commands stop at the '{' or '}' in the first column. This is | |
492 useful to find the start or end of a function in a C program. Note that the | |
493 first character of the command determines the search direction and the | |
494 second character the type of brace found. | |
495 | |
496 If your '{' or '}' are not in the first column, and you would like to use "[[" | |
497 and "]]" anyway, try these mappings: > | |
498 :map [[ ?{<CR>w99[{ | |
499 :map ][ /}<CR>b99]} | |
500 :map ]] j0[[%/{<CR> | |
501 :map [] k$][%?}<CR> | |
502 [type these literally, see |<>|] | |
503 | |
504 ============================================================================== | |
505 6. Text object selection *object-select* *text-objects* | |
506 *v_a* *v_i* | |
507 | |
508 This is a series of commands that can only be used while in Visual mode or | |
509 after an operator. The commands that start with "a" select "a"n object | |
510 including white space, the commands starting with "i" select an "inner" object | |
511 without white space, or just the white space. Thus the "inner" commands | |
512 always select less text than the "a" commands. | |
513 | |
514 These commands are {not in Vi}. | |
515 These commands are not available when the |+textobjects| feature has been | |
516 disabled at compile time. | |
3713 | 517 Also see `gn` and `gN`, operating on the last search pattern. |
518 | |
7 | 519 *v_aw* *aw* |
520 aw "a word", select [count] words (see |word|). | |
521 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not | |
522 counted. | |
523 When used in Visual linewise mode "aw" switches to | |
524 Visual characterwise mode. | |
525 | |
526 *v_iw* *iw* | |
527 iw "inner word", select [count] words (see |word|). | |
528 White space between words is counted too. | |
529 When used in Visual linewise mode "iw" switches to | |
530 Visual characterwise mode. | |
531 | |
532 *v_aW* *aW* | |
533 aW "a WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|). | |
534 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not | |
535 counted. | |
536 When used in Visual linewise mode "aW" switches to | |
537 Visual characterwise mode. | |
538 | |
539 *v_iW* *iW* | |
540 iW "inner WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|). | |
541 White space between words is counted too. | |
542 When used in Visual linewise mode "iW" switches to | |
543 Visual characterwise mode. | |
544 | |
545 *v_as* *as* | |
546 as "a sentence", select [count] sentences (see | |
547 |sentence|). | |
548 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
549 | |
550 *v_is* *is* | |
551 is "inner sentence", select [count] sentences (see | |
552 |sentence|). | |
553 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
554 | |
555 *v_ap* *ap* | |
556 ap "a paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see | |
557 |paragraph|). | |
558 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space) | |
559 is also a paragraph boundary. | |
560 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise. | |
561 | |
562 *v_ip* *ip* | |
563 ip "inner paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see | |
564 |paragraph|). | |
565 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space) | |
566 is also a paragraph boundary. | |
567 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise. | |
568 | |
569 a] *v_a]* *v_a[* *a]* *a[* | |
570 a[ "a [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This | |
571 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds | |
572 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected, | |
573 including the '[' and ']'. | |
574 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
575 | |
576 i] *v_i]* *v_i[* *i]* *i[* | |
577 i[ "inner [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This | |
578 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds | |
579 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected, | |
580 excluding the '[' and ']'. | |
581 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
582 | |
583 a) *v_a)* *a)* *a(* | |
584 a( *v_ab* *v_a(* *ab* | |
585 ab "a block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" to | |
586 the matching ')', including the '(' and ')' (see | |
587 |[(|). Does not include white space outside of the | |
588 parenthesis. | |
589 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
590 | |
591 i) *v_i)* *i)* *i(* | |
592 i( *v_ib* *v_i(* *ib* | |
593 ib "inner block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" | |
594 to the matching ')', excluding the '(' and ')' (see | |
595 |[(|). | |
596 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
597 | |
598 a> *v_a>* *v_a<* *a>* *a<* | |
599 a< "a <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from the | |
600 [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching | |
601 '>', including the '<' and '>'. | |
602 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
603 | |
604 i> *v_i>* *v_i<* *i>* *i<* | |
605 i< "inner <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from | |
606 the [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching | |
607 '>', excluding the '<' and '>'. | |
608 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
609 | |
422 | 610 *v_at* *at* |
611 at "a tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the | |
612 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching | |
613 "</aaa>", including the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>". | |
614 See |tag-blocks| about the details. | |
615 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
616 | |
617 *v_it* *it* | |
618 it "inner tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the | |
619 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching | |
620 "</aaa>", excluding the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>". | |
621 See |tag-blocks| about the details. | |
622 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
623 | |
7 | 624 a} *v_a}* *a}* *a{* |
625 a{ *v_aB* *v_a{* *aB* | |
626 aB "a Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" to | |
627 the matching '}', including the '{' and '}' (see | |
628 |[{|). | |
629 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
630 | |
631 i} *v_i}* *i}* *i{* | |
632 i{ *v_iB* *v_i{* *iB* | |
633 iB "inner Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" | |
634 to the matching '}', excluding the '{' and '}' (see | |
635 |[{|). | |
636 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
637 | |
12 | 638 a" *v_aquote* *aquote* |
639 a' *v_a'* *a'* | |
640 a` *v_a`* *a`* | |
641 "a quoted string". Selects the text from the previous | |
849 | 642 quote until the next quote. The 'quoteescape' option |
643 is used to skip escaped quotes. | |
644 Only works within one line. | |
12 | 645 When the cursor starts on a quote, Vim will figure out |
646 which quote pairs form a string by searching from the | |
647 start of the line. | |
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648 Any trailing white space is included, unless there is |
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649 none, then leading white space is included. |
12 | 650 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
651 Repeating this object in Visual mode another string is | |
652 included. A count is currently not used. | |
653 | |
654 i" *v_iquote* *iquote* | |
655 i' *v_i'* *i'* | |
656 i` *v_i`* *i`* | |
657 Like a", a' and a`, but exclude the quotes and | |
658 repeating won't extend the Visual selection. | |
527 | 659 Special case: With a count of 2 the quotes are |
660 included, but no extra white space as with a"/a'/a`. | |
12 | 661 |
7 | 662 When used after an operator: |
663 For non-block objects: | |
664 For the "a" commands: The operator applies to the object and the white | |
665 space after the object. If there is no white space after the object | |
666 or when the cursor was in the white space before the object, the white | |
667 space before the object is included. | |
668 For the "inner" commands: If the cursor was on the object, the | |
669 operator applies to the object. If the cursor was on white space, the | |
670 operator applies to the white space. | |
671 For a block object: | |
672 The operator applies to the block where the cursor is in, or the block | |
673 on which the cursor is on one of the braces. For the "inner" commands | |
674 the surrounding braces are excluded. For the "a" commands, the braces | |
675 are included. | |
676 | |
677 When used in Visual mode: | |
678 When start and end of the Visual area are the same (just after typing "v"): | |
679 One object is selected, the same as for using an operator. | |
680 When start and end of the Visual area are not the same: | |
681 For non-block objects the area is extended by one object or the white | |
682 space up to the next object, or both for the "a" objects. The | |
683 direction in which this happens depends on which side of the Visual | |
684 area the cursor is. For the block objects the block is extended one | |
685 level outwards. | |
686 | |
687 For illustration, here is a list of delete commands, grouped from small to big | |
688 objects. Note that for a single character and a whole line the existing vi | |
689 movement commands are used. | |
690 "dl" delete character (alias: "x") |dl| | |
691 "diw" delete inner word *diw* | |
692 "daw" delete a word *daw* | |
693 "diW" delete inner WORD (see |WORD|) *diW* | |
694 "daW" delete a WORD (see |WORD|) *daW* | |
3713 | 695 "dgn" delete the next search pattern match *dgn* |
7 | 696 "dd" delete one line |dd| |
697 "dis" delete inner sentence *dis* | |
698 "das" delete a sentence *das* | |
699 "dib" delete inner '(' ')' block *dib* | |
700 "dab" delete a '(' ')' block *dab* | |
701 "dip" delete inner paragraph *dip* | |
702 "dap" delete a paragraph *dap* | |
703 "diB" delete inner '{' '}' block *diB* | |
704 "daB" delete a '{' '}' block *daB* | |
705 | |
706 Note the difference between using a movement command and an object. The | |
707 movement command operates from here (cursor position) to where the movement | |
708 takes us. When using an object the whole object is operated upon, no matter | |
709 where on the object the cursor is. For example, compare "dw" and "daw": "dw" | |
710 deletes from the cursor position to the start of the next word, "daw" deletes | |
711 the word under the cursor and the space after or before it. | |
712 | |
422 | 713 |
714 Tag blocks *tag-blocks* | |
715 | |
716 For the "it" and "at" text objects an attempt is done to select blocks between | |
717 matching tags for HTML and XML. But since these are not completely compatible | |
718 there are a few restrictions. | |
719 | |
720 The normal method is to select a <tag> until the matching </tag>. For "at" | |
721 the tags are included, for "it" they are excluded. But when "it" is repeated | |
853 | 722 the tags will be included (otherwise nothing would change). Also, "it" used |
723 on a tag block with no contents will select the leading tag. | |
422 | 724 |
725 "<aaa/>" items are skipped. Case is ignored, also for XML where case does | |
726 matter. | |
727 | |
728 In HTML it is possible to have a tag like <br> or <meta ...> without a | |
729 matching end tag. These are ignored. | |
730 | |
731 The text objects are tolerant about mistakes. Stray end tags are ignored. | |
732 | |
7 | 733 ============================================================================== |
734 7. Marks *mark-motions* *E20* *E78* | |
735 | |
736 Jumping to a mark can be done in two ways: | |
737 1. With ` (backtick): The cursor is positioned at the specified location | |
738 and the motion is |exclusive|. | |
739 2. With ' (single quote): The cursor is positioned on the first non-blank | |
740 character in the line of the specified location and | |
741 the motion is linewise. | |
742 | |
743 *m* *mark* *Mark* | |
744 m{a-zA-Z} Set mark {a-zA-Z} at cursor position (does not move | |
745 the cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
746 | |
747 *m'* *m`* | |
748 m' or m` Set the previous context mark. This can be jumped to | |
749 with the "''" or "``" command (does not move the | |
750 cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
751 | |
752 *m[* *m]* | |
753 m[ or m] Set the |'[| or |']| mark. Useful when an operator is | |
754 to be simulated by multiple commands. (does not move | |
755 the cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
756 | |
3682 | 757 *m<* *m>* |
758 m< or m> Set the |'<| or |'>| mark. Useful to change what the | |
759 `gv` command selects. (does not move the cursor, this | |
760 is not a motion command). | |
761 Note that the Visual mode cannot be set, only the | |
762 start and end position. | |
763 | |
7 | 764 *:ma* *:mark* *E191* |
9 | 765 :[range]ma[rk] {a-zA-Z'} |
766 Set mark {a-zA-Z'} at last line number in [range], | |
7 | 767 column 0. Default is cursor line. |
768 | |
769 *:k* | |
9 | 770 :[range]k{a-zA-Z'} Same as :mark, but the space before the mark name can |
7 | 771 be omitted. |
772 | |
773 *'* *'a* *`* *`a* | |
1121 | 774 '{a-z} `{a-z} Jump to the mark {a-z} in the current buffer. |
7 | 775 |
776 *'A* *'0* *`A* *`0* | |
1121 | 777 '{A-Z0-9} `{A-Z0-9} To the mark {A-Z0-9} in the file where it was set (not |
778 a motion command when in another file). {not in Vi} | |
7 | 779 |
780 *g'* *g'a* *g`* *g`a* | |
781 g'{mark} g`{mark} | |
782 Jump to the {mark}, but don't change the jumplist when | |
783 jumping within the current buffer. Example: > | |
784 g`" | |
785 < jumps to the last known position in a file. See | |
9 | 786 $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim. |
787 Also see |:keepjumps|. | |
788 {not in Vi} | |
7 | 789 |
790 *:marks* | |
791 :marks List all the current marks (not a motion command). | |
792 The |'(|, |')|, |'{| and |'}| marks are not listed. | |
843 | 793 The first column has number zero. |
7 | 794 {not in Vi} |
795 *E283* | |
796 :marks {arg} List the marks that are mentioned in {arg} (not a | |
797 motion command). For example: > | |
798 :marks aB | |
799 < to list marks 'a' and 'B'. {not in Vi} | |
800 | |
24 | 801 *:delm* *:delmarks* |
856 | 802 :delm[arks] {marks} Delete the specified marks. Marks that can be deleted |
24 | 803 include A-Z and 0-9. You cannot delete the ' mark. |
804 They can be specified by giving the list of mark | |
805 names, or with a range, separated with a dash. Spaces | |
806 are ignored. Examples: > | |
807 :delmarks a deletes mark a | |
808 :delmarks a b 1 deletes marks a, b and 1 | |
809 :delmarks Aa deletes marks A and a | |
810 :delmarks p-z deletes marks in the range p to z | |
811 :delmarks ^.[] deletes marks ^ . [ ] | |
812 :delmarks \" deletes mark " | |
813 < {not in Vi} | |
814 | |
815 :delm[arks]! Delete all marks for the current buffer, but not marks | |
816 A-Z or 0-9. | |
817 {not in Vi} | |
818 | |
7 | 819 A mark is not visible in any way. It is just a position in the file that is |
820 remembered. Do not confuse marks with named registers, they are totally | |
821 unrelated. | |
822 | |
823 'a - 'z lowercase marks, valid within one file | |
824 'A - 'Z uppercase marks, also called file marks, valid between files | |
825 '0 - '9 numbered marks, set from .viminfo file | |
826 | |
827 Lowercase marks 'a to 'z are remembered as long as the file remains in the | |
828 buffer list. If you remove the file from the buffer list, all its marks are | |
829 lost. If you delete a line that contains a mark, that mark is erased. | |
830 | |
831 Lowercase marks can be used in combination with operators. For example: "d't" | |
832 deletes the lines from the cursor position to mark 't'. Hint: Use mark 't' for | |
833 Top, 'b' for Bottom, etc.. Lowercase marks are restored when using undo and | |
834 redo. | |
835 | |
836 Uppercase marks 'A to 'Z include the file name. {Vi: no uppercase marks} You | |
837 can use them to jump from file to file. You can only use an uppercase mark | |
838 with an operator if the mark is in the current file. The line number of the | |
839 mark remains correct, even if you insert/delete lines or edit another file for | |
840 a moment. When the 'viminfo' option is not empty, uppercase marks are kept in | |
841 the .viminfo file. See |viminfo-file-marks|. | |
842 | |
843 Numbered marks '0 to '9 are quite different. They can not be set directly. | |
844 They are only present when using a viminfo file |viminfo-file|. Basically '0 | |
845 is the location of the cursor when you last exited Vim, '1 the last but one | |
846 time, etc. Use the "r" flag in 'viminfo' to specify files for which no | |
847 Numbered mark should be stored. See |viminfo-file-marks|. | |
848 | |
849 | |
850 *'[* *`[* | |
851 '[ `[ To the first character of the previously changed | |
852 or yanked text. {not in Vi} | |
853 | |
854 *']* *`]* | |
855 '] `] To the last character of the previously changed or | |
856 yanked text. {not in Vi} | |
857 | |
858 After executing an operator the Cursor is put at the beginning of the text | |
859 that was operated upon. After a put command ("p" or "P") the cursor is | |
860 sometimes placed at the first inserted line and sometimes on the last inserted | |
861 character. The four commands above put the cursor at either end. Example: | |
862 After yanking 10 lines you want to go to the last one of them: "10Y']". After | |
863 inserting several lines with the "p" command you want to jump to the lowest | |
864 inserted line: "p']". This also works for text that has been inserted. | |
865 | |
866 Note: After deleting text, the start and end positions are the same, except | |
867 when using blockwise Visual mode. These commands do not work when no change | |
868 was made yet in the current file. | |
869 | |
870 *'<* *`<* | |
1698 | 871 '< `< To the first line or character of the last selected |
872 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it | |
873 may also be the last character in the first line (to | |
874 be able to define the block). {not in Vi}. | |
7 | 875 |
876 *'>* *`>* | |
1698 | 877 '> `> To the last line or character of the last selected |
878 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it | |
879 may also be the first character of the last line (to | |
880 be able to define the block). Note that 'selection' | |
856 | 881 applies, the position may be just after the Visual |
882 area. {not in Vi}. | |
7 | 883 |
884 *''* *``* | |
36 | 885 '' `` To the position before the latest jump, or where the |
886 last "m'" or "m`" command was given. Not set when the | |
7 | 887 |:keepjumps| command modifier was used. |
888 Also see |restore-position|. | |
889 | |
890 *'quote* *`quote* | |
891 '" `" To the cursor position when last exiting the current | |
892 buffer. Defaults to the first character of the first | |
893 line. See |last-position-jump| for how to use this | |
894 for each opened file. | |
895 Only one position is remembered per buffer, not one | |
896 for each window. As long as the buffer is visible in | |
897 a window the position won't be changed. | |
898 {not in Vi}. | |
899 | |
900 *'^* *`^* | |
901 '^ `^ To the position where the cursor was the last time | |
42 | 902 when Insert mode was stopped. This is used by the |
903 |gi| command. Not set when the |:keepjumps| command | |
7 | 904 modifier was used. {not in Vi} |
905 | |
906 *'.* *`.* | |
907 '. `. To the position where the last change was made. The | |
908 position is at or near where the change started. | |
909 Sometimes a command is executed as several changes, | |
910 then the position can be near the end of what the | |
911 command changed. For example when inserting a word, | |
912 the position will be on the last character. | |
913 {not in Vi} | |
914 | |
915 *'(* *`(* | |
916 '( `( To the start of the current sentence, like the |(| | |
917 command. {not in Vi} | |
918 | |
919 *')* *`)* | |
920 ') `) To the end of the current sentence, like the |)| | |
921 command. {not in Vi} | |
922 | |
923 *'{* *`{* | |
924 '{ `{ To the start of the current paragraph, like the |{| | |
925 command. {not in Vi} | |
926 | |
927 *'}* *`}* | |
928 '} `} To the end of the current paragraph, like the |}| | |
929 command. {not in Vi} | |
930 | |
931 These commands are not marks themselves, but jump to a mark: | |
932 | |
933 *]'* | |
934 ]' [count] times to next line with a lowercase mark below | |
935 the cursor, on the first non-blank character in the | |
936 line. {not in Vi} | |
937 | |
938 *]`* | |
939 ]` [count] times to lowercase mark after the cursor. {not | |
940 in Vi} | |
941 | |
942 *['* | |
943 [' [count] times to previous line with a lowercase mark | |
944 before the cursor, on the first non-blank character in | |
945 the line. {not in Vi} | |
946 | |
947 *[`* | |
948 [` [count] times to lowercase mark before the cursor. | |
949 {not in Vi} | |
950 | |
951 | |
952 :loc[kmarks] {command} *:loc* *:lockmarks* | |
953 Execute {command} without adjusting marks. This is | |
954 useful when changing text in a way that the line count | |
955 will be the same when the change has completed. | |
956 WARNING: When the line count does change, marks below | |
957 the change will keep their line number, thus move to | |
958 another text line. | |
959 These items will not be adjusted for deleted/inserted | |
960 lines: | |
961 - lower case letter marks 'a - 'z | |
962 - upper case letter marks 'A - 'Z | |
963 - numbered marks '0 - '9 | |
964 - last insert position '^ | |
965 - last change position '. | |
966 - the Visual area '< and '> | |
967 - line numbers in placed signs | |
968 - line numbers in quickfix positions | |
969 - positions in the |jumplist| | |
970 - positions in the |tagstack| | |
971 These items will still be adjusted: | |
972 - previous context mark '' | |
973 - the cursor position | |
974 - the view of a window on a buffer | |
975 - folds | |
976 - diffs | |
977 | |
978 :kee[pmarks] {command} *:kee* *:keepmarks* | |
979 Currently only has effect for the filter command | |
980 |:range!|: | |
981 - When the number of lines after filtering is equal to | |
982 or larger than before, all marks are kept at the | |
983 same line number. | |
984 - When the number of lines decreases, the marks in the | |
9 | 985 lines that disappeared are deleted. |
7 | 986 In any case the marks below the filtered text have |
987 their line numbers adjusted, thus stick to the text, | |
988 as usual. | |
989 When the 'R' flag is missing from 'cpoptions' this has | |
990 the same effect as using ":keepmarks". | |
991 | |
992 *:keepj* *:keepjumps* | |
993 :keepj[umps] {command} | |
9 | 994 Moving around in {command} does not change the |''|, |
995 |'.| and |'^| marks, the |jumplist| or the | |
996 |changelist|. | |
997 Useful when making a change or inserting text | |
998 automatically and the user doesn't want to go to this | |
999 position. E.g., when updating a "Last change" | |
1000 timestamp in the first line: > | |
1001 | |
586 | 1002 :let lnum = line(".") |
9 | 1003 :keepjumps normal gg |
1004 :call SetLastChange() | |
1005 :keepjumps exe "normal " . lnum . "G" | |
1006 < | |
1007 Note that ":keepjumps" must be used for every command. | |
1008 When invoking a function the commands in that function | |
856 | 1009 can still change the jumplist. Also, for |
85 | 1010 ":keepjumps exe 'command '" the "command" won't keep |
1011 jumps. Instead use: ":exe 'keepjumps command'" | |
7 | 1012 |
1013 ============================================================================== | |
1014 8. Jumps *jump-motions* | |
1015 | |
1016 A "jump" is one of the following commands: "'", "`", "G", "/", "?", "n", | |
1017 "N", "%", "(", ")", "[[", "]]", "{", "}", ":s", ":tag", "L", "M", "H" and | |
1018 the commands that start editing a new file. If you make the cursor "jump" | |
1019 with one of these commands, the position of the cursor before the jump is | |
1020 remembered. You can return to that position with the "''" and "``" command, | |
1021 unless the line containing that position was changed or deleted. | |
1022 | |
1023 *CTRL-O* | |
1024 CTRL-O Go to [count] Older cursor position in jump list | |
1025 (not a motion command). {not in Vi} | |
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1026 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
7 | 1027 |
1028 <Tab> or *CTRL-I* *<Tab>* | |
1029 CTRL-I Go to [count] newer cursor position in jump list | |
1030 (not a motion command). | |
1031 {not in Vi} | |
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71b56b4e7785
Make the references to features in the help more consistent. (Sylvain Hitier)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2561
diff
changeset
|
1032 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
7 | 1033 |
1034 *:ju* *:jumps* | |
1035 :ju[mps] Print the jump list (not a motion command). {not in | |
2570
71b56b4e7785
Make the references to features in the help more consistent. (Sylvain Hitier)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2561
diff
changeset
|
1036 Vi} {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
7 | 1037 |
1038 *jumplist* | |
1039 Jumps are remembered in a jump list. With the CTRL-O and CTRL-I command you | |
1040 can go to cursor positions before older jumps, and back again. Thus you can | |
1041 move up and down the list. There is a separate jump list for each window. | |
1042 The maximum number of entries is fixed at 100. | |
2570
71b56b4e7785
Make the references to features in the help more consistent. (Sylvain Hitier)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2561
diff
changeset
|
1043 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
7 | 1044 |
1045 For example, after three jump commands you have this jump list: | |
1046 | |
2681 | 1047 jump line col file/text ~ |
7 | 1048 3 1 0 some text ~ |
1049 2 70 0 another line ~ | |
1050 1 1154 23 end. ~ | |
1051 > ~ | |
1052 | |
2681 | 1053 The "file/text" column shows the file name, or the text at the jump if it is |
7 | 1054 in the current file (an indent is removed and a long line is truncated to fit |
1055 in the window). | |
1056 | |
1057 You are currently in line 1167. If you then use the CTRL-O command, the | |
1058 cursor is put in line 1154. This results in: | |
1059 | |
2681 | 1060 jump line col file/text ~ |
7 | 1061 2 1 0 some text ~ |
1062 1 70 0 another line ~ | |
1063 > 0 1154 23 end. ~ | |
1064 1 1167 0 foo bar ~ | |
1065 | |
1066 The pointer will be set at the last used jump position. The next CTRL-O | |
1067 command will use the entry above it, the next CTRL-I command will use the | |
1068 entry below it. If the pointer is below the last entry, this indicates that | |
1069 you did not use a CTRL-I or CTRL-O before. In this case the CTRL-O command | |
1070 will cause the cursor position to be added to the jump list, so you can get | |
1071 back to the position before the CTRL-O. In this case this is line 1167. | |
1072 | |
1073 With more CTRL-O commands you will go to lines 70 and 1. If you use CTRL-I | |
1074 you can go back to 1154 and 1167 again. Note that the number in the "jump" | |
1075 column indicates the count for the CTRL-O or CTRL-I command that takes you to | |
1076 this position. | |
1077 | |
1078 If you use a jump command, the current line number is inserted at the end of | |
1079 the jump list. If the same line was already in the jump list, it is removed. | |
1080 The result is that when repeating CTRL-O you will get back to old positions | |
1081 only once. | |
1082 | |
1083 When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used, jumps are not stored in the | |
836 | 1084 jumplist. Jumps are also not stored in other cases, e.g., in a |:global| |
1085 command. You can explicitly add a jump by setting the ' mark. | |
7 | 1086 |
1087 After the CTRL-O command that got you into line 1154 you could give another | |
1088 jump command (e.g., "G"). The jump list would then become: | |
1089 | |
2681 | 1090 jump line col file/text ~ |
7 | 1091 4 1 0 some text ~ |
1092 3 70 0 another line ~ | |
1093 2 1167 0 foo bar ~ | |
1094 1 1154 23 end. ~ | |
1095 > ~ | |
1096 | |
1097 The line numbers will be adjusted for deleted and inserted lines. This fails | |
1098 if you stop editing a file without writing, like with ":n!". | |
1099 | |
1100 When you split a window, the jumplist will be copied to the new window. | |
1101 | |
1102 If you have included the ' item in the 'viminfo' option the jumplist will be | |
1103 stored in the viminfo file and restored when starting Vim. | |
1104 | |
1105 | |
1106 CHANGE LIST JUMPS *changelist* *change-list-jumps* *E664* | |
1107 | |
1108 When making a change the cursor position is remembered. One position is | |
1109 remembered for every change that can be undone, unless it is close to a | |
1110 previous change. Two commands can be used to jump to positions of changes, | |
1111 also those that have been undone: | |
1112 | |
1113 *g;* *E662* | |
1114 g; Go to [count] older position in change list. | |
1115 If [count] is larger than the number of older change | |
1116 positions go to the oldest change. | |
1117 If there is no older change an error message is given. | |
1118 (not a motion command) | |
1119 {not in Vi} | |
2570
71b56b4e7785
Make the references to features in the help more consistent. (Sylvain Hitier)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2561
diff
changeset
|
1120 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
7 | 1121 |
1122 *g,* *E663* | |
1123 g, Go to [count] newer cursor position in change list. | |
236 | 1124 Just like |g;| but in the opposite direction. |
7 | 1125 (not a motion command) |
1126 {not in Vi} | |
2570
71b56b4e7785
Make the references to features in the help more consistent. (Sylvain Hitier)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2561
diff
changeset
|
1127 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
7 | 1128 |
1129 When using a count you jump as far back or forward as possible. Thus you can | |
1130 use "999g;" to go to the first change for which the position is still | |
1131 remembered. The number of entries in the change list is fixed and is the same | |
1132 as for the |jumplist|. | |
1133 | |
1134 When two undo-able changes are in the same line and at a column position less | |
1135 than 'textwidth' apart only the last one is remembered. This avoids that a | |
1136 sequence of small changes in a line, for example "xxxxx", adds many positions | |
1137 to the change list. When 'textwidth' is zero 'wrapmargin' is used. When that | |
1138 also isn't set a fixed number of 79 is used. Detail: For the computations | |
1139 bytes are used, not characters, to avoid a speed penalty (this only matters | |
1140 for multi-byte encodings). | |
1141 | |
1142 Note that when text has been inserted or deleted the cursor position might be | |
1143 a bit different from the position of the change. Especially when lines have | |
1144 been deleted. | |
1145 | |
1146 When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used the position of a change is not | |
1147 remembered. | |
1148 | |
1149 *:changes* | |
1150 :changes Print the change list. A ">" character indicates the | |
1151 current position. Just after a change it is below the | |
1152 newest entry, indicating that "g;" takes you to the | |
1153 newest entry position. The first column indicates the | |
1154 count needed to take you to this position. Example: | |
1155 | |
1156 change line col text ~ | |
1157 3 9 8 bla bla bla | |
1158 2 11 57 foo is a bar | |
1159 1 14 54 the latest changed line | |
1160 > | |
1161 | |
1162 The "3g;" command takes you to line 9. Then the | |
1163 output of ":changes is: | |
1164 | |
1165 change line col text ~ | |
1166 > 0 9 8 bla bla bla | |
1167 1 11 57 foo is a bar | |
1168 2 14 54 the latest changed line | |
1169 | |
1170 Now you can use "g," to go to line 11 and "2g," to go | |
1171 to line 14. | |
1172 | |
1173 ============================================================================== | |
1174 9. Various motions *various-motions* | |
1175 | |
1176 *%* | |
1177 % Find the next item in this line after or under the | |
1178 cursor and jump to its match. |inclusive| motion. | |
1179 Items can be: | |
1180 ([{}]) parenthesis or (curly/square) brackets | |
1181 (this can be changed with the | |
1182 'matchpairs' option) | |
1183 /* */ start or end of C-style comment | |
1184 #if, #ifdef, #else, #elif, #endif | |
1185 C preprocessor conditionals (when the | |
1186 cursor is on the # or no ([{ | |
1187 following) | |
1188 For other items the matchit plugin can be used, see | |
1621 | 1189 |matchit-install|. This plugin also helps to skip |
1190 matches in comments. | |
7 | 1191 |
1192 When 'cpoptions' contains "M" |cpo-M| backslashes | |
1193 before parens and braces are ignored. Without "M" the | |
1194 number of backslashes matters: an even number doesn't | |
1195 match with an odd number. Thus in "( \) )" and "\( ( | |
1196 \)" the first and last parenthesis match. | |
1621 | 1197 |
7 | 1198 When the '%' character is not present in 'cpoptions' |
1199 |cpo-%|, parens and braces inside double quotes are | |
1200 ignored, unless the number of parens/braces in a line | |
1201 is uneven and this line and the previous one does not | |
1202 end in a backslash. '(', '{', '[', ']', '}' and ')' | |
1203 are also ignored (parens and braces inside single | |
1204 quotes). Note that this works fine for C, but not for | |
1205 Perl, where single quotes are used for strings. | |
1621 | 1206 |
1207 Nothing special is done for matches in comments. You | |
1208 can either use the matchit plugin |matchit-install| or | |
1209 put quotes around matches. | |
1210 | |
1211 No count is allowed, {count}% jumps to a line {count} | |
1212 percentage down the file |N%|. Using '%' on | |
7 | 1213 #if/#else/#endif makes the movement linewise. |
1214 | |
1215 *[(* | |
1216 [( go to [count] previous unmatched '('. | |
1217 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
1218 | |
1219 *[{* | |
1220 [{ go to [count] previous unmatched '{'. | |
1221 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
1222 | |
1223 *])* | |
1224 ]) go to [count] next unmatched ')'. | |
1225 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
1226 | |
1227 *]}* | |
1228 ]} go to [count] next unmatched '}'. | |
1229 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
1230 | |
1231 The above four commands can be used to go to the start or end of the current | |
1232 code block. It is like doing "%" on the '(', ')', '{' or '}' at the other | |
1233 end of the code block, but you can do this from anywhere in the code block. | |
1234 Very useful for C programs. Example: When standing on "case x:", "[{" will | |
1235 bring you back to the switch statement. | |
1236 | |
1237 *]m* | |
1238 ]m Go to [count] next start of a method (for Java or | |
1239 similar structured language). When not before the | |
1240 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
1241 class. When no '{' is found after the cursor, this is | |
1242 an error. |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
1243 *]M* | |
1244 ]M Go to [count] next end of a method (for Java or | |
1245 similar structured language). When not before the end | |
1246 of a method, jump to the start or end of the class. | |
1247 When no '}' is found after the cursor, this is an | |
1248 error. |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
1249 *[m* | |
1250 [m Go to [count] previous start of a method (for Java or | |
1251 similar structured language). When not after the | |
1252 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
1253 class. When no '{' is found before the cursor this is | |
1254 an error. |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
1255 *[M* | |
1256 [M Go to [count] previous end of a method (for Java or | |
1257 similar structured language). When not after the | |
1258 end of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
1259 class. When no '}' is found before the cursor this is | |
1260 an error. |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
1261 | |
1262 The above two commands assume that the file contains a class with methods. | |
1263 The class definition is surrounded in '{' and '}'. Each method in the class | |
1264 is also surrounded with '{' and '}'. This applies to the Java language. The | |
1265 file looks like this: > | |
1266 | |
1267 // comment | |
1268 class foo { | |
1269 int method_one() { | |
1270 body_one(); | |
1271 } | |
1272 int method_two() { | |
1273 body_two(); | |
1274 } | |
1275 } | |
1276 Starting with the cursor on "body_two()", using "[m" will jump to the '{' at | |
1277 the start of "method_two()" (obviously this is much more useful when the | |
1278 method is long!). Using "2[m" will jump to the start of "method_one()". | |
1279 Using "3[m" will jump to the start of the class. | |
1280 | |
1281 *[#* | |
1282 [# go to [count] previous unmatched "#if" or "#else". | |
1283 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
1284 | |
1285 *]#* | |
1286 ]# go to [count] next unmatched "#else" or "#endif". | |
1287 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
1288 | |
1289 These two commands work in C programs that contain #if/#else/#endif | |
1290 constructs. It brings you to the start or end of the #if/#else/#endif where | |
1291 the current line is included. You can then use "%" to go to the matching line. | |
1292 | |
1293 *[star* *[/* | |
1294 [* or [/ go to [count] previous start of a C comment "/*". | |
1295 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
1296 | |
1297 *]star* *]/* | |
1298 ]* or ]/ go to [count] next end of a C comment "*/". | |
1299 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
1300 | |
1301 | |
1302 *H* | |
1303 H To line [count] from top (Home) of window (default: | |
1304 first line on the window) on the first non-blank | |
1305 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
1306 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option. | |
1307 | |
1308 *M* | |
1309 M To Middle line of window, on the first non-blank | |
1310 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
1311 | |
1312 *L* | |
1313 L To line [count] from bottom of window (default: Last | |
1314 line on the window) on the first non-blank character | |
1315 |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
1316 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option. | |
1317 | |
1318 <LeftMouse> Moves to the position on the screen where the mouse | |
36 | 1319 click is |exclusive|. See also |<LeftMouse>|. If the |
7 | 1320 position is in a status line, that window is made the |
1321 active window and the cursor is not moved. {not in Vi} | |
1322 | |
1323 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |