Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/if_pyth.txt @ 12806:ef93c4415667 v8.0.1280
patch 8.0.1280: Python None cannot be converted to a Vim type
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/de323093e1be165a3eadd1ab3d02942358cd97bf
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Thu Nov 9 19:56:08 2017 +0100
patch 8.0.1280: Python None cannot be converted to a Vim type
Problem: Python None cannot be converted to a Vim type.
Solution: Convert it to v:none. (Ken Takata)
| author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 09 Nov 2017 20:00:05 +0100 |
| parents | 444ad56c0cac |
| children | f690da1b3c04 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 11160 | 1 *if_pyth.txt* For Vim version 8.0. Last change: 2017 Mar 09 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Paul Moore | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 The Python Interface to Vim *python* *Python* | |
| 8 | |
| 3682 | 9 1. Commands |python-commands| |
| 10 2. The vim module |python-vim| | |
| 11 3. Buffer objects |python-buffer| | |
| 12 4. Range objects |python-range| | |
| 13 5. Window objects |python-window| | |
| 4496 | 14 6. Tab page objects |python-tabpage| |
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15 7. vim.bindeval objects |python-bindeval-objects| |
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16 8. pyeval(), py3eval() Vim functions |python-pyeval| |
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17 9. Dynamic loading |python-dynamic| |
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18 10. Python 3 |python3| |
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19 11. Python X |python_x| |
| 11160 | 20 12. Building with Python support |python-building| |
| 7 | 21 |
| 22 {Vi does not have any of these commands} | |
| 23 | |
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24 The Python 2.x interface is available only when Vim was compiled with the |
| 7 | 25 |+python| feature. |
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26 The Python 3 interface is available only when Vim was compiled with the |
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27 |+python3| feature. |
| 5220 | 28 Both can be available at the same time, but read |python-2-and-3|. |
| 7 | 29 |
| 30 ============================================================================== | |
| 31 1. Commands *python-commands* | |
| 32 | |
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33 *:python* *:py* *E263* *E264* *E887* |
| 7 | 34 :[range]py[thon] {stmt} |
| 3750 | 35 Execute Python statement {stmt}. A simple check if |
| 36 the `:python` command is working: > | |
| 37 :python print "Hello" | |
| 7 | 38 |
| 39 :[range]py[thon] << {endmarker} | |
| 40 {script} | |
| 41 {endmarker} | |
| 42 Execute Python script {script}. | |
| 43 Note: This command doesn't work when the Python | |
| 44 feature wasn't compiled in. To avoid errors, see | |
| 45 |script-here|. | |
| 46 | |
| 47 {endmarker} must NOT be preceded by any white space. If {endmarker} is | |
| 48 omitted from after the "<<", a dot '.' must be used after {script}, like | |
| 49 for the |:append| and |:insert| commands. | |
| 50 This form of the |:python| command is mainly useful for including python code | |
| 51 in Vim scripts. | |
| 52 | |
| 53 Example: > | |
| 54 function! IcecreamInitialize() | |
| 55 python << EOF | |
| 56 class StrawberryIcecream: | |
| 57 def __call__(self): | |
| 58 print 'EAT ME' | |
| 59 EOF | |
| 60 endfunction | |
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61 |
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62 To see what version of Python you have: > |
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63 :python import sys |
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64 :python print(sys.version) |
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65 |
| 4073 | 66 Note: Python is very sensitive to the indenting. Make sure the "class" line |
| 67 and "EOF" do not have any indent. | |
| 7 | 68 |
| 4435 | 69 *:pydo* |
| 70 :[range]pydo {body} Execute Python function "def _vim_pydo(line, linenr): | |
| 71 {body}" for each line in the [range], with the | |
| 72 function arguments being set to the text of each line | |
| 73 in turn, without a trailing <EOL>, and the current | |
| 74 line number. The function should return a string or | |
| 75 None. If a string is returned, it becomes the text of | |
| 76 the line in the current turn. The default for [range] | |
| 77 is the whole file: "1,$". | |
| 78 {not in Vi} | |
| 79 | |
| 80 Examples: | |
| 81 > | |
| 82 :pydo return "%s\t%d" % (line[::-1], len(line)) | |
| 83 :pydo if line: return "%4d: %s" % (linenr, line) | |
| 84 < | |
| 7 | 85 *:pyfile* *:pyf* |
| 86 :[range]pyf[ile] {file} | |
| 87 Execute the Python script in {file}. The whole | |
| 88 argument is used as a single file name. {not in Vi} | |
| 89 | |
| 90 Both of these commands do essentially the same thing - they execute a piece of | |
| 91 Python code, with the "current range" |python-range| set to the given line | |
| 92 range. | |
| 93 | |
| 94 In the case of :python, the code to execute is in the command-line. | |
| 95 In the case of :pyfile, the code to execute is the contents of the given file. | |
| 96 | |
| 97 Python commands cannot be used in the |sandbox|. | |
| 98 | |
| 99 To pass arguments you need to set sys.argv[] explicitly. Example: > | |
| 100 | |
| 101 :python import sys | |
| 102 :python sys.argv = ["foo", "bar"] | |
| 103 :pyfile myscript.py | |
| 104 | |
| 105 Here are some examples *python-examples* > | |
| 106 | |
| 107 :python from vim import * | |
| 108 :python from string import upper | |
| 109 :python current.line = upper(current.line) | |
| 110 :python print "Hello" | |
| 111 :python str = current.buffer[42] | |
| 112 | |
| 113 (Note that changes - like the imports - persist from one command to the next, | |
| 114 just like in the Python interpreter.) | |
| 115 | |
| 116 ============================================================================== | |
| 117 2. The vim module *python-vim* | |
| 118 | |
| 119 Python code gets all of its access to vim (with one exception - see | |
| 236 | 120 |python-output| below) via the "vim" module. The vim module implements two |
| 7 | 121 methods, three constants, and one error object. You need to import the vim |
| 122 module before using it: > | |
| 123 :python import vim | |
| 124 | |
| 125 Overview > | |
| 20 | 126 :py print "Hello" # displays a message |
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127 :py vim.command(cmd) # execute an Ex command |
| 20 | 128 :py w = vim.windows[n] # gets window "n" |
| 129 :py cw = vim.current.window # gets the current window | |
| 130 :py b = vim.buffers[n] # gets buffer "n" | |
| 131 :py cb = vim.current.buffer # gets the current buffer | |
| 132 :py w.height = lines # sets the window height | |
| 133 :py w.cursor = (row, col) # sets the window cursor position | |
| 134 :py pos = w.cursor # gets a tuple (row, col) | |
| 135 :py name = b.name # gets the buffer file name | |
| 136 :py line = b[n] # gets a line from the buffer | |
| 137 :py lines = b[n:m] # gets a list of lines | |
| 138 :py num = len(b) # gets the number of lines | |
| 139 :py b[n] = str # sets a line in the buffer | |
| 140 :py b[n:m] = [str1, str2, str3] # sets a number of lines at once | |
| 141 :py del b[n] # deletes a line | |
| 142 :py del b[n:m] # deletes a number of lines | |
| 7 | 143 |
| 144 | |
| 145 Methods of the "vim" module | |
| 146 | |
| 147 vim.command(str) *python-command* | |
| 236 | 148 Executes the vim (ex-mode) command str. Returns None. |
| 7 | 149 Examples: > |
| 20 | 150 :py vim.command("set tw=72") |
| 151 :py vim.command("%s/aaa/bbb/g") | |
| 7 | 152 < The following definition executes Normal mode commands: > |
| 153 def normal(str): | |
| 154 vim.command("normal "+str) | |
| 155 # Note the use of single quotes to delimit a string containing | |
| 156 # double quotes | |
| 157 normal('"a2dd"aP') | |
| 158 < *E659* | |
| 159 The ":python" command cannot be used recursively with Python 2.2 and | |
| 160 older. This only works with Python 2.3 and later: > | |
| 20 | 161 :py vim.command("python print 'Hello again Python'") |
| 7 | 162 |
| 163 vim.eval(str) *python-eval* | |
| 164 Evaluates the expression str using the vim internal expression | |
| 633 | 165 evaluator (see |expression|). Returns the expression result as: |
| 166 - a string if the Vim expression evaluates to a string or number | |
| 167 - a list if the Vim expression evaluates to a Vim list | |
| 856 | 168 - a dictionary if the Vim expression evaluates to a Vim dictionary |
| 633 | 169 Dictionaries and lists are recursively expanded. |
| 7 | 170 Examples: > |
| 20 | 171 :py text_width = vim.eval("&tw") |
| 172 :py str = vim.eval("12+12") # NB result is a string! Use | |
| 7 | 173 # string.atoi() to convert to |
| 174 # a number. | |
| 175 | |
| 856 | 176 :py tagList = vim.eval('taglist("eval_expr")') |
| 633 | 177 < The latter will return a python list of python dicts, for instance: |
| 11062 | 178 [{'cmd': '/^eval_expr(arg, nextcmd)$/', 'static': 0, 'name': ~ |
| 179 'eval_expr', 'kind': 'f', 'filename': './src/eval.c'}] ~ | |
| 633 | 180 |
| 3682 | 181 vim.bindeval(str) *python-bindeval* |
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182 Like |python-eval|, but returns special objects described in |
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183 |python-bindeval-objects|. These python objects let you modify (|List| |
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184 or |Dictionary|) or call (|Funcref|) vim objects. |
| 633 | 185 |
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186 vim.strwidth(str) *python-strwidth* |
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187 Like |strwidth()|: returns number of display cells str occupies, tab |
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188 is counted as one cell. |
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189 |
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190 vim.foreach_rtp(callable) *python-foreach_rtp* |
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191 Call the given callable for each path in 'runtimepath' until either |
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192 callable returns something but None, the exception is raised or there |
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193 are no longer paths. If stopped in case callable returned non-None, |
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194 vim.foreach_rtp function returns the value returned by callable. |
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195 |
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196 vim.chdir(*args, **kwargs) *python-chdir* |
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197 vim.fchdir(*args, **kwargs) *python-fchdir* |
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198 Run os.chdir or os.fchdir, then all appropriate vim stuff. |
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199 Note: you should not use these functions directly, use os.chdir and |
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200 os.fchdir instead. Behavior of vim.fchdir is undefined in case |
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201 os.fchdir does not exist. |
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202 |
| 7 | 203 Error object of the "vim" module |
| 204 | |
| 205 vim.error *python-error* | |
| 206 Upon encountering a Vim error, Python raises an exception of type | |
| 207 vim.error. | |
| 208 Example: > | |
| 209 try: | |
| 210 vim.command("put a") | |
| 211 except vim.error: | |
| 212 # nothing in register a | |
| 213 | |
| 214 Constants of the "vim" module | |
| 215 | |
| 216 Note that these are not actually constants - you could reassign them. | |
| 217 But this is silly, as you would then lose access to the vim objects | |
| 218 to which the variables referred. | |
| 219 | |
| 220 vim.buffers *python-buffers* | |
| 4393 | 221 A mapping object providing access to the list of vim buffers. The |
| 7 | 222 object supports the following operations: > |
| 20 | 223 :py b = vim.buffers[i] # Indexing (read-only) |
| 224 :py b in vim.buffers # Membership test | |
| 225 :py n = len(vim.buffers) # Number of elements | |
| 4397 | 226 :py for b in vim.buffers: # Iterating over buffer list |
| 7 | 227 < |
| 228 vim.windows *python-windows* | |
| 236 | 229 A sequence object providing access to the list of vim windows. The |
| 7 | 230 object supports the following operations: > |
| 20 | 231 :py w = vim.windows[i] # Indexing (read-only) |
| 232 :py w in vim.windows # Membership test | |
| 233 :py n = len(vim.windows) # Number of elements | |
| 234 :py for w in vim.windows: # Sequential access | |
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235 < Note: vim.windows object always accesses current tab page. |
| 4401 | 236 |python-tabpage|.windows objects are bound to parent |python-tabpage| |
| 237 object and always use windows from that tab page (or throw vim.error | |
| 238 in case tab page was deleted). You can keep a reference to both | |
| 239 without keeping a reference to vim module object or |python-tabpage|, | |
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240 they will not lose their properties in this case. |
| 4401 | 241 |
| 242 vim.tabpages *python-tabpages* | |
| 243 A sequence object providing access to the list of vim tab pages. The | |
| 244 object supports the following operations: > | |
| 245 :py t = vim.tabpages[i] # Indexing (read-only) | |
| 246 :py t in vim.tabpages # Membership test | |
| 247 :py n = len(vim.tabpages) # Number of elements | |
| 248 :py for t in vim.tabpages: # Sequential access | |
| 7 | 249 < |
| 250 vim.current *python-current* | |
| 251 An object providing access (via specific attributes) to various | |
| 252 "current" objects available in vim: | |
| 253 vim.current.line The current line (RW) String | |
| 4407 | 254 vim.current.buffer The current buffer (RW) Buffer |
| 255 vim.current.window The current window (RW) Window | |
| 256 vim.current.tabpage The current tab page (RW) TabPage | |
| 7 | 257 vim.current.range The current line range (RO) Range |
| 258 | |
| 236 | 259 The last case deserves a little explanation. When the :python or |
| 7 | 260 :pyfile command specifies a range, this range of lines becomes the |
| 236 | 261 "current range". A range is a bit like a buffer, but with all access |
| 262 restricted to a subset of lines. See |python-range| for more details. | |
| 7 | 263 |
| 4407 | 264 Note: When assigning to vim.current.{buffer,window,tabpage} it expects |
| 265 valid |python-buffer|, |python-window| or |python-tabpage| objects | |
| 266 respectively. Assigning triggers normal (with |autocommand|s) | |
| 267 switching to given buffer, window or tab page. It is the only way to | |
| 268 switch UI objects in python: you can't assign to | |
| 269 |python-tabpage|.window attribute. To switch without triggering | |
| 270 autocommands use > | |
| 271 py << EOF | |
| 272 saved_eventignore = vim.options['eventignore'] | |
| 273 vim.options['eventignore'] = 'all' | |
| 274 try: | |
| 275 vim.current.buffer = vim.buffers[2] # Switch to buffer 2 | |
| 276 finally: | |
| 277 vim.options['eventignore'] = saved_eventignore | |
| 278 EOF | |
| 279 < | |
| 4323 | 280 vim.vars *python-vars* |
| 281 vim.vvars *python-vvars* | |
| 282 Dictionary-like objects holding dictionaries with global (|g:|) and | |
| 283 vim (|v:|) variables respectively. Identical to `vim.bindeval("g:")`, | |
| 284 but faster. | |
| 7 | 285 |
| 4350 | 286 vim.options *python-options* |
| 287 Object partly supporting mapping protocol (supports setting and | |
| 288 getting items) providing a read-write access to global options. | |
| 289 Note: unlike |:set| this provides access only to global options. You | |
| 290 cannot use this object to obtain or set local options' values or | |
| 291 access local-only options in any fashion. Raises KeyError if no global | |
| 292 option with such name exists (i.e. does not raise KeyError for | |
| 293 |global-local| options and global only options, but does for window- | |
| 294 and buffer-local ones). Use |python-buffer| objects to access to | |
| 295 buffer-local options and |python-window| objects to access to | |
| 296 window-local options. | |
| 297 | |
| 4496 | 298 Type of this object is available via "Options" attribute of vim |
| 299 module. | |
| 300 | |
| 7 | 301 Output from Python *python-output* |
| 302 Vim displays all Python code output in the Vim message area. Normal | |
| 303 output appears as information messages, and error output appears as | |
| 304 error messages. | |
| 305 | |
| 306 In implementation terms, this means that all output to sys.stdout | |
| 307 (including the output from print statements) appears as information | |
| 308 messages, and all output to sys.stderr (including error tracebacks) | |
| 309 appears as error messages. | |
| 310 | |
| 311 *python-input* | |
| 312 Input (via sys.stdin, including input() and raw_input()) is not | |
| 236 | 313 supported, and may cause the program to crash. This should probably be |
| 7 | 314 fixed. |
| 315 | |
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316 *python2-directory* *python3-directory* *pythonx-directory* |
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317 Python 'runtimepath' handling *python-special-path* |
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318 |
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319 In python vim.VIM_SPECIAL_PATH special directory is used as a replacement for |
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320 the list of paths found in 'runtimepath': with this directory in sys.path and |
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321 vim.path_hooks in sys.path_hooks python will try to load module from |
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322 {rtp}/python2 (or python3) and {rtp}/pythonx (for both python versions) for |
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323 each {rtp} found in 'runtimepath'. |
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324 |
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325 Implementation is similar to the following, but written in C: > |
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326 |
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327 from imp import find_module, load_module |
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328 import vim |
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329 import sys |
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330 |
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331 class VimModuleLoader(object): |
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332 def __init__(self, module): |
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333 self.module = module |
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334 |
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335 def load_module(self, fullname, path=None): |
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336 return self.module |
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337 |
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338 def _find_module(fullname, oldtail, path): |
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339 idx = oldtail.find('.') |
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340 if idx > 0: |
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341 name = oldtail[:idx] |
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342 tail = oldtail[idx+1:] |
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343 fmr = find_module(name, path) |
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344 module = load_module(fullname[:-len(oldtail)] + name, *fmr) |
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345 return _find_module(fullname, tail, module.__path__) |
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346 else: |
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347 fmr = find_module(fullname, path) |
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348 return load_module(fullname, *fmr) |
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349 |
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350 # It uses vim module itself in place of VimPathFinder class: it does not |
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351 # matter for python which object has find_module function attached to as |
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352 # an attribute. |
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353 class VimPathFinder(object): |
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354 @classmethod |
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355 def find_module(cls, fullname, path=None): |
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356 try: |
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357 return VimModuleLoader(_find_module(fullname, fullname, path or vim._get_paths())) |
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358 except ImportError: |
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359 return None |
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360 |
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361 @classmethod |
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362 def load_module(cls, fullname, path=None): |
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363 return _find_module(fullname, fullname, path or vim._get_paths()) |
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364 |
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365 def hook(path): |
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366 if path == vim.VIM_SPECIAL_PATH: |
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367 return VimPathFinder |
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368 else: |
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369 raise ImportError |
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370 |
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371 sys.path_hooks.append(hook) |
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372 |
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373 vim.VIM_SPECIAL_PATH *python-VIM_SPECIAL_PATH* |
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374 String constant used in conjunction with vim path hook. If path hook |
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375 installed by vim is requested to handle anything but path equal to |
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376 vim.VIM_SPECIAL_PATH constant it raises ImportError. In the only other |
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377 case it uses special loader. |
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378 |
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379 Note: you must not use value of this constant directly, always use |
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380 vim.VIM_SPECIAL_PATH object. |
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381 |
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382 vim.find_module(...) *python-find_module* |
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383 vim.path_hook(path) *python-path_hook* |
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384 Methods or objects used to implement path loading as described above. |
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385 You should not be using any of these directly except for vim.path_hook |
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386 in case you need to do something with sys.meta_path. It is not |
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387 guaranteed that any of the objects will exist in the future vim |
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388 versions. |
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389 |
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390 vim._get_paths *python-_get_paths* |
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391 Methods returning a list of paths which will be searched for by path |
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392 hook. You should not rely on this method being present in future |
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393 versions, but can use it for debugging. |
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394 |
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395 It returns a list of {rtp}/python2 (or {rtp}/python3) and |
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396 {rtp}/pythonx directories for each {rtp} in 'runtimepath'. |
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397 |
| 7 | 398 ============================================================================== |
| 399 3. Buffer objects *python-buffer* | |
| 400 | |
| 236 | 401 Buffer objects represent vim buffers. You can obtain them in a number of ways: |
| 7 | 402 - via vim.current.buffer (|python-current|) |
| 403 - from indexing vim.buffers (|python-buffers|) | |
| 404 - from the "buffer" attribute of a window (|python-window|) | |
| 405 | |
| 3312 | 406 Buffer objects have two read-only attributes - name - the full file name for |
| 407 the buffer, and number - the buffer number. They also have three methods | |
| 408 (append, mark, and range; see below). | |
| 7 | 409 |
| 236 | 410 You can also treat buffer objects as sequence objects. In this context, they |
| 7 | 411 act as if they were lists (yes, they are mutable) of strings, with each |
| 236 | 412 element being a line of the buffer. All of the usual sequence operations, |
| 7 | 413 including indexing, index assignment, slicing and slice assignment, work as |
| 236 | 414 you would expect. Note that the result of indexing (slicing) a buffer is a |
| 415 string (list of strings). This has one unusual consequence - b[:] is different | |
| 416 from b. In particular, "b[:] = None" deletes the whole of the buffer, whereas | |
| 7 | 417 "b = None" merely updates the variable b, with no effect on the buffer. |
| 418 | |
| 236 | 419 Buffer indexes start at zero, as is normal in Python. This differs from vim |
| 420 line numbers, which start from 1. This is particularly relevant when dealing | |
| 7 | 421 with marks (see below) which use vim line numbers. |
| 422 | |
| 4350 | 423 The buffer object attributes are: |
| 424 b.vars Dictionary-like object used to access | |
| 425 |buffer-variable|s. | |
| 426 b.options Mapping object (supports item getting, setting and | |
| 427 deleting) that provides access to buffer-local options | |
| 428 and buffer-local values of |global-local| options. Use | |
| 429 |python-window|.options if option is window-local, | |
| 430 this object will raise KeyError. If option is | |
| 431 |global-local| and local value is missing getting it | |
| 432 will return None. | |
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433 b.name String, RW. Contains buffer name (full path). |
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434 Note: when assigning to b.name |BufFilePre| and |
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435 |BufFilePost| autocommands are launched. |
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436 b.number Buffer number. Can be used as |python-buffers| key. |
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437 Read-only. |
| 4780 | 438 b.valid True or False. Buffer object becomes invalid when |
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439 corresponding buffer is wiped out. |
| 4350 | 440 |
| 7 | 441 The buffer object methods are: |
| 442 b.append(str) Append a line to the buffer | |
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443 b.append(str, nr) Idem, below line "nr" |
| 7 | 444 b.append(list) Append a list of lines to the buffer |
| 445 Note that the option of supplying a list of strings to | |
| 446 the append method differs from the equivalent method | |
| 447 for Python's built-in list objects. | |
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448 b.append(list, nr) Idem, below line "nr" |
| 7 | 449 b.mark(name) Return a tuple (row,col) representing the position |
| 450 of the named mark (can also get the []"<> marks) | |
| 451 b.range(s,e) Return a range object (see |python-range|) which | |
| 452 represents the part of the given buffer between line | |
| 453 numbers s and e |inclusive|. | |
| 454 | |
| 20 | 455 Note that when adding a line it must not contain a line break character '\n'. |
| 456 A trailing '\n' is allowed and ignored, so that you can do: > | |
| 457 :py b.append(f.readlines()) | |
| 458 | |
| 4496 | 459 Buffer object type is available using "Buffer" attribute of vim module. |
| 460 | |
| 7 | 461 Examples (assume b is the current buffer) > |
| 20 | 462 :py print b.name # write the buffer file name |
| 463 :py b[0] = "hello!!!" # replace the top line | |
| 464 :py b[:] = None # delete the whole buffer | |
| 465 :py del b[:] # delete the whole buffer | |
| 466 :py b[0:0] = [ "a line" ] # add a line at the top | |
| 467 :py del b[2] # delete a line (the third) | |
| 468 :py b.append("bottom") # add a line at the bottom | |
| 469 :py n = len(b) # number of lines | |
| 470 :py (row,col) = b.mark('a') # named mark | |
| 471 :py r = b.range(1,5) # a sub-range of the buffer | |
| 4323 | 472 :py b.vars["foo"] = "bar" # assign b:foo variable |
| 4350 | 473 :py b.options["ff"] = "dos" # set fileformat |
| 474 :py del b.options["ar"] # same as :set autoread< | |
| 7 | 475 |
| 476 ============================================================================== | |
| 477 4. Range objects *python-range* | |
| 478 | |
| 236 | 479 Range objects represent a part of a vim buffer. You can obtain them in a |
| 7 | 480 number of ways: |
| 481 - via vim.current.range (|python-current|) | |
| 482 - from a buffer's range() method (|python-buffer|) | |
| 483 | |
| 236 | 484 A range object is almost identical in operation to a buffer object. However, |
| 7 | 485 all operations are restricted to the lines within the range (this line range |
| 486 can, of course, change as a result of slice assignments, line deletions, or | |
| 487 the range.append() method). | |
| 488 | |
| 489 The range object attributes are: | |
| 490 r.start Index of first line into the buffer | |
| 491 r.end Index of last line into the buffer | |
| 492 | |
| 493 The range object methods are: | |
| 494 r.append(str) Append a line to the range | |
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495 r.append(str, nr) Idem, after line "nr" |
| 7 | 496 r.append(list) Append a list of lines to the range |
| 497 Note that the option of supplying a list of strings to | |
| 498 the append method differs from the equivalent method | |
| 499 for Python's built-in list objects. | |
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500 r.append(list, nr) Idem, after line "nr" |
| 7 | 501 |
| 4496 | 502 Range object type is available using "Range" attribute of vim module. |
| 503 | |
| 7 | 504 Example (assume r is the current range): |
| 505 # Send all lines in a range to the default printer | |
| 506 vim.command("%d,%dhardcopy!" % (r.start+1,r.end+1)) | |
| 507 | |
| 508 ============================================================================== | |
| 509 5. Window objects *python-window* | |
| 510 | |
| 236 | 511 Window objects represent vim windows. You can obtain them in a number of ways: |
| 7 | 512 - via vim.current.window (|python-current|) |
| 513 - from indexing vim.windows (|python-windows|) | |
| 4401 | 514 - from indexing "windows" attribute of a tab page (|python-tabpage|) |
| 515 - from the "window" attribute of a tab page (|python-tabpage|) | |
| 7 | 516 |
| 236 | 517 You can manipulate window objects only through their attributes. They have no |
| 7 | 518 methods, and no sequence or other interface. |
| 519 | |
| 520 Window attributes are: | |
| 521 buffer (read-only) The buffer displayed in this window | |
| 522 cursor (read-write) The current cursor position in the window | |
| 523 This is a tuple, (row,col). | |
| 524 height (read-write) The window height, in rows | |
| 525 width (read-write) The window width, in columns | |
| 4323 | 526 vars (read-only) The window |w:| variables. Attribute is |
| 527 unassignable, but you can change window | |
| 528 variables this way | |
| 4350 | 529 options (read-only) The window-local options. Attribute is |
| 530 unassignable, but you can change window | |
| 531 options this way. Provides access only to | |
| 532 window-local options, for buffer-local use | |
| 533 |python-buffer| and for global ones use | |
| 534 |python-options|. If option is |global-local| | |
| 535 and local value is missing getting it will | |
| 536 return None. | |
| 4379 | 537 number (read-only) Window number. The first window has number 1. |
| 538 This is zero in case it cannot be determined | |
| 539 (e.g. when the window object belongs to other | |
| 540 tab page). | |
| 4431 | 541 row, col (read-only) On-screen window position in display cells. |
| 4383 | 542 First position is zero. |
| 4431 | 543 tabpage (read-only) Window tab page. |
| 4780 | 544 valid (read-write) True or False. Window object becomes invalid |
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545 when corresponding window is closed. |
| 4383 | 546 |
| 7 | 547 The height attribute is writable only if the screen is split horizontally. |
| 548 The width attribute is writable only if the screen is split vertically. | |
| 549 | |
| 4496 | 550 Window object type is available using "Window" attribute of vim module. |
| 551 | |
| 7 | 552 ============================================================================== |
| 4401 | 553 6. Tab page objects *python-tabpage* |
| 554 | |
| 555 Tab page objects represent vim tab pages. You can obtain them in a number of | |
| 556 ways: | |
| 557 - via vim.current.tabpage (|python-current|) | |
| 558 - from indexing vim.tabpages (|python-tabpages|) | |
| 559 | |
| 560 You can use this object to access tab page windows. They have no methods and | |
| 561 no sequence or other interfaces. | |
| 562 | |
| 563 Tab page attributes are: | |
| 564 number The tab page number like the one returned by | |
| 565 |tabpagenr()|. | |
| 566 windows Like |python-windows|, but for current tab page. | |
| 567 vars The tab page |t:| variables. | |
| 568 window Current tabpage window. | |
| 4780 | 569 valid True or False. Tab page object becomes invalid when |
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570 corresponding tab page is closed. |
| 4401 | 571 |
| 4496 | 572 TabPage object type is available using "TabPage" attribute of vim module. |
| 573 | |
| 4401 | 574 ============================================================================== |
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575 7. vim.bindeval objects *python-bindeval-objects* |
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576 |
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577 vim.Dictionary object *python-Dictionary* |
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578 Dictionary-like object providing access to vim |Dictionary| type. |
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579 Attributes: |
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580 Attribute Description ~ |
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581 locked One of *python-.locked* |
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582 Value Description ~ |
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583 zero Variable is not locked |
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584 vim.VAR_LOCKED Variable is locked, but can be unlocked |
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585 vim.VAR_FIXED Variable is locked and can't be unlocked |
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586 Read-write. You can unlock locked variable by assigning |
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587 `True` or `False` to this attribute. No recursive locking |
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588 is supported. |
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589 scope One of |
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590 Value Description ~ |
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591 zero Dictionary is not a scope one |
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592 vim.VAR_DEF_SCOPE |g:| or |l:| dictionary |
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593 vim.VAR_SCOPE Other scope dictionary, |
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594 see |internal-variables| |
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595 Methods (note: methods do not support keyword arguments): |
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596 Method Description ~ |
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597 keys() Returns a list with dictionary keys. |
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598 values() Returns a list with dictionary values. |
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599 items() Returns a list of 2-tuples with dictionary contents. |
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600 update(iterable), update(dictionary), update(**kwargs) |
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601 Adds keys to dictionary. |
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602 get(key[, default=None]) |
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603 Obtain key from dictionary, returning the default if it is |
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604 not present. |
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605 pop(key[, default]) |
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606 Remove specified key from dictionary and return |
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607 corresponding value. If key is not found and default is |
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608 given returns the default, otherwise raises KeyError. |
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609 popitem() |
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610 Remove random key from dictionary and return (key, value) |
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611 pair. |
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612 has_key(key) |
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613 Check whether dictionary contains specified key, similar |
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614 to `key in dict`. |
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615 |
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616 __new__(), __new__(iterable), __new__(dictionary), __new__(update) |
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617 You can use `vim.Dictionary()` to create new vim |
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618 dictionaries. `d=vim.Dictionary(arg)` is the same as |
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619 `d=vim.bindeval('{}');d.update(arg)`. Without arguments |
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620 constructs empty dictionary. |
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621 |
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622 Examples: > |
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623 d = vim.Dictionary(food="bar") # Constructor |
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624 d['a'] = 'b' # Item assignment |
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625 print d['a'] # getting item |
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626 d.update({'c': 'd'}) # .update(dictionary) |
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627 d.update(e='f') # .update(**kwargs) |
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628 d.update((('g', 'h'), ('i', 'j'))) # .update(iterable) |
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629 for key in d.keys(): # .keys() |
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630 for val in d.values(): # .values() |
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631 for key, val in d.items(): # .items() |
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632 print isinstance(d, vim.Dictionary) # True |
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633 for key in d: # Iteration over keys |
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634 class Dict(vim.Dictionary): # Subclassing |
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635 < |
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636 Note: when iterating over keys you should not modify dictionary. |
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637 |
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638 vim.List object *python-List* |
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639 Sequence-like object providing access to vim |List| type. |
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640 Supports `.locked` attribute, see |python-.locked|. Also supports the |
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641 following methods: |
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642 Method Description ~ |
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643 extend(item) Add items to the list. |
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644 |
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645 __new__(), __new__(iterable) |
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646 You can use `vim.List()` to create new vim lists. |
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647 `l=vim.List(iterable)` is the same as |
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648 `l=vim.bindeval('[]');l.extend(iterable)`. Without |
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649 arguments constructs empty list. |
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650 Examples: > |
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651 l = vim.List("abc") # Constructor, result: ['a', 'b', 'c'] |
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652 l.extend(['abc', 'def']) # .extend() method |
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653 print l[1:] # slicing |
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654 l[:0] = ['ghi', 'jkl'] # slice assignment |
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655 print l[0] # getting item |
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656 l[0] = 'mno' # assignment |
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657 for i in l: # iteration |
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658 print isinstance(l, vim.List) # True |
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659 class List(vim.List): # Subclassing |
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660 |
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661 vim.Function object *python-Function* |
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662 Function-like object, acting like vim |Funcref| object. Accepts special |
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663 keyword argument `self`, see |Dictionary-function|. You can also use |
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664 `vim.Function(name)` constructor, it is the same as |
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665 `vim.bindeval('function(%s)'%json.dumps(name))`. |
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666 |
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667 Attributes (read-only): |
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668 Attribute Description ~ |
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669 name Function name. |
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670 args `None` or a |python-List| object with arguments. Note |
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671 that this is a copy of the arguments list, constructed |
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672 each time you request this attribute. Modifications made |
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673 to the list will be ignored (but not to the containers |
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674 inside argument list: this is like |copy()| and not |
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675 |deepcopy()|). |
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676 self `None` or a |python-Dictionary| object with self |
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677 dictionary. Note that explicit `self` keyword used when |
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678 calling resulting object overrides this attribute. |
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679 auto_rebind Boolean. True if partial created from this Python object |
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680 and stored in the Vim script dictionary should be |
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681 automatically rebound to the dictionary it is stored in |
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682 when this dictionary is indexed. Exposes Vim internal |
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683 difference between `dict.func` (auto_rebind=True) and |
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684 `function(dict.func,dict)` (auto_rebind=False). This |
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685 attribute makes no sense if `self` attribute is `None`. |
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686 |
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687 Constructor additionally accepts `args`, `self` and `auto_rebind` |
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688 keywords. If `args` and/or `self` argument is given then it constructs |
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689 a partial, see |function()|. `auto_rebind` is only used when `self` |
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690 argument is given, otherwise it is assumed to be `True` regardless of |
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691 whether it was given or not. If `self` is given then it defaults to |
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692 `False`. |
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693 |
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694 Examples: > |
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695 f = vim.Function('tr') # Constructor |
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696 print f('abc', 'a', 'b') # Calls tr('abc', 'a', 'b') |
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697 vim.command(''' |
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698 function DictFun() dict |
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699 return self |
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700 endfunction |
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701 ''') |
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702 f = vim.bindeval('function("DictFun")') |
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703 print f(self={}) # Like call('DictFun', [], {}) |
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704 print isinstance(f, vim.Function) # True |
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705 |
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706 p = vim.Function('DictFun', self={}) |
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707 print f() |
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708 p = vim.Function('tr', args=['abc', 'a']) |
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709 print f('b') |
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710 |
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711 ============================================================================== |
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712 8. pyeval() and py3eval() Vim functions *python-pyeval* |
| 3682 | 713 |
| 714 To facilitate bi-directional interface, you can use |pyeval()| and |py3eval()| | |
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715 functions to evaluate Python expressions and pass their values to Vim script. |
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716 |pyxeval()| is also available. |
| 3682 | 717 |
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718 The Python value "None" is converted to v:none. |
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719 |
| 3682 | 720 ============================================================================== |
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721 9. Dynamic loading *python-dynamic* |
| 557 | 722 |
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723 On MS-Windows and Unix the Python library can be loaded dynamically. The |
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724 |:version| output then includes |+python/dyn| or |+python3/dyn|. |
| 557 | 725 |
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726 This means that Vim will search for the Python DLL or shared library file only |
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727 when needed. When you don't use the Python interface you don't need it, thus |
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728 you can use Vim without this file. |
| 557 | 729 |
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730 |
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731 MS-Windows ~ |
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732 |
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733 To use the Python interface the Python DLL must be in your search path. In a |
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734 console window type "path" to see what directories are used. The 'pythondll' |
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735 or 'pythonthreedll' option can be also used to specify the Python DLL. |
| 557 | 736 |
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737 The name of the DLL should match the Python version Vim was compiled with. |
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738 Currently the name for Python 2 is "python27.dll", that is for Python 2.7. |
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739 That is the default value for 'pythondll'. For Python 3 it is python35.dll |
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740 (Python 3.5). To know for sure edit "gvim.exe" and search for |
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741 "python\d*.dll\c". |
| 557 | 742 |
|
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743 |
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744 Unix ~ |
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745 |
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746 The 'pythondll' or 'pythonthreedll' option can be used to specify the Python |
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747 shared library file instead of DYNAMIC_PYTHON_DLL or DYNAMIC_PYTHON3_DLL file |
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748 what were specified at compile time. The version of the shared library must |
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749 match the Python 2.x or Python 3 version Vim was compiled with. |
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750 |
| 557 | 751 ============================================================================== |
|
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752 10. Python 3 *python3* |
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753 |
|
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754 *:py3* *:python3* |
| 4435 | 755 The `:py3` and `:python3` commands work similar to `:python`. A simple check |
| 4098 | 756 if the `:py3` command is working: > |
| 3750 | 757 :py3 print("Hello") |
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758 |
|
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759 To see what version of Python you have: > |
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760 :py3 import sys |
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761 :py3 print(sys.version) |
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762 < *:py3file* |
| 4435 | 763 The `:py3file` command works similar to `:pyfile`. |
|
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764 *:py3do* |
| 4435 | 765 The `:py3do` command works similar to `:pydo`. |
| 4417 | 766 |
| 3682 | 767 |
|
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768 Vim can be built in four ways (:version output): |
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769 1. No Python support (-python, -python3) |
|
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770 2. Python 2 support only (+python or +python/dyn, -python3) |
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771 3. Python 3 support only (-python, +python3 or +python3/dyn) |
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772 4. Python 2 and 3 support (+python/dyn, +python3/dyn) |
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773 |
| 5220 | 774 Some more details on the special case 4: *python-2-and-3* |
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775 |
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776 When Python 2 and Python 3 are both supported they must be loaded dynamically. |
| 2540 | 777 |
|
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778 When doing this on Linux/Unix systems and importing global symbols, this leads |
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779 to a crash when the second Python version is used. So either global symbols |
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780 are loaded but only one Python version is activated, or no global symbols are |
|
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781 loaded. The latter makes Python's "import" fail on libraries that expect the |
|
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782 symbols to be provided by Vim. |
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783 *E836* *E837* |
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|
784 Vim's configuration script makes a guess for all libraries based on one |
|
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Preparations for 7.3f release.
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|
785 standard Python library (termios). If importing this library succeeds for |
|
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Preparations for 7.3f release.
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|
786 both Python versions, then both will be made available in Vim at the same |
|
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Preparations for 7.3f release.
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|
787 time. If not, only the version first used in a session will be enabled. |
|
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|
788 When trying to use the other one you will get the E836 or E837 error message. |
|
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Preparations for 7.3f release.
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|
789 |
|
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Preparations for 7.3f release.
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|
790 Here Vim's behavior depends on the system in which it was configured. In a |
|
84ba6293f9d7
Preparations for 7.3f release.
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|
791 system where both versions of Python were configured with --enable-shared, |
|
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Preparations for 7.3f release.
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|
792 both versions of Python will be activated at the same time. There will still |
|
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|
793 be problems with other third party libraries that were not linked to |
|
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Preparations for 7.3f release.
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|
794 libPython. |
|
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795 |
|
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|
796 To work around such problems there are these options: |
|
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|
797 1. The problematic library is recompiled to link to the according |
|
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Preparations for 7.3f release.
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798 libpython.so. |
|
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799 2. Vim is recompiled for only one Python version. |
|
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800 3. You undefine PY_NO_RTLD_GLOBAL in auto/config.h after configuration. This |
|
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801 may crash Vim though. |
|
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802 |
|
5088
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803 *E880* |
|
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804 Raising SystemExit exception in python isn't endorsed way to quit vim, use: > |
|
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805 :py vim.command("qall!") |
|
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806 < |
|
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|
807 |
| 2826 | 808 *has-python* |
| 809 You can test what Python version is available with: > | |
| 810 if has('python') | |
| 3082 | 811 echo 'there is Python 2.x' |
| 2826 | 812 elseif has('python3') |
| 813 echo 'there is Python 3.x' | |
| 814 endif | |
| 815 | |
| 816 Note however, that when Python 2 and 3 are both available and loaded | |
| 817 dynamically, these has() calls will try to load them. If only one can be | |
| 818 loaded at a time, just checking if Python 2 or 3 are available will prevent | |
| 819 the other one from being available. | |
|
2340
99c1eba60b2d
Make automatic prototype generation work with more interfaces.
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820 |
|
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821 ============================================================================== |
|
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822 11. Python X *python_x* *pythonx* |
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823 |
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824 Because most python code can be written so that it works with python 2.6+ and |
| 11062 | 825 python 3 the pyx* functions and commands have been written. They work exactly |
|
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826 the same as the Python 2 and 3 variants, but select the Python version using |
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827 the 'pyxversion' setting. |
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828 |
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829 You should set 'pyxversion' in your |.vimrc| to prefer Python 2 or Python 3 |
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830 for Python commands. If you change this setting at runtime you may risk that |
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831 state of plugins (such as initialization) may be lost. |
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832 |
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833 If you want to use a module, you can put it in the {rtp}/pythonx directory. |
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834 See |pythonx-directory|. |
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835 |
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|
836 *:pyx* *:pythonx* |
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837 The `:pyx` and `:pythonx` commands work similar to `:python`. A simple check |
|
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838 if the `:pyx` command is working: > |
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839 :pyx print("Hello") |
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840 |
|
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841 To see what version of Python is being used: > |
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842 :pyx import sys |
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843 :pyx print(sys.version) |
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844 < |
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845 *:pyxfile* *python_x-special-comments* |
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846 The `:pyxfile` command works similar to `:pyfile`. However you can add one of |
|
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847 these comments to force Vim using `:pyfile` or `:py3file`: > |
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848 #!/any string/python2 " Shebang. Must be the first line of the file. |
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849 #!/any string/python3 " Shebang. Must be the first line of the file. |
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850 # requires python 2.x " Maximum lines depend on 'modelines'. |
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851 # requires python 3.x " Maximum lines depend on 'modelines'. |
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852 Unlike normal modelines, the bottom of the file is not checked. |
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853 If none of them are found, the 'pyxversion' setting is used. |
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854 *W20* *W21* |
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855 If Vim does not support the selected Python version a silent message will be |
|
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856 printed. Use `:messages` to read them. |
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857 |
|
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858 *:pyxdo* |
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859 The `:pyxdo` command works similar to `:pydo`. |
|
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|
860 |
|
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861 *has-pythonx* |
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|
862 You can test if pyx* commands are available with: > |
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863 if has('pythonx') |
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|
864 echo 'pyx* commands are available. (Python ' . &pyx . ')' |
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865 endif |
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|
866 |
|
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|
867 When compiled with only one of |+python| or |+python3|, the has() returns 1. |
|
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868 When compiled with both |+python| and |+python3|, the test depends on the |
|
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869 'pyxversion' setting. If 'pyxversion' is 0, it tests Python 3 first, and if |
|
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870 it is not available then Python 2. If 'pyxversion' is 2 or 3, it tests only |
|
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871 Python 2 or 3 respectively. |
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872 |
| 11062 | 873 Note that for `has('pythonx')` to work it may try to dynamically load Python 3 |
|
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874 or 2. This may have side effects, especially when Vim can only load one of |
|
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|
875 the two. |
|
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876 |
|
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|
877 If a user prefers Python 2 and want to fallback to Python 3, he needs to set |
|
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|
878 'pyxversion' explicitly in his |.vimrc|. E.g.: > |
|
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879 if has('python') |
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|
880 set pyx=2 |
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881 elseif has('python3') |
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882 set pyx=3 |
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883 endif |
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884 |
|
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885 ============================================================================== |
| 11160 | 886 12. Building with Python support *python-building* |
| 887 | |
| 888 A few hints for building with Python 2 or 3 support. | |
| 889 | |
| 890 UNIX | |
| 891 | |
| 892 See src/Makefile for how to enable including the Python interface. | |
| 893 | |
| 894 On Ubuntu you will want to install these packages for Python 2: | |
| 895 python | |
| 896 python-dev | |
| 897 For Python 3: | |
| 898 python3 | |
| 12045 | 899 python3-dev |
| 11160 | 900 For Python 3.6: |
| 901 python3.6 | |
| 12045 | 902 python3.6-dev |
| 11160 | 903 |
| 904 If you have more than one version of Python 3, you need to link python3 to the | |
| 905 one you prefer, before running configure. | |
| 906 | |
| 907 ============================================================================== | |
| 7 | 908 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |