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annotate runtime/doc/channel.txt @ 8267:108d30ed34ba v7.4.1426

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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/187db50d0499aecf4cfd42fb4db0a1bebf61c8cd Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> Date: Sat Feb 27 14:44:26 2016 +0100 patch 7.4.1426 Problem: The "out-io" option for jobs is not implemented yet. Solution: Implement the "buffer" value: append job output to a buffer.
author Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
date Sat, 27 Feb 2016 14:45:05 +0100
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1 *channel.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2016 Feb 23
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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7 Inter-process communication *channel*
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9 DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT
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11 Vim uses channels to communicate with other processes.
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12 A channel uses a socket or pipes *socket-interface*
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13 Jobs can be used to start processes and communicate with them.
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15 Vim current supports up to 10 simultaneous channels.
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16 The Netbeans interface also uses a channel. |netbeans|
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18 1. Overview |job-channel-overview|
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19 2. Channel demo |channel-demo|
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20 3. Opening a channel |channel-open|
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21 4. Using a JSON or JS channel |channel-use|
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22 5. Channel commands |channel-commands|
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23 6. Using a RAW or NL channel |channel-raw|
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24 7. More channel functions |channel-more|
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25 8. Starting a job with a channel |job-start|
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26 9. Starting a job without a channel |job-start-nochannel|
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27 10. Job options |job-options|
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28 11. Controlling a job |job-control|
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30 {Vi does not have any of these features}
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31 {only when compiled with the |+channel| feature for channel stuff}
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32 {only when compiled with the |+job| feature for job stuff}
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34 ==============================================================================
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35 1. Overview *job-channel-overview*
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37 There are four main types of jobs:
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38 1. A deamon, serving several Vim instances.
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39 Vim connects to it with a socket.
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40 2. One job working with one Vim instance, asynchronously.
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41 Uses a socket or pipes.
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42 3. A job performing some work for a short time, asynchronously.
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43 Uses a socket or pipes.
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44 4. Running a filter, synchronously.
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45 Uses pipes.
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47 For when using sockets See |job-start|, |job-may-start| and |channel-open|.
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48 For 2 and 3, one or more jobs using pipes, see |job-start|.
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49 For 4 use the ":{range}!cmd" command, see |filter|.
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51 Over the socket and pipes these protocols are available:
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52 RAW nothing known, Vim cannot tell where a message ends
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53 NL every message ends in a NL (newline) character
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54 JSON JSON encoding |json_encode()|
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55 JS JavaScript style JSON-like encoding |js_encode()|
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57 Common combination are:
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58 - Using a job connected through pipes in NL mode. E.g., to run a style
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59 checker and receive errors and warnings.
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60 - Using a deamon, connecting over a socket in JSON mode. E.g. to lookup
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61 crosss-refrences in a database.
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63 ==============================================================================
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64 2. Channel demo *channel-demo*
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66 This requires Python. The demo program can be found in
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67 $VIMRUNTIME/tools/demoserver.py
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68 Run it in one terminal. We will call this T1.
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70 Run Vim in another terminal. Connect to the demo server with: >
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71 let channel = ch_open('localhost:8765')
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73 In T1 you should see:
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74 === socket opened === ~
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76 You can now send a message to the server: >
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77 echo ch_sendexpr(channel, 'hello!')
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79 The message is received in T1 and a response is sent back to Vim.
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80 You can see the raw messages in T1. What Vim sends is:
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81 [1,"hello!"] ~
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82 And the response is:
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83 [1,"got it"] ~
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84 The number will increase every time you send a message.
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86 The server can send a command to Vim. Type this on T1 (literally, including
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87 the quotes):
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88 ["ex","echo 'hi there'"] ~
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89 And you should see the message in Vim. You can move the cursor a word forward:
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90 ["normal","w"] ~
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92 To handle asynchronous communication a callback needs to be used: >
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93 func MyHandler(channel, msg)
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94 echo "from the handler: " . a:msg
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95 endfunc
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96 call ch_sendexpr(channel, 'hello!', {'callback': "MyHandler"})
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97 Vim will not wait for a response. Now the server can send the response later
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98 and MyHandler will be invoked.
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99
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100 Instead of giving a callback with every send call, it can also be specified
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101 when opening the channel: >
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102 call ch_close(channel)
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103 let channel = ch_open('localhost:8765', {'callback': "MyHandler"})
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104 call ch_sendexpr(channel, 'hello!', {'callback': 0})
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105
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106 ==============================================================================
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107 3. Opening a channel *channel-open*
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108
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109 To open a channel: >
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110 let channel = ch_open({address} [, {options}])
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111 if ch_status(channel) == "open"
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112 " use the channel
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113
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114 Use |ch_status()| to see if the channel could be opened.
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115
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116 {address} has the form "hostname:port". E.g., "localhost:8765".
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117
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118 {options} is a dictionary with optional entries:
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119
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120 "mode" can be: *channel-mode*
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121 "json" - Use JSON, see below; most convenient way. Default.
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122 "js" - Use JS (JavaScript) encoding, more efficient than JSON.
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123 "nl" - Use messages that end in a NL character
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124 "raw" - Use raw messages
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125
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126 "in-mode" mode specifically for stdin, only when using pipes
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127 "out-mode" mode specifically for stdout, only when using pipes
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128 "err-mode" mode specifically for stderr, only when using pipes
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129 Note: when setting "mode" the part specific mode is
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130 overwritten. Therefore set "mode" first and the part specific
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131 mode later.
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132
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133 Note: when writing to a file or buffer NL mode is always used.
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134
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135 *channel-callback*
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136 "callback" A function that is called when a message is received that is
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137 not handled otherwise. It gets two arguments: the channel
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138 and the received message. Example: >
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139 func Handle(channel, msg)
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140 echo 'Received: ' . a:msg
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141 endfunc
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142 let channel = ch_open("localhost:8765", {"callback": "Handle"})
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143 <
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144 When "mode" is "json" or "js" the "msg" argument is the body
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145 of the received message, converted to Vim types.
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146 When "mode" is "nl" the "msg" argument is one message,
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147 excluding the NL.
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148 When "mode" is "raw" the "msg" argument is the whole message
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149 as a string.
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150 *out-cb*
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151 "out-cb" A function like "callback" but used for stdout. Only for when
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152 the channel uses pipes. When "out-cb" wasn't set the channel
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153 callback is used.
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154 *err-cb*
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155 "err-cb" A function like "callback" but used for stderr. Only for when
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156 the channel uses pipes. When "err-cb" wasn't set the channel
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157 callback is used.
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158
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159 TODO: *close-cb*
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160 "close-cb" A function that is called when the channel gets closed, other
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161 than by calling ch_close(). It should be defined like this: >
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162 func MyCloseHandler(channel)
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163 < *waittime*
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164 "waittime" The time to wait for the connection to be made in
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165 milliseconds. A negative number waits forever.
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166
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167 The default is zero, don't wait, which is useful if a local
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168 server is supposed to be running already. On Unix Vim
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169 actually uses a 1 msec timeout, that is required on many
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170 systems. Use a larger value for a remote server, e.g. 10
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171 msec at least.
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172
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173 "timeout" The time to wait for a request when blocking, E.g. when using
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174 ch_sendexpr(). In milliseconds. The default is 2000 (2
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175 seconds).
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176 *out-timeout* *err-timeout*
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177 "out-timeout" Timeout for stdout. Only when using pipes.
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178 "err-timeout" Timeout for stderr. Only when using pipes.
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179 Note: when setting "timeout" the part specific mode is
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180 overwritten. Therefore set "timeout" first and the part
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181 specific mode later.
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182
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183 When "mode" is "json" or "js" the "callback" is optional. When omitted it is
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184 only possible to receive a message after sending one.
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185
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186 To change the channel options after opening it use |ch_setoptions()|. The
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187 arguments are similar to what is passed to |ch_open()|, but "waittime" cannot
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188 be given, since that only applies to opening the channel.
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189
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190 For example, the handler can be added or changed: >
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191 call ch_setoptions(channel, {'callback': callback})
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192 When "callback" is empty (zero or an empty string) the handler is removed.
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193
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194 The timeout can be changed: >
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195 call ch_setoptions(channel, {'timeout': msec})
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196 <
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197 *channel-close* *E906*
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198 Once done with the channel, disconnect it like this: >
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199 call ch_close(channel)
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200 When a socket is used this will close the socket for both directions. When
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201 pipes are used (stdin/stdout/stderr) they are all closed. This might not be
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202 what you want! Stopping the job with job_stop() might be better.
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203 All readahead is discarded, callbacks will no longer be invoked.
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204
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205 When the channel can't be opened you will get an error message. There is a
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206 difference between MS-Windows and Unix: On Unix when the port doesn't exist
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207 ch_open() fails quickly. On MS-Windows "waittime" applies.
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208 *E898* *E899* *E900* *E901* *E902*
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209
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210 If there is an error reading or writing a channel it will be closed.
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211 *E896* *E630* *E631*
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212
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213 ==============================================================================
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214 4. Using a JSON or JS channel *channel-use*
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215
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216 If mode is JSON then a message can be sent synchronously like this: >
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217 let response = ch_sendexpr(channel, {expr})
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218 This awaits a response from the other side.
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219
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220 When mode is JS this works the same, except that the messages use
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221 JavaScript encoding. See |js_encode()| for the difference.
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222
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223 To send a message, without handling a response or letting the channel callback
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224 handle the response: >
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225 call ch_sendexpr(channel, {expr}, {'callback': 0})
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226
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227 To send a message and letting the response handled by a specific function,
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228 asynchronously: >
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229 call ch_sendexpr(channel, {expr}, {'callback': Handler})
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230
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231 Vim will match the response with the request using the message ID. Once the
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232 response is received the callback will be invoked. Further responses with the
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233 same ID will be ignored. If your server sends back multiple responses you
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234 need to send them with ID zero, they will be passed to the channel callback.
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235
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236 The {expr} is converted to JSON and wrapped in an array. An example of the
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237 message that the receiver will get when {expr} is the string "hello":
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238 [12,"hello"] ~
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239
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240 The format of the JSON sent is:
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241 [{number},{expr}]
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242
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243 In which {number} is different every time. It must be used in the response
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244 (if any):
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245
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246 [{number},{response}]
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247
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248 This way Vim knows which sent message matches with which received message and
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249 can call the right handler. Also when the messages arrive out of order.
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250
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251 The sender must always send valid JSON to Vim. Vim can check for the end of
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252 the message by parsing the JSON. It will only accept the message if the end
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253 was received.
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254
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255 When the process wants to send a message to Vim without first receiving a
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256 message, it must use the number zero:
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257 [0,{response}]
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258
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259 Then channel handler will then get {response} converted to Vim types. If the
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260 channel does not have a handler the message is dropped.
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261
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262 On read error or ch_close(), when using a socket, the string "DETACH" is sent,
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263 if still possible. The channel will then be inactive. For a JSON and JS mode
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264 channel quotes are used around DETACH, otherwise there are no quotes.
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265
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266 It is also possible to use ch_sendraw() on a JSON or JS channel. The caller
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267 is then completely responsible for correct encoding and decoding.
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268
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269 ==============================================================================
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270 5. Channel commands *channel-commands*
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271
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272 With a JSON channel the process can send commands to Vim that will be
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273 handled by Vim internally, it does not require a handler for the channel.
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274
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275 Possible commands are: *E903* *E904* *E905*
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276 ["redraw" {forced}]
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277 ["ex", {Ex command}]
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278 ["normal", {Normal mode command}]
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279 ["expr", {expression}, {number}]
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280 ["expr", {expression}]
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281 ["call", {func name}, {argument list}, {number}]
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282 ["call", {func name}, {argument list}]
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283
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284 With all of these: Be careful what these commands do! You can easily
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285 interfere with what the user is doing. To avoid trouble use |mode()| to check
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286 that the editor is in the expected state. E.g., to send keys that must be
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287 inserted as text, not executed as a command:
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288 ["ex","if mode() == 'i' | call feedkeys('ClassName') | endif"] ~
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289
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290 Errors in these commands are normally not reported to avoid them messing up
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291 the display. If you do want to see them, set the 'verbose' option to 3 or
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292 higher.
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293
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294
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295 Command "redraw" ~
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296
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297 The other commands do not update the screen, so that you can send a sequence
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298 of commands without the cursor moving around. You must end with the "redraw"
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299 command to show any changed text and show the cursor where it belongs.
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300
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301 The argument is normally an empty string:
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302 ["redraw", ""] ~
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303 To first clear the screen pass "force":
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304 ["redraw", "force"] ~
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305
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306
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307 Command "ex" ~
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308
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309 The "ex" command is executed as any Ex command. There is no response for
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310 completion or error. You could use functions in an |autoload| script:
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311 ["ex","call myscript#MyFunc(arg)"]
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312
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313 You can also use "call |feedkeys()|" to insert any key sequence.
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314
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315
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316 Command "normal" ~
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317
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318 The "normal" command is executed like with ":normal!", commands are not
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319 mapped. Example to open the folds under the cursor:
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320 ["normal" "zO"]
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321
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322
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323 Command "expr" with response ~
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324
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325 The "expr" command can be used to get the result of an expression. For
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326 example, to get the number of lines in the current buffer:
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327 ["expr","line('$')", -2] ~
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328
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329 It will send back the result of the expression:
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330 [-2, "last line"] ~
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331 The format is:
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332 [{number}, {result}]
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333
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334 Here {number} is the same as what was in the request. Use a negative number
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335 to avoid confusion with message that Vim sends. Use a different number on
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336 every request to be able to match the request with the response.
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337
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338 {result} is the result of the evaluation and is JSON encoded. If the
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339 evaluation fails or the result can't be encoded in JSON it is the string
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340 "ERROR".
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341
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342
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343 Command "expr" without a response ~
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344
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345 This command is similar to "expr" above, but does not send back any response.
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346 Example:
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347 ["expr","setline('$', ['one', 'two', 'three'])"] ~
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348 There is no third argument in the request.
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349
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350
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351 Command "call" ~
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352
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353 This is similar to "expr", but instead of passing the whole expression as a
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354 string this passes the name of a function and a list of arguments. This
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355 avoids the conversion of the arguments to a string and escaping and
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356 concatenating them. Example:
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357 ["call", "line", ["$"], -2] ~
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358
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359 Leave out the fourth argument if no response is to be sent:
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360 ["call", "setline", ["$", ["one", "two", "three"]]] ~
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361
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362 ==============================================================================
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363 6. Using a RAW or NL channel *channel-raw*
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364
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365 If mode is RAW or NL then a message can be send like this: >
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366 let response = ch_sendraw(channel, {string})
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367
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368 The {string} is sent as-is. The response will be what can be read from the
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369 channel right away. Since Vim doesn't know how to recognize the end of the
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370 message you need to take care of it yourself. The timeout applies for reading
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371 the first byte, after that it will not wait for anything more.
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372
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373 If mode is "nl" you can send a message in a similar way. You are expected
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374 to put in the NL after each message. Thus you can also send several messages
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375 ending in a NL at once. The response will be the text up to and including the
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376 first NL. This can also be just the NL for an empty response.
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377 If no NL was read before the channel timeout an empty string is returned.
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379 To send a message, without expecting a response: >
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380 call ch_sendraw(channel, {string}, 0)
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381 The process can send back a response, the channel handler will be called with
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382 it.
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384 To send a message and letting the response handled by a specific function,
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385 asynchronously: >
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386 call ch_sendraw(channel, {string}, {callback})
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387
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388 This {string} can also be JSON, use |json_encode()| to create it and
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389 |json_decode()| to handle a received JSON message.
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390
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391 It is not possible to use |ch_sendexpr()| on a raw channel.
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392
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393 ==============================================================================
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394 7. More channel functions *channel-more*
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395
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396 To obtain the status of a channel: ch_status(channel). The possible results
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397 are:
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398 "fail" Failed to open the channel.
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399 "open" The channel can be used.
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400 "closed" The channel was closed.
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401
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402 TODO:
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403 To obtain the job associated with a channel: ch_getjob(channel)
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404
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405 To read one message from a channel: >
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406 let output = ch_read(channel)
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407 This uses the channel timeout. To read without a timeout, just get any
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408 message that is available: >
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409 let output = ch_read(channel, {'timeout': 0})
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410 When no message was available then the result is v:none for a JSON or JS mode
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411 channels, an empty string for a RAW or NL channel.
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412
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413 To read all output from a RAW channel that is available: >
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414 let output = ch_readraw(channel)
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415 To read the error output: >
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416 let output = ch_readraw(channel, {"part": "err"})
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417
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418 ==============================================================================
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419 8. Starting a job with a channel *job-start* *job*
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420
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421 To start a job and open a channel for stdin/stdout/stderr: >
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422 let job = job_start(command, {options})
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423
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424 You can get the channel with: >
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425 let channel = job_getchannel(job)
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426
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427 The channel will use NL mode. If you want another mode it's best to specify
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428 this in {options}. When changing the mode later some text may have already
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429 been received and not parsed correctly.
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430
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431 If the command produces a line of output that you want to deal with, specify
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432 a handler for stdout: >
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433 let job = job_start(command, {"out-cb": "MyHandler"})
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434 The function will be called with the channel and a message. You would define
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435 it like this: >
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436 func MyHandler(channel, msg)
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437
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438 Without the handler you need to read the output with |ch_read()| or
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439 |ch_readraw()|.
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440
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441 The handler defined for "out-cb" will not receive stderr. If you want to
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442 handle that separately, add an "err-cb" handler: >
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443 let job = job_start(command, {"out-cb": "MyHandler",
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444 \ "err-cb": "ErrHandler"})
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445
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446 If you want to handle both stderr and stdout with one handler use the
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447 "callback" option: >
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448 let job = job_start(command, {"callback": "MyHandler"})
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449
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450 You can send a message to the command with ch_sendraw(). If the channel is in
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451 JSON or JS mode you can use ch_sendexpr().
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452
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453 There are several options you can use, see |job-options|.
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454 For example, to start a job and write its output in buffer "dummy": >
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455 let logjob = job_start("tail -f /tmp/log",
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456 \ {'out-io': 'buffer', 'out-name': 'dummy'})
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457 sbuf dummy
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458
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459 TODO:
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460 To run a job and read its output once it is done: >
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461 let job = job_start({command}, {'exit-cb': 'MyHandler'})
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462 func MyHandler(job, status)
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463 let channel = job_getchannel()
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464 let output = ch_readall(channel)
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465 " parse output
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466 endfunc
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467
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468 ==============================================================================
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469 9. Starting a job without a channel *job-start-nochannel*
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470
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471 To start another process without creating a channel: >
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472 let job = job_start(command, {"in-io": "null", "out-io": "null"})
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473
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474 This starts {command} in the background, Vim does not wait for it to finish.
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475
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476 TODO:
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477 When Vim sees that neither stdin, stdout or stderr are connected, no channel
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478 will be created. Often you will want to include redirection in the command to
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479 avoid it getting stuck.
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480
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481 There are several options you can use, see |job-options|.
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482
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483 TODO: *job-may-start*
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484 To start a job only when connecting to an address does not work use
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485 job_maystart('command', {address}, {options}), For Example: >
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486 let job = job_maystart(command, address, {"waittime": 1000})
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487 let channel = job_gethandle(job)
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488
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489 This comes down to: >
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490 let channel = ch_open(address, {"waittime": 0})
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491 if ch_status(channel) == "fail"
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492 let job = job_start(command)
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493 let channel = ch_open(address, {"waittime": 1000})
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494 call job_sethandle(channel)
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495 endif
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496 Note that the specified waittime applies to when the job has been started.
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497 This gives the job some time to make the port available.
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498
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499 ==============================================================================
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500 10. Job options *job-options*
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501
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502 The {options} argument in job_start() is a dictionary. All entries are
8178
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503 optional. Some options can be used after the job has started, using
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504 job_setoptions(job, {options}). Many options can be used with the channel
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505 related to the job, using ch_setoptions(channel, {options}).
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506 See |job_setoptions()| and |ch_setoptions()|.
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507
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508 *job-callback*
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509 "callback": handler Callback for something to read on any part of the
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510 channel.
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511 *job-out-cb*
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512 "out-cb": handler Callback for when there is something to read on
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513 stdout.
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514 *job-err-cb*
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515 "err-cb": handler Callback for when there is something to read on
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516 stderr.
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517 *job-close-cb*
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518 "close-cb": handler Callback for when the channel is closed. Same as
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519 "close-cb" on ch_open().
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520 *job-exit-cb*
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521 "exit-cb": handler Callback for when the job ends. The arguments are the
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522 job and the exit status.
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523 Vim checks about every 10 seconds for jobs that ended.
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524 The callback can also be triggered by calling
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525 |job_status()|.
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526 *job-stoponexit*
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527 "stoponexit": {signal} Send {signal} to the job when Vim exits. See
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528 |job_stop()| for possible values.
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529 "stoponexit": "" Do not stop the job when Vim exits.
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530 The default is "term".
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531
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532 TODO: *job-term*
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533 "term": "open" Start a terminal and connect the job
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534 stdin/stdout/stderr to it.
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535
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536 *job-in-io*
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537 "in-io": "null" disconnect stdin TODO
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538 "in-io": "pipe" stdin is connected to the channel (default)
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539 "in-io": "file" stdin reads from a file TODO
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540 "in-io": "buffer" stdin reads from a buffer TODO
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541 "in-name": "/path/file" the name of he file or buffer to read from
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542 "in-buf": number the number of the buffer to read from TODO
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543
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544 *job-out-io*
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545 "out-io": "null" disconnect stdout TODO
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546 "out-io": "pipe" stdout is connected to the channel (default)
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547 "out-io": "file" stdout writes to a file TODO
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548 "out-io": "buffer" stdout appends to a buffer
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549 "out-name": "/path/file" the name of the file or buffer to write to
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550 "out-buf": number the number of the buffer to write to TODO
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551
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552 *job-err-io*
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553 "err-io": "out" same as stdout TODO
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554 "err-io": "null" disconnect stderr TODO
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555 "err-io": "pipe" stderr is connected to the channel (default)
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556 "err-io": "file" stderr writes to a file TODO
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557 "err-io": "buffer" stderr appends to a buffer TODO
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558 "err-name": "/path/file" the name of the file or buffer to write to
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559 "err-buf": number the number of the buffer to write to TODO
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560
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561 When the IO mode is "buffer" and there is a callback, the text is appended to
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562 the buffer before invoking the callback.
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563 *E915*
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564 The name of the buffer is compared the full name of existing buffers. If
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565 there is a match that buffer is used. Otherwise a new buffer is created,
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566 where 'buftype' is set to "nofile" and 'bufhidden' to "hide". If you prefer
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567 other settings, create the buffer first and pass the buffer number.
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diff changeset
568
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569 When the buffer written to is displayed in a window and the cursor is in the
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570 first column of the last line, the cursor will be moved to the newly added
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571 line and the window is scrolled up to show the cursor if needed.
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572
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573 Undo is synced for every added line.
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574
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575 ==============================================================================
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576 11. Controlling a job *job-control*
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577
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578 To get the status of a job: >
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579 echo job_status(job)
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580
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581 To make a job stop running: >
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582 job_stop(job)
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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583
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
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584 This is the normal way to end a job. On Unix it sends a SIGTERM to the job.
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
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585 It is possible to use other ways to stop the job, or even send arbitrary
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
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586 signals. E.g. to force a job to stop, "kill it": >
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
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587 job_stop(job, "kill")
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
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588
abd64cf67bcf commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 7992
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589 For more options see |job_stop()|.
7788
192ae655ac91 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/3b5f929b18492fec291d1ec95a91f54e5912c03b
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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590
192ae655ac91 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/3b5f929b18492fec291d1ec95a91f54e5912c03b
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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591
192ae655ac91 commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/3b5f929b18492fec291d1ec95a91f54e5912c03b
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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592 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: