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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/328da0dcb7be34b594725eef6dc98d3ea6516d69 Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> Date: Fri Mar 4 22:22:32 2016 +0100 Update runtime files.
author Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
date Fri, 04 Mar 2016 22:30:06 +0100
parents ac0c43e7af20
children 4c6ad81d41fe
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1 *channel.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2016 Mar 03
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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7 Inter-process communication *channel*
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9 DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT
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11 Vim uses channels to communicate with other processes.
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12 A channel uses a socket or pipes *socket-interface*
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13 Jobs can be used to start processes and communicate with them.
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15 Vim current supports up to 10 simultaneous channels.
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16 The Netbeans interface also uses a channel. |netbeans|
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18 1. Overview |job-channel-overview|
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19 2. Channel demo |channel-demo|
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20 3. Opening a channel |channel-open|
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21 4. Using a JSON or JS channel |channel-use|
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22 5. Channel commands |channel-commands|
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23 6. Using a RAW or NL channel |channel-raw|
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24 7. More channel functions |channel-more|
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25 8. Starting a job with a channel |job-start|
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26 9. Starting a job without a channel |job-start-nochannel|
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27 10. Job options |job-options|
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28 11. Controlling a job |job-control|
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30 {Vi does not have any of these features}
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31 {only when compiled with the |+channel| feature for channel stuff}
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32 {only when compiled with the |+job| feature for job stuff}
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34 ==============================================================================
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35 1. Overview *job-channel-overview*
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37 There are four main types of jobs:
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38 1. A deamon, serving several Vim instances.
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39 Vim connects to it with a socket.
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40 2. One job working with one Vim instance, asynchronously.
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41 Uses a socket or pipes.
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42 3. A job performing some work for a short time, asynchronously.
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43 Uses a socket or pipes.
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44 4. Running a filter, synchronously.
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45 Uses pipes.
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47 For when using sockets See |job-start|, |job-may-start| and |channel-open|.
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48 For 2 and 3, one or more jobs using pipes, see |job-start|.
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49 For 4 use the ":{range}!cmd" command, see |filter|.
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51 Over the socket and pipes these protocols are available:
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52 RAW nothing known, Vim cannot tell where a message ends
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53 NL every message ends in a NL (newline) character
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54 JSON JSON encoding |json_encode()|
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55 JS JavaScript style JSON-like encoding |js_encode()|
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57 Common combination are:
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58 - Using a job connected through pipes in NL mode. E.g., to run a style
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59 checker and receive errors and warnings.
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60 - Using a deamon, connecting over a socket in JSON mode. E.g. to lookup
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61 crosss-refrences in a database.
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63 ==============================================================================
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64 2. Channel demo *channel-demo*
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66 This requires Python. The demo program can be found in
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67 $VIMRUNTIME/tools/demoserver.py
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68 Run it in one terminal. We will call this T1.
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70 Run Vim in another terminal. Connect to the demo server with: >
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71 let channel = ch_open('localhost:8765')
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73 In T1 you should see:
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74 === socket opened === ~
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76 You can now send a message to the server: >
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77 echo ch_evalexpr(channel, 'hello!')
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79 The message is received in T1 and a response is sent back to Vim.
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80 You can see the raw messages in T1. What Vim sends is:
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81 [1,"hello!"] ~
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82 And the response is:
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83 [1,"got it"] ~
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84 The number will increase every time you send a message.
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86 The server can send a command to Vim. Type this on T1 (literally, including
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87 the quotes):
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88 ["ex","echo 'hi there'"] ~
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89 And you should see the message in Vim. You can move the cursor a word forward:
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90 ["normal","w"] ~
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92 To handle asynchronous communication a callback needs to be used: >
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93 func MyHandler(channel, msg)
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94 echo "from the handler: " . a:msg
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95 endfunc
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96 call ch_sendexpr(channel, 'hello!', {'callback': "MyHandler"})
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97 Vim will not wait for a response. Now the server can send the response later
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98 and MyHandler will be invoked.
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99
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100 Instead of giving a callback with every send call, it can also be specified
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101 when opening the channel: >
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102 call ch_close(channel)
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103 let channel = ch_open('localhost:8765', {'callback': "MyHandler"})
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104 call ch_sendexpr(channel, 'hello!')
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105
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106 When trying out channels it's useful to see what is going on. You can tell
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107 Vim to write lines in log file: >
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108 call ch_logfile('channellog', 'w')
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109 See |ch_logfile()|.
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110
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111 ==============================================================================
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112 3. Opening a channel *channel-open*
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113
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114 To open a channel: >
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115 let channel = ch_open({address} [, {options}])
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116 if ch_status(channel) == "open"
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117 " use the channel
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118
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119 Use |ch_status()| to see if the channel could be opened.
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120
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121 {address} has the form "hostname:port". E.g., "localhost:8765".
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122
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123 {options} is a dictionary with optional entries:
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124
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125 "mode" can be: *channel-mode*
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126 "json" - Use JSON, see below; most convenient way. Default.
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127 "js" - Use JS (JavaScript) encoding, more efficient than JSON.
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128 "nl" - Use messages that end in a NL character
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129 "raw" - Use raw messages
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130
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131 "in-mode" mode specifically for stdin, only when using pipes
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132 "out-mode" mode specifically for stdout, only when using pipes
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133 "err-mode" mode specifically for stderr, only when using pipes
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134 Note: when setting "mode" the part specific mode is
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135 overwritten. Therefore set "mode" first and the part specific
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136 mode later.
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137
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138 Note: when writing to a file or buffer and when reading from a
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139 buffer NL mode is used by default.
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140
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141 *channel-callback*
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142 "callback" A function that is called when a message is received that is
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143 not handled otherwise. It gets two arguments: the channel
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144 and the received message. Example: >
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145 func Handle(channel, msg)
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146 echo 'Received: ' . a:msg
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147 endfunc
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148 let channel = ch_open("localhost:8765", {"callback": "Handle"})
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149 <
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150 When "mode" is "json" or "js" the "msg" argument is the body
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151 of the received message, converted to Vim types.
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152 When "mode" is "nl" the "msg" argument is one message,
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153 excluding the NL.
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154 When "mode" is "raw" the "msg" argument is the whole message
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155 as a string.
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156 *out-cb*
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157 "out-cb" A function like "callback" but used for stdout. Only for when
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158 the channel uses pipes. When "out-cb" wasn't set the channel
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159 callback is used.
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160 *err-cb*
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161 "err-cb" A function like "callback" but used for stderr. Only for when
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162 the channel uses pipes. When "err-cb" wasn't set the channel
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163 callback is used.
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164
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165 TODO: *close-cb*
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166 "close-cb" A function that is called when the channel gets closed, other
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167 than by calling ch_close(). It should be defined like this: >
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168 func MyCloseHandler(channel)
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169 < *waittime*
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170 "waittime" The time to wait for the connection to be made in
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171 milliseconds. A negative number waits forever.
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172
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173 The default is zero, don't wait, which is useful if a local
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174 server is supposed to be running already. On Unix Vim
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175 actually uses a 1 msec timeout, that is required on many
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176 systems. Use a larger value for a remote server, e.g. 10
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177 msec at least.
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178
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179 "timeout" The time to wait for a request when blocking, E.g. when using
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180 ch_evalexpr(). In milliseconds. The default is 2000 (2
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181 seconds).
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182 *out-timeout* *err-timeout*
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183 "out-timeout" Timeout for stdout. Only when using pipes.
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184 "err-timeout" Timeout for stderr. Only when using pipes.
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185 Note: when setting "timeout" the part specific mode is
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186 overwritten. Therefore set "timeout" first and the part
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187 specific mode later.
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188
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189 When "mode" is "json" or "js" the "callback" is optional. When omitted it is
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190 only possible to receive a message after sending one.
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191
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192 To change the channel options after opening it use |ch_setoptions()|. The
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193 arguments are similar to what is passed to |ch_open()|, but "waittime" cannot
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194 be given, since that only applies to opening the channel.
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195
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196 For example, the handler can be added or changed: >
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197 call ch_setoptions(channel, {'callback': callback})
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198 When "callback" is empty (zero or an empty string) the handler is removed.
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199
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200 After a callback has been invoked Vim will update the screen and put the
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201 cursor back where it belongs. Thus the callback should not need to do
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202 `:redraw`.
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203
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204 The timeout can be changed: >
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205 call ch_setoptions(channel, {'timeout': msec})
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206 <
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207 *channel-close* *E906*
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208 Once done with the channel, disconnect it like this: >
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209 call ch_close(channel)
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210 When a socket is used this will close the socket for both directions. When
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211 pipes are used (stdin/stdout/stderr) they are all closed. This might not be
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212 what you want! Stopping the job with job_stop() might be better.
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213 All readahead is discarded, callbacks will no longer be invoked.
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214
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215 When the channel can't be opened you will get an error message. There is a
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216 difference between MS-Windows and Unix: On Unix when the port doesn't exist
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217 ch_open() fails quickly. On MS-Windows "waittime" applies.
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218 *E898* *E899* *E900* *E901* *E902*
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219
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220 If there is an error reading or writing a channel it will be closed.
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221 *E896* *E630* *E631*
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222
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223 ==============================================================================
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224 4. Using a JSON or JS channel *channel-use*
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225
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226 If mode is JSON then a message can be sent synchronously like this: >
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227 let response = ch_evalexpr(channel, {expr})
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228 This awaits a response from the other side.
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229
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230 When mode is JS this works the same, except that the messages use
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231 JavaScript encoding. See |js_encode()| for the difference.
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232
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233 To send a message, without handling a response or letting the channel callback
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234 handle the response: >
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235 call ch_sendexpr(channel, {expr})
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236
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237 To send a message and letting the response handled by a specific function,
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238 asynchronously: >
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239 call ch_sendexpr(channel, {expr}, {'callback': Handler})
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240
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241 Vim will match the response with the request using the message ID. Once the
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242 response is received the callback will be invoked. Further responses with the
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243 same ID will be ignored. If your server sends back multiple responses you
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244 need to send them with ID zero, they will be passed to the channel callback.
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245
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246 The {expr} is converted to JSON and wrapped in an array. An example of the
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247 message that the receiver will get when {expr} is the string "hello":
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248 [12,"hello"] ~
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249
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250 The format of the JSON sent is:
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251 [{number},{expr}]
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252
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253 In which {number} is different every time. It must be used in the response
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254 (if any):
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255
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256 [{number},{response}]
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257
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258 This way Vim knows which sent message matches with which received message and
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259 can call the right handler. Also when the messages arrive out of order.
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260
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261 The sender must always send valid JSON to Vim. Vim can check for the end of
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262 the message by parsing the JSON. It will only accept the message if the end
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263 was received.
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264
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265 When the process wants to send a message to Vim without first receiving a
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266 message, it must use the number zero:
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267 [0,{response}]
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268
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269 Then channel handler will then get {response} converted to Vim types. If the
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270 channel does not have a handler the message is dropped.
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271
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272 On read error or ch_close(), when using a socket with RAW or NL mode, the
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273 string "DETACH\n" is sent, if still possible. The channel will then be
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274 inactive.
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275
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276 It is also possible to use ch_sendraw() and ch_evalraw() on a JSON or JS
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277 channel. The caller is then completely responsible for correct encoding and
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278 decoding.
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279
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280 ==============================================================================
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281 5. Channel commands *channel-commands*
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282
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283 With a JSON channel the process can send commands to Vim that will be
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284 handled by Vim internally, it does not require a handler for the channel.
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285
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286 Possible commands are: *E903* *E904* *E905*
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287 ["redraw" {forced}]
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288 ["ex", {Ex command}]
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289 ["normal", {Normal mode command}]
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290 ["expr", {expression}, {number}]
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291 ["expr", {expression}]
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292 ["call", {func name}, {argument list}, {number}]
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293 ["call", {func name}, {argument list}]
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294
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295 With all of these: Be careful what these commands do! You can easily
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296 interfere with what the user is doing. To avoid trouble use |mode()| to check
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297 that the editor is in the expected state. E.g., to send keys that must be
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298 inserted as text, not executed as a command:
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299 ["ex","if mode() == 'i' | call feedkeys('ClassName') | endif"] ~
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300
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301 Errors in these commands are normally not reported to avoid them messing up
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302 the display. If you do want to see them, set the 'verbose' option to 3 or
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303 higher.
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304
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305
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306 Command "redraw" ~
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307
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308 The other commands do not update the screen, so that you can send a sequence
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309 of commands without the cursor moving around. You must end with the "redraw"
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310 command to show any changed text and show the cursor where it belongs.
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311
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312 The argument is normally an empty string:
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313 ["redraw", ""] ~
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314 To first clear the screen pass "force":
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315 ["redraw", "force"] ~
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316
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317
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318 Command "ex" ~
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319
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320 The "ex" command is executed as any Ex command. There is no response for
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321 completion or error. You could use functions in an |autoload| script:
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322 ["ex","call myscript#MyFunc(arg)"]
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323
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324 You can also use "call |feedkeys()|" to insert any key sequence.
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325
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326
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327 Command "normal" ~
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328
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329 The "normal" command is executed like with ":normal!", commands are not
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330 mapped. Example to open the folds under the cursor:
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331 ["normal" "zO"]
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332
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333
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334 Command "expr" with response ~
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335
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336 The "expr" command can be used to get the result of an expression. For
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337 example, to get the number of lines in the current buffer:
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338 ["expr","line('$')", -2] ~
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339
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340 It will send back the result of the expression:
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341 [-2, "last line"] ~
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342 The format is:
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343 [{number}, {result}]
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344
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345 Here {number} is the same as what was in the request. Use a negative number
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346 to avoid confusion with message that Vim sends. Use a different number on
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347 every request to be able to match the request with the response.
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348
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349 {result} is the result of the evaluation and is JSON encoded. If the
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350 evaluation fails or the result can't be encoded in JSON it is the string
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351 "ERROR".
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352
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353
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354 Command "expr" without a response ~
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355
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356 This command is similar to "expr" above, but does not send back any response.
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357 Example:
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358 ["expr","setline('$', ['one', 'two', 'three'])"] ~
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359 There is no third argument in the request.
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360
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361
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362 Command "call" ~
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363
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364 This is similar to "expr", but instead of passing the whole expression as a
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365 string this passes the name of a function and a list of arguments. This
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366 avoids the conversion of the arguments to a string and escaping and
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367 concatenating them. Example:
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368 ["call", "line", ["$"], -2] ~
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370 Leave out the fourth argument if no response is to be sent:
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371 ["call", "setline", ["$", ["one", "two", "three"]]] ~
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373 ==============================================================================
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374 6. Using a RAW or NL channel *channel-raw*
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375
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376 If mode is RAW or NL then a message can be send like this: >
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377 let response = ch_evalraw(channel, {string})
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378
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379 The {string} is sent as-is. The response will be what can be read from the
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380 channel right away. Since Vim doesn't know how to recognize the end of the
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381 message you need to take care of it yourself. The timeout applies for reading
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382 the first byte, after that it will not wait for anything more.
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383
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384 If mode is "nl" you can send a message in a similar way. You are expected
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385 to put in the NL after each message. Thus you can also send several messages
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386 ending in a NL at once. The response will be the text up to and including the
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387 first NL. This can also be just the NL for an empty response.
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388 If no NL was read before the channel timeout an empty string is returned.
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389
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390 To send a message, without expecting a response: >
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391 call ch_sendraw(channel, {string})
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392 The process can send back a response, the channel handler will be called with
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393 it.
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394
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395 To send a message and letting the response handled by a specific function,
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396 asynchronously: >
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397 call ch_sendraw(channel, {string}, {'callback': 'MyHandler'})
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398
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399 This {string} can also be JSON, use |json_encode()| to create it and
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400 |json_decode()| to handle a received JSON message.
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401
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402 It is not possible to use |ch_evalexpr()| or |ch_sendexpr()| on a raw channel.
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403
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404 ==============================================================================
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405 7. More channel functions *channel-more*
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406
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407 To obtain the status of a channel: ch_status(channel). The possible results
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408 are:
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409 "fail" Failed to open the channel.
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410 "open" The channel can be used.
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411 "closed" The channel was closed.
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412
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413 TODO:
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414 To obtain the job associated with a channel: ch_getjob(channel)
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415
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416 To read one message from a channel: >
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417 let output = ch_read(channel)
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418 This uses the channel timeout. To read without a timeout, just get any
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419 message that is available: >
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420 let output = ch_read(channel, {'timeout': 0})
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421 When no message was available then the result is v:none for a JSON or JS mode
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422 channels, an empty string for a RAW or NL channel.
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423
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424 To read all output from a RAW channel that is available: >
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425 let output = ch_readraw(channel)
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426 To read the error output: >
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427 let output = ch_readraw(channel, {"part": "err"})
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428
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429 ==============================================================================
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430 8. Starting a job with a channel *job-start* *job*
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431
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432 To start a job and open a channel for stdin/stdout/stderr: >
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433 let job = job_start(command, {options})
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434
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435 You can get the channel with: >
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436 let channel = job_getchannel(job)
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437
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438 The channel will use NL mode. If you want another mode it's best to specify
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439 this in {options}. When changing the mode later some text may have already
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440 been received and not parsed correctly.
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441
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442 If the command produces a line of output that you want to deal with, specify
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443 a handler for stdout: >
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444 let job = job_start(command, {"out-cb": "MyHandler"})
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445 The function will be called with the channel and a message. You would define
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446 it like this: >
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447 func MyHandler(channel, msg)
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448
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449 Without the handler you need to read the output with |ch_read()| or
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450 |ch_readraw()|.
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451
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452 The handler defined for "out-cb" will not receive stderr. If you want to
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453 handle that separately, add an "err-cb" handler: >
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454 let job = job_start(command, {"out-cb": "MyHandler",
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455 \ "err-cb": "ErrHandler"})
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456
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457 If you want to handle both stderr and stdout with one handler use the
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458 "callback" option: >
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459 let job = job_start(command, {"callback": "MyHandler"})
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460
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461 You can send a message to the command with ch_evalraw(). If the channel is in
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462 JSON or JS mode you can use ch_evalexpr().
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463
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464 There are several options you can use, see |job-options|.
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465 For example, to start a job and write its output in buffer "dummy": >
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466 let logjob = job_start("tail -f /tmp/log",
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467 \ {'out-io': 'buffer', 'out-name': 'dummy'})
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468 sbuf dummy
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469
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470 To run a job that reads from a buffer: >
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471 let job = job_start({command},
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472 \ {'in-io': 'buffer', 'in-name': 'mybuffer'})
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473 <
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474 *E915* *E918*
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475 The buffer is found by name, similar to |bufnr()|. The buffer must exist and
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476 be loaded when job_start() is called.
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477
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478 By default this reads the whole buffer. This can be changed with the "in-top"
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479 and "in-bot" options.
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480
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481 TODO
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482 A special mode is when "in-top" is set to zero and "in-bot" is not set: The
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483 last-but-one line will be send to the job stdin. This allows for editing the
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484 last line and sending it when pressing Enter.
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485
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486 TODO:
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487 To run a job and read its output once it is done: >
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488 let job = job_start({command}, {'exit-cb': 'MyHandler'})
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489 func MyHandler(job, status)
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490 let channel = job_getchannel()
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491 let output = ch_readall(channel)
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492 " parse output
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493 endfunc
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494
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495 ==============================================================================
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496 9. Starting a job without a channel *job-start-nochannel*
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497
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498 To start another process without creating a channel: >
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499 let job = job_start(command,
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500 \ {"in-io": "null", "out-io": "null", "err-io": "null"})
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501
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502 This starts {command} in the background, Vim does not wait for it to finish.
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503
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504 TODO:
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505 When Vim sees that neither stdin, stdout or stderr are connected, no channel
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506 will be created. Often you will want to include redirection in the command to
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507 avoid it getting stuck.
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508
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509 There are several options you can use, see |job-options|.
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510
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511 TODO: *job-may-start*
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512 To start a job only when connecting to an address does not work use
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513 job_maystart('command', {address}, {options}), For Example: >
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514 let job = job_maystart(command, address, {"waittime": 1000})
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515 let channel = job_gethandle(job)
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516
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517 This comes down to: >
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518 let channel = ch_open(address, {"waittime": 0})
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519 if ch_status(channel) == "fail"
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520 let job = job_start(command)
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521 let channel = ch_open(address, {"waittime": 1000})
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522 call job_sethandle(channel)
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523 endif
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524 Note that the specified waittime applies to when the job has been started.
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525 This gives the job some time to make the port available.
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526
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527 ==============================================================================
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528 10. Job options *job-options*
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529
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530 The {options} argument in job_start() is a dictionary. All entries are
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531 optional. Some options can be used after the job has started, using
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532 job_setoptions(job, {options}). Many options can be used with the channel
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533 related to the job, using ch_setoptions(channel, {options}).
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534 See |job_setoptions()| and |ch_setoptions()|.
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535
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536 *job-callback*
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537 "callback": handler Callback for something to read on any part of the
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538 channel.
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539 *job-out-cb*
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540 "out-cb": handler Callback for when there is something to read on
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541 stdout.
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542 *job-err-cb*
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543 "err-cb": handler Callback for when there is something to read on
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544 stderr.
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545 *job-close-cb*
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546 "close-cb": handler Callback for when the channel is closed. Same as
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547 "close-cb" on ch_open().
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548 *job-exit-cb*
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549 "exit-cb": handler Callback for when the job ends. The arguments are the
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550 job and the exit status.
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551 Vim checks about every 10 seconds for jobs that ended.
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552 The callback can also be triggered by calling
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553 |job_status()|.
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554 *job-stoponexit*
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555 "stoponexit": {signal} Send {signal} to the job when Vim exits. See
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556 |job_stop()| for possible values.
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557 "stoponexit": "" Do not stop the job when Vim exits.
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558 The default is "term".
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559
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560 TODO: *job-term*
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561 "term": "open" Start a terminal and connect the job
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562 stdin/stdout/stderr to it.
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563
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564 *job-in-io*
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565 "in-io": "null" disconnect stdin TODO
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566 "in-io": "pipe" stdin is connected to the channel (default)
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567 "in-io": "file" stdin reads from a file TODO
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568 "in-io": "buffer" stdin reads from a buffer
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569 "in-top": number when using "buffer": first line to send (default: 1)
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570 "in-bot": number when using "buffer": last line to send (default: last)
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571 "in-name": "/path/file" the name of he file or buffer to read from
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572 "in-buf": number the number of the buffer to read from TODO
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573
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574 *job-out-io*
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575 "out-io": "null" disconnect stdout TODO
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576 "out-io": "pipe" stdout is connected to the channel (default)
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577 "out-io": "file" stdout writes to a file TODO
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578 "out-io": "buffer" stdout appends to a buffer
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579 "out-name": "/path/file" the name of the file or buffer to write to
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580 "out-buf": number the number of the buffer to write to TODO
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581
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582 *job-err-io*
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583 "err-io": "out" stderr messages to go to stdout
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584 "err-io": "null" disconnect stderr TODO
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585 "err-io": "pipe" stderr is connected to the channel (default)
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586 "err-io": "file" stderr writes to a file TODO
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587 "err-io": "buffer" stderr appends to a buffer TODO
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588 "err-name": "/path/file" the name of the file or buffer to write to
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589 "err-buf": number the number of the buffer to write to TODO
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590
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591 When the IO mode is "buffer" and there is a callback, the text is appended to
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592 the buffer before invoking the callback.
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593
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594 When using JS or JSON mode with "buffer", only messages with zero or negative
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595 ID will be added to the buffer, after decoding + encoding. Messages with a
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596 positive number will be handled by a callback, commands are handled as usual.
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597
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598 The name of the buffer is compared the full name of existing buffers. If
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599 there is a match that buffer is used. Otherwise a new buffer is created.
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600 Use an empty name to always create a new buffer. |ch_getbufnr()| can then be
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601 used to get the buffer number.
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602
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603 For a new buffer 'buftype' is set to "nofile" and 'bufhidden' to "hide". If
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604 you prefer other settings, create the buffer first and pass the buffer number.
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605
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606 When the buffer written to is displayed in a window and the cursor is in the
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607 first column of the last line, the cursor will be moved to the newly added
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608 line and the window is scrolled up to show the cursor if needed.
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609
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610 Undo is synced for every added line.
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611
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612 ==============================================================================
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613 11. Controlling a job *job-control*
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614
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615 To get the status of a job: >
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616 echo job_status(job)
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617
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618 To make a job stop running: >
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619 job_stop(job)
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620
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621 This is the normal way to end a job. On Unix it sends a SIGTERM to the job.
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622 It is possible to use other ways to stop the job, or even send arbitrary
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623 signals. E.g. to force a job to stop, "kill it": >
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624 job_stop(job, "kill")
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625
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626 For more options see |job_stop()|.
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627
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628
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629 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: