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annotate runtime/doc/channel.txt @ 7935:3f2e0b62003d v7.4.1263

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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/4d919d748e4e435edb135aa5ccf6ee7de9212023 Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> Date: Fri Feb 5 22:36:41 2016 +0100 patch 7.4.1263 Problem: ch_open() hangs when the server isn't running. Solution: Add a timeout. Use a dict to pass arguments. (Yasuhiro Matsumoto)
author Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
date Fri, 05 Feb 2016 22:45:06 +0100
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children b74549818500
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1 *channel.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2016 Feb 05
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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7 Inter-process communication *channel*
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9 DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT
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11 Vim uses channels to communicate with other processes.
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12 A channel uses a socket. *socket-interface*
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13
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14 Vim current supports up to 10 simultaneous channels.
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15 The Netbeans interface also uses a channel. |netbeans|
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17 1. Demo |channel-demo|
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18 2. Opening a channel |channel-open|
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19 3. Using a JSON channel |channel-use|
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20 4. Vim commands |channel-commands|
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21 5. Using a raw channel |channel-use|
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22 6. Job control |job-control|
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24 {Vi does not have any of these features}
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25 {only available when compiled with the |+channel| feature}
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27 ==============================================================================
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28 1. Demo *channel-demo*
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30 This requires Python. The demo program can be found in
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31 $VIMRUNTIME/tools/demoserver.py
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32 Run it in one terminal. We will call this T1.
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34 Run Vim in another terminal. Connect to the demo server with: >
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35 let handle = ch_open('localhost:8765')
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37 In T1 you should see:
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38 === socket opened === ~
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40 You can now send a message to the server: >
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41 echo ch_sendexpr(handle, 'hello!')
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43 The message is received in T1 and a response is sent back to Vim.
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44 You can see the raw messages in T1. What Vim sends is:
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45 [1,"hello!"] ~
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46 And the response is:
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47 [1,"got it"] ~
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48 The number will increase every time you send a message.
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50 The server can send a command to Vim. Type this on T1 (literally, including
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51 the quotes):
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52 ["ex","echo 'hi there'"] ~
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53 And you should see the message in Vim. You can move the cursor a word forward:
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54 ["normal","w"] ~
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56 To handle asynchronous communication a callback needs to be used: >
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57 func MyHandler(handle, msg)
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58 echo "from the handler: " . a:msg
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59 endfunc
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60 call ch_sendexpr(handle, 'hello!', "MyHandler")
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62 Instead of giving a callback with every send call, it can also be specified
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63 when opening the channel: >
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64 call ch_close(handle)
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65 let handle = ch_open('localhost:8765', {'callback': "MyHandler"})
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66 call ch_sendexpr(handle, 'hello!', 0)
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68 ==============================================================================
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69 2. Opening a channel *channel-open*
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70
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71 To open a channel: >
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72 let handle = ch_open({address} [, {argdict}])
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74 {address} has the form "hostname:port". E.g., "localhost:8765".
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75
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76 {argdict} is a dictionary with optional entries:
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78 "mode" can be: *channel-mode*
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79 "json" - Use JSON, see below; most convenient way. Default.
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80 "raw" - Use raw messages
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82 *channel-callback*
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83 "callback" is a function that is called when a message is received that is not
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84 handled otherwise. It gets two arguments: the channel handle and the received
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85 message. Example: >
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86 func Handle(handle, msg)
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87 echo 'Received: ' . a:msg
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88 endfunc
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89 let handle = ch_open("localhost:8765", 'json', "Handle")
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90
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91 "waittime" is the time to wait for the connection to be made in milliseconds.
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92 The default is zero, don't wait, which is useful if the server is supposed to
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93 be running already. A negative number waits forever.
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95 "timeout" is the time to wait for a request when blocking, using
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96 ch_sendexpr(). Again in millisecons. The default si 2000 (2 seconds).
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97
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98 When "mode" is "json" the "msg" argument is the body of the received message,
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99 converted to Vim types.
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100 When "mode" is "raw" the "msg" argument is the whole message as a string.
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101
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102 When "mode" is "json" the "callback" is optional. When omitted it is only
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103 possible to receive a message after sending one.
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104
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105 The handler can be added or changed later: >
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106 call ch_setcallback(handle, {callback})
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107 When "callback is empty (zero or an empty string) the handler is removed.
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108 NOT IMPLEMENTED YET
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109
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110 The timeout can be changed later: >
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111 call ch_settimeout(handle, {msec})
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112 NOT IMPLEMENTED YET
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113
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114 Once done with the channel, disconnect it like this: >
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115 call ch_close(handle)
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116
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117 Currently up to 10 channels can be in use at the same time. *E897*
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118
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119 When the channel can't be opened you will get an error message.
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120 *E898* *E899* *E900* *E901* *E902*
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121
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122 If there is an error reading or writing a channel it will be closed.
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123 *E896* *E630* *E631*
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124
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125 ==============================================================================
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126 3. Using a JSON channel *channel-use*
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127
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128 If {mode} is "json" then a message can be sent synchronously like this: >
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129 let response = ch_sendexpr(handle, {expr})
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130 This awaits a response from the other side.
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131
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132 To send a message, without handling a response: >
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133 call ch_sendexpr(handle, {expr}, 0)
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134
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135 To send a message and letting the response handled by a specific function,
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136 asynchronously: >
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137 call ch_sendexpr(handle, {expr}, {callback})
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138
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139 The {expr} is converted to JSON and wrapped in an array. An example of the
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140 message that the receiver will get when {expr} is the string "hello":
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141 [12,"hello"] ~
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142
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143 The format of the JSON sent is:
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144 [{number},{expr}]
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145
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146 In which {number} is different every time. It must be used in the response
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147 (if any):
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149 [{number},{response}]
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151 This way Vim knows which sent message matches with which received message and
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152 can call the right handler. Also when the messages arrive out of order.
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153
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154 The sender must always send valid JSON to Vim. Vim can check for the end of
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155 the message by parsing the JSON. It will only accept the message if the end
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156 was received.
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157
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158 When the process wants to send a message to Vim without first receiving a
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159 message, it must use the number zero:
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160 [0,{response}]
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161
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162 Then channel handler will then get {response} converted to Vim types. If the
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163 channel does not have a handler the message is dropped.
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164
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165 On read error or ch_close() the string "DETACH" is sent, if still possible.
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166 The channel will then be inactive.
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167
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168 ==============================================================================
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169 4. Vim commands *channel-commands*
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170
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171 PARTLY IMPLEMENTED: only "ex" and "normal" work
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172
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173 With a "json" channel the process can send commands to Vim that will be
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174 handled by Vim internally, it does not require a handler for the channel.
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175
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176 Possible commands are: *E903* *E904* *E905*
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177 ["redraw" {forced}]
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178 ["ex", {Ex command}]
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179 ["normal", {Normal mode command}]
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180 ["eval", {expression}, {number}]
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181 ["expr", {expression}]
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182
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183 With all of these: Be careful what these commands do! You can easily
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184 interfere with what the user is doing. To avoid trouble use |mode()| to check
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185 that the editor is in the expected state. E.g., to send keys that must be
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186 inserted as text, not executed as a command:
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187 ["ex","if mode() == 'i' | call feedkeys('ClassName') | endif"] ~
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188
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189 Errors in these commands are normally not reported to avoid them messing up
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190 the display. If you do want to see them, set the 'verbose' option to 3 or
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191 higher.
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192
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193
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194 Command "redraw" ~
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195
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196 The other commands do not update the screen, so that you can send a sequence
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197 of commands without the cursor moving around. You must end with the "redraw"
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198 command to show any changed text and show the cursor where it belongs.
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199
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200 The argument is normally an empty string:
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201 ["redraw", ""] ~
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202 To first clear the screen pass "force":
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203 ["redraw", "force"] ~
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204
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205
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206 Command "ex" ~
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207
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208 The "ex" command is executed as any Ex command. There is no response for
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209 completion or error. You could use functions in an |autoload| script:
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210 ["ex","call myscript#MyFunc(arg)"]
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211
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212 You can also use "call |feedkeys()|" to insert any key sequence.
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213
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214
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215 Command "normal" ~
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216
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217 The "normal" command is executed like with ":normal!", commands are not
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218 mapped. Example to open the folds under the cursor:
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219 ["normal" "zO"]
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220
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221
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222 Command "eval" ~
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223
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224 The "eval" command an be used to get the result of an expression. For
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225 example, to get the number of lines in the current buffer:
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226 ["eval","line('$')"] ~
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227
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228 it will send back the result of the expression:
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229 [{number}, {result}]
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230 Here {number} is the same as what was in the request. Use a negative number
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231 to avoid confusion with message that Vim sends.
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232
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233 {result} is the result of the evaluation and is JSON encoded. If the
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234 evaluation fails it is the string "ERROR".
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235
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236
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237 Command "expr" ~
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238
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239 The "expr" command is similar to "eval", but does not send back any response.
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240 Example:
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241 ["expr","setline('$', ['one', 'two', 'three'])"] ~
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243 ==============================================================================
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244 5. Using a raw channel *channel-raw*
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246 If {mode} is "raw" then a message can be send like this: >
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247 let response = ch_sendraw(handle, {string})
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248 The {string} is sent as-is. The response will be what can be read from the
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249 channel right away. Since Vim doesn't know how to recognize the end of the
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250 message you need to take care of it yourself.
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251
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252 To send a message, without expecting a response: >
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253 call ch_sendraw(handle, {string}, 0)
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254 The process can send back a response, the channel handler will be called with
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255 it.
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257 To send a message and letting the response handled by a specific function,
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258 asynchronously: >
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259 call ch_sendraw(handle, {string}, {callback})
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261 This {string} can also be JSON, use |jsonencode()| to create it and
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262 |jsondecode()| to handle a received JSON message.
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264 ==============================================================================
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265 6. Job control *job-control*
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267 NOT IMPLEMENTED YET
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269 To start another process: >
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270 call startjob({command})
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272 This does not wait for {command} to exit.
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274 TODO:
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276 let handle = startjob({command}, 's') # uses stdin/stdout
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277 let handle = startjob({command}, '', {address}) # uses socket
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278 let handle = startjob({command}, 'd', {address}) # start if connect fails
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281 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: