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annotate runtime/doc/channel.txt @ 8094:18a3f0f05244 v7.4.1341

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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/910b8aac5dc4693c4508b7acd2cef0bbfac04242 Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> Date: Tue Feb 16 21:03:07 2016 +0100 patch 7.4.1341 Problem: It's difficult to add more arguments to ch_sendraw() and ch_sendexpr(). Solution: Make the third option a dictionary.
author Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
date Tue, 16 Feb 2016 21:15:05 +0100
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children f5da459c5698
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1 *channel.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2016 Feb 16
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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7 Inter-process communication *channel*
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9 DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT
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11 Vim uses channels to communicate with other processes.
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12 A channel uses a socket or pipes *socket-interface*
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13 Jobs can be used to start processes and communicate with them.
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15 Vim current supports up to 10 simultaneous channels.
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16 The Netbeans interface also uses a channel. |netbeans|
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18 1. Overview |job-channel-overview|
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19 2. Channel demo |channel-demo|
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20 3. Opening a channel |channel-open|
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21 4. Using a JSON or JS channel |channel-use|
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22 5. Channel commands |channel-commands|
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23 6. Using a RAW or NL channel |channel-raw|
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24 7. More channel functions |channel-more|
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25 8. Starting a job with a channel |job-start|
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26 9. Starting a job without a channel |job-start-nochannel|
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27 10. Job options |job-options|
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28 11. Controlling a job |job-control|
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30 {Vi does not have any of these features}
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31 {only when compiled with the |+channel| feature for channel stuff}
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32 {only when compiled with the |+job| feature for job stuff}
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34 ==============================================================================
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35 1. Overview *job-channel-overview*
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37 There are four main types of jobs:
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38 1. A deamon, serving several Vim instances.
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39 Vim connects to it with a socket.
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40 2. One job working with one Vim instance, asynchronously.
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41 Uses a socket or pipes.
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42 3. A job performing some work for a short time, asynchronously.
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43 Uses a socket or pipes.
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44 4. Running a filter, synchronously.
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45 Uses pipes.
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47 For when using sockets See |job-start|, |job-may-start| and |channel-open|.
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48 For 2 and 3, one or more jobs using pipes, see |job-start|.
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49 For 4 use the ":{range}!cmd" command, see |filter|.
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51 Over the socket and pipes these protocols are available:
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52 RAW nothing known, Vim cannot tell where a message ends
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53 NL every message ends in a NL (newline) character
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54 JSON JSON encoding |json_encode()|
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55 JS JavaScript style JSON-like encoding |js_encode()|
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57 Common combination are:
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58 - Using a job connected through pipes in NL mode. E.g., to run a style
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59 checker and receive errors and warnings.
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60 - Using a deamon, connecting over a socket in JSON mode. E.g. to lookup
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61 crosss-refrences in a database.
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63 ==============================================================================
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64 2. Channel demo *channel-demo*
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66 This requires Python. The demo program can be found in
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67 $VIMRUNTIME/tools/demoserver.py
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68 Run it in one terminal. We will call this T1.
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70 Run Vim in another terminal. Connect to the demo server with: >
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71 let channel = ch_open('localhost:8765')
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73 In T1 you should see:
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74 === socket opened === ~
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76 You can now send a message to the server: >
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77 echo ch_sendexpr(channel, 'hello!')
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79 The message is received in T1 and a response is sent back to Vim.
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80 You can see the raw messages in T1. What Vim sends is:
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81 [1,"hello!"] ~
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82 And the response is:
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83 [1,"got it"] ~
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84 The number will increase every time you send a message.
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86 The server can send a command to Vim. Type this on T1 (literally, including
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87 the quotes):
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88 ["ex","echo 'hi there'"] ~
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89 And you should see the message in Vim. You can move the cursor a word forward:
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90 ["normal","w"] ~
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92 To handle asynchronous communication a callback needs to be used: >
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93 func MyHandler(channel, msg)
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94 echo "from the handler: " . a:msg
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95 endfunc
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96 call ch_sendexpr(channel, 'hello!', "MyHandler")
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97 Vim will not wait for a response. Now the server can send the response later
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98 and MyHandler will be invoked.
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99
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100 Instead of giving a callback with every send call, it can also be specified
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101 when opening the channel: >
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102 call ch_close(channel)
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103 let channel = ch_open('localhost:8765', {'callback': "MyHandler"})
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104 call ch_sendexpr(channel, 'hello!', 0)
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105
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106 ==============================================================================
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107 3. Opening a channel *channel-open*
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108
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109 To open a channel: >
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110 let channel = ch_open({address} [, {options}])
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111
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112 Use |ch_status()| to see if the channel could be opened.
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113
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114 {address} has the form "hostname:port". E.g., "localhost:8765".
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115
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116 {options} is a dictionary with optional entries:
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117
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118 "mode" can be: *channel-mode*
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119 "json" - Use JSON, see below; most convenient way. Default.
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120 "js" - Use JS (JavaScript) encoding, more efficient than JSON.
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121 "nl" - Use messages that end in a NL character
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122 "raw" - Use raw messages
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123
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124 *channel-callback*
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125 "callback" A function that is called when a message is received that is
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126 not handled otherwise. It gets two arguments: the channel
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127 handle and the received message. Example: >
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128 func Handle(channel, msg)
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129 echo 'Received: ' . a:msg
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130 endfunc
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131 let channel = ch_open("localhost:8765", {"callback": "Handle"})
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132 <
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133 TODO:
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134 "err-cb" A function like "callback" but used for stderr. Only for when
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135 the channel uses pipes.
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136
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137 TODO:
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138 "close-cb" A function that is called when the channel gets closed, other
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139 than by calling ch_close(). It should be defined like this: >
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140 func MyCloseHandler(channel)
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141
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142 "waittime" The time to wait for the connection to be made in
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143 milliseconds. The default is zero, don't wait, which is
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144 useful if the server is supposed to be running already. A
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145 negative number waits forever.
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146
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147 "timeout" The time to wait for a request when blocking, using
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148 ch_sendexpr(). Again in milliseconds. The default is 2000 (2
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149 seconds).
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150
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151 When "mode" is "json" or "js" the "msg" argument is the body of the received
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152 message, converted to Vim types.
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153 When "mode" is "raw" the "msg" argument is the whole message as a string.
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154
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155 When "mode" is "json" or "js" the "callback" is optional. When omitted it is
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156 only possible to receive a message after sending one.
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157
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158 TODO:
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159 To change the channel options after opening it use ch_setoptions(). The
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160 arguments are similar to what is passed to ch_open(), but "waittime" cannot be
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161 given, since that only applies to opening the channel.
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162
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163 The handler can be added or changed: >
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164 call ch_setoptions(channel, {'callback': callback})
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165 When "callback" is empty (zero or an empty string) the handler is removed.
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166
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167 The timeout can be changed: >
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168 call ch_setoptions(channel, {'timeout': msec})
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169 <
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170 *E906*
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171 Once done with the channel, disconnect it like this: >
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172 call ch_close(channel)
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173 When a socket is used this will close the socket for both directions. When
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174 pipes are used (stdin/stdout/stderr) they are all closed. This might not be
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175 what you want! Stopping the job with job_stop() might be better.
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176
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177 TODO:
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178 Currently up to 10 channels can be in use at the same time. *E897*
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179
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180 When the channel can't be opened you will get an error message. There is a
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181 difference between MS-Windows and Unix: On Unix when the port doesn't exist
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182 ch_open() fails quickly. On MS-Windows "waittime" applies.
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183 *E898* *E899* *E900* *E901* *E902*
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184
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185 If there is an error reading or writing a channel it will be closed.
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186 *E896* *E630* *E631*
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187
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188 ==============================================================================
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189 4. Using a JSON or JS channel *channel-use*
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190
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191 If mode is JSON then a message can be sent synchronously like this: >
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192 let response = ch_sendexpr(channel, {expr})
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193 This awaits a response from the other side.
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194
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195 When mode is JS this works the same, except that the messages use
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196 JavaScript encoding. See |js_encode()| for the difference.
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197
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198 To send a message, without handling a response: >
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199 call ch_sendexpr(channel, {expr}, 0)
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200
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201 To send a message and letting the response handled by a specific function,
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202 asynchronously: >
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203 call ch_sendexpr(channel, {expr}, {callback})
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204
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205 Vim will match the response with the request using the message ID. Once the
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206 response is received the callback will be invoked. Further responses with the
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207 same ID will be ignored. If your server sends back multiple responses you
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208 need to send them with ID zero, they will be passed to the channel callback.
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209
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210 The {expr} is converted to JSON and wrapped in an array. An example of the
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211 message that the receiver will get when {expr} is the string "hello":
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212 [12,"hello"] ~
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214 The format of the JSON sent is:
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215 [{number},{expr}]
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216
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217 In which {number} is different every time. It must be used in the response
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218 (if any):
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219
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220 [{number},{response}]
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221
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222 This way Vim knows which sent message matches with which received message and
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223 can call the right handler. Also when the messages arrive out of order.
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224
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225 The sender must always send valid JSON to Vim. Vim can check for the end of
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226 the message by parsing the JSON. It will only accept the message if the end
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227 was received.
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228
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229 When the process wants to send a message to Vim without first receiving a
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230 message, it must use the number zero:
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231 [0,{response}]
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232
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233 Then channel handler will then get {response} converted to Vim types. If the
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234 channel does not have a handler the message is dropped.
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235
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236 On read error or ch_close() the string "DETACH" is sent, if still possible.
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237 The channel will then be inactive.
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238
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239 It is also possible to use ch_sendraw() on a JSON or JS channel. The caller
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240 is then completely responsible for correct encoding and decoding.
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241
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242 ==============================================================================
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243 5. Channel commands *channel-commands*
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244
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245 With a JSON channel the process can send commands to Vim that will be
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246 handled by Vim internally, it does not require a handler for the channel.
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247
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248 Possible commands are: *E903* *E904* *E905*
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249 ["redraw" {forced}]
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250 ["ex", {Ex command}]
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251 ["normal", {Normal mode command}]
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252 ["eval", {expression}, {number}]
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253 ["expr", {expression}]
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254
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255 With all of these: Be careful what these commands do! You can easily
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256 interfere with what the user is doing. To avoid trouble use |mode()| to check
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257 that the editor is in the expected state. E.g., to send keys that must be
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258 inserted as text, not executed as a command:
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259 ["ex","if mode() == 'i' | call feedkeys('ClassName') | endif"] ~
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260
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261 Errors in these commands are normally not reported to avoid them messing up
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262 the display. If you do want to see them, set the 'verbose' option to 3 or
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263 higher.
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264
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265
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266 Command "redraw" ~
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267
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268 The other commands do not update the screen, so that you can send a sequence
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269 of commands without the cursor moving around. You must end with the "redraw"
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270 command to show any changed text and show the cursor where it belongs.
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271
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272 The argument is normally an empty string:
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273 ["redraw", ""] ~
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274 To first clear the screen pass "force":
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275 ["redraw", "force"] ~
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276
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277
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278 Command "ex" ~
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279
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280 The "ex" command is executed as any Ex command. There is no response for
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281 completion or error. You could use functions in an |autoload| script:
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282 ["ex","call myscript#MyFunc(arg)"]
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283
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284 You can also use "call |feedkeys()|" to insert any key sequence.
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285
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286
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287 Command "normal" ~
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288
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289 The "normal" command is executed like with ":normal!", commands are not
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290 mapped. Example to open the folds under the cursor:
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291 ["normal" "zO"]
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292
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293
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294 Command "eval" ~
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295
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296 The "eval" command an be used to get the result of an expression. For
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297 example, to get the number of lines in the current buffer:
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298 ["eval","line('$')"] ~
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299
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300 it will send back the result of the expression:
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301 [{number}, {result}]
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302 Here {number} is the same as what was in the request. Use a negative number
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303 to avoid confusion with message that Vim sends.
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304
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305 {result} is the result of the evaluation and is JSON encoded. If the
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306 evaluation fails or the result can't be encoded in JSON it is the string
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307 "ERROR".
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308
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309
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310 Command "expr" ~
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311
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312 The "expr" command is similar to "eval", but does not send back any response.
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313 Example:
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314 ["expr","setline('$', ['one', 'two', 'three'])"] ~
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316 ==============================================================================
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317 6. Using a RAW or NL channel *channel-raw*
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318
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319 If mode is RAW or NL then a message can be send like this: >
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320 let response = ch_sendraw(channel, {string})
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321
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322 The {string} is sent as-is. The response will be what can be read from the
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323 channel right away. Since Vim doesn't know how to recognize the end of the
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324 message you need to take care of it yourself. The timeout applies for reading
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325 the first byte, after that it will not wait for anything more.
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326
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327 If mode is "nl" you can send a message in a similar way. You are expected
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328 to put in the NL after each message. Thus you can also send several messages
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329 ending in a NL at once. The response will be the text up to and including the
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330 first NL. This can also be just the NL for an empty response.
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331 If no NL was read before the channel timeout an empty string is returned.
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332
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333 To send a message, without expecting a response: >
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334 call ch_sendraw(channel, {string}, 0)
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335 The process can send back a response, the channel handler will be called with
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336 it.
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337
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338 To send a message and letting the response handled by a specific function,
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339 asynchronously: >
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340 call ch_sendraw(channel, {string}, {callback})
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341
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342 This {string} can also be JSON, use |json_encode()| to create it and
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343 |json_decode()| to handle a received JSON message.
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344
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345 It is not possible to use |ch_sendexpr()| on a raw channel.
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346
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347 ==============================================================================
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348 7. More channel functions *channel-more*
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349
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350 To obtain the status of a channel: ch_status(channel). The possible results
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351 are:
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352 "fail" Failed to open the channel.
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353 "open" The channel can be used.
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354 "closed" The channel was closed.
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355
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356 TODO:
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357 To objain the job associated with a channel: ch_getjob(channel)
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358
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359 TODO:
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360 To read one message from a channel: >
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361 let output = ch_read(channel)
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362 This uses the channel timeout. To read without a timeout, just get any
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363 message that is available: >
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364 let output = ch_read(channel, 0)
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365 When no message was available then the result is v:none for a JSON or JS mode
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366 channels, an empty string for a RAW or NL channel.
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367
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368 To read all output from a RAW or NL channel that is available: >
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369 let output = ch_readall(channel)
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370 To read the error output: >
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371 let output = ch_readall(channel, "err")
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372 TODO: use channel timeout, no timeout or specify timeout?
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373
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374 ==============================================================================
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375 8. Starting a job with a channel *job-start* *job*
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376
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377 To start a job and open a channel for stdin/stdout/stderr: >
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378 let job = job_start(command, {options})
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379
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380 You can get the channel with: >
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381 let channel = job_getchannel(job)
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382
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383 The channel will use NL mode. If you want another mode it's best to specify
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384 this in {options}. When changing the mode later some text may have already
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385 been received and not parsed correctly.
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386
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387 If the command produces a line of output that you want to deal with, specify
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388 a handler for stdout: >
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389 let job = job_start(command, {"out-cb": "MyHandler"})
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390 The function will be called with the channel and a message. You would define
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391 it like this: >
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392 func MyHandler(channel, msg)
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393
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394 Without the handler you need to read the output with ch_read().
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395
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396 The handler defined for "out-cb" will also receive stderr. If you want to
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397 handle that separately, add an "err-cb" handler: >
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398 let job = job_start(command, {"out-cb": "MyHandler",
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399 \ "err-cb": "ErrHandler"})
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400
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401 You can send a message to the command with ch_sendraw(). If the channel is in
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402 JSON or JS mode you can use ch_sendexpr().
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403
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404 There are several options you can use, see |job-options|.
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405
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406 TODO:
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407 To run a job and read its output once it is done: >
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408
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409 let job = job_start({command}, {'exit-cb': 'MyHandler'})
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410 func MyHandler(job, status)
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411 let channel = job_getchannel()
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412 let output = ch_readall(channel)
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413 " parse output
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414 endfunc
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415
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416 ==============================================================================
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417 9. Starting a job without a channel *job-start-nochannel*
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418
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419 To start another process without creating a channel: >
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420 let job = job_start(command, {"in-io": "null", "out-io": "null"})
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421
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422 This starts {command} in the background, Vim does not wait for it to finish.
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423
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424 TODO:
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425 When Vim sees that neither stdin, stdout or stderr are connected, no channel
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426 will be created. Often you will want to include redirection in the command to
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427 avoid it getting stuck.
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428
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429 There are several options you can use, see |job-options|.
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430
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431 TODO: *job-may-start*
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432 To start a job only when connecting to an address does not work use
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433 job_maystart('command', {address}, {options}), For Example: >
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434 let job = job_maystart(command, address, {"waittime": 1000})
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435 let channel = job_gethandle(job)
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436
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437 This comes down to: >
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438 let channel = ch_open(address, {"waittime": 0})
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439 if ch_status(channel) == "fail"
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440 let job = job_start(command)
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441 let channel = ch_open(address, {"waittime": 1000})
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442 call job_sethandle(channel)
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443 endif
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444 Note that the specified waittime applies to when the job has been started.
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445 This gives the job some time to make the port available.
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446
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447 ==============================================================================
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448 10. Job options *job-options*
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449
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450 The {options} argument in job_start() is a dictionary. All entries are
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451 optional. The same options can be used with job_setoptions(job, {options}).
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452
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453 TODO: *job-out-cb*
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454 "callback": handler
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455 "out-cb": handler Callback for when there is something to read on
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456 stdout.
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457 TODO: *job-err-cb*
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458 "err-cb": handler Callback for when there is something to read on
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459 stderr. Defaults to the same callback as "out-cb".
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460 TODO: *job-close-cb*
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461 "close-cb": handler Callback for when the channel is closed. Same as
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462 "close-cb" on ch_open().
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463 TODO: *job-exit-cb*
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464 "exit-cb": handler Callback for when the job ends. The arguments are the
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465 job and the exit status.
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466 TODO: *job-killonexit*
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467 "killonexit": 1 Stop the job when Vim exits.
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468 "killonexit": 0 Do not stop the job when Vim exits.
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469 The default is 1.
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470 TODO: *job-term*
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471 "term": "open" Start a terminal and connect the job
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472 stdin/stdout/stderr to it.
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473
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474 TODO: *job-in-io*
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475 "in-io": "null" disconnect stdin
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476 "in-io": "pipe" stdin is connected to the channel (default)
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477 "in-io": "file" stdin reads from a file
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478 "in-file": "/path/file" the file to read from
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479
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480 TODO: *job-out-io*
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481 "out-io": "null" disconnect stdout
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482 "out-io": "pipe" stdout is connected to the channel (default)
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483 "out-io": "file" stdout writes to a file
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484 "out-file": "/path/file" the file to write to
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485 "out-io": "buffer" stdout appends to a buffer
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486 "out-buffer": "name" buffer to append to
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487
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488 TODO: *job-err-io*
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489 "err-io": "out" same type as stdout (default)
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490 "err-io": "null" disconnect stderr
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491 "err-io": "pipe" stderr is connected to the channel
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492 "err-io": "file" stderr writes to a file
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493 "err-file": "/path/file" the file to write to
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494 "err-io": "buffer" stderr appends to a buffer
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495 "err-buffer": "name" buffer to append to
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496
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497 TODO: more options
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498
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499
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500 ==============================================================================
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501 11. Controlling a job *job-control*
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parents: 7992
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502
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503 To get the status of a job: >
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504 echo job_status(job)
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505
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parents: 7992
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506 To make a job stop running: >
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507 job_stop(job)
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parents: 7992
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508
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509 This is the normal way to end a job. On Unix it sends a SIGTERM to the job.
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510 It is possible to use other ways to stop the job, or even send arbitrary
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511 signals. E.g. to force a job to stop, "kill it": >
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512 job_stop(job, "kill")
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513
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514 For more options see |job_stop()|.
7788
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515
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516
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517 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: