Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/motion.txt @ 16553:0e473e9e70c2 v8.1.1280
patch 8.1.1280: remarks about functionality not in Vi clutters the help
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/25c9c680ec4dfbb51f4ef21c3460a48d3c67ffc8
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Sun May 5 18:13:34 2019 +0200
patch 8.1.1280: remarks about functionality not in Vi clutters the help
Problem: Remarks about functionality not in Vi clutters the help.
Solution: Move all info about what is new in Vim or already existed in Vi to
vi_diff.txt. Remove {not in Vi} remarks. (closes #4268) Add
"noet" to the help files modeline. Also include many other help
file improvements.
author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
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date | Sun, 05 May 2019 18:15:06 +0200 |
parents | dc766e1b0c95 |
children | 1eaf34420bb3 |
rev | line source |
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1 *motion.txt* For Vim version 8.1. Last change: 2019 May 05 |
7 | 2 |
3 | |
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
5 | |
6 | |
7 Cursor motions *cursor-motions* *navigation* | |
8 | |
9 These commands move the cursor position. If the new position is off of the | |
10 screen, the screen is scrolled to show the cursor (see also 'scrolljump' and | |
11 'scrolloff' options). | |
12 | |
13 1. Motions and operators |operator| | |
14 2. Left-right motions |left-right-motions| | |
15 3. Up-down motions |up-down-motions| | |
16 4. Word motions |word-motions| | |
17 5. Text object motions |object-motions| | |
18 6. Text object selection |object-select| | |
19 7. Marks |mark-motions| | |
20 8. Jumps |jump-motions| | |
21 9. Various motions |various-motions| | |
22 | |
23 General remarks: | |
24 | |
25 If you want to know where you are in the file use the "CTRL-G" command | |
26 |CTRL-G| or the "g CTRL-G" command |g_CTRL-G|. If you set the 'ruler' option, | |
27 the cursor position is continuously shown in the status line (which slows down | |
28 Vim a little). | |
29 | |
30 Experienced users prefer the hjkl keys because they are always right under | |
31 their fingers. Beginners often prefer the arrow keys, because they do not | |
32 know what the hjkl keys do. The mnemonic value of hjkl is clear from looking | |
33 at the keyboard. Think of j as an arrow pointing downwards. | |
34 | |
35 The 'virtualedit' option can be set to make it possible to move the cursor to | |
36 positions where there is no character or halfway a character. | |
37 | |
38 ============================================================================== | |
39 1. Motions and operators *operator* | |
40 | |
41 The motion commands can be used after an operator command, to have the command | |
42 operate on the text that was moved over. That is the text between the cursor | |
43 position before and after the motion. Operators are generally used to delete | |
44 or change text. The following operators are available: | |
45 | |
46 |c| c change | |
47 |d| d delete | |
48 |y| y yank into register (does not change the text) | |
49 |~| ~ swap case (only if 'tildeop' is set) | |
50 |g~| g~ swap case | |
51 |gu| gu make lowercase | |
52 |gU| gU make uppercase | |
53 |!| ! filter through an external program | |
54 |=| = filter through 'equalprg' or C-indenting if empty | |
55 |gq| gq text formatting | |
56 |g?| g? ROT13 encoding | |
57 |>| > shift right | |
58 |<| < shift left | |
59 |zf| zf define a fold | |
3713 | 60 |g@| g@ call function set with the 'operatorfunc' option |
7 | 61 |
62 If the motion includes a count and the operator also had a count before it, | |
63 the two counts are multiplied. For example: "2d3w" deletes six words. | |
64 | |
65 After applying the operator the cursor is mostly left at the start of the text | |
66 that was operated upon. For example, "yfe" doesn't move the cursor, but "yFe" | |
67 moves the cursor leftwards to the "e" where the yank started. | |
68 | |
69 *linewise* *characterwise* | |
70 The operator either affects whole lines, or the characters between the start | |
71 and end position. Generally, motions that move between lines affect lines | |
72 (are linewise), and motions that move within a line affect characters (are | |
73 characterwise). However, there are some exceptions. | |
74 | |
75 *exclusive* *inclusive* | |
456 | 76 A character motion is either inclusive or exclusive. When inclusive, the |
77 start and end position of the motion are included in the operation. When | |
78 exclusive, the last character towards the end of the buffer is not included. | |
79 Linewise motions always include the start and end position. | |
7 | 80 |
456 | 81 Which motions are linewise, inclusive or exclusive is mentioned with the |
82 command. There are however, two general exceptions: | |
7 | 83 1. If the motion is exclusive and the end of the motion is in column 1, the |
84 end of the motion is moved to the end of the previous line and the motion | |
85 becomes inclusive. Example: "}" moves to the first line after a paragraph, | |
86 but "d}" will not include that line. | |
20 | 87 *exclusive-linewise* |
7 | 88 2. If the motion is exclusive, the end of the motion is in column 1 and the |
89 start of the motion was at or before the first non-blank in the line, the | |
90 motion becomes linewise. Example: If a paragraph begins with some blanks | |
91 and you do "d}" while standing on the first non-blank, all the lines of | |
92 the paragraph are deleted, including the blanks. If you do a put now, the | |
93 deleted lines will be inserted below the cursor position. | |
94 | |
95 Note that when the operator is pending (the operator command is typed, but the | |
96 motion isn't yet), a special set of mappings can be used. See |:omap|. | |
97 | |
98 Instead of first giving the operator and then a motion you can use Visual | |
99 mode: mark the start of the text with "v", move the cursor to the end of the | |
100 text that is to be affected and then hit the operator. The text between the | |
101 start and the cursor position is highlighted, so you can see what text will | |
102 be operated upon. This allows much more freedom, but requires more key | |
103 strokes and has limited redo functionality. See the chapter on Visual mode | |
104 |Visual-mode|. | |
105 | |
106 You can use a ":" command for a motion. For example "d:call FindEnd()". | |
4229 | 107 But this can't be repeated with "." if the command is more than one line. |
7 | 108 This can be repeated: > |
109 d:call search("f")<CR> | |
110 This cannot be repeated: > | |
111 d:if 1<CR> | |
112 call search("f")<CR> | |
113 endif<CR> | |
4229 | 114 Note that when using ":" any motion becomes characterwise exclusive. |
7 | 115 |
15281 | 116 *forced-motion* |
7 | 117 FORCING A MOTION TO BE LINEWISE, CHARACTERWISE OR BLOCKWISE |
118 | |
119 When a motion is not of the type you would like to use, you can force another | |
120 type by using "v", "V" or CTRL-V just after the operator. | |
121 Example: > | |
122 dj | |
123 deletes two lines > | |
124 dvj | |
125 deletes from the cursor position until the character below the cursor > | |
126 d<C-V>j | |
127 deletes the character under the cursor and the character below the cursor. > | |
128 | |
129 Be careful with forcing a linewise movement to be used characterwise or | |
130 blockwise, the column may not always be defined. | |
131 | |
132 *o_v* | |
133 v When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
134 the operator to work characterwise, also when the motion is | |
135 linewise. If the motion was linewise, it will become | |
136 |exclusive|. | |
137 If the motion already was characterwise, toggle | |
138 inclusive/exclusive. This can be used to make an exclusive | |
139 motion inclusive and an inclusive motion exclusive. | |
140 | |
141 *o_V* | |
142 V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
143 the operator to work linewise, also when the motion is | |
144 characterwise. | |
145 | |
146 *o_CTRL-V* | |
147 CTRL-V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
148 the operator to work blockwise. This works like Visual block | |
149 mode selection, with the corners defined by the cursor | |
150 position before and after the motion. | |
151 | |
152 ============================================================================== | |
153 2. Left-right motions *left-right-motions* | |
154 | |
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155 These commands move the cursor to the specified column in the current line. |
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156 They stop at the first column and at the end of the line, except "$", which |
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157 may move to one of the next lines. See 'whichwrap' option to make some of the |
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158 commands move across line boundaries. |
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159 |
7 | 160 h or *h* |
161 <Left> or *<Left>* | |
162 CTRL-H or *CTRL-H* *<BS>* | |
163 <BS> [count] characters to the left. |exclusive| motion. | |
164 Note: If you prefer <BS> to delete a character, use | |
165 the mapping: | |
166 :map CTRL-V<BS> X | |
167 (to enter "CTRL-V<BS>" type the CTRL-V key, followed | |
168 by the <BS> key) | |
169 See |:fixdel| if the <BS> key does not do what you | |
170 want. | |
171 | |
172 l or *l* | |
173 <Right> or *<Right>* *<Space>* | |
174 <Space> [count] characters to the right. |exclusive| motion. | |
6823 | 175 See the 'whichwrap' option for adjusting the behavior |
176 at end of line | |
7 | 177 |
178 *0* | |
179 0 To the first character of the line. |exclusive| | |
1121 | 180 motion. |
7 | 181 |
182 *<Home>* *<kHome>* | |
183 <Home> To the first character of the line. |exclusive| | |
1121 | 184 motion. When moving up or down next, stay in same |
185 TEXT column (if possible). Most other commands stay | |
186 in the same SCREEN column. <Home> works like "1|", | |
187 which differs from "0" when the line starts with a | |
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188 <Tab>. |
7 | 189 |
190 *^* | |
191 ^ To the first non-blank character of the line. | |
192 |exclusive| motion. | |
193 | |
194 *$* *<End>* *<kEnd>* | |
195 $ or <End> To the end of the line. When a count is given also go | |
11160 | 196 [count - 1] lines downward. |inclusive| motion. |
7 | 197 In Visual mode the cursor goes to just after the last |
198 character in the line. | |
199 When 'virtualedit' is active, "$" may move the cursor | |
200 back from past the end of the line to the last | |
201 character in the line. | |
202 | |
203 *g_* | |
204 g_ To the last non-blank character of the line and | |
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205 [count - 1] lines downward |inclusive|. |
7 | 206 |
207 *g0* *g<Home>* | |
208 g0 or g<Home> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first character of | |
209 the screen line. |exclusive| motion. Differs from | |
210 "0" when a line is wider than the screen. | |
211 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost | |
212 character of the current line that is on the screen. | |
213 Differs from "0" when the first character of the line | |
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214 is not on the screen. |
7 | 215 |
216 *g^* | |
217 g^ When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first non-blank | |
218 character of the screen line. |exclusive| motion. | |
219 Differs from "^" when a line is wider than the screen. | |
220 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost | |
221 non-blank character of the current line that is on the | |
222 screen. Differs from "^" when the first non-blank | |
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223 character of the line is not on the screen. |
7 | 224 |
225 *gm* | |
226 gm Like "g0", but half a screenwidth to the right (or as | |
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227 much as possible). |
7 | 228 |
229 *g$* *g<End>* | |
230 g$ or g<End> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the last character of | |
231 the screen line and [count - 1] screen lines downward | |
232 |inclusive|. Differs from "$" when a line is wider | |
233 than the screen. | |
234 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the rightmost | |
235 character of the current line that is visible on the | |
236 screen. Differs from "$" when the last character of | |
237 the line is not on the screen or when a count is used. | |
238 Additionally, vertical movements keep the column, | |
239 instead of going to the end of the line. | |
5220 | 240 When 'virtualedit' is enabled moves to the end of the |
241 screen line. | |
7 | 242 |
243 *bar* | |
244 | To screen column [count] in the current line. | |
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245 |exclusive| motion. Ceci n'est pas une pipe. |
7 | 246 |
247 *f* | |
248 f{char} To [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the right. The | |
249 cursor is placed on {char} |inclusive|. | |
250 {char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|. | |
251 When 'encoding' is set to Unicode, composing | |
252 characters may be used, see |utf-8-char-arg|. | |
253 |:lmap| mappings apply to {char}. The CTRL-^ command | |
254 in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off | |
255 |i_CTRL-^|. | |
256 | |
257 *F* | |
258 F{char} To the [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the left. | |
456 | 259 The cursor is placed on {char} |exclusive|. |
7 | 260 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. |
261 | |
262 *t* | |
263 t{char} Till before [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the | |
264 right. The cursor is placed on the character left of | |
265 {char} |inclusive|. | |
266 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. | |
267 | |
268 *T* | |
269 T{char} Till after [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the | |
270 left. The cursor is placed on the character right of | |
456 | 271 {char} |exclusive|. |
7 | 272 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. |
273 | |
274 *;* | |
2925 | 275 ; Repeat latest f, t, F or T [count] times. See |cpo-;| |
7 | 276 |
277 *,* | |
278 , Repeat latest f, t, F or T in opposite direction | |
2925 | 279 [count] times. See also |cpo-;| |
7 | 280 |
281 ============================================================================== | |
282 3. Up-down motions *up-down-motions* | |
283 | |
284 k or *k* | |
285 <Up> or *<Up>* *CTRL-P* | |
286 CTRL-P [count] lines upward |linewise|. | |
287 | |
288 j or *j* | |
289 <Down> or *<Down>* | |
290 CTRL-J or *CTRL-J* | |
291 <NL> or *<NL>* *CTRL-N* | |
292 CTRL-N [count] lines downward |linewise|. | |
293 | |
294 gk or *gk* *g<Up>* | |
295 g<Up> [count] display lines upward. |exclusive| motion. | |
296 Differs from 'k' when lines wrap, and when used with | |
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297 an operator, because it's not linewise. |
7 | 298 |
299 gj or *gj* *g<Down>* | |
300 g<Down> [count] display lines downward. |exclusive| motion. | |
301 Differs from 'j' when lines wrap, and when used with | |
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302 an operator, because it's not linewise. |
7 | 303 |
304 *-* | |
305 - <minus> [count] lines upward, on the first non-blank | |
306 character |linewise|. | |
307 | |
308 + or *+* | |
309 CTRL-M or *CTRL-M* *<CR>* | |
310 <CR> [count] lines downward, on the first non-blank | |
311 character |linewise|. | |
312 | |
313 *_* | |
314 _ <underscore> [count] - 1 lines downward, on the first non-blank | |
315 character |linewise|. | |
316 | |
317 *G* | |
318 G Goto line [count], default last line, on the first | |
319 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not | |
320 set, keep the same column. | |
16023 | 321 G is one of the |jump-motions|. |
7 | 322 |
323 *<C-End>* | |
324 <C-End> Goto line [count], default last line, on the last | |
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325 character |inclusive|. |
7 | 326 |
327 <C-Home> or *gg* *<C-Home>* | |
328 gg Goto line [count], default first line, on the first | |
329 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not | |
330 set, keep the same column. | |
331 | |
3750 | 332 *:[range]* |
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333 :[range] Set the cursor on the last line number in [range]. |
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334 [range] can also be just one line number, e.g., ":1" |
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335 or ":'m". |
2152 | 336 In contrast with |G| this command does not modify the |
337 |jumplist|. | |
7 | 338 *N%* |
339 {count}% Go to {count} percentage in the file, on the first | |
340 non-blank in the line |linewise|. To compute the new | |
341 line number this formula is used: | |
342 ({count} * number-of-lines + 99) / 100 | |
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343 See also 'startofline' option. |
7 | 344 |
345 :[range]go[to] [count] *:go* *:goto* *go* | |
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346 [count]go Go to [count] byte in the buffer. Default [count] is |
7 | 347 one, start of the file. When giving [range], the |
348 last number in it used as the byte count. End-of-line | |
349 characters are counted depending on the current | |
350 'fileformat' setting. | |
2908 | 351 Also see the |line2byte()| function, and the 'o' |
352 option in 'statusline'. | |
7 | 353 {not available when compiled without the |
354 |+byte_offset| feature} | |
355 | |
356 These commands move to the specified line. They stop when reaching the first | |
357 or the last line. The first two commands put the cursor in the same column | |
358 (if possible) as it was after the last command that changed the column, | |
359 except after the "$" command, then the cursor will be put on the last | |
360 character of the line. | |
361 | |
161 | 362 If "k", "-" or CTRL-P is used with a [count] and there are less than [count] |
363 lines above the cursor and the 'cpo' option includes the "-" flag it is an | |
364 error. |cpo--|. | |
365 | |
7 | 366 ============================================================================== |
367 4. Word motions *word-motions* | |
368 | |
369 <S-Right> or *<S-Right>* *w* | |
370 w [count] words forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
371 | |
372 <C-Right> or *<C-Right>* *W* | |
373 W [count] WORDS forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
374 | |
375 *e* | |
376 e Forward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|. | |
1621 | 377 Does not stop in an empty line. |
7 | 378 |
379 *E* | |
380 E Forward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|. | |
1621 | 381 Does not stop in an empty line. |
7 | 382 |
383 <S-Left> or *<S-Left>* *b* | |
384 b [count] words backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
385 | |
386 <C-Left> or *<C-Left>* *B* | |
387 B [count] WORDS backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
388 | |
389 *ge* | |
390 ge Backward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|. | |
391 | |
392 *gE* | |
393 gE Backward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|. | |
394 | |
395 These commands move over words or WORDS. | |
396 *word* | |
397 A word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores, or a | |
398 sequence of other non-blank characters, separated with white space (spaces, | |
625 | 399 tabs, <EOL>). This can be changed with the 'iskeyword' option. An empty line |
400 is also considered to be a word. | |
7 | 401 *WORD* |
402 A WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white | |
625 | 403 space. An empty line is also considered to be a WORD. |
7 | 404 |
405 A sequence of folded lines is counted for one word of a single character. | |
406 "w" and "W", "e" and "E" move to the start/end of the first word or WORD after | |
407 a range of folded lines. "b" and "B" move to the start of the first word or | |
408 WORD before the fold. | |
409 | |
410 Special case: "cw" and "cW" are treated like "ce" and "cE" if the cursor is | |
411 on a non-blank. This is because "cw" is interpreted as change-word, and a | |
412 word does not include the following white space. {Vi: "cw" when on a blank | |
413 followed by other blanks changes only the first blank; this is probably a | |
414 bug, because "dw" deletes all the blanks} | |
415 | |
416 Another special case: When using the "w" motion in combination with an | |
417 operator and the last word moved over is at the end of a line, the end of | |
418 that word becomes the end of the operated text, not the first word in the | |
419 next line. | |
420 | |
421 The original Vi implementation of "e" is buggy. For example, the "e" command | |
422 will stop on the first character of a line if the previous line was empty. | |
423 But when you use "2e" this does not happen. In Vim "ee" and "2e" are the | |
424 same, which is more logical. However, this causes a small incompatibility | |
425 between Vi and Vim. | |
426 | |
427 ============================================================================== | |
428 5. Text object motions *object-motions* | |
429 | |
430 *(* | |
431 ( [count] sentences backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
432 | |
433 *)* | |
434 ) [count] sentences forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
435 | |
436 *{* | |
437 { [count] paragraphs backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
438 | |
439 *}* | |
440 } [count] paragraphs forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
441 | |
442 *]]* | |
443 ]] [count] sections forward or to the next '{' in the | |
20 | 444 first column. When used after an operator, then also |
445 stops below a '}' in the first column. |exclusive| | |
446 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 447 |
448 *][* | |
449 ][ [count] sections forward or to the next '}' in the | |
20 | 450 first column. |exclusive| |
451 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 452 |
453 *[[* | |
454 [[ [count] sections backward or to the previous '{' in | |
20 | 455 the first column. |exclusive| |
456 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 457 |
458 *[]* | |
459 [] [count] sections backward or to the previous '}' in | |
20 | 460 the first column. |exclusive| |
461 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 462 |
463 These commands move over three kinds of text objects. | |
464 | |
465 *sentence* | |
466 A sentence is defined as ending at a '.', '!' or '?' followed by either the | |
467 end of a line, or by a space or tab. Any number of closing ')', ']', '"' | |
468 and ''' characters may appear after the '.', '!' or '?' before the spaces, | |
469 tabs or end of line. A paragraph and section boundary is also a sentence | |
470 boundary. | |
471 If the 'J' flag is present in 'cpoptions', at least two spaces have to | |
472 follow the punctuation mark; <Tab>s are not recognized as white space. | |
473 The definition of a sentence cannot be changed. | |
474 | |
475 *paragraph* | |
476 A paragraph begins after each empty line, and also at each of a set of | |
477 paragraph macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the 'paragraphs' | |
1621 | 478 option. The default is "IPLPPPQPP TPHPLIPpLpItpplpipbp", which corresponds to |
479 the macros ".IP", ".LP", etc. (These are nroff macros, so the dot must be in | |
480 the first column). A section boundary is also a paragraph boundary. | |
164 | 481 Note that a blank line (only containing white space) is NOT a paragraph |
482 boundary. | |
483 Also note that this does not include a '{' or '}' in the first column. When | |
484 the '{' flag is in 'cpoptions' then '{' in the first column is used as a | |
485 paragraph boundary |posix|. | |
7 | 486 |
487 *section* | |
488 A section begins after a form-feed (<C-L>) in the first column and at each of | |
489 a set of section macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the | |
490 'sections' option. The default is "SHNHH HUnhsh", which defines a section to | |
491 start at the nroff macros ".SH", ".NH", ".H", ".HU", ".nh" and ".sh". | |
492 | |
493 The "]" and "[" commands stop at the '{' or '}' in the first column. This is | |
494 useful to find the start or end of a function in a C program. Note that the | |
495 first character of the command determines the search direction and the | |
496 second character the type of brace found. | |
497 | |
498 If your '{' or '}' are not in the first column, and you would like to use "[[" | |
499 and "]]" anyway, try these mappings: > | |
500 :map [[ ?{<CR>w99[{ | |
501 :map ][ /}<CR>b99]} | |
502 :map ]] j0[[%/{<CR> | |
503 :map [] k$][%?}<CR> | |
504 [type these literally, see |<>|] | |
505 | |
506 ============================================================================== | |
507 6. Text object selection *object-select* *text-objects* | |
508 *v_a* *v_i* | |
509 | |
510 This is a series of commands that can only be used while in Visual mode or | |
511 after an operator. The commands that start with "a" select "a"n object | |
512 including white space, the commands starting with "i" select an "inner" object | |
513 without white space, or just the white space. Thus the "inner" commands | |
514 always select less text than the "a" commands. | |
515 | |
516 These commands are not available when the |+textobjects| feature has been | |
517 disabled at compile time. | |
3713 | 518 Also see `gn` and `gN`, operating on the last search pattern. |
519 | |
7 | 520 *v_aw* *aw* |
521 aw "a word", select [count] words (see |word|). | |
522 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not | |
523 counted. | |
524 When used in Visual linewise mode "aw" switches to | |
525 Visual characterwise mode. | |
526 | |
527 *v_iw* *iw* | |
528 iw "inner word", select [count] words (see |word|). | |
529 White space between words is counted too. | |
530 When used in Visual linewise mode "iw" switches to | |
531 Visual characterwise mode. | |
532 | |
533 *v_aW* *aW* | |
534 aW "a WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|). | |
535 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not | |
536 counted. | |
537 When used in Visual linewise mode "aW" switches to | |
538 Visual characterwise mode. | |
539 | |
540 *v_iW* *iW* | |
541 iW "inner WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|). | |
542 White space between words is counted too. | |
543 When used in Visual linewise mode "iW" switches to | |
544 Visual characterwise mode. | |
545 | |
546 *v_as* *as* | |
547 as "a sentence", select [count] sentences (see | |
548 |sentence|). | |
549 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
550 | |
551 *v_is* *is* | |
552 is "inner sentence", select [count] sentences (see | |
553 |sentence|). | |
554 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
555 | |
556 *v_ap* *ap* | |
557 ap "a paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see | |
558 |paragraph|). | |
559 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space) | |
560 is also a paragraph boundary. | |
561 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise. | |
562 | |
563 *v_ip* *ip* | |
564 ip "inner paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see | |
565 |paragraph|). | |
566 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space) | |
567 is also a paragraph boundary. | |
568 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise. | |
569 | |
570 a] *v_a]* *v_a[* *a]* *a[* | |
571 a[ "a [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This | |
572 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds | |
573 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected, | |
574 including the '[' and ']'. | |
575 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
576 | |
577 i] *v_i]* *v_i[* *i]* *i[* | |
578 i[ "inner [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This | |
579 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds | |
580 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected, | |
581 excluding the '[' and ']'. | |
582 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
583 | |
584 a) *v_a)* *a)* *a(* | |
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585 a( *vab* *v_ab* *v_a(* *ab* |
7 | 586 ab "a block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" to |
587 the matching ')', including the '(' and ')' (see | |
588 |[(|). Does not include white space outside of the | |
589 parenthesis. | |
590 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
591 | |
592 i) *v_i)* *i)* *i(* | |
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593 i( *vib* *v_ib* *v_i(* *ib* |
7 | 594 ib "inner block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" |
595 to the matching ')', excluding the '(' and ')' (see | |
596 |[(|). | |
597 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
598 | |
599 a> *v_a>* *v_a<* *a>* *a<* | |
600 a< "a <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from the | |
601 [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching | |
602 '>', including the '<' and '>'. | |
603 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
604 | |
605 i> *v_i>* *v_i<* *i>* *i<* | |
606 i< "inner <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from | |
607 the [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching | |
608 '>', excluding the '<' and '>'. | |
609 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
610 | |
422 | 611 *v_at* *at* |
612 at "a tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the | |
613 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching | |
614 "</aaa>", including the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>". | |
615 See |tag-blocks| about the details. | |
616 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
617 | |
618 *v_it* *it* | |
619 it "inner tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the | |
620 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching | |
621 "</aaa>", excluding the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>". | |
622 See |tag-blocks| about the details. | |
623 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
624 | |
7 | 625 a} *v_a}* *a}* *a{* |
626 a{ *v_aB* *v_a{* *aB* | |
627 aB "a Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" to | |
628 the matching '}', including the '{' and '}' (see | |
629 |[{|). | |
630 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
631 | |
632 i} *v_i}* *i}* *i{* | |
633 i{ *v_iB* *v_i{* *iB* | |
634 iB "inner Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" | |
635 to the matching '}', excluding the '{' and '}' (see | |
636 |[{|). | |
637 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
638 | |
12 | 639 a" *v_aquote* *aquote* |
640 a' *v_a'* *a'* | |
641 a` *v_a`* *a`* | |
642 "a quoted string". Selects the text from the previous | |
849 | 643 quote until the next quote. The 'quoteescape' option |
644 is used to skip escaped quotes. | |
645 Only works within one line. | |
12 | 646 When the cursor starts on a quote, Vim will figure out |
647 which quote pairs form a string by searching from the | |
648 start of the line. | |
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649 Any trailing white space is included, unless there is |
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650 none, then leading white space is included. |
12 | 651 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
652 Repeating this object in Visual mode another string is | |
653 included. A count is currently not used. | |
654 | |
655 i" *v_iquote* *iquote* | |
656 i' *v_i'* *i'* | |
657 i` *v_i`* *i`* | |
658 Like a", a' and a`, but exclude the quotes and | |
659 repeating won't extend the Visual selection. | |
527 | 660 Special case: With a count of 2 the quotes are |
661 included, but no extra white space as with a"/a'/a`. | |
12 | 662 |
7 | 663 When used after an operator: |
664 For non-block objects: | |
665 For the "a" commands: The operator applies to the object and the white | |
666 space after the object. If there is no white space after the object | |
667 or when the cursor was in the white space before the object, the white | |
668 space before the object is included. | |
669 For the "inner" commands: If the cursor was on the object, the | |
670 operator applies to the object. If the cursor was on white space, the | |
671 operator applies to the white space. | |
672 For a block object: | |
673 The operator applies to the block where the cursor is in, or the block | |
674 on which the cursor is on one of the braces. For the "inner" commands | |
675 the surrounding braces are excluded. For the "a" commands, the braces | |
676 are included. | |
677 | |
678 When used in Visual mode: | |
679 When start and end of the Visual area are the same (just after typing "v"): | |
680 One object is selected, the same as for using an operator. | |
681 When start and end of the Visual area are not the same: | |
682 For non-block objects the area is extended by one object or the white | |
683 space up to the next object, or both for the "a" objects. The | |
684 direction in which this happens depends on which side of the Visual | |
685 area the cursor is. For the block objects the block is extended one | |
686 level outwards. | |
687 | |
688 For illustration, here is a list of delete commands, grouped from small to big | |
689 objects. Note that for a single character and a whole line the existing vi | |
690 movement commands are used. | |
691 "dl" delete character (alias: "x") |dl| | |
692 "diw" delete inner word *diw* | |
693 "daw" delete a word *daw* | |
694 "diW" delete inner WORD (see |WORD|) *diW* | |
695 "daW" delete a WORD (see |WORD|) *daW* | |
3713 | 696 "dgn" delete the next search pattern match *dgn* |
7 | 697 "dd" delete one line |dd| |
698 "dis" delete inner sentence *dis* | |
699 "das" delete a sentence *das* | |
700 "dib" delete inner '(' ')' block *dib* | |
701 "dab" delete a '(' ')' block *dab* | |
702 "dip" delete inner paragraph *dip* | |
703 "dap" delete a paragraph *dap* | |
704 "diB" delete inner '{' '}' block *diB* | |
705 "daB" delete a '{' '}' block *daB* | |
706 | |
707 Note the difference between using a movement command and an object. The | |
708 movement command operates from here (cursor position) to where the movement | |
709 takes us. When using an object the whole object is operated upon, no matter | |
710 where on the object the cursor is. For example, compare "dw" and "daw": "dw" | |
711 deletes from the cursor position to the start of the next word, "daw" deletes | |
712 the word under the cursor and the space after or before it. | |
713 | |
422 | 714 |
715 Tag blocks *tag-blocks* | |
716 | |
717 For the "it" and "at" text objects an attempt is done to select blocks between | |
718 matching tags for HTML and XML. But since these are not completely compatible | |
719 there are a few restrictions. | |
720 | |
721 The normal method is to select a <tag> until the matching </tag>. For "at" | |
722 the tags are included, for "it" they are excluded. But when "it" is repeated | |
853 | 723 the tags will be included (otherwise nothing would change). Also, "it" used |
724 on a tag block with no contents will select the leading tag. | |
422 | 725 |
726 "<aaa/>" items are skipped. Case is ignored, also for XML where case does | |
727 matter. | |
728 | |
729 In HTML it is possible to have a tag like <br> or <meta ...> without a | |
730 matching end tag. These are ignored. | |
731 | |
732 The text objects are tolerant about mistakes. Stray end tags are ignored. | |
733 | |
7 | 734 ============================================================================== |
735 7. Marks *mark-motions* *E20* *E78* | |
736 | |
737 Jumping to a mark can be done in two ways: | |
738 1. With ` (backtick): The cursor is positioned at the specified location | |
739 and the motion is |exclusive|. | |
740 2. With ' (single quote): The cursor is positioned on the first non-blank | |
741 character in the line of the specified location and | |
742 the motion is linewise. | |
743 | |
744 *m* *mark* *Mark* | |
745 m{a-zA-Z} Set mark {a-zA-Z} at cursor position (does not move | |
746 the cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
747 | |
748 *m'* *m`* | |
749 m' or m` Set the previous context mark. This can be jumped to | |
750 with the "''" or "``" command (does not move the | |
751 cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
752 | |
753 *m[* *m]* | |
754 m[ or m] Set the |'[| or |']| mark. Useful when an operator is | |
755 to be simulated by multiple commands. (does not move | |
756 the cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
757 | |
3682 | 758 *m<* *m>* |
759 m< or m> Set the |'<| or |'>| mark. Useful to change what the | |
760 `gv` command selects. (does not move the cursor, this | |
761 is not a motion command). | |
762 Note that the Visual mode cannot be set, only the | |
763 start and end position. | |
764 | |
7 | 765 *:ma* *:mark* *E191* |
9 | 766 :[range]ma[rk] {a-zA-Z'} |
767 Set mark {a-zA-Z'} at last line number in [range], | |
7 | 768 column 0. Default is cursor line. |
769 | |
770 *:k* | |
9 | 771 :[range]k{a-zA-Z'} Same as :mark, but the space before the mark name can |
7 | 772 be omitted. |
773 | |
774 *'* *'a* *`* *`a* | |
1121 | 775 '{a-z} `{a-z} Jump to the mark {a-z} in the current buffer. |
7 | 776 |
777 *'A* *'0* *`A* *`0* | |
1121 | 778 '{A-Z0-9} `{A-Z0-9} To the mark {A-Z0-9} in the file where it was set (not |
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779 a motion command when in another file). |
7 | 780 |
781 *g'* *g'a* *g`* *g`a* | |
782 g'{mark} g`{mark} | |
783 Jump to the {mark}, but don't change the jumplist when | |
784 jumping within the current buffer. Example: > | |
785 g`" | |
786 < jumps to the last known position in a file. See | |
9 | 787 $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim. |
788 Also see |:keepjumps|. | |
7 | 789 |
790 *:marks* | |
791 :marks List all the current marks (not a motion command). | |
792 The |'(|, |')|, |'{| and |'}| marks are not listed. | |
843 | 793 The first column has number zero. |
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794 |
7 | 795 *E283* |
796 :marks {arg} List the marks that are mentioned in {arg} (not a | |
797 motion command). For example: > | |
798 :marks aB | |
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799 < to list marks 'a' and 'B'. |
7 | 800 |
24 | 801 *:delm* *:delmarks* |
856 | 802 :delm[arks] {marks} Delete the specified marks. Marks that can be deleted |
24 | 803 include A-Z and 0-9. You cannot delete the ' mark. |
804 They can be specified by giving the list of mark | |
805 names, or with a range, separated with a dash. Spaces | |
806 are ignored. Examples: > | |
807 :delmarks a deletes mark a | |
808 :delmarks a b 1 deletes marks a, b and 1 | |
809 :delmarks Aa deletes marks A and a | |
810 :delmarks p-z deletes marks in the range p to z | |
811 :delmarks ^.[] deletes marks ^ . [ ] | |
812 :delmarks \" deletes mark " | |
813 | |
814 :delm[arks]! Delete all marks for the current buffer, but not marks | |
815 A-Z or 0-9. | |
816 | |
7 | 817 A mark is not visible in any way. It is just a position in the file that is |
818 remembered. Do not confuse marks with named registers, they are totally | |
819 unrelated. | |
820 | |
821 'a - 'z lowercase marks, valid within one file | |
822 'A - 'Z uppercase marks, also called file marks, valid between files | |
823 '0 - '9 numbered marks, set from .viminfo file | |
824 | |
825 Lowercase marks 'a to 'z are remembered as long as the file remains in the | |
826 buffer list. If you remove the file from the buffer list, all its marks are | |
827 lost. If you delete a line that contains a mark, that mark is erased. | |
828 | |
829 Lowercase marks can be used in combination with operators. For example: "d't" | |
830 deletes the lines from the cursor position to mark 't'. Hint: Use mark 't' for | |
831 Top, 'b' for Bottom, etc.. Lowercase marks are restored when using undo and | |
832 redo. | |
833 | |
834 Uppercase marks 'A to 'Z include the file name. {Vi: no uppercase marks} You | |
835 can use them to jump from file to file. You can only use an uppercase mark | |
836 with an operator if the mark is in the current file. The line number of the | |
837 mark remains correct, even if you insert/delete lines or edit another file for | |
838 a moment. When the 'viminfo' option is not empty, uppercase marks are kept in | |
839 the .viminfo file. See |viminfo-file-marks|. | |
840 | |
841 Numbered marks '0 to '9 are quite different. They can not be set directly. | |
842 They are only present when using a viminfo file |viminfo-file|. Basically '0 | |
843 is the location of the cursor when you last exited Vim, '1 the last but one | |
844 time, etc. Use the "r" flag in 'viminfo' to specify files for which no | |
845 Numbered mark should be stored. See |viminfo-file-marks|. | |
846 | |
847 | |
848 *'[* *`[* | |
849 '[ `[ To the first character of the previously changed | |
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850 or yanked text. |
7 | 851 |
852 *']* *`]* | |
853 '] `] To the last character of the previously changed or | |
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854 yanked text. |
7 | 855 |
856 After executing an operator the Cursor is put at the beginning of the text | |
857 that was operated upon. After a put command ("p" or "P") the cursor is | |
858 sometimes placed at the first inserted line and sometimes on the last inserted | |
859 character. The four commands above put the cursor at either end. Example: | |
860 After yanking 10 lines you want to go to the last one of them: "10Y']". After | |
861 inserting several lines with the "p" command you want to jump to the lowest | |
862 inserted line: "p']". This also works for text that has been inserted. | |
863 | |
864 Note: After deleting text, the start and end positions are the same, except | |
865 when using blockwise Visual mode. These commands do not work when no change | |
866 was made yet in the current file. | |
867 | |
868 *'<* *`<* | |
1698 | 869 '< `< To the first line or character of the last selected |
870 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it | |
871 may also be the last character in the first line (to | |
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872 be able to define the block). |
7 | 873 |
874 *'>* *`>* | |
1698 | 875 '> `> To the last line or character of the last selected |
876 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it | |
877 may also be the first character of the last line (to | |
878 be able to define the block). Note that 'selection' | |
856 | 879 applies, the position may be just after the Visual |
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880 area. |
7 | 881 |
882 *''* *``* | |
36 | 883 '' `` To the position before the latest jump, or where the |
884 last "m'" or "m`" command was given. Not set when the | |
7 | 885 |:keepjumps| command modifier was used. |
886 Also see |restore-position|. | |
887 | |
888 *'quote* *`quote* | |
889 '" `" To the cursor position when last exiting the current | |
890 buffer. Defaults to the first character of the first | |
891 line. See |last-position-jump| for how to use this | |
892 for each opened file. | |
893 Only one position is remembered per buffer, not one | |
894 for each window. As long as the buffer is visible in | |
895 a window the position won't be changed. | |
896 | |
897 *'^* *`^* | |
898 '^ `^ To the position where the cursor was the last time | |
42 | 899 when Insert mode was stopped. This is used by the |
900 |gi| command. Not set when the |:keepjumps| command | |
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901 modifier was used. |
7 | 902 |
903 *'.* *`.* | |
904 '. `. To the position where the last change was made. The | |
905 position is at or near where the change started. | |
906 Sometimes a command is executed as several changes, | |
907 then the position can be near the end of what the | |
908 command changed. For example when inserting a word, | |
909 the position will be on the last character. | |
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910 To jump to older changes use |g;|. |
7 | 911 |
912 *'(* *`(* | |
913 '( `( To the start of the current sentence, like the |(| | |
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914 command. |
7 | 915 |
916 *')* *`)* | |
917 ') `) To the end of the current sentence, like the |)| | |
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918 command. |
7 | 919 |
920 *'{* *`{* | |
921 '{ `{ To the start of the current paragraph, like the |{| | |
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922 command. |
7 | 923 |
924 *'}* *`}* | |
925 '} `} To the end of the current paragraph, like the |}| | |
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926 command. |
7 | 927 |
928 These commands are not marks themselves, but jump to a mark: | |
929 | |
930 *]'* | |
931 ]' [count] times to next line with a lowercase mark below | |
932 the cursor, on the first non-blank character in the | |
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933 line. |
7 | 934 |
935 *]`* | |
936 ]` [count] times to lowercase mark after the cursor. {not | |
937 in Vi} | |
938 | |
939 *['* | |
940 [' [count] times to previous line with a lowercase mark | |
941 before the cursor, on the first non-blank character in | |
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942 the line. |
7 | 943 |
944 *[`* | |
945 [` [count] times to lowercase mark before the cursor. | |
946 | |
947 | |
948 :loc[kmarks] {command} *:loc* *:lockmarks* | |
949 Execute {command} without adjusting marks. This is | |
950 useful when changing text in a way that the line count | |
951 will be the same when the change has completed. | |
952 WARNING: When the line count does change, marks below | |
953 the change will keep their line number, thus move to | |
954 another text line. | |
955 These items will not be adjusted for deleted/inserted | |
956 lines: | |
957 - lower case letter marks 'a - 'z | |
958 - upper case letter marks 'A - 'Z | |
959 - numbered marks '0 - '9 | |
960 - last insert position '^ | |
961 - last change position '. | |
962 - the Visual area '< and '> | |
963 - line numbers in placed signs | |
964 - line numbers in quickfix positions | |
965 - positions in the |jumplist| | |
966 - positions in the |tagstack| | |
967 These items will still be adjusted: | |
968 - previous context mark '' | |
969 - the cursor position | |
970 - the view of a window on a buffer | |
971 - folds | |
972 - diffs | |
973 | |
974 :kee[pmarks] {command} *:kee* *:keepmarks* | |
975 Currently only has effect for the filter command | |
976 |:range!|: | |
977 - When the number of lines after filtering is equal to | |
978 or larger than before, all marks are kept at the | |
979 same line number. | |
980 - When the number of lines decreases, the marks in the | |
9 | 981 lines that disappeared are deleted. |
7 | 982 In any case the marks below the filtered text have |
983 their line numbers adjusted, thus stick to the text, | |
984 as usual. | |
985 When the 'R' flag is missing from 'cpoptions' this has | |
986 the same effect as using ":keepmarks". | |
987 | |
988 *:keepj* *:keepjumps* | |
989 :keepj[umps] {command} | |
9 | 990 Moving around in {command} does not change the |''|, |
991 |'.| and |'^| marks, the |jumplist| or the | |
992 |changelist|. | |
993 Useful when making a change or inserting text | |
994 automatically and the user doesn't want to go to this | |
995 position. E.g., when updating a "Last change" | |
996 timestamp in the first line: > | |
997 | |
586 | 998 :let lnum = line(".") |
9 | 999 :keepjumps normal gg |
1000 :call SetLastChange() | |
1001 :keepjumps exe "normal " . lnum . "G" | |
1002 < | |
1003 Note that ":keepjumps" must be used for every command. | |
1004 When invoking a function the commands in that function | |
856 | 1005 can still change the jumplist. Also, for |
85 | 1006 ":keepjumps exe 'command '" the "command" won't keep |
1007 jumps. Instead use: ":exe 'keepjumps command'" | |
7 | 1008 |
1009 ============================================================================== | |
1010 8. Jumps *jump-motions* | |
1011 | |
14347 | 1012 A "jump" is a command that normally moves the cursor several lines away. If |
1013 you make the cursor "jump" the position of the cursor before the jump is | |
16023 | 1014 remembered. You can return to that position with the "''" and "``" commands, |
14347 | 1015 unless the line containing that position was changed or deleted. The |
1016 following commands are "jump" commands: "'", "`", "G", "/", "?", "n", "N", | |
1017 "%", "(", ")", "[[", "]]", "{", "}", ":s", ":tag", "L", "M", "H" and the | |
15033 | 1018 commands that start editing a new file. |
7 | 1019 |
1020 *CTRL-O* | |
1021 CTRL-O Go to [count] Older cursor position in jump list | |
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1022 (not a motion command). |
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1023 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
7 | 1024 |
1025 <Tab> or *CTRL-I* *<Tab>* | |
1026 CTRL-I Go to [count] newer cursor position in jump list | |
1027 (not a motion command). | |
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1028 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
7 | 1029 |
1030 *:ju* *:jumps* | |
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1031 :ju[mps] Print the jump list (not a motion command). |
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1032 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
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1033 |
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1034 *:cle* *:clearjumps* |
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1035 :cle[arjumps] Clear the jump list of the current window. |
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1036 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
7 | 1037 |
1038 *jumplist* | |
1039 Jumps are remembered in a jump list. With the CTRL-O and CTRL-I command you | |
1040 can go to cursor positions before older jumps, and back again. Thus you can | |
1041 move up and down the list. There is a separate jump list for each window. | |
1042 The maximum number of entries is fixed at 100. | |
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1043 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
7 | 1044 |
1045 For example, after three jump commands you have this jump list: | |
1046 | |
2681 | 1047 jump line col file/text ~ |
7 | 1048 3 1 0 some text ~ |
1049 2 70 0 another line ~ | |
1050 1 1154 23 end. ~ | |
1051 > ~ | |
1052 | |
2681 | 1053 The "file/text" column shows the file name, or the text at the jump if it is |
7 | 1054 in the current file (an indent is removed and a long line is truncated to fit |
1055 in the window). | |
1056 | |
1057 You are currently in line 1167. If you then use the CTRL-O command, the | |
1058 cursor is put in line 1154. This results in: | |
1059 | |
2681 | 1060 jump line col file/text ~ |
7 | 1061 2 1 0 some text ~ |
1062 1 70 0 another line ~ | |
1063 > 0 1154 23 end. ~ | |
1064 1 1167 0 foo bar ~ | |
1065 | |
1066 The pointer will be set at the last used jump position. The next CTRL-O | |
1067 command will use the entry above it, the next CTRL-I command will use the | |
1068 entry below it. If the pointer is below the last entry, this indicates that | |
1069 you did not use a CTRL-I or CTRL-O before. In this case the CTRL-O command | |
1070 will cause the cursor position to be added to the jump list, so you can get | |
1071 back to the position before the CTRL-O. In this case this is line 1167. | |
1072 | |
1073 With more CTRL-O commands you will go to lines 70 and 1. If you use CTRL-I | |
1074 you can go back to 1154 and 1167 again. Note that the number in the "jump" | |
1075 column indicates the count for the CTRL-O or CTRL-I command that takes you to | |
1076 this position. | |
1077 | |
1078 If you use a jump command, the current line number is inserted at the end of | |
1079 the jump list. If the same line was already in the jump list, it is removed. | |
1080 The result is that when repeating CTRL-O you will get back to old positions | |
1081 only once. | |
1082 | |
1083 When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used, jumps are not stored in the | |
836 | 1084 jumplist. Jumps are also not stored in other cases, e.g., in a |:global| |
5220 | 1085 command. You can explicitly add a jump by setting the ' mark with "m'". Note |
1086 that calling setpos() does not do this. | |
7 | 1087 |
1088 After the CTRL-O command that got you into line 1154 you could give another | |
1089 jump command (e.g., "G"). The jump list would then become: | |
1090 | |
2681 | 1091 jump line col file/text ~ |
7 | 1092 4 1 0 some text ~ |
1093 3 70 0 another line ~ | |
1094 2 1167 0 foo bar ~ | |
1095 1 1154 23 end. ~ | |
1096 > ~ | |
1097 | |
1098 The line numbers will be adjusted for deleted and inserted lines. This fails | |
1099 if you stop editing a file without writing, like with ":n!". | |
1100 | |
1101 When you split a window, the jumplist will be copied to the new window. | |
1102 | |
1103 If you have included the ' item in the 'viminfo' option the jumplist will be | |
1104 stored in the viminfo file and restored when starting Vim. | |
1105 | |
1106 | |
1107 CHANGE LIST JUMPS *changelist* *change-list-jumps* *E664* | |
1108 | |
1109 When making a change the cursor position is remembered. One position is | |
1110 remembered for every change that can be undone, unless it is close to a | |
1111 previous change. Two commands can be used to jump to positions of changes, | |
1112 also those that have been undone: | |
1113 | |
1114 *g;* *E662* | |
1115 g; Go to [count] older position in change list. | |
1116 If [count] is larger than the number of older change | |
1117 positions go to the oldest change. | |
1118 If there is no older change an error message is given. | |
1119 (not a motion command) | |
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1120 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
7 | 1121 |
1122 *g,* *E663* | |
1123 g, Go to [count] newer cursor position in change list. | |
236 | 1124 Just like |g;| but in the opposite direction. |
7 | 1125 (not a motion command) |
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1126 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
7 | 1127 |
1128 When using a count you jump as far back or forward as possible. Thus you can | |
1129 use "999g;" to go to the first change for which the position is still | |
1130 remembered. The number of entries in the change list is fixed and is the same | |
1131 as for the |jumplist|. | |
1132 | |
1133 When two undo-able changes are in the same line and at a column position less | |
1134 than 'textwidth' apart only the last one is remembered. This avoids that a | |
1135 sequence of small changes in a line, for example "xxxxx", adds many positions | |
1136 to the change list. When 'textwidth' is zero 'wrapmargin' is used. When that | |
1137 also isn't set a fixed number of 79 is used. Detail: For the computations | |
1138 bytes are used, not characters, to avoid a speed penalty (this only matters | |
1139 for multi-byte encodings). | |
1140 | |
1141 Note that when text has been inserted or deleted the cursor position might be | |
1142 a bit different from the position of the change. Especially when lines have | |
1143 been deleted. | |
1144 | |
1145 When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used the position of a change is not | |
1146 remembered. | |
1147 | |
1148 *:changes* | |
1149 :changes Print the change list. A ">" character indicates the | |
1150 current position. Just after a change it is below the | |
14372 | 1151 newest entry, indicating that `g;` takes you to the |
7 | 1152 newest entry position. The first column indicates the |
1153 count needed to take you to this position. Example: | |
1154 | |
1155 change line col text ~ | |
1156 3 9 8 bla bla bla | |
1157 2 11 57 foo is a bar | |
1158 1 14 54 the latest changed line | |
1159 > | |
1160 | |
14372 | 1161 The `3g;` command takes you to line 9. Then the |
1162 output of `:changes` is: | |
7 | 1163 |
1164 change line col text ~ | |
1165 > 0 9 8 bla bla bla | |
1166 1 11 57 foo is a bar | |
1167 2 14 54 the latest changed line | |
1168 | |
1169 Now you can use "g," to go to line 11 and "2g," to go | |
1170 to line 14. | |
1171 | |
1172 ============================================================================== | |
1173 9. Various motions *various-motions* | |
1174 | |
1175 *%* | |
1176 % Find the next item in this line after or under the | |
1177 cursor and jump to its match. |inclusive| motion. | |
1178 Items can be: | |
1179 ([{}]) parenthesis or (curly/square) brackets | |
1180 (this can be changed with the | |
1181 'matchpairs' option) | |
1182 /* */ start or end of C-style comment | |
1183 #if, #ifdef, #else, #elif, #endif | |
1184 C preprocessor conditionals (when the | |
1185 cursor is on the # or no ([{ | |
1186 following) | |
1187 For other items the matchit plugin can be used, see | |
1621 | 1188 |matchit-install|. This plugin also helps to skip |
1189 matches in comments. | |
7 | 1190 |
1191 When 'cpoptions' contains "M" |cpo-M| backslashes | |
1192 before parens and braces are ignored. Without "M" the | |
1193 number of backslashes matters: an even number doesn't | |
1194 match with an odd number. Thus in "( \) )" and "\( ( | |
1195 \)" the first and last parenthesis match. | |
1621 | 1196 |
7 | 1197 When the '%' character is not present in 'cpoptions' |
1198 |cpo-%|, parens and braces inside double quotes are | |
1199 ignored, unless the number of parens/braces in a line | |
1200 is uneven and this line and the previous one does not | |
1201 end in a backslash. '(', '{', '[', ']', '}' and ')' | |
1202 are also ignored (parens and braces inside single | |
1203 quotes). Note that this works fine for C, but not for | |
1204 Perl, where single quotes are used for strings. | |
1621 | 1205 |
1206 Nothing special is done for matches in comments. You | |
1207 can either use the matchit plugin |matchit-install| or | |
1208 put quotes around matches. | |
1209 | |
1210 No count is allowed, {count}% jumps to a line {count} | |
1211 percentage down the file |N%|. Using '%' on | |
7 | 1212 #if/#else/#endif makes the movement linewise. |
1213 | |
1214 *[(* | |
1215 [( go to [count] previous unmatched '('. | |
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1216 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1217 |
1218 *[{* | |
1219 [{ go to [count] previous unmatched '{'. | |
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1220 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1221 |
1222 *])* | |
1223 ]) go to [count] next unmatched ')'. | |
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1224 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1225 |
1226 *]}* | |
1227 ]} go to [count] next unmatched '}'. | |
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1228 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1229 |
1230 The above four commands can be used to go to the start or end of the current | |
1231 code block. It is like doing "%" on the '(', ')', '{' or '}' at the other | |
1232 end of the code block, but you can do this from anywhere in the code block. | |
1233 Very useful for C programs. Example: When standing on "case x:", "[{" will | |
1234 bring you back to the switch statement. | |
1235 | |
1236 *]m* | |
1237 ]m Go to [count] next start of a method (for Java or | |
1238 similar structured language). When not before the | |
1239 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
1240 class. When no '{' is found after the cursor, this is | |
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1241 an error. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1242 *]M* |
1243 ]M Go to [count] next end of a method (for Java or | |
1244 similar structured language). When not before the end | |
1245 of a method, jump to the start or end of the class. | |
1246 When no '}' is found after the cursor, this is an | |
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1247 error. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1248 *[m* |
1249 [m Go to [count] previous start of a method (for Java or | |
1250 similar structured language). When not after the | |
1251 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
1252 class. When no '{' is found before the cursor this is | |
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1253 an error. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1254 *[M* |
1255 [M Go to [count] previous end of a method (for Java or | |
1256 similar structured language). When not after the | |
1257 end of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
1258 class. When no '}' is found before the cursor this is | |
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1259 an error. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1260 |
1261 The above two commands assume that the file contains a class with methods. | |
1262 The class definition is surrounded in '{' and '}'. Each method in the class | |
1263 is also surrounded with '{' and '}'. This applies to the Java language. The | |
1264 file looks like this: > | |
1265 | |
1266 // comment | |
1267 class foo { | |
1268 int method_one() { | |
1269 body_one(); | |
1270 } | |
1271 int method_two() { | |
1272 body_two(); | |
1273 } | |
1274 } | |
1275 Starting with the cursor on "body_two()", using "[m" will jump to the '{' at | |
1276 the start of "method_two()" (obviously this is much more useful when the | |
1277 method is long!). Using "2[m" will jump to the start of "method_one()". | |
1278 Using "3[m" will jump to the start of the class. | |
1279 | |
1280 *[#* | |
1281 [# go to [count] previous unmatched "#if" or "#else". | |
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1282 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1283 |
1284 *]#* | |
1285 ]# go to [count] next unmatched "#else" or "#endif". | |
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1286 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1287 |
1288 These two commands work in C programs that contain #if/#else/#endif | |
1289 constructs. It brings you to the start or end of the #if/#else/#endif where | |
1290 the current line is included. You can then use "%" to go to the matching line. | |
1291 | |
1292 *[star* *[/* | |
1293 [* or [/ go to [count] previous start of a C comment "/*". | |
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1294 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1295 |
1296 *]star* *]/* | |
1297 ]* or ]/ go to [count] next end of a C comment "*/". | |
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1298 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1299 |
1300 | |
1301 *H* | |
1302 H To line [count] from top (Home) of window (default: | |
1303 first line on the window) on the first non-blank | |
1304 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
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1305 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option, unless an |
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1306 operator is pending, in which case the text may |
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1307 scroll. E.g. "yH" yanks from the first visible line |
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1308 until the cursor line (inclusive). |
7 | 1309 |
1310 *M* | |
1311 M To Middle line of window, on the first non-blank | |
1312 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
1313 | |
1314 *L* | |
1315 L To line [count] from bottom of window (default: Last | |
1316 line on the window) on the first non-blank character | |
1317 |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
12646
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1318 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option, unless an |
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1319 operator is pending, in which case the text may |
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1320 scroll. E.g. "yL" yanks from the cursor to the last |
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1321 visible line. |
7 | 1322 |
1323 <LeftMouse> Moves to the position on the screen where the mouse | |
36 | 1324 click is |exclusive|. See also |<LeftMouse>|. If the |
7 | 1325 position is in a status line, that window is made the |
16553
0e473e9e70c2
patch 8.1.1280: remarks about functionality not in Vi clutters the help
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
16023
diff
changeset
|
1326 active window and the cursor is not moved. |
7 | 1327 |
14421 | 1328 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |