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annotate runtime/doc/channel.txt @ 11518:63b0b7b79b25

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Update runtime files. commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/3ec574f2b549f456f664f689d6da36dc5719aeb9 Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> Date: Tue Jun 13 18:12:01 2017 +0200 Update runtime files. Includes changing &sw to shiftwidth() for all indent scripts.
author Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
date Tue, 13 Jun 2017 18:15:04 +0200
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children 49c12c93abf3
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1 *channel.txt* For Vim version 8.0. Last change: 2017 Jun 11
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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7 Inter-process communication *channel*
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9 Vim uses channels to communicate with other processes.
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10 A channel uses a socket or pipes. *socket-interface*
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11 Jobs can be used to start processes and communicate with them.
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12 The Netbeans interface also uses a channel. |netbeans|
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13
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14 1. Overview |job-channel-overview|
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15 2. Channel demo |channel-demo|
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16 3. Opening a channel |channel-open|
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17 4. Using a JSON or JS channel |channel-use|
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18 5. Channel commands |channel-commands|
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19 6. Using a RAW or NL channel |channel-raw|
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20 7. More channel functions |channel-more|
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21 8. Starting a job with a channel |job-start|
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22 9. Starting a job without a channel |job-start-nochannel|
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23 10. Job options |job-options|
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24 11. Controlling a job |job-control|
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26 {Vi does not have any of these features}
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27 {only when compiled with the |+channel| feature for channel stuff}
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28 You can check this with: `has('channel')`
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29 {only when compiled with the |+job| feature for job stuff}
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30 You can check this with: `has('job')`
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32 ==============================================================================
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33 1. Overview *job-channel-overview*
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35 There are four main types of jobs:
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36 1. A daemon, serving several Vim instances.
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37 Vim connects to it with a socket.
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38 2. One job working with one Vim instance, asynchronously.
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39 Uses a socket or pipes.
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40 3. A job performing some work for a short time, asynchronously.
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41 Uses a socket or pipes.
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42 4. Running a filter, synchronously.
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43 Uses pipes.
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44
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45 For when using sockets See |job-start|, |job-start-nochannel| and
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46 |channel-open|. For 2 and 3, one or more jobs using pipes, see |job-start|.
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47 For 4 use the ":{range}!cmd" command, see |filter|.
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49 Over the socket and pipes these protocols are available:
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50 RAW nothing known, Vim cannot tell where a message ends
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51 NL every message ends in a NL (newline) character
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52 JSON JSON encoding |json_encode()|
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53 JS JavaScript style JSON-like encoding |js_encode()|
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55 Common combination are:
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56 - Using a job connected through pipes in NL mode. E.g., to run a style
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57 checker and receive errors and warnings.
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58 - Using a deamon, connecting over a socket in JSON mode. E.g. to lookup
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59 cross-references in a database.
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61 ==============================================================================
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62 2. Channel demo *channel-demo* *demoserver.py*
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64 This requires Python. The demo program can be found in
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65 $VIMRUNTIME/tools/demoserver.py
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66 Run it in one terminal. We will call this T1.
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68 Run Vim in another terminal. Connect to the demo server with: >
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69 let channel = ch_open('localhost:8765')
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71 In T1 you should see:
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72 === socket opened === ~
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74 You can now send a message to the server: >
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75 echo ch_evalexpr(channel, 'hello!')
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77 The message is received in T1 and a response is sent back to Vim.
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78 You can see the raw messages in T1. What Vim sends is:
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79 [1,"hello!"] ~
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80 And the response is:
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81 [1,"got it"] ~
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82 The number will increase every time you send a message.
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84 The server can send a command to Vim. Type this on T1 (literally, including
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85 the quotes):
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86 ["ex","echo 'hi there'"] ~
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87 And you should see the message in Vim. You can move the cursor a word forward:
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88 ["normal","w"] ~
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90 To handle asynchronous communication a callback needs to be used: >
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91 func MyHandler(channel, msg)
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92 echo "from the handler: " . a:msg
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93 endfunc
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94 call ch_sendexpr(channel, 'hello!', {'callback': "MyHandler"})
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95 Vim will not wait for a response. Now the server can send the response later
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96 and MyHandler will be invoked.
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97
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98 Instead of giving a callback with every send call, it can also be specified
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99 when opening the channel: >
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100 call ch_close(channel)
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101 let channel = ch_open('localhost:8765', {'callback': "MyHandler"})
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102 call ch_sendexpr(channel, 'hello!')
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103
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104 When trying out channels it's useful to see what is going on. You can tell
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105 Vim to write lines in log file: >
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106 call ch_logfile('channellog', 'w')
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107 See |ch_logfile()|.
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108
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109 ==============================================================================
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110 3. Opening a channel *channel-open*
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111
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112 To open a channel: >
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113 let channel = ch_open({address} [, {options}])
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114 if ch_status(channel) == "open"
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115 " use the channel
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116
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117 Use |ch_status()| to see if the channel could be opened.
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118
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119 {address} has the form "hostname:port". E.g., "localhost:8765".
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120
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121 {options} is a dictionary with optional entries: *channel-open-options*
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122
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123 "mode" can be: *channel-mode*
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124 "json" - Use JSON, see below; most convenient way. Default.
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125 "js" - Use JS (JavaScript) encoding, more efficient than JSON.
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126 "nl" - Use messages that end in a NL character
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127 "raw" - Use raw messages
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128 *channel-callback* *E921*
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129 "callback" A function that is called when a message is received that is
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130 not handled otherwise. It gets two arguments: the channel
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131 and the received message. Example: >
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132 func Handle(channel, msg)
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133 echo 'Received: ' . a:msg
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134 endfunc
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135 let channel = ch_open("localhost:8765", {"callback": "Handle"})
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136 <
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137 When "mode" is "json" or "js" the "msg" argument is the body
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138 of the received message, converted to Vim types.
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139 When "mode" is "nl" the "msg" argument is one message,
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140 excluding the NL.
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141 When "mode" is "raw" the "msg" argument is the whole message
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142 as a string.
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143
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144 For all callbacks: Use |function()| to bind it to arguments
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145 and/or a Dictionary. Or use the form "dict.function" to bind
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146 the Dictionary.
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147
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148 Callbacks are only called at a "safe" moment, usually when Vim
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149 is waiting for the user to type a character. Vim does not use
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150 multi-threading.
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151
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152 *close_cb*
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153 "close_cb" A function that is called when the channel gets closed, other
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154 than by calling ch_close(). It should be defined like this: >
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155 func MyCloseHandler(channel)
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156 < Vim will invoke callbacks that handle data before invoking
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157 close_cb, thus when this function is called no more data will
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158 be passed to the callbacks.
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159 *channel-drop*
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160 "drop" Specifies when to drop messages:
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161 "auto" When there is no callback to handle a message.
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162 The "close_cb" is also considered for this.
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163 "never" All messages will be kept.
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164
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165 *waittime*
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166 "waittime" The time to wait for the connection to be made in
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167 milliseconds. A negative number waits forever.
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168
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169 The default is zero, don't wait, which is useful if a local
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170 server is supposed to be running already. On Unix Vim
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171 actually uses a 1 msec timeout, that is required on many
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172 systems. Use a larger value for a remote server, e.g. 10
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173 msec at least.
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174 *channel-timeout*
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175 "timeout" The time to wait for a request when blocking, E.g. when using
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176 ch_evalexpr(). In milliseconds. The default is 2000 (2
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177 seconds).
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178
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179 When "mode" is "json" or "js" the "callback" is optional. When omitted it is
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180 only possible to receive a message after sending one.
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181
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182 To change the channel options after opening it use |ch_setoptions()|. The
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183 arguments are similar to what is passed to |ch_open()|, but "waittime" cannot
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184 be given, since that only applies to opening the channel.
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185
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186 For example, the handler can be added or changed: >
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187 call ch_setoptions(channel, {'callback': callback})
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188 When "callback" is empty (zero or an empty string) the handler is removed.
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189
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190 After a callback has been invoked Vim will update the screen and put the
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191 cursor back where it belongs. Thus the callback should not need to do
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192 `:redraw`.
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193
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194 The timeout can be changed: >
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195 call ch_setoptions(channel, {'timeout': msec})
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196 <
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197 *channel-close* *E906*
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198 Once done with the channel, disconnect it like this: >
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199 call ch_close(channel)
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200 When a socket is used this will close the socket for both directions. When
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201 pipes are used (stdin/stdout/stderr) they are all closed. This might not be
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202 what you want! Stopping the job with job_stop() might be better.
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203 All readahead is discarded, callbacks will no longer be invoked.
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204
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205 Note that a channel is closed in three stages:
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206 - The I/O ends, log message: "Closing channel". There can still be queued
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207 messages to read or callbacks to invoke.
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208 - The readahead is cleared, log message: "Clearing channel". Some variables
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209 may still reference the channel.
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210 - The channel is freed, log message: "Freeing channel".
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211
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212 When the channel can't be opened you will get an error message. There is a
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213 difference between MS-Windows and Unix: On Unix when the port doesn't exist
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214 ch_open() fails quickly. On MS-Windows "waittime" applies.
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215 *E898* *E901* *E902*
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216
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217 If there is an error reading or writing a channel it will be closed.
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218 *E630* *E631*
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219
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220 ==============================================================================
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221 4. Using a JSON or JS channel *channel-use*
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222
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223 If mode is JSON then a message can be sent synchronously like this: >
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224 let response = ch_evalexpr(channel, {expr})
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225 This awaits a response from the other side.
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226
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227 When mode is JS this works the same, except that the messages use
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228 JavaScript encoding. See |js_encode()| for the difference.
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229
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230 To send a message, without handling a response or letting the channel callback
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231 handle the response: >
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232 call ch_sendexpr(channel, {expr})
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233
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234 To send a message and letting the response handled by a specific function,
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235 asynchronously: >
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236 call ch_sendexpr(channel, {expr}, {'callback': Handler})
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237
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238 Vim will match the response with the request using the message ID. Once the
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239 response is received the callback will be invoked. Further responses with the
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240 same ID will be ignored. If your server sends back multiple responses you
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241 need to send them with ID zero, they will be passed to the channel callback.
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242
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243 The {expr} is converted to JSON and wrapped in an array. An example of the
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244 message that the receiver will get when {expr} is the string "hello":
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245 [12,"hello"] ~
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246
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247 The format of the JSON sent is:
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248 [{number},{expr}]
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249
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250 In which {number} is different every time. It must be used in the response
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251 (if any):
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252
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253 [{number},{response}]
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254
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255 This way Vim knows which sent message matches with which received message and
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256 can call the right handler. Also when the messages arrive out of order.
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257
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258 A newline character is terminating the JSON text. This can be used to
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259 separate the read text. For example, in Python:
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260 splitidx = read_text.find('\n')
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261 message = read_text[:splitidx]
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262 rest = read_text[splitidx + 1:]
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263
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264 The sender must always send valid JSON to Vim. Vim can check for the end of
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265 the message by parsing the JSON. It will only accept the message if the end
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266 was received. A newline after the message is optional.
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267
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268 When the process wants to send a message to Vim without first receiving a
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269 message, it must use the number zero:
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270 [0,{response}]
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271
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272 Then channel handler will then get {response} converted to Vim types. If the
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273 channel does not have a handler the message is dropped.
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274
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275 It is also possible to use ch_sendraw() and ch_evalraw() on a JSON or JS
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276 channel. The caller is then completely responsible for correct encoding and
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277 decoding.
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278
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279 ==============================================================================
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280 5. Channel commands *channel-commands*
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281
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282 With a JSON channel the process can send commands to Vim that will be
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283 handled by Vim internally, it does not require a handler for the channel.
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284
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285 Possible commands are: *E903* *E904* *E905*
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286 ["redraw", {forced}]
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287 ["ex", {Ex command}]
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288 ["normal", {Normal mode command}]
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289 ["expr", {expression}, {number}]
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290 ["expr", {expression}]
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291 ["call", {func name}, {argument list}, {number}]
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292 ["call", {func name}, {argument list}]
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293
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294 With all of these: Be careful what these commands do! You can easily
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295 interfere with what the user is doing. To avoid trouble use |mode()| to check
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296 that the editor is in the expected state. E.g., to send keys that must be
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297 inserted as text, not executed as a command:
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298 ["ex","if mode() == 'i' | call feedkeys('ClassName') | endif"] ~
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299
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300 Errors in these commands are normally not reported to avoid them messing up
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301 the display. If you do want to see them, set the 'verbose' option to 3 or
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302 higher.
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303
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304
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305 Command "redraw" ~
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306
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307 The other commands do not update the screen, so that you can send a sequence
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308 of commands without the cursor moving around. You must end with the "redraw"
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309 command to show any changed text and show the cursor where it belongs.
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310
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311 The argument is normally an empty string:
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312 ["redraw", ""] ~
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313 To first clear the screen pass "force":
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314 ["redraw", "force"] ~
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315
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316
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317 Command "ex" ~
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318
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319 The "ex" command is executed as any Ex command. There is no response for
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320 completion or error. You could use functions in an |autoload| script:
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321 ["ex","call myscript#MyFunc(arg)"]
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322
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323 You can also use "call |feedkeys()|" to insert any key sequence.
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324
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325 When there is an error a message is written to the channel log, if it exists,
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326 and v:errmsg is set to the error.
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327
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328
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329 Command "normal" ~
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330
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331 The "normal" command is executed like with ":normal!", commands are not
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332 mapped. Example to open the folds under the cursor:
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333 ["normal" "zO"]
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334
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335
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336 Command "expr" with response ~
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337
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338 The "expr" command can be used to get the result of an expression. For
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339 example, to get the number of lines in the current buffer:
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340 ["expr","line('$')", -2] ~
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341
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342 It will send back the result of the expression:
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343 [-2, "last line"] ~
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344 The format is:
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345 [{number}, {result}]
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346
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347 Here {number} is the same as what was in the request. Use a negative number
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348 to avoid confusion with message that Vim sends. Use a different number on
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349 every request to be able to match the request with the response.
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350
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351 {result} is the result of the evaluation and is JSON encoded. If the
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352 evaluation fails or the result can't be encoded in JSON it is the string
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353 "ERROR".
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354
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355
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356 Command "expr" without a response ~
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357
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358 This command is similar to "expr" above, but does not send back any response.
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359 Example:
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360 ["expr","setline('$', ['one', 'two', 'three'])"] ~
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361 There is no third argument in the request.
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362
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363
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364 Command "call" ~
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365
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366 This is similar to "expr", but instead of passing the whole expression as a
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367 string this passes the name of a function and a list of arguments. This
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368 avoids the conversion of the arguments to a string and escaping and
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369 concatenating them. Example:
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370 ["call", "line", ["$"], -2] ~
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372 Leave out the fourth argument if no response is to be sent:
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373 ["call", "setline", ["$", ["one", "two", "three"]]] ~
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375 ==============================================================================
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376 6. Using a RAW or NL channel *channel-raw*
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377
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378 If mode is RAW or NL then a message can be sent like this: >
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379 let response = ch_evalraw(channel, {string})
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380
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381 The {string} is sent as-is. The response will be what can be read from the
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382 channel right away. Since Vim doesn't know how to recognize the end of the
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383 message you need to take care of it yourself. The timeout applies for reading
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384 the first byte, after that it will not wait for anything more.
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385
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386 If mode is "nl" you can send a message in a similar way. You are expected
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387 to put in the NL after each message. Thus you can also send several messages
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388 ending in a NL at once. The response will be the text up to and including the
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389 first NL. This can also be just the NL for an empty response.
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390 If no NL was read before the channel timeout an empty string is returned.
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391
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392 To send a message, without expecting a response: >
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393 call ch_sendraw(channel, {string})
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394 The process can send back a response, the channel handler will be called with
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395 it.
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396
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397 To send a message and letting the response handled by a specific function,
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398 asynchronously: >
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399 call ch_sendraw(channel, {string}, {'callback': 'MyHandler'})
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400
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401 This {string} can also be JSON, use |json_encode()| to create it and
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402 |json_decode()| to handle a received JSON message.
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403
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404 It is not possible to use |ch_evalexpr()| or |ch_sendexpr()| on a raw channel.
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405
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406 A String in Vim cannot contain NUL bytes. To send or receive NUL bytes read
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407 or write from a buffer. See |in_io-buffer| and |out_io-buffer|.
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408
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409 ==============================================================================
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410 7. More channel functions *channel-more*
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411
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412 To obtain the status of a channel: ch_status(channel). The possible results
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413 are:
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414 "fail" Failed to open the channel.
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415 "open" The channel can be used.
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416 "buffered" The channel was closed but there is data to read.
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417 "closed" The channel was closed.
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418
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419 To obtain the job associated with a channel: ch_getjob(channel)
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420
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421 To read one message from a channel: >
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422 let output = ch_read(channel)
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423 This uses the channel timeout. To read without a timeout, just get any
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424 message that is available: >
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425 let output = ch_read(channel, {'timeout': 0})
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426 When no message was available then the result is v:none for a JSON or JS mode
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427 channels, an empty string for a RAW or NL channel. You can use |ch_canread()|
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428 to check if there is something to read.
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429
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430 Note that when there is no callback message are dropped. To avoid that add a
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431 close callback to the channel.
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432
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433 To read all output from a RAW channel that is available: >
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434 let output = ch_readraw(channel)
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435 To read the error output: >
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436 let output = ch_readraw(channel, {"part": "err"})
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437
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438 ch_read() and ch_readraw() use the channel timeout. When there is nothing to
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439 read within that time an empty string is returned. To specify a different
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440 timeout in msec use the "timeout" option:
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441 {"timeout": 123} ~
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442 To read from the error output use the "part" option:
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443 {"part": "err"} ~
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444 To read a message with a specific ID, on a JS or JSON channel:
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445 {"id": 99} ~
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446 When no ID is specified or the ID is -1, the first message is returned. This
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447 overrules any callback waiting for this message.
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448
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449 For a RAW channel this returns whatever is available, since Vim does not know
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450 where a message ends.
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451 For a NL channel this returns one message.
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452 For a JS or JSON channel this returns one decoded message.
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453 This includes any sequence number.
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454
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455 ==============================================================================
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456 8. Starting a job with a channel *job-start* *job*
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457
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458 To start a job and open a channel for stdin/stdout/stderr: >
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459 let job = job_start(command, {options})
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460
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461 You can get the channel with: >
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462 let channel = job_getchannel(job)
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463
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464 The channel will use NL mode. If you want another mode it's best to specify
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465 this in {options}. When changing the mode later some text may have already
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466 been received and not parsed correctly.
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467
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468 If the command produces a line of output that you want to deal with, specify
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469 a handler for stdout: >
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470 let job = job_start(command, {"out_cb": "MyHandler"})
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471 The function will be called with the channel and a message. You would define
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472 it like this: >
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473 func MyHandler(channel, msg)
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474
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475 Without the handler you need to read the output with |ch_read()| or
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476 |ch_readraw()|. You can do this in the close callback, see |read-in-close-cb|.
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477
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478 Note that if the job exits before you read the output, the output may be lost.
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479 This depends on the system (on Unix this happens because closing the write end
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480 of a pipe causes the read end to get EOF). To avoid this make the job sleep
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481 for a short while before it exits.
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482
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483 The handler defined for "out_cb" will not receive stderr. If you want to
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484 handle that separately, add an "err_cb" handler: >
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485 let job = job_start(command, {"out_cb": "MyHandler",
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486 \ "err_cb": "ErrHandler"})
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487
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488 If you want to handle both stderr and stdout with one handler use the
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489 "callback" option: >
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490 let job = job_start(command, {"callback": "MyHandler"})
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491
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492 Depending on the system, starting a job can put Vim in the background, the
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493 started job gets the focus. To avoid that, use the `foreground()` function.
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494 This might not always work when called early, put in the callback handler or
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495 use a timer to call it after the job has started.
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496
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497 You can send a message to the command with ch_evalraw(). If the channel is in
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498 JSON or JS mode you can use ch_evalexpr().
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499
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500 There are several options you can use, see |job-options|.
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501 For example, to start a job and write its output in buffer "dummy": >
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502 let logjob = job_start("tail -f /tmp/log",
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503 \ {'out_io': 'buffer', 'out_name': 'dummy'})
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504 sbuf dummy
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505
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506
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507 Job input from a buffer ~
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508 *in_io-buffer*
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509 To run a job that reads from a buffer: >
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510 let job = job_start({command},
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511 \ {'in_io': 'buffer', 'in_name': 'mybuffer'})
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512 <
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513 *E915* *E918*
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514 The buffer is found by name, similar to |bufnr()|. The buffer must exist and
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515 be loaded when job_start() is called.
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516
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517 By default this reads the whole buffer. This can be changed with the "in_top"
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518 and "in_bot" options.
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519
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520 A special mode is when "in_top" is set to zero and "in_bot" is not set: Every
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521 time a line is added to the buffer, the last-but-one line will be send to the
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522 job stdin. This allows for editing the last line and sending it when pressing
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523 Enter.
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524 *channel-close-in*
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525 When not using the special mode the pipe or socket will be closed after the
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526 last line has been written. This signals the reading end that the input
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527 finished. You can also use |ch_close_in()| to close it sooner.
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528
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529 NUL bytes in the text will be passed to the job (internally Vim stores these
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530 as NL bytes).
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531
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532
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533 Reading job output in the close callback ~
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534 *read-in-close-cb*
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535 If the job can take some time and you don't need intermediate results, you can
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536 add a close callback and read the output there: >
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537
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538 func! CloseHandler(channel)
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539 while ch_status(a:channel, {'part': 'out'}) == 'buffered'
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540 echomsg ch_read(a:channel)
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541 endwhile
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542 endfunc
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543 let job = job_start(command, {'close_cb': 'CloseHandler'})
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544
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545 You will want to do something more useful than "echomsg".
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546
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547 ==============================================================================
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548 9. Starting a job without a channel *job-start-nochannel*
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549
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550 To start another process without creating a channel: >
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551 let job = job_start(command,
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552 \ {"in_io": "null", "out_io": "null", "err_io": "null"})
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553
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554 This starts {command} in the background, Vim does not wait for it to finish.
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555
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556 When Vim sees that neither stdin, stdout or stderr are connected, no channel
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557 will be created. Often you will want to include redirection in the command to
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558 avoid it getting stuck.
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559
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560 There are several options you can use, see |job-options|.
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561
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562 *job-start-if-needed*
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563 To start a job only when connecting to an address does not work, do something
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564 like this: >
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565 let channel = ch_open(address, {"waittime": 0})
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566 if ch_status(channel) == "fail"
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567 let job = job_start(command)
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568 let channel = ch_open(address, {"waittime": 1000})
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569 endif
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570
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571 Note that the waittime for ch_open() gives the job one second to make the port
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572 available.
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573
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574 ==============================================================================
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575 10. Job options *job-options*
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576
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577 The {options} argument in job_start() is a dictionary. All entries are
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578 optional. Some options can be used after the job has started, using
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diff changeset
579 job_setoptions(job, {options}). Many options can be used with the channel
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diff changeset
580 related to the job, using ch_setoptions(channel, {options}).
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diff changeset
581 See |job_setoptions()| and |ch_setoptions()|.
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582
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583 *in_mode* *out_mode* *err_mode*
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diff changeset
584 "in_mode" mode specifically for stdin, only when using pipes
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585 "out_mode" mode specifically for stdout, only when using pipes
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diff changeset
586 "err_mode" mode specifically for stderr, only when using pipes
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diff changeset
587 See |channel-mode| for the values.
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diff changeset
588
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589 Note: when setting "mode" the part specific mode is
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diff changeset
590 overwritten. Therefore set "mode" first and the part
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591 specific mode later.
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592
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593 Note: when writing to a file or buffer and when
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594 reading from a buffer NL mode is used by default.
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diff changeset
595
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596 *job-callback*
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597 "callback": handler Callback for something to read on any part of the
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598 channel.
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599 *job-out_cb* *out_cb*
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600 "out_cb": handler Callback for when there is something to read on
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601 stdout. Only for when the channel uses pipes. When
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602 "out_cb" wasn't set the channel callback is used.
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diff changeset
603 The two arguments are the channel and the message.
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604
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diff changeset
605 *job-err_cb* *err_cb*
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606 "err_cb": handler Callback for when there is something to read on
8748
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diff changeset
607 stderr. Only for when the channel uses pipes. When
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diff changeset
608 "err_cb" wasn't set the channel callback is used.
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609 The two arguments are the channel and the message.
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610 *job-close_cb*
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611 "close_cb": handler Callback for when the channel is closed. Same as
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612 "close_cb" on |ch_open()|, see |close_cb|.
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613 *job-drop*
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614 "drop" Specifies when to drop messages. Same as "drop" on
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615 |ch_open()|, see |channel-drop|. For "auto" the
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616 exit_cb is not considered.
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617 *job-exit_cb*
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618 "exit_cb": handler Callback for when the job ends. The arguments are the
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619 job and the exit status.
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620 Vim checks up to 10 times per second for jobs that
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621 ended. The check can also be triggered by calling
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622 |job_status()|, which may then invoke the exit_cb
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623 handler.
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624 Note that data can be buffered, callbacks may still be
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625 called after the process ends.
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626 *job-timeout*
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627 "timeout" The time to wait for a request when blocking, E.g.
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628 when using ch_evalexpr(). In milliseconds. The
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629 default is 2000 (2 seconds).
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630 *out_timeout* *err_timeout*
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631 "out_timeout" Timeout for stdout. Only when using pipes.
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632 "err_timeout" Timeout for stderr. Only when using pipes.
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633 Note: when setting "timeout" the part specific mode is
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634 overwritten. Therefore set "timeout" first and the
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diff changeset
635 part specific mode later.
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636
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637 *job-stoponexit*
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638 "stoponexit": {signal} Send {signal} to the job when Vim exits. See
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639 |job_stop()| for possible values.
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640 "stoponexit": "" Do not stop the job when Vim exits.
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641 The default is "term".
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642
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643 *job-term*
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644 "term": "open" Start a terminal and connect the job
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645 stdin/stdout/stderr to it.
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646 NOTE: Not implemented yet!
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647
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648 "channel": {channel} Use an existing channel instead of creating a new one.
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649 The parts of the channel that get used for the new job
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650 will be disconnected from what they were used before.
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651 If the channel was still used by another job this may
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652 cause I/O errors.
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653 Existing callbacks and other settings remain.
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654
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655 *job-in_io* *in_top* *in_bot* *in_name* *in_buf*
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656 "in_io": "null" disconnect stdin (read from /dev/null)
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diff changeset
657 "in_io": "pipe" stdin is connected to the channel (default)
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658 "in_io": "file" stdin reads from a file
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659 "in_io": "buffer" stdin reads from a buffer
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660 "in_top": number when using "buffer": first line to send (default: 1)
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661 "in_bot": number when using "buffer": last line to send (default: last)
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662 "in_name": "/path/file" the name of the file or buffer to read from
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663 "in_buf": number the number of the buffer to read from
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664
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665 *job-out_io* *out_name* *out_buf*
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666 "out_io": "null" disconnect stdout (goes to /dev/null)
fec8655cf1bf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/d6c2f0526064eef6f8917d2bad00df707d79ea16
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667 "out_io": "pipe" stdout is connected to the channel (default)
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668 "out_io": "file" stdout writes to a file
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669 "out_io": "buffer" stdout appends to a buffer (see below)
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670 "out_name": "/path/file" the name of the file or buffer to write to
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671 "out_buf": number the number of the buffer to write to
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parents: 9116
diff changeset
672 "out_modifiable": 0 when writing to a buffer, 'modifiable' will be off
053bc64433ec commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/9f5842e63fc63d438cbffcec503e072a06f74dc2
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9116
diff changeset
673 (see below)
10147
65afd399ffa7 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/169ebb080454357279ad5ad21ac532deaec605e8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 10054
diff changeset
674 "out_msg": 0 when writing to a new buffer, the first line will be
65afd399ffa7 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/169ebb080454357279ad5ad21ac532deaec605e8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 10054
diff changeset
675 set to "Reading from channel output..."
8267
108d30ed34ba commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/187db50d0499aecf4cfd42fb4db0a1bebf61c8cd
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8246
diff changeset
676
8540
fec8655cf1bf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/d6c2f0526064eef6f8917d2bad00df707d79ea16
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8497
diff changeset
677 *job-err_io* *err_name* *err_buf*
fec8655cf1bf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/d6c2f0526064eef6f8917d2bad00df707d79ea16
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8497
diff changeset
678 "err_io": "out" stderr messages to go to stdout
fec8655cf1bf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/d6c2f0526064eef6f8917d2bad00df707d79ea16
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8497
diff changeset
679 "err_io": "null" disconnect stderr (goes to /dev/null)
fec8655cf1bf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/d6c2f0526064eef6f8917d2bad00df707d79ea16
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8497
diff changeset
680 "err_io": "pipe" stderr is connected to the channel (default)
fec8655cf1bf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/d6c2f0526064eef6f8917d2bad00df707d79ea16
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8497
diff changeset
681 "err_io": "file" stderr writes to a file
10449
222b1432814e commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/5162822914372fc916a93f85848c0c82209e7cec
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 10426
diff changeset
682 "err_io": "buffer" stderr appends to a buffer (see below)
8540
fec8655cf1bf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/d6c2f0526064eef6f8917d2bad00df707d79ea16
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8497
diff changeset
683 "err_name": "/path/file" the name of the file or buffer to write to
fec8655cf1bf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/d6c2f0526064eef6f8917d2bad00df707d79ea16
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8497
diff changeset
684 "err_buf": number the number of the buffer to write to
9147
053bc64433ec commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/9f5842e63fc63d438cbffcec503e072a06f74dc2
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9116
diff changeset
685 "err_modifiable": 0 when writing to a buffer, 'modifiable' will be off
053bc64433ec commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/9f5842e63fc63d438cbffcec503e072a06f74dc2
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9116
diff changeset
686 (see below)
10147
65afd399ffa7 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/169ebb080454357279ad5ad21ac532deaec605e8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 10054
diff changeset
687 "err_msg": 0 when writing to a new buffer, the first line will be
65afd399ffa7 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/169ebb080454357279ad5ad21ac532deaec605e8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 10054
diff changeset
688 set to "Reading from channel error..."
8497
da01d5da2cfa commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/77cdfd10382e01cc51f4ba1a9177032351843151
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8440
diff changeset
689
8795
aba2d0a01290 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/7db8f6f4f85e5d0526d23107b2a5e2334dc23354
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8748
diff changeset
690 "block_write": number only for testing: pretend every other write to stdin
aba2d0a01290 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/7db8f6f4f85e5d0526d23107b2a5e2334dc23354
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8748
diff changeset
691 will block
aba2d0a01290 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/7db8f6f4f85e5d0526d23107b2a5e2334dc23354
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8748
diff changeset
692
8497
da01d5da2cfa commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/77cdfd10382e01cc51f4ba1a9177032351843151
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8440
diff changeset
693
da01d5da2cfa commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/77cdfd10382e01cc51f4ba1a9177032351843151
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8440
diff changeset
694 Writing to a buffer ~
10004
8061455d9179 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/818078ddfbb8cc2546f697c5675a251d095722ec
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9969
diff changeset
695 *out_io-buffer*
8540
fec8655cf1bf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/d6c2f0526064eef6f8917d2bad00df707d79ea16
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8497
diff changeset
696 When the out_io or err_io mode is "buffer" and there is a callback, the text
8440
4c6ad81d41fe commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/5f148ec0b5a6cedd9129b3abac351034b83cc4f7
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8392
diff changeset
697 is appended to the buffer before invoking the callback.
4c6ad81d41fe commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/5f148ec0b5a6cedd9129b3abac351034b83cc4f7
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8392
diff changeset
698
4c6ad81d41fe commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/5f148ec0b5a6cedd9129b3abac351034b83cc4f7
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8392
diff changeset
699 When a buffer is used both for input and output, the output lines are put
4c6ad81d41fe commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/5f148ec0b5a6cedd9129b3abac351034b83cc4f7
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8392
diff changeset
700 above the last line, since the last line is what is written to the channel
8497
da01d5da2cfa commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/77cdfd10382e01cc51f4ba1a9177032351843151
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8440
diff changeset
701 input. Otherwise lines are appended below the last line.
8291
ac0c43e7af20 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c7f0ebc6d1e1cdaed816b88a0d6092c5ace615eb
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8285
diff changeset
702
8392
1bf1b88968a2 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/328da0dcb7be34b594725eef6dc98d3ea6516d69
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8291
diff changeset
703 When using JS or JSON mode with "buffer", only messages with zero or negative
1bf1b88968a2 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/328da0dcb7be34b594725eef6dc98d3ea6516d69
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8291
diff changeset
704 ID will be added to the buffer, after decoding + encoding. Messages with a
1bf1b88968a2 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/328da0dcb7be34b594725eef6dc98d3ea6516d69
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8291
diff changeset
705 positive number will be handled by a callback, commands are handled as usual.
1bf1b88968a2 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/328da0dcb7be34b594725eef6dc98d3ea6516d69
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8291
diff changeset
706
9227
ecb621205ed1 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/82af8710bf8d1caeeceafb1370a052cb7d92f076
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9147
diff changeset
707 The name of the buffer from "out_name" or "err_name" is compared the full name
ecb621205ed1 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/82af8710bf8d1caeeceafb1370a052cb7d92f076
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9147
diff changeset
708 of existing buffers, also after expanding the name for the current directory.
ecb621205ed1 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/82af8710bf8d1caeeceafb1370a052cb7d92f076
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9147
diff changeset
709 E.g., when a buffer was created with ":edit somename" and the buffer name is
ecb621205ed1 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/82af8710bf8d1caeeceafb1370a052cb7d92f076
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9147
diff changeset
710 "somename" it will use that buffer.
ecb621205ed1 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/82af8710bf8d1caeeceafb1370a052cb7d92f076
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9147
diff changeset
711
ecb621205ed1 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/82af8710bf8d1caeeceafb1370a052cb7d92f076
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9147
diff changeset
712 If there is no matching buffer a new buffer is created. Use an empty name to
ecb621205ed1 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/82af8710bf8d1caeeceafb1370a052cb7d92f076
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9147
diff changeset
713 always create a new buffer. |ch_getbufnr()| can then be used to get the
ecb621205ed1 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/82af8710bf8d1caeeceafb1370a052cb7d92f076
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9147
diff changeset
714 buffer number.
8291
ac0c43e7af20 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c7f0ebc6d1e1cdaed816b88a0d6092c5ace615eb
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8285
diff changeset
715
ac0c43e7af20 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c7f0ebc6d1e1cdaed816b88a0d6092c5ace615eb
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8285
diff changeset
716 For a new buffer 'buftype' is set to "nofile" and 'bufhidden' to "hide". If
ac0c43e7af20 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c7f0ebc6d1e1cdaed816b88a0d6092c5ace615eb
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8285
diff changeset
717 you prefer other settings, create the buffer first and pass the buffer number.
10147
65afd399ffa7 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/169ebb080454357279ad5ad21ac532deaec605e8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 10054
diff changeset
718 *out_modifiable* *err_modifiable*
65afd399ffa7 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/169ebb080454357279ad5ad21ac532deaec605e8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 10054
diff changeset
719 The "out_modifiable" and "err_modifiable" options can be used to set the
65afd399ffa7 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/169ebb080454357279ad5ad21ac532deaec605e8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 10054
diff changeset
720 'modifiable' option off, or write to a buffer that has 'modifiable' off. That
65afd399ffa7 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/169ebb080454357279ad5ad21ac532deaec605e8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 10054
diff changeset
721 means that lines will be appended to the buffer, but the user can't easily
65afd399ffa7 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/169ebb080454357279ad5ad21ac532deaec605e8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 10054
diff changeset
722 change the buffer.
65afd399ffa7 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/169ebb080454357279ad5ad21ac532deaec605e8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 10054
diff changeset
723 *out_msg* *err_msg*
65afd399ffa7 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/169ebb080454357279ad5ad21ac532deaec605e8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 10054
diff changeset
724 The "out_msg" option can be used to specify whether a new buffer will have the
65afd399ffa7 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/169ebb080454357279ad5ad21ac532deaec605e8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 10054
diff changeset
725 first line set to "Reading from channel output...". The default is to add the
65afd399ffa7 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/169ebb080454357279ad5ad21ac532deaec605e8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 10054
diff changeset
726 message. "err_msg" does the same for channel error.
8267
108d30ed34ba commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/187db50d0499aecf4cfd42fb4db0a1bebf61c8cd
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8246
diff changeset
727
9147
053bc64433ec commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/9f5842e63fc63d438cbffcec503e072a06f74dc2
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9116
diff changeset
728 'modifiable' option off, or write to a buffer that has 'modifiable' off. That
053bc64433ec commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/9f5842e63fc63d438cbffcec503e072a06f74dc2
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9116
diff changeset
729 means that lines will be appended to the buffer, but the user can't easily
053bc64433ec commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/9f5842e63fc63d438cbffcec503e072a06f74dc2
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9116
diff changeset
730 change the buffer.
053bc64433ec commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/9f5842e63fc63d438cbffcec503e072a06f74dc2
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9116
diff changeset
731
053bc64433ec commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/9f5842e63fc63d438cbffcec503e072a06f74dc2
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9116
diff changeset
732 When an existing buffer is to be written where 'modifiable' is off and the
053bc64433ec commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/9f5842e63fc63d438cbffcec503e072a06f74dc2
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9116
diff changeset
733 "out_modifiable" or "err_modifiable" options is not zero, an error is given
053bc64433ec commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/9f5842e63fc63d438cbffcec503e072a06f74dc2
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9116
diff changeset
734 and the buffer will not be written to.
053bc64433ec commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/9f5842e63fc63d438cbffcec503e072a06f74dc2
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9116
diff changeset
735
8267
108d30ed34ba commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/187db50d0499aecf4cfd42fb4db0a1bebf61c8cd
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8246
diff changeset
736 When the buffer written to is displayed in a window and the cursor is in the
108d30ed34ba commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/187db50d0499aecf4cfd42fb4db0a1bebf61c8cd
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8246
diff changeset
737 first column of the last line, the cursor will be moved to the newly added
108d30ed34ba commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/187db50d0499aecf4cfd42fb4db0a1bebf61c8cd
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8246
diff changeset
738 line and the window is scrolled up to show the cursor if needed.
108d30ed34ba commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/187db50d0499aecf4cfd42fb4db0a1bebf61c8cd
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8246
diff changeset
739
9464
be72f4201a1d commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/063b9d15abea041a5bfff3ffc4e219e26fd1d4fa
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9227
diff changeset
740 Undo is synced for every added line. NUL bytes are accepted (internally Vim
be72f4201a1d commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/063b9d15abea041a5bfff3ffc4e219e26fd1d4fa
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 9227
diff changeset
741 stores these as NL bytes).
8061
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
diff changeset
742
8497
da01d5da2cfa commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/77cdfd10382e01cc51f4ba1a9177032351843151
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8440
diff changeset
743
da01d5da2cfa commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/77cdfd10382e01cc51f4ba1a9177032351843151
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8440
diff changeset
744 Writing to a file ~
8540
fec8655cf1bf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/d6c2f0526064eef6f8917d2bad00df707d79ea16
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8497
diff changeset
745 *E920*
8497
da01d5da2cfa commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/77cdfd10382e01cc51f4ba1a9177032351843151
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8440
diff changeset
746 The file is created with permissions 600 (read-write for the user, not
da01d5da2cfa commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/77cdfd10382e01cc51f4ba1a9177032351843151
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8440
diff changeset
747 accessible for others). Use |setfperm()| to change this.
da01d5da2cfa commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/77cdfd10382e01cc51f4ba1a9177032351843151
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8440
diff changeset
748
da01d5da2cfa commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/77cdfd10382e01cc51f4ba1a9177032351843151
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8440
diff changeset
749 If the file already exists it is truncated.
da01d5da2cfa commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/77cdfd10382e01cc51f4ba1a9177032351843151
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 8440
diff changeset
750
8061
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
diff changeset
751 ==============================================================================
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
diff changeset
752 11. Controlling a job *job-control*
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
diff changeset
753
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
diff changeset
754 To get the status of a job: >
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
diff changeset
755 echo job_status(job)
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
diff changeset
756
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
diff changeset
757 To make a job stop running: >
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
diff changeset
758 job_stop(job)
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
diff changeset
759
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
diff changeset
760 This is the normal way to end a job. On Unix it sends a SIGTERM to the job.
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
diff changeset
761 It is possible to use other ways to stop the job, or even send arbitrary
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
diff changeset
762 signals. E.g. to force a job to stop, "kill it": >
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
diff changeset
763 job_stop(job, "kill")
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
diff changeset
764
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
diff changeset
765 For more options see |job_stop()|.
7788
192ae655ac91 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/3b5f929b18492fec291d1ec95a91f54e5912c03b
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766
192ae655ac91 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/3b5f929b18492fec291d1ec95a91f54e5912c03b
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767
192ae655ac91 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/3b5f929b18492fec291d1ec95a91f54e5912c03b
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: