Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/usr_41.txt @ 23594:d3e064f54890 v8.2.2339
patch 8.2.2339: cannot get the type of a value as a string
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/a47e05f04a5a5c0369c949157c24d09cbe64ad6a
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Tue Jan 12 21:49:00 2021 +0100
patch 8.2.2339: cannot get the type of a value as a string
Problem: Cannot get the type of a value as a string.
Solution: Add typename().
| author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Tue, 12 Jan 2021 22:00:06 +0100 |
| parents | 510088f8c66f |
| children | 7b3317e959e3 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 23573 | 1 *usr_41.txt* For Vim version 8.2. Last change: 2021 Jan 08 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 4 | |
| 5 Write a Vim script | |
| 6 | |
| 7 | |
| 8 The Vim script language is used for the startup vimrc file, syntax files, and | |
| 9 many other things. This chapter explains the items that can be used in a Vim | |
| 10 script. There are a lot of them, thus this is a long chapter. | |
| 11 | |
| 12 |41.1| Introduction | |
| 13 |41.2| Variables | |
| 14 |41.3| Expressions | |
| 15 |41.4| Conditionals | |
| 16 |41.5| Executing an expression | |
| 17 |41.6| Using functions | |
| 18 |41.7| Defining a function | |
| 161 | 19 |41.8| Lists and Dictionaries |
| 20 |41.9| Exceptions | |
| 21 |41.10| Various remarks | |
| 22 |41.11| Writing a plugin | |
| 23 |41.12| Writing a filetype plugin | |
| 24 |41.13| Writing a compiler plugin | |
| 170 | 25 |41.14| Writing a plugin that loads quickly |
| 26 |41.15| Writing library scripts | |
| 793 | 27 |41.16| Distributing Vim scripts |
| 7 | 28 |
| 29 Next chapter: |usr_42.txt| Add new menus | |
| 30 Previous chapter: |usr_40.txt| Make new commands | |
| 31 Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt| | |
| 32 | |
| 33 ============================================================================== | |
| 129 | 34 *41.1* Introduction *vim-script-intro* *script* |
| 7 | 35 |
| 36 Your first experience with Vim scripts is the vimrc file. Vim reads it when | |
| 37 it starts up and executes the commands. You can set options to values you | |
| 38 prefer. And you can use any colon command in it (commands that start with a | |
| 39 ":"; these are sometimes referred to as Ex commands or command-line commands). | |
| 40 Syntax files are also Vim scripts. As are files that set options for a | |
| 41 specific file type. A complicated macro can be defined by a separate Vim | |
| 42 script file. You can think of other uses yourself. | |
| 43 | |
| 20856 | 44 If you are familiar with Python, you can find a comparison between |
| 45 Python and Vim script here, with pointers to other documents: | |
| 46 https://gist.github.com/yegappan/16d964a37ead0979b05e655aa036cad0 | |
| 21676 | 47 And if you are familiar with JavaScript: |
| 20856 | 48 https://w0rp.com/blog/post/vim-script-for-the-javascripter/ |
|
20687
770a8e9c4781
patch 8.2.0897: list of functions in patched version is outdated
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
20643
diff
changeset
|
49 |
| 7 | 50 Let's start with a simple example: > |
| 51 | |
| 52 :let i = 1 | |
| 53 :while i < 5 | |
| 54 : echo "count is" i | |
| 161 | 55 : let i += 1 |
| 7 | 56 :endwhile |
| 57 < | |
| 58 Note: | |
| 59 The ":" characters are not really needed here. You only need to use | |
| 60 them when you type a command. In a Vim script file they can be left | |
| 61 out. We will use them here anyway to make clear these are colon | |
| 62 commands and make them stand out from Normal mode commands. | |
| 161 | 63 Note: |
| 64 You can try out the examples by yanking the lines from the text here | |
| 65 and executing them with :@" | |
| 66 | |
| 67 The output of the example code is: | |
| 68 | |
| 69 count is 1 ~ | |
| 70 count is 2 ~ | |
| 71 count is 3 ~ | |
| 72 count is 4 ~ | |
| 73 | |
| 74 In the first line the ":let" command assigns a value to a variable. The | |
| 75 generic form is: > | |
| 7 | 76 |
| 77 :let {variable} = {expression} | |
| 78 | |
| 79 In this case the variable name is "i" and the expression is a simple value, | |
| 80 the number one. | |
| 81 The ":while" command starts a loop. The generic form is: > | |
| 82 | |
| 83 :while {condition} | |
| 84 : {statements} | |
| 85 :endwhile | |
| 86 | |
| 87 The statements until the matching ":endwhile" are executed for as long as the | |
| 88 condition is true. The condition used here is the expression "i < 5". This | |
| 89 is true when the variable i is smaller than five. | |
| 90 Note: | |
| 91 If you happen to write a while loop that keeps on running, you can | |
| 92 interrupt it by pressing CTRL-C (CTRL-Break on MS-Windows). | |
| 161 | 93 |
| 94 The ":echo" command prints its arguments. In this case the string "count is" | |
| 95 and the value of the variable i. Since i is one, this will print: | |
| 96 | |
| 97 count is 1 ~ | |
| 98 | |
| 99 Then there is the ":let i += 1" command. This does the same thing as | |
| 100 ":let i = i + 1". This adds one to the variable i and assigns the new value | |
| 101 to the same variable. | |
| 20856 | 102 Note: this is how it works in legacy Vim script, which is what we discuss in |
| 103 this file. In Vim9 script it's a bit different, see |usr_46.txt|. | |
| 161 | 104 |
| 105 The example was given to explain the commands, but would you really want to | |
| 11062 | 106 make such a loop, it can be written much more compact: > |
| 112 | 107 |
| 108 :for i in range(1, 4) | |
| 109 : echo "count is" i | |
| 110 :endfor | |
| 111 | |
| 161 | 112 We won't explain how |:for| and |range()| work until later. Follow the links |
| 113 if you are impatient. | |
| 112 | 114 |
| 7 | 115 |
| 16871 | 116 FOUR KINDS OF NUMBERS |
| 117 | |
| 118 Numbers can be decimal, hexadecimal, octal or binary. A hexadecimal number | |
| 119 starts with "0x" or "0X". For example "0x1f" is decimal 31. An octal number | |
| 120 starts with a zero. "017" is decimal 15. A binary number starts with "0b" or | |
| 121 "0B". For example "0b101" is decimal 5. Careful: don't put a zero before a | |
| 122 decimal number, it will be interpreted as an octal number! | |
| 7 | 123 The ":echo" command always prints decimal numbers. Example: > |
| 124 | |
| 23573 | 125 :echo 0x7f 0o36 |
| 7 | 126 < 127 30 ~ |
| 127 | |
| 16871 | 128 A number is made negative with a minus sign. This also works for hexadecimal, |
| 129 octal and binary numbers. A minus sign is also used for subtraction. Compare | |
| 130 this with the previous example: > | |
| 7 | 131 |
| 23573 | 132 :echo 0x7f -0o36 |
| 7 | 133 < 97 ~ |
| 134 | |
| 135 White space in an expression is ignored. However, it's recommended to use it | |
| 136 for separating items, to make the expression easier to read. For example, to | |
| 161 | 137 avoid the confusion with a negative number above, put a space between the |
| 138 minus sign and the following number: > | |
| 7 | 139 |
| 23573 | 140 :echo 0x7f - 0o36 |
| 7 | 141 |
| 142 ============================================================================== | |
| 143 *41.2* Variables | |
| 144 | |
| 145 A variable name consists of ASCII letters, digits and the underscore. It | |
| 146 cannot start with a digit. Valid variable names are: | |
| 147 | |
| 148 counter | |
| 149 _aap3 | |
| 150 very_long_variable_name_with_underscores | |
| 151 FuncLength | |
| 152 LENGTH | |
| 153 | |
| 154 Invalid names are "foo+bar" and "6var". | |
| 155 These variables are global. To see a list of currently defined variables | |
| 156 use this command: > | |
| 157 | |
| 158 :let | |
| 159 | |
| 160 You can use global variables everywhere. This also means that when the | |
| 161 variable "count" is used in one script file, it might also be used in another | |
| 162 file. This leads to confusion at least, and real problems at worst. To avoid | |
| 163 this, you can use a variable local to a script file by prepending "s:". For | |
| 164 example, one script contains this code: > | |
| 165 | |
| 166 :let s:count = 1 | |
| 167 :while s:count < 5 | |
| 168 : source other.vim | |
| 161 | 169 : let s:count += 1 |
| 7 | 170 :endwhile |
| 171 | |
| 172 Since "s:count" is local to this script, you can be sure that sourcing the | |
| 173 "other.vim" script will not change this variable. If "other.vim" also uses an | |
| 174 "s:count" variable, it will be a different copy, local to that script. More | |
| 175 about script-local variables here: |script-variable|. | |
| 176 | |
| 177 There are more kinds of variables, see |internal-variables|. The most often | |
| 178 used ones are: | |
| 179 | |
| 180 b:name variable local to a buffer | |
| 181 w:name variable local to a window | |
| 182 g:name global variable (also in a function) | |
| 183 v:name variable predefined by Vim | |
| 184 | |
| 185 | |
| 186 DELETING VARIABLES | |
| 187 | |
| 188 Variables take up memory and show up in the output of the ":let" command. To | |
| 189 delete a variable use the ":unlet" command. Example: > | |
| 190 | |
| 191 :unlet s:count | |
| 192 | |
| 193 This deletes the script-local variable "s:count" to free up the memory it | |
| 194 uses. If you are not sure if the variable exists, and don't want an error | |
| 195 message when it doesn't, append !: > | |
| 196 | |
| 197 :unlet! s:count | |
| 198 | |
| 199 When a script finishes, the local variables used there will not be | |
| 200 automatically freed. The next time the script executes, it can still use the | |
| 201 old value. Example: > | |
| 202 | |
| 203 :if !exists("s:call_count") | |
| 204 : let s:call_count = 0 | |
| 205 :endif | |
| 206 :let s:call_count = s:call_count + 1 | |
| 207 :echo "called" s:call_count "times" | |
| 208 | |
| 209 The "exists()" function checks if a variable has already been defined. Its | |
| 210 argument is the name of the variable you want to check. Not the variable | |
| 211 itself! If you would do this: > | |
| 212 | |
| 213 :if !exists(s:call_count) | |
| 214 | |
| 215 Then the value of s:call_count will be used as the name of the variable that | |
| 216 exists() checks. That's not what you want. | |
| 217 The exclamation mark ! negates a value. When the value was true, it | |
| 218 becomes false. When it was false, it becomes true. You can read it as "not". | |
| 219 Thus "if !exists()" can be read as "if not exists()". | |
| 161 | 220 What Vim calls true is anything that is not zero. Zero is false. |
| 856 | 221 Note: |
| 161 | 222 Vim automatically converts a string to a number when it is looking for |
| 223 a number. When using a string that doesn't start with a digit the | |
| 224 resulting number is zero. Thus look out for this: > | |
| 225 :if "true" | |
| 226 < The "true" will be interpreted as a zero, thus as false! | |
| 7 | 227 |
| 228 | |
| 229 STRING VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS | |
| 230 | |
| 231 So far only numbers were used for the variable value. Strings can be used as | |
| 161 | 232 well. Numbers and strings are the basic types of variables that Vim supports. |
| 233 The type is dynamic, it is set each time when assigning a value to the | |
| 234 variable with ":let". More about types in |41.8|. | |
| 7 | 235 To assign a string value to a variable, you need to use a string constant. |
| 236 There are two types of these. First the string in double quotes: > | |
| 237 | |
| 238 :let name = "peter" | |
| 239 :echo name | |
| 240 < peter ~ | |
| 241 | |
| 242 If you want to include a double quote inside the string, put a backslash in | |
| 243 front of it: > | |
| 244 | |
| 245 :let name = "\"peter\"" | |
| 246 :echo name | |
| 247 < "peter" ~ | |
| 248 | |
| 249 To avoid the need for a backslash, you can use a string in single quotes: > | |
| 250 | |
| 251 :let name = '"peter"' | |
| 252 :echo name | |
| 253 < "peter" ~ | |
| 254 | |
| 161 | 255 Inside a single-quote string all the characters are as they are. Only the |
| 256 single quote itself is special: you need to use two to get one. A backslash | |
| 257 is taken literally, thus you can't use it to change the meaning of the | |
| 7 | 258 character after it. |
| 259 In double-quote strings it is possible to use special characters. Here are | |
| 260 a few useful ones: | |
| 261 | |
| 262 \t <Tab> | |
| 263 \n <NL>, line break | |
| 264 \r <CR>, <Enter> | |
| 265 \e <Esc> | |
| 266 \b <BS>, backspace | |
| 267 \" " | |
| 268 \\ \, backslash | |
| 269 \<Esc> <Esc> | |
| 270 \<C-W> CTRL-W | |
| 271 | |
| 272 The last two are just examples. The "\<name>" form can be used to include | |
| 273 the special key "name". | |
| 274 See |expr-quote| for the full list of special items in a string. | |
| 275 | |
| 276 ============================================================================== | |
| 277 *41.3* Expressions | |
| 278 | |
| 279 Vim has a rich, yet simple way to handle expressions. You can read the | |
| 280 definition here: |expression-syntax|. Here we will show the most common | |
| 281 items. | |
| 282 The numbers, strings and variables mentioned above are expressions by | |
| 283 themselves. Thus everywhere an expression is expected, you can use a number, | |
| 284 string or variable. Other basic items in an expression are: | |
| 285 | |
| 286 $NAME environment variable | |
| 287 &name option | |
| 288 @r register | |
| 289 | |
| 290 Examples: > | |
| 291 | |
| 292 :echo "The value of 'tabstop' is" &ts | |
| 293 :echo "Your home directory is" $HOME | |
| 294 :if @a > 5 | |
| 295 | |
| 296 The &name form can be used to save an option value, set it to a new value, | |
| 297 do something and restore the old value. Example: > | |
| 298 | |
| 299 :let save_ic = &ic | |
| 300 :set noic | |
| 301 :/The Start/,$delete | |
| 302 :let &ic = save_ic | |
| 303 | |
| 304 This makes sure the "The Start" pattern is used with the 'ignorecase' option | |
| 161 | 305 off. Still, it keeps the value that the user had set. (Another way to do |
| 306 this would be to add "\C" to the pattern, see |/\C|.) | |
| 7 | 307 |
| 308 | |
| 309 MATHEMATICS | |
| 310 | |
| 311 It becomes more interesting if we combine these basic items. Let's start with | |
| 312 mathematics on numbers: | |
| 313 | |
| 314 a + b add | |
| 315 a - b subtract | |
| 316 a * b multiply | |
| 317 a / b divide | |
| 318 a % b modulo | |
| 319 | |
| 320 The usual precedence is used. Example: > | |
| 321 | |
| 322 :echo 10 + 5 * 2 | |
| 323 < 20 ~ | |
| 324 | |
| 2709 | 325 Grouping is done with parentheses. No surprises here. Example: > |
| 7 | 326 |
| 327 :echo (10 + 5) * 2 | |
| 328 < 30 ~ | |
| 329 | |
| 22171 | 330 Strings can be concatenated with ".." (see |expr6|). Example: > |
| 331 | |
| 332 :echo "foo" .. "bar" | |
| 7 | 333 < foobar ~ |
| 334 | |
| 335 When the ":echo" command gets multiple arguments, it separates them with a | |
| 336 space. In the example the argument is a single expression, thus no space is | |
| 337 inserted. | |
| 338 | |
| 339 Borrowed from the C language is the conditional expression: | |
| 340 | |
| 341 a ? b : c | |
| 342 | |
| 343 If "a" evaluates to true "b" is used, otherwise "c" is used. Example: > | |
| 344 | |
| 345 :let i = 4 | |
| 346 :echo i > 5 ? "i is big" : "i is small" | |
| 347 < i is small ~ | |
| 348 | |
| 349 The three parts of the constructs are always evaluated first, thus you could | |
| 350 see it work as: | |
| 351 | |
| 352 (a) ? (b) : (c) | |
| 353 | |
| 354 ============================================================================== | |
| 355 *41.4* Conditionals | |
| 356 | |
| 357 The ":if" commands executes the following statements, until the matching | |
| 358 ":endif", only when a condition is met. The generic form is: | |
| 359 | |
| 360 :if {condition} | |
| 361 {statements} | |
| 362 :endif | |
| 363 | |
| 364 Only when the expression {condition} evaluates to true (non-zero) will the | |
| 365 {statements} be executed. These must still be valid commands. If they | |
| 366 contain garbage, Vim won't be able to find the ":endif". | |
| 367 You can also use ":else". The generic form for this is: | |
| 368 | |
| 369 :if {condition} | |
| 370 {statements} | |
| 371 :else | |
| 372 {statements} | |
| 373 :endif | |
| 374 | |
| 375 The second {statements} is only executed if the first one isn't. | |
| 376 Finally, there is ":elseif": | |
| 377 | |
| 378 :if {condition} | |
| 379 {statements} | |
| 380 :elseif {condition} | |
| 381 {statements} | |
| 382 :endif | |
| 383 | |
| 384 This works just like using ":else" and then "if", but without the need for an | |
| 385 extra ":endif". | |
| 386 A useful example for your vimrc file is checking the 'term' option and | |
| 387 doing something depending upon its value: > | |
| 388 | |
| 389 :if &term == "xterm" | |
| 390 : " Do stuff for xterm | |
| 391 :elseif &term == "vt100" | |
| 392 : " Do stuff for a vt100 terminal | |
| 393 :else | |
| 394 : " Do something for other terminals | |
| 395 :endif | |
| 396 | |
| 397 | |
| 398 LOGIC OPERATIONS | |
| 399 | |
| 400 We already used some of them in the examples. These are the most often used | |
| 401 ones: | |
| 402 | |
| 403 a == b equal to | |
| 404 a != b not equal to | |
| 405 a > b greater than | |
| 406 a >= b greater than or equal to | |
| 407 a < b less than | |
| 408 a <= b less than or equal to | |
| 409 | |
| 410 The result is one if the condition is met and zero otherwise. An example: > | |
| 411 | |
| 161 | 412 :if v:version >= 700 |
| 7 | 413 : echo "congratulations" |
| 414 :else | |
| 415 : echo "you are using an old version, upgrade!" | |
| 416 :endif | |
| 417 | |
| 418 Here "v:version" is a variable defined by Vim, which has the value of the Vim | |
| 419 version. 600 is for version 6.0. Version 6.1 has the value 601. This is | |
| 420 very useful to write a script that works with multiple versions of Vim. | |
| 421 |v:version| | |
| 422 | |
| 423 The logic operators work both for numbers and strings. When comparing two | |
| 424 strings, the mathematical difference is used. This compares byte values, | |
| 425 which may not be right for some languages. | |
| 426 When comparing a string with a number, the string is first converted to a | |
| 427 number. This is a bit tricky, because when a string doesn't look like a | |
| 428 number, the number zero is used. Example: > | |
| 429 | |
| 430 :if 0 == "one" | |
| 431 : echo "yes" | |
| 432 :endif | |
| 433 | |
| 434 This will echo "yes", because "one" doesn't look like a number, thus it is | |
| 435 converted to the number zero. | |
| 436 | |
| 437 For strings there are two more items: | |
| 438 | |
| 439 a =~ b matches with | |
| 440 a !~ b does not match with | |
| 441 | |
| 442 The left item "a" is used as a string. The right item "b" is used as a | |
| 443 pattern, like what's used for searching. Example: > | |
| 444 | |
| 445 :if str =~ " " | |
| 446 : echo "str contains a space" | |
| 447 :endif | |
| 448 :if str !~ '\.$' | |
| 449 : echo "str does not end in a full stop" | |
| 450 :endif | |
| 451 | |
| 452 Notice the use of a single-quote string for the pattern. This is useful, | |
| 161 | 453 because backslashes would need to be doubled in a double-quote string and |
| 454 patterns tend to contain many backslashes. | |
| 7 | 455 |
| 456 The 'ignorecase' option is used when comparing strings. When you don't want | |
| 457 that, append "#" to match case and "?" to ignore case. Thus "==?" compares | |
| 458 two strings to be equal while ignoring case. And "!~#" checks if a pattern | |
| 459 doesn't match, also checking the case of letters. For the full table see | |
| 460 |expr-==|. | |
| 461 | |
| 462 | |
| 463 MORE LOOPING | |
| 464 | |
| 465 The ":while" command was already mentioned. Two more statements can be used | |
| 466 in between the ":while" and the ":endwhile": | |
| 467 | |
| 468 :continue Jump back to the start of the while loop; the | |
| 469 loop continues. | |
| 470 :break Jump forward to the ":endwhile"; the loop is | |
| 471 discontinued. | |
| 472 | |
| 473 Example: > | |
| 474 | |
| 475 :while counter < 40 | |
| 476 : call do_something() | |
| 477 : if skip_flag | |
| 478 : continue | |
| 479 : endif | |
| 480 : if finished_flag | |
| 481 : break | |
| 482 : endif | |
| 483 : sleep 50m | |
| 484 :endwhile | |
| 485 | |
| 486 The ":sleep" command makes Vim take a nap. The "50m" specifies fifty | |
| 487 milliseconds. Another example is ":sleep 4", which sleeps for four seconds. | |
| 488 | |
| 161 | 489 Even more looping can be done with the ":for" command, see below in |41.8|. |
| 490 | |
| 7 | 491 ============================================================================== |
| 492 *41.5* Executing an expression | |
| 493 | |
| 494 So far the commands in the script were executed by Vim directly. The | |
| 495 ":execute" command allows executing the result of an expression. This is a | |
| 496 very powerful way to build commands and execute them. | |
| 497 An example is to jump to a tag, which is contained in a variable: > | |
| 498 | |
| 22171 | 499 :execute "tag " .. tag_name |
| 500 | |
| 501 The ".." is used to concatenate the string "tag " with the value of variable | |
| 7 | 502 "tag_name". Suppose "tag_name" has the value "get_cmd", then the command that |
| 503 will be executed is: > | |
| 504 | |
| 505 :tag get_cmd | |
| 506 | |
| 507 The ":execute" command can only execute colon commands. The ":normal" command | |
| 508 executes Normal mode commands. However, its argument is not an expression but | |
| 509 the literal command characters. Example: > | |
| 510 | |
| 511 :normal gg=G | |
| 512 | |
| 513 This jumps to the first line and formats all lines with the "=" operator. | |
| 514 To make ":normal" work with an expression, combine ":execute" with it. | |
| 515 Example: > | |
| 516 | |
| 22171 | 517 :execute "normal " .. normal_commands |
| 7 | 518 |
| 519 The variable "normal_commands" must contain the Normal mode commands. | |
| 520 Make sure that the argument for ":normal" is a complete command. Otherwise | |
| 521 Vim will run into the end of the argument and abort the command. For example, | |
| 522 if you start Insert mode, you must leave Insert mode as well. This works: > | |
| 523 | |
| 524 :execute "normal Inew text \<Esc>" | |
| 525 | |
| 526 This inserts "new text " in the current line. Notice the use of the special | |
| 527 key "\<Esc>". This avoids having to enter a real <Esc> character in your | |
| 528 script. | |
| 529 | |
| 161 | 530 If you don't want to execute a string but evaluate it to get its expression |
| 531 value, you can use the eval() function: > | |
| 532 | |
| 533 :let optname = "path" | |
| 22171 | 534 :let optval = eval('&' .. optname) |
| 161 | 535 |
| 536 A "&" character is prepended to "path", thus the argument to eval() is | |
| 537 "&path". The result will then be the value of the 'path' option. | |
| 538 The same thing can be done with: > | |
| 22171 | 539 :exe 'let optval = &' .. optname |
| 161 | 540 |
| 7 | 541 ============================================================================== |
| 542 *41.6* Using functions | |
| 543 | |
| 544 Vim defines many functions and provides a large amount of functionality that | |
| 545 way. A few examples will be given in this section. You can find the whole | |
| 546 list here: |functions|. | |
| 547 | |
| 548 A function is called with the ":call" command. The parameters are passed in | |
| 2709 | 549 between parentheses separated by commas. Example: > |
| 7 | 550 |
| 551 :call search("Date: ", "W") | |
| 552 | |
| 553 This calls the search() function, with arguments "Date: " and "W". The | |
| 554 search() function uses its first argument as a search pattern and the second | |
| 555 one as flags. The "W" flag means the search doesn't wrap around the end of | |
| 556 the file. | |
| 557 | |
| 558 A function can be called in an expression. Example: > | |
| 559 | |
| 560 :let line = getline(".") | |
| 561 :let repl = substitute(line, '\a', "*", "g") | |
| 562 :call setline(".", repl) | |
| 563 | |
| 161 | 564 The getline() function obtains a line from the current buffer. Its argument |
| 565 is a specification of the line number. In this case "." is used, which means | |
| 566 the line where the cursor is. | |
| 7 | 567 The substitute() function does something similar to the ":substitute" |
| 568 command. The first argument is the string on which to perform the | |
| 569 substitution. The second argument is the pattern, the third the replacement | |
| 570 string. Finally, the last arguments are the flags. | |
| 571 The setline() function sets the line, specified by the first argument, to a | |
| 572 new string, the second argument. In this example the line under the cursor is | |
| 573 replaced with the result of the substitute(). Thus the effect of the three | |
| 574 statements is equal to: > | |
| 575 | |
| 576 :substitute/\a/*/g | |
| 577 | |
| 578 Using the functions becomes more interesting when you do more work before and | |
| 579 after the substitute() call. | |
| 580 | |
| 581 | |
| 582 FUNCTIONS *function-list* | |
| 583 | |
| 584 There are many functions. We will mention them here, grouped by what they are | |
| 585 used for. You can find an alphabetical list here: |functions|. Use CTRL-] on | |
| 586 the function name to jump to detailed help on it. | |
| 587 | |
|
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588 String manipulation: *string-functions* |
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589 nr2char() get a character by its number value |
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590 list2str() get a character string from a list of numbers |
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591 char2nr() get number value of a character |
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592 str2list() get list of numbers from a string |
| 1620 | 593 str2nr() convert a string to a Number |
| 594 str2float() convert a string to a Float | |
| 824 | 595 printf() format a string according to % items |
| 7 | 596 escape() escape characters in a string with a '\' |
| 1620 | 597 shellescape() escape a string for use with a shell command |
| 598 fnameescape() escape a file name for use with a Vim command | |
| 824 | 599 tr() translate characters from one set to another |
| 7 | 600 strtrans() translate a string to make it printable |
| 601 tolower() turn a string to lowercase | |
| 602 toupper() turn a string to uppercase | |
|
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603 charclass() class of a character |
| 7 | 604 match() position where a pattern matches in a string |
| 605 matchend() position where a pattern match ends in a string | |
|
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606 matchfuzzy() fuzzy matches a string in a list of strings |
|
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607 matchfuzzypos() fuzzy matches a string in a list of strings |
| 7 | 608 matchstr() match of a pattern in a string |
|
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changeset
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609 matchstrpos() match and positions of a pattern in a string |
| 824 | 610 matchlist() like matchstr() and also return submatches |
| 7 | 611 stridx() first index of a short string in a long string |
| 612 strridx() last index of a short string in a long string | |
| 5618 | 613 strlen() length of a string in bytes |
| 614 strchars() length of a string in characters | |
| 615 strwidth() size of string when displayed | |
| 616 strdisplaywidth() size of string when displayed, deals with tabs | |
|
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617 setcellwidths() set character cell width overrides |
| 7 | 618 substitute() substitute a pattern match with a string |
| 2908 | 619 submatch() get a specific match in ":s" and substitute() |
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620 strpart() get part of a string using byte index |
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621 strcharpart() get part of a string using char index |
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622 strgetchar() get character from a string using char index |
| 7 | 623 expand() expand special keywords |
|
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|
624 expandcmd() expand a command like done for `:edit` |
| 7 | 625 iconv() convert text from one encoding to another |
| 824 | 626 byteidx() byte index of a character in a string |
| 5618 | 627 byteidxcomp() like byteidx() but count composing characters |
|
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628 charidx() character index of a byte in a string |
| 824 | 629 repeat() repeat a string multiple times |
| 630 eval() evaluate a string expression | |
|
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|
631 execute() execute an Ex command and get the output |
| 16871 | 632 win_execute() like execute() but in a specified window |
| 15068 | 633 trim() trim characters from a string |
|
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634 gettext() lookup message translation |
| 7 | 635 |
|
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636 List manipulation: *list-functions* |
| 112 | 637 get() get an item without error for wrong index |
| 638 len() number of items in a List | |
| 639 empty() check if List is empty | |
| 640 insert() insert an item somewhere in a List | |
| 641 add() append an item to a List | |
| 642 extend() append a List to a List | |
|
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643 extendnew() make a new List and append items |
| 112 | 644 remove() remove one or more items from a List |
| 645 copy() make a shallow copy of a List | |
| 646 deepcopy() make a full copy of a List | |
| 647 filter() remove selected items from a List | |
| 648 map() change each List item | |
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649 mapnew() make a new List with changed items |
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650 reduce() reduce a List to a value |
| 112 | 651 sort() sort a List |
| 652 reverse() reverse the order of a List | |
| 5763 | 653 uniq() remove copies of repeated adjacent items |
| 112 | 654 split() split a String into a List |
| 655 join() join List items into a String | |
| 824 | 656 range() return a List with a sequence of numbers |
| 112 | 657 string() String representation of a List |
| 658 call() call a function with List as arguments | |
| 323 | 659 index() index of a value in a List |
| 112 | 660 max() maximum value in a List |
| 661 min() minimum value in a List | |
| 662 count() count number of times a value appears in a List | |
| 824 | 663 repeat() repeat a List multiple times |
|
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664 flatten() flatten a List |
| 112 | 665 |
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666 Dictionary manipulation: *dict-functions* |
| 323 | 667 get() get an entry without an error for a wrong key |
| 112 | 668 len() number of entries in a Dictionary |
| 669 has_key() check whether a key appears in a Dictionary | |
| 670 empty() check if Dictionary is empty | |
| 671 remove() remove an entry from a Dictionary | |
| 672 extend() add entries from one Dictionary to another | |
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673 extendnew() make a new Dictionary and append items |
| 112 | 674 filter() remove selected entries from a Dictionary |
| 675 map() change each Dictionary entry | |
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676 mapnew() make a new Dictionary with changed items |
| 112 | 677 keys() get List of Dictionary keys |
| 678 values() get List of Dictionary values | |
| 679 items() get List of Dictionary key-value pairs | |
| 680 copy() make a shallow copy of a Dictionary | |
| 681 deepcopy() make a full copy of a Dictionary | |
| 682 string() String representation of a Dictionary | |
| 683 max() maximum value in a Dictionary | |
| 684 min() minimum value in a Dictionary | |
| 685 count() count number of times a value appears | |
| 686 | |
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687 Floating point computation: *float-functions* |
| 1620 | 688 float2nr() convert Float to Number |
| 689 abs() absolute value (also works for Number) | |
| 690 round() round off | |
| 691 ceil() round up | |
| 692 floor() round down | |
| 693 trunc() remove value after decimal point | |
| 5618 | 694 fmod() remainder of division |
| 695 exp() exponential | |
| 696 log() natural logarithm (logarithm to base e) | |
| 1620 | 697 log10() logarithm to base 10 |
| 698 pow() value of x to the exponent y | |
| 699 sqrt() square root | |
| 700 sin() sine | |
| 701 cos() cosine | |
| 2725 | 702 tan() tangent |
| 703 asin() arc sine | |
| 704 acos() arc cosine | |
| 1620 | 705 atan() arc tangent |
| 2725 | 706 atan2() arc tangent |
| 707 sinh() hyperbolic sine | |
| 708 cosh() hyperbolic cosine | |
| 709 tanh() hyperbolic tangent | |
|
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710 isinf() check for infinity |
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711 isnan() check for not a number |
| 1620 | 712 |
| 3237 | 713 Other computation: *bitwise-function* |
| 714 and() bitwise AND | |
| 715 invert() bitwise invert | |
| 716 or() bitwise OR | |
| 717 xor() bitwise XOR | |
| 5618 | 718 sha256() SHA-256 hash |
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719 rand() get a pseudo-random number |
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720 srand() initialize seed used by rand() |
| 3237 | 721 |
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722 Variables: *var-functions* |
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723 type() type of a variable as a number |
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724 typename() type of a variable as text |
| 824 | 725 islocked() check if a variable is locked |
| 11062 | 726 funcref() get a Funcref for a function reference |
| 824 | 727 function() get a Funcref for a function name |
| 728 getbufvar() get a variable value from a specific buffer | |
| 729 setbufvar() set a variable in a specific buffer | |
| 831 | 730 getwinvar() get a variable from specific window |
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731 gettabvar() get a variable from specific tab page |
| 831 | 732 gettabwinvar() get a variable from specific window & tab page |
| 824 | 733 setwinvar() set a variable in a specific window |
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734 settabvar() set a variable in a specific tab page |
| 831 | 735 settabwinvar() set a variable in a specific window & tab page |
| 824 | 736 garbagecollect() possibly free memory |
| 737 | |
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738 Cursor and mark position: *cursor-functions* *mark-functions* |
| 7 | 739 col() column number of the cursor or a mark |
| 740 virtcol() screen column of the cursor or a mark | |
| 741 line() line number of the cursor or mark | |
| 742 wincol() window column number of the cursor | |
| 743 winline() window line number of the cursor | |
| 744 cursor() position the cursor at a line/column | |
| 5618 | 745 screencol() get screen column of the cursor |
| 746 screenrow() get screen row of the cursor | |
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747 screenpos() screen row and col of a text character |
| 5968 | 748 getcurpos() get position of the cursor |
| 824 | 749 getpos() get position of cursor, mark, etc. |
| 750 setpos() set position of cursor, mark, etc. | |
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751 getmarklist() list of global/local marks |
| 824 | 752 byte2line() get line number at a specific byte count |
| 753 line2byte() byte count at a specific line | |
| 754 diff_filler() get the number of filler lines above a line | |
| 5618 | 755 screenattr() get attribute at a screen line/row |
| 756 screenchar() get character code at a screen line/row | |
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757 screenchars() get character codes at a screen line/row |
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758 screenstring() get string of characters at a screen line/row |
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759 charcol() character number of the cursor or a mark |
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760 getcharpos() get character position of cursor, mark, etc. |
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761 setcharpos() set character position of cursor, mark, etc. |
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762 getcursorcharpos() get character position of the cursor |
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763 setcursorcharpos() set character position of the cursor |
| 824 | 764 |
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765 Working with text in the current buffer: *text-functions* |
| 161 | 766 getline() get a line or list of lines from the buffer |
| 7 | 767 setline() replace a line in the buffer |
| 161 | 768 append() append line or list of lines in the buffer |
| 7 | 769 indent() indent of a specific line |
| 770 cindent() indent according to C indenting | |
| 771 lispindent() indent according to Lisp indenting | |
| 772 nextnonblank() find next non-blank line | |
| 773 prevnonblank() find previous non-blank line | |
| 774 search() find a match for a pattern | |
| 667 | 775 searchpos() find a match for a pattern |
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776 searchcount() get number of matches before/after the cursor |
| 7 | 777 searchpair() find the other end of a start/skip/end |
| 667 | 778 searchpairpos() find the other end of a start/skip/end |
| 824 | 779 searchdecl() search for the declaration of a name |
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780 getcharsearch() return character search information |
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781 setcharsearch() set character search information |
| 7 | 782 |
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783 Working with text in another buffer: |
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784 getbufline() get a list of lines from the specified buffer |
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785 setbufline() replace a line in the specified buffer |
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786 appendbufline() append a list of lines in the specified buffer |
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787 deletebufline() delete lines from a specified buffer |
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788 |
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789 *system-functions* *file-functions* |
| 7 | 790 System functions and manipulation of files: |
| 791 glob() expand wildcards | |
| 792 globpath() expand wildcards in a number of directories | |
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793 glob2regpat() convert a glob pattern into a search pattern |
| 824 | 794 findfile() find a file in a list of directories |
| 795 finddir() find a directory in a list of directories | |
| 7 | 796 resolve() find out where a shortcut points to |
| 797 fnamemodify() modify a file name | |
| 824 | 798 pathshorten() shorten directory names in a path |
| 799 simplify() simplify a path without changing its meaning | |
| 7 | 800 executable() check if an executable program exists |
| 5814 | 801 exepath() full path of an executable program |
| 7 | 802 filereadable() check if a file can be read |
| 803 filewritable() check if a file can be written to | |
| 824 | 804 getfperm() get the permissions of a file |
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805 setfperm() set the permissions of a file |
| 824 | 806 getftype() get the kind of a file |
| 7 | 807 isdirectory() check if a directory exists |
| 808 getfsize() get the size of a file | |
| 824 | 809 getcwd() get the current working directory |
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810 haslocaldir() check if current window used |:lcd| or |:tcd| |
| 7 | 811 tempname() get the name of a temporary file |
| 824 | 812 mkdir() create a new directory |
|
16576
bcc343175103
patch 8.1.1291: not easy to change directory and restore
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
16517
diff
changeset
|
813 chdir() change current working directory |
| 7 | 814 delete() delete a file |
| 815 rename() rename a file | |
| 5814 | 816 system() get the result of a shell command as a string |
| 817 systemlist() get the result of a shell command as a list | |
|
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1e0a5f09fdf1
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
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diff
changeset
|
818 environ() get all environment variables |
|
1e0a5f09fdf1
patch 8.1.1305: there is no easy way to manipulate environment variables
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
819 getenv() get one environment variable |
|
1e0a5f09fdf1
patch 8.1.1305: there is no easy way to manipulate environment variables
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
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changeset
|
820 setenv() set an environment variable |
| 7 | 821 hostname() name of the system |
| 158 | 822 readfile() read a file into a List of lines |
| 16267 | 823 readdir() get a List of file names in a directory |
|
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patch 8.2.0875: getting attributes for directory entries is slow
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parents:
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|
824 readdirex() get a List of file information in a directory |
| 15729 | 825 writefile() write a List of lines or Blob into a file |
| 7 | 826 |
|
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diff
changeset
|
827 Date and Time: *date-functions* *time-functions* |
| 824 | 828 getftime() get last modification time of a file |
| 829 localtime() get current time in seconds | |
| 830 strftime() convert time to a string | |
|
18669
9007e9896303
patch 8.1.2326: cannot parse a date/time string
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
831 strptime() convert a date/time string to time |
| 824 | 832 reltime() get the current or elapsed time accurately |
| 833 reltimestr() convert reltime() result to a string | |
|
8876
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/03413f44167c4b5cd0012def9bb331e2518c83cf
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|
834 reltimefloat() convert reltime() result to a Float |
| 824 | 835 |
|
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6f63294a1781
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diff
changeset
|
836 *buffer-functions* *window-functions* *arg-functions* |
| 7 | 837 Buffers, windows and the argument list: |
| 838 argc() number of entries in the argument list | |
| 839 argidx() current position in the argument list | |
| 5942 | 840 arglistid() get id of the argument list |
| 7 | 841 argv() get one entry from the argument list |
|
17257
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patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
17020
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changeset
|
842 bufadd() add a file to the list of buffers |
| 7 | 843 bufexists() check if a buffer exists |
| 844 buflisted() check if a buffer exists and is listed | |
|
17257
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patch 8.1.1628: popup window functions not in list of functions
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parents:
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changeset
|
845 bufload() ensure a buffer is loaded |
| 7 | 846 bufloaded() check if a buffer exists and is loaded |
| 847 bufname() get the name of a specific buffer | |
| 848 bufnr() get the buffer number of a specific buffer | |
| 824 | 849 tabpagebuflist() return List of buffers in a tab page |
| 850 tabpagenr() get the number of a tab page | |
| 851 tabpagewinnr() like winnr() for a specified tab page | |
| 7 | 852 winnr() get the window number for the current window |
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diff
changeset
|
853 bufwinid() get the window ID of a specific buffer |
| 7 | 854 bufwinnr() get the window number of a specific buffer |
| 855 winbufnr() get the buffer number of a specific window | |
|
16638
4790302965fc
patch 8.1.1321: no docs or tests for listener functions
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
856 listener_add() add a callback to listen to changes |
| 16808 | 857 listener_flush() invoke listener callbacks |
|
16638
4790302965fc
patch 8.1.1321: no docs or tests for listener functions
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
858 listener_remove() remove a listener callback |
|
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changeset
|
859 win_findbuf() find windows containing a buffer |
|
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changeset
|
860 win_getid() get window ID of a window |
|
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|
861 win_gettype() get type of window |
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|
862 win_gotoid() go to window with ID |
|
64035abb986b
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|
863 win_id2tabwin() get tab and window nr from window ID |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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|
864 win_id2win() get window nr from window ID |
|
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changeset
|
865 win_splitmove() move window to a split of another window |
|
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|
866 getbufinfo() get a list with buffer information |
|
3e96d9ed2ca1
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|
867 gettabinfo() get a list with tab page information |
|
3e96d9ed2ca1
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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|
868 getwininfo() get a list with window information |
|
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changeset
|
869 getchangelist() get a list of change list entries |
|
13246
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patch 8.0.1497: getting the jump list requires parsing the output of :jumps
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changeset
|
870 getjumplist() get a list of jump list entries |
| 14637 | 871 swapinfo() information about a swap file |
| 15068 | 872 swapname() get the swap file path of a buffer |
| 824 | 873 |
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changeset
|
874 Command line: *command-line-functions* |
| 824 | 875 getcmdline() get the current command line |
| 876 getcmdpos() get position of the cursor in the command line | |
| 877 setcmdpos() set position of the cursor in the command line | |
| 878 getcmdtype() return the current command-line type | |
| 6153 | 879 getcmdwintype() return the current command-line window type |
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|
880 getcompletion() list of command-line completion matches |
| 824 | 881 |
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|
882 Quickfix and location lists: *quickfix-functions* |
| 824 | 883 getqflist() list of quickfix errors |
| 884 setqflist() modify a quickfix list | |
| 885 getloclist() list of location list items | |
| 886 setloclist() modify a location list | |
| 887 | |
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|
888 Insert mode completion: *completion-functions* |
| 824 | 889 complete() set found matches |
| 890 complete_add() add to found matches | |
| 891 complete_check() check if completion should be aborted | |
|
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changeset
|
892 complete_info() get current completion information |
| 824 | 893 pumvisible() check if the popup menu is displayed |
| 18186 | 894 pum_getpos() position and size of popup menu if visible |
| 7 | 895 |
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896 Folding: *folding-functions* |
| 7 | 897 foldclosed() check for a closed fold at a specific line |
| 898 foldclosedend() like foldclosed() but return the last line | |
| 899 foldlevel() check for the fold level at a specific line | |
| 900 foldtext() generate the line displayed for a closed fold | |
| 824 | 901 foldtextresult() get the text displayed for a closed fold |
| 902 | |
|
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|
903 Syntax and highlighting: *syntax-functions* *highlighting-functions* |
| 1326 | 904 clearmatches() clear all matches defined by |matchadd()| and |
| 905 the |:match| commands | |
| 906 getmatches() get all matches defined by |matchadd()| and | |
| 907 the |:match| commands | |
| 7 | 908 hlexists() check if a highlight group exists |
| 909 hlID() get ID of a highlight group | |
| 910 synID() get syntax ID at a specific position | |
| 911 synIDattr() get a specific attribute of a syntax ID | |
| 912 synIDtrans() get translated syntax ID | |
| 2642 | 913 synstack() get list of syntax IDs at a specific position |
| 2662 | 914 synconcealed() get info about concealing |
| 824 | 915 diff_hlID() get highlight ID for diff mode at a position |
| 1326 | 916 matchadd() define a pattern to highlight (a "match") |
| 5979 | 917 matchaddpos() define a list of positions to highlight |
| 824 | 918 matcharg() get info about |:match| arguments |
| 1326 | 919 matchdelete() delete a match defined by |matchadd()| or a |
| 920 |:match| command | |
| 921 setmatches() restore a list of matches saved by | |
| 922 |getmatches()| | |
| 824 | 923 |
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924 Spelling: *spell-functions* |
| 824 | 925 spellbadword() locate badly spelled word at or after cursor |
| 926 spellsuggest() return suggested spelling corrections | |
| 927 soundfold() return the sound-a-like equivalent of a word | |
| 7 | 928 |
|
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changeset
|
929 History: *history-functions* |
| 7 | 930 histadd() add an item to a history |
| 931 histdel() delete an item from a history | |
| 932 histget() get an item from a history | |
| 933 histnr() get highest index of a history list | |
| 934 | |
|
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changeset
|
935 Interactive: *interactive-functions* |
| 824 | 936 browse() put up a file requester |
| 937 browsedir() put up a directory requester | |
| 7 | 938 confirm() let the user make a choice |
| 939 getchar() get a character from the user | |
| 940 getcharmod() get modifiers for the last typed character | |
| 18639 | 941 getmousepos() get last known mouse position |
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changeset
|
942 echoraw() output characters as-is |
| 1620 | 943 feedkeys() put characters in the typeahead queue |
| 7 | 944 input() get a line from the user |
| 824 | 945 inputlist() let the user pick an entry from a list |
| 7 | 946 inputsecret() get a line from the user without showing it |
| 947 inputdialog() get a line from the user in a dialog | |
| 230 | 948 inputsave() save and clear typeahead |
| 7 | 949 inputrestore() restore typeahead |
| 950 | |
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951 GUI: *gui-functions* |
| 824 | 952 getfontname() get name of current font being used |
| 13437 | 953 getwinpos() position of the Vim window |
| 954 getwinposx() X position of the Vim window | |
| 955 getwinposy() Y position of the Vim window | |
| 11062 | 956 balloon_show() set the balloon content |
| 12909 | 957 balloon_split() split a message for a balloon |
|
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|
958 balloon_gettext() get the text in the balloon |
| 824 | 959 |
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960 Vim server: *server-functions* |
| 7 | 961 serverlist() return the list of server names |
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12756
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
962 remote_startserver() run a server |
| 7 | 963 remote_send() send command characters to a Vim server |
| 964 remote_expr() evaluate an expression in a Vim server | |
| 965 server2client() send a reply to a client of a Vim server | |
| 966 remote_peek() check if there is a reply from a Vim server | |
| 967 remote_read() read a reply from a Vim server | |
| 968 foreground() move the Vim window to the foreground | |
| 969 remote_foreground() move the Vim server window to the foreground | |
| 970 | |
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971 Window size and position: *window-size-functions* |
| 824 | 972 winheight() get height of a specific window |
| 973 winwidth() get width of a specific window | |
| 13051 | 974 win_screenpos() get screen position of a window |
| 15068 | 975 winlayout() get layout of windows in a tab page |
| 824 | 976 winrestcmd() return command to restore window sizes |
| 977 winsaveview() get view of current window | |
| 978 winrestview() restore saved view of current window | |
| 979 | |
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980 Mappings and Menus: *mapping-functions* |
| 4159 | 981 hasmapto() check if a mapping exists |
| 982 mapcheck() check if a matching mapping exists | |
| 983 maparg() get rhs of a mapping | |
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984 mapset() restore a mapping |
|
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985 menu_info() get information about a menu item |
| 4159 | 986 wildmenumode() check if the wildmode is active |
| 987 | |
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988 Testing: *test-functions* |
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989 assert_equal() assert that two expressions values are equal |
| 15068 | 990 assert_equalfile() assert that two file contents are equal |
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991 assert_notequal() assert that two expressions values are not equal |
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992 assert_inrange() assert that an expression is inside a range |
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993 assert_match() assert that a pattern matches the value |
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994 assert_notmatch() assert that a pattern does not match the value |
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995 assert_false() assert that an expression is false |
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996 assert_true() assert that an expression is true |
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997 assert_exception() assert that a command throws an exception |
|
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998 assert_beeps() assert that a command beeps |
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999 assert_fails() assert that a command fails |
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1000 assert_report() report a test failure |
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1001 test_alloc_fail() make memory allocation fail |
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1002 test_autochdir() enable 'autochdir' during startup |
| 11160 | 1003 test_override() test with Vim internal overrides |
| 1004 test_garbagecollect_now() free memory right now | |
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1005 test_garbagecollect_soon() set a flag to free memory soon |
| 16808 | 1006 test_getvalue() get value of an internal variable |
| 11062 | 1007 test_ignore_error() ignore a specific error message |
| 15729 | 1008 test_null_blob() return a null Blob |
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1009 test_null_channel() return a null Channel |
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1010 test_null_dict() return a null Dict |
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1011 test_null_function() return a null Funcref |
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1012 test_null_job() return a null Job |
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1013 test_null_list() return a null List |
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1014 test_null_partial() return a null Partial function |
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1015 test_null_string() return a null String |
| 11062 | 1016 test_settime() set the time Vim uses internally |
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1017 test_setmouse() set the mouse position |
| 15068 | 1018 test_feedinput() add key sequence to input buffer |
| 1019 test_option_not_set() reset flag indicating option was set | |
| 1020 test_scrollbar() simulate scrollbar movement in the GUI | |
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1021 test_refcount() return an expression's reference count |
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1022 test_srand_seed() set the seed value for srand() |
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1023 test_unknown() return a value with unknown type |
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1024 test_void() return a value with void type |
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1025 |
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1026 Inter-process communication: *channel-functions* |
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1027 ch_canread() check if there is something to read |
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1028 ch_open() open a channel |
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1029 ch_close() close a channel |
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1030 ch_close_in() close the in part of a channel |
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1031 ch_read() read a message from a channel |
| 15512 | 1032 ch_readblob() read a Blob from a channel |
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1033 ch_readraw() read a raw message from a channel |
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1034 ch_sendexpr() send a JSON message over a channel |
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1035 ch_sendraw() send a raw message over a channel |
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1036 ch_evalexpr() evaluate an expression over channel |
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1037 ch_evalraw() evaluate a raw string over channel |
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1038 ch_status() get status of a channel |
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1039 ch_getbufnr() get the buffer number of a channel |
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1040 ch_getjob() get the job associated with a channel |
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1041 ch_info() get channel information |
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1042 ch_log() write a message in the channel log file |
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1043 ch_logfile() set the channel log file |
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1044 ch_setoptions() set the options for a channel |
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1045 json_encode() encode an expression to a JSON string |
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1046 json_decode() decode a JSON string to Vim types |
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1047 js_encode() encode an expression to a JSON string |
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1048 js_decode() decode a JSON string to Vim types |
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1049 |
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1050 Jobs: *job-functions* |
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1051 job_start() start a job |
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1052 job_stop() stop a job |
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1053 job_status() get the status of a job |
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1054 job_getchannel() get the channel used by a job |
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1055 job_info() get information about a job |
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1056 job_setoptions() set options for a job |
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1057 |
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1058 Signs: *sign-functions* |
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1059 sign_define() define or update a sign |
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1060 sign_getdefined() get a list of defined signs |
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1061 sign_getplaced() get a list of placed signs |
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1062 sign_jump() jump to a sign |
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1063 sign_place() place a sign |
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1064 sign_placelist() place a list of signs |
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1065 sign_undefine() undefine a sign |
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1066 sign_unplace() unplace a sign |
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1067 sign_unplacelist() unplace a list of signs |
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1068 |
| 12254 | 1069 Terminal window: *terminal-functions* |
| 1070 term_start() open a terminal window and run a job | |
| 1071 term_list() get the list of terminal buffers | |
| 1072 term_sendkeys() send keystrokes to a terminal | |
| 1073 term_wait() wait for screen to be updated | |
| 1074 term_getjob() get the job associated with a terminal | |
| 1075 term_scrape() get row of a terminal screen | |
| 1076 term_getline() get a line of text from a terminal | |
| 1077 term_getattr() get the value of attribute {what} | |
| 1078 term_getcursor() get the cursor position of a terminal | |
| 1079 term_getscrolled() get the scroll count of a terminal | |
| 1080 term_getaltscreen() get the alternate screen flag | |
| 1081 term_getsize() get the size of a terminal | |
| 1082 term_getstatus() get the status of a terminal | |
| 1083 term_gettitle() get the title of a terminal | |
| 1084 term_gettty() get the tty name of a terminal | |
| 13735 | 1085 term_setansicolors() set 16 ANSI colors, used for GUI |
| 1086 term_getansicolors() get 16 ANSI colors, used for GUI | |
| 15068 | 1087 term_dumpdiff() display difference between two screen dumps |
| 1088 term_dumpload() load a terminal screen dump in a window | |
| 1089 term_dumpwrite() dump contents of a terminal screen to a file | |
| 1090 term_setkill() set signal to stop job in a terminal | |
| 1091 term_setrestore() set command to restore a terminal | |
| 1092 term_setsize() set the size of a terminal | |
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1093 term_setapi() set terminal JSON API function name prefix |
| 12254 | 1094 |
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1095 Popup window: *popup-window-functions* |
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1096 popup_create() create popup centered in the screen |
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1097 popup_atcursor() create popup just above the cursor position, |
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1098 closes when the cursor moves away |
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1099 popup_beval() at the position indicated by v:beval_ |
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1100 variables, closes when the mouse moves away |
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1101 popup_notification() show a notification for three seconds |
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1102 popup_dialog() create popup centered with padding and border |
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1103 popup_menu() prompt for selecting an item from a list |
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1104 popup_hide() hide a popup temporarily |
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1105 popup_show() show a previously hidden popup |
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1106 popup_move() change the position and size of a popup |
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1107 popup_setoptions() override options of a popup |
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1108 popup_settext() replace the popup buffer contents |
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1109 popup_close() close one popup |
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1110 popup_clear() close all popups |
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1111 popup_filter_menu() select from a list of items |
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1112 popup_filter_yesno() block until 'y' or 'n' is pressed |
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1113 popup_getoptions() get current options for a popup |
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1114 popup_getpos() get actual position and size of a popup |
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1115 popup_findinfo() get window ID for popup info window |
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1116 popup_findpreview() get window ID for popup preview window |
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1117 popup_list() get list of all popup window IDs |
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1118 popup_locate() get popup window ID from its screen position |
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1119 |
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1120 Timers: *timer-functions* |
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1121 timer_start() create a timer |
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1122 timer_pause() pause or unpause a timer |
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1123 timer_stop() stop a timer |
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1124 timer_stopall() stop all timers |
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1125 timer_info() get information about timers |
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1126 |
| 15068 | 1127 Tags: *tag-functions* |
| 1128 taglist() get list of matching tags | |
| 1129 tagfiles() get a list of tags files | |
| 1130 gettagstack() get the tag stack of a window | |
| 1131 settagstack() modify the tag stack of a window | |
| 1132 | |
| 1133 Prompt Buffer: *promptbuffer-functions* | |
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1134 prompt_getprompt() get the effective prompt text for a buffer |
| 15068 | 1135 prompt_setcallback() set prompt callback for a buffer |
| 1136 prompt_setinterrupt() set interrupt callback for a buffer | |
| 1137 prompt_setprompt() set the prompt text for a buffer | |
| 1138 | |
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1139 Text Properties: *text-property-functions* |
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1140 prop_add() attach a property at a position |
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1141 prop_clear() remove all properties from a line or lines |
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1142 prop_find() search for a property |
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1143 prop_list() return a list of all properties in a line |
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1144 prop_remove() remove a property from a line |
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1145 prop_type_add() add/define a property type |
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1146 prop_type_change() change properties of a type |
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1147 prop_type_delete() remove a text property type |
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1148 prop_type_get() return the properties of a type |
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1149 prop_type_list() return a list of all property types |
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1150 |
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1151 Sound: *sound-functions* |
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1152 sound_clear() stop playing all sounds |
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1153 sound_playevent() play an event's sound |
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1154 sound_playfile() play a sound file |
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1155 sound_stop() stop playing a sound |
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1156 |
|
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1157 Various: *various-functions* |
| 7 | 1158 mode() get current editing mode |
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1159 state() get current busy state |
| 7 | 1160 visualmode() last visual mode used |
| 1161 exists() check if a variable, function, etc. exists | |
| 1162 has() check if a feature is supported in Vim | |
| 824 | 1163 changenr() return number of most recent change |
| 7 | 1164 cscope_connection() check if a cscope connection exists |
| 1165 did_filetype() check if a FileType autocommand was used | |
| 1166 eventhandler() check if invoked by an event handler | |
| 1620 | 1167 getpid() get process ID of Vim |
|
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1168 getimstatus() check if IME status is active |
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1169 interrupt() interrupt script execution |
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1170 windowsversion() get MS-Windows version |
|
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1171 terminalprops() properties of the terminal |
| 824 | 1172 |
| 7 | 1173 libcall() call a function in an external library |
| 1174 libcallnr() idem, returning a number | |
| 824 | 1175 |
| 5618 | 1176 undofile() get the name of the undo file |
| 1177 undotree() return the state of the undo tree | |
| 1178 | |
| 7 | 1179 getreg() get contents of a register |
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1180 getreginfo() get information about a register |
| 7 | 1181 getregtype() get type of a register |
| 1182 setreg() set contents and type of a register | |
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1183 reg_executing() return the name of the register being executed |
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1184 reg_recording() return the name of the register being recorded |
| 824 | 1185 |
| 5618 | 1186 shiftwidth() effective value of 'shiftwidth' |
| 1187 | |
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1188 wordcount() get byte/word/char count of buffer |
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1189 |
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1190 luaeval() evaluate |Lua| expression |
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1191 mzeval() evaluate |MzScheme| expression |
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1192 perleval() evaluate Perl expression (|+perl|) |
| 5618 | 1193 py3eval() evaluate Python expression (|+python3|) |
| 1194 pyeval() evaluate Python expression (|+python|) | |
| 10734 | 1195 pyxeval() evaluate |python_x| expression |
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1196 rubyeval() evaluate |Ruby| expression |
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1197 |
| 15194 | 1198 debugbreak() interrupt a program being debugged |
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1199 |
| 7 | 1200 ============================================================================== |
| 1201 *41.7* Defining a function | |
| 1202 | |
| 1203 Vim enables you to define your own functions. The basic function declaration | |
| 1204 begins as follows: > | |
| 1205 | |
| 1206 :function {name}({var1}, {var2}, ...) | |
| 1207 : {body} | |
| 1208 :endfunction | |
| 1209 < | |
| 1210 Note: | |
| 1211 Function names must begin with a capital letter. | |
| 1212 | |
| 1213 Let's define a short function to return the smaller of two numbers. It starts | |
| 1214 with this line: > | |
| 1215 | |
| 1216 :function Min(num1, num2) | |
| 1217 | |
| 1218 This tells Vim that the function is named "Min" and it takes two arguments: | |
| 1219 "num1" and "num2". | |
| 1220 The first thing you need to do is to check to see which number is smaller: | |
| 1221 > | |
| 1222 : if a:num1 < a:num2 | |
| 1223 | |
| 1224 The special prefix "a:" tells Vim that the variable is a function argument. | |
| 1225 Let's assign the variable "smaller" the value of the smallest number: > | |
| 1226 | |
| 1227 : if a:num1 < a:num2 | |
| 1228 : let smaller = a:num1 | |
| 1229 : else | |
| 1230 : let smaller = a:num2 | |
| 1231 : endif | |
| 1232 | |
| 1233 The variable "smaller" is a local variable. Variables used inside a function | |
| 1234 are local unless prefixed by something like "g:", "a:", or "s:". | |
| 1235 | |
| 1236 Note: | |
| 1237 To access a global variable from inside a function you must prepend | |
| 1620 | 1238 "g:" to it. Thus "g:today" inside a function is used for the global |
| 1239 variable "today", and "today" is another variable, local to the | |
| 7 | 1240 function. |
| 1241 | |
| 1242 You now use the ":return" statement to return the smallest number to the user. | |
| 1243 Finally, you end the function: > | |
| 1244 | |
| 1245 : return smaller | |
| 1246 :endfunction | |
| 1247 | |
| 1248 The complete function definition is as follows: > | |
| 1249 | |
| 1250 :function Min(num1, num2) | |
| 1251 : if a:num1 < a:num2 | |
| 1252 : let smaller = a:num1 | |
| 1253 : else | |
| 1254 : let smaller = a:num2 | |
| 1255 : endif | |
| 1256 : return smaller | |
| 1257 :endfunction | |
| 1258 | |
| 161 | 1259 For people who like short functions, this does the same thing: > |
| 1260 | |
| 1261 :function Min(num1, num2) | |
| 1262 : if a:num1 < a:num2 | |
| 1263 : return a:num1 | |
| 1264 : endif | |
| 1265 : return a:num2 | |
| 1266 :endfunction | |
| 1267 | |
| 681 | 1268 A user defined function is called in exactly the same way as a built-in |
| 7 | 1269 function. Only the name is different. The Min function can be used like |
| 1270 this: > | |
| 1271 | |
| 1272 :echo Min(5, 8) | |
| 1273 | |
| 1274 Only now will the function be executed and the lines be interpreted by Vim. | |
| 1275 If there are mistakes, like using an undefined variable or function, you will | |
| 1276 now get an error message. When defining the function these errors are not | |
| 1277 detected. | |
| 1278 | |
| 1279 When a function reaches ":endfunction" or ":return" is used without an | |
| 1280 argument, the function returns zero. | |
| 1281 | |
| 1282 To redefine a function that already exists, use the ! for the ":function" | |
| 1283 command: > | |
| 1284 | |
| 1285 :function! Min(num1, num2, num3) | |
| 1286 | |
| 1287 | |
| 1288 USING A RANGE | |
| 1289 | |
| 1290 The ":call" command can be given a line range. This can have one of two | |
| 1291 meanings. When a function has been defined with the "range" keyword, it will | |
| 1292 take care of the line range itself. | |
| 1293 The function will be passed the variables "a:firstline" and "a:lastline". | |
| 1294 These will have the line numbers from the range the function was called with. | |
| 1295 Example: > | |
| 1296 | |
| 1297 :function Count_words() range | |
| 1620 | 1298 : let lnum = a:firstline |
| 1299 : let n = 0 | |
| 1300 : while lnum <= a:lastline | |
| 1301 : let n = n + len(split(getline(lnum))) | |
| 1302 : let lnum = lnum + 1 | |
| 7 | 1303 : endwhile |
| 22171 | 1304 : echo "found " .. n .. " words" |
| 7 | 1305 :endfunction |
| 1306 | |
| 1307 You can call this function with: > | |
| 1308 | |
| 1309 :10,30call Count_words() | |
| 1310 | |
| 1311 It will be executed once and echo the number of words. | |
| 1312 The other way to use a line range is by defining a function without the | |
| 1313 "range" keyword. The function will be called once for every line in the | |
| 1314 range, with the cursor in that line. Example: > | |
| 1315 | |
| 1316 :function Number() | |
| 22171 | 1317 : echo "line " .. line(".") .. " contains: " .. getline(".") |
| 7 | 1318 :endfunction |
| 1319 | |
| 1320 If you call this function with: > | |
| 1321 | |
| 1322 :10,15call Number() | |
| 1323 | |
| 1324 The function will be called six times. | |
| 1325 | |
| 1326 | |
| 1327 VARIABLE NUMBER OF ARGUMENTS | |
| 1328 | |
| 1329 Vim enables you to define functions that have a variable number of arguments. | |
| 1330 The following command, for instance, defines a function that must have 1 | |
| 1331 argument (start) and can have up to 20 additional arguments: > | |
| 1332 | |
| 1333 :function Show(start, ...) | |
| 1334 | |
| 1335 The variable "a:1" contains the first optional argument, "a:2" the second, and | |
| 1336 so on. The variable "a:0" contains the number of extra arguments. | |
| 1337 For example: > | |
| 1338 | |
| 1339 :function Show(start, ...) | |
| 1340 : echohl Title | |
| 22171 | 1341 : echo "start is " .. a:start |
| 7 | 1342 : echohl None |
| 1343 : let index = 1 | |
| 1344 : while index <= a:0 | |
| 22171 | 1345 : echo " Arg " .. index .. " is " .. a:{index} |
| 7 | 1346 : let index = index + 1 |
| 1347 : endwhile | |
| 1348 : echo "" | |
| 1349 :endfunction | |
| 1350 | |
| 1351 This uses the ":echohl" command to specify the highlighting used for the | |
| 1352 following ":echo" command. ":echohl None" stops it again. The ":echon" | |
| 1353 command works like ":echo", but doesn't output a line break. | |
| 1354 | |
| 161 | 1355 You can also use the a:000 variable, it is a List of all the "..." arguments. |
| 1356 See |a:000|. | |
| 1357 | |
| 7 | 1358 |
| 1359 LISTING FUNCTIONS | |
| 1360 | |
| 1361 The ":function" command lists the names and arguments of all user-defined | |
| 1362 functions: > | |
| 1363 | |
| 1364 :function | |
| 1365 < function Show(start, ...) ~ | |
| 1366 function GetVimIndent() ~ | |
| 1367 function SetSyn(name) ~ | |
| 1368 | |
| 1369 To see what a function does, use its name as an argument for ":function": > | |
| 1370 | |
| 1371 :function SetSyn | |
| 1372 < 1 if &syntax == '' ~ | |
| 1373 2 let &syntax = a:name ~ | |
| 1374 3 endif ~ | |
| 1375 endfunction ~ | |
| 1376 | |
| 1377 | |
| 1378 DEBUGGING | |
| 1379 | |
| 1380 The line number is useful for when you get an error message or when debugging. | |
| 1381 See |debug-scripts| about debugging mode. | |
| 1382 You can also set the 'verbose' option to 12 or higher to see all function | |
| 1383 calls. Set it to 15 or higher to see every executed line. | |
| 1384 | |
| 1385 | |
| 1386 DELETING A FUNCTION | |
| 1387 | |
| 1388 To delete the Show() function: > | |
| 1389 | |
| 1390 :delfunction Show | |
| 1391 | |
| 1392 You get an error when the function doesn't exist. | |
| 1393 | |
| 161 | 1394 |
| 1395 FUNCTION REFERENCES | |
| 1396 | |
| 1397 Sometimes it can be useful to have a variable point to one function or | |
| 1398 another. You can do it with the function() function. It turns the name of a | |
| 1399 function into a reference: > | |
| 1400 | |
| 1401 :let result = 0 " or 1 | |
| 1402 :function! Right() | |
| 1403 : return 'Right!' | |
| 1404 :endfunc | |
| 1405 :function! Wrong() | |
| 1406 : return 'Wrong!' | |
| 1407 :endfunc | |
| 1408 : | |
| 1409 :if result == 1 | |
| 1410 : let Afunc = function('Right') | |
| 1411 :else | |
| 1412 : let Afunc = function('Wrong') | |
| 1413 :endif | |
| 1414 :echo call(Afunc, []) | |
| 1415 < Wrong! ~ | |
| 1416 | |
| 1417 Note that the name of a variable that holds a function reference must start | |
| 1418 with a capital. Otherwise it could be confused with the name of a builtin | |
| 1419 function. | |
| 1420 The way to invoke a function that a variable refers to is with the call() | |
| 1421 function. Its first argument is the function reference, the second argument | |
| 1422 is a List with arguments. | |
| 1423 | |
| 1424 Function references are most useful in combination with a Dictionary, as is | |
| 1425 explained in the next section. | |
| 1426 | |
| 7 | 1427 ============================================================================== |
| 161 | 1428 *41.8* Lists and Dictionaries |
| 1429 | |
| 1430 So far we have used the basic types String and Number. Vim also supports two | |
| 1431 composite types: List and Dictionary. | |
| 1432 | |
| 1433 A List is an ordered sequence of things. The things can be any kind of value, | |
| 1434 thus you can make a List of numbers, a List of Lists and even a List of mixed | |
| 1435 items. To create a List with three strings: > | |
| 1436 | |
| 856 | 1437 :let alist = ['aap', 'mies', 'noot'] |
| 161 | 1438 |
| 1439 The List items are enclosed in square brackets and separated by commas. To | |
| 1440 create an empty List: > | |
| 1441 | |
| 856 | 1442 :let alist = [] |
| 161 | 1443 |
| 1444 You can add items to a List with the add() function: > | |
| 1445 | |
| 856 | 1446 :let alist = [] |
| 161 | 1447 :call add(alist, 'foo') |
| 1448 :call add(alist, 'bar') | |
| 1449 :echo alist | |
| 1450 < ['foo', 'bar'] ~ | |
| 1451 | |
| 1452 List concatenation is done with +: > | |
| 1453 | |
| 1454 :echo alist + ['foo', 'bar'] | |
| 1455 < ['foo', 'bar', 'foo', 'bar'] ~ | |
| 1456 | |
| 1457 Or, if you want to extend a List directly: > | |
| 1458 | |
| 856 | 1459 :let alist = ['one'] |
| 161 | 1460 :call extend(alist, ['two', 'three']) |
| 1461 :echo alist | |
| 1462 < ['one', 'two', 'three'] ~ | |
| 1463 | |
| 1464 Notice that using add() will have a different effect: > | |
| 1465 | |
| 856 | 1466 :let alist = ['one'] |
| 161 | 1467 :call add(alist, ['two', 'three']) |
| 1468 :echo alist | |
| 1469 < ['one', ['two', 'three']] ~ | |
| 1470 | |
| 1471 The second argument of add() is added as a single item. | |
| 1472 | |
| 1473 | |
| 1474 FOR LOOP | |
| 1475 | |
| 1476 One of the nice things you can do with a List is iterate over it: > | |
| 1477 | |
| 1478 :let alist = ['one', 'two', 'three'] | |
| 1479 :for n in alist | |
| 1480 : echo n | |
| 1481 :endfor | |
| 1482 < one ~ | |
| 1483 two ~ | |
| 1484 three ~ | |
| 1485 | |
| 1486 This will loop over each element in List "alist", assigning the value to | |
| 1487 variable "n". The generic form of a for loop is: > | |
| 1488 | |
| 1489 :for {varname} in {listexpression} | |
| 1490 : {commands} | |
| 1491 :endfor | |
| 1492 | |
| 1493 To loop a certain number of times you need a List of a specific length. The | |
| 1494 range() function creates one for you: > | |
| 1495 | |
| 1496 :for a in range(3) | |
| 1497 : echo a | |
| 1498 :endfor | |
| 1499 < 0 ~ | |
| 1500 1 ~ | |
| 1501 2 ~ | |
| 1502 | |
| 1503 Notice that the first item of the List that range() produces is zero, thus the | |
| 1504 last item is one less than the length of the list. | |
| 1505 You can also specify the maximum value, the stride and even go backwards: > | |
| 1506 | |
| 1507 :for a in range(8, 4, -2) | |
| 1508 : echo a | |
| 1509 :endfor | |
| 1510 < 8 ~ | |
| 1511 6 ~ | |
| 1512 4 ~ | |
| 1513 | |
| 1514 A more useful example, looping over lines in the buffer: > | |
| 1515 | |
| 856 | 1516 :for line in getline(1, 20) |
| 1517 : if line =~ "Date: " | |
| 1518 : echo matchstr(line, 'Date: \zs.*') | |
| 1519 : endif | |
| 1520 :endfor | |
| 161 | 1521 |
| 1522 This looks into lines 1 to 20 (inclusive) and echoes any date found in there. | |
| 1523 | |
| 1524 | |
| 1525 DICTIONARIES | |
| 1526 | |
| 1527 A Dictionary stores key-value pairs. You can quickly lookup a value if you | |
| 1528 know the key. A Dictionary is created with curly braces: > | |
| 856 | 1529 |
| 161 | 1530 :let uk2nl = {'one': 'een', 'two': 'twee', 'three': 'drie'} |
| 1531 | |
| 164 | 1532 Now you can lookup words by putting the key in square brackets: > |
| 161 | 1533 |
| 1534 :echo uk2nl['two'] | |
| 1535 < twee ~ | |
| 1536 | |
| 1537 The generic form for defining a Dictionary is: > | |
| 1538 | |
| 1539 {<key> : <value>, ...} | |
| 1540 | |
| 1541 An empty Dictionary is one without any keys: > | |
| 1542 | |
| 1543 {} | |
| 1544 | |
| 1545 The possibilities with Dictionaries are numerous. There are various functions | |
| 1546 for them as well. For example, you can obtain a list of the keys and loop | |
| 1547 over them: > | |
| 1548 | |
| 1549 :for key in keys(uk2nl) | |
| 1550 : echo key | |
| 1551 :endfor | |
| 1552 < three ~ | |
| 1553 one ~ | |
| 1554 two ~ | |
| 1555 | |
| 1620 | 1556 You will notice the keys are not ordered. You can sort the list to get a |
| 161 | 1557 specific order: > |
| 1558 | |
| 1559 :for key in sort(keys(uk2nl)) | |
| 1560 : echo key | |
| 1561 :endfor | |
| 1562 < one ~ | |
| 1563 three ~ | |
| 1564 two ~ | |
| 1565 | |
| 1566 But you can never get back the order in which items are defined. For that you | |
| 1567 need to use a List, it stores items in an ordered sequence. | |
| 1568 | |
| 1569 | |
| 1570 DICTIONARY FUNCTIONS | |
| 1571 | |
| 1572 The items in a Dictionary can normally be obtained with an index in square | |
| 1573 brackets: > | |
| 1574 | |
| 1575 :echo uk2nl['one'] | |
| 1576 < een ~ | |
| 1577 | |
| 1578 A method that does the same, but without so many punctuation characters: > | |
| 1579 | |
| 1580 :echo uk2nl.one | |
| 1581 < een ~ | |
| 1582 | |
| 1583 This only works for a key that is made of ASCII letters, digits and the | |
| 1584 underscore. You can also assign a new value this way: > | |
| 1585 | |
| 1586 :let uk2nl.four = 'vier' | |
| 1587 :echo uk2nl | |
| 1588 < {'three': 'drie', 'four': 'vier', 'one': 'een', 'two': 'twee'} ~ | |
| 1589 | |
| 1590 And now for something special: you can directly define a function and store a | |
| 1591 reference to it in the dictionary: > | |
| 1592 | |
| 1593 :function uk2nl.translate(line) dict | |
| 1594 : return join(map(split(a:line), 'get(self, v:val, "???")')) | |
| 1595 :endfunction | |
| 1596 | |
| 1597 Let's first try it out: > | |
| 1598 | |
| 1599 :echo uk2nl.translate('three two five one') | |
| 1600 < drie twee ??? een ~ | |
| 1601 | |
| 1602 The first special thing you notice is the "dict" at the end of the ":function" | |
| 1603 line. This marks the function as being used from a Dictionary. The "self" | |
| 1604 local variable will then refer to that Dictionary. | |
| 1605 Now let's break up the complicated return command: > | |
| 1606 | |
| 1607 split(a:line) | |
| 1608 | |
| 2709 | 1609 The split() function takes a string, chops it into whitespace separated words |
| 161 | 1610 and returns a list with these words. Thus in the example it returns: > |
| 1611 | |
| 1612 :echo split('three two five one') | |
| 1613 < ['three', 'two', 'five', 'one'] ~ | |
| 1614 | |
| 1615 This list is the first argument to the map() function. This will go through | |
| 1616 the list, evaluating its second argument with "v:val" set to the value of each | |
| 1617 item. This is a shortcut to using a for loop. This command: > | |
| 1618 | |
| 1619 :let alist = map(split(a:line), 'get(self, v:val, "???")') | |
| 1620 | |
| 1621 Is equivalent to: > | |
| 1622 | |
| 1623 :let alist = split(a:line) | |
| 1624 :for idx in range(len(alist)) | |
| 1625 : let alist[idx] = get(self, alist[idx], "???") | |
| 1626 :endfor | |
| 1627 | |
| 1628 The get() function checks if a key is present in a Dictionary. If it is, then | |
| 1629 the value is retrieved. If it isn't, then the default value is returned, in | |
| 164 | 1630 the example it's '???'. This is a convenient way to handle situations where a |
| 161 | 1631 key may not be present and you don't want an error message. |
| 1632 | |
| 1633 The join() function does the opposite of split(): it joins together a list of | |
| 1634 words, putting a space in between. | |
| 1635 This combination of split(), map() and join() is a nice way to filter a line | |
| 1636 of words in a very compact way. | |
| 1637 | |
| 1638 | |
| 1639 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING | |
| 1640 | |
| 1641 Now that you can put both values and functions in a Dictionary, you can | |
| 1642 actually use a Dictionary like an object. | |
| 1643 Above we used a Dictionary for translating Dutch to English. We might want | |
| 1644 to do the same for other languages. Let's first make an object (aka | |
| 1645 Dictionary) that has the translate function, but no words to translate: > | |
| 1646 | |
| 1647 :let transdict = {} | |
| 1648 :function transdict.translate(line) dict | |
| 1649 : return join(map(split(a:line), 'get(self.words, v:val, "???")')) | |
| 1650 :endfunction | |
| 1651 | |
| 1652 It's slightly different from the function above, using 'self.words' to lookup | |
| 1653 word translations. But we don't have a self.words. Thus you could call this | |
| 1654 an abstract class. | |
| 1655 | |
| 1656 Now we can instantiate a Dutch translation object: > | |
| 1657 | |
| 1658 :let uk2nl = copy(transdict) | |
| 1659 :let uk2nl.words = {'one': 'een', 'two': 'twee', 'three': 'drie'} | |
| 1660 :echo uk2nl.translate('three one') | |
| 1661 < drie een ~ | |
| 1662 | |
| 1663 And a German translator: > | |
| 1664 | |
| 1665 :let uk2de = copy(transdict) | |
|
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1666 :let uk2de.words = {'one': 'eins', 'two': 'zwei', 'three': 'drei'} |
| 161 | 1667 :echo uk2de.translate('three one') |
|
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1668 < drei eins ~ |
| 161 | 1669 |
| 1670 You see that the copy() function is used to make a copy of the "transdict" | |
| 1671 Dictionary and then the copy is changed to add the words. The original | |
| 1672 remains the same, of course. | |
| 1673 | |
| 1674 Now you can go one step further, and use your preferred translator: > | |
| 1675 | |
| 1676 :if $LANG =~ "de" | |
| 1677 : let trans = uk2de | |
| 1678 :else | |
| 1679 : let trans = uk2nl | |
| 1680 :endif | |
| 1681 :echo trans.translate('one two three') | |
| 1682 < een twee drie ~ | |
| 1683 | |
| 1684 Here "trans" refers to one of the two objects (Dictionaries). No copy is | |
| 1685 made. More about List and Dictionary identity can be found at |list-identity| | |
| 1686 and |dict-identity|. | |
| 1687 | |
| 1688 Now you might use a language that isn't supported. You can overrule the | |
| 1689 translate() function to do nothing: > | |
| 1690 | |
| 1691 :let uk2uk = copy(transdict) | |
| 1692 :function! uk2uk.translate(line) | |
| 1693 : return a:line | |
| 1694 :endfunction | |
| 1695 :echo uk2uk.translate('three one wladiwostok') | |
| 1696 < three one wladiwostok ~ | |
| 1697 | |
| 1698 Notice that a ! was used to overwrite the existing function reference. Now | |
| 1699 use "uk2uk" when no recognized language is found: > | |
| 1700 | |
| 1701 :if $LANG =~ "de" | |
| 1702 : let trans = uk2de | |
| 1703 :elseif $LANG =~ "nl" | |
| 1704 : let trans = uk2nl | |
| 1705 :else | |
| 1706 : let trans = uk2uk | |
| 1707 :endif | |
| 1708 :echo trans.translate('one two three') | |
| 1709 < one two three ~ | |
| 1710 | |
| 1711 For further reading see |Lists| and |Dictionaries|. | |
| 1712 | |
| 1713 ============================================================================== | |
| 1714 *41.9* Exceptions | |
| 7 | 1715 |
| 1716 Let's start with an example: > | |
| 1717 | |
| 1718 :try | |
| 1719 : read ~/templates/pascal.tmpl | |
| 1720 :catch /E484:/ | |
| 1721 : echo "Sorry, the Pascal template file cannot be found." | |
| 1722 :endtry | |
| 1723 | |
| 1724 The ":read" command will fail if the file does not exist. Instead of | |
| 1725 generating an error message, this code catches the error and gives the user a | |
| 2709 | 1726 nice message. |
| 7 | 1727 |
| 1728 For the commands in between ":try" and ":endtry" errors are turned into | |
| 1729 exceptions. An exception is a string. In the case of an error the string | |
| 1730 contains the error message. And every error message has a number. In this | |
| 1731 case, the error we catch contains "E484:". This number is guaranteed to stay | |
| 1732 the same (the text may change, e.g., it may be translated). | |
| 1733 | |
| 1734 When the ":read" command causes another error, the pattern "E484:" will not | |
| 1735 match in it. Thus this exception will not be caught and result in the usual | |
| 1736 error message. | |
| 1737 | |
| 1738 You might be tempted to do this: > | |
| 1739 | |
| 1740 :try | |
| 1741 : read ~/templates/pascal.tmpl | |
| 1742 :catch | |
| 1743 : echo "Sorry, the Pascal template file cannot be found." | |
| 1744 :endtry | |
| 1745 | |
| 1746 This means all errors are caught. But then you will not see errors that are | |
| 1747 useful, such as "E21: Cannot make changes, 'modifiable' is off". | |
| 1748 | |
| 1749 Another useful mechanism is the ":finally" command: > | |
| 1750 | |
| 1751 :let tmp = tempname() | |
| 1752 :try | |
| 22171 | 1753 : exe ".,$write " .. tmp |
| 1754 : exe "!filter " .. tmp | |
| 7 | 1755 : .,$delete |
| 22171 | 1756 : exe "$read " .. tmp |
| 7 | 1757 :finally |
| 1758 : call delete(tmp) | |
| 1759 :endtry | |
| 1760 | |
| 1761 This filters the lines from the cursor until the end of the file through the | |
| 1762 "filter" command, which takes a file name argument. No matter if the | |
| 1763 filtering works, something goes wrong in between ":try" and ":finally" or the | |
| 1764 user cancels the filtering by pressing CTRL-C, the "call delete(tmp)" is | |
| 1765 always executed. This makes sure you don't leave the temporary file behind. | |
| 1766 | |
| 1767 More information about exception handling can be found in the reference | |
| 1768 manual: |exception-handling|. | |
| 1769 | |
| 1770 ============================================================================== | |
| 161 | 1771 *41.10* Various remarks |
| 7 | 1772 |
| 1773 Here is a summary of items that apply to Vim scripts. They are also mentioned | |
| 1774 elsewhere, but form a nice checklist. | |
| 1775 | |
| 1776 The end-of-line character depends on the system. For Unix a single <NL> | |
| 23305 | 1777 character is used. For MS-Windows and the like, <CR><NL> is used. This is |
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1778 important when using mappings that end in a <CR>. See |:source_crnl|. |
| 7 | 1779 |
| 1780 | |
| 1781 WHITE SPACE | |
| 1782 | |
| 1783 Blank lines are allowed and ignored. | |
| 1784 | |
| 1785 Leading whitespace characters (blanks and TABs) are always ignored. The | |
| 11062 | 1786 whitespaces between parameters (e.g. between the "set" and the "cpoptions" in |
| 7 | 1787 the example below) are reduced to one blank character and plays the role of a |
| 1788 separator, the whitespaces after the last (visible) character may or may not | |
| 1789 be ignored depending on the situation, see below. | |
| 1790 | |
| 1791 For a ":set" command involving the "=" (equal) sign, such as in: > | |
| 1792 | |
| 1793 :set cpoptions =aABceFst | |
| 1794 | |
| 1795 the whitespace immediately before the "=" sign is ignored. But there can be | |
| 1796 no whitespace after the "=" sign! | |
| 1797 | |
| 1798 To include a whitespace character in the value of an option, it must be | |
| 1799 escaped by a "\" (backslash) as in the following example: > | |
| 1800 | |
| 1801 :set tags=my\ nice\ file | |
| 1802 | |
| 2709 | 1803 The same example written as: > |
| 7 | 1804 |
| 1805 :set tags=my nice file | |
| 1806 | |
| 1807 will issue an error, because it is interpreted as: > | |
| 1808 | |
| 1809 :set tags=my | |
| 1810 :set nice | |
| 1811 :set file | |
| 1812 | |
| 1813 | |
| 1814 COMMENTS | |
| 1815 | |
| 1816 The character " (the double quote mark) starts a comment. Everything after | |
| 1817 and including this character until the end-of-line is considered a comment and | |
| 1818 is ignored, except for commands that don't consider comments, as shown in | |
| 1819 examples below. A comment can start on any character position on the line. | |
| 1820 | |
| 1821 There is a little "catch" with comments for some commands. Examples: > | |
| 1822 | |
| 1823 :abbrev dev development " shorthand | |
| 1824 :map <F3> o#include " insert include | |
| 1825 :execute cmd " do it | |
| 1826 :!ls *.c " list C files | |
| 1827 | |
| 1828 The abbreviation 'dev' will be expanded to 'development " shorthand'. The | |
| 1829 mapping of <F3> will actually be the whole line after the 'o# ....' including | |
| 1830 the '" insert include'. The "execute" command will give an error. The "!" | |
| 1831 command will send everything after it to the shell, causing an error for an | |
| 1832 unmatched '"' character. | |
| 1833 There can be no comment after ":map", ":abbreviate", ":execute" and "!" | |
| 1834 commands (there are a few more commands with this restriction). For the | |
| 1835 ":map", ":abbreviate" and ":execute" commands there is a trick: > | |
| 1836 | |
| 1837 :abbrev dev development|" shorthand | |
| 1838 :map <F3> o#include|" insert include | |
| 1839 :execute cmd |" do it | |
| 1840 | |
| 1841 With the '|' character the command is separated from the next one. And that | |
| 1146 | 1842 next command is only a comment. For the last command you need to do two |
| 1843 things: |:execute| and use '|': > | |
| 1844 :exe '!ls *.c' |" list C files | |
| 7 | 1845 |
| 1846 Notice that there is no white space before the '|' in the abbreviation and | |
| 1847 mapping. For these commands, any character until the end-of-line or '|' is | |
| 1848 included. As a consequence of this behavior, you don't always see that | |
| 1849 trailing whitespace is included: > | |
| 1850 | |
| 1851 :map <F4> o#include | |
| 1852 | |
| 1146 | 1853 To spot these problems, you can set the 'list' option when editing vimrc |
| 7 | 1854 files. |
| 1855 | |
| 1146 | 1856 For Unix there is one special way to comment a line, that allows making a Vim |
| 1857 script executable: > | |
| 1858 #!/usr/bin/env vim -S | |
| 1859 echo "this is a Vim script" | |
| 1860 quit | |
| 1861 | |
| 1862 The "#" command by itself lists a line with the line number. Adding an | |
| 1863 exclamation mark changes it into doing nothing, so that you can add the shell | |
| 1864 command to execute the rest of the file. |:#!| |-S| | |
| 1865 | |
| 7 | 1866 |
| 1867 PITFALLS | |
| 1868 | |
| 1869 Even bigger problem arises in the following example: > | |
| 1870 | |
| 1871 :map ,ab o#include | |
| 1872 :unmap ,ab | |
| 1873 | |
| 1874 Here the unmap command will not work, because it tries to unmap ",ab ". This | |
| 1875 does not exist as a mapped sequence. An error will be issued, which is very | |
| 1876 hard to identify, because the ending whitespace character in ":unmap ,ab " is | |
| 1877 not visible. | |
| 1878 | |
| 1879 And this is the same as what happens when one uses a comment after an 'unmap' | |
| 1880 command: > | |
| 1881 | |
| 1882 :unmap ,ab " comment | |
| 1883 | |
| 1884 Here the comment part will be ignored. However, Vim will try to unmap | |
| 1885 ',ab ', which does not exist. Rewrite it as: > | |
| 1886 | |
| 1887 :unmap ,ab| " comment | |
| 1888 | |
| 1889 | |
| 1890 RESTORING THE VIEW | |
| 1891 | |
| 3893 | 1892 Sometimes you want to make a change and go back to where the cursor was. |
| 7 | 1893 Restoring the relative position would also be nice, so that the same line |
| 1894 appears at the top of the window. | |
| 1895 This example yanks the current line, puts it above the first line in the | |
| 1896 file and then restores the view: > | |
| 1897 | |
| 1898 map ,p ma"aYHmbgg"aP`bzt`a | |
| 1899 | |
| 1900 What this does: > | |
| 1901 ma"aYHmbgg"aP`bzt`a | |
| 1902 < ma set mark a at cursor position | |
| 1903 "aY yank current line into register a | |
| 1904 Hmb go to top line in window and set mark b there | |
| 1905 gg go to first line in file | |
| 1906 "aP put the yanked line above it | |
| 1907 `b go back to top line in display | |
| 1908 zt position the text in the window as before | |
| 1909 `a go back to saved cursor position | |
| 1910 | |
| 1911 | |
| 1912 PACKAGING | |
| 1913 | |
| 1914 To avoid your function names to interfere with functions that you get from | |
| 1915 others, use this scheme: | |
| 1916 - Prepend a unique string before each function name. I often use an | |
| 1917 abbreviation. For example, "OW_" is used for the option window functions. | |
| 1918 - Put the definition of your functions together in a file. Set a global | |
| 1919 variable to indicate that the functions have been loaded. When sourcing the | |
| 1920 file again, first unload the functions. | |
| 1921 Example: > | |
| 1922 | |
| 1923 " This is the XXX package | |
| 1924 | |
| 1925 if exists("XXX_loaded") | |
| 1926 delfun XXX_one | |
| 1927 delfun XXX_two | |
| 1928 endif | |
| 1929 | |
| 1930 function XXX_one(a) | |
| 1931 ... body of function ... | |
| 1932 endfun | |
| 1933 | |
| 1934 function XXX_two(b) | |
| 1935 ... body of function ... | |
| 1936 endfun | |
| 1937 | |
| 1938 let XXX_loaded = 1 | |
| 1939 | |
| 1940 ============================================================================== | |
| 161 | 1941 *41.11* Writing a plugin *write-plugin* |
| 7 | 1942 |
| 1943 You can write a Vim script in such a way that many people can use it. This is | |
| 1944 called a plugin. Vim users can drop your script in their plugin directory and | |
| 1945 use its features right away |add-plugin|. | |
| 1946 | |
| 1947 There are actually two types of plugins: | |
| 1948 | |
| 1949 global plugins: For all types of files. | |
| 1950 filetype plugins: Only for files of a specific type. | |
| 1951 | |
| 1952 In this section the first type is explained. Most items are also relevant for | |
| 1953 writing filetype plugins. The specifics for filetype plugins are in the next | |
| 1954 section |write-filetype-plugin|. | |
| 1955 | |
| 1956 | |
| 1957 NAME | |
| 1958 | |
| 1959 First of all you must choose a name for your plugin. The features provided | |
| 1960 by the plugin should be clear from its name. And it should be unlikely that | |
| 1961 someone else writes a plugin with the same name but which does something | |
| 1962 different. And please limit the name to 8 characters, to avoid problems on | |
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1963 old MS-Windows systems. |
| 7 | 1964 |
| 1965 A script that corrects typing mistakes could be called "typecorr.vim". We | |
| 1966 will use it here as an example. | |
| 1967 | |
| 1968 For the plugin to work for everybody, it should follow a few guidelines. This | |
| 1969 will be explained step-by-step. The complete example plugin is at the end. | |
| 1970 | |
| 1971 | |
| 1972 BODY | |
| 1973 | |
| 1974 Let's start with the body of the plugin, the lines that do the actual work: > | |
| 1975 | |
| 1976 14 iabbrev teh the | |
| 1977 15 iabbrev otehr other | |
| 1978 16 iabbrev wnat want | |
| 1979 17 iabbrev synchronisation | |
| 1980 18 \ synchronization | |
| 1981 19 let s:count = 4 | |
| 1982 | |
| 1983 The actual list should be much longer, of course. | |
| 1984 | |
| 1985 The line numbers have only been added to explain a few things, don't put them | |
| 1986 in your plugin file! | |
| 1987 | |
| 1988 | |
| 1989 HEADER | |
| 1990 | |
| 1991 You will probably add new corrections to the plugin and soon have several | |
| 3830 | 1992 versions lying around. And when distributing this file, people will want to |
| 7 | 1993 know who wrote this wonderful plugin and where they can send remarks. |
| 1994 Therefore, put a header at the top of your plugin: > | |
| 1995 | |
| 1996 1 " Vim global plugin for correcting typing mistakes | |
| 1997 2 " Last Change: 2000 Oct 15 | |
| 1998 3 " Maintainer: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> | |
| 1999 | |
| 2000 About copyright and licensing: Since plugins are very useful and it's hardly | |
| 2001 worth restricting their distribution, please consider making your plugin | |
| 2002 either public domain or use the Vim |license|. A short note about this near | |
| 2003 the top of the plugin should be sufficient. Example: > | |
| 2004 | |
| 2005 4 " License: This file is placed in the public domain. | |
| 2006 | |
| 2007 | |
| 2008 LINE CONTINUATION, AVOIDING SIDE EFFECTS *use-cpo-save* | |
| 2009 | |
| 2010 In line 18 above, the line-continuation mechanism is used |line-continuation|. | |
| 2011 Users with 'compatible' set will run into trouble here, they will get an error | |
| 2012 message. We can't just reset 'compatible', because that has a lot of side | |
| 2013 effects. To avoid this, we will set the 'cpoptions' option to its Vim default | |
| 2014 value and restore it later. That will allow the use of line-continuation and | |
| 2015 make the script work for most people. It is done like this: > | |
| 2016 | |
| 2017 11 let s:save_cpo = &cpo | |
| 2018 12 set cpo&vim | |
| 2019 .. | |
| 2020 42 let &cpo = s:save_cpo | |
| 3445 | 2021 43 unlet s:save_cpo |
| 7 | 2022 |
| 2023 We first store the old value of 'cpoptions' in the s:save_cpo variable. At | |
| 2024 the end of the plugin this value is restored. | |
| 2025 | |
| 2026 Notice that a script-local variable is used |s:var|. A global variable could | |
| 2027 already be in use for something else. Always use script-local variables for | |
| 2028 things that are only used in the script. | |
| 2029 | |
| 2030 | |
| 2031 NOT LOADING | |
| 2032 | |
| 2033 It's possible that a user doesn't always want to load this plugin. Or the | |
| 2034 system administrator has dropped it in the system-wide plugin directory, but a | |
| 2035 user has his own plugin he wants to use. Then the user must have a chance to | |
| 2036 disable loading this specific plugin. This will make it possible: > | |
| 2037 | |
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2038 6 if exists("g:loaded_typecorr") |
| 7 | 2039 7 finish |
| 2040 8 endif | |
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2041 9 let g:loaded_typecorr = 1 |
| 7 | 2042 |
| 2043 This also avoids that when the script is loaded twice it would cause error | |
| 2044 messages for redefining functions and cause trouble for autocommands that are | |
| 2045 added twice. | |
| 2046 | |
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2047 The name is recommended to start with "loaded_" and then the file name of the |
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2048 plugin, literally. The "g:" is prepended just to avoid mistakes when using |
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2049 the variable in a function (without "g:" it would be a variable local to the |
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2050 function). |
|
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2051 |
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|
2052 Using "finish" stops Vim from reading the rest of the file, it's much quicker |
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|
2053 than using if-endif around the whole file. |
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|
2054 |
| 7 | 2055 |
| 2056 MAPPING | |
| 2057 | |
| 2058 Now let's make the plugin more interesting: We will add a mapping that adds a | |
| 2059 correction for the word under the cursor. We could just pick a key sequence | |
| 2060 for this mapping, but the user might already use it for something else. To | |
| 2061 allow the user to define which keys a mapping in a plugin uses, the <Leader> | |
| 2062 item can be used: > | |
| 2063 | |
| 21825 | 2064 22 map <unique> <Leader>a <Plug>TypecorrAdd; |
| 2065 | |
| 2066 The "<Plug>TypecorrAdd;" thing will do the work, more about that further on. | |
| 7 | 2067 |
| 2068 The user can set the "mapleader" variable to the key sequence that he wants | |
| 2069 this mapping to start with. Thus if the user has done: > | |
| 2070 | |
| 2071 let mapleader = "_" | |
| 2072 | |
| 2073 the mapping will define "_a". If the user didn't do this, the default value | |
| 2074 will be used, which is a backslash. Then a map for "\a" will be defined. | |
| 2075 | |
| 2076 Note that <unique> is used, this will cause an error message if the mapping | |
| 2077 already happened to exist. |:map-<unique>| | |
| 2078 | |
| 2079 But what if the user wants to define his own key sequence? We can allow that | |
| 2080 with this mechanism: > | |
| 2081 | |
| 21825 | 2082 21 if !hasmapto('<Plug>TypecorrAdd;') |
| 2083 22 map <unique> <Leader>a <Plug>TypecorrAdd; | |
| 7 | 2084 23 endif |
| 2085 | |
| 21991 | 2086 This checks if a mapping to "<Plug>TypecorrAdd;" already exists, and only |
| 7 | 2087 defines the mapping from "<Leader>a" if it doesn't. The user then has a |
| 2088 chance of putting this in his vimrc file: > | |
| 2089 | |
| 21825 | 2090 map ,c <Plug>TypecorrAdd; |
| 7 | 2091 |
| 2092 Then the mapped key sequence will be ",c" instead of "_a" or "\a". | |
| 2093 | |
| 2094 | |
| 2095 PIECES | |
| 2096 | |
| 2097 If a script gets longer, you often want to break up the work in pieces. You | |
| 2098 can use functions or mappings for this. But you don't want these functions | |
| 2099 and mappings to interfere with the ones from other scripts. For example, you | |
| 2100 could define a function Add(), but another script could try to define the same | |
| 2101 function. To avoid this, we define the function local to the script by | |
| 2102 prepending it with "s:". | |
| 2103 | |
| 2104 We will define a function that adds a new typing correction: > | |
| 2105 | |
| 2106 30 function s:Add(from, correct) | |
| 22171 | 2107 31 let to = input("type the correction for " .. a:from .. ": ") |
| 2108 32 exe ":iabbrev " .. a:from .. " " .. to | |
| 7 | 2109 .. |
| 2110 36 endfunction | |
| 2111 | |
| 2112 Now we can call the function s:Add() from within this script. If another | |
| 2113 script also defines s:Add(), it will be local to that script and can only | |
| 2114 be called from the script it was defined in. There can also be a global Add() | |
| 2115 function (without the "s:"), which is again another function. | |
| 2116 | |
| 2117 <SID> can be used with mappings. It generates a script ID, which identifies | |
| 2118 the current script. In our typing correction plugin we use it like this: > | |
| 2119 | |
| 21825 | 2120 24 noremap <unique> <script> <Plug>TypecorrAdd; <SID>Add |
| 7 | 2121 .. |
| 2122 28 noremap <SID>Add :call <SID>Add(expand("<cword>"), 1)<CR> | |
| 2123 | |
| 2124 Thus when a user types "\a", this sequence is invoked: > | |
| 2125 | |
| 21825 | 2126 \a -> <Plug>TypecorrAdd; -> <SID>Add -> :call <SID>Add() |
| 2127 | |
| 2128 If another script also maps <SID>Add, it will get another script ID and | |
| 7 | 2129 thus define another mapping. |
| 2130 | |
| 2131 Note that instead of s:Add() we use <SID>Add() here. That is because the | |
| 2132 mapping is typed by the user, thus outside of the script. The <SID> is | |
| 2133 translated to the script ID, so that Vim knows in which script to look for | |
| 2134 the Add() function. | |
| 2135 | |
| 2136 This is a bit complicated, but it's required for the plugin to work together | |
| 2137 with other plugins. The basic rule is that you use <SID>Add() in mappings and | |
| 2138 s:Add() in other places (the script itself, autocommands, user commands). | |
| 2139 | |
| 2140 We can also add a menu entry to do the same as the mapping: > | |
| 2141 | |
| 2142 26 noremenu <script> Plugin.Add\ Correction <SID>Add | |
| 2143 | |
| 2144 The "Plugin" menu is recommended for adding menu items for plugins. In this | |
| 2145 case only one item is used. When adding more items, creating a submenu is | |
| 2146 recommended. For example, "Plugin.CVS" could be used for a plugin that offers | |
| 2147 CVS operations "Plugin.CVS.checkin", "Plugin.CVS.checkout", etc. | |
| 2148 | |
| 2149 Note that in line 28 ":noremap" is used to avoid that any other mappings cause | |
| 2150 trouble. Someone may have remapped ":call", for example. In line 24 we also | |
| 2151 use ":noremap", but we do want "<SID>Add" to be remapped. This is why | |
| 2152 "<script>" is used here. This only allows mappings which are local to the | |
| 2153 script. |:map-<script>| The same is done in line 26 for ":noremenu". | |
| 2154 |:menu-<script>| | |
| 2155 | |
| 2156 | |
| 2157 <SID> AND <Plug> *using-<Plug>* | |
| 2158 | |
| 2159 Both <SID> and <Plug> are used to avoid that mappings of typed keys interfere | |
| 2160 with mappings that are only to be used from other mappings. Note the | |
| 2161 difference between using <SID> and <Plug>: | |
| 2162 | |
| 2163 <Plug> is visible outside of the script. It is used for mappings which the | |
| 2164 user might want to map a key sequence to. <Plug> is a special code | |
| 2165 that a typed key will never produce. | |
| 2166 To make it very unlikely that other plugins use the same sequence of | |
| 2167 characters, use this structure: <Plug> scriptname mapname | |
| 2168 In our example the scriptname is "Typecorr" and the mapname is "Add". | |
| 21825 | 2169 We add a semicolon as the terminator. This results in |
| 2170 "<Plug>TypecorrAdd;". Only the first character of scriptname and | |
| 2171 mapname is uppercase, so that we can see where mapname starts. | |
| 7 | 2172 |
| 2173 <SID> is the script ID, a unique identifier for a script. | |
| 2174 Internally Vim translates <SID> to "<SNR>123_", where "123" can be any | |
| 2175 number. Thus a function "<SID>Add()" will have a name "<SNR>11_Add()" | |
| 2176 in one script, and "<SNR>22_Add()" in another. You can see this if | |
| 2177 you use the ":function" command to get a list of functions. The | |
| 2178 translation of <SID> in mappings is exactly the same, that's how you | |
| 2179 can call a script-local function from a mapping. | |
| 2180 | |
| 2181 | |
| 2182 USER COMMAND | |
| 2183 | |
| 2184 Now let's add a user command to add a correction: > | |
| 2185 | |
| 2186 38 if !exists(":Correct") | |
| 2187 39 command -nargs=1 Correct :call s:Add(<q-args>, 0) | |
| 2188 40 endif | |
| 2189 | |
| 2190 The user command is defined only if no command with the same name already | |
| 2191 exists. Otherwise we would get an error here. Overriding the existing user | |
| 2192 command with ":command!" is not a good idea, this would probably make the user | |
| 2193 wonder why the command he defined himself doesn't work. |:command| | |
| 2194 | |
| 2195 | |
| 2196 SCRIPT VARIABLES | |
| 2197 | |
| 2198 When a variable starts with "s:" it is a script variable. It can only be used | |
| 2199 inside a script. Outside the script it's not visible. This avoids trouble | |
| 2200 with using the same variable name in different scripts. The variables will be | |
| 2201 kept as long as Vim is running. And the same variables are used when sourcing | |
| 2202 the same script again. |s:var| | |
| 2203 | |
| 2204 The fun is that these variables can also be used in functions, autocommands | |
| 2205 and user commands that are defined in the script. In our example we can add | |
| 2206 a few lines to count the number of corrections: > | |
| 2207 | |
| 2208 19 let s:count = 4 | |
| 2209 .. | |
| 2210 30 function s:Add(from, correct) | |
| 2211 .. | |
| 2212 34 let s:count = s:count + 1 | |
| 22171 | 2213 35 echo s:count .. " corrections now" |
| 7 | 2214 36 endfunction |
| 2215 | |
| 2216 First s:count is initialized to 4 in the script itself. When later the | |
| 2217 s:Add() function is called, it increments s:count. It doesn't matter from | |
| 2218 where the function was called, since it has been defined in the script, it | |
| 2219 will use the local variables from this script. | |
| 2220 | |
| 2221 | |
| 2222 THE RESULT | |
| 2223 | |
| 2224 Here is the resulting complete example: > | |
| 2225 | |
| 2226 1 " Vim global plugin for correcting typing mistakes | |
| 2227 2 " Last Change: 2000 Oct 15 | |
| 2228 3 " Maintainer: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> | |
| 2229 4 " License: This file is placed in the public domain. | |
| 2230 5 | |
|
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|
2231 6 if exists("g:loaded_typecorr") |
| 7 | 2232 7 finish |
| 2233 8 endif | |
|
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diff
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|
2234 9 let g:loaded_typecorr = 1 |
| 7 | 2235 10 |
| 2236 11 let s:save_cpo = &cpo | |
| 2237 12 set cpo&vim | |
| 2238 13 | |
| 2239 14 iabbrev teh the | |
| 2240 15 iabbrev otehr other | |
| 2241 16 iabbrev wnat want | |
| 2242 17 iabbrev synchronisation | |
| 2243 18 \ synchronization | |
| 2244 19 let s:count = 4 | |
| 2245 20 | |
| 21825 | 2246 21 if !hasmapto('<Plug>TypecorrAdd;') |
| 2247 22 map <unique> <Leader>a <Plug>TypecorrAdd; | |
| 7 | 2248 23 endif |
| 21825 | 2249 24 noremap <unique> <script> <Plug>TypecorrAdd; <SID>Add |
| 7 | 2250 25 |
| 2251 26 noremenu <script> Plugin.Add\ Correction <SID>Add | |
| 2252 27 | |
| 2253 28 noremap <SID>Add :call <SID>Add(expand("<cword>"), 1)<CR> | |
| 2254 29 | |
| 2255 30 function s:Add(from, correct) | |
| 22171 | 2256 31 let to = input("type the correction for " .. a:from .. ": ") |
| 2257 32 exe ":iabbrev " .. a:from .. " " .. to | |
| 7 | 2258 33 if a:correct | exe "normal viws\<C-R>\" \b\e" | endif |
| 2259 34 let s:count = s:count + 1 | |
| 22171 | 2260 35 echo s:count .. " corrections now" |
| 7 | 2261 36 endfunction |
| 2262 37 | |
| 2263 38 if !exists(":Correct") | |
| 2264 39 command -nargs=1 Correct :call s:Add(<q-args>, 0) | |
| 2265 40 endif | |
| 2266 41 | |
| 2267 42 let &cpo = s:save_cpo | |
| 3445 | 2268 43 unlet s:save_cpo |
| 7 | 2269 |
| 2270 Line 33 wasn't explained yet. It applies the new correction to the word under | |
| 2271 the cursor. The |:normal| command is used to use the new abbreviation. Note | |
| 2272 that mappings and abbreviations are expanded here, even though the function | |
| 2273 was called from a mapping defined with ":noremap". | |
| 2274 | |
| 2275 Using "unix" for the 'fileformat' option is recommended. The Vim scripts will | |
| 2276 then work everywhere. Scripts with 'fileformat' set to "dos" do not work on | |
| 2277 Unix. Also see |:source_crnl|. To be sure it is set right, do this before | |
| 2278 writing the file: > | |
| 2279 | |
| 2280 :set fileformat=unix | |
| 2281 | |
| 2282 | |
| 2283 DOCUMENTATION *write-local-help* | |
| 2284 | |
| 2285 It's a good idea to also write some documentation for your plugin. Especially | |
| 2286 when its behavior can be changed by the user. See |add-local-help| for how | |
| 2287 they are installed. | |
| 2288 | |
| 2289 Here is a simple example for a plugin help file, called "typecorr.txt": > | |
| 2290 | |
| 2291 1 *typecorr.txt* Plugin for correcting typing mistakes | |
| 2292 2 | |
| 2293 3 If you make typing mistakes, this plugin will have them corrected | |
| 2294 4 automatically. | |
| 2295 5 | |
| 2296 6 There are currently only a few corrections. Add your own if you like. | |
| 2297 7 | |
| 2298 8 Mappings: | |
| 21825 | 2299 9 <Leader>a or <Plug>TypecorrAdd; |
| 7 | 2300 10 Add a correction for the word under the cursor. |
| 2301 11 | |
| 2302 12 Commands: | |
| 2303 13 :Correct {word} | |
| 2304 14 Add a correction for {word}. | |
| 2305 15 | |
| 2306 16 *typecorr-settings* | |
| 2307 17 This plugin doesn't have any settings. | |
| 2308 | |
| 2309 The first line is actually the only one for which the format matters. It will | |
| 2310 be extracted from the help file to be put in the "LOCAL ADDITIONS:" section of | |
| 2311 help.txt |local-additions|. The first "*" must be in the first column of the | |
| 2312 first line. After adding your help file do ":help" and check that the entries | |
| 2313 line up nicely. | |
| 2314 | |
| 2315 You can add more tags inside ** in your help file. But be careful not to use | |
| 2316 existing help tags. You would probably use the name of your plugin in most of | |
| 2317 them, like "typecorr-settings" in the example. | |
| 2318 | |
| 2319 Using references to other parts of the help in || is recommended. This makes | |
| 2320 it easy for the user to find associated help. | |
| 2321 | |
| 2322 | |
| 2323 FILETYPE DETECTION *plugin-filetype* | |
| 2324 | |
| 2325 If your filetype is not already detected by Vim, you should create a filetype | |
| 2326 detection snippet in a separate file. It is usually in the form of an | |
| 2327 autocommand that sets the filetype when the file name matches a pattern. | |
| 2328 Example: > | |
| 2329 | |
| 2330 au BufNewFile,BufRead *.foo set filetype=foofoo | |
| 2331 | |
| 2332 Write this single-line file as "ftdetect/foofoo.vim" in the first directory | |
| 2333 that appears in 'runtimepath'. For Unix that would be | |
| 2334 "~/.vim/ftdetect/foofoo.vim". The convention is to use the name of the | |
| 2335 filetype for the script name. | |
| 2336 | |
| 2337 You can make more complicated checks if you like, for example to inspect the | |
| 2338 contents of the file to recognize the language. Also see |new-filetype|. | |
| 2339 | |
| 2340 | |
| 2341 SUMMARY *plugin-special* | |
| 2342 | |
| 2343 Summary of special things to use in a plugin: | |
| 2344 | |
| 2345 s:name Variables local to the script. | |
| 2346 | |
| 2347 <SID> Script-ID, used for mappings and functions local to | |
| 2348 the script. | |
| 2349 | |
| 2350 hasmapto() Function to test if the user already defined a mapping | |
| 2351 for functionality the script offers. | |
| 2352 | |
| 2353 <Leader> Value of "mapleader", which the user defines as the | |
| 2354 keys that plugin mappings start with. | |
| 2355 | |
| 2356 :map <unique> Give a warning if a mapping already exists. | |
| 2357 | |
| 2358 :noremap <script> Use only mappings local to the script, not global | |
| 2359 mappings. | |
| 2360 | |
| 2361 exists(":Cmd") Check if a user command already exists. | |
| 2362 | |
| 2363 ============================================================================== | |
| 161 | 2364 *41.12* Writing a filetype plugin *write-filetype-plugin* *ftplugin* |
| 7 | 2365 |
| 2366 A filetype plugin is like a global plugin, except that it sets options and | |
| 2367 defines mappings for the current buffer only. See |add-filetype-plugin| for | |
| 2368 how this type of plugin is used. | |
| 2369 | |
| 161 | 2370 First read the section on global plugins above |41.11|. All that is said there |
| 7 | 2371 also applies to filetype plugins. There are a few extras, which are explained |
| 2372 here. The essential thing is that a filetype plugin should only have an | |
| 2373 effect on the current buffer. | |
| 2374 | |
| 2375 | |
| 2376 DISABLING | |
| 2377 | |
| 2378 If you are writing a filetype plugin to be used by many people, they need a | |
| 2379 chance to disable loading it. Put this at the top of the plugin: > | |
| 2380 | |
| 2381 " Only do this when not done yet for this buffer | |
| 2382 if exists("b:did_ftplugin") | |
| 2383 finish | |
| 2384 endif | |
| 2385 let b:did_ftplugin = 1 | |
| 2386 | |
| 2387 This also needs to be used to avoid that the same plugin is executed twice for | |
| 2388 the same buffer (happens when using an ":edit" command without arguments). | |
| 2389 | |
| 2390 Now users can disable loading the default plugin completely by making a | |
| 2391 filetype plugin with only this line: > | |
| 2392 | |
| 2393 let b:did_ftplugin = 1 | |
| 2394 | |
| 2395 This does require that the filetype plugin directory comes before $VIMRUNTIME | |
| 2396 in 'runtimepath'! | |
| 2397 | |
| 2398 If you do want to use the default plugin, but overrule one of the settings, | |
| 2399 you can write the different setting in a script: > | |
| 2400 | |
| 2401 setlocal textwidth=70 | |
| 2402 | |
| 2403 Now write this in the "after" directory, so that it gets sourced after the | |
| 2404 distributed "vim.vim" ftplugin |after-directory|. For Unix this would be | |
| 2405 "~/.vim/after/ftplugin/vim.vim". Note that the default plugin will have set | |
| 2406 "b:did_ftplugin", but it is ignored here. | |
| 2407 | |
| 2408 | |
| 2409 OPTIONS | |
| 2410 | |
| 2411 To make sure the filetype plugin only affects the current buffer use the > | |
| 2412 | |
| 2413 :setlocal | |
| 2414 | |
| 2415 command to set options. And only set options which are local to a buffer (see | |
| 2416 the help for the option to check that). When using |:setlocal| for global | |
| 2417 options or options local to a window, the value will change for many buffers, | |
| 2418 and that is not what a filetype plugin should do. | |
| 2419 | |
| 2420 When an option has a value that is a list of flags or items, consider using | |
| 2421 "+=" and "-=" to keep the existing value. Be aware that the user may have | |
| 2422 changed an option value already. First resetting to the default value and | |
|
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|
2423 then changing it is often a good idea. Example: > |
| 7 | 2424 |
| 2425 :setlocal formatoptions& formatoptions+=ro | |
| 2426 | |
| 2427 | |
| 2428 MAPPINGS | |
| 2429 | |
| 2430 To make sure mappings will only work in the current buffer use the > | |
| 2431 | |
| 2432 :map <buffer> | |
| 2433 | |
| 2434 command. This needs to be combined with the two-step mapping explained above. | |
| 2435 An example of how to define functionality in a filetype plugin: > | |
| 2436 | |
| 21825 | 2437 if !hasmapto('<Plug>JavaImport;') |
| 2438 map <buffer> <unique> <LocalLeader>i <Plug>JavaImport; | |
| 7 | 2439 endif |
| 21825 | 2440 noremap <buffer> <unique> <Plug>JavaImport; oimport ""<Left><Esc> |
| 7 | 2441 |
| 2442 |hasmapto()| is used to check if the user has already defined a map to | |
| 21825 | 2443 <Plug>JavaImport;. If not, then the filetype plugin defines the default |
| 7 | 2444 mapping. This starts with |<LocalLeader>|, which allows the user to select |
| 2445 the key(s) he wants filetype plugin mappings to start with. The default is a | |
| 2446 backslash. | |
| 2447 "<unique>" is used to give an error message if the mapping already exists or | |
| 2448 overlaps with an existing mapping. | |
| 2449 |:noremap| is used to avoid that any other mappings that the user has defined | |
| 2450 interferes. You might want to use ":noremap <script>" to allow remapping | |
| 2451 mappings defined in this script that start with <SID>. | |
| 2452 | |
| 2453 The user must have a chance to disable the mappings in a filetype plugin, | |
| 2454 without disabling everything. Here is an example of how this is done for a | |
| 2455 plugin for the mail filetype: > | |
| 2456 | |
| 2457 " Add mappings, unless the user didn't want this. | |
| 2458 if !exists("no_plugin_maps") && !exists("no_mail_maps") | |
| 2459 " Quote text by inserting "> " | |
| 21825 | 2460 if !hasmapto('<Plug>MailQuote;') |
| 2461 vmap <buffer> <LocalLeader>q <Plug>MailQuote; | |
| 2462 nmap <buffer> <LocalLeader>q <Plug>MailQuote; | |
| 7 | 2463 endif |
| 21825 | 2464 vnoremap <buffer> <Plug>MailQuote; :s/^/> /<CR> |
| 2465 nnoremap <buffer> <Plug>MailQuote; :.,$s/^/> /<CR> | |
| 7 | 2466 endif |
| 2467 | |
| 2468 Two global variables are used: | |
| 11262 | 2469 |no_plugin_maps| disables mappings for all filetype plugins |
| 2470 |no_mail_maps| disables mappings for the "mail" filetype | |
| 7 | 2471 |
| 2472 | |
| 2473 USER COMMANDS | |
| 2474 | |
| 2475 To add a user command for a specific file type, so that it can only be used in | |
| 2476 one buffer, use the "-buffer" argument to |:command|. Example: > | |
| 2477 | |
| 2478 :command -buffer Make make %:r.s | |
| 2479 | |
| 2480 | |
| 2481 VARIABLES | |
| 2482 | |
| 2483 A filetype plugin will be sourced for each buffer of the type it's for. Local | |
| 2484 script variables |s:var| will be shared between all invocations. Use local | |
| 2485 buffer variables |b:var| if you want a variable specifically for one buffer. | |
| 2486 | |
| 2487 | |
| 2488 FUNCTIONS | |
| 2489 | |
| 2490 When defining a function, this only needs to be done once. But the filetype | |
| 2491 plugin will be sourced every time a file with this filetype will be opened. | |
|
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|
2492 This construct makes sure the function is only defined once: > |
| 7 | 2493 |
| 2494 :if !exists("*s:Func") | |
| 2495 : function s:Func(arg) | |
| 2496 : ... | |
| 2497 : endfunction | |
| 2498 :endif | |
| 2499 < | |
| 2500 | |
|
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diff
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|
2501 UNDO *undo_indent* *undo_ftplugin* |
| 7 | 2502 |
| 2503 When the user does ":setfiletype xyz" the effect of the previous filetype | |
| 2504 should be undone. Set the b:undo_ftplugin variable to the commands that will | |
| 2505 undo the settings in your filetype plugin. Example: > | |
| 2506 | |
| 2507 let b:undo_ftplugin = "setlocal fo< com< tw< commentstring<" | |
| 22171 | 2508 \ .. "| unlet b:match_ignorecase b:match_words b:match_skip" |
| 7 | 2509 |
| 2510 Using ":setlocal" with "<" after the option name resets the option to its | |
| 2511 global value. That is mostly the best way to reset the option value. | |
| 2512 | |
| 2513 This does require removing the "C" flag from 'cpoptions' to allow line | |
| 2514 continuation, as mentioned above |use-cpo-save|. | |
| 2515 | |
|
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abd64cf67bcf
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
7924
diff
changeset
|
2516 For undoing the effect of an indent script, the b:undo_indent variable should |
|
abd64cf67bcf
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
7924
diff
changeset
|
2517 be set accordingly. |
|
abd64cf67bcf
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
7924
diff
changeset
|
2518 |
| 7 | 2519 |
| 2520 FILE NAME | |
| 2521 | |
| 2522 The filetype must be included in the file name |ftplugin-name|. Use one of | |
| 2523 these three forms: | |
| 2524 | |
| 2525 .../ftplugin/stuff.vim | |
| 2526 .../ftplugin/stuff_foo.vim | |
| 2527 .../ftplugin/stuff/bar.vim | |
| 2528 | |
| 2529 "stuff" is the filetype, "foo" and "bar" are arbitrary names. | |
| 2530 | |
| 2531 | |
| 2532 SUMMARY *ftplugin-special* | |
| 2533 | |
| 2534 Summary of special things to use in a filetype plugin: | |
| 2535 | |
| 2536 <LocalLeader> Value of "maplocalleader", which the user defines as | |
| 2537 the keys that filetype plugin mappings start with. | |
| 2538 | |
| 2539 :map <buffer> Define a mapping local to the buffer. | |
| 2540 | |
| 2541 :noremap <script> Only remap mappings defined in this script that start | |
| 2542 with <SID>. | |
| 2543 | |
| 2544 :setlocal Set an option for the current buffer only. | |
| 2545 | |
| 2546 :command -buffer Define a user command local to the buffer. | |
| 2547 | |
| 2548 exists("*s:Func") Check if a function was already defined. | |
| 2549 | |
| 2550 Also see |plugin-special|, the special things used for all plugins. | |
| 2551 | |
| 2552 ============================================================================== | |
| 161 | 2553 *41.13* Writing a compiler plugin *write-compiler-plugin* |
| 7 | 2554 |
| 2555 A compiler plugin sets options for use with a specific compiler. The user can | |
| 2556 load it with the |:compiler| command. The main use is to set the | |
| 2557 'errorformat' and 'makeprg' options. | |
| 2558 | |
| 2559 Easiest is to have a look at examples. This command will edit all the default | |
| 2560 compiler plugins: > | |
| 2561 | |
| 2562 :next $VIMRUNTIME/compiler/*.vim | |
| 2563 | |
| 2564 Use |:next| to go to the next plugin file. | |
| 2565 | |
| 2566 There are two special items about these files. First is a mechanism to allow | |
| 2567 a user to overrule or add to the default file. The default files start with: > | |
| 2568 | |
| 2569 :if exists("current_compiler") | |
| 2570 : finish | |
| 2571 :endif | |
| 2572 :let current_compiler = "mine" | |
| 2573 | |
| 2574 When you write a compiler file and put it in your personal runtime directory | |
| 2575 (e.g., ~/.vim/compiler for Unix), you set the "current_compiler" variable to | |
| 2576 make the default file skip the settings. | |
| 570 | 2577 *:CompilerSet* |
| 7 | 2578 The second mechanism is to use ":set" for ":compiler!" and ":setlocal" for |
| 2579 ":compiler". Vim defines the ":CompilerSet" user command for this. However, | |
| 2580 older Vim versions don't, thus your plugin should define it then. This is an | |
| 2581 example: > | |
| 2582 | |
| 2583 if exists(":CompilerSet") != 2 | |
| 2584 command -nargs=* CompilerSet setlocal <args> | |
| 2585 endif | |
| 2586 CompilerSet errorformat& " use the default 'errorformat' | |
| 2587 CompilerSet makeprg=nmake | |
| 2588 | |
| 2589 When you write a compiler plugin for the Vim distribution or for a system-wide | |
| 2590 runtime directory, use the mechanism mentioned above. When | |
| 2591 "current_compiler" was already set by a user plugin nothing will be done. | |
| 2592 | |
| 2593 When you write a compiler plugin to overrule settings from a default plugin, | |
| 2594 don't check "current_compiler". This plugin is supposed to be loaded | |
| 2595 last, thus it should be in a directory at the end of 'runtimepath'. For Unix | |
| 2596 that could be ~/.vim/after/compiler. | |
| 2597 | |
| 2598 ============================================================================== | |
| 170 | 2599 *41.14* Writing a plugin that loads quickly *write-plugin-quickload* |
| 2600 | |
| 2601 A plugin may grow and become quite long. The startup delay may become | |
| 1620 | 2602 noticeable, while you hardly ever use the plugin. Then it's time for a |
| 170 | 2603 quickload plugin. |
| 2604 | |
| 2605 The basic idea is that the plugin is loaded twice. The first time user | |
| 2606 commands and mappings are defined that offer the functionality. The second | |
| 2607 time the functions that implement the functionality are defined. | |
| 2608 | |
| 2609 It may sound surprising that quickload means loading a script twice. What we | |
| 2610 mean is that it loads quickly the first time, postponing the bulk of the | |
| 2611 script to the second time, which only happens when you actually use it. When | |
| 2612 you always use the functionality it actually gets slower! | |
| 2613 | |
| 793 | 2614 Note that since Vim 7 there is an alternative: use the |autoload| |
| 2615 functionality |41.15|. | |
| 2616 | |
| 170 | 2617 The following example shows how it's done: > |
| 2618 | |
| 2619 " Vim global plugin for demonstrating quick loading | |
| 2620 " Last Change: 2005 Feb 25 | |
| 2621 " Maintainer: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> | |
| 2622 " License: This file is placed in the public domain. | |
| 2623 | |
| 2624 if !exists("s:did_load") | |
| 2625 command -nargs=* BNRead call BufNetRead(<f-args>) | |
| 2626 map <F19> :call BufNetWrite('something')<CR> | |
| 2627 | |
| 2628 let s:did_load = 1 | |
| 22171 | 2629 exe 'au FuncUndefined BufNet* source ' .. expand('<sfile>') |
| 170 | 2630 finish |
| 2631 endif | |
| 2632 | |
| 2633 function BufNetRead(...) | |
| 22171 | 2634 echo 'BufNetRead(' .. string(a:000) .. ')' |
| 170 | 2635 " read functionality here |
| 2636 endfunction | |
| 2637 | |
| 2638 function BufNetWrite(...) | |
| 22171 | 2639 echo 'BufNetWrite(' .. string(a:000) .. ')' |
| 170 | 2640 " write functionality here |
| 2641 endfunction | |
| 2642 | |
| 2643 When the script is first loaded "s:did_load" is not set. The commands between | |
| 2644 the "if" and "endif" will be executed. This ends in a |:finish| command, thus | |
| 2645 the rest of the script is not executed. | |
| 2646 | |
| 2647 The second time the script is loaded "s:did_load" exists and the commands | |
| 2648 after the "endif" are executed. This defines the (possible long) | |
| 2649 BufNetRead() and BufNetWrite() functions. | |
| 2650 | |
| 2651 If you drop this script in your plugin directory Vim will execute it on | |
| 2652 startup. This is the sequence of events that happens: | |
| 2653 | |
| 2654 1. The "BNRead" command is defined and the <F19> key is mapped when the script | |
| 2655 is sourced at startup. A |FuncUndefined| autocommand is defined. The | |
| 2656 ":finish" command causes the script to terminate early. | |
| 2657 | |
| 2658 2. The user types the BNRead command or presses the <F19> key. The | |
| 2659 BufNetRead() or BufNetWrite() function will be called. | |
| 856 | 2660 |
| 170 | 2661 3. Vim can't find the function and triggers the |FuncUndefined| autocommand |
| 2662 event. Since the pattern "BufNet*" matches the invoked function, the | |
| 2663 command "source fname" will be executed. "fname" will be equal to the name | |
| 2664 of the script, no matter where it is located, because it comes from | |
| 2665 expanding "<sfile>" (see |expand()|). | |
| 2666 | |
| 2667 4. The script is sourced again, the "s:did_load" variable exists and the | |
| 2668 functions are defined. | |
| 2669 | |
| 2670 Notice that the functions that are loaded afterwards match the pattern in the | |
| 2671 |FuncUndefined| autocommand. You must make sure that no other plugin defines | |
| 2672 functions that match this pattern. | |
| 2673 | |
| 2674 ============================================================================== | |
| 2675 *41.15* Writing library scripts *write-library-script* | |
| 2676 | |
| 2677 Some functionality will be required in several places. When this becomes more | |
| 2678 than a few lines you will want to put it in one script and use it from many | |
| 2679 scripts. We will call that one script a library script. | |
| 2680 | |
| 2681 Manually loading a library script is possible, so long as you avoid loading it | |
| 2682 when it's already done. You can do this with the |exists()| function. | |
| 2683 Example: > | |
| 2684 | |
| 2685 if !exists('*MyLibFunction') | |
| 2686 runtime library/mylibscript.vim | |
| 2687 endif | |
| 2688 call MyLibFunction(arg) | |
| 2689 | |
| 2690 Here you need to know that MyLibFunction() is defined in a script | |
| 2691 "library/mylibscript.vim" in one of the directories in 'runtimepath'. | |
| 2692 | |
| 2693 To make this a bit simpler Vim offers the autoload mechanism. Then the | |
| 2694 example looks like this: > | |
| 2695 | |
| 270 | 2696 call mylib#myfunction(arg) |
| 170 | 2697 |
| 2698 That's a lot simpler, isn't it? Vim will recognize the function name and when | |
| 2699 it's not defined search for the script "autoload/mylib.vim" in 'runtimepath'. | |
| 270 | 2700 That script must define the "mylib#myfunction()" function. |
| 170 | 2701 |
| 2702 You can put many other functions in the mylib.vim script, you are free to | |
| 2703 organize your functions in library scripts. But you must use function names | |
| 323 | 2704 where the part before the '#' matches the script name. Otherwise Vim would |
| 2705 not know what script to load. | |
| 170 | 2706 |
| 681 | 2707 If you get really enthusiastic and write lots of library scripts, you may |
| 170 | 2708 want to use subdirectories. Example: > |
| 2709 | |
| 270 | 2710 call netlib#ftp#read('somefile') |
| 170 | 2711 |
| 2712 For Unix the library script used for this could be: | |
| 2713 | |
| 2714 ~/.vim/autoload/netlib/ftp.vim | |
| 2715 | |
| 2716 Where the function is defined like this: > | |
| 2717 | |
| 270 | 2718 function netlib#ftp#read(fname) |
| 170 | 2719 " Read the file fname through ftp |
| 2720 endfunction | |
| 2721 | |
| 2722 Notice that the name the function is defined with is exactly the same as the | |
| 323 | 2723 name used for calling the function. And the part before the last '#' |
| 170 | 2724 exactly matches the subdirectory and script name. |
| 2725 | |
| 2726 You can use the same mechanism for variables: > | |
| 2727 | |
| 270 | 2728 let weekdays = dutch#weekdays |
| 170 | 2729 |
| 2730 This will load the script "autoload/dutch.vim", which should contain something | |
| 2731 like: > | |
| 2732 | |
| 270 | 2733 let dutch#weekdays = ['zondag', 'maandag', 'dinsdag', 'woensdag', |
| 170 | 2734 \ 'donderdag', 'vrijdag', 'zaterdag'] |
| 2735 | |
| 2736 Further reading: |autoload|. | |
| 2737 | |
| 2738 ============================================================================== | |
| 793 | 2739 *41.16* Distributing Vim scripts *distribute-script* |
| 2740 | |
| 2741 Vim users will look for scripts on the Vim website: http://www.vim.org. | |
| 2742 If you made something that is useful for others, share it! | |
| 2743 | |
| 2744 Vim scripts can be used on any system. There might not be a tar or gzip | |
| 2745 command. If you want to pack files together and/or compress them the "zip" | |
| 2746 utility is recommended. | |
| 2747 | |
| 2748 For utmost portability use Vim itself to pack scripts together. This can be | |
| 2749 done with the Vimball utility. See |vimball|. | |
| 2750 | |
| 799 | 2751 It's good if you add a line to allow automatic updating. See |glvs-plugins|. |
| 2752 | |
| 793 | 2753 ============================================================================== |
| 7 | 2754 |
| 2755 Next chapter: |usr_42.txt| Add new menus | |
| 2756 | |
| 14519 | 2757 Copyright: see |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |