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annotate runtime/doc/usr_41.txt @ 29087:f3ec3c57e070
Update runtime files.
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/016188fd8a30cfbaca3faa0daea9a47138dc5c4b
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Mon Jun 6 20:52:59 2022 +0100
Update runtime files.
| author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Mon, 06 Jun 2022 23:30:03 +0200 |
| parents | f8e9d5023bf6 |
| children | c58baa6d6dda |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 29087 | 1 *usr_41.txt* For Vim version 8.2. Last change: 2022 Jun 04 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 4 | |
| 5 Write a Vim script | |
| 6 | |
| 7 | |
| 8 The Vim script language is used for the startup vimrc file, syntax files, and | |
| 9 many other things. This chapter explains the items that can be used in a Vim | |
| 29066 | 10 script. There are a lot of them, therefore this is a long chapter. |
| 7 | 11 |
| 12 |41.1| Introduction | |
| 13 |41.2| Variables | |
| 14 |41.3| Expressions | |
| 15 |41.4| Conditionals | |
| 16 |41.5| Executing an expression | |
| 17 |41.6| Using functions | |
| 18 |41.7| Defining a function | |
| 161 | 19 |41.8| Lists and Dictionaries |
| 20 |41.9| Exceptions | |
| 21 |41.10| Various remarks | |
| 7 | 22 |
| 23 Next chapter: |usr_42.txt| Add new menus | |
| 24 Previous chapter: |usr_40.txt| Make new commands | |
| 25 Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt| | |
| 26 | |
| 27 ============================================================================== | |
| 129 | 28 *41.1* Introduction *vim-script-intro* *script* |
| 7 | 29 |
| 30 Your first experience with Vim scripts is the vimrc file. Vim reads it when | |
| 29066 | 31 it starts up and executes the commands. You can set options to the values you |
| 32 prefer, define mappings, select plugins and much more. You can use any colon | |
| 33 command in it (commands that start with a ":"; these are sometimes referred to | |
| 34 as Ex commands or command-line commands). | |
| 26847 | 35 |
| 36 Syntax files are also Vim scripts. As are files that set options for a | |
| 7 | 37 specific file type. A complicated macro can be defined by a separate Vim |
| 38 script file. You can think of other uses yourself. | |
| 39 | |
| 26847 | 40 Vim script comes in two flavors: legacy and |Vim9|. Since this help file is |
| 41 for new users, we'll teach you the newer and more convenient |Vim9| syntax. | |
| 29066 | 42 While legacy script is particularly for Vim, |Vim9| script looks more like |
| 43 other languages, such as JavaScript and TypeScript. | |
| 26847 | 44 |
| 45 To try out Vim script the best way is to edit a script file and source it. | |
| 46 Basically: > | |
| 47 :edit test.vim | |
| 48 [insert the script lines you want] | |
| 49 :w | |
| 50 :source % | |
| 51 | |
| 7 | 52 Let's start with a simple example: > |
| 53 | |
| 26847 | 54 vim9script |
| 55 var i = 1 | |
| 56 while i < 5 | |
| 57 echo "count is" i | |
| 58 i += 1 | |
| 59 endwhile | |
| 7 | 60 < |
| 161 | 61 The output of the example code is: |
| 62 | |
| 63 count is 1 ~ | |
| 64 count is 2 ~ | |
| 65 count is 3 ~ | |
| 66 count is 4 ~ | |
| 67 | |
| 26847 | 68 In the first line the `vim9script` command makes clear this is a new, |Vim9| |
| 29087 | 69 script file. That matters for how the rest of the file is used. It is |
| 70 recommended to put it in the very fist line, before any comments. | |
| 29066 | 71 *vim9-declarations* |
| 26847 | 72 The `var i = 1` command declares the "i" variable and initializes it. The |
| 161 | 73 generic form is: > |
| 7 | 74 |
| 26847 | 75 var {name} = {expression} |
| 7 | 76 |
| 77 In this case the variable name is "i" and the expression is a simple value, | |
| 78 the number one. | |
| 26847 | 79 |
| 80 The `while` command starts a loop. The generic form is: > | |
| 81 | |
| 82 while {condition} | |
| 83 {statements} | |
| 84 endwhile | |
| 85 | |
| 86 The statements until the matching `endwhile` are executed for as long as the | |
| 7 | 87 condition is true. The condition used here is the expression "i < 5". This |
| 88 is true when the variable i is smaller than five. | |
| 89 Note: | |
| 90 If you happen to write a while loop that keeps on running, you can | |
| 91 interrupt it by pressing CTRL-C (CTRL-Break on MS-Windows). | |
| 161 | 92 |
| 26847 | 93 The `echo` command prints its arguments. In this case the string "count is" |
| 161 | 94 and the value of the variable i. Since i is one, this will print: |
| 95 | |
| 96 count is 1 ~ | |
| 97 | |
| 26847 | 98 Then there is the `i += 1` command. This does the same thing as "i = i + 1", |
| 99 it adds one to the variable i and assigns the new value to the same variable. | |
| 161 | 100 |
| 101 The example was given to explain the commands, but would you really want to | |
| 11062 | 102 make such a loop, it can be written much more compact: > |
| 112 | 103 |
| 26847 | 104 for i in range(1, 4) |
| 29066 | 105 echo $"count is {i}" |
| 26847 | 106 endfor |
| 107 | |
| 29066 | 108 We won't explain how `for`, `range()`and `$"string"` work until later. Follow |
| 109 the links if you are impatient. | |
| 110 | |
| 111 | |
| 112 TRYING OUT EXAMPLES | |
| 113 | |
| 114 You can easily try out most examples in these help files without saving the | |
| 115 commands in a file. For example, to try out the "for" loop above do this: | |
| 116 1. position the cursor on the "for" | |
| 117 2. start Visual mode with "v" | |
| 118 3. move down to the "endfor" | |
| 119 4. press colon, then "so" and Enter | |
| 120 | |
| 121 After pressing colon you will see ":'<,'>", which is the range of the Visually | |
| 122 selected text. | |
| 123 | |
| 124 For some commands it matters they are executed as in |Vim9| script. But typed | |
| 125 commands normally use legacy script syntax, such as the example below that | |
| 126 causes the E1004 error. For that use this fourth step: | |
| 127 4. press colon, then "vim9 so" and Enter | |
| 128 | |
| 129 "vim9" is short for `vim9cmd`, which is a command modifier to execute the | |
| 130 following command in |Vim9| syntax. | |
| 131 | |
| 132 Note that this won't work for examples that require a script context. | |
| 112 | 133 |
| 7 | 134 |
| 16871 | 135 FOUR KINDS OF NUMBERS |
| 136 | |
| 29066 | 137 Numbers can be decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary. |
| 24520 | 138 |
| 139 A hexadecimal number starts with "0x" or "0X". For example "0x1f" is decimal | |
| 29066 | 140 31 and 0x1234 is decimal 4660. |
| 24520 | 141 |
| 26847 | 142 An octal number starts with "0o", "0O". "0o17" is decimal 15. |
| 24520 | 143 |
| 144 A binary number starts with "0b" or "0B". For example "0b101" is decimal 5. | |
| 145 | |
| 26847 | 146 A decimal number is just digits. Careful: In legacy script don't put a zero |
| 29066 | 147 before a decimal number, it will be interpreted as an octal number! That's |
| 148 one reason to use |Vim9| script. | |
| 26847 | 149 |
| 29066 | 150 The `echo` command evaluates its argument and when it is a number always |
| 151 prints the decimal form. Example: > | |
| 26847 | 152 |
| 153 echo 0x7f 0o36 | |
| 7 | 154 < 127 30 ~ |
| 155 | |
| 16871 | 156 A number is made negative with a minus sign. This also works for hexadecimal, |
| 26847 | 157 octal and binary numbers: > |
| 158 | |
| 159 echo -0x7f | |
| 160 < -127 ~ | |
| 161 | |
| 162 A minus sign is also used for subtraction. This can sometimes lead to | |
| 163 confusion. If we put a minus sign before both numbers we get an error: > | |
| 164 | |
| 165 echo -0x7f -0o36 | |
| 166 < E1004: White space required before and after '-' at "-0o36" ~ | |
| 167 | |
| 168 Note: if you are not using a |Vim9| script to try out these commands but type | |
| 169 them directly, they will be executed as legacy script. Then the echo command | |
| 170 sees the second minus sign as subtraction. To get the error, prefix the | |
| 171 command with `vim9cmd`: > | |
| 172 | |
| 173 vim9cmd echo -0x7f -0o36 | |
| 174 < E1004: White space required before and after '-' at "-0o36" ~ | |
| 175 | |
| 176 White space in an expression is often required to make sure it is easy to read | |
| 177 and avoid errors. Such as thinking that the "-0o36" above makes the number | |
| 178 negative, while it is actually seen as a subtraction. | |
| 179 | |
| 180 To actually have the minus sign be used for negation, you can put the second | |
| 27804 | 181 expression in parentheses: > |
| 26847 | 182 |
| 183 echo -0x7f (-0o36) | |
| 29066 | 184 < -127 -30 ~ |
| 7 | 185 |
| 186 ============================================================================== | |
| 187 *41.2* Variables | |
| 188 | |
| 189 A variable name consists of ASCII letters, digits and the underscore. It | |
| 190 cannot start with a digit. Valid variable names are: | |
| 191 | |
| 192 counter | |
| 193 _aap3 | |
| 194 very_long_variable_name_with_underscores | |
| 29066 | 195 CamelCaseName |
| 7 | 196 LENGTH |
| 197 | |
| 198 Invalid names are "foo+bar" and "6var". | |
| 26847 | 199 |
| 200 Some variables are global. To see a list of currently defined global | |
| 201 variables type this command: > | |
| 7 | 202 |
| 203 :let | |
| 204 | |
| 29066 | 205 You can use global variables everywhere. However, it is too easy to use the |
| 206 same name in two unrelated scripts. Therefore variables declared in a script | |
| 207 are local to that script. For example, if you have this in "script1.vim": > | |
| 26847 | 208 |
| 209 vim9script | |
| 210 var counter = 5 | |
| 211 echo counter | |
| 212 < 5 ~ | |
| 213 | |
| 214 And you try to use the variable in "script2.vim": > | |
| 215 | |
| 216 vim9script | |
| 217 echo counter | |
| 218 < E121: Undefined variable: counter ~ | |
| 219 | |
| 220 Using a script-local variable means you can be sure that it is only changed in | |
| 221 that script and not elsewhere. | |
| 222 | |
| 223 If you do want to share variables between scripts, use the "g:" prefix and | |
| 29066 | 224 assign the value directly, do not use `var`. And use a specific name to avoid |
| 225 mistakes. Thus in "script1.vim": > | |
| 26847 | 226 |
| 227 vim9script | |
| 29066 | 228 g:mash_counter = 5 |
| 229 echo g:mash_counter | |
| 26847 | 230 < 5 ~ |
| 231 | |
| 232 And then in "script2.vim": > | |
| 233 | |
| 234 vim9script | |
| 29066 | 235 echo g:mash_counter |
| 26847 | 236 < 5 ~ |
| 237 | |
| 29066 | 238 Global variables can also be accessed on the command line, E.g. typing this: > |
| 239 echo g:mash_counter | |
| 240 That will not work for a script-local variable. | |
| 241 | |
| 26847 | 242 More about script-local variables here: |script-variable|. |
| 7 | 243 |
| 244 There are more kinds of variables, see |internal-variables|. The most often | |
| 245 used ones are: | |
| 246 | |
| 247 b:name variable local to a buffer | |
| 248 w:name variable local to a window | |
| 249 g:name global variable (also in a function) | |
| 250 v:name variable predefined by Vim | |
| 251 | |
| 252 | |
| 253 DELETING VARIABLES | |
| 254 | |
| 26847 | 255 Variables take up memory and show up in the output of the `let` command. To |
| 256 delete a global variable use the `unlet` command. Example: > | |
| 257 | |
| 258 unlet g:counter | |
| 259 | |
| 260 This deletes the global variable "g:counter" to free up the memory it uses. | |
| 261 If you are not sure if the variable exists, and don't want an error message | |
| 262 when it doesn't, append !: > | |
| 263 | |
| 264 unlet! g:counter | |
| 265 | |
| 29066 | 266 You cannot `unlet` script-local variables in |Vim9| script, only in legacy |
| 26847 | 267 script. |
| 268 | |
| 269 When a script finishes, the local variables declared there will not be | |
| 270 deleted. Functions defined in the script can use them. Example: | |
| 271 > | |
| 272 vim9script | |
| 273 var counter = 0 | |
| 274 def g:GetCount(): number | |
| 275 s:counter += 1 | |
| 276 return s:counter | |
| 277 enddef | |
| 278 | |
| 279 Every time you call the function it will return the next count: > | |
| 280 :echo g:GetCount() | |
| 281 < 1 ~ | |
| 282 > | |
| 283 :echo g:GetCount() | |
| 284 < 2 ~ | |
| 285 | |
| 29066 | 286 If you are worried a script-local variable is consuming too much memory, set |
| 287 it to an empty or null value after you no longer need it. Example: > | |
| 288 var lines = readfile(...) | |
| 289 ... | |
| 290 lines = [] | |
| 26847 | 291 |
| 29066 | 292 Note: below we'll leave out the `vim9script` line from examples, so we can |
| 293 concentrate on the relevant commands, but you'll still need to put it at the | |
| 294 top of your script file. | |
| 7 | 295 |
| 296 | |
| 297 STRING VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS | |
| 298 | |
| 299 So far only numbers were used for the variable value. Strings can be used as | |
| 161 | 300 well. Numbers and strings are the basic types of variables that Vim supports. |
| 26847 | 301 Example: > |
| 302 | |
| 303 var name = "Peter" | |
| 304 echo name | |
| 27036 | 305 < Peter ~ |
| 7 | 306 |
| 26847 | 307 Every variable has a type. Very often, as in this example, the type is |
| 308 defined by assigning a value. This is called type inference. If you do not | |
| 309 want to give the variable a value yet, you need to specify the type: > | |
| 310 | |
| 311 var name: string | |
| 312 var age: number | |
| 29066 | 313 if male |
| 314 name = "Peter" | |
| 315 age = 42 | |
| 316 else | |
| 317 name = "Elisa" | |
| 318 age = 45 | |
| 319 endif | |
| 26847 | 320 |
| 321 If you make a mistake and try to assign the wrong type of value you'll get an | |
| 322 error: > | |
| 323 | |
| 324 age = "Peter" | |
| 325 < E1012: Type mismatch; expected number but got string ~ | |
| 326 | |
| 327 More about types in |41.8|. | |
| 328 | |
| 29066 | 329 To assign a string value to a variable, you can use a string constant. There |
| 330 are two types of these. First the string in double quotes, as we used | |
| 26847 | 331 already. If you want to include a double quote inside the string, put a |
| 332 backslash in front of it: > | |
| 333 | |
| 334 var name = "he is \"Peter\"" | |
| 335 echo name | |
| 336 < he is "Peter" ~ | |
| 7 | 337 |
| 29066 | 338 To avoid the need for backslashes, you can use a string in single quotes: > |
| 7 | 339 |
| 26847 | 340 var name = 'he is "Peter"' |
| 341 echo name | |
| 342 < he is "Peter" ~ | |
| 7 | 343 |
| 161 | 344 Inside a single-quote string all the characters are as they are. Only the |
| 345 single quote itself is special: you need to use two to get one. A backslash | |
| 346 is taken literally, thus you can't use it to change the meaning of the | |
| 26847 | 347 character after it: > |
| 348 | |
| 349 var name = 'P\e''ter''' | |
| 350 echo name | |
| 351 < P\e'ter' ~ | |
| 352 | |
| 353 In double-quote strings it is possible to use special characters. Here are a | |
| 354 few useful ones: | |
| 7 | 355 |
| 356 \t <Tab> | |
| 357 \n <NL>, line break | |
| 358 \r <CR>, <Enter> | |
| 359 \e <Esc> | |
| 360 \b <BS>, backspace | |
| 361 \" " | |
| 362 \\ \, backslash | |
| 363 \<Esc> <Esc> | |
| 364 \<C-W> CTRL-W | |
| 365 | |
| 366 The last two are just examples. The "\<name>" form can be used to include | |
| 367 the special key "name". | |
| 26847 | 368 |
| 369 See |expr-quote| for the full list of special items in a string. | |
| 7 | 370 |
| 371 ============================================================================== | |
| 372 *41.3* Expressions | |
| 373 | |
| 26847 | 374 Vim has a fairly standard way to handle expressions. You can read the |
| 7 | 375 definition here: |expression-syntax|. Here we will show the most common |
| 376 items. | |
| 26847 | 377 |
| 378 The numbers, strings and variables mentioned above are expressions by | |
| 7 | 379 themselves. Thus everywhere an expression is expected, you can use a number, |
| 380 string or variable. Other basic items in an expression are: | |
| 381 | |
| 382 $NAME environment variable | |
| 29066 | 383 &name option value |
| 384 @r register contents | |
| 7 | 385 |
| 386 Examples: > | |
| 387 | |
| 26847 | 388 echo "The value of 'tabstop' is" &ts |
| 389 echo "Your home directory is" $HOME | |
| 390 if @a == 'text' | |
| 391 | |
| 392 The &name form can also be used to set an option value, do something and | |
| 393 restore the old value. Example: > | |
| 394 | |
| 395 var save_ic = &ic | |
| 396 set noic | |
| 397 s/The Start/The Beginning/ | |
| 398 &ic = save_ic | |
| 7 | 399 |
| 400 This makes sure the "The Start" pattern is used with the 'ignorecase' option | |
| 161 | 401 off. Still, it keeps the value that the user had set. (Another way to do |
| 402 this would be to add "\C" to the pattern, see |/\C|.) | |
| 7 | 403 |
| 404 | |
| 405 MATHEMATICS | |
| 406 | |
| 407 It becomes more interesting if we combine these basic items. Let's start with | |
| 408 mathematics on numbers: | |
| 409 | |
| 410 a + b add | |
| 411 a - b subtract | |
| 412 a * b multiply | |
| 413 a / b divide | |
| 414 a % b modulo | |
| 415 | |
| 416 The usual precedence is used. Example: > | |
| 417 | |
| 26847 | 418 echo 10 + 5 * 2 |
| 7 | 419 < 20 ~ |
| 420 | |
| 2709 | 421 Grouping is done with parentheses. No surprises here. Example: > |
| 7 | 422 |
| 26847 | 423 echo (10 + 5) * 2 |
| 7 | 424 < 30 ~ |
| 425 | |
| 29066 | 426 |
| 427 OTHERS | |
| 428 | |
| 22171 | 429 Strings can be concatenated with ".." (see |expr6|). Example: > |
| 430 | |
| 29066 | 431 echo "Name: " .. name |
| 432 Name: Peter | |
| 7 | 433 |
| 26847 | 434 When the "echo" command gets multiple arguments, it separates them with a |
| 7 | 435 space. In the example the argument is a single expression, thus no space is |
| 436 inserted. | |
| 437 | |
| 29066 | 438 If you don't like the concatenation you can use the $"string" form, which |
| 439 accepts an expression in curly braces: > | |
| 440 echo $"Name: {name}" | |
| 441 | |
| 442 See |interp-string| for more information. | |
| 443 | |
| 26847 | 444 Borrowed from the C language is the conditional expression: > |
| 7 | 445 |
| 446 a ? b : c | |
| 447 | |
| 448 If "a" evaluates to true "b" is used, otherwise "c" is used. Example: > | |
| 449 | |
| 26847 | 450 var nr = 4 |
| 451 echo nr > 5 ? "nr is big" : "nr is small" | |
| 452 < nr is small ~ | |
| 7 | 453 |
| 454 The three parts of the constructs are always evaluated first, thus you could | |
| 26847 | 455 see it works as: > |
| 7 | 456 |
| 457 (a) ? (b) : (c) | |
| 458 | |
| 29066 | 459 There is also the falsy operator: > |
| 460 echo name ?? "No name given" | |
| 461 See |??|. | |
| 462 | |
| 7 | 463 ============================================================================== |
| 464 *41.4* Conditionals | |
| 465 | |
| 26847 | 466 The `if` commands executes the following statements, until the matching |
| 467 `endif`, only when a condition is met. The generic form is: | |
| 468 | |
| 469 if {condition} | |
| 7 | 470 {statements} |
| 26847 | 471 endif |
| 472 | |
| 473 Only when the expression {condition} evaluates to true or one will the | |
| 474 {statements} be executed. If they are not executed they must still be valid | |
| 475 commands. If they contain garbage, Vim won't be able to find the matching | |
| 476 `endif`. | |
| 477 | |
| 478 You can also use `else`. The generic form for this is: | |
| 479 | |
| 480 if {condition} | |
| 7 | 481 {statements} |
| 26847 | 482 else |
| 7 | 483 {statements} |
| 26847 | 484 endif |
| 485 | |
| 486 The second {statements} block is only executed if the first one isn't. | |
| 487 | |
| 488 Finally, there is `elseif` | |
| 489 | |
| 490 if {condition} | |
| 7 | 491 {statements} |
| 26847 | 492 elseif {condition} |
| 7 | 493 {statements} |
| 26847 | 494 endif |
| 495 | |
| 496 This works just like using `else` and then `if`, but without the need for an | |
| 497 extra `endif`. | |
| 498 | |
| 499 A useful example for your vimrc file is checking the 'term' option and doing | |
| 500 something depending upon its value: > | |
| 501 | |
| 502 if &term == "xterm" | |
| 503 # Do stuff for xterm | |
| 504 elseif &term == "vt100" | |
| 505 # Do stuff for a vt100 terminal | |
| 506 else | |
| 507 # Do something for other terminals | |
| 508 endif | |
| 509 | |
| 510 This uses "#" to start a comment, more about that later. | |
| 7 | 511 |
| 512 | |
| 513 LOGIC OPERATIONS | |
| 514 | |
| 515 We already used some of them in the examples. These are the most often used | |
| 516 ones: | |
| 517 | |
| 518 a == b equal to | |
| 519 a != b not equal to | |
| 520 a > b greater than | |
| 521 a >= b greater than or equal to | |
| 522 a < b less than | |
| 523 a <= b less than or equal to | |
| 524 | |
| 26847 | 525 The result is true if the condition is met and false otherwise. An example: > |
| 526 | |
| 29066 | 527 if v:version >= 800 |
| 26847 | 528 echo "congratulations" |
| 529 else | |
| 530 echo "you are using an old version, upgrade!" | |
| 531 endif | |
| 7 | 532 |
| 533 Here "v:version" is a variable defined by Vim, which has the value of the Vim | |
| 29066 | 534 version. 800 is for version 8.0, version 8.1 has the value 801. This is |
| 535 useful to write a script that works with multiple versions of Vim. | |
| 536 See |v:version|. You can also check for a specific feature with `has()` or a | |
| 537 specific patch, see |has-patch|. | |
| 7 | 538 |
| 539 The logic operators work both for numbers and strings. When comparing two | |
| 540 strings, the mathematical difference is used. This compares byte values, | |
| 541 which may not be right for some languages. | |
| 26847 | 542 |
| 543 If you try to compare a string with a number you will get an error. | |
| 544 | |
| 545 For strings there are two more useful items: | |
| 546 | |
| 547 str =~ pat matches with | |
| 548 str !~ pat does not match with | |
| 549 | |
| 550 The left item "str" is used as a string. The right item "pat" is used as a | |
| 7 | 551 pattern, like what's used for searching. Example: > |
| 552 | |
| 26847 | 553 if str =~ " " |
| 554 echo "str contains a space" | |
| 555 endif | |
| 556 if str !~ '\.$' | |
| 557 echo "str does not end in a full stop" | |
| 558 endif | |
| 7 | 559 |
| 560 Notice the use of a single-quote string for the pattern. This is useful, | |
| 29066 | 561 because patterns tend to contain many backslashes and backslashes need to be |
| 562 doubled in a double-quote string. | |
| 7 | 563 |
| 26847 | 564 The match is not anchored, if you want to match the whole string start with |
| 565 "^" and end with "$". | |
| 566 | |
| 567 The 'ignorecase' option is not used when comparing strings. When you do want | |
| 568 to ignore case append "?". Thus "==?" compares two strings to be equal while | |
| 569 ignoring case. For the full table see |expr-==|. | |
| 7 | 570 |
| 571 | |
| 572 MORE LOOPING | |
| 573 | |
| 26847 | 574 The `while` command was already mentioned. Two more statements can be used in |
| 575 between the `while` and the `endwhile`: | |
| 576 | |
| 577 continue Jump back to the start of the while loop; the | |
| 7 | 578 loop continues. |
| 26847 | 579 break Jump forward to the `endwhile`; the loop is |
| 7 | 580 discontinued. |
| 581 | |
| 582 Example: > | |
| 583 | |
| 27036 | 584 var counter = 1 |
| 26847 | 585 while counter < 40 |
| 27036 | 586 if skip_number(counter) |
| 26847 | 587 continue |
| 588 endif | |
| 27036 | 589 if last_number(counter) |
| 26847 | 590 break |
| 591 endif | |
| 592 sleep 50m | |
| 27036 | 593 ++counter |
| 26847 | 594 endwhile |
| 595 | |
| 596 The `sleep` command makes Vim take a nap. The "50m" specifies fifty | |
| 597 milliseconds. Another example is `sleep 4`, which sleeps for four seconds. | |
| 598 | |
| 29066 | 599 `continue` and `break` can also be used in between `for` and `endfor`. |
| 26847 | 600 Even more looping can be done with the `for` command, see below in |41.8|. |
| 161 | 601 |
| 7 | 602 ============================================================================== |
| 603 *41.5* Executing an expression | |
| 604 | |
| 605 So far the commands in the script were executed by Vim directly. The | |
| 26847 | 606 `execute` command allows executing the result of an expression. This is a |
| 7 | 607 very powerful way to build commands and execute them. |
| 26847 | 608 |
| 609 An example is to jump to a tag, which is contained in a variable: > | |
| 610 | |
| 611 execute "tag " .. tag_name | |
| 22171 | 612 |
| 613 The ".." is used to concatenate the string "tag " with the value of variable | |
| 7 | 614 "tag_name". Suppose "tag_name" has the value "get_cmd", then the command that |
| 615 will be executed is: > | |
| 616 | |
| 26847 | 617 tag get_cmd |
| 618 | |
| 619 The `execute` command can only execute Ex commands. The `normal` command | |
| 7 | 620 executes Normal mode commands. However, its argument is not an expression but |
| 621 the literal command characters. Example: > | |
| 622 | |
| 26847 | 623 normal gg=G |
| 624 | |
| 625 This jumps to the first line with "gg" and formats all lines with the "=" | |
| 626 operator and the "G" movement. | |
| 627 | |
| 628 To make `normal` work with an expression, combine `execute` with it. | |
| 7 | 629 Example: > |
| 630 | |
| 26847 | 631 execute "normal " .. count .. "j" |
| 632 | |
| 633 This will move the cursor "count" lines down. | |
| 634 | |
| 635 Make sure that the argument for `normal` is a complete command. Otherwise | |
| 29066 | 636 Vim will run into the end of the argument and silently abort the command. For |
| 637 example, if you start the delete operator, you must give the movement command | |
| 638 also. This works: > | |
| 26847 | 639 |
| 640 normal d$ | |
| 641 | |
| 642 This does nothing: > | |
| 643 | |
| 644 normal d | |
| 645 | |
| 646 If you start Insert mode and do not end it with Esc, it will end anyway. This | |
| 647 works to insert "new text": > | |
| 648 | |
| 649 execute "normal inew text" | |
| 650 | |
| 651 If you want to do something after inserting text you do need to end Insert | |
| 652 mode: > | |
| 653 | |
| 654 execute "normal inew text\<Esc>b" | |
| 655 | |
| 656 This inserts "new text" and puts the cursor on the first letter of "text". | |
| 657 Notice the use of the special key "\<Esc>". This avoids having to enter a | |
| 658 real <Esc> character in your script. That is where `execute` with a | |
| 659 double-quote string comes in handy. | |
| 7 | 660 |
| 29066 | 661 If you don't want to execute a string as a command but evaluate it to get the |
| 662 result of the expression, you can use the eval() function: > | |
| 161 | 663 |
| 26847 | 664 var optname = "path" |
| 665 var optvalue = eval('&' .. optname) | |
| 161 | 666 |
| 667 A "&" character is prepended to "path", thus the argument to eval() is | |
| 668 "&path". The result will then be the value of the 'path' option. | |
| 669 | |
| 7 | 670 ============================================================================== |
| 671 *41.6* Using functions | |
| 672 | |
| 673 Vim defines many functions and provides a large amount of functionality that | |
| 674 way. A few examples will be given in this section. You can find the whole | |
| 26847 | 675 list below: |function-list|. |
| 676 | |
| 29066 | 677 A function is called with the parameters in between parentheses, separated by |
| 678 commas. Example: > | |
| 7 | 679 |
| 29066 | 680 search("Date: ", "W") |
| 7 | 681 |
| 682 This calls the search() function, with arguments "Date: " and "W". The | |
| 683 search() function uses its first argument as a search pattern and the second | |
| 684 one as flags. The "W" flag means the search doesn't wrap around the end of | |
| 685 the file. | |
| 686 | |
| 29066 | 687 Using the `call` command is optional in |Vim9| script. This works the same |
| 688 way and also works in legacy script and on the command line: > | |
| 26847 | 689 |
| 29066 | 690 call search("Date: ", "W") |
| 26847 | 691 |
| 7 | 692 A function can be called in an expression. Example: > |
| 693 | |
| 26847 | 694 var line = getline(".") |
| 695 var repl = substitute(line, '\a', "*", "g") | |
| 696 setline(".", repl) | |
| 7 | 697 |
| 161 | 698 The getline() function obtains a line from the current buffer. Its argument |
| 699 is a specification of the line number. In this case "." is used, which means | |
| 700 the line where the cursor is. | |
| 26847 | 701 |
| 29066 | 702 The substitute() function does something similar to the `:substitute` command. |
| 703 The first argument "line" is the string on which to perform the substitution. | |
| 704 The second argument '\a' is the pattern, the third "*" is the replacement | |
| 705 string. Finally, the last argument "g" is the flags. | |
| 26847 | 706 |
| 707 The setline() function sets the line, specified by the first argument, to a | |
| 7 | 708 new string, the second argument. In this example the line under the cursor is |
| 709 replaced with the result of the substitute(). Thus the effect of the three | |
| 710 statements is equal to: > | |
| 711 | |
| 712 :substitute/\a/*/g | |
| 713 | |
| 714 Using the functions becomes more interesting when you do more work before and | |
| 715 after the substitute() call. | |
| 716 | |
| 717 | |
| 718 FUNCTIONS *function-list* | |
| 719 | |
| 720 There are many functions. We will mention them here, grouped by what they are | |
| 26847 | 721 used for. You can find an alphabetical list here: |builtin-function-list|. |
| 722 Use CTRL-] on the function name to jump to detailed help on it. | |
| 7 | 723 |
|
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724 String manipulation: *string-functions* |
|
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725 nr2char() get a character by its number value |
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726 list2str() get a character string from a list of numbers |
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727 char2nr() get number value of a character |
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|
728 str2list() get list of numbers from a string |
| 1620 | 729 str2nr() convert a string to a Number |
| 730 str2float() convert a string to a Float | |
| 824 | 731 printf() format a string according to % items |
| 7 | 732 escape() escape characters in a string with a '\' |
| 1620 | 733 shellescape() escape a string for use with a shell command |
| 734 fnameescape() escape a file name for use with a Vim command | |
| 824 | 735 tr() translate characters from one set to another |
| 7 | 736 strtrans() translate a string to make it printable |
| 737 tolower() turn a string to lowercase | |
| 738 toupper() turn a string to uppercase | |
|
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|
739 charclass() class of a character |
| 7 | 740 match() position where a pattern matches in a string |
| 741 matchend() position where a pattern match ends in a string | |
|
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742 matchfuzzy() fuzzy matches a string in a list of strings |
|
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743 matchfuzzypos() fuzzy matches a string in a list of strings |
| 7 | 744 matchstr() match of a pattern in a string |
|
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|
745 matchstrpos() match and positions of a pattern in a string |
| 824 | 746 matchlist() like matchstr() and also return submatches |
| 7 | 747 stridx() first index of a short string in a long string |
| 748 strridx() last index of a short string in a long string | |
| 5618 | 749 strlen() length of a string in bytes |
|
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750 strcharlen() length of a string in characters |
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751 strchars() number of characters in a string |
| 5618 | 752 strwidth() size of string when displayed |
| 753 strdisplaywidth() size of string when displayed, deals with tabs | |
|
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754 setcellwidths() set character cell width overrides |
| 7 | 755 substitute() substitute a pattern match with a string |
| 2908 | 756 submatch() get a specific match in ":s" and substitute() |
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|
757 strpart() get part of a string using byte index |
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758 strcharpart() get part of a string using char index |
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759 slice() take a slice of a string, using char index in |
|
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760 Vim9 script |
|
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|
761 strgetchar() get character from a string using char index |
| 7 | 762 expand() expand special keywords |
|
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|
763 expandcmd() expand a command like done for `:edit` |
| 7 | 764 iconv() convert text from one encoding to another |
| 824 | 765 byteidx() byte index of a character in a string |
| 5618 | 766 byteidxcomp() like byteidx() but count composing characters |
|
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|
767 charidx() character index of a byte in a string |
| 824 | 768 repeat() repeat a string multiple times |
| 769 eval() evaluate a string expression | |
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770 execute() execute an Ex command and get the output |
| 16871 | 771 win_execute() like execute() but in a specified window |
| 15068 | 772 trim() trim characters from a string |
|
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|
773 gettext() lookup message translation |
| 7 | 774 |
|
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|
775 List manipulation: *list-functions* |
| 112 | 776 get() get an item without error for wrong index |
| 777 len() number of items in a List | |
| 778 empty() check if List is empty | |
| 779 insert() insert an item somewhere in a List | |
| 780 add() append an item to a List | |
| 781 extend() append a List to a List | |
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782 extendnew() make a new List and append items |
| 112 | 783 remove() remove one or more items from a List |
| 784 copy() make a shallow copy of a List | |
| 785 deepcopy() make a full copy of a List | |
| 786 filter() remove selected items from a List | |
| 787 map() change each List item | |
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788 mapnew() make a new List with changed items |
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789 reduce() reduce a List to a value |
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790 slice() take a slice of a List |
| 112 | 791 sort() sort a List |
| 792 reverse() reverse the order of a List | |
| 5763 | 793 uniq() remove copies of repeated adjacent items |
| 112 | 794 split() split a String into a List |
| 795 join() join List items into a String | |
| 824 | 796 range() return a List with a sequence of numbers |
| 112 | 797 string() String representation of a List |
| 798 call() call a function with List as arguments | |
| 323 | 799 index() index of a value in a List |
| 112 | 800 max() maximum value in a List |
| 801 min() minimum value in a List | |
| 802 count() count number of times a value appears in a List | |
| 824 | 803 repeat() repeat a List multiple times |
|
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804 flatten() flatten a List |
|
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805 flattennew() flatten a copy of a List |
| 112 | 806 |
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807 Dictionary manipulation: *dict-functions* |
| 323 | 808 get() get an entry without an error for a wrong key |
| 112 | 809 len() number of entries in a Dictionary |
| 810 has_key() check whether a key appears in a Dictionary | |
| 811 empty() check if Dictionary is empty | |
| 812 remove() remove an entry from a Dictionary | |
| 813 extend() add entries from one Dictionary to another | |
|
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814 extendnew() make a new Dictionary and append items |
| 112 | 815 filter() remove selected entries from a Dictionary |
| 816 map() change each Dictionary entry | |
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817 mapnew() make a new Dictionary with changed items |
| 112 | 818 keys() get List of Dictionary keys |
| 819 values() get List of Dictionary values | |
| 820 items() get List of Dictionary key-value pairs | |
| 821 copy() make a shallow copy of a Dictionary | |
| 822 deepcopy() make a full copy of a Dictionary | |
| 823 string() String representation of a Dictionary | |
| 824 max() maximum value in a Dictionary | |
| 825 min() minimum value in a Dictionary | |
| 826 count() count number of times a value appears | |
| 827 | |
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|
828 Floating point computation: *float-functions* |
| 1620 | 829 float2nr() convert Float to Number |
| 830 abs() absolute value (also works for Number) | |
| 831 round() round off | |
| 832 ceil() round up | |
| 833 floor() round down | |
| 834 trunc() remove value after decimal point | |
| 5618 | 835 fmod() remainder of division |
| 836 exp() exponential | |
| 837 log() natural logarithm (logarithm to base e) | |
| 1620 | 838 log10() logarithm to base 10 |
| 839 pow() value of x to the exponent y | |
| 840 sqrt() square root | |
| 841 sin() sine | |
| 842 cos() cosine | |
| 2725 | 843 tan() tangent |
| 844 asin() arc sine | |
| 845 acos() arc cosine | |
| 1620 | 846 atan() arc tangent |
| 2725 | 847 atan2() arc tangent |
| 848 sinh() hyperbolic sine | |
| 849 cosh() hyperbolic cosine | |
| 850 tanh() hyperbolic tangent | |
|
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851 isinf() check for infinity |
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852 isnan() check for not a number |
| 1620 | 853 |
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854 Blob manipulation: *blob-functions* |
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855 blob2list() get a list of numbers from a blob |
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856 list2blob() get a blob from a list of numbers |
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857 |
| 3237 | 858 Other computation: *bitwise-function* |
| 859 and() bitwise AND | |
| 860 invert() bitwise invert | |
| 861 or() bitwise OR | |
| 862 xor() bitwise XOR | |
| 5618 | 863 sha256() SHA-256 hash |
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864 rand() get a pseudo-random number |
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865 srand() initialize seed used by rand() |
| 3237 | 866 |
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867 Variables: *var-functions* |
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868 type() type of a variable as a number |
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869 typename() type of a variable as text |
| 824 | 870 islocked() check if a variable is locked |
| 11062 | 871 funcref() get a Funcref for a function reference |
| 824 | 872 function() get a Funcref for a function name |
| 873 getbufvar() get a variable value from a specific buffer | |
| 874 setbufvar() set a variable in a specific buffer | |
| 831 | 875 getwinvar() get a variable from specific window |
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876 gettabvar() get a variable from specific tab page |
| 831 | 877 gettabwinvar() get a variable from specific window & tab page |
| 824 | 878 setwinvar() set a variable in a specific window |
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879 settabvar() set a variable in a specific tab page |
| 831 | 880 settabwinvar() set a variable in a specific window & tab page |
| 824 | 881 garbagecollect() possibly free memory |
| 882 | |
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883 Cursor and mark position: *cursor-functions* *mark-functions* |
| 7 | 884 col() column number of the cursor or a mark |
| 885 virtcol() screen column of the cursor or a mark | |
| 886 line() line number of the cursor or mark | |
| 887 wincol() window column number of the cursor | |
| 888 winline() window line number of the cursor | |
| 889 cursor() position the cursor at a line/column | |
| 5618 | 890 screencol() get screen column of the cursor |
| 891 screenrow() get screen row of the cursor | |
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892 screenpos() screen row and col of a text character |
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893 virtcol2col() byte index of a text character on screen |
| 5968 | 894 getcurpos() get position of the cursor |
| 824 | 895 getpos() get position of cursor, mark, etc. |
| 896 setpos() set position of cursor, mark, etc. | |
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897 getmarklist() list of global/local marks |
| 824 | 898 byte2line() get line number at a specific byte count |
| 899 line2byte() byte count at a specific line | |
| 900 diff_filler() get the number of filler lines above a line | |
| 5618 | 901 screenattr() get attribute at a screen line/row |
| 902 screenchar() get character code at a screen line/row | |
|
16133
eb087f8a26a8
patch 8.1.1071: cannot get composing characters from the screen
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
16127
diff
changeset
|
903 screenchars() get character codes at a screen line/row |
|
eb087f8a26a8
patch 8.1.1071: cannot get composing characters from the screen
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
16127
diff
changeset
|
904 screenstring() get string of characters at a screen line/row |
|
23563
87671ccc6c6b
patch 8.2.2324: not easy to get mark en cursor posotion by character count
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
905 charcol() character number of the cursor or a mark |
|
87671ccc6c6b
patch 8.2.2324: not easy to get mark en cursor posotion by character count
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
23380
diff
changeset
|
906 getcharpos() get character position of cursor, mark, etc. |
|
87671ccc6c6b
patch 8.2.2324: not easy to get mark en cursor posotion by character count
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
907 setcharpos() set character position of cursor, mark, etc. |
|
87671ccc6c6b
patch 8.2.2324: not easy to get mark en cursor posotion by character count
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
908 getcursorcharpos() get character position of the cursor |
|
87671ccc6c6b
patch 8.2.2324: not easy to get mark en cursor posotion by character count
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
909 setcursorcharpos() set character position of the cursor |
| 824 | 910 |
|
2301
6f63294a1781
Avoid use of the GTK mail_loop() so that the GtkFileChooser can be used.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2207
diff
changeset
|
911 Working with text in the current buffer: *text-functions* |
| 161 | 912 getline() get a line or list of lines from the buffer |
| 7 | 913 setline() replace a line in the buffer |
| 161 | 914 append() append line or list of lines in the buffer |
| 7 | 915 indent() indent of a specific line |
| 916 cindent() indent according to C indenting | |
| 917 lispindent() indent according to Lisp indenting | |
| 918 nextnonblank() find next non-blank line | |
| 919 prevnonblank() find previous non-blank line | |
| 920 search() find a match for a pattern | |
| 667 | 921 searchpos() find a match for a pattern |
|
20687
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patch 8.2.0897: list of functions in patched version is outdated
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
922 searchcount() get number of matches before/after the cursor |
| 7 | 923 searchpair() find the other end of a start/skip/end |
| 667 | 924 searchpairpos() find the other end of a start/skip/end |
| 824 | 925 searchdecl() search for the declaration of a name |
|
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9227
diff
changeset
|
926 getcharsearch() return character search information |
|
64035abb986b
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c95a302a4c42ec8230473cd4a5e0064d0a143aa8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
927 setcharsearch() set character search information |
| 7 | 928 |
|
17257
cb0ca75f0c26
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
929 Working with text in another buffer: |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
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diff
changeset
|
930 getbufline() get a list of lines from the specified buffer |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17020
diff
changeset
|
931 setbufline() replace a line in the specified buffer |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17020
diff
changeset
|
932 appendbufline() append a list of lines in the specified buffer |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
933 deletebufline() delete lines from a specified buffer |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17020
diff
changeset
|
934 |
|
2301
6f63294a1781
Avoid use of the GTK mail_loop() so that the GtkFileChooser can be used.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2207
diff
changeset
|
935 *system-functions* *file-functions* |
| 7 | 936 System functions and manipulation of files: |
| 937 glob() expand wildcards | |
| 938 globpath() expand wildcards in a number of directories | |
|
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9227
diff
changeset
|
939 glob2regpat() convert a glob pattern into a search pattern |
| 824 | 940 findfile() find a file in a list of directories |
| 941 finddir() find a directory in a list of directories | |
| 7 | 942 resolve() find out where a shortcut points to |
| 943 fnamemodify() modify a file name | |
| 824 | 944 pathshorten() shorten directory names in a path |
| 945 simplify() simplify a path without changing its meaning | |
| 7 | 946 executable() check if an executable program exists |
| 5814 | 947 exepath() full path of an executable program |
| 7 | 948 filereadable() check if a file can be read |
| 949 filewritable() check if a file can be written to | |
| 824 | 950 getfperm() get the permissions of a file |
|
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c95a302a4c42ec8230473cd4a5e0064d0a143aa8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9227
diff
changeset
|
951 setfperm() set the permissions of a file |
| 824 | 952 getftype() get the kind of a file |
|
28629
5ef46b938c6e
patch 8.2.4838: checking for absolute path is not trivial
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
28620
diff
changeset
|
953 isabsolutepath() check if a path is absolute |
| 7 | 954 isdirectory() check if a directory exists |
| 955 getfsize() get the size of a file | |
| 824 | 956 getcwd() get the current working directory |
|
16427
8c3a1bd270bb
patch 8.1.1218: cannot set a directory for a tab page
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
16267
diff
changeset
|
957 haslocaldir() check if current window used |:lcd| or |:tcd| |
| 7 | 958 tempname() get the name of a temporary file |
| 824 | 959 mkdir() create a new directory |
|
16576
bcc343175103
patch 8.1.1291: not easy to change directory and restore
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
16517
diff
changeset
|
960 chdir() change current working directory |
| 7 | 961 delete() delete a file |
| 962 rename() rename a file | |
| 5814 | 963 system() get the result of a shell command as a string |
| 964 systemlist() get the result of a shell command as a list | |
|
16604
1e0a5f09fdf1
patch 8.1.1305: there is no easy way to manipulate environment variables
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
16576
diff
changeset
|
965 environ() get all environment variables |
|
1e0a5f09fdf1
patch 8.1.1305: there is no easy way to manipulate environment variables
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
16576
diff
changeset
|
966 getenv() get one environment variable |
|
1e0a5f09fdf1
patch 8.1.1305: there is no easy way to manipulate environment variables
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
16576
diff
changeset
|
967 setenv() set an environment variable |
| 7 | 968 hostname() name of the system |
| 158 | 969 readfile() read a file into a List of lines |
|
23602
7b3317e959e3
patch 8.2.2343: Vim9: return type of readfile() is any
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
970 readblob() read a file into a Blob |
| 16267 | 971 readdir() get a List of file names in a directory |
|
20643
c2beb6baa42c
patch 8.2.0875: getting attributes for directory entries is slow
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
20615
diff
changeset
|
972 readdirex() get a List of file information in a directory |
| 15729 | 973 writefile() write a List of lines or Blob into a file |
| 7 | 974 |
|
2301
6f63294a1781
Avoid use of the GTK mail_loop() so that the GtkFileChooser can be used.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2207
diff
changeset
|
975 Date and Time: *date-functions* *time-functions* |
| 824 | 976 getftime() get last modification time of a file |
| 977 localtime() get current time in seconds | |
| 978 strftime() convert time to a string | |
|
18669
9007e9896303
patch 8.1.2326: cannot parse a date/time string
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
18639
diff
changeset
|
979 strptime() convert a date/time string to time |
| 824 | 980 reltime() get the current or elapsed time accurately |
| 981 reltimestr() convert reltime() result to a string | |
|
8876
47f17f66da3d
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/03413f44167c4b5cd0012def9bb331e2518c83cf
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
8795
diff
changeset
|
982 reltimefloat() convert reltime() result to a Float |
| 824 | 983 |
|
28917
c5862dfaf0bd
patch 8.2.4981: it is not possible to manipulate autocommands
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
984 Autocmds: *autocmd-functions* |
|
c5862dfaf0bd
patch 8.2.4981: it is not possible to manipulate autocommands
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
985 autocmd_add() add a list of autocmds and groups |
|
c5862dfaf0bd
patch 8.2.4981: it is not possible to manipulate autocommands
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
986 autocmd_delete() delete a list of autocmds and groups |
|
c5862dfaf0bd
patch 8.2.4981: it is not possible to manipulate autocommands
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parents:
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changeset
|
987 autocmd_get() return a list of autocmds |
|
c5862dfaf0bd
patch 8.2.4981: it is not possible to manipulate autocommands
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parents:
28862
diff
changeset
|
988 |
|
2301
6f63294a1781
Avoid use of the GTK mail_loop() so that the GtkFileChooser can be used.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2207
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changeset
|
989 *buffer-functions* *window-functions* *arg-functions* |
| 7 | 990 Buffers, windows and the argument list: |
| 991 argc() number of entries in the argument list | |
| 992 argidx() current position in the argument list | |
| 5942 | 993 arglistid() get id of the argument list |
| 7 | 994 argv() get one entry from the argument list |
|
17257
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patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
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parents:
17020
diff
changeset
|
995 bufadd() add a file to the list of buffers |
| 7 | 996 bufexists() check if a buffer exists |
| 997 buflisted() check if a buffer exists and is listed | |
|
17257
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patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
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parents:
17020
diff
changeset
|
998 bufload() ensure a buffer is loaded |
| 7 | 999 bufloaded() check if a buffer exists and is loaded |
| 1000 bufname() get the name of a specific buffer | |
| 1001 bufnr() get the buffer number of a specific buffer | |
| 824 | 1002 tabpagebuflist() return List of buffers in a tab page |
| 1003 tabpagenr() get the number of a tab page | |
| 1004 tabpagewinnr() like winnr() for a specified tab page | |
| 7 | 1005 winnr() get the window number for the current window |
|
9227
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
8876
diff
changeset
|
1006 bufwinid() get the window ID of a specific buffer |
| 7 | 1007 bufwinnr() get the window number of a specific buffer |
| 1008 winbufnr() get the buffer number of a specific window | |
|
16638
4790302965fc
patch 8.1.1321: no docs or tests for listener functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
16610
diff
changeset
|
1009 listener_add() add a callback to listen to changes |
| 16808 | 1010 listener_flush() invoke listener callbacks |
|
16638
4790302965fc
patch 8.1.1321: no docs or tests for listener functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
16610
diff
changeset
|
1011 listener_remove() remove a listener callback |
|
9286
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changeset
|
1012 win_findbuf() find windows containing a buffer |
|
64035abb986b
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c95a302a4c42ec8230473cd4a5e0064d0a143aa8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1013 win_getid() get window ID of a window |
|
20687
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patch 8.2.0897: list of functions in patched version is outdated
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
20643
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changeset
|
1014 win_gettype() get type of window |
|
9286
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c95a302a4c42ec8230473cd4a5e0064d0a143aa8
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parents:
9227
diff
changeset
|
1015 win_gotoid() go to window with ID |
|
64035abb986b
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9227
diff
changeset
|
1016 win_id2tabwin() get tab and window nr from window ID |
|
64035abb986b
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c95a302a4c42ec8230473cd4a5e0064d0a143aa8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9227
diff
changeset
|
1017 win_id2win() get window nr from window ID |
|
27047
b94cdb5ef20e
patch 8.2.4052: not easy to resize a window from a plugin
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
27036
diff
changeset
|
1018 win_move_separator() move window vertical separator |
|
b94cdb5ef20e
patch 8.2.4052: not easy to resize a window from a plugin
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
27036
diff
changeset
|
1019 win_move_statusline() move window status line |
|
20687
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patch 8.2.0897: list of functions in patched version is outdated
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changeset
|
1020 win_splitmove() move window to a split of another window |
|
9858
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/b5ae48e9ffd3b8eb6ca4057de11f1bddcde8ce6f
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9644
diff
changeset
|
1021 getbufinfo() get a list with buffer information |
|
3e96d9ed2ca1
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/b5ae48e9ffd3b8eb6ca4057de11f1bddcde8ce6f
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9644
diff
changeset
|
1022 gettabinfo() get a list with tab page information |
|
3e96d9ed2ca1
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/b5ae48e9ffd3b8eb6ca4057de11f1bddcde8ce6f
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9644
diff
changeset
|
1023 getwininfo() get a list with window information |
|
13280
fbda23eb0996
patch 8.0.1514: getting the list of changes is not easy
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
13246
diff
changeset
|
1024 getchangelist() get a list of change list entries |
|
13246
dd3b2ecf91f6
patch 8.0.1497: getting the jump list requires parsing the output of :jumps
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
13051
diff
changeset
|
1025 getjumplist() get a list of jump list entries |
| 14637 | 1026 swapinfo() information about a swap file |
| 15068 | 1027 swapname() get the swap file path of a buffer |
| 824 | 1028 |
|
2301
6f63294a1781
Avoid use of the GTK mail_loop() so that the GtkFileChooser can be used.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1029 Command line: *command-line-functions* |
|
28757
add09d468c0d
patch 8.2.4903: cannot get the current cmdline completion type and position
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
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28629
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changeset
|
1030 getcmdcompltype() get the type of the current command line |
|
add09d468c0d
patch 8.2.4903: cannot get the current cmdline completion type and position
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diff
changeset
|
1031 completion |
| 824 | 1032 getcmdline() get the current command line |
| 1033 getcmdpos() get position of the cursor in the command line | |
|
28757
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28629
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changeset
|
1034 getcmdscreenpos() get screen position of the cursor in the |
|
add09d468c0d
patch 8.2.4903: cannot get the current cmdline completion type and position
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1035 command line |
| 824 | 1036 setcmdpos() set position of the cursor in the command line |
| 1037 getcmdtype() return the current command-line type | |
| 6153 | 1038 getcmdwintype() return the current command-line window type |
|
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/6f1d9a096bf22d50c727dca73abbfb8e3ff55176
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9464
diff
changeset
|
1039 getcompletion() list of command-line completion matches |
|
23853
a9ed31ab85c3
patch 8.2.2468: not easy to get the full command name from a shortened one
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
23816
diff
changeset
|
1040 fullcommand() get full command name |
| 824 | 1041 |
|
2301
6f63294a1781
Avoid use of the GTK mail_loop() so that the GtkFileChooser can be used.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1042 Quickfix and location lists: *quickfix-functions* |
| 824 | 1043 getqflist() list of quickfix errors |
| 1044 setqflist() modify a quickfix list | |
| 1045 getloclist() list of location list items | |
| 1046 setloclist() modify a location list | |
| 1047 | |
|
2301
6f63294a1781
Avoid use of the GTK mail_loop() so that the GtkFileChooser can be used.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1048 Insert mode completion: *completion-functions* |
| 824 | 1049 complete() set found matches |
| 1050 complete_add() add to found matches | |
| 1051 complete_check() check if completion should be aborted | |
|
16127
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patch 8.1.1068: cannot get all the information about current completion
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
15729
diff
changeset
|
1052 complete_info() get current completion information |
| 824 | 1053 pumvisible() check if the popup menu is displayed |
| 18186 | 1054 pum_getpos() position and size of popup menu if visible |
| 7 | 1055 |
|
2301
6f63294a1781
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1056 Folding: *folding-functions* |
| 7 | 1057 foldclosed() check for a closed fold at a specific line |
| 1058 foldclosedend() like foldclosed() but return the last line | |
| 1059 foldlevel() check for the fold level at a specific line | |
| 1060 foldtext() generate the line displayed for a closed fold | |
| 824 | 1061 foldtextresult() get the text displayed for a closed fold |
| 1062 | |
|
2301
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Avoid use of the GTK mail_loop() so that the GtkFileChooser can be used.
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parents:
2207
diff
changeset
|
1063 Syntax and highlighting: *syntax-functions* *highlighting-functions* |
| 1326 | 1064 clearmatches() clear all matches defined by |matchadd()| and |
| 1065 the |:match| commands | |
| 1066 getmatches() get all matches defined by |matchadd()| and | |
| 1067 the |:match| commands | |
| 7 | 1068 hlexists() check if a highlight group exists |
|
26089
c544eacaf066
patch 8.2.3578: manipulating highlighting is complicated
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
25836
diff
changeset
|
1069 hlget() get highlight group attributes |
|
c544eacaf066
patch 8.2.3578: manipulating highlighting is complicated
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
25836
diff
changeset
|
1070 hlset() set highlight group attributes |
| 7 | 1071 hlID() get ID of a highlight group |
| 1072 synID() get syntax ID at a specific position | |
| 1073 synIDattr() get a specific attribute of a syntax ID | |
| 1074 synIDtrans() get translated syntax ID | |
| 2642 | 1075 synstack() get list of syntax IDs at a specific position |
| 2662 | 1076 synconcealed() get info about concealing |
| 824 | 1077 diff_hlID() get highlight ID for diff mode at a position |
| 1326 | 1078 matchadd() define a pattern to highlight (a "match") |
| 5979 | 1079 matchaddpos() define a list of positions to highlight |
| 824 | 1080 matcharg() get info about |:match| arguments |
| 1326 | 1081 matchdelete() delete a match defined by |matchadd()| or a |
| 1082 |:match| command | |
| 1083 setmatches() restore a list of matches saved by | |
| 1084 |getmatches()| | |
| 824 | 1085 |
|
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|
1086 Spelling: *spell-functions* |
| 824 | 1087 spellbadword() locate badly spelled word at or after cursor |
| 1088 spellsuggest() return suggested spelling corrections | |
| 1089 soundfold() return the sound-a-like equivalent of a word | |
| 7 | 1090 |
|
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Avoid use of the GTK mail_loop() so that the GtkFileChooser can be used.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1091 History: *history-functions* |
| 7 | 1092 histadd() add an item to a history |
| 1093 histdel() delete an item from a history | |
| 1094 histget() get an item from a history | |
| 1095 histnr() get highest index of a history list | |
| 1096 | |
|
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
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diff
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|
1097 Interactive: *interactive-functions* |
| 824 | 1098 browse() put up a file requester |
| 1099 browsedir() put up a directory requester | |
| 7 | 1100 confirm() let the user make a choice |
| 1101 getchar() get a character from the user | |
|
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parents:
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|
1102 getcharstr() get a character from the user as a string |
| 7 | 1103 getcharmod() get modifiers for the last typed character |
| 18639 | 1104 getmousepos() get last known mouse position |
|
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|
1105 echoraw() output characters as-is |
| 1620 | 1106 feedkeys() put characters in the typeahead queue |
| 7 | 1107 input() get a line from the user |
| 824 | 1108 inputlist() let the user pick an entry from a list |
| 7 | 1109 inputsecret() get a line from the user without showing it |
| 1110 inputdialog() get a line from the user in a dialog | |
| 230 | 1111 inputsave() save and clear typeahead |
| 7 | 1112 inputrestore() restore typeahead |
| 1113 | |
|
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diff
changeset
|
1114 GUI: *gui-functions* |
| 824 | 1115 getfontname() get name of current font being used |
| 13437 | 1116 getwinpos() position of the Vim window |
| 1117 getwinposx() X position of the Vim window | |
| 1118 getwinposy() Y position of the Vim window | |
| 11062 | 1119 balloon_show() set the balloon content |
| 12909 | 1120 balloon_split() split a message for a balloon |
|
16604
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1121 balloon_gettext() get the text in the balloon |
| 824 | 1122 |
|
2301
6f63294a1781
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diff
changeset
|
1123 Vim server: *server-functions* |
| 7 | 1124 serverlist() return the list of server names |
|
12756
3b26420fc639
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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|
1125 remote_startserver() run a server |
| 7 | 1126 remote_send() send command characters to a Vim server |
| 1127 remote_expr() evaluate an expression in a Vim server | |
| 1128 server2client() send a reply to a client of a Vim server | |
| 1129 remote_peek() check if there is a reply from a Vim server | |
| 1130 remote_read() read a reply from a Vim server | |
| 1131 foreground() move the Vim window to the foreground | |
| 1132 remote_foreground() move the Vim server window to the foreground | |
| 1133 | |
|
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changeset
|
1134 Window size and position: *window-size-functions* |
| 824 | 1135 winheight() get height of a specific window |
| 1136 winwidth() get width of a specific window | |
| 13051 | 1137 win_screenpos() get screen position of a window |
| 15068 | 1138 winlayout() get layout of windows in a tab page |
| 824 | 1139 winrestcmd() return command to restore window sizes |
| 1140 winsaveview() get view of current window | |
| 1141 winrestview() restore saved view of current window | |
| 1142 | |
|
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|
1143 Mappings and Menus: *mapping-functions* |
|
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|
1144 digraph_get() get |digraph| |
|
890fd8211202
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|
1145 digraph_getlist() get all |digraph|s |
|
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|
1146 digraph_set() register |digraph| |
|
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|
1147 digraph_setlist() register multiple |digraph|s |
| 4159 | 1148 hasmapto() check if a mapping exists |
| 1149 mapcheck() check if a matching mapping exists | |
| 1150 maparg() get rhs of a mapping | |
|
28602
398c5b3211f9
patch 8.2.4825: can only get a list of mappings
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|
1151 maplist() get list of all mappings |
|
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|
1152 mapset() restore a mapping |
|
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|
1153 menu_info() get information about a menu item |
| 4159 | 1154 wildmenumode() check if the wildmode is active |
| 1155 | |
|
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|
1156 Testing: *test-functions* |
|
8673
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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|
1157 assert_equal() assert that two expressions values are equal |
| 15068 | 1158 assert_equalfile() assert that two file contents are equal |
|
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/03413f44167c4b5cd0012def9bb331e2518c83cf
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|
1159 assert_notequal() assert that two expressions values are not equal |
|
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|
1160 assert_inrange() assert that an expression is inside a range |
|
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|
1161 assert_match() assert that a pattern matches the value |
|
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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|
1162 assert_notmatch() assert that a pattern does not match the value |
|
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|
1163 assert_false() assert that an expression is false |
|
b5e9810b389d
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|
1164 assert_true() assert that an expression is true |
|
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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|
1165 assert_exception() assert that a command throws an exception |
|
13341
acd7eaa13d2b
Updated runtime files.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
1166 assert_beeps() assert that a command beeps |
|
24313
10c39822f496
patch 8.2.2697: function list test fails
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
24278
diff
changeset
|
1167 assert_nobeep() assert that a command does not cause a beep |
|
13341
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Updated runtime files.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
1168 assert_fails() assert that a command fails |
|
11229
146a1e213b60
Update runtime files. Add Rust support.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
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|
1169 assert_report() report a test failure |
|
9286
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|
1170 test_alloc_fail() make memory allocation fail |
|
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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9464
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|
1171 test_autochdir() enable 'autochdir' during startup |
| 11160 | 1172 test_override() test with Vim internal overrides |
| 1173 test_garbagecollect_now() free memory right now | |
|
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|
1174 test_garbagecollect_soon() set a flag to free memory soon |
| 16808 | 1175 test_getvalue() get value of an internal variable |
|
27462
b43f6c879d52
patch 8.2.4259: number of test functions for GUI events is growing
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
27459
diff
changeset
|
1176 test_gui_event() generate a GUI event for testing |
| 11062 | 1177 test_ignore_error() ignore a specific error message |
| 15729 | 1178 test_null_blob() return a null Blob |
|
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|
1179 test_null_channel() return a null Channel |
|
64035abb986b
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|
1180 test_null_dict() return a null Dict |
|
20687
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|
1181 test_null_function() return a null Funcref |
|
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|
1182 test_null_job() return a null Job |
|
64035abb986b
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|
1183 test_null_list() return a null List |
|
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|
1184 test_null_partial() return a null Partial function |
|
64035abb986b
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|
1185 test_null_string() return a null String |
| 11062 | 1186 test_settime() set the time Vim uses internally |
|
16517
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patch 8.1.1262: cannot simulate a mouse click in a test
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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|
1187 test_setmouse() set the mouse position |
| 15068 | 1188 test_feedinput() add key sequence to input buffer |
| 1189 test_option_not_set() reset flag indicating option was set | |
|
20687
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|
1190 test_refcount() return an expression's reference count |
|
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|
1191 test_srand_seed() set the seed value for srand() |
|
770a8e9c4781
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|
1192 test_unknown() return a value with unknown type |
|
770a8e9c4781
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
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|
1193 test_void() return a value with void type |
|
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1194 |
|
64035abb986b
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|
1195 Inter-process communication: *channel-functions* |
|
10449
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/5162822914372fc916a93f85848c0c82209e7cec
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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10198
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|
1196 ch_canread() check if there is something to read |
|
7924
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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|
1197 ch_open() open a channel |
|
00d64eb49ce1
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/681baaf4a4c81418693dcafb81421a8614832e91
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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|
1198 ch_close() close a channel |
|
10140
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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|
1199 ch_close_in() close the in part of a channel |
|
9286
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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|
1200 ch_read() read a message from a channel |
| 15512 | 1201 ch_readblob() read a Blob from a channel |
|
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1202 ch_readraw() read a raw message from a channel |
|
7924
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1203 ch_sendexpr() send a JSON message over a channel |
|
00d64eb49ce1
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/681baaf4a4c81418693dcafb81421a8614832e91
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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1204 ch_sendraw() send a raw message over a channel |
|
20687
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changeset
|
1205 ch_evalexpr() evaluate an expression over channel |
|
770a8e9c4781
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1206 ch_evalraw() evaluate a raw string over channel |
|
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1207 ch_status() get status of a channel |
|
64035abb986b
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1208 ch_getbufnr() get the buffer number of a channel |
|
64035abb986b
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1209 ch_getjob() get the job associated with a channel |
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64035abb986b
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1210 ch_info() get channel information |
|
64035abb986b
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|
1211 ch_log() write a message in the channel log file |
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1212 ch_logfile() set the channel log file |
|
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c95a302a4c42ec8230473cd4a5e0064d0a143aa8
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1213 ch_setoptions() set the options for a channel |
|
9319
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1214 json_encode() encode an expression to a JSON string |
|
1472ed67c36f
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|
1215 json_decode() decode a JSON string to Vim types |
|
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|
1216 js_encode() encode an expression to a JSON string |
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1217 js_decode() decode a JSON string to Vim types |
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1218 |
|
20687
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1219 Jobs: *job-functions* |
|
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|
1220 job_start() start a job |
|
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1221 job_stop() stop a job |
|
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1222 job_status() get the status of a job |
|
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1223 job_getchannel() get the channel used by a job |
|
64035abb986b
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c95a302a4c42ec8230473cd4a5e0064d0a143aa8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9227
diff
changeset
|
1224 job_info() get information about a job |
|
64035abb986b
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c95a302a4c42ec8230473cd4a5e0064d0a143aa8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9227
diff
changeset
|
1225 job_setoptions() set options for a job |
|
64035abb986b
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c95a302a4c42ec8230473cd4a5e0064d0a143aa8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9227
diff
changeset
|
1226 |
|
15209
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patch 8.1.0614: placing signs can be complicated
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
15194
diff
changeset
|
1227 Signs: *sign-functions* |
|
3a99b2e6d136
patch 8.1.0614: placing signs can be complicated
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
15194
diff
changeset
|
1228 sign_define() define or update a sign |
|
3a99b2e6d136
patch 8.1.0614: placing signs can be complicated
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
15194
diff
changeset
|
1229 sign_getdefined() get a list of defined signs |
|
3a99b2e6d136
patch 8.1.0614: placing signs can be complicated
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
15194
diff
changeset
|
1230 sign_getplaced() get a list of placed signs |
|
15418
51b3c36b0523
patch 8.1.0717: there is no function for the ":sign jump" command
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
15209
diff
changeset
|
1231 sign_jump() jump to a sign |
|
15209
3a99b2e6d136
patch 8.1.0614: placing signs can be complicated
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
15194
diff
changeset
|
1232 sign_place() place a sign |
|
17366
9843fbfa0ee5
patch 8.1.1682: placing a larger number of signs is slow
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17292
diff
changeset
|
1233 sign_placelist() place a list of signs |
|
15209
3a99b2e6d136
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
15194
diff
changeset
|
1234 sign_undefine() undefine a sign |
|
3a99b2e6d136
patch 8.1.0614: placing signs can be complicated
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
15194
diff
changeset
|
1235 sign_unplace() unplace a sign |
|
17366
9843fbfa0ee5
patch 8.1.1682: placing a larger number of signs is slow
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17292
diff
changeset
|
1236 sign_unplacelist() unplace a list of signs |
|
15209
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patch 8.1.0614: placing signs can be complicated
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
15194
diff
changeset
|
1237 |
| 12254 | 1238 Terminal window: *terminal-functions* |
| 1239 term_start() open a terminal window and run a job | |
| 1240 term_list() get the list of terminal buffers | |
| 1241 term_sendkeys() send keystrokes to a terminal | |
| 1242 term_wait() wait for screen to be updated | |
| 1243 term_getjob() get the job associated with a terminal | |
| 1244 term_scrape() get row of a terminal screen | |
| 1245 term_getline() get a line of text from a terminal | |
| 1246 term_getattr() get the value of attribute {what} | |
| 1247 term_getcursor() get the cursor position of a terminal | |
| 1248 term_getscrolled() get the scroll count of a terminal | |
| 1249 term_getaltscreen() get the alternate screen flag | |
| 1250 term_getsize() get the size of a terminal | |
| 1251 term_getstatus() get the status of a terminal | |
| 1252 term_gettitle() get the title of a terminal | |
| 1253 term_gettty() get the tty name of a terminal | |
| 13735 | 1254 term_setansicolors() set 16 ANSI colors, used for GUI |
| 1255 term_getansicolors() get 16 ANSI colors, used for GUI | |
| 15068 | 1256 term_dumpdiff() display difference between two screen dumps |
| 1257 term_dumpload() load a terminal screen dump in a window | |
| 1258 term_dumpwrite() dump contents of a terminal screen to a file | |
| 1259 term_setkill() set signal to stop job in a terminal | |
| 1260 term_setrestore() set command to restore a terminal | |
| 1261 term_setsize() set the size of a terminal | |
|
20687
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
20643
diff
changeset
|
1262 term_setapi() set terminal JSON API function name prefix |
| 12254 | 1263 |
|
17257
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17020
diff
changeset
|
1264 Popup window: *popup-window-functions* |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17020
diff
changeset
|
1265 popup_create() create popup centered in the screen |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17020
diff
changeset
|
1266 popup_atcursor() create popup just above the cursor position, |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17020
diff
changeset
|
1267 closes when the cursor moves away |
|
17292
8a095d343c59
patch 8.1.1645: cannot use a popup window for a balloon
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17257
diff
changeset
|
1268 popup_beval() at the position indicated by v:beval_ |
|
8a095d343c59
patch 8.1.1645: cannot use a popup window for a balloon
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17257
diff
changeset
|
1269 variables, closes when the mouse moves away |
|
17257
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1270 popup_notification() show a notification for three seconds |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17020
diff
changeset
|
1271 popup_dialog() create popup centered with padding and border |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17020
diff
changeset
|
1272 popup_menu() prompt for selecting an item from a list |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1273 popup_hide() hide a popup temporarily |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17020
diff
changeset
|
1274 popup_show() show a previously hidden popup |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17020
diff
changeset
|
1275 popup_move() change the position and size of a popup |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17020
diff
changeset
|
1276 popup_setoptions() override options of a popup |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17020
diff
changeset
|
1277 popup_settext() replace the popup buffer contents |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1278 popup_close() close one popup |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1279 popup_clear() close all popups |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1280 popup_filter_menu() select from a list of items |
|
20687
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1281 popup_filter_yesno() block until 'y' or 'n' is pressed |
|
17257
cb0ca75f0c26
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1282 popup_getoptions() get current options for a popup |
|
cb0ca75f0c26
patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17020
diff
changeset
|
1283 popup_getpos() get actual position and size of a popup |
|
20687
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parents:
20643
diff
changeset
|
1284 popup_findinfo() get window ID for popup info window |
|
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
20643
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changeset
|
1285 popup_findpreview() get window ID for popup preview window |
|
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parents:
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changeset
|
1286 popup_list() get list of all popup window IDs |
|
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parents:
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|
1287 popup_locate() get popup window ID from its screen position |
|
17257
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
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|
1288 |
|
9286
64035abb986b
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c95a302a4c42ec8230473cd4a5e0064d0a143aa8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9227
diff
changeset
|
1289 Timers: *timer-functions* |
|
64035abb986b
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c95a302a4c42ec8230473cd4a5e0064d0a143aa8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9227
diff
changeset
|
1290 timer_start() create a timer |
|
9858
3e96d9ed2ca1
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/b5ae48e9ffd3b8eb6ca4057de11f1bddcde8ce6f
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9644
diff
changeset
|
1291 timer_pause() pause or unpause a timer |
|
9286
64035abb986b
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c95a302a4c42ec8230473cd4a5e0064d0a143aa8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9227
diff
changeset
|
1292 timer_stop() stop a timer |
|
9858
3e96d9ed2ca1
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/b5ae48e9ffd3b8eb6ca4057de11f1bddcde8ce6f
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9644
diff
changeset
|
1293 timer_stopall() stop all timers |
|
3e96d9ed2ca1
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/b5ae48e9ffd3b8eb6ca4057de11f1bddcde8ce6f
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9644
diff
changeset
|
1294 timer_info() get information about timers |
|
7790
ca19726d5e83
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/298b440930ecece38d6ea0505a3e582dc817e79b
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
7651
diff
changeset
|
1295 |
| 15068 | 1296 Tags: *tag-functions* |
| 1297 taglist() get list of matching tags | |
| 1298 tagfiles() get a list of tags files | |
| 1299 gettagstack() get the tag stack of a window | |
| 1300 settagstack() modify the tag stack of a window | |
| 1301 | |
| 1302 Prompt Buffer: *promptbuffer-functions* | |
|
22077
335365fcbb60
patch 8.2.1588: cannot read back the prompt of a prompt buffer
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
21991
diff
changeset
|
1303 prompt_getprompt() get the effective prompt text for a buffer |
| 15068 | 1304 prompt_setcallback() set prompt callback for a buffer |
| 1305 prompt_setinterrupt() set interrupt callback for a buffer | |
| 1306 prompt_setprompt() set the prompt text for a buffer | |
| 1307 | |
|
20687
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parents:
20643
diff
changeset
|
1308 Text Properties: *text-property-functions* |
|
770a8e9c4781
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
20643
diff
changeset
|
1309 prop_add() attach a property at a position |
|
25640
78ef12e0ce8c
patch 8.2.3356: adding many text properties requires a lot of function calls
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
25619
diff
changeset
|
1310 prop_add_list() attach a property at multiple positions |
|
20687
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1311 prop_clear() remove all properties from a line or lines |
|
770a8e9c4781
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1312 prop_find() search for a property |
|
770a8e9c4781
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
20643
diff
changeset
|
1313 prop_list() return a list of all properties in a line |
|
770a8e9c4781
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1314 prop_remove() remove a property from a line |
|
770a8e9c4781
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
20643
diff
changeset
|
1315 prop_type_add() add/define a property type |
|
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1316 prop_type_change() change properties of a type |
|
770a8e9c4781
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1317 prop_type_delete() remove a text property type |
|
770a8e9c4781
patch 8.2.0897: list of functions in patched version is outdated
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1318 prop_type_get() return the properties of a type |
|
770a8e9c4781
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1319 prop_type_list() return a list of all property types |
|
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1320 |
|
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parents:
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changeset
|
1321 Sound: *sound-functions* |
|
770a8e9c4781
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1322 sound_clear() stop playing all sounds |
|
770a8e9c4781
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1323 sound_playevent() play an event's sound |
|
770a8e9c4781
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1324 sound_playfile() play a sound file |
|
770a8e9c4781
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1325 sound_stop() stop playing a sound |
|
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1326 |
|
2301
6f63294a1781
Avoid use of the GTK mail_loop() so that the GtkFileChooser can be used.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2207
diff
changeset
|
1327 Various: *various-functions* |
| 7 | 1328 mode() get current editing mode |
|
20687
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1329 state() get current busy state |
| 7 | 1330 visualmode() last visual mode used |
| 1331 exists() check if a variable, function, etc. exists | |
|
25555
446f478d6fb1
patch 8.2.3314: behavior of exists() in a :def function is unpredictable
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
25402
diff
changeset
|
1332 exists_compiled() like exists() but check at compile time |
| 7 | 1333 has() check if a feature is supported in Vim |
| 824 | 1334 changenr() return number of most recent change |
| 7 | 1335 cscope_connection() check if a cscope connection exists |
| 1336 did_filetype() check if a FileType autocommand was used | |
| 1337 eventhandler() check if invoked by an event handler | |
| 1620 | 1338 getpid() get process ID of Vim |
|
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changeset
|
1339 getimstatus() check if IME status is active |
|
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changeset
|
1340 interrupt() interrupt script execution |
|
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changeset
|
1341 windowsversion() get MS-Windows version |
|
20836
2616c5a337e0
patch 8.2.0970: terminal properties are not available in Vim script
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
20766
diff
changeset
|
1342 terminalprops() properties of the terminal |
| 824 | 1343 |
| 7 | 1344 libcall() call a function in an external library |
| 1345 libcallnr() idem, returning a number | |
| 824 | 1346 |
| 5618 | 1347 undofile() get the name of the undo file |
| 1348 undotree() return the state of the undo tree | |
| 1349 | |
| 7 | 1350 getreg() get contents of a register |
|
20743
a672feb8fc4f
patch 8.2.0924: cannot save and restore a register properly
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
20687
diff
changeset
|
1351 getreginfo() get information about a register |
| 7 | 1352 getregtype() get type of a register |
| 1353 setreg() set contents and type of a register | |
|
14004
e124262d435e
patch 8.1.0020: cannot tell whether a register is executing or recording
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
13963
diff
changeset
|
1354 reg_executing() return the name of the register being executed |
|
e124262d435e
patch 8.1.0020: cannot tell whether a register is executing or recording
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
13963
diff
changeset
|
1355 reg_recording() return the name of the register being recorded |
| 824 | 1356 |
| 5618 | 1357 shiftwidth() effective value of 'shiftwidth' |
| 1358 | |
|
9464
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
9319
diff
changeset
|
1359 wordcount() get byte/word/char count of buffer |
|
be72f4201a1d
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/063b9d15abea041a5bfff3ffc4e219e26fd1d4fa
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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9319
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changeset
|
1360 |
|
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changeset
|
1361 luaeval() evaluate |Lua| expression |
|
2050
afcf9db31561
updated for version 7.2.336
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
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changeset
|
1362 mzeval() evaluate |MzScheme| expression |
|
7651
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/e9b892ebcd8596bf813793a1eed5a460a9495a28
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
7480
diff
changeset
|
1363 perleval() evaluate Perl expression (|+perl|) |
| 5618 | 1364 py3eval() evaluate Python expression (|+python3|) |
| 1365 pyeval() evaluate Python expression (|+python|) | |
| 10734 | 1366 pyxeval() evaluate |python_x| expression |
|
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changeset
|
1367 rubyeval() evaluate |Ruby| expression |
|
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changeset
|
1368 |
| 15194 | 1369 debugbreak() interrupt a program being debugged |
|
2050
afcf9db31561
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
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1702
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changeset
|
1370 |
| 7 | 1371 ============================================================================== |
| 1372 *41.7* Defining a function | |
| 1373 | |
| 1374 Vim enables you to define your own functions. The basic function declaration | |
| 1375 begins as follows: > | |
| 1376 | |
| 26847 | 1377 def {name}({var1}, {var2}, ...): return-type |
| 1378 {body} | |
| 1379 enddef | |
| 7 | 1380 < |
| 1381 Note: | |
| 1382 Function names must begin with a capital letter. | |
| 1383 | |
| 1384 Let's define a short function to return the smaller of two numbers. It starts | |
| 1385 with this line: > | |
| 1386 | |
| 26847 | 1387 def Min(num1: number, num2: number): number |
| 1388 | |
| 1389 This tells Vim that the function is named "Min", it takes two arguments that | |
| 1390 are numbers: "num1" and "num2" and returns a number. | |
| 1391 | |
| 1392 The first thing you need to do is to check to see which number is smaller: | |
| 7 | 1393 > |
| 26847 | 1394 if num1 < num2 |
| 1395 | |
| 7 | 1396 Let's assign the variable "smaller" the value of the smallest number: > |
| 1397 | |
| 26847 | 1398 var smaller: number |
| 1399 if num1 < num2 | |
| 1400 smaller = num1 | |
| 1401 else | |
| 1402 smaller = num2 | |
| 1403 endif | |
| 7 | 1404 |
| 1405 The variable "smaller" is a local variable. Variables used inside a function | |
| 26847 | 1406 are local unless prefixed by something like "g:", "w:", or "s:". |
| 7 | 1407 |
| 1408 Note: | |
| 1409 To access a global variable from inside a function you must prepend | |
| 1620 | 1410 "g:" to it. Thus "g:today" inside a function is used for the global |
| 1411 variable "today", and "today" is another variable, local to the | |
| 26847 | 1412 function or the script. |
| 1413 | |
| 1414 You now use the `return` statement to return the smallest number to the user. | |
| 7 | 1415 Finally, you end the function: > |
| 1416 | |
| 26847 | 1417 return smaller |
| 1418 enddef | |
| 7 | 1419 |
| 1420 The complete function definition is as follows: > | |
| 1421 | |
| 26847 | 1422 def Min(num1: number, num2: number): number |
| 1423 var smaller: number | |
| 1424 if num1 < num2 | |
| 1425 smaller = num1 | |
| 1426 else | |
| 1427 smaller = num2 | |
| 1428 endif | |
| 1429 return smaller | |
| 1430 enddef | |
| 1431 | |
| 1432 Obviously this is a verbose example. You can make it shorter by using two | |
| 1433 return commands: > | |
| 1434 | |
| 1435 def Min(num1: number, num2: number): number | |
| 1436 if num1 < num2 | |
| 1437 return num1 | |
| 1438 endif | |
| 1439 return num2 | |
| 1440 enddef | |
| 1441 | |
| 1442 And if you remember the conditional expression, you need only one line: > | |
| 1443 | |
| 1444 def Min(num1: number, num2: number): number | |
| 1445 return num1 < num2 ? num1 : num2 | |
| 1446 enddef | |
| 161 | 1447 |
| 681 | 1448 A user defined function is called in exactly the same way as a built-in |
| 7 | 1449 function. Only the name is different. The Min function can be used like |
| 1450 this: > | |
| 1451 | |
| 26847 | 1452 echo Min(5, 8) |
| 1453 | |
| 1454 Only now will the function be executed and the lines be parsed by Vim. | |
| 7 | 1455 If there are mistakes, like using an undefined variable or function, you will |
| 1456 now get an error message. When defining the function these errors are not | |
| 26847 | 1457 detected. To get the errors sooner you can tell Vim to compile all the |
| 1458 functions in the script: > | |
| 1459 | |
| 1460 defcompile | |
| 1461 | |
| 29066 | 1462 Compiling functions takes a little time, but does report errors early. You |
| 1463 could use `:defcompile` at the end of your script while working on it, and | |
| 1464 comment it out when everything is fine. | |
| 1465 | |
| 1466 For a function that does not return anything simply leave out the return type: > | |
| 26847 | 1467 |
| 1468 def SayIt(text: string) | |
| 1469 echo text | |
| 1470 enddef | |
| 1471 | |
| 1472 It is also possible to define a legacy function with `function` and | |
| 29066 | 1473 `endfunction`. These do not have types and are not compiled. Therefore they |
| 1474 execute much slower. | |
| 7 | 1475 |
| 1476 | |
| 1477 USING A RANGE | |
| 1478 | |
| 26847 | 1479 A line range can be used with a function call. The function will be called |
| 1480 once for every line in the range, with the cursor in that line. Example: > | |
| 1481 | |
| 1482 def Number() | |
| 1483 echo "line " .. line(".") .. " contains: " .. getline(".") | |
| 1484 enddef | |
| 7 | 1485 |
| 1486 If you call this function with: > | |
| 1487 | |
| 1488 :10,15call Number() | |
| 1489 | |
| 26847 | 1490 The function will be called six times, starting on line 10 and ending on line |
| 1491 15. | |
| 7 | 1492 |
| 1493 | |
| 1494 VARIABLE NUMBER OF ARGUMENTS | |
| 1495 | |
| 1496 Vim enables you to define functions that have a variable number of arguments. | |
| 1497 The following command, for instance, defines a function that must have 1 | |
| 1498 argument (start) and can have up to 20 additional arguments: > | |
| 1499 | |
| 26847 | 1500 def Show(start: string, ...items: list<string>) |
| 1501 | |
| 29066 | 1502 The variable "items" will be a list in the function containing the extra |
| 1503 arguments. You can use it like any list, for example: > | |
| 26847 | 1504 |
| 1505 def Show(start: string, ...items: list<string>) | |
| 1506 echohl Title | |
| 1507 echo "start is " .. start | |
| 1508 echohl None | |
| 1509 for index in range(len(items)) | |
| 29066 | 1510 echon $" Arg {index} is {items[index]}" |
| 26847 | 1511 endfor |
| 1512 echo | |
| 1513 enddef | |
| 1514 | |
| 1515 You can call it like this: > | |
| 1516 | |
| 1517 Show('Title', 'one', 'two', 'three') | |
| 1518 < start is Title Arg 0 is one Arg 1 is two Arg 2 is three ~ | |
| 1519 | |
| 1520 This uses the `echohl` command to specify the highlighting used for the | |
| 1521 following `echo` command. `echohl None` stops it again. The `echon` command | |
| 1522 works like `echo`, but doesn't output a line break. | |
| 1523 | |
| 1524 If you call it with one argument the "items" list will be empty. | |
| 1525 `range(len(items))` returns a list with the indexes, what `for` loops over, | |
| 1526 we'll explain that further down. | |
| 161 | 1527 |
| 7 | 1528 |
| 1529 LISTING FUNCTIONS | |
| 1530 | |
| 26847 | 1531 The `function` command lists the names and arguments of all user-defined |
| 7 | 1532 functions: > |
| 1533 | |
| 1534 :function | |
| 26847 | 1535 < def <SNR>86_Show(start: string, ...items: list<string>) ~ |
| 7 | 1536 function GetVimIndent() ~ |
| 1537 function SetSyn(name) ~ | |
| 1538 | |
| 26847 | 1539 The "<SNR>" prefix means that a function is script-local. |Vim9| functions |
| 1540 wil start with "def" and include argument and return types. Legacy functions | |
| 1541 are listed with "function". | |
| 1542 | |
| 1543 To see what a function does, use its name as an argument for `function`: > | |
| 7 | 1544 |
| 1545 :function SetSyn | |
| 1546 < 1 if &syntax == '' ~ | |
| 1547 2 let &syntax = a:name ~ | |
| 1548 3 endif ~ | |
| 1549 endfunction ~ | |
| 1550 | |
| 29066 | 1551 To see the "Show" function you need to include the script prefix, since |
| 1552 multiple "Show" functions can be defined in different scripts. To find | |
| 26847 | 1553 the exact name you can use `function`, but the result may be a very long list. |
| 1554 To only get the functions matching a pattern you can use the `filter` prefix: | |
| 1555 > | |
| 1556 :filter Show function | |
| 1557 < def <SNR>86_Show(start: string, ...items: list<string>) ~ | |
| 1558 > | |
| 1559 :function <SNR>86_Show | |
| 1560 < 1 echohl Title ~ | |
| 1561 2 echo "start is " .. start ~ | |
| 1562 etc. | |
| 1563 | |
| 7 | 1564 |
| 1565 DEBUGGING | |
| 1566 | |
| 1567 The line number is useful for when you get an error message or when debugging. | |
| 1568 See |debug-scripts| about debugging mode. | |
| 26847 | 1569 |
| 1570 You can also set the 'verbose' option to 12 or higher to see all function | |
| 7 | 1571 calls. Set it to 15 or higher to see every executed line. |
| 1572 | |
| 1573 | |
| 1574 DELETING A FUNCTION | |
| 1575 | |
| 26847 | 1576 To delete the SetSyn() function: > |
| 1577 | |
| 1578 :delfunction SetSyn | |
| 1579 | |
| 1580 Deleting only works for global functions and functions in legacy script, not | |
| 1581 for functions defined in a |Vim9| script. | |
| 1582 | |
| 1583 You get an error when the function doesn't exist or cannot be deleted. | |
| 7 | 1584 |
| 161 | 1585 |
| 1586 FUNCTION REFERENCES | |
| 1587 | |
| 1588 Sometimes it can be useful to have a variable point to one function or | |
| 29066 | 1589 another. You can do it with a function reference variable. Often shortened |
| 1590 to "funcref". Example: > | |
| 26847 | 1591 |
| 29066 | 1592 def Right(): string |
| 26847 | 1593 return 'Right!' |
| 1594 enddef | |
| 29066 | 1595 def Wrong(): string |
| 26847 | 1596 return 'Wrong!' |
| 1597 enddef | |
| 1598 | |
| 1599 var Afunc = g:result == 1 ? Right : Wrong | |
| 29066 | 1600 echo Afunc() |
| 161 | 1601 < Wrong! ~ |
| 1602 | |
| 29066 | 1603 This assumes "g:result" is not one. See |Funcref| for details. |
| 26847 | 1604 |
| 161 | 1605 Note that the name of a variable that holds a function reference must start |
| 1606 with a capital. Otherwise it could be confused with the name of a builtin | |
| 1607 function. | |
| 1608 | |
|
25806
8d55e978f95b
patch 8.2.3438: cannot manipulate blobs
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
25640
diff
changeset
|
1609 More information about defining your own functions here: |user-functions|. |
|
8d55e978f95b
patch 8.2.3438: cannot manipulate blobs
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
25640
diff
changeset
|
1610 |
| 7 | 1611 ============================================================================== |
| 161 | 1612 *41.8* Lists and Dictionaries |
| 1613 | |
| 1614 So far we have used the basic types String and Number. Vim also supports two | |
| 1615 composite types: List and Dictionary. | |
| 1616 | |
| 26847 | 1617 A List is an ordered sequence of items. The items can be any kind of value, |
| 161 | 1618 thus you can make a List of numbers, a List of Lists and even a List of mixed |
| 1619 items. To create a List with three strings: > | |
| 1620 | |
| 29066 | 1621 var alist = ['aap', 'noot', 'mies'] |
| 161 | 1622 |
| 1623 The List items are enclosed in square brackets and separated by commas. To | |
| 1624 create an empty List: > | |
| 1625 | |
| 26847 | 1626 var alist = [] |
| 161 | 1627 |
| 1628 You can add items to a List with the add() function: > | |
| 1629 | |
| 26847 | 1630 var alist = [] |
| 1631 add(alist, 'foo') | |
| 1632 add(alist, 'bar') | |
| 1633 echo alist | |
| 161 | 1634 < ['foo', 'bar'] ~ |
| 1635 | |
| 1636 List concatenation is done with +: > | |
| 1637 | |
| 26847 | 1638 var alist = ['foo', 'bar'] |
| 1639 alist = alist + ['and', 'more'] | |
| 1640 echo alist | |
| 1641 < ['foo', 'bar', 'and', 'more'] ~ | |
| 1642 | |
| 29066 | 1643 Or, if you want to extend a List with a function, use `extend()`: > |
| 26847 | 1644 |
| 1645 var alist = ['one'] | |
| 1646 extend(alist, ['two', 'three']) | |
| 1647 echo alist | |
| 161 | 1648 < ['one', 'two', 'three'] ~ |
| 1649 | |
| 29066 | 1650 Notice that using `add()` will have a different effect than `extend()`: > |
| 26847 | 1651 |
| 1652 var alist = ['one'] | |
| 1653 add(alist, ['two', 'three']) | |
| 1654 echo alist | |
| 161 | 1655 < ['one', ['two', 'three']] ~ |
| 1656 | |
| 26847 | 1657 The second argument of add() is added as an item, now you have a nested list. |
| 161 | 1658 |
| 1659 | |
| 1660 FOR LOOP | |
| 1661 | |
| 1662 One of the nice things you can do with a List is iterate over it: > | |
| 1663 | |
| 26847 | 1664 var alist = ['one', 'two', 'three'] |
| 1665 for n in alist | |
| 1666 echo n | |
| 1667 endfor | |
| 161 | 1668 < one ~ |
| 1669 two ~ | |
| 1670 three ~ | |
| 1671 | |
| 26847 | 1672 This will loop over each element in List "alist", assigning each value to |
| 161 | 1673 variable "n". The generic form of a for loop is: > |
| 1674 | |
| 29066 | 1675 for {varname} in {list-expression} |
| 26847 | 1676 {commands} |
| 1677 endfor | |
| 161 | 1678 |
| 1679 To loop a certain number of times you need a List of a specific length. The | |
| 1680 range() function creates one for you: > | |
| 1681 | |
| 26847 | 1682 for a in range(3) |
| 1683 echo a | |
| 1684 endfor | |
| 161 | 1685 < 0 ~ |
| 1686 1 ~ | |
| 1687 2 ~ | |
| 1688 | |
| 1689 Notice that the first item of the List that range() produces is zero, thus the | |
| 29066 | 1690 last item is one less than the length of the list. Detail: Internally range() |
| 1691 does not actually create the list, so that a large range used in a for loop | |
| 1692 works efficiently. When used elsewhere, the range is turned into an actual | |
| 1693 list, which takes more time for a long ist. | |
| 26847 | 1694 |
| 1695 You can also specify the maximum value, the stride and even go backwards: > | |
| 1696 | |
| 1697 for a in range(8, 4, -2) | |
| 1698 echo a | |
| 1699 endfor | |
| 161 | 1700 < 8 ~ |
| 1701 6 ~ | |
| 1702 4 ~ | |
| 1703 | |
| 29066 | 1704 A more useful example, looping over all the lines in the buffer: > |
| 161 | 1705 |
| 29066 | 1706 for line in getline(1, 50) |
| 26847 | 1707 if line =~ "Date: " |
| 1708 echo line | |
| 1709 endif | |
| 1710 endfor | |
| 161 | 1711 |
| 29066 | 1712 This looks into lines 1 to 50 (inclusive) and echoes any date found in there. |
| 1713 | |
| 1714 For further reading see |Lists|. | |
| 161 | 1715 |
| 1716 | |
| 1717 DICTIONARIES | |
| 1718 | |
| 1719 A Dictionary stores key-value pairs. You can quickly lookup a value if you | |
| 1720 know the key. A Dictionary is created with curly braces: > | |
| 856 | 1721 |
| 26847 | 1722 var uk2nl = {one: 'een', two: 'twee', three: 'drie'} |
| 161 | 1723 |
| 164 | 1724 Now you can lookup words by putting the key in square brackets: > |
| 161 | 1725 |
| 26847 | 1726 echo uk2nl['two'] |
| 1727 < twee ~ | |
| 1728 | |
| 1729 If the key does not have special characters, you can use the dot notation: > | |
| 1730 | |
| 1731 echo uk2nl.two | |
| 161 | 1732 < twee ~ |
| 1733 | |
| 1734 The generic form for defining a Dictionary is: > | |
| 1735 | |
| 1736 {<key> : <value>, ...} | |
| 1737 | |
| 1738 An empty Dictionary is one without any keys: > | |
| 1739 | |
| 1740 {} | |
| 1741 | |
| 1742 The possibilities with Dictionaries are numerous. There are various functions | |
| 1743 for them as well. For example, you can obtain a list of the keys and loop | |
| 1744 over them: > | |
| 1745 | |
| 26847 | 1746 for key in keys(uk2nl) |
| 1747 echo key | |
| 1748 endfor | |
| 161 | 1749 < three ~ |
| 1750 one ~ | |
| 1751 two ~ | |
| 1752 | |
| 1620 | 1753 You will notice the keys are not ordered. You can sort the list to get a |
| 161 | 1754 specific order: > |
| 1755 | |
| 26847 | 1756 for key in sort(keys(uk2nl)) |
| 1757 echo key | |
| 1758 endfor | |
| 161 | 1759 < one ~ |
| 1760 three ~ | |
| 1761 two ~ | |
| 1762 | |
| 1763 But you can never get back the order in which items are defined. For that you | |
| 1764 need to use a List, it stores items in an ordered sequence. | |
| 1765 | |
| 29066 | 1766 For further reading see |Dictionaries|. |
| 161 | 1767 |
| 1768 ============================================================================== | |
| 1769 *41.9* Exceptions | |
| 7 | 1770 |
| 1771 Let's start with an example: > | |
| 1772 | |
| 26847 | 1773 try |
| 1774 read ~/templates/pascal.tmpl | |
| 1775 catch /E484:/ | |
| 1776 echo "Sorry, the Pascal template file cannot be found." | |
| 1777 endtry | |
| 1778 | |
| 1779 The `read` command will fail if the file does not exist. Instead of | |
| 7 | 1780 generating an error message, this code catches the error and gives the user a |
| 29066 | 1781 message with more information. |
| 7 | 1782 |
| 26847 | 1783 For the commands in between `try` and `endtry` errors are turned into |
| 7 | 1784 exceptions. An exception is a string. In the case of an error the string |
| 1785 contains the error message. And every error message has a number. In this | |
| 1786 case, the error we catch contains "E484:". This number is guaranteed to stay | |
| 1787 the same (the text may change, e.g., it may be translated). | |
| 1788 | |
| 26847 | 1789 Besides being able to give a nice error message, Vim will also continue |
| 29066 | 1790 executing commands after the `:endtry`. Otherwise, once an uncaught error is |
| 1791 encountered, execution of the script/function/mapping will be aborted. | |
| 26847 | 1792 |
| 1793 When the `read` command causes another error, the pattern "E484:" will not | |
| 7 | 1794 match in it. Thus this exception will not be caught and result in the usual |
| 29087 | 1795 error message and execution is aborted. |
| 7 | 1796 |
| 1797 You might be tempted to do this: > | |
| 1798 | |
| 26847 | 1799 try |
| 1800 read ~/templates/pascal.tmpl | |
| 1801 catch | |
| 1802 echo "Sorry, the Pascal template file cannot be found." | |
| 1803 endtry | |
| 1804 | |
| 1805 This means all errors are caught. But then you will not see an error that | |
| 1806 would indicate a completely different problem, such as "E21: Cannot make | |
| 29066 | 1807 changes, 'modifiable' is off". Think twice before you catch any error! |
| 26847 | 1808 |
| 1809 Another useful mechanism is the `finally` command: > | |
| 1810 | |
| 1811 var tmp = tempname() | |
| 1812 try | |
| 1813 exe ":.,$write " .. tmp | |
| 1814 exe "!filter " .. tmp | |
| 1815 :.,$delete | |
| 1816 exe ":$read " .. tmp | |
| 1817 finally | |
| 29066 | 1818 delete(tmp) |
| 26847 | 1819 endtry |
| 7 | 1820 |
| 1821 This filters the lines from the cursor until the end of the file through the | |
| 1822 "filter" command, which takes a file name argument. No matter if the | |
| 29066 | 1823 filtering works, if something goes wrong in between `try` and `finally` or the |
| 1824 user cancels the filtering by pressing CTRL-C, the `delete(tmp)` call is | |
| 7 | 1825 always executed. This makes sure you don't leave the temporary file behind. |
| 1826 | |
| 29066 | 1827 The `finally` does not catch the exception, the error will still abort |
| 1828 further execution. | |
| 1829 | |
| 7 | 1830 More information about exception handling can be found in the reference |
| 1831 manual: |exception-handling|. | |
| 1832 | |
| 1833 ============================================================================== | |
| 161 | 1834 *41.10* Various remarks |
| 7 | 1835 |
| 29066 | 1836 Here are a few items that are useful to know when writing Vim scripts. |
| 1837 | |
| 1838 | |
| 1839 FILEFORMAT | |
| 26847 | 1840 |
| 1841 The end-of-line character depends on the system. For Vim scripts it is | |
| 29066 | 1842 recommended to always use the Unix fileformat. This also works on any other |
| 26847 | 1843 system. That way you can copy your Vim scripts from MS-Windows to Unix and |
| 1844 they still work. See |:source_crnl|. To be sure it is set right, do this | |
| 1845 before writing the file: > | |
| 1846 | |
| 1847 :setlocal fileformat=unix | |
| 7 | 1848 |
| 1849 | |
| 1850 WHITE SPACE | |
| 1851 | |
| 1852 Blank lines are allowed and ignored. | |
| 1853 | |
| 26847 | 1854 Leading whitespace characters (blanks and TABs) are always ignored. |
| 1855 | |
| 1856 Trailing whitespace is often ignored, but not always. One command that | |
| 1857 includes it is `map`. | |
| 7 | 1858 |
| 1859 To include a whitespace character in the value of an option, it must be | |
| 1860 escaped by a "\" (backslash) as in the following example: > | |
| 1861 | |
| 1862 :set tags=my\ nice\ file | |
| 1863 | |
| 29066 | 1864 If it would be written as: > |
| 7 | 1865 |
| 1866 :set tags=my nice file | |
| 1867 | |
| 29066 | 1868 This will issue an error, because it is interpreted as: > |
| 7 | 1869 |
| 1870 :set tags=my | |
| 1871 :set nice | |
| 1872 :set file | |
| 1873 | |
| 26847 | 1874 |Vim9| script is very picky when it comes to white space. This was done |
| 1875 intentionally to make sure scripts are easy to read and to avoid mistakes. | |
| 29066 | 1876 If you use white space sensibly it will just work. When not you will get an |
| 1877 error message telling you where white space is missing or should be removed. | |
| 26847 | 1878 |
| 7 | 1879 |
| 1880 COMMENTS | |
| 1881 | |
| 29066 | 1882 In |Vim9| script the character # starts a comment. That character and |
| 1883 everything after it until the end-of-line is considered a comment and | |
| 7 | 1884 is ignored, except for commands that don't consider comments, as shown in |
| 26847 | 1885 examples below. A comment can start on any character position on the line, |
| 29066 | 1886 but not when it is part of the command, e.g. inside a string. |
| 26847 | 1887 |
| 1888 The character " (the double quote mark) starts a comment in legacy script. | |
| 29066 | 1889 This involves some cleverness to make sure double quoted strings are not |
| 1890 recognized as comments (just one reason to prefer |Vim9| script). | |
| 7 | 1891 |
| 1892 There is a little "catch" with comments for some commands. Examples: > | |
| 1893 | |
| 26847 | 1894 abbrev dev development # shorthand |
| 1895 map <F3> o#include # insert include | |
| 1896 execute cmd # do it | |
| 1897 !ls *.c # list C files | |
| 1898 | |
| 29066 | 1899 - The abbreviation 'dev' will be expanded to 'development # shorthand'. |
| 1900 - The mapping of <F3> will actually be the whole line after the 'o# ....' | |
| 1901 including the '# insert include'. | |
| 1902 - The `execute` command will give an error. | |
| 1903 - The `!` command will send everything after it to the shell, most likely | |
| 1904 causing an error. | |
| 26847 | 1905 |
| 1906 There can be no comment after `map`, `abbreviate`, `execute` and `!` commands | |
| 1907 (there are a few more commands with this restriction). For the `map`, | |
| 1908 `abbreviate` and `execute` commands there is a trick: > | |
| 1909 | |
| 1910 abbrev dev development|# shorthand | |
| 1911 map <F3> o#include|# insert include | |
| 1912 execute '!ls *.c' |# do it | |
| 7 | 1913 |
| 1914 With the '|' character the command is separated from the next one. And that | |
| 26847 | 1915 next command is only a comment. The last command, using `execute` is a |
| 1916 general solution, it works for all commands that do not accept a comment or a | |
| 1917 '|' to separate the next command. | |
| 7 | 1918 |
| 1919 Notice that there is no white space before the '|' in the abbreviation and | |
| 1920 mapping. For these commands, any character until the end-of-line or '|' is | |
| 1921 included. As a consequence of this behavior, you don't always see that | |
| 1922 trailing whitespace is included: > | |
| 1923 | |
| 26847 | 1924 map <F4> o#include |
| 1925 | |
| 29066 | 1926 Here it is intended, in other cases it might be accidental. To spot these |
| 1927 problems, you can highlight trailing spaces: > | |
| 26847 | 1928 match Search /\s\+$/ |
| 7 | 1929 |
| 1146 | 1930 For Unix there is one special way to comment a line, that allows making a Vim |
| 26847 | 1931 script executable, and it also works in legacy script: > |
| 1146 | 1932 #!/usr/bin/env vim -S |
| 1933 echo "this is a Vim script" | |
| 1934 quit | |
| 1935 | |
| 7 | 1936 |
| 29066 | 1937 Advance information about writing Vim script is in |usr_50.txt|. |
| 28933 | 1938 |
| 7 | 1939 ============================================================================== |
| 1940 | |
| 1941 Next chapter: |usr_42.txt| Add new menus | |
| 1942 | |
| 14519 | 1943 Copyright: see |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |