Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/repeat.txt @ 8376:e448f2a5d45b v7.4.1480
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/91715873d19a1859c08eeded7848113596e2f2bd
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Thu Mar 3 17:13:03 2016 +0100
patch 7.4.1480
Problem: Cannot add a pack direcory without loading a plugin.
Solution: Add the :packadd command.
| author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 03 Mar 2016 17:15:05 +0100 |
| parents | 88207f4b861a |
| children | f5972de59001 |
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1 *repeat.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2016 Feb 26 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 Repeating commands, Vim scripts and debugging *repeating* | |
| 8 | |
| 9 Chapter 26 of the user manual introduces repeating |usr_26.txt|. | |
| 10 | |
| 11 1. Single repeats |single-repeat| | |
| 12 2. Multiple repeats |multi-repeat| | |
| 13 3. Complex repeats |complex-repeat| | |
| 14 4. Using Vim scripts |using-scripts| | |
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15 5. Using Vim packages |packages| |
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16 6. Debugging scripts |debug-scripts| |
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17 7. Profiling |profiling| |
| 7 | 18 |
| 19 ============================================================================== | |
| 20 1. Single repeats *single-repeat* | |
| 21 | |
| 22 *.* | |
| 23 . Repeat last change, with count replaced with [count]. | |
| 24 Also repeat a yank command, when the 'y' flag is | |
| 22 | 25 included in 'cpoptions'. Does not repeat a |
| 26 command-line command. | |
| 7 | 27 |
| 28 Simple changes can be repeated with the "." command. Without a count, the | |
| 29 count of the last change is used. If you enter a count, it will replace the | |
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30 last one. |v:count| and |v:count1| will be set. |
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31 |
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32 If the last change included a specification of a numbered register, the |
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33 register number will be incremented. See |redo-register| for an example how |
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34 to use this. |
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35 |
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36 Note that when repeating a command that used a Visual selection, the same SIZE |
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37 of area is used, see |visual-repeat|. |
| 7 | 38 |
| 39 *@:* | |
| 40 @: Repeat last command-line [count] times. | |
| 41 {not available when compiled without the | |
| 42 |+cmdline_hist| feature} | |
| 43 | |
| 44 | |
| 45 ============================================================================== | |
| 46 2. Multiple repeats *multi-repeat* | |
| 47 | |
| 48 *:g* *:global* *E147* *E148* | |
| 49 :[range]g[lobal]/{pattern}/[cmd] | |
| 50 Execute the Ex command [cmd] (default ":p") on the | |
| 51 lines within [range] where {pattern} matches. | |
| 52 | |
| 53 :[range]g[lobal]!/{pattern}/[cmd] | |
| 54 Execute the Ex command [cmd] (default ":p") on the | |
| 55 lines within [range] where {pattern} does NOT match. | |
| 56 | |
| 57 *:v* *:vglobal* | |
| 58 :[range]v[global]/{pattern}/[cmd] | |
| 59 Same as :g!. | |
| 60 | |
| 1125 | 61 Instead of the '/' which surrounds the {pattern}, you can use any other |
| 5239 | 62 single byte character, but not an alphabetic character, '\', '"' or '|'. |
| 1125 | 63 This is useful if you want to include a '/' in the search pattern or |
| 64 replacement string. | |
| 65 | |
| 66 For the definition of a pattern, see |pattern|. | |
| 67 | |
| 6336 | 68 NOTE [cmd] may contain a range; see |collapse| and |edit-paragraph-join| for |
| 69 examples. | |
| 70 | |
| 7 | 71 The global commands work by first scanning through the [range] lines and |
| 72 marking each line where a match occurs (for a multi-line pattern, only the | |
| 73 start of the match matters). | |
| 74 In a second scan the [cmd] is executed for each marked line with its line | |
| 75 number prepended. For ":v" and ":g!" the command is executed for each not | |
| 76 marked line. If a line is deleted its mark disappears. | |
| 77 The default for [range] is the whole buffer (1,$). Use "CTRL-C" to interrupt | |
| 78 the command. If an error message is given for a line, the command for that | |
| 79 line is aborted and the global command continues with the next marked or | |
| 80 unmarked line. | |
| 81 | |
| 82 To repeat a non-Ex command, you can use the ":normal" command: > | |
| 83 :g/pat/normal {commands} | |
| 84 Make sure that {commands} ends with a whole command, otherwise Vim will wait | |
| 85 for you to type the rest of the command for each match. The screen will not | |
| 86 have been updated, so you don't know what you are doing. See |:normal|. | |
| 87 | |
| 88 The undo/redo command will undo/redo the whole global command at once. | |
| 89 The previous context mark will only be set once (with "''" you go back to | |
| 90 where the cursor was before the global command). | |
| 91 | |
| 92 The global command sets both the last used search pattern and the last used | |
| 93 substitute pattern (this is vi compatible). This makes it easy to globally | |
| 94 replace a string: | |
| 95 :g/pat/s//PAT/g | |
| 96 This replaces all occurrences of "pat" with "PAT". The same can be done with: | |
| 97 :%s/pat/PAT/g | |
| 98 Which is two characters shorter! | |
| 99 | |
| 1623 | 100 When using "global" in Ex mode, a special case is using ":visual" as a |
| 101 command. This will move to a matching line, go to Normal mode to let you | |
| 102 execute commands there until you use |Q| to return to Ex mode. This will be | |
| 103 repeated for each matching line. While doing this you cannot use ":global". | |
| 104 To abort this type CTRL-C twice. | |
| 168 | 105 |
| 7 | 106 ============================================================================== |
| 107 3. Complex repeats *complex-repeat* | |
| 108 | |
| 109 *q* *recording* | |
| 110 q{0-9a-zA-Z"} Record typed characters into register {0-9a-zA-Z"} | |
| 111 (uppercase to append). The 'q' command is disabled | |
| 112 while executing a register, and it doesn't work inside | |
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113 a mapping and |:normal|. |
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114 |
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115 Note: If the register being used for recording is also |
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116 used for |y| and |p| the result is most likely not |
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117 what is expected, because the put will paste the |
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118 recorded macro and the yank will overwrite the |
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119 recorded macro. {Vi: no recording} |
| 7 | 120 |
| 121 q Stops recording. (Implementation note: The 'q' that | |
| 122 stops recording is not stored in the register, unless | |
| 123 it was the result of a mapping) {Vi: no recording} | |
| 124 | |
| 125 *@* | |
| 3445 | 126 @{0-9a-z".=*+} Execute the contents of register {0-9a-z".=*+} [count] |
| 7 | 127 times. Note that register '%' (name of the current |
| 128 file) and '#' (name of the alternate file) cannot be | |
| 2681 | 129 used. |
| 130 The register is executed like a mapping, that means | |
| 131 that the difference between 'wildchar' and 'wildcharm' | |
| 132 applies. | |
| 133 For "@=" you are prompted to enter an expression. The | |
| 134 result of the expression is then executed. | |
| 135 See also |@:|. {Vi: only named registers} | |
| 7 | 136 |
| 168 | 137 *@@* *E748* |
| 7 | 138 @@ Repeat the previous @{0-9a-z":*} [count] times. |
| 139 | |
| 3445 | 140 :[addr]*{0-9a-z".=+} *:@* *:star* |
| 141 :[addr]@{0-9a-z".=*+} Execute the contents of register {0-9a-z".=*+} as an Ex | |
| 7 | 142 command. First set cursor at line [addr] (default is |
| 143 current line). When the last line in the register does | |
| 144 not have a <CR> it will be added automatically when | |
| 145 the 'e' flag is present in 'cpoptions'. | |
| 146 Note that the ":*" command is only recognized when the | |
| 147 '*' flag is present in 'cpoptions'. This is NOT the | |
| 148 default when 'nocompatible' is used. | |
| 149 For ":@=" the last used expression is used. The | |
| 150 result of evaluating the expression is executed as an | |
| 151 Ex command. | |
| 152 Mappings are not recognized in these commands. | |
| 153 {Vi: only in some versions} Future: Will execute the | |
| 154 register for each line in the address range. | |
| 155 | |
| 156 *:@:* | |
| 157 :[addr]@: Repeat last command-line. First set cursor at line | |
| 158 [addr] (default is current line). {not in Vi} | |
| 159 | |
| 160 *:@@* | |
| 161 :[addr]@@ Repeat the previous :@{0-9a-z"}. First set cursor at | |
| 162 line [addr] (default is current line). {Vi: only in | |
| 163 some versions} | |
| 164 | |
| 165 ============================================================================== | |
| 166 4. Using Vim scripts *using-scripts* | |
| 167 | |
| 168 For writing a Vim script, see chapter 41 of the user manual |usr_41.txt|. | |
| 169 | |
| 170 *:so* *:source* *load-vim-script* | |
| 171 :so[urce] {file} Read Ex commands from {file}. These are commands that | |
| 172 start with a ":". | |
| 716 | 173 Triggers the |SourcePre| autocommand. |
| 7 | 174 |
| 175 :so[urce]! {file} Read Vim commands from {file}. These are commands | |
| 176 that are executed from Normal mode, like you type | |
| 177 them. | |
| 178 When used after |:global|, |:argdo|, |:windo|, | |
| 179 |:bufdo|, in a loop or when another command follows | |
| 180 the display won't be updated while executing the | |
| 181 commands. | |
| 182 {not in Vi} | |
| 183 | |
| 184 *:ru* *:runtime* | |
| 185 :ru[ntime][!] {file} .. | |
| 186 Read Ex commands from {file} in each directory given | |
| 187 by 'runtimepath'. There is no error for non-existing | |
| 188 files. Example: > | |
| 189 :runtime syntax/c.vim | |
| 190 | |
| 191 < There can be multiple {file} arguments, separated by | |
| 192 spaces. Each {file} is searched for in the first | |
| 193 directory from 'runtimepath', then in the second | |
| 194 directory, etc. Use a backslash to include a space | |
| 195 inside {file} (although it's better not to use spaces | |
| 196 in file names, it causes trouble). | |
| 197 | |
| 198 When [!] is included, all found files are sourced. | |
| 199 When it is not included only the first found file is | |
| 200 sourced. | |
| 201 | |
| 202 When {file} contains wildcards it is expanded to all | |
| 203 matching files. Example: > | |
| 204 :runtime! plugin/*.vim | |
| 205 < This is what Vim uses to load the plugin files when | |
| 237 | 206 starting up. This similar command: > |
| 7 | 207 :runtime plugin/*.vim |
| 208 < would source the first file only. | |
| 209 | |
| 210 When 'verbose' is one or higher, there is a message | |
| 211 when no file could be found. | |
| 212 When 'verbose' is two or higher, there is a message | |
| 213 about each searched file. | |
| 214 {not in Vi} | |
| 215 | |
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216 *:loadp* *:loadplugin* |
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217 :loadp[lugin] {name} Search for an optional plugin directory and source the |
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218 plugin files found. It is similar to: > |
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219 :runtime pack/*/opt/{name}/plugin/*.vim |
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220 < However, `:loadplugin` uses 'packpath' instead of |
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221 'runtimepath'. And the directory found is added to |
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222 'runtimepath'. |
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223 |
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224 If you have a directory under 'packpath' that doesn't |
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225 actually have a plugin file, just create an empty one. |
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226 This will still add the directory to 'runtimepath'. |
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227 |
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228 Note that {name} is the directory name, not the name |
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229 of the .vim file. If the "{name}/plugin" directory |
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230 contains more than one file they are all sourced. |
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231 |
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232 Also see |load-plugin|. |
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233 |
| 7 | 234 :scripte[ncoding] [encoding] *:scripte* *:scriptencoding* *E167* |
| 235 Specify the character encoding used in the script. | |
| 236 The following lines will be converted from [encoding] | |
| 237 to the value of the 'encoding' option, if they are | |
| 238 different. Examples: > | |
| 239 scriptencoding iso-8859-5 | |
| 240 scriptencoding cp932 | |
| 241 < | |
| 242 When [encoding] is empty, no conversion is done. This | |
| 243 can be used to restrict conversion to a sequence of | |
| 244 lines: > | |
| 245 scriptencoding euc-jp | |
| 246 ... lines to be converted ... | |
| 247 scriptencoding | |
| 248 ... not converted ... | |
| 249 | |
| 250 < When conversion isn't supported by the system, there | |
| 251 is no error message and no conversion is done. | |
| 252 | |
| 253 Don't use "ucs-2" or "ucs-4", scripts cannot be in | |
| 254 these encodings (they would contain NUL bytes). | |
| 255 When a sourced script starts with a BOM (Byte Order | |
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256 Mark) in utf-8 format Vim will recognize it, no need |
| 7 | 257 to use ":scriptencoding utf-8" then. |
| 258 | |
| 259 When compiled without the |+multi_byte| feature this | |
| 260 command is ignored. | |
| 261 {not in Vi} | |
| 262 | |
| 6476 | 263 *:scr* *:scriptnames* |
| 264 :scr[iptnames] List all sourced script names, in the order they were | |
| 7 | 265 first sourced. The number is used for the script ID |
| 266 |<SID>|. | |
| 267 {not in Vi} {not available when compiled without the | |
| 268 |+eval| feature} | |
| 269 | |
| 270 *:fini* *:finish* *E168* | |
| 271 :fini[sh] Stop sourcing a script. Can only be used in a Vim | |
| 272 script file. This is a quick way to skip the rest of | |
| 273 the file. If it is used after a |:try| but before the | |
| 274 matching |:finally| (if present), the commands | |
| 275 following the ":finally" up to the matching |:endtry| | |
| 276 are executed first. This process applies to all | |
| 277 nested ":try"s in the script. The outermost ":endtry" | |
| 278 then stops sourcing the script. {not in Vi} | |
| 279 | |
| 280 All commands and command sequences can be repeated by putting them in a named | |
| 281 register and then executing it. There are two ways to get the commands in the | |
| 282 register: | |
| 283 - Use the record command "q". You type the commands once, and while they are | |
| 284 being executed they are stored in a register. Easy, because you can see | |
| 285 what you are doing. If you make a mistake, "p"ut the register into the | |
| 286 file, edit the command sequence, and then delete it into the register | |
| 287 again. You can continue recording by appending to the register (use an | |
| 288 uppercase letter). | |
| 289 - Delete or yank the command sequence into the register. | |
| 290 | |
| 291 Often used command sequences can be put under a function key with the ':map' | |
| 292 command. | |
| 293 | |
| 294 An alternative is to put the commands in a file, and execute them with the | |
| 295 ':source!' command. Useful for long command sequences. Can be combined with | |
| 296 the ':map' command to put complicated commands under a function key. | |
| 297 | |
| 298 The ':source' command reads Ex commands from a file line by line. You will | |
| 299 have to type any needed keyboard input. The ':source!' command reads from a | |
| 300 script file character by character, interpreting each character as if you | |
| 301 typed it. | |
| 302 | |
| 303 Example: When you give the ":!ls" command you get the |hit-enter| prompt. If | |
| 304 you ':source' a file with the line "!ls" in it, you will have to type the | |
| 305 <Enter> yourself. But if you ':source!' a file with the line ":!ls" in it, | |
| 306 the next characters from that file are read until a <CR> is found. You will | |
| 307 not have to type <CR> yourself, unless ":!ls" was the last line in the file. | |
| 308 | |
| 309 It is possible to put ':source[!]' commands in the script file, so you can | |
| 310 make a top-down hierarchy of script files. The ':source' command can be | |
| 311 nested as deep as the number of files that can be opened at one time (about | |
| 312 15). The ':source!' command can be nested up to 15 levels deep. | |
| 313 | |
| 314 You can use the "<sfile>" string (literally, this is not a special key) inside | |
| 315 of the sourced file, in places where a file name is expected. It will be | |
| 316 replaced by the file name of the sourced file. For example, if you have a | |
| 317 "other.vimrc" file in the same directory as your ".vimrc" file, you can source | |
| 318 it from your ".vimrc" file with this command: > | |
| 319 :source <sfile>:h/other.vimrc | |
| 320 | |
| 321 In script files terminal-dependent key codes are represented by | |
| 322 terminal-independent two character codes. This means that they can be used | |
| 323 in the same way on different kinds of terminals. The first character of a | |
| 324 key code is 0x80 or 128, shown on the screen as "~@". The second one can be | |
| 325 found in the list |key-notation|. Any of these codes can also be entered | |
| 326 with CTRL-V followed by the three digit decimal code. This does NOT work for | |
| 327 the <t_xx> termcap codes, these can only be used in mappings. | |
| 328 | |
| 329 *:source_crnl* *W15* | |
| 330 MS-DOS, Win32 and OS/2: Files that are read with ":source" normally have | |
| 331 <CR><NL> <EOL>s. These always work. If you are using a file with <NL> <EOL>s | |
| 332 (for example, a file made on Unix), this will be recognized if 'fileformats' | |
| 333 is not empty and the first line does not end in a <CR>. This fails if the | |
| 334 first line has something like ":map <F1> :help^M", where "^M" is a <CR>. If | |
| 335 the first line ends in a <CR>, but following ones don't, you will get an error | |
| 336 message, because the <CR> from the first lines will be lost. | |
| 337 | |
| 333 | 338 Mac Classic: Files that are read with ":source" normally have <CR> <EOL>s. |
| 7 | 339 These always work. If you are using a file with <NL> <EOL>s (for example, a |
| 340 file made on Unix), this will be recognized if 'fileformats' is not empty and | |
| 341 the first line does not end in a <CR>. Be careful not to use a file with <NL> | |
| 342 linebreaks which has a <CR> in first line. | |
| 343 | |
| 344 On other systems, Vim expects ":source"ed files to end in a <NL>. These | |
| 345 always work. If you are using a file with <CR><NL> <EOL>s (for example, a | |
| 346 file made on MS-DOS), all lines will have a trailing <CR>. This may cause | |
| 347 problems for some commands (e.g., mappings). There is no automatic <EOL> | |
| 348 detection, because it's common to start with a line that defines a mapping | |
| 349 that ends in a <CR>, which will confuse the automaton. | |
| 350 | |
| 351 *line-continuation* | |
| 352 Long lines in a ":source"d Ex command script file can be split by inserting | |
| 353 a line continuation symbol "\" (backslash) at the start of the next line. | |
| 354 There can be white space before the backslash, which is ignored. | |
| 355 | |
| 356 Example: the lines > | |
| 357 :set comments=sr:/*,mb:*,el:*/, | |
| 358 \://, | |
| 359 \b:#, | |
| 360 \:%, | |
| 361 \n:>, | |
| 362 \fb:- | |
| 363 are interpreted as if they were given in one line: | |
| 364 :set comments=sr:/*,mb:*,el:*/,://,b:#,:%,n:>,fb:- | |
| 365 | |
| 366 All leading whitespace characters in the line before a backslash are ignored. | |
| 367 Note however that trailing whitespace in the line before it cannot be | |
| 368 inserted freely; it depends on the position where a command is split up | |
| 369 whether additional whitespace is allowed or not. | |
| 370 | |
|
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371 When a space is required it's best to put it right after the backslash. A |
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372 space at the end of a line is hard to see and may be accidentally deleted. > |
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373 :syn match Comment |
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374 \ "very long regexp" |
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375 \ keepend |
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376 |
| 7 | 377 There is a problem with the ":append" and ":insert" commands: > |
| 378 :1append | |
| 379 \asdf | |
| 380 . | |
| 381 The backslash is seen as a line-continuation symbol, thus this results in the | |
| 382 command: > | |
| 383 :1appendasdf | |
| 384 . | |
| 385 To avoid this, add the 'C' flag to the 'cpoptions' option: > | |
| 386 :set cpo+=C | |
| 387 :1append | |
| 388 \asdf | |
| 389 . | |
| 390 :set cpo-=C | |
| 391 | |
| 392 Note that when the commands are inside a function, you need to add the 'C' | |
| 393 flag when defining the function, it is not relevant when executing it. > | |
| 394 :set cpo+=C | |
| 395 :function Foo() | |
| 396 :1append | |
| 397 \asdf | |
| 398 . | |
| 399 :endfunction | |
| 400 :set cpo-=C | |
| 401 | |
| 402 Rationale: | |
| 403 Most programs work with a trailing backslash to indicate line | |
| 404 continuation. Using this in Vim would cause incompatibility with Vi. | |
| 405 For example for this Vi mapping: > | |
| 406 :map xx asdf\ | |
| 407 < Therefore the unusual leading backslash is used. | |
| 408 | |
| 409 ============================================================================== | |
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410 5. Using Vim packages *packages* |
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411 |
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412 A Vim package is a directory that contains one or more plugins. The |
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413 advantages over normal plugins: |
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414 - A package can be downloaded as an archive and unpacked in its own directory. |
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415 That makes it easy to updated and/or remove. |
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416 - A package can be a git, mercurial, etc. repository. That makes it really |
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417 easy to update. |
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418 - A package can contain multiple plugins that depend on each other. |
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419 - A package can contain plugins that are automatically loaded on startup and |
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420 ones that are only loaded when needed with `:loadplugin`. |
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421 |
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422 Let's assume your Vim files are in the "~/.vim" directory and you want to add a |
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423 package from a zip archive "/tmp/mypack.zip": |
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424 % mkdir -p ~/.vim/pack/my |
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425 % cd ~/.vim/pack/my |
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426 % unzip /tmp/mypack.zip |
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427 |
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428 The directory name "my" is arbitrary, you can pick anything you like. |
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429 |
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430 You would now have these files under ~/.vim: |
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431 pack/my/README.txt |
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432 pack/my/ever/always/plugin/always.vim |
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433 pack/my/ever/always/syntax/always.vim |
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434 pack/my/opt/mydebug/plugin/debugger.vim |
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435 |
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436 When Vim starts up it scans all directories in 'packpath' for plugins under the |
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437 "ever" directory and loads them. When found that directory is added to |
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438 'runtimepath'. |
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439 |
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440 In the example Vim will find "my/ever/always/plugin/always.vim" and adds |
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441 "~/.vim/pack/my/ever/always" to 'runtimepath'. |
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442 |
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443 If the "always" plugin kicks in and sets the 'filetype' to "always", Vim will |
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444 find the syntax/always.vim file, because its directory is in 'runtimepath'. |
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445 |
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446 Vim will also load ftdetect files, like with |:loadplugin|. |
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447 |
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448 *load-plugin* |
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449 To load an optional plugin from a pack use the `:loadplugin` command: > |
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450 :loadplugin mydebug |
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451 This could be done inside always.vim, if some conditions are met. |
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452 Or you could add this command to your |.vimrc|. |
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453 |
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454 It is perfectly normal for a package to only have files in the "opt" |
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455 directory. You then need to load each plugin when you want to use it. |
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456 |
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457 Loading packages will not happen if loading plugins is disabled, see |
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458 |load-plugins|. |
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459 |
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460 ============================================================================== |
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461 6. Debugging scripts *debug-scripts* |
| 7 | 462 |
| 463 Besides the obvious messages that you can add to your scripts to find out what | |
| 464 they are doing, Vim offers a debug mode. This allows you to step through a | |
| 465 sourced file or user function and set breakpoints. | |
| 466 | |
| 467 NOTE: The debugging mode is far from perfect. Debugging will have side | |
| 468 effects on how Vim works. You cannot use it to debug everything. For | |
| 469 example, the display is messed up by the debugging messages. | |
| 470 {Vi does not have a debug mode} | |
| 471 | |
| 472 An alternative to debug mode is setting the 'verbose' option. With a bigger | |
| 473 number it will give more verbose messages about what Vim is doing. | |
| 474 | |
| 475 | |
| 476 STARTING DEBUG MODE *debug-mode* | |
| 477 | |
| 478 To enter debugging mode use one of these methods: | |
| 479 1. Start Vim with the |-D| argument: > | |
| 480 vim -D file.txt | |
| 481 < Debugging will start as soon as the first vimrc file is sourced. This is | |
| 482 useful to find out what is happening when Vim is starting up. A side | |
| 483 effect is that Vim will switch the terminal mode before initialisations | |
| 484 have finished, with unpredictable results. | |
| 485 For a GUI-only version (Windows, Macintosh) the debugging will start as | |
| 486 soon as the GUI window has been opened. To make this happen early, add a | |
| 487 ":gui" command in the vimrc file. | |
| 488 *:debug* | |
| 489 2. Run a command with ":debug" prepended. Debugging will only be done while | |
| 490 this command executes. Useful for debugging a specific script or user | |
| 491 function. And for scripts and functions used by autocommands. Example: > | |
| 492 :debug edit test.txt.gz | |
| 493 | |
| 494 3. Set a breakpoint in a sourced file or user function. You could do this in | |
| 495 the command line: > | |
| 496 vim -c "breakadd file */explorer.vim" . | |
| 497 < This will run Vim and stop in the first line of the "explorer.vim" script. | |
| 498 Breakpoints can also be set while in debugging mode. | |
| 499 | |
| 500 In debugging mode every executed command is displayed before it is executed. | |
| 501 Comment lines, empty lines and lines that are not executed are skipped. When | |
| 502 a line contains two commands, separated by "|", each command will be displayed | |
| 503 separately. | |
| 504 | |
| 505 | |
| 506 DEBUG MODE | |
| 507 | |
| 508 Once in debugging mode, the usual Ex commands can be used. For example, to | |
| 509 inspect the value of a variable: > | |
| 510 echo idx | |
| 511 When inside a user function, this will print the value of the local variable | |
| 512 "idx". Prepend "g:" to get the value of a global variable: > | |
| 513 echo g:idx | |
| 514 All commands are executed in the context of the current function or script. | |
| 515 You can also set options, for example setting or resetting 'verbose' will show | |
| 516 what happens, but you might want to set it just before executing the lines you | |
| 517 are interested in: > | |
| 518 :set verbose=20 | |
| 519 | |
| 520 Commands that require updating the screen should be avoided, because their | |
| 521 effect won't be noticed until after leaving debug mode. For example: > | |
| 522 :help | |
| 523 won't be very helpful. | |
| 524 | |
| 525 There is a separate command-line history for debug mode. | |
| 526 | |
| 527 The line number for a function line is relative to the start of the function. | |
| 528 If you have trouble figuring out where you are, edit the file that defines | |
| 529 the function in another Vim, search for the start of the function and do | |
| 530 "99j". Replace "99" with the line number. | |
| 531 | |
| 532 Additionally, these commands can be used: | |
| 533 *>cont* | |
| 534 cont Continue execution until the next breakpoint is hit. | |
| 535 *>quit* | |
| 536 quit Abort execution. This is like using CTRL-C, some | |
| 537 things might still be executed, doesn't abort | |
| 538 everything. Still stops at the next breakpoint. | |
| 539 *>next* | |
| 540 next Execute the command and come back to debug mode when | |
| 541 it's finished. This steps over user function calls | |
| 542 and sourced files. | |
| 543 *>step* | |
| 544 step Execute the command and come back to debug mode for | |
| 545 the next command. This steps into called user | |
| 546 functions and sourced files. | |
| 547 *>interrupt* | |
| 548 interrupt This is like using CTRL-C, but unlike ">quit" comes | |
| 549 back to debug mode for the next command that is | |
| 550 executed. Useful for testing |:finally| and |:catch| | |
| 551 on interrupt exceptions. | |
| 552 *>finish* | |
| 553 finish Finish the current script or user function and come | |
| 554 back to debug mode for the command after the one that | |
| 555 sourced or called it. | |
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556 *>bt* |
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557 *>backtrace* |
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558 *>where* |
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559 backtrace Show the call stacktrace for current debugging session. |
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560 bt |
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561 where |
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562 *>frame* |
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563 frame N Goes to N backtrace level. + and - signs make movement |
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564 relative. E.g., ":frame +3" goes three frames up. |
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565 *>up* |
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566 up Goes one level up from call stacktrace. |
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567 *>down* |
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568 down Goes one level down from call stacktrace. |
| 7 | 569 |
| 570 About the additional commands in debug mode: | |
| 571 - There is no command-line completion for them, you get the completion for the | |
| 572 normal Ex commands only. | |
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573 - You can shorten them, up to a single character, unless more than one command |
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574 starts with the same letter. "f" stands for "finish", use "fr" for "frame". |
| 7 | 575 - Hitting <CR> will repeat the previous one. When doing another command, this |
| 576 is reset (because it's not clear what you want to repeat). | |
| 577 - When you want to use the Ex command with the same name, prepend a colon: | |
| 578 ":cont", ":next", ":finish" (or shorter). | |
| 579 | |
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580 The backtrace shows the hierarchy of function calls, e.g.: |
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581 >bt ~ |
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582 3 function One[3] ~ |
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583 2 Two[3] ~ |
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584 ->1 Three[3] ~ |
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585 0 Four ~ |
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586 line 1: let four = 4 ~ |
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587 |
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588 The "->" points to the current frame. Use "up", "down" and "frame N" to |
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589 select another frame. |
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590 |
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591 In the current frame you can evaluate the local function variables. There is |
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592 no way to see the command at the current line yet. |
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593 |
| 7 | 594 |
| 595 DEFINING BREAKPOINTS | |
| 596 *:breaka* *:breakadd* | |
| 597 :breaka[dd] func [lnum] {name} | |
| 598 Set a breakpoint in a function. Example: > | |
| 599 :breakadd func Explore | |
| 600 < Doesn't check for a valid function name, thus the breakpoint | |
| 601 can be set before the function is defined. | |
| 602 | |
| 603 :breaka[dd] file [lnum] {name} | |
| 604 Set a breakpoint in a sourced file. Example: > | |
| 605 :breakadd file 43 .vimrc | |
| 606 | |
| 10 | 607 :breaka[dd] here |
| 608 Set a breakpoint in the current line of the current file. | |
| 609 Like doing: > | |
| 610 :breakadd file <cursor-line> <current-file> | |
| 611 < Note that this only works for commands that are executed when | |
| 612 sourcing the file, not for a function defined in that file. | |
| 613 | |
| 7 | 614 The [lnum] is the line number of the breakpoint. Vim will stop at or after |
| 615 this line. When omitted line 1 is used. | |
| 616 | |
| 170 | 617 *:debug-name* |
| 7 | 618 {name} is a pattern that is matched with the file or function name. The |
| 619 pattern is like what is used for autocommands. There must be a full match (as | |
| 620 if the pattern starts with "^" and ends in "$"). A "*" matches any sequence | |
| 621 of characters. 'ignorecase' is not used, but "\c" can be used in the pattern | |
| 622 to ignore case |/\c|. Don't include the () for the function name! | |
| 623 | |
| 11 | 624 The match for sourced scripts is done against the full file name. If no path |
| 625 is specified the current directory is used. Examples: > | |
| 626 breakadd file explorer.vim | |
| 627 matches "explorer.vim" in the current directory. > | |
| 7 | 628 breakadd file *explorer.vim |
| 11 | 629 matches ".../plugin/explorer.vim", ".../plugin/iexplorer.vim", etc. > |
| 7 | 630 breakadd file */explorer.vim |
| 11 | 631 matches ".../plugin/explorer.vim" and "explorer.vim" in any other directory. |
| 7 | 632 |
| 633 The match for functions is done against the name as it's shown in the output | |
| 634 of ":function". For local functions this means that something like "<SNR>99_" | |
| 635 is prepended. | |
| 636 | |
| 148 | 637 Note that functions are first loaded and later executed. When they are loaded |
| 638 the "file" breakpoints are checked, when they are executed the "func" | |
| 639 breakpoints. | |
| 640 | |
| 7 | 641 |
| 642 DELETING BREAKPOINTS | |
| 643 *:breakd* *:breakdel* *E161* | |
| 644 :breakd[el] {nr} | |
| 645 Delete breakpoint {nr}. Use |:breaklist| to see the number of | |
| 646 each breakpoint. | |
| 647 | |
| 359 | 648 :breakd[el] * |
| 649 Delete all breakpoints. | |
| 650 | |
| 7 | 651 :breakd[el] func [lnum] {name} |
| 652 Delete a breakpoint in a function. | |
| 653 | |
| 654 :breakd[el] file [lnum] {name} | |
| 655 Delete a breakpoint in a sourced file. | |
| 656 | |
| 10 | 657 :breakd[el] here |
| 658 Delete a breakpoint at the current line of the current file. | |
| 659 | |
| 7 | 660 When [lnum] is omitted, the first breakpoint in the function or file is |
| 661 deleted. | |
| 662 The {name} must be exactly the same as what was typed for the ":breakadd" | |
| 663 command. "explorer", "*explorer.vim" and "*explorer*" are different. | |
| 664 | |
| 665 | |
| 666 LISTING BREAKPOINTS | |
| 667 *:breakl* *:breaklist* | |
| 668 :breakl[ist] | |
| 669 List all breakpoints. | |
| 670 | |
| 671 | |
| 672 OBSCURE | |
| 673 | |
| 674 *:debugg* *:debuggreedy* | |
| 675 :debugg[reedy] | |
| 676 Read debug mode commands from the normal input stream, instead | |
| 677 of getting them directly from the user. Only useful for test | |
| 678 scripts. Example: > | |
| 679 echo 'q^Mq' | vim -e -s -c debuggreedy -c 'breakadd file script.vim' -S script.vim | |
| 680 | |
| 681 :0debugg[reedy] | |
| 682 Undo ":debuggreedy": get debug mode commands directly from the | |
| 683 user, don't use typeahead for debug commands. | |
| 684 | |
| 170 | 685 ============================================================================== |
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686 7. Profiling *profile* *profiling* |
| 170 | 687 |
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688 Profiling means that Vim measures the time that is spent on executing |
| 170 | 689 functions and/or scripts. The |+profile| feature is required for this. |
| 690 It is only included when Vim was compiled with "huge" features. | |
| 691 {Vi does not have profiling} | |
| 692 | |
| 794 | 693 You can also use the |reltime()| function to measure time. This only requires |
| 694 the |+reltime| feature, which is present more often. | |
| 695 | |
| 5244 | 696 For profiling syntax highlighting see |:syntime|. |
| 697 | |
| 5763 | 698 For example, to profile the one_script.vim script file: > |
| 699 :profile start /tmp/one_script_profile | |
| 700 :profile file one_script.vim | |
| 701 :source one_script.vim | |
| 702 :exit | |
| 703 | |
| 5244 | 704 |
| 170 | 705 :prof[ile] start {fname} *:prof* *:profile* *E750* |
| 706 Start profiling, write the output in {fname} upon exit. | |
| 6757 | 707 "~/" and environment variables in {fname} will be expanded. |
| 790 | 708 If {fname} already exists it will be silently overwritten. |
| 170 | 709 The variable |v:profiling| is set to one. |
| 710 | |
| 790 | 711 :prof[ile] pause |
| 712 Don't profile until the following ":profile continue". Can be | |
| 713 used when doing something that should not be counted (e.g., an | |
| 714 external command). Does not nest. | |
| 715 | |
| 716 :prof[ile] continue | |
| 717 Continue profiling after ":profile pause". | |
| 718 | |
| 170 | 719 :prof[ile] func {pattern} |
| 720 Profile function that matches the pattern {pattern}. | |
| 721 See |:debug-name| for how {pattern} is used. | |
| 722 | |
| 723 :prof[ile][!] file {pattern} | |
| 724 Profile script file that matches the pattern {pattern}. | |
| 725 See |:debug-name| for how {pattern} is used. | |
| 726 This only profiles the script itself, not the functions | |
| 727 defined in it. | |
| 728 When the [!] is added then all functions defined in the script | |
| 5763 | 729 will also be profiled. |
| 730 Note that profiling only starts when the script is loaded | |
| 731 after this command. A :profile command in the script itself | |
| 732 won't work. | |
| 170 | 733 |
| 734 | |
| 364 | 735 :profd[el] ... *:profd* *:profdel* |
| 736 Stop profiling for the arguments specified. See |:breakdel| | |
| 737 for the arguments. | |
| 738 | |
| 739 | |
| 170 | 740 You must always start with a ":profile start fname" command. The resulting |
| 741 file is written when Vim exits. Here is an example of the output, with line | |
| 742 numbers prepended for the explanation: | |
| 743 | |
| 744 1 FUNCTION Test2() ~ | |
| 745 2 Called 1 time ~ | |
| 746 3 Total time: 0.155251 ~ | |
| 747 4 Self time: 0.002006 ~ | |
| 748 5 ~ | |
| 749 6 count total (s) self (s) ~ | |
| 856 | 750 7 9 0.000096 for i in range(8) ~ |
| 751 8 8 0.153655 0.000410 call Test3() ~ | |
| 752 9 8 0.000070 endfor ~ | |
| 753 10 " Ask a question ~ | |
| 754 11 1 0.001341 echo input("give me an answer: ") ~ | |
| 170 | 755 |
| 756 The header (lines 1-4) gives the time for the whole function. The "Total" | |
| 757 time is the time passed while the function was executing. The "Self" time is | |
| 758 the "Total" time reduced by time spent in: | |
| 759 - other user defined functions | |
| 760 - sourced scripts | |
| 761 - executed autocommands | |
| 762 - external (shell) commands | |
| 763 | |
| 764 Lines 7-11 show the time spent in each executed line. Lines that are not | |
| 765 executed do not count. Thus a comment line is never counted. | |
| 766 | |
| 767 The Count column shows how many times a line was executed. Note that the | |
| 768 "for" command in line 7 is executed one more time as the following lines. | |
| 769 That is because the line is also executed to detect the end of the loop. | |
| 770 | |
| 771 The time Vim spends waiting for user input isn't counted at all. Thus how | |
| 772 long you take to respond to the input() prompt is irrelevant. | |
| 773 | |
| 774 Profiling should give a good indication of where time is spent, but keep in | |
| 775 mind there are various things that may clobber the results: | |
| 776 | |
| 777 - The accuracy of the time measured depends on the gettimeofday() system | |
| 778 function. It may only be as accurate as 1/100 second, even though the times | |
| 779 are displayed in micro seconds. | |
| 780 | |
| 781 - Real elapsed time is measured, if other processes are busy they may cause | |
| 782 delays at unpredictable moments. You may want to run the profiling several | |
| 783 times and use the lowest results. | |
| 784 | |
| 785 - If you have several commands in one line you only get one time. Split the | |
| 786 line to see the time for the individual commands. | |
| 787 | |
| 788 - The time of the lines added up is mostly less than the time of the whole | |
| 789 function. There is some overhead in between. | |
| 790 | |
| 791 - Functions that are deleted before Vim exits will not produce profiling | |
| 792 information. You can check the |v:profiling| variable if needed: > | |
| 856 | 793 :if !v:profiling |
| 170 | 794 : delfunc MyFunc |
| 795 :endif | |
| 796 < | |
| 177 | 797 - Profiling may give weird results on multi-processor systems, when sleep |
| 798 mode kicks in or the processor frequency is reduced to save power. | |
| 170 | 799 |
| 1125 | 800 - The "self" time is wrong when a function is used recursively. |
| 801 | |
| 802 | |
| 7 | 803 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |