Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/repeat.txt @ 26812:4545b6dd8210
Added tag v8.2.3934 for changeset f0fdd992cfb935396fa693e464249f9a7b453a20
author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
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date | Wed, 29 Dec 2021 16:30:04 +0100 |
parents | edb7d53fc7e3 |
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rev | line source |
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26779 | 1 *repeat.txt* For Vim version 8.2. Last change: 2021 Dec 27 |
7 | 2 |
3 | |
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
5 | |
6 | |
7 Repeating commands, Vim scripts and debugging *repeating* | |
8 | |
9 Chapter 26 of the user manual introduces repeating |usr_26.txt|. | |
10 | |
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11 1. Single repeats |single-repeat| |
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12 2. Multiple repeats |multi-repeat| |
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13 3. Complex repeats |complex-repeat| |
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14 4. Using Vim scripts |using-scripts| |
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15 5. Using Vim packages |packages| |
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16 6. Creating Vim packages |package-create| |
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17 7. Debugging scripts |debug-scripts| |
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18 8. Profiling |profiling| |
7 | 19 |
20 ============================================================================== | |
21 1. Single repeats *single-repeat* | |
22 | |
23 *.* | |
24 . Repeat last change, with count replaced with [count]. | |
25 Also repeat a yank command, when the 'y' flag is | |
22 | 26 included in 'cpoptions'. Does not repeat a |
27 command-line command. | |
7 | 28 |
29 Simple changes can be repeated with the "." command. Without a count, the | |
30 count of the last change is used. If you enter a count, it will replace the | |
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31 last one. |v:count| and |v:count1| will be set. |
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32 |
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33 If the last change included a specification of a numbered register, the |
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34 register number will be incremented. See |redo-register| for an example how |
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35 to use this. |
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36 |
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37 Note that when repeating a command that used a Visual selection, the same SIZE |
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38 of area is used, see |visual-repeat|. |
7 | 39 |
40 *@:* | |
41 @: Repeat last command-line [count] times. | |
42 {not available when compiled without the | |
43 |+cmdline_hist| feature} | |
44 | |
45 | |
46 ============================================================================== | |
47 2. Multiple repeats *multi-repeat* | |
48 | |
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49 *:g* *:global* *E148* |
7 | 50 :[range]g[lobal]/{pattern}/[cmd] |
51 Execute the Ex command [cmd] (default ":p") on the | |
52 lines within [range] where {pattern} matches. | |
53 | |
54 :[range]g[lobal]!/{pattern}/[cmd] | |
55 Execute the Ex command [cmd] (default ":p") on the | |
56 lines within [range] where {pattern} does NOT match. | |
57 | |
58 *:v* *:vglobal* | |
59 :[range]v[global]/{pattern}/[cmd] | |
60 Same as :g!. | |
61 | |
24636 | 62 Example: > |
63 :g/^Obsolete/d _ | |
64 Using the underscore after `:d` avoids clobbering registers or the clipboard. | |
65 This also makes it faster. | |
66 | |
1125 | 67 Instead of the '/' which surrounds the {pattern}, you can use any other |
5239 | 68 single byte character, but not an alphabetic character, '\', '"' or '|'. |
1125 | 69 This is useful if you want to include a '/' in the search pattern or |
70 replacement string. | |
71 | |
72 For the definition of a pattern, see |pattern|. | |
73 | |
6336 | 74 NOTE [cmd] may contain a range; see |collapse| and |edit-paragraph-join| for |
75 examples. | |
76 | |
7 | 77 The global commands work by first scanning through the [range] lines and |
78 marking each line where a match occurs (for a multi-line pattern, only the | |
79 start of the match matters). | |
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80 In a second scan the [cmd] is executed for each marked line, as if the cursor |
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81 was in that line. For ":v" and ":g!" the command is executed for each not |
7 | 82 marked line. If a line is deleted its mark disappears. |
83 The default for [range] is the whole buffer (1,$). Use "CTRL-C" to interrupt | |
84 the command. If an error message is given for a line, the command for that | |
85 line is aborted and the global command continues with the next marked or | |
86 unmarked line. | |
18831 | 87 *E147* |
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88 When the command is used recursively, it only works on one line. Giving a |
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89 range is then not allowed. This is useful to find all lines that match a |
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90 pattern and do not match another pattern: > |
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91 :g/found/v/notfound/{cmd} |
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92 This first finds all lines containing "found", but only executes {cmd} when |
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93 there is no match for "notfound". |
7 | 94 |
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95 To execute a non-Ex command, you can use the `:normal` command: > |
7 | 96 :g/pat/normal {commands} |
97 Make sure that {commands} ends with a whole command, otherwise Vim will wait | |
98 for you to type the rest of the command for each match. The screen will not | |
99 have been updated, so you don't know what you are doing. See |:normal|. | |
100 | |
101 The undo/redo command will undo/redo the whole global command at once. | |
102 The previous context mark will only be set once (with "''" you go back to | |
103 where the cursor was before the global command). | |
104 | |
105 The global command sets both the last used search pattern and the last used | |
106 substitute pattern (this is vi compatible). This makes it easy to globally | |
107 replace a string: | |
108 :g/pat/s//PAT/g | |
109 This replaces all occurrences of "pat" with "PAT". The same can be done with: | |
110 :%s/pat/PAT/g | |
111 Which is two characters shorter! | |
112 | |
1623 | 113 When using "global" in Ex mode, a special case is using ":visual" as a |
114 command. This will move to a matching line, go to Normal mode to let you | |
115 execute commands there until you use |Q| to return to Ex mode. This will be | |
116 repeated for each matching line. While doing this you cannot use ":global". | |
117 To abort this type CTRL-C twice. | |
168 | 118 |
7 | 119 ============================================================================== |
120 3. Complex repeats *complex-repeat* | |
121 | |
122 *q* *recording* | |
123 q{0-9a-zA-Z"} Record typed characters into register {0-9a-zA-Z"} | |
124 (uppercase to append). The 'q' command is disabled | |
125 while executing a register, and it doesn't work inside | |
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126 a mapping and |:normal|. |
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127 |
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128 Note: If the register being used for recording is also |
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129 used for |y| and |p| the result is most likely not |
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130 what is expected, because the put will paste the |
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131 recorded macro and the yank will overwrite the |
16610 | 132 recorded macro. |
7 | 133 |
20552 | 134 Note: The recording happens while you type, replaying |
135 the register happens as if the keys come from a | |
136 mapping. This matters, for example, for undo, which | |
137 only syncs when commands were typed. | |
138 | |
7 | 139 q Stops recording. (Implementation note: The 'q' that |
140 stops recording is not stored in the register, unless | |
16610 | 141 it was the result of a mapping) |
7 | 142 |
143 *@* | |
3445 | 144 @{0-9a-z".=*+} Execute the contents of register {0-9a-z".=*+} [count] |
7 | 145 times. Note that register '%' (name of the current |
146 file) and '#' (name of the alternate file) cannot be | |
2681 | 147 used. |
148 The register is executed like a mapping, that means | |
149 that the difference between 'wildchar' and 'wildcharm' | |
20552 | 150 applies, and undo might not be synced in the same way. |
2681 | 151 For "@=" you are prompted to enter an expression. The |
152 result of the expression is then executed. | |
16610 | 153 See also |@:|. |
7 | 154 |
168 | 155 *@@* *E748* |
7 | 156 @@ Repeat the previous @{0-9a-z":*} [count] times. |
157 | |
24636 | 158 *:@* |
3445 | 159 :[addr]@{0-9a-z".=*+} Execute the contents of register {0-9a-z".=*+} as an Ex |
7 | 160 command. First set cursor at line [addr] (default is |
161 current line). When the last line in the register does | |
162 not have a <CR> it will be added automatically when | |
163 the 'e' flag is present in 'cpoptions'. | |
164 For ":@=" the last used expression is used. The | |
165 result of evaluating the expression is executed as an | |
166 Ex command. | |
167 Mappings are not recognized in these commands. | |
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168 When the |line-continuation| character (\) is present |
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169 at the beginning of a line in a linewise register, |
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170 then it is combined with the previous line. This is |
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171 useful for yanking and executing parts of a Vim |
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172 script. |
16610 | 173 Future: Will execute the register for each line in the |
174 address range. | |
7 | 175 |
24636 | 176 :[addr]*{0-9a-z".=+} *:star-compatible* |
177 When '*' is present in 'cpoptions' |cpo-star|, use | |
178 ":*" in the same way as ":@". This is NOT the default | |
179 when 'nocompatible' is used. When the '*' flag is not | |
180 present in 'cpoptions', ":*" is an alias for ":'<,'>", | |
181 select the Visual area |:star|. | |
182 | |
7 | 183 *:@:* |
184 :[addr]@: Repeat last command-line. First set cursor at line | |
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185 [addr] (default is current line). |
7 | 186 |
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187 :[addr]@ *:@@* |
20241 | 188 :[addr]@@ Repeat the previous :@{register}. First set cursor at |
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189 line [addr] (default is current line). |
7 | 190 |
191 ============================================================================== | |
192 4. Using Vim scripts *using-scripts* | |
193 | |
194 For writing a Vim script, see chapter 41 of the user manual |usr_41.txt|. | |
195 | |
196 *:so* *:source* *load-vim-script* | |
197 :so[urce] {file} Read Ex commands from {file}. These are commands that | |
198 start with a ":". | |
716 | 199 Triggers the |SourcePre| autocommand. |
16808 | 200 *:source!* |
7 | 201 :so[urce]! {file} Read Vim commands from {file}. These are commands |
202 that are executed from Normal mode, like you type | |
203 them. | |
204 When used after |:global|, |:argdo|, |:windo|, | |
205 |:bufdo|, in a loop or when another command follows | |
206 the display won't be updated while executing the | |
207 commands. | |
16808 | 208 Cannot be used in the |sandbox|. |
7 | 209 |
210 *:ru* *:runtime* | |
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211 :ru[ntime][!] [where] {file} .. |
7 | 212 Read Ex commands from {file} in each directory given |
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213 by 'runtimepath' and/or 'packpath'. There is no error |
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214 for non-existing files. |
18831 | 215 |
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216 Example: > |
7 | 217 :runtime syntax/c.vim |
218 | |
219 < There can be multiple {file} arguments, separated by | |
220 spaces. Each {file} is searched for in the first | |
221 directory from 'runtimepath', then in the second | |
222 directory, etc. Use a backslash to include a space | |
223 inside {file} (although it's better not to use spaces | |
224 in file names, it causes trouble). | |
225 | |
226 When [!] is included, all found files are sourced. | |
227 When it is not included only the first found file is | |
228 sourced. | |
229 | |
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230 When [where] is omitted only 'runtimepath' is used. |
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231 Other values: |
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232 START search under "start" in 'packpath' |
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233 OPT search under "opt" in 'packpath' |
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234 PACK search under "start" and "opt" in |
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235 'packpath' |
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236 ALL first use 'runtimepath', then search |
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237 under "start" and "opt" in 'packpath' |
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238 |
7 | 239 When {file} contains wildcards it is expanded to all |
240 matching files. Example: > | |
18130 | 241 :runtime! plugin/**/*.vim |
7 | 242 < This is what Vim uses to load the plugin files when |
237 | 243 starting up. This similar command: > |
18130 | 244 :runtime plugin/**/*.vim |
7 | 245 < would source the first file only. |
246 | |
247 When 'verbose' is one or higher, there is a message | |
248 when no file could be found. | |
249 When 'verbose' is two or higher, there is a message | |
250 about each searched file. | |
251 | |
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252 *:pa* *:packadd* *E919* |
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253 :pa[ckadd][!] {name} Search for an optional plugin directory in 'packpath' |
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254 and source any plugin files found. The directory must |
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255 match: |
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256 pack/*/opt/{name} ~ |
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257 The directory is added to 'runtimepath' if it wasn't |
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258 there yet. |
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259 If the directory pack/*/opt/{name}/after exists it is |
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260 added at the end of 'runtimepath'. |
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261 |
13051 | 262 If loading packages from "pack/*/start" was skipped, |
263 then this directory is searched first: | |
264 pack/*/start/{name} ~ | |
265 | |
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266 Note that {name} is the directory name, not the name |
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267 of the .vim file. All the files matching the pattern |
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268 pack/*/opt/{name}/plugin/**/*.vim ~ |
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269 will be sourced. This allows for using subdirectories |
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270 below "plugin", just like with plugins in |
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271 'runtimepath'. |
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272 |
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273 If the filetype detection was not enabled yet (this |
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274 is usually done with a "syntax enable" or "filetype |
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275 on" command in your .vimrc file), this will also look |
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276 for "{name}/ftdetect/*.vim" files. |
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277 |
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278 When the optional ! is added no plugin files or |
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279 ftdetect scripts are loaded, only the matching |
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280 directories are added to 'runtimepath'. This is |
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281 useful in your .vimrc. The plugins will then be |
24911 | 282 loaded during initialization, see |load-plugins| (note |
283 that the loading order will be reversed, because each | |
284 directory is inserted before others). | |
22565 | 285 Note that for ftdetect scripts to be loaded |
286 you will need to write `filetype plugin indent on` | |
287 AFTER all `packadd!` commands. | |
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288 |
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289 Also see |pack-add|. |
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290 {only available when compiled with |+eval|} |
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291 |
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292 *:packl* *:packloadall* |
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293 :packl[oadall][!] Load all packages in the "start" directory under each |
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294 entry in 'packpath'. |
18831 | 295 |
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296 First all the directories found are added to |
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297 'runtimepath', then the plugins found in the |
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298 directories are sourced. This allows for a plugin to |
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299 depend on something of another plugin, e.g. an |
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300 "autoload" directory. See |packload-two-steps| for |
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301 how this can be useful. |
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302 |
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303 This is normally done automatically during startup, |
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304 after loading your .vimrc file. With this command it |
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305 can be done earlier. |
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306 |
17161 | 307 Packages will be loaded only once. Using |
308 `:packloadall` a second time will have no effect. | |
309 When the optional ! is added this command will load | |
310 packages even when done before. | |
311 | |
312 Note that when using `:packloadall` in the |vimrc| | |
313 file, the 'runtimepath' option is updated, and later | |
314 all plugins in 'runtimepath' will be loaded, which | |
315 means they are loaded again. Plugins are expected to | |
316 handle that. | |
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317 |
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318 An error only causes sourcing the script where it |
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319 happens to be aborted, further plugins will be loaded. |
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320 See |packages|. |
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321 {only available when compiled with |+eval|} |
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322 |
7 | 323 :scripte[ncoding] [encoding] *:scripte* *:scriptencoding* *E167* |
324 Specify the character encoding used in the script. | |
325 The following lines will be converted from [encoding] | |
326 to the value of the 'encoding' option, if they are | |
327 different. Examples: > | |
328 scriptencoding iso-8859-5 | |
329 scriptencoding cp932 | |
330 < | |
331 When [encoding] is empty, no conversion is done. This | |
332 can be used to restrict conversion to a sequence of | |
333 lines: > | |
334 scriptencoding euc-jp | |
335 ... lines to be converted ... | |
336 scriptencoding | |
337 ... not converted ... | |
338 | |
339 < When conversion isn't supported by the system, there | |
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340 is no error message and no conversion is done. When a |
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341 line can't be converted there is no error and the |
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342 original line is kept. |
7 | 343 |
344 Don't use "ucs-2" or "ucs-4", scripts cannot be in | |
345 these encodings (they would contain NUL bytes). | |
346 When a sourced script starts with a BOM (Byte Order | |
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347 Mark) in utf-8 format Vim will recognize it, no need |
7 | 348 to use ":scriptencoding utf-8" then. |
349 | |
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350 If you set the 'encoding' option in your |.vimrc|, |
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351 `:scriptencoding` must be placed after that. E.g.: > |
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352 set encoding=utf-8 |
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353 scriptencoding utf-8 |
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354 < |
7 | 355 |
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356 :scriptv[ersion] {version} *:scriptv* *:scriptversion* |
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357 *E999* *E984* |
16267 | 358 Specify the version of Vim for the lines that follow |
359 in the same file. Only applies at the toplevel of | |
360 sourced scripts, not inside functions. | |
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361 |
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362 If {version} is higher than what the current Vim |
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363 version supports E999 will be given. You either need |
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364 to rewrite the script to make it work with an older |
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365 Vim version, or update Vim to a newer version. See |
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366 |vimscript-version| for what changed between versions. |
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367 |
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368 :vim9s[cript] [noclear] *:vim9s* *:vim9script* |
23466 | 369 Marks a script file as containing |Vim9-script| |
370 commands. Also see |vim9-namespace|. | |
371 Must be the first command in the file. | |
372 For [noclear] see |vim9-reload|. | |
373 Without the |+eval| feature this changes the syntax | |
374 for some commands. | |
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375 See |:vim9cmd| for executing one command with Vim9 |
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376 syntax and semantics. |
24911 | 377 |
6476 | 378 *:scr* *:scriptnames* |
379 :scr[iptnames] List all sourced script names, in the order they were | |
7 | 380 first sourced. The number is used for the script ID |
381 |<SID>|. | |
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382 {not available when compiled without the |+eval| |
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383 feature} |
7 | 384 |
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385 :scr[iptnames][!] {scriptId} *:script* |
15194 | 386 Edit script {scriptId}. Although ":scriptnames name" |
387 works, using ":script name" is recommended. | |
388 When the current buffer can't be |abandon|ed and the ! | |
389 is not present, the command fails. | |
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390 |
7 | 391 *:fini* *:finish* *E168* |
392 :fini[sh] Stop sourcing a script. Can only be used in a Vim | |
393 script file. This is a quick way to skip the rest of | |
394 the file. If it is used after a |:try| but before the | |
395 matching |:finally| (if present), the commands | |
396 following the ":finally" up to the matching |:endtry| | |
397 are executed first. This process applies to all | |
398 nested ":try"s in the script. The outermost ":endtry" | |
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399 then stops sourcing the script. |
7 | 400 |
401 All commands and command sequences can be repeated by putting them in a named | |
402 register and then executing it. There are two ways to get the commands in the | |
403 register: | |
404 - Use the record command "q". You type the commands once, and while they are | |
405 being executed they are stored in a register. Easy, because you can see | |
406 what you are doing. If you make a mistake, "p"ut the register into the | |
407 file, edit the command sequence, and then delete it into the register | |
408 again. You can continue recording by appending to the register (use an | |
409 uppercase letter). | |
410 - Delete or yank the command sequence into the register. | |
411 | |
412 Often used command sequences can be put under a function key with the ':map' | |
413 command. | |
414 | |
415 An alternative is to put the commands in a file, and execute them with the | |
416 ':source!' command. Useful for long command sequences. Can be combined with | |
417 the ':map' command to put complicated commands under a function key. | |
418 | |
419 The ':source' command reads Ex commands from a file line by line. You will | |
420 have to type any needed keyboard input. The ':source!' command reads from a | |
421 script file character by character, interpreting each character as if you | |
422 typed it. | |
423 | |
424 Example: When you give the ":!ls" command you get the |hit-enter| prompt. If | |
425 you ':source' a file with the line "!ls" in it, you will have to type the | |
426 <Enter> yourself. But if you ':source!' a file with the line ":!ls" in it, | |
427 the next characters from that file are read until a <CR> is found. You will | |
428 not have to type <CR> yourself, unless ":!ls" was the last line in the file. | |
429 | |
430 It is possible to put ':source[!]' commands in the script file, so you can | |
431 make a top-down hierarchy of script files. The ':source' command can be | |
432 nested as deep as the number of files that can be opened at one time (about | |
433 15). The ':source!' command can be nested up to 15 levels deep. | |
434 | |
435 You can use the "<sfile>" string (literally, this is not a special key) inside | |
436 of the sourced file, in places where a file name is expected. It will be | |
437 replaced by the file name of the sourced file. For example, if you have a | |
438 "other.vimrc" file in the same directory as your ".vimrc" file, you can source | |
439 it from your ".vimrc" file with this command: > | |
440 :source <sfile>:h/other.vimrc | |
441 | |
442 In script files terminal-dependent key codes are represented by | |
443 terminal-independent two character codes. This means that they can be used | |
444 in the same way on different kinds of terminals. The first character of a | |
445 key code is 0x80 or 128, shown on the screen as "~@". The second one can be | |
446 found in the list |key-notation|. Any of these codes can also be entered | |
447 with CTRL-V followed by the three digit decimal code. This does NOT work for | |
448 the <t_xx> termcap codes, these can only be used in mappings. | |
449 | |
450 *:source_crnl* *W15* | |
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451 Win32: Files that are read with ":source" normally have <CR><NL> <EOL>s. |
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452 These always work. If you are using a file with <NL> <EOL>s (for example, a |
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453 file made on Unix), this will be recognized if 'fileformats' is not empty and |
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454 the first line does not end in a <CR>. This fails if the first line has |
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455 something like ":map <F1> :help^M", where "^M" is a <CR>. If the first line |
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456 ends in a <CR>, but following ones don't, you will get an error message, |
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457 because the <CR> from the first lines will be lost. |
7 | 458 |
333 | 459 Mac Classic: Files that are read with ":source" normally have <CR> <EOL>s. |
7 | 460 These always work. If you are using a file with <NL> <EOL>s (for example, a |
461 file made on Unix), this will be recognized if 'fileformats' is not empty and | |
462 the first line does not end in a <CR>. Be careful not to use a file with <NL> | |
463 linebreaks which has a <CR> in first line. | |
464 | |
465 On other systems, Vim expects ":source"ed files to end in a <NL>. These | |
466 always work. If you are using a file with <CR><NL> <EOL>s (for example, a | |
18972 | 467 file made on MS-Windows), all lines will have a trailing <CR>. This may cause |
7 | 468 problems for some commands (e.g., mappings). There is no automatic <EOL> |
469 detection, because it's common to start with a line that defines a mapping | |
470 that ends in a <CR>, which will confuse the automaton. | |
471 | |
472 *line-continuation* | |
473 Long lines in a ":source"d Ex command script file can be split by inserting | |
474 a line continuation symbol "\" (backslash) at the start of the next line. | |
475 There can be white space before the backslash, which is ignored. | |
476 | |
477 Example: the lines > | |
478 :set comments=sr:/*,mb:*,el:*/, | |
479 \://, | |
480 \b:#, | |
481 \:%, | |
482 \n:>, | |
483 \fb:- | |
484 are interpreted as if they were given in one line: | |
485 :set comments=sr:/*,mb:*,el:*/,://,b:#,:%,n:>,fb:- | |
486 | |
487 All leading whitespace characters in the line before a backslash are ignored. | |
488 Note however that trailing whitespace in the line before it cannot be | |
489 inserted freely; it depends on the position where a command is split up | |
490 whether additional whitespace is allowed or not. | |
491 | |
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492 When a space is required it's best to put it right after the backslash. A |
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493 space at the end of a line is hard to see and may be accidentally deleted. > |
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494 :syn match Comment |
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495 \ "very long regexp" |
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496 \ keepend |
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497 |
26779 | 498 In |Vim9| script the backslash can often be omitted, but not always. |
499 See |vim9-line-continuation|. | |
500 | |
7 | 501 There is a problem with the ":append" and ":insert" commands: > |
502 :1append | |
503 \asdf | |
504 . | |
505 The backslash is seen as a line-continuation symbol, thus this results in the | |
506 command: > | |
507 :1appendasdf | |
508 . | |
509 To avoid this, add the 'C' flag to the 'cpoptions' option: > | |
510 :set cpo+=C | |
511 :1append | |
512 \asdf | |
513 . | |
514 :set cpo-=C | |
515 | |
516 Note that when the commands are inside a function, you need to add the 'C' | |
517 flag when defining the function, it is not relevant when executing it. > | |
518 :set cpo+=C | |
519 :function Foo() | |
520 :1append | |
521 \asdf | |
522 . | |
523 :endfunction | |
524 :set cpo-=C | |
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525 < |
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526 *line-continuation-comment* |
14864 | 527 To add a comment in between the lines start with '"\ '. Notice the space |
528 after the backslash. Example: > | |
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529 let array = [ |
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530 "\ first entry comment |
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531 \ 'first', |
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532 "\ second entry comment |
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533 \ 'second', |
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534 \ ] |
7 | 535 |
536 Rationale: | |
537 Most programs work with a trailing backslash to indicate line | |
538 continuation. Using this in Vim would cause incompatibility with Vi. | |
539 For example for this Vi mapping: > | |
540 :map xx asdf\ | |
541 < Therefore the unusual leading backslash is used. | |
542 | |
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543 Starting a comment in a continuation line results in all following |
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544 continuation lines to be part of the comment. Since it was like this |
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545 for a long time, when making it possible to add a comment halfway a |
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546 sequence of continuation lines, it was not possible to use \", since |
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547 that was a valid continuation line. Using '"\ ' comes closest, even |
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548 though it may look a bit weird. Requiring the space after the |
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549 backslash is to make it very unlikely this is a normal comment line. |
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550 |
7 | 551 ============================================================================== |
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552 5. Using Vim packages *packages* |
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553 |
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554 A Vim package is a directory that contains one or more plugins. The |
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555 advantages over normal plugins: |
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556 - A package can be downloaded as an archive and unpacked in its own directory. |
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557 Thus the files are not mixed with files of other plugins. That makes it |
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558 easy to update and remove. |
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559 - A package can be a git, mercurial, etc. repository. That makes it really |
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560 easy to update. |
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561 - A package can contain multiple plugins that depend on each other. |
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562 - A package can contain plugins that are automatically loaded on startup and |
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563 ones that are only loaded when needed with `:packadd`. |
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564 |
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565 |
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566 Using a package and loading automatically ~ |
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567 |
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568 Let's assume your Vim files are in the "~/.vim" directory and you want to add a |
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569 package from a zip archive "/tmp/foopack.zip": |
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570 % mkdir -p ~/.vim/pack/foo |
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571 % cd ~/.vim/pack/foo |
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572 % unzip /tmp/foopack.zip |
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573 |
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574 The directory name "foo" is arbitrary, you can pick anything you like. |
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575 |
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576 You would now have these files under ~/.vim: |
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577 pack/foo/README.txt |
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578 pack/foo/start/foobar/plugin/foo.vim |
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579 pack/foo/start/foobar/syntax/some.vim |
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580 pack/foo/opt/foodebug/plugin/debugger.vim |
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581 |
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582 When Vim starts up, after processing your .vimrc, it scans all directories in |
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583 'packpath' for plugins under the "pack/*/start" directory. First all those |
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584 directories are added to 'runtimepath'. Then all the plugins are loaded. |
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585 See |packload-two-steps| for how these two steps can be useful. |
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586 |
18831 | 587 In the example Vim will find "pack/foo/start/foobar/plugin/foo.vim" and adds |
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588 "~/.vim/pack/foo/start/foobar" to 'runtimepath'. |
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589 |
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590 If the "foobar" plugin kicks in and sets the 'filetype' to "some", Vim will |
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591 find the syntax/some.vim file, because its directory is in 'runtimepath'. |
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592 |
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593 Vim will also load ftdetect files, if there are any. |
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594 |
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595 Note that the files under "pack/foo/opt" are not loaded automatically, only the |
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596 ones under "pack/foo/start". See |pack-add| below for how the "opt" directory |
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597 is used. |
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598 |
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599 Loading packages automatically will not happen if loading plugins is disabled, |
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600 see |load-plugins|. |
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601 |
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602 To load packages earlier, so that 'runtimepath' gets updated: > |
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603 :packloadall |
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604 This also works when loading plugins is disabled. The automatic loading will |
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605 only happen once. |
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606 |
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607 If the package has an "after" directory, that directory is added to the end of |
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608 'runtimepath', so that anything there will be loaded later. |
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609 |
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610 |
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611 Using a single plugin and loading it automatically ~ |
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612 |
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613 If you don't have a package but a single plugin, you need to create the extra |
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614 directory level: |
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615 % mkdir -p ~/.vim/pack/foo/start/foobar |
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616 % cd ~/.vim/pack/foo/start/foobar |
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617 % unzip /tmp/someplugin.zip |
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618 |
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619 You would now have these files: |
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620 pack/foo/start/foobar/plugin/foo.vim |
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621 pack/foo/start/foobar/syntax/some.vim |
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622 |
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623 From here it works like above. |
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624 |
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625 |
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626 Optional plugins ~ |
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627 *pack-add* |
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628 To load an optional plugin from a pack use the `:packadd` command: > |
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629 :packadd foodebug |
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630 This searches for "pack/*/opt/foodebug" in 'packpath' and will find |
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631 ~/.vim/pack/foo/opt/foodebug/plugin/debugger.vim and source it. |
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632 |
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633 This could be done if some conditions are met. For example, depending on |
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634 whether Vim supports a feature or a dependency is missing. |
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635 |
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636 You can also load an optional plugin at startup, by putting this command in |
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637 your |.vimrc|: > |
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638 :packadd! foodebug |
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639 The extra "!" is so that the plugin isn't loaded if Vim was started with |
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640 |--noplugin|. |
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641 |
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642 It is perfectly normal for a package to only have files in the "opt" |
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643 directory. You then need to load each plugin when you want to use it. |
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644 |
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645 |
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646 Where to put what ~ |
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647 |
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648 Since color schemes, loaded with `:colorscheme`, are found below |
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649 "pack/*/start" and "pack/*/opt", you could put them anywhere. We recommend |
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650 you put them below "pack/*/opt", for example |
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651 ".vim/pack/mycolors/opt/dark/colors/very_dark.vim". |
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652 |
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653 Filetype plugins should go under "pack/*/start", so that they are always |
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654 found. Unless you have more than one plugin for a file type and want to |
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655 select which one to load with `:packadd`. E.g. depending on the compiler |
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656 version: > |
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657 if foo_compiler_version > 34 |
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658 packadd foo_new |
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659 else |
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660 packadd foo_old |
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661 endif |
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662 |
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663 The "after" directory is most likely not useful in a package. It's not |
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664 disallowed though. |
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665 |
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666 ============================================================================== |
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667 6. Creating Vim packages *package-create* |
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668 |
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669 This assumes you write one or more plugins that you distribute as a package. |
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670 |
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671 If you have two unrelated plugins you would use two packages, so that Vim |
21499 | 672 users can choose what they include or not. Or you can decide to use one |
21825 | 673 package with optional plugins, and tell the user to add the preferred ones with |
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674 `:packadd`. |
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675 |
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676 Decide how you want to distribute the package. You can create an archive or |
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677 you could use a repository. An archive can be used by more users, but is a |
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678 bit harder to update to a new version. A repository can usually be kept |
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679 up-to-date easily, but it requires a program like "git" to be available. |
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680 You can do both, github can automatically create an archive for a release. |
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681 |
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682 Your directory layout would be like this: |
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683 start/foobar/plugin/foo.vim " always loaded, defines commands |
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684 start/foobar/plugin/bar.vim " always loaded, defines commands |
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685 start/foobar/autoload/foo.vim " loaded when foo command used |
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686 start/foobar/doc/foo.txt " help for foo.vim |
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687 start/foobar/doc/tags " help tags |
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688 opt/fooextra/plugin/extra.vim " optional plugin, defines commands |
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689 opt/fooextra/autoload/extra.vim " loaded when extra command used |
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690 opt/fooextra/doc/extra.txt " help for extra.vim |
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691 opt/fooextra/doc/tags " help tags |
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692 |
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693 This allows for the user to do: > |
24103 | 694 mkdir ~/.vim/pack |
695 cd ~/.vim/pack | |
696 git clone https://github.com/you/foobar.git myfoobar | |
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697 |
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698 Here "myfoobar" is a name that the user can choose, the only condition is that |
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699 it differs from other packages. |
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700 |
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701 In your documentation you explain what the plugins do, and tell the user how |
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702 to load the optional plugin: > |
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703 :packadd! fooextra |
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704 |
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705 You could add this packadd command in one of your plugins, to be executed when |
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706 the optional plugin is needed. |
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707 |
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708 Run the `:helptags` command to generate the doc/tags file. Including this |
21825 | 709 generated file in the package means that the user can drop the package in the |
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710 pack directory and the help command works right away. Don't forget to re-run |
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711 the command after changing the plugin help: > |
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712 :helptags path/start/foobar/doc |
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713 :helptags path/opt/fooextra/doc |
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714 |
8876
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715 |
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716 Dependencies between plugins ~ |
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717 *packload-two-steps* |
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718 Suppose you have two plugins that depend on the same functionality. You can |
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719 put the common functionality in an autoload directory, so that it will be |
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720 found automatically. Your package would have these files: |
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721 |
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722 pack/foo/start/one/plugin/one.vim > |
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723 call foolib#getit() |
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724 < pack/foo/start/two/plugin/two.vim > |
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725 call foolib#getit() |
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726 < pack/foo/start/lib/autoload/foolib.vim > |
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727 func foolib#getit() |
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728 |
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729 This works, because loading packages will first add all found directories to |
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730 'runtimepath' before sourcing the plugins. |
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731 |
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732 ============================================================================== |
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733 7. Debugging scripts *debug-scripts* |
7 | 734 |
735 Besides the obvious messages that you can add to your scripts to find out what | |
736 they are doing, Vim offers a debug mode. This allows you to step through a | |
737 sourced file or user function and set breakpoints. | |
738 | |
739 NOTE: The debugging mode is far from perfect. Debugging will have side | |
740 effects on how Vim works. You cannot use it to debug everything. For | |
741 example, the display is messed up by the debugging messages. | |
742 | |
743 An alternative to debug mode is setting the 'verbose' option. With a bigger | |
744 number it will give more verbose messages about what Vim is doing. | |
745 | |
746 | |
747 STARTING DEBUG MODE *debug-mode* | |
748 | |
749 To enter debugging mode use one of these methods: | |
750 1. Start Vim with the |-D| argument: > | |
751 vim -D file.txt | |
752 < Debugging will start as soon as the first vimrc file is sourced. This is | |
753 useful to find out what is happening when Vim is starting up. A side | |
754 effect is that Vim will switch the terminal mode before initialisations | |
755 have finished, with unpredictable results. | |
756 For a GUI-only version (Windows, Macintosh) the debugging will start as | |
757 soon as the GUI window has been opened. To make this happen early, add a | |
758 ":gui" command in the vimrc file. | |
759 *:debug* | |
760 2. Run a command with ":debug" prepended. Debugging will only be done while | |
761 this command executes. Useful for debugging a specific script or user | |
762 function. And for scripts and functions used by autocommands. Example: > | |
763 :debug edit test.txt.gz | |
764 | |
765 3. Set a breakpoint in a sourced file or user function. You could do this in | |
766 the command line: > | |
767 vim -c "breakadd file */explorer.vim" . | |
768 < This will run Vim and stop in the first line of the "explorer.vim" script. | |
769 Breakpoints can also be set while in debugging mode. | |
770 | |
771 In debugging mode every executed command is displayed before it is executed. | |
772 Comment lines, empty lines and lines that are not executed are skipped. When | |
773 a line contains two commands, separated by "|", each command will be displayed | |
774 separately. | |
775 | |
776 | |
777 DEBUG MODE | |
778 | |
779 Once in debugging mode, the usual Ex commands can be used. For example, to | |
780 inspect the value of a variable: > | |
781 echo idx | |
782 When inside a user function, this will print the value of the local variable | |
783 "idx". Prepend "g:" to get the value of a global variable: > | |
784 echo g:idx | |
785 All commands are executed in the context of the current function or script. | |
786 You can also set options, for example setting or resetting 'verbose' will show | |
787 what happens, but you might want to set it just before executing the lines you | |
788 are interested in: > | |
789 :set verbose=20 | |
790 | |
791 Commands that require updating the screen should be avoided, because their | |
792 effect won't be noticed until after leaving debug mode. For example: > | |
793 :help | |
794 won't be very helpful. | |
795 | |
796 There is a separate command-line history for debug mode. | |
797 | |
26304 | 798 NOTE: In Vim9 script, if a command is written at the script level and |
799 continues on the next line, not using the old way with a backslash for line | |
800 continuation, only the first line is printed before the debugging prompt. | |
801 | |
7 | 802 The line number for a function line is relative to the start of the function. |
803 If you have trouble figuring out where you are, edit the file that defines | |
804 the function in another Vim, search for the start of the function and do | |
805 "99j". Replace "99" with the line number. | |
806 | |
807 Additionally, these commands can be used: | |
808 *>cont* | |
809 cont Continue execution until the next breakpoint is hit. | |
810 *>quit* | |
811 quit Abort execution. This is like using CTRL-C, some | |
812 things might still be executed, doesn't abort | |
813 everything. Still stops at the next breakpoint. | |
814 *>next* | |
815 next Execute the command and come back to debug mode when | |
816 it's finished. This steps over user function calls | |
817 and sourced files. | |
818 *>step* | |
819 step Execute the command and come back to debug mode for | |
820 the next command. This steps into called user | |
821 functions and sourced files. | |
822 *>interrupt* | |
823 interrupt This is like using CTRL-C, but unlike ">quit" comes | |
824 back to debug mode for the next command that is | |
825 executed. Useful for testing |:finally| and |:catch| | |
826 on interrupt exceptions. | |
827 *>finish* | |
828 finish Finish the current script or user function and come | |
829 back to debug mode for the command after the one that | |
830 sourced or called it. | |
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831 *>bt* |
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832 *>backtrace* |
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833 *>where* |
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834 backtrace Show the call stacktrace for current debugging session. |
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835 bt |
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836 where |
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837 *>frame* |
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838 frame N Goes to N backtrace level. + and - signs make movement |
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839 relative. E.g., ":frame +3" goes three frames up. |
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840 *>up* |
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841 up Goes one level up from call stacktrace. |
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842 *>down* |
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843 down Goes one level down from call stacktrace. |
7 | 844 |
845 About the additional commands in debug mode: | |
846 - There is no command-line completion for them, you get the completion for the | |
847 normal Ex commands only. | |
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848 - You can shorten them, up to a single character, unless more than one command |
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849 starts with the same letter. "f" stands for "finish", use "fr" for "frame". |
7 | 850 - Hitting <CR> will repeat the previous one. When doing another command, this |
851 is reset (because it's not clear what you want to repeat). | |
852 - When you want to use the Ex command with the same name, prepend a colon: | |
853 ":cont", ":next", ":finish" (or shorter). | |
25056 | 854 *vim9-debug* |
855 When debugging a compiled :def function, "step" will stop before every | |
25161 | 856 executed line, not every single instruction. Thus it works mostly like a not |
25056 | 857 compiled function. Access to local variables is limited you can use: > |
858 echo varname | |
859 But not much else. | |
860 When executing a command that is not a specific bytecode instruction but | |
861 executed like a normal Ex command, "step" will stop once in the compiled | |
862 context, where local variables can be inspected, and once just before | |
863 executing the command. | |
7 | 864 |
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865 The backtrace shows the hierarchy of function calls, e.g.: |
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866 >bt ~ |
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867 3 function One[3] ~ |
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868 2 Two[3] ~ |
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869 ->1 Three[3] ~ |
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870 0 Four ~ |
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871 line 1: let four = 4 ~ |
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872 |
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873 The "->" points to the current frame. Use "up", "down" and "frame N" to |
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874 select another frame. |
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875 |
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876 In the current frame you can evaluate the local function variables. There is |
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877 no way to see the command at the current line yet. |
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878 |
7 | 879 |
880 DEFINING BREAKPOINTS | |
881 *:breaka* *:breakadd* | |
882 :breaka[dd] func [lnum] {name} | |
883 Set a breakpoint in a function. Example: > | |
884 :breakadd func Explore | |
885 < Doesn't check for a valid function name, thus the breakpoint | |
886 can be set before the function is defined. | |
887 | |
888 :breaka[dd] file [lnum] {name} | |
889 Set a breakpoint in a sourced file. Example: > | |
890 :breakadd file 43 .vimrc | |
891 | |
10 | 892 :breaka[dd] here |
893 Set a breakpoint in the current line of the current file. | |
894 Like doing: > | |
895 :breakadd file <cursor-line> <current-file> | |
896 < Note that this only works for commands that are executed when | |
897 sourcing the file, not for a function defined in that file. | |
898 | |
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899 :breaka[dd] expr {expression} |
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900 Sets a breakpoint, that will break whenever the {expression} |
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901 evaluates to a different value. Example: > |
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902 :breakadd expr g:lnum |
25773 | 903 < Will break, whenever the global variable lnum changes. |
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904 |
25773 | 905 Errors in evaluation are suppressed, you can use the name of a |
906 variable that does not exist yet. This also means you will | |
907 not notice anything if the expression has a mistake. | |
908 | |
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909 Note if you watch a |script-variable| this will break |
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910 when switching scripts, since the script variable is only |
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911 valid in the script where it has been defined and if that |
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912 script is called from several other scripts, this will stop |
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913 whenever that particular variable will become visible or |
24024 | 914 inaccessible again. |
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915 |
7 | 916 The [lnum] is the line number of the breakpoint. Vim will stop at or after |
917 this line. When omitted line 1 is used. | |
918 | |
170 | 919 *:debug-name* |
7 | 920 {name} is a pattern that is matched with the file or function name. The |
921 pattern is like what is used for autocommands. There must be a full match (as | |
922 if the pattern starts with "^" and ends in "$"). A "*" matches any sequence | |
923 of characters. 'ignorecase' is not used, but "\c" can be used in the pattern | |
924 to ignore case |/\c|. Don't include the () for the function name! | |
925 | |
11 | 926 The match for sourced scripts is done against the full file name. If no path |
927 is specified the current directory is used. Examples: > | |
928 breakadd file explorer.vim | |
929 matches "explorer.vim" in the current directory. > | |
7 | 930 breakadd file *explorer.vim |
11 | 931 matches ".../plugin/explorer.vim", ".../plugin/iexplorer.vim", etc. > |
7 | 932 breakadd file */explorer.vim |
11 | 933 matches ".../plugin/explorer.vim" and "explorer.vim" in any other directory. |
7 | 934 |
935 The match for functions is done against the name as it's shown in the output | |
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936 of ":function". However, for local functions the script-specific prefix such |
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937 as "<SNR>99_" is ignored to make it easier to match script-local functions |
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938 without knowing the ID of the script. |
7 | 939 |
148 | 940 Note that functions are first loaded and later executed. When they are loaded |
941 the "file" breakpoints are checked, when they are executed the "func" | |
942 breakpoints. | |
943 | |
7 | 944 |
945 DELETING BREAKPOINTS | |
946 *:breakd* *:breakdel* *E161* | |
947 :breakd[el] {nr} | |
948 Delete breakpoint {nr}. Use |:breaklist| to see the number of | |
949 each breakpoint. | |
950 | |
359 | 951 :breakd[el] * |
952 Delete all breakpoints. | |
953 | |
7 | 954 :breakd[el] func [lnum] {name} |
955 Delete a breakpoint in a function. | |
956 | |
957 :breakd[el] file [lnum] {name} | |
958 Delete a breakpoint in a sourced file. | |
959 | |
10 | 960 :breakd[el] here |
961 Delete a breakpoint at the current line of the current file. | |
962 | |
7 | 963 When [lnum] is omitted, the first breakpoint in the function or file is |
964 deleted. | |
965 The {name} must be exactly the same as what was typed for the ":breakadd" | |
966 command. "explorer", "*explorer.vim" and "*explorer*" are different. | |
967 | |
968 | |
969 LISTING BREAKPOINTS | |
970 *:breakl* *:breaklist* | |
971 :breakl[ist] | |
972 List all breakpoints. | |
973 | |
974 | |
975 OBSCURE | |
976 | |
977 *:debugg* *:debuggreedy* | |
978 :debugg[reedy] | |
979 Read debug mode commands from the normal input stream, instead | |
980 of getting them directly from the user. Only useful for test | |
981 scripts. Example: > | |
982 echo 'q^Mq' | vim -e -s -c debuggreedy -c 'breakadd file script.vim' -S script.vim | |
983 | |
984 :0debugg[reedy] | |
985 Undo ":debuggreedy": get debug mode commands directly from the | |
986 user, don't use typeahead for debug commands. | |
987 | |
170 | 988 ============================================================================== |
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989 8. Profiling *profile* *profiling* |
170 | 990 |
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991 Profiling means that Vim measures the time that is spent on executing |
170 | 992 functions and/or scripts. The |+profile| feature is required for this. |
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993 It is included when Vim was compiled with "huge" features. |
170 | 994 |
794 | 995 You can also use the |reltime()| function to measure time. This only requires |
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996 the |+reltime| feature, which is present in more builds. |
794 | 997 |
5244 | 998 For profiling syntax highlighting see |:syntime|. |
999 | |
5763 | 1000 For example, to profile the one_script.vim script file: > |
1001 :profile start /tmp/one_script_profile | |
1002 :profile file one_script.vim | |
1003 :source one_script.vim | |
1004 :exit | |
1005 | |
5244 | 1006 |
170 | 1007 :prof[ile] start {fname} *:prof* *:profile* *E750* |
1008 Start profiling, write the output in {fname} upon exit. | |
6757 | 1009 "~/" and environment variables in {fname} will be expanded. |
790 | 1010 If {fname} already exists it will be silently overwritten. |
170 | 1011 The variable |v:profiling| is set to one. |
1012 | |
790 | 1013 :prof[ile] pause |
1014 Don't profile until the following ":profile continue". Can be | |
1015 used when doing something that should not be counted (e.g., an | |
1016 external command). Does not nest. | |
1017 | |
1018 :prof[ile] continue | |
1019 Continue profiling after ":profile pause". | |
1020 | |
170 | 1021 :prof[ile] func {pattern} |
1022 Profile function that matches the pattern {pattern}. | |
1023 See |:debug-name| for how {pattern} is used. | |
1024 | |
1025 :prof[ile][!] file {pattern} | |
1026 Profile script file that matches the pattern {pattern}. | |
1027 See |:debug-name| for how {pattern} is used. | |
1028 This only profiles the script itself, not the functions | |
1029 defined in it. | |
1030 When the [!] is added then all functions defined in the script | |
5763 | 1031 will also be profiled. |
1032 Note that profiling only starts when the script is loaded | |
1033 after this command. A :profile command in the script itself | |
1034 won't work. | |
170 | 1035 |
1036 | |
364 | 1037 :profd[el] ... *:profd* *:profdel* |
1038 Stop profiling for the arguments specified. See |:breakdel| | |
1039 for the arguments. | |
1040 | |
1041 | |
170 | 1042 You must always start with a ":profile start fname" command. The resulting |
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1043 file is written when Vim exits. For example, to profile one specific |
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1044 function: > |
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1045 profile start /tmp/vimprofile |
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1046 profile func MyFunc |
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1047 |
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1048 Here is an example of the output, with line |
170 | 1049 numbers prepended for the explanation: |
1050 | |
1051 1 FUNCTION Test2() ~ | |
1052 2 Called 1 time ~ | |
1053 3 Total time: 0.155251 ~ | |
1054 4 Self time: 0.002006 ~ | |
1055 5 ~ | |
1056 6 count total (s) self (s) ~ | |
856 | 1057 7 9 0.000096 for i in range(8) ~ |
1058 8 8 0.153655 0.000410 call Test3() ~ | |
1059 9 8 0.000070 endfor ~ | |
1060 10 " Ask a question ~ | |
1061 11 1 0.001341 echo input("give me an answer: ") ~ | |
170 | 1062 |
1063 The header (lines 1-4) gives the time for the whole function. The "Total" | |
1064 time is the time passed while the function was executing. The "Self" time is | |
1065 the "Total" time reduced by time spent in: | |
1066 - other user defined functions | |
1067 - sourced scripts | |
1068 - executed autocommands | |
1069 - external (shell) commands | |
1070 | |
1071 Lines 7-11 show the time spent in each executed line. Lines that are not | |
1072 executed do not count. Thus a comment line is never counted. | |
1073 | |
1074 The Count column shows how many times a line was executed. Note that the | |
1075 "for" command in line 7 is executed one more time as the following lines. | |
1076 That is because the line is also executed to detect the end of the loop. | |
1077 | |
1078 The time Vim spends waiting for user input isn't counted at all. Thus how | |
1079 long you take to respond to the input() prompt is irrelevant. | |
1080 | |
1081 Profiling should give a good indication of where time is spent, but keep in | |
1082 mind there are various things that may clobber the results: | |
1083 | |
1084 - The accuracy of the time measured depends on the gettimeofday() system | |
1085 function. It may only be as accurate as 1/100 second, even though the times | |
1086 are displayed in micro seconds. | |
1087 | |
1088 - Real elapsed time is measured, if other processes are busy they may cause | |
1089 delays at unpredictable moments. You may want to run the profiling several | |
1090 times and use the lowest results. | |
1091 | |
1092 - If you have several commands in one line you only get one time. Split the | |
1093 line to see the time for the individual commands. | |
1094 | |
1095 - The time of the lines added up is mostly less than the time of the whole | |
1096 function. There is some overhead in between. | |
1097 | |
1098 - Functions that are deleted before Vim exits will not produce profiling | |
1099 information. You can check the |v:profiling| variable if needed: > | |
856 | 1100 :if !v:profiling |
170 | 1101 : delfunc MyFunc |
1102 :endif | |
1103 < | |
177 | 1104 - Profiling may give weird results on multi-processor systems, when sleep |
1105 mode kicks in or the processor frequency is reduced to save power. | |
170 | 1106 |
1125 | 1107 - The "self" time is wrong when a function is used recursively. |
1108 | |
1109 | |
14421 | 1110 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |