Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/motion.txt @ 23945:ae156af6f28a
Added tag v8.2.2514 for changeset 6e593e0aaadf65fe1e6b8f35accc1d0246ab4f71
| author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Sun, 14 Feb 2021 14:15:04 +0100 |
| parents | 5b7ea82bc18f |
| children | 4ab4ef0c48b1 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 22723 | 1 *motion.txt* For Vim version 8.2. Last change: 2020 Oct 18 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 Cursor motions *cursor-motions* *navigation* | |
| 8 | |
| 9 These commands move the cursor position. If the new position is off of the | |
| 10 screen, the screen is scrolled to show the cursor (see also 'scrolljump' and | |
| 11 'scrolloff' options). | |
| 12 | |
| 13 1. Motions and operators |operator| | |
| 14 2. Left-right motions |left-right-motions| | |
| 15 3. Up-down motions |up-down-motions| | |
| 16 4. Word motions |word-motions| | |
| 17 5. Text object motions |object-motions| | |
| 18 6. Text object selection |object-select| | |
| 19 7. Marks |mark-motions| | |
| 20 8. Jumps |jump-motions| | |
| 21 9. Various motions |various-motions| | |
| 22 | |
| 23 General remarks: | |
| 24 | |
| 25 If you want to know where you are in the file use the "CTRL-G" command | |
| 26 |CTRL-G| or the "g CTRL-G" command |g_CTRL-G|. If you set the 'ruler' option, | |
| 27 the cursor position is continuously shown in the status line (which slows down | |
| 28 Vim a little). | |
| 29 | |
| 30 Experienced users prefer the hjkl keys because they are always right under | |
| 31 their fingers. Beginners often prefer the arrow keys, because they do not | |
| 32 know what the hjkl keys do. The mnemonic value of hjkl is clear from looking | |
| 33 at the keyboard. Think of j as an arrow pointing downwards. | |
| 34 | |
| 35 The 'virtualedit' option can be set to make it possible to move the cursor to | |
| 36 positions where there is no character or halfway a character. | |
| 37 | |
| 38 ============================================================================== | |
| 39 1. Motions and operators *operator* | |
| 40 | |
| 41 The motion commands can be used after an operator command, to have the command | |
| 42 operate on the text that was moved over. That is the text between the cursor | |
| 43 position before and after the motion. Operators are generally used to delete | |
| 44 or change text. The following operators are available: | |
| 45 | |
| 46 |c| c change | |
| 47 |d| d delete | |
| 48 |y| y yank into register (does not change the text) | |
| 49 |~| ~ swap case (only if 'tildeop' is set) | |
| 50 |g~| g~ swap case | |
| 51 |gu| gu make lowercase | |
| 52 |gU| gU make uppercase | |
| 53 |!| ! filter through an external program | |
| 54 |=| = filter through 'equalprg' or C-indenting if empty | |
| 55 |gq| gq text formatting | |
| 16808 | 56 |gw| gw text formatting with no cursor movement |
| 7 | 57 |g?| g? ROT13 encoding |
| 58 |>| > shift right | |
| 59 |<| < shift left | |
| 60 |zf| zf define a fold | |
| 3713 | 61 |g@| g@ call function set with the 'operatorfunc' option |
| 7 | 62 |
| 63 If the motion includes a count and the operator also had a count before it, | |
| 64 the two counts are multiplied. For example: "2d3w" deletes six words. | |
| 65 | |
| 66 After applying the operator the cursor is mostly left at the start of the text | |
| 67 that was operated upon. For example, "yfe" doesn't move the cursor, but "yFe" | |
| 68 moves the cursor leftwards to the "e" where the yank started. | |
| 69 | |
| 70 *linewise* *characterwise* | |
| 71 The operator either affects whole lines, or the characters between the start | |
| 72 and end position. Generally, motions that move between lines affect lines | |
| 73 (are linewise), and motions that move within a line affect characters (are | |
| 74 characterwise). However, there are some exceptions. | |
| 75 | |
| 76 *exclusive* *inclusive* | |
| 456 | 77 A character motion is either inclusive or exclusive. When inclusive, the |
| 78 start and end position of the motion are included in the operation. When | |
| 79 exclusive, the last character towards the end of the buffer is not included. | |
| 80 Linewise motions always include the start and end position. | |
| 7 | 81 |
| 456 | 82 Which motions are linewise, inclusive or exclusive is mentioned with the |
| 83 command. There are however, two general exceptions: | |
| 7 | 84 1. If the motion is exclusive and the end of the motion is in column 1, the |
| 85 end of the motion is moved to the end of the previous line and the motion | |
| 86 becomes inclusive. Example: "}" moves to the first line after a paragraph, | |
| 87 but "d}" will not include that line. | |
| 20 | 88 *exclusive-linewise* |
| 7 | 89 2. If the motion is exclusive, the end of the motion is in column 1 and the |
| 90 start of the motion was at or before the first non-blank in the line, the | |
| 91 motion becomes linewise. Example: If a paragraph begins with some blanks | |
| 92 and you do "d}" while standing on the first non-blank, all the lines of | |
| 93 the paragraph are deleted, including the blanks. If you do a put now, the | |
| 94 deleted lines will be inserted below the cursor position. | |
| 95 | |
| 96 Note that when the operator is pending (the operator command is typed, but the | |
| 97 motion isn't yet), a special set of mappings can be used. See |:omap|. | |
| 98 | |
| 99 Instead of first giving the operator and then a motion you can use Visual | |
| 100 mode: mark the start of the text with "v", move the cursor to the end of the | |
| 101 text that is to be affected and then hit the operator. The text between the | |
| 102 start and the cursor position is highlighted, so you can see what text will | |
| 103 be operated upon. This allows much more freedom, but requires more key | |
| 104 strokes and has limited redo functionality. See the chapter on Visual mode | |
| 105 |Visual-mode|. | |
| 106 | |
| 107 You can use a ":" command for a motion. For example "d:call FindEnd()". | |
| 4229 | 108 But this can't be repeated with "." if the command is more than one line. |
| 7 | 109 This can be repeated: > |
| 110 d:call search("f")<CR> | |
| 111 This cannot be repeated: > | |
| 112 d:if 1<CR> | |
| 113 call search("f")<CR> | |
| 114 endif<CR> | |
| 4229 | 115 Note that when using ":" any motion becomes characterwise exclusive. |
| 7 | 116 |
| 15281 | 117 *forced-motion* |
| 7 | 118 FORCING A MOTION TO BE LINEWISE, CHARACTERWISE OR BLOCKWISE |
| 119 | |
| 120 When a motion is not of the type you would like to use, you can force another | |
| 121 type by using "v", "V" or CTRL-V just after the operator. | |
| 122 Example: > | |
| 123 dj | |
| 124 deletes two lines > | |
| 125 dvj | |
| 126 deletes from the cursor position until the character below the cursor > | |
| 127 d<C-V>j | |
| 128 deletes the character under the cursor and the character below the cursor. > | |
| 129 | |
| 130 Be careful with forcing a linewise movement to be used characterwise or | |
| 131 blockwise, the column may not always be defined. | |
| 132 | |
| 133 *o_v* | |
| 134 v When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
| 135 the operator to work characterwise, also when the motion is | |
| 136 linewise. If the motion was linewise, it will become | |
| 137 |exclusive|. | |
| 138 If the motion already was characterwise, toggle | |
| 139 inclusive/exclusive. This can be used to make an exclusive | |
| 140 motion inclusive and an inclusive motion exclusive. | |
| 141 | |
| 142 *o_V* | |
| 143 V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
| 144 the operator to work linewise, also when the motion is | |
| 145 characterwise. | |
| 146 | |
| 147 *o_CTRL-V* | |
| 148 CTRL-V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
| 149 the operator to work blockwise. This works like Visual block | |
| 150 mode selection, with the corners defined by the cursor | |
| 151 position before and after the motion. | |
| 152 | |
| 153 ============================================================================== | |
| 154 2. Left-right motions *left-right-motions* | |
| 155 | |
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156 These commands move the cursor to the specified column in the current line. |
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157 They stop at the first column and at the end of the line, except "$", which |
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158 may move to one of the next lines. See 'whichwrap' option to make some of the |
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159 commands move across line boundaries. |
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160 |
| 7 | 161 h or *h* |
| 162 <Left> or *<Left>* | |
| 163 CTRL-H or *CTRL-H* *<BS>* | |
| 164 <BS> [count] characters to the left. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 165 Note: If you prefer <BS> to delete a character, use | |
| 166 the mapping: | |
| 167 :map CTRL-V<BS> X | |
| 168 (to enter "CTRL-V<BS>" type the CTRL-V key, followed | |
| 169 by the <BS> key) | |
| 170 See |:fixdel| if the <BS> key does not do what you | |
| 171 want. | |
| 172 | |
| 173 l or *l* | |
| 174 <Right> or *<Right>* *<Space>* | |
| 175 <Space> [count] characters to the right. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 6823 | 176 See the 'whichwrap' option for adjusting the behavior |
| 177 at end of line | |
| 7 | 178 |
| 179 *0* | |
| 180 0 To the first character of the line. |exclusive| | |
| 1121 | 181 motion. |
| 7 | 182 |
| 183 *<Home>* *<kHome>* | |
| 184 <Home> To the first character of the line. |exclusive| | |
| 1121 | 185 motion. When moving up or down next, stay in same |
| 186 TEXT column (if possible). Most other commands stay | |
| 187 in the same SCREEN column. <Home> works like "1|", | |
| 188 which differs from "0" when the line starts with a | |
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189 <Tab>. |
| 7 | 190 |
| 191 *^* | |
| 192 ^ To the first non-blank character of the line. | |
| 22723 | 193 |exclusive| motion. Any count is ignored. |
| 7 | 194 |
| 195 *$* *<End>* *<kEnd>* | |
| 196 $ or <End> To the end of the line. When a count is given also go | |
| 22723 | 197 [count - 1] lines downward, or as far is possible. |
| 198 |inclusive| motion. If a count of 2 of larger is | |
| 199 given and the cursor is on the last line, that is an | |
| 200 error an the cursor doesn't move. | |
| 7 | 201 In Visual mode the cursor goes to just after the last |
| 202 character in the line. | |
| 203 When 'virtualedit' is active, "$" may move the cursor | |
| 204 back from past the end of the line to the last | |
| 205 character in the line. | |
| 206 | |
| 207 *g_* | |
| 208 g_ To the last non-blank character of the line and | |
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209 [count - 1] lines downward |inclusive|. |
| 7 | 210 |
| 211 *g0* *g<Home>* | |
| 212 g0 or g<Home> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first character of | |
| 213 the screen line. |exclusive| motion. Differs from | |
| 214 "0" when a line is wider than the screen. | |
| 215 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost | |
| 216 character of the current line that is on the screen. | |
| 217 Differs from "0" when the first character of the line | |
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218 is not on the screen. |
| 7 | 219 |
| 220 *g^* | |
| 221 g^ When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first non-blank | |
| 222 character of the screen line. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 223 Differs from "^" when a line is wider than the screen. | |
| 224 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost | |
| 225 non-blank character of the current line that is on the | |
| 226 screen. Differs from "^" when the first non-blank | |
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227 character of the line is not on the screen. |
| 7 | 228 |
| 229 *gm* | |
| 230 gm Like "g0", but half a screenwidth to the right (or as | |
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231 much as possible). |
| 7 | 232 |
| 18489 | 233 *gM* |
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234 gM Like "g0", but to halfway the text of the line. |
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235 With a count: to this percentage of text in the line. |
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236 Thus "10gM" is near the start of the text and "90gM" |
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237 is near the end of the text. |
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238 |
| 7 | 239 *g$* *g<End>* |
| 240 g$ or g<End> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the last character of | |
| 241 the screen line and [count - 1] screen lines downward | |
| 242 |inclusive|. Differs from "$" when a line is wider | |
| 243 than the screen. | |
| 244 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the rightmost | |
| 245 character of the current line that is visible on the | |
| 246 screen. Differs from "$" when the last character of | |
| 247 the line is not on the screen or when a count is used. | |
| 248 Additionally, vertical movements keep the column, | |
| 249 instead of going to the end of the line. | |
| 5220 | 250 When 'virtualedit' is enabled moves to the end of the |
| 251 screen line. | |
| 7 | 252 |
| 253 *bar* | |
| 254 | To screen column [count] in the current line. | |
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255 |exclusive| motion. Ceci n'est pas une pipe. |
| 7 | 256 |
| 257 *f* | |
| 258 f{char} To [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the right. The | |
| 259 cursor is placed on {char} |inclusive|. | |
| 260 {char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|. | |
| 261 When 'encoding' is set to Unicode, composing | |
| 262 characters may be used, see |utf-8-char-arg|. | |
| 263 |:lmap| mappings apply to {char}. The CTRL-^ command | |
| 264 in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off | |
| 265 |i_CTRL-^|. | |
| 266 | |
| 267 *F* | |
| 268 F{char} To the [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the left. | |
| 456 | 269 The cursor is placed on {char} |exclusive|. |
| 7 | 270 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. |
| 271 | |
| 272 *t* | |
| 273 t{char} Till before [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the | |
| 274 right. The cursor is placed on the character left of | |
| 275 {char} |inclusive|. | |
| 276 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. | |
| 277 | |
| 278 *T* | |
| 279 T{char} Till after [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the | |
| 280 left. The cursor is placed on the character right of | |
| 456 | 281 {char} |exclusive|. |
| 7 | 282 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. |
| 283 | |
| 284 *;* | |
| 2925 | 285 ; Repeat latest f, t, F or T [count] times. See |cpo-;| |
| 7 | 286 |
| 287 *,* | |
| 288 , Repeat latest f, t, F or T in opposite direction | |
| 2925 | 289 [count] times. See also |cpo-;| |
| 7 | 290 |
| 291 ============================================================================== | |
| 292 3. Up-down motions *up-down-motions* | |
| 293 | |
| 294 k or *k* | |
| 295 <Up> or *<Up>* *CTRL-P* | |
| 296 CTRL-P [count] lines upward |linewise|. | |
| 297 | |
| 298 j or *j* | |
| 299 <Down> or *<Down>* | |
| 300 CTRL-J or *CTRL-J* | |
| 301 <NL> or *<NL>* *CTRL-N* | |
| 302 CTRL-N [count] lines downward |linewise|. | |
| 303 | |
| 304 gk or *gk* *g<Up>* | |
| 305 g<Up> [count] display lines upward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 306 Differs from 'k' when lines wrap, and when used with | |
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307 an operator, because it's not linewise. |
| 7 | 308 |
| 309 gj or *gj* *g<Down>* | |
| 310 g<Down> [count] display lines downward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 311 Differs from 'j' when lines wrap, and when used with | |
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312 an operator, because it's not linewise. |
| 7 | 313 |
| 314 *-* | |
| 315 - <minus> [count] lines upward, on the first non-blank | |
| 316 character |linewise|. | |
| 317 | |
| 318 + or *+* | |
| 319 CTRL-M or *CTRL-M* *<CR>* | |
| 320 <CR> [count] lines downward, on the first non-blank | |
| 321 character |linewise|. | |
| 322 | |
| 323 *_* | |
| 324 _ <underscore> [count] - 1 lines downward, on the first non-blank | |
| 325 character |linewise|. | |
| 326 | |
| 327 *G* | |
| 328 G Goto line [count], default last line, on the first | |
| 329 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not | |
| 330 set, keep the same column. | |
| 16023 | 331 G is one of the |jump-motions|. |
| 7 | 332 |
| 333 *<C-End>* | |
| 334 <C-End> Goto line [count], default last line, on the last | |
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335 character |inclusive|. |
| 7 | 336 |
| 337 <C-Home> or *gg* *<C-Home>* | |
| 338 gg Goto line [count], default first line, on the first | |
| 339 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not | |
| 340 set, keep the same column. | |
| 341 | |
| 3750 | 342 *:[range]* |
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343 :[range] Set the cursor on the last line number in [range]. |
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344 [range] can also be just one line number, e.g., ":1" |
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345 or ":'m". |
| 2152 | 346 In contrast with |G| this command does not modify the |
| 347 |jumplist|. | |
| 7 | 348 *N%* |
| 349 {count}% Go to {count} percentage in the file, on the first | |
| 350 non-blank in the line |linewise|. To compute the new | |
| 351 line number this formula is used: | |
| 352 ({count} * number-of-lines + 99) / 100 | |
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353 See also 'startofline' option. |
| 7 | 354 |
| 355 :[range]go[to] [count] *:go* *:goto* *go* | |
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356 [count]go Go to [count] byte in the buffer. Default [count] is |
| 7 | 357 one, start of the file. When giving [range], the |
| 358 last number in it used as the byte count. End-of-line | |
| 359 characters are counted depending on the current | |
| 360 'fileformat' setting. | |
| 2908 | 361 Also see the |line2byte()| function, and the 'o' |
| 362 option in 'statusline'. | |
| 7 | 363 {not available when compiled without the |
| 364 |+byte_offset| feature} | |
| 365 | |
| 366 These commands move to the specified line. They stop when reaching the first | |
| 367 or the last line. The first two commands put the cursor in the same column | |
| 368 (if possible) as it was after the last command that changed the column, | |
| 369 except after the "$" command, then the cursor will be put on the last | |
| 370 character of the line. | |
| 371 | |
| 161 | 372 If "k", "-" or CTRL-P is used with a [count] and there are less than [count] |
| 373 lines above the cursor and the 'cpo' option includes the "-" flag it is an | |
| 374 error. |cpo--|. | |
| 375 | |
| 7 | 376 ============================================================================== |
| 377 4. Word motions *word-motions* | |
| 378 | |
| 379 <S-Right> or *<S-Right>* *w* | |
| 380 w [count] words forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 381 | |
| 382 <C-Right> or *<C-Right>* *W* | |
| 383 W [count] WORDS forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 384 | |
| 385 *e* | |
| 386 e Forward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|. | |
| 1621 | 387 Does not stop in an empty line. |
| 7 | 388 |
| 389 *E* | |
| 390 E Forward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|. | |
| 1621 | 391 Does not stop in an empty line. |
| 7 | 392 |
| 393 <S-Left> or *<S-Left>* *b* | |
| 394 b [count] words backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 395 | |
| 396 <C-Left> or *<C-Left>* *B* | |
| 397 B [count] WORDS backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 398 | |
| 399 *ge* | |
| 400 ge Backward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|. | |
| 401 | |
| 402 *gE* | |
| 403 gE Backward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|. | |
| 404 | |
| 405 These commands move over words or WORDS. | |
| 406 *word* | |
| 407 A word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores, or a | |
| 408 sequence of other non-blank characters, separated with white space (spaces, | |
| 625 | 409 tabs, <EOL>). This can be changed with the 'iskeyword' option. An empty line |
| 410 is also considered to be a word. | |
| 7 | 411 *WORD* |
| 412 A WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white | |
| 625 | 413 space. An empty line is also considered to be a WORD. |
| 7 | 414 |
| 415 A sequence of folded lines is counted for one word of a single character. | |
| 416 "w" and "W", "e" and "E" move to the start/end of the first word or WORD after | |
| 417 a range of folded lines. "b" and "B" move to the start of the first word or | |
| 418 WORD before the fold. | |
| 419 | |
| 420 Special case: "cw" and "cW" are treated like "ce" and "cE" if the cursor is | |
| 421 on a non-blank. This is because "cw" is interpreted as change-word, and a | |
| 16610 | 422 word does not include the following white space. |
| 7 | 423 |
| 424 Another special case: When using the "w" motion in combination with an | |
| 425 operator and the last word moved over is at the end of a line, the end of | |
| 426 that word becomes the end of the operated text, not the first word in the | |
| 427 next line. | |
| 428 | |
| 429 The original Vi implementation of "e" is buggy. For example, the "e" command | |
| 430 will stop on the first character of a line if the previous line was empty. | |
| 431 But when you use "2e" this does not happen. In Vim "ee" and "2e" are the | |
| 432 same, which is more logical. However, this causes a small incompatibility | |
| 433 between Vi and Vim. | |
| 434 | |
| 435 ============================================================================== | |
| 436 5. Text object motions *object-motions* | |
| 437 | |
| 438 *(* | |
| 439 ( [count] sentences backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 440 | |
| 441 *)* | |
| 442 ) [count] sentences forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 443 | |
| 444 *{* | |
| 445 { [count] paragraphs backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 446 | |
| 447 *}* | |
| 448 } [count] paragraphs forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 449 | |
| 450 *]]* | |
| 451 ]] [count] sections forward or to the next '{' in the | |
| 20 | 452 first column. When used after an operator, then also |
| 453 stops below a '}' in the first column. |exclusive| | |
| 454 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
| 7 | 455 |
| 456 *][* | |
| 457 ][ [count] sections forward or to the next '}' in the | |
| 20 | 458 first column. |exclusive| |
| 459 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
| 7 | 460 |
| 461 *[[* | |
| 462 [[ [count] sections backward or to the previous '{' in | |
| 20 | 463 the first column. |exclusive| |
| 464 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
| 7 | 465 |
| 466 *[]* | |
| 467 [] [count] sections backward or to the previous '}' in | |
| 20 | 468 the first column. |exclusive| |
| 469 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
| 7 | 470 |
| 471 These commands move over three kinds of text objects. | |
| 472 | |
| 473 *sentence* | |
| 474 A sentence is defined as ending at a '.', '!' or '?' followed by either the | |
| 475 end of a line, or by a space or tab. Any number of closing ')', ']', '"' | |
| 476 and ''' characters may appear after the '.', '!' or '?' before the spaces, | |
| 477 tabs or end of line. A paragraph and section boundary is also a sentence | |
| 478 boundary. | |
| 479 If the 'J' flag is present in 'cpoptions', at least two spaces have to | |
| 480 follow the punctuation mark; <Tab>s are not recognized as white space. | |
| 481 The definition of a sentence cannot be changed. | |
| 482 | |
| 483 *paragraph* | |
| 484 A paragraph begins after each empty line, and also at each of a set of | |
| 485 paragraph macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the 'paragraphs' | |
| 1621 | 486 option. The default is "IPLPPPQPP TPHPLIPpLpItpplpipbp", which corresponds to |
| 487 the macros ".IP", ".LP", etc. (These are nroff macros, so the dot must be in | |
| 488 the first column). A section boundary is also a paragraph boundary. | |
| 164 | 489 Note that a blank line (only containing white space) is NOT a paragraph |
| 490 boundary. | |
| 491 Also note that this does not include a '{' or '}' in the first column. When | |
| 492 the '{' flag is in 'cpoptions' then '{' in the first column is used as a | |
| 493 paragraph boundary |posix|. | |
| 7 | 494 |
| 495 *section* | |
| 496 A section begins after a form-feed (<C-L>) in the first column and at each of | |
| 497 a set of section macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the | |
| 498 'sections' option. The default is "SHNHH HUnhsh", which defines a section to | |
| 499 start at the nroff macros ".SH", ".NH", ".H", ".HU", ".nh" and ".sh". | |
| 500 | |
| 21991 | 501 The "]]" and "[[" commands stop at the '{' in the first column. This is |
| 502 useful to find the start of a function in a C program. To search for a '}' in | |
| 503 the first column, the end of a C function, use "][" (forward) or "[]" | |
| 504 (backward). Note that the first character of the command determines the | |
| 505 search direction. | |
| 7 | 506 |
| 507 If your '{' or '}' are not in the first column, and you would like to use "[[" | |
| 508 and "]]" anyway, try these mappings: > | |
| 509 :map [[ ?{<CR>w99[{ | |
| 510 :map ][ /}<CR>b99]} | |
| 511 :map ]] j0[[%/{<CR> | |
| 512 :map [] k$][%?}<CR> | |
| 513 [type these literally, see |<>|] | |
| 514 | |
| 515 ============================================================================== | |
| 516 6. Text object selection *object-select* *text-objects* | |
| 517 *v_a* *v_i* | |
| 518 | |
| 519 This is a series of commands that can only be used while in Visual mode or | |
| 520 after an operator. The commands that start with "a" select "a"n object | |
| 521 including white space, the commands starting with "i" select an "inner" object | |
| 522 without white space, or just the white space. Thus the "inner" commands | |
| 523 always select less text than the "a" commands. | |
| 524 | |
| 525 These commands are not available when the |+textobjects| feature has been | |
| 526 disabled at compile time. | |
| 3713 | 527 Also see `gn` and `gN`, operating on the last search pattern. |
| 528 | |
| 7 | 529 *v_aw* *aw* |
| 530 aw "a word", select [count] words (see |word|). | |
| 531 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not | |
| 532 counted. | |
| 533 When used in Visual linewise mode "aw" switches to | |
| 534 Visual characterwise mode. | |
| 535 | |
| 536 *v_iw* *iw* | |
| 537 iw "inner word", select [count] words (see |word|). | |
| 538 White space between words is counted too. | |
| 539 When used in Visual linewise mode "iw" switches to | |
| 540 Visual characterwise mode. | |
| 541 | |
| 542 *v_aW* *aW* | |
| 543 aW "a WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|). | |
| 544 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not | |
| 545 counted. | |
| 546 When used in Visual linewise mode "aW" switches to | |
| 547 Visual characterwise mode. | |
| 548 | |
| 549 *v_iW* *iW* | |
| 550 iW "inner WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|). | |
| 551 White space between words is counted too. | |
| 552 When used in Visual linewise mode "iW" switches to | |
| 553 Visual characterwise mode. | |
| 554 | |
| 555 *v_as* *as* | |
| 556 as "a sentence", select [count] sentences (see | |
| 557 |sentence|). | |
| 558 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 559 | |
| 560 *v_is* *is* | |
| 561 is "inner sentence", select [count] sentences (see | |
| 562 |sentence|). | |
| 563 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 564 | |
| 565 *v_ap* *ap* | |
| 566 ap "a paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see | |
| 567 |paragraph|). | |
| 568 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space) | |
| 569 is also a paragraph boundary. | |
| 570 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise. | |
| 571 | |
| 572 *v_ip* *ip* | |
| 573 ip "inner paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see | |
| 574 |paragraph|). | |
| 575 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space) | |
| 576 is also a paragraph boundary. | |
| 577 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise. | |
| 578 | |
| 579 a] *v_a]* *v_a[* *a]* *a[* | |
| 580 a[ "a [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This | |
| 581 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds | |
| 582 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected, | |
| 583 including the '[' and ']'. | |
| 584 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 585 | |
| 586 i] *v_i]* *v_i[* *i]* *i[* | |
| 587 i[ "inner [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This | |
| 588 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds | |
| 589 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected, | |
| 590 excluding the '[' and ']'. | |
| 591 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 592 | |
| 593 a) *v_a)* *a)* *a(* | |
|
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594 a( *vab* *v_ab* *v_a(* *ab* |
| 7 | 595 ab "a block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" to |
| 596 the matching ')', including the '(' and ')' (see | |
| 597 |[(|). Does not include white space outside of the | |
| 598 parenthesis. | |
| 599 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 600 | |
| 601 i) *v_i)* *i)* *i(* | |
|
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602 i( *vib* *v_ib* *v_i(* *ib* |
| 7 | 603 ib "inner block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" |
| 604 to the matching ')', excluding the '(' and ')' (see | |
| 605 |[(|). | |
| 606 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 607 | |
| 608 a> *v_a>* *v_a<* *a>* *a<* | |
| 609 a< "a <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from the | |
| 610 [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching | |
| 611 '>', including the '<' and '>'. | |
| 612 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 613 | |
| 614 i> *v_i>* *v_i<* *i>* *i<* | |
| 615 i< "inner <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from | |
| 616 the [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching | |
| 617 '>', excluding the '<' and '>'. | |
| 618 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 619 | |
| 422 | 620 *v_at* *at* |
| 621 at "a tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the | |
| 622 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching | |
| 623 "</aaa>", including the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>". | |
| 624 See |tag-blocks| about the details. | |
| 625 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 626 | |
| 627 *v_it* *it* | |
| 628 it "inner tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the | |
| 629 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching | |
| 630 "</aaa>", excluding the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>". | |
| 631 See |tag-blocks| about the details. | |
| 632 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 633 | |
| 7 | 634 a} *v_a}* *a}* *a{* |
| 635 a{ *v_aB* *v_a{* *aB* | |
| 636 aB "a Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" to | |
| 637 the matching '}', including the '{' and '}' (see | |
| 638 |[{|). | |
| 639 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 640 | |
| 641 i} *v_i}* *i}* *i{* | |
| 642 i{ *v_iB* *v_i{* *iB* | |
| 643 iB "inner Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" | |
| 644 to the matching '}', excluding the '{' and '}' (see | |
| 645 |[{|). | |
| 646 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 647 | |
| 12 | 648 a" *v_aquote* *aquote* |
| 649 a' *v_a'* *a'* | |
| 650 a` *v_a`* *a`* | |
| 651 "a quoted string". Selects the text from the previous | |
| 849 | 652 quote until the next quote. The 'quoteescape' option |
| 653 is used to skip escaped quotes. | |
| 654 Only works within one line. | |
| 12 | 655 When the cursor starts on a quote, Vim will figure out |
| 656 which quote pairs form a string by searching from the | |
| 657 start of the line. | |
|
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658 Any trailing white space is included, unless there is |
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659 none, then leading white space is included. |
| 12 | 660 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
| 661 Repeating this object in Visual mode another string is | |
| 662 included. A count is currently not used. | |
| 663 | |
| 664 i" *v_iquote* *iquote* | |
| 665 i' *v_i'* *i'* | |
| 666 i` *v_i`* *i`* | |
| 667 Like a", a' and a`, but exclude the quotes and | |
| 668 repeating won't extend the Visual selection. | |
| 527 | 669 Special case: With a count of 2 the quotes are |
| 670 included, but no extra white space as with a"/a'/a`. | |
| 12 | 671 |
| 7 | 672 When used after an operator: |
| 673 For non-block objects: | |
| 674 For the "a" commands: The operator applies to the object and the white | |
| 675 space after the object. If there is no white space after the object | |
| 676 or when the cursor was in the white space before the object, the white | |
| 677 space before the object is included. | |
| 678 For the "inner" commands: If the cursor was on the object, the | |
| 679 operator applies to the object. If the cursor was on white space, the | |
| 680 operator applies to the white space. | |
| 681 For a block object: | |
| 682 The operator applies to the block where the cursor is in, or the block | |
| 683 on which the cursor is on one of the braces. For the "inner" commands | |
| 684 the surrounding braces are excluded. For the "a" commands, the braces | |
| 685 are included. | |
| 686 | |
| 687 When used in Visual mode: | |
| 688 When start and end of the Visual area are the same (just after typing "v"): | |
| 689 One object is selected, the same as for using an operator. | |
| 690 When start and end of the Visual area are not the same: | |
| 691 For non-block objects the area is extended by one object or the white | |
| 692 space up to the next object, or both for the "a" objects. The | |
| 693 direction in which this happens depends on which side of the Visual | |
| 694 area the cursor is. For the block objects the block is extended one | |
| 695 level outwards. | |
| 696 | |
| 697 For illustration, here is a list of delete commands, grouped from small to big | |
| 698 objects. Note that for a single character and a whole line the existing vi | |
| 699 movement commands are used. | |
| 700 "dl" delete character (alias: "x") |dl| | |
| 701 "diw" delete inner word *diw* | |
| 702 "daw" delete a word *daw* | |
| 703 "diW" delete inner WORD (see |WORD|) *diW* | |
| 704 "daW" delete a WORD (see |WORD|) *daW* | |
| 3713 | 705 "dgn" delete the next search pattern match *dgn* |
| 7 | 706 "dd" delete one line |dd| |
| 707 "dis" delete inner sentence *dis* | |
| 708 "das" delete a sentence *das* | |
| 709 "dib" delete inner '(' ')' block *dib* | |
| 710 "dab" delete a '(' ')' block *dab* | |
| 711 "dip" delete inner paragraph *dip* | |
| 712 "dap" delete a paragraph *dap* | |
| 713 "diB" delete inner '{' '}' block *diB* | |
| 714 "daB" delete a '{' '}' block *daB* | |
| 715 | |
| 716 Note the difference between using a movement command and an object. The | |
| 717 movement command operates from here (cursor position) to where the movement | |
| 718 takes us. When using an object the whole object is operated upon, no matter | |
| 719 where on the object the cursor is. For example, compare "dw" and "daw": "dw" | |
| 720 deletes from the cursor position to the start of the next word, "daw" deletes | |
| 721 the word under the cursor and the space after or before it. | |
| 722 | |
| 422 | 723 |
| 724 Tag blocks *tag-blocks* | |
| 725 | |
| 726 For the "it" and "at" text objects an attempt is done to select blocks between | |
| 727 matching tags for HTML and XML. But since these are not completely compatible | |
| 728 there are a few restrictions. | |
| 729 | |
| 730 The normal method is to select a <tag> until the matching </tag>. For "at" | |
| 731 the tags are included, for "it" they are excluded. But when "it" is repeated | |
| 853 | 732 the tags will be included (otherwise nothing would change). Also, "it" used |
| 733 on a tag block with no contents will select the leading tag. | |
| 422 | 734 |
| 735 "<aaa/>" items are skipped. Case is ignored, also for XML where case does | |
| 736 matter. | |
| 737 | |
| 738 In HTML it is possible to have a tag like <br> or <meta ...> without a | |
| 739 matching end tag. These are ignored. | |
| 740 | |
| 741 The text objects are tolerant about mistakes. Stray end tags are ignored. | |
| 742 | |
| 7 | 743 ============================================================================== |
| 744 7. Marks *mark-motions* *E20* *E78* | |
| 745 | |
| 746 Jumping to a mark can be done in two ways: | |
| 747 1. With ` (backtick): The cursor is positioned at the specified location | |
| 748 and the motion is |exclusive|. | |
| 749 2. With ' (single quote): The cursor is positioned on the first non-blank | |
| 750 character in the line of the specified location and | |
| 751 the motion is linewise. | |
| 752 | |
| 753 *m* *mark* *Mark* | |
| 754 m{a-zA-Z} Set mark {a-zA-Z} at cursor position (does not move | |
| 755 the cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
| 756 | |
| 757 *m'* *m`* | |
| 758 m' or m` Set the previous context mark. This can be jumped to | |
| 759 with the "''" or "``" command (does not move the | |
| 760 cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
| 761 | |
| 762 *m[* *m]* | |
| 763 m[ or m] Set the |'[| or |']| mark. Useful when an operator is | |
| 764 to be simulated by multiple commands. (does not move | |
| 765 the cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
| 766 | |
| 3682 | 767 *m<* *m>* |
| 768 m< or m> Set the |'<| or |'>| mark. Useful to change what the | |
| 769 `gv` command selects. (does not move the cursor, this | |
| 770 is not a motion command). | |
| 771 Note that the Visual mode cannot be set, only the | |
| 772 start and end position. | |
| 773 | |
| 7 | 774 *:ma* *:mark* *E191* |
| 9 | 775 :[range]ma[rk] {a-zA-Z'} |
| 776 Set mark {a-zA-Z'} at last line number in [range], | |
| 7 | 777 column 0. Default is cursor line. |
| 778 | |
| 779 *:k* | |
| 9 | 780 :[range]k{a-zA-Z'} Same as :mark, but the space before the mark name can |
| 7 | 781 be omitted. |
| 782 | |
| 783 *'* *'a* *`* *`a* | |
| 1121 | 784 '{a-z} `{a-z} Jump to the mark {a-z} in the current buffer. |
| 7 | 785 |
| 786 *'A* *'0* *`A* *`0* | |
| 1121 | 787 '{A-Z0-9} `{A-Z0-9} To the mark {A-Z0-9} in the file where it was set (not |
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788 a motion command when in another file). |
| 7 | 789 |
| 790 *g'* *g'a* *g`* *g`a* | |
| 791 g'{mark} g`{mark} | |
| 792 Jump to the {mark}, but don't change the jumplist when | |
| 793 jumping within the current buffer. Example: > | |
| 794 g`" | |
| 795 < jumps to the last known position in a file. See | |
| 9 | 796 $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim. |
| 797 Also see |:keepjumps|. | |
| 7 | 798 |
| 799 *:marks* | |
| 800 :marks List all the current marks (not a motion command). | |
| 801 The |'(|, |')|, |'{| and |'}| marks are not listed. | |
| 843 | 802 The first column has number zero. |
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803 |
| 7 | 804 *E283* |
| 805 :marks {arg} List the marks that are mentioned in {arg} (not a | |
| 806 motion command). For example: > | |
| 807 :marks aB | |
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808 < to list marks 'a' and 'B'. |
| 7 | 809 |
| 24 | 810 *:delm* *:delmarks* |
| 856 | 811 :delm[arks] {marks} Delete the specified marks. Marks that can be deleted |
| 24 | 812 include A-Z and 0-9. You cannot delete the ' mark. |
| 813 They can be specified by giving the list of mark | |
| 814 names, or with a range, separated with a dash. Spaces | |
| 815 are ignored. Examples: > | |
| 816 :delmarks a deletes mark a | |
| 817 :delmarks a b 1 deletes marks a, b and 1 | |
| 818 :delmarks Aa deletes marks A and a | |
| 819 :delmarks p-z deletes marks in the range p to z | |
| 820 :delmarks ^.[] deletes marks ^ . [ ] | |
| 821 :delmarks \" deletes mark " | |
| 822 | |
| 823 :delm[arks]! Delete all marks for the current buffer, but not marks | |
| 824 A-Z or 0-9. | |
| 825 | |
| 7 | 826 A mark is not visible in any way. It is just a position in the file that is |
| 827 remembered. Do not confuse marks with named registers, they are totally | |
| 828 unrelated. | |
| 829 | |
| 830 'a - 'z lowercase marks, valid within one file | |
| 831 'A - 'Z uppercase marks, also called file marks, valid between files | |
| 832 '0 - '9 numbered marks, set from .viminfo file | |
| 833 | |
| 834 Lowercase marks 'a to 'z are remembered as long as the file remains in the | |
| 835 buffer list. If you remove the file from the buffer list, all its marks are | |
| 836 lost. If you delete a line that contains a mark, that mark is erased. | |
| 837 | |
| 838 Lowercase marks can be used in combination with operators. For example: "d't" | |
| 839 deletes the lines from the cursor position to mark 't'. Hint: Use mark 't' for | |
| 840 Top, 'b' for Bottom, etc.. Lowercase marks are restored when using undo and | |
| 841 redo. | |
| 842 | |
| 16610 | 843 Uppercase marks 'A to 'Z include the file name. You can use them to jump from |
| 844 file to file. You can only use an uppercase mark with an operator if the mark | |
| 845 is in the current file. The line number of the mark remains correct, even if | |
| 846 you insert/delete lines or edit another file for a moment. When the 'viminfo' | |
| 847 option is not empty, uppercase marks are kept in the .viminfo file. See | |
| 848 |viminfo-file-marks|. | |
| 7 | 849 |
| 850 Numbered marks '0 to '9 are quite different. They can not be set directly. | |
| 851 They are only present when using a viminfo file |viminfo-file|. Basically '0 | |
| 852 is the location of the cursor when you last exited Vim, '1 the last but one | |
| 853 time, etc. Use the "r" flag in 'viminfo' to specify files for which no | |
| 854 Numbered mark should be stored. See |viminfo-file-marks|. | |
| 855 | |
| 856 | |
| 857 *'[* *`[* | |
| 858 '[ `[ To the first character of the previously changed | |
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859 or yanked text. |
| 7 | 860 |
| 861 *']* *`]* | |
| 862 '] `] To the last character of the previously changed or | |
|
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863 yanked text. |
| 7 | 864 |
| 865 After executing an operator the Cursor is put at the beginning of the text | |
| 866 that was operated upon. After a put command ("p" or "P") the cursor is | |
| 867 sometimes placed at the first inserted line and sometimes on the last inserted | |
| 868 character. The four commands above put the cursor at either end. Example: | |
| 869 After yanking 10 lines you want to go to the last one of them: "10Y']". After | |
| 870 inserting several lines with the "p" command you want to jump to the lowest | |
| 871 inserted line: "p']". This also works for text that has been inserted. | |
| 872 | |
| 873 Note: After deleting text, the start and end positions are the same, except | |
| 874 when using blockwise Visual mode. These commands do not work when no change | |
| 875 was made yet in the current file. | |
| 876 | |
| 877 *'<* *`<* | |
| 1698 | 878 '< `< To the first line or character of the last selected |
| 879 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it | |
| 880 may also be the last character in the first line (to | |
|
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881 be able to define the block). |
| 7 | 882 |
| 883 *'>* *`>* | |
| 1698 | 884 '> `> To the last line or character of the last selected |
| 885 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it | |
| 886 may also be the first character of the last line (to | |
| 887 be able to define the block). Note that 'selection' | |
| 856 | 888 applies, the position may be just after the Visual |
|
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889 area. |
| 7 | 890 |
| 891 *''* *``* | |
| 36 | 892 '' `` To the position before the latest jump, or where the |
| 893 last "m'" or "m`" command was given. Not set when the | |
| 7 | 894 |:keepjumps| command modifier was used. |
| 895 Also see |restore-position|. | |
| 896 | |
| 897 *'quote* *`quote* | |
| 898 '" `" To the cursor position when last exiting the current | |
| 899 buffer. Defaults to the first character of the first | |
| 900 line. See |last-position-jump| for how to use this | |
| 901 for each opened file. | |
| 902 Only one position is remembered per buffer, not one | |
| 903 for each window. As long as the buffer is visible in | |
| 904 a window the position won't be changed. | |
| 905 | |
| 906 *'^* *`^* | |
| 907 '^ `^ To the position where the cursor was the last time | |
| 42 | 908 when Insert mode was stopped. This is used by the |
| 909 |gi| command. Not set when the |:keepjumps| command | |
|
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910 modifier was used. |
| 7 | 911 |
| 912 *'.* *`.* | |
| 913 '. `. To the position where the last change was made. The | |
| 914 position is at or near where the change started. | |
| 915 Sometimes a command is executed as several changes, | |
| 916 then the position can be near the end of what the | |
| 917 command changed. For example when inserting a word, | |
| 918 the position will be on the last character. | |
|
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919 To jump to older changes use |g;|. |
| 7 | 920 |
| 921 *'(* *`(* | |
| 922 '( `( To the start of the current sentence, like the |(| | |
|
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923 command. |
| 7 | 924 |
| 925 *')* *`)* | |
| 926 ') `) To the end of the current sentence, like the |)| | |
|
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927 command. |
| 7 | 928 |
| 929 *'{* *`{* | |
| 930 '{ `{ To the start of the current paragraph, like the |{| | |
|
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931 command. |
| 7 | 932 |
| 933 *'}* *`}* | |
| 934 '} `} To the end of the current paragraph, like the |}| | |
|
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935 command. |
| 7 | 936 |
| 937 These commands are not marks themselves, but jump to a mark: | |
| 938 | |
| 939 *]'* | |
| 940 ]' [count] times to next line with a lowercase mark below | |
| 941 the cursor, on the first non-blank character in the | |
|
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942 line. |
| 7 | 943 |
| 944 *]`* | |
| 945 ]` [count] times to lowercase mark after the cursor. {not | |
| 946 in Vi} | |
| 947 | |
| 948 *['* | |
| 949 [' [count] times to previous line with a lowercase mark | |
| 950 before the cursor, on the first non-blank character in | |
|
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951 the line. |
| 7 | 952 |
| 953 *[`* | |
| 954 [` [count] times to lowercase mark before the cursor. | |
| 955 | |
| 956 | |
| 16944 | 957 :loc[kmarks] {command} *:loc* *:lock* *:lockmarks* |
| 7 | 958 Execute {command} without adjusting marks. This is |
| 959 useful when changing text in a way that the line count | |
| 960 will be the same when the change has completed. | |
| 961 WARNING: When the line count does change, marks below | |
| 962 the change will keep their line number, thus move to | |
| 963 another text line. | |
| 964 These items will not be adjusted for deleted/inserted | |
| 965 lines: | |
| 966 - lower case letter marks 'a - 'z | |
| 967 - upper case letter marks 'A - 'Z | |
| 968 - numbered marks '0 - '9 | |
| 969 - last insert position '^ | |
| 970 - last change position '. | |
| 18639 | 971 - last affected text area '[ and '] |
| 7 | 972 - the Visual area '< and '> |
| 973 - line numbers in placed signs | |
| 974 - line numbers in quickfix positions | |
| 975 - positions in the |jumplist| | |
| 976 - positions in the |tagstack| | |
| 977 These items will still be adjusted: | |
| 978 - previous context mark '' | |
| 979 - the cursor position | |
| 980 - the view of a window on a buffer | |
| 981 - folds | |
| 982 - diffs | |
| 983 | |
| 16944 | 984 :kee[pmarks] {command} *:kee* *:keep* *:keepmarks* |
| 7 | 985 Currently only has effect for the filter command |
| 986 |:range!|: | |
| 987 - When the number of lines after filtering is equal to | |
| 988 or larger than before, all marks are kept at the | |
| 989 same line number. | |
| 990 - When the number of lines decreases, the marks in the | |
| 9 | 991 lines that disappeared are deleted. |
| 7 | 992 In any case the marks below the filtered text have |
| 993 their line numbers adjusted, thus stick to the text, | |
| 994 as usual. | |
| 995 When the 'R' flag is missing from 'cpoptions' this has | |
| 996 the same effect as using ":keepmarks". | |
| 997 | |
| 998 *:keepj* *:keepjumps* | |
| 999 :keepj[umps] {command} | |
| 9 | 1000 Moving around in {command} does not change the |''|, |
| 1001 |'.| and |'^| marks, the |jumplist| or the | |
| 1002 |changelist|. | |
| 1003 Useful when making a change or inserting text | |
| 1004 automatically and the user doesn't want to go to this | |
| 1005 position. E.g., when updating a "Last change" | |
| 1006 timestamp in the first line: > | |
| 1007 | |
| 586 | 1008 :let lnum = line(".") |
| 9 | 1009 :keepjumps normal gg |
| 1010 :call SetLastChange() | |
| 1011 :keepjumps exe "normal " . lnum . "G" | |
| 1012 < | |
| 1013 Note that ":keepjumps" must be used for every command. | |
| 1014 When invoking a function the commands in that function | |
| 856 | 1015 can still change the jumplist. Also, for |
| 85 | 1016 ":keepjumps exe 'command '" the "command" won't keep |
| 1017 jumps. Instead use: ":exe 'keepjumps command'" | |
| 7 | 1018 |
| 1019 ============================================================================== | |
| 1020 8. Jumps *jump-motions* | |
| 1021 | |
| 14347 | 1022 A "jump" is a command that normally moves the cursor several lines away. If |
| 1023 you make the cursor "jump" the position of the cursor before the jump is | |
| 16023 | 1024 remembered. You can return to that position with the "''" and "``" commands, |
| 14347 | 1025 unless the line containing that position was changed or deleted. The |
| 1026 following commands are "jump" commands: "'", "`", "G", "/", "?", "n", "N", | |
| 1027 "%", "(", ")", "[[", "]]", "{", "}", ":s", ":tag", "L", "M", "H" and the | |
| 15033 | 1028 commands that start editing a new file. |
| 7 | 1029 |
| 1030 *CTRL-O* | |
| 1031 CTRL-O Go to [count] Older cursor position in jump list | |
|
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1032 (not a motion command). |
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1033 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
| 7 | 1034 |
| 1035 <Tab> or *CTRL-I* *<Tab>* | |
| 1036 CTRL-I Go to [count] newer cursor position in jump list | |
| 1037 (not a motion command). | |
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1038 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
| 7 | 1039 |
| 1040 *:ju* *:jumps* | |
|
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1041 :ju[mps] Print the jump list (not a motion command). |
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1042 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
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1043 |
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1044 *:cle* *:clearjumps* |
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1045 :cle[arjumps] Clear the jump list of the current window. |
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1046 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
| 7 | 1047 |
| 1048 *jumplist* | |
| 1049 Jumps are remembered in a jump list. With the CTRL-O and CTRL-I command you | |
| 1050 can go to cursor positions before older jumps, and back again. Thus you can | |
| 1051 move up and down the list. There is a separate jump list for each window. | |
| 1052 The maximum number of entries is fixed at 100. | |
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1053 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
| 7 | 1054 |
| 1055 For example, after three jump commands you have this jump list: | |
| 1056 | |
| 2681 | 1057 jump line col file/text ~ |
| 7 | 1058 3 1 0 some text ~ |
| 1059 2 70 0 another line ~ | |
| 1060 1 1154 23 end. ~ | |
| 1061 > ~ | |
| 1062 | |
| 2681 | 1063 The "file/text" column shows the file name, or the text at the jump if it is |
| 7 | 1064 in the current file (an indent is removed and a long line is truncated to fit |
| 1065 in the window). | |
| 1066 | |
| 1067 You are currently in line 1167. If you then use the CTRL-O command, the | |
| 1068 cursor is put in line 1154. This results in: | |
| 1069 | |
| 2681 | 1070 jump line col file/text ~ |
| 7 | 1071 2 1 0 some text ~ |
| 1072 1 70 0 another line ~ | |
| 1073 > 0 1154 23 end. ~ | |
| 1074 1 1167 0 foo bar ~ | |
| 1075 | |
| 1076 The pointer will be set at the last used jump position. The next CTRL-O | |
| 1077 command will use the entry above it, the next CTRL-I command will use the | |
| 1078 entry below it. If the pointer is below the last entry, this indicates that | |
| 1079 you did not use a CTRL-I or CTRL-O before. In this case the CTRL-O command | |
| 1080 will cause the cursor position to be added to the jump list, so you can get | |
| 1081 back to the position before the CTRL-O. In this case this is line 1167. | |
| 1082 | |
| 1083 With more CTRL-O commands you will go to lines 70 and 1. If you use CTRL-I | |
| 1084 you can go back to 1154 and 1167 again. Note that the number in the "jump" | |
| 1085 column indicates the count for the CTRL-O or CTRL-I command that takes you to | |
| 1086 this position. | |
| 1087 | |
| 1088 If you use a jump command, the current line number is inserted at the end of | |
| 1089 the jump list. If the same line was already in the jump list, it is removed. | |
| 1090 The result is that when repeating CTRL-O you will get back to old positions | |
| 1091 only once. | |
| 1092 | |
| 1093 When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used, jumps are not stored in the | |
| 836 | 1094 jumplist. Jumps are also not stored in other cases, e.g., in a |:global| |
| 5220 | 1095 command. You can explicitly add a jump by setting the ' mark with "m'". Note |
| 1096 that calling setpos() does not do this. | |
| 7 | 1097 |
| 1098 After the CTRL-O command that got you into line 1154 you could give another | |
| 1099 jump command (e.g., "G"). The jump list would then become: | |
| 1100 | |
| 2681 | 1101 jump line col file/text ~ |
| 7 | 1102 4 1 0 some text ~ |
| 1103 3 70 0 another line ~ | |
| 1104 2 1167 0 foo bar ~ | |
| 1105 1 1154 23 end. ~ | |
| 1106 > ~ | |
| 1107 | |
| 1108 The line numbers will be adjusted for deleted and inserted lines. This fails | |
| 1109 if you stop editing a file without writing, like with ":n!". | |
| 1110 | |
| 1111 When you split a window, the jumplist will be copied to the new window. | |
| 1112 | |
| 1113 If you have included the ' item in the 'viminfo' option the jumplist will be | |
| 1114 stored in the viminfo file and restored when starting Vim. | |
| 1115 | |
| 1116 | |
| 1117 CHANGE LIST JUMPS *changelist* *change-list-jumps* *E664* | |
| 1118 | |
| 1119 When making a change the cursor position is remembered. One position is | |
| 1120 remembered for every change that can be undone, unless it is close to a | |
| 1121 previous change. Two commands can be used to jump to positions of changes, | |
| 1122 also those that have been undone: | |
| 1123 | |
| 1124 *g;* *E662* | |
| 1125 g; Go to [count] older position in change list. | |
| 1126 If [count] is larger than the number of older change | |
| 1127 positions go to the oldest change. | |
| 1128 If there is no older change an error message is given. | |
| 1129 (not a motion command) | |
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1130 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
| 7 | 1131 |
| 1132 *g,* *E663* | |
| 1133 g, Go to [count] newer cursor position in change list. | |
| 236 | 1134 Just like |g;| but in the opposite direction. |
| 7 | 1135 (not a motion command) |
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1136 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
| 7 | 1137 |
| 1138 When using a count you jump as far back or forward as possible. Thus you can | |
| 1139 use "999g;" to go to the first change for which the position is still | |
| 1140 remembered. The number of entries in the change list is fixed and is the same | |
| 1141 as for the |jumplist|. | |
| 1142 | |
| 1143 When two undo-able changes are in the same line and at a column position less | |
| 1144 than 'textwidth' apart only the last one is remembered. This avoids that a | |
| 1145 sequence of small changes in a line, for example "xxxxx", adds many positions | |
| 1146 to the change list. When 'textwidth' is zero 'wrapmargin' is used. When that | |
| 1147 also isn't set a fixed number of 79 is used. Detail: For the computations | |
| 1148 bytes are used, not characters, to avoid a speed penalty (this only matters | |
| 21991 | 1149 for multibyte encodings). |
| 7 | 1150 |
| 1151 Note that when text has been inserted or deleted the cursor position might be | |
| 1152 a bit different from the position of the change. Especially when lines have | |
| 1153 been deleted. | |
| 1154 | |
| 1155 When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used the position of a change is not | |
| 1156 remembered. | |
| 1157 | |
| 1158 *:changes* | |
| 1159 :changes Print the change list. A ">" character indicates the | |
| 1160 current position. Just after a change it is below the | |
| 14372 | 1161 newest entry, indicating that `g;` takes you to the |
| 7 | 1162 newest entry position. The first column indicates the |
| 1163 count needed to take you to this position. Example: | |
| 1164 | |
| 1165 change line col text ~ | |
| 1166 3 9 8 bla bla bla | |
| 1167 2 11 57 foo is a bar | |
| 1168 1 14 54 the latest changed line | |
| 1169 > | |
| 1170 | |
| 14372 | 1171 The `3g;` command takes you to line 9. Then the |
| 1172 output of `:changes` is: | |
| 7 | 1173 |
| 1174 change line col text ~ | |
| 1175 > 0 9 8 bla bla bla | |
| 1176 1 11 57 foo is a bar | |
| 1177 2 14 54 the latest changed line | |
| 1178 | |
| 1179 Now you can use "g," to go to line 11 and "2g," to go | |
| 1180 to line 14. | |
| 1181 | |
| 1182 ============================================================================== | |
| 1183 9. Various motions *various-motions* | |
| 1184 | |
| 1185 *%* | |
| 1186 % Find the next item in this line after or under the | |
| 1187 cursor and jump to its match. |inclusive| motion. | |
| 1188 Items can be: | |
| 1189 ([{}]) parenthesis or (curly/square) brackets | |
| 1190 (this can be changed with the | |
| 1191 'matchpairs' option) | |
| 1192 /* */ start or end of C-style comment | |
| 1193 #if, #ifdef, #else, #elif, #endif | |
| 1194 C preprocessor conditionals (when the | |
| 1195 cursor is on the # or no ([{ | |
| 1196 following) | |
| 1197 For other items the matchit plugin can be used, see | |
| 1621 | 1198 |matchit-install|. This plugin also helps to skip |
| 1199 matches in comments. | |
| 7 | 1200 |
| 1201 When 'cpoptions' contains "M" |cpo-M| backslashes | |
| 1202 before parens and braces are ignored. Without "M" the | |
| 1203 number of backslashes matters: an even number doesn't | |
| 1204 match with an odd number. Thus in "( \) )" and "\( ( | |
| 1205 \)" the first and last parenthesis match. | |
| 1621 | 1206 |
| 7 | 1207 When the '%' character is not present in 'cpoptions' |
| 1208 |cpo-%|, parens and braces inside double quotes are | |
| 1209 ignored, unless the number of parens/braces in a line | |
| 1210 is uneven and this line and the previous one does not | |
| 1211 end in a backslash. '(', '{', '[', ']', '}' and ')' | |
| 1212 are also ignored (parens and braces inside single | |
| 1213 quotes). Note that this works fine for C, but not for | |
| 1214 Perl, where single quotes are used for strings. | |
| 1621 | 1215 |
| 1216 Nothing special is done for matches in comments. You | |
| 1217 can either use the matchit plugin |matchit-install| or | |
| 1218 put quotes around matches. | |
| 1219 | |
| 1220 No count is allowed, {count}% jumps to a line {count} | |
| 1221 percentage down the file |N%|. Using '%' on | |
| 7 | 1222 #if/#else/#endif makes the movement linewise. |
| 1223 | |
| 1224 *[(* | |
| 1225 [( go to [count] previous unmatched '('. | |
|
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1226 |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1227 |
| 1228 *[{* | |
| 1229 [{ go to [count] previous unmatched '{'. | |
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1230 |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1231 |
| 1232 *])* | |
| 1233 ]) go to [count] next unmatched ')'. | |
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1234 |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1235 |
| 1236 *]}* | |
| 1237 ]} go to [count] next unmatched '}'. | |
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1238 |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1239 |
| 1240 The above four commands can be used to go to the start or end of the current | |
| 1241 code block. It is like doing "%" on the '(', ')', '{' or '}' at the other | |
| 1242 end of the code block, but you can do this from anywhere in the code block. | |
| 1243 Very useful for C programs. Example: When standing on "case x:", "[{" will | |
| 1244 bring you back to the switch statement. | |
| 1245 | |
| 1246 *]m* | |
| 1247 ]m Go to [count] next start of a method (for Java or | |
| 1248 similar structured language). When not before the | |
| 1249 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
| 1250 class. When no '{' is found after the cursor, this is | |
|
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|
1251 an error. |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1252 *]M* |
| 1253 ]M Go to [count] next end of a method (for Java or | |
| 1254 similar structured language). When not before the end | |
| 1255 of a method, jump to the start or end of the class. | |
| 1256 When no '}' is found after the cursor, this is an | |
|
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|
1257 error. |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1258 *[m* |
| 1259 [m Go to [count] previous start of a method (for Java or | |
| 1260 similar structured language). When not after the | |
| 1261 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
| 1262 class. When no '{' is found before the cursor this is | |
|
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1263 an error. |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1264 *[M* |
| 1265 [M Go to [count] previous end of a method (for Java or | |
| 1266 similar structured language). When not after the | |
| 1267 end of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
| 1268 class. When no '}' is found before the cursor this is | |
|
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|
1269 an error. |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1270 |
| 1271 The above two commands assume that the file contains a class with methods. | |
| 1272 The class definition is surrounded in '{' and '}'. Each method in the class | |
| 1273 is also surrounded with '{' and '}'. This applies to the Java language. The | |
| 1274 file looks like this: > | |
| 1275 | |
| 1276 // comment | |
| 1277 class foo { | |
| 1278 int method_one() { | |
| 1279 body_one(); | |
| 1280 } | |
| 1281 int method_two() { | |
| 1282 body_two(); | |
| 1283 } | |
| 1284 } | |
| 1285 Starting with the cursor on "body_two()", using "[m" will jump to the '{' at | |
| 1286 the start of "method_two()" (obviously this is much more useful when the | |
| 1287 method is long!). Using "2[m" will jump to the start of "method_one()". | |
| 1288 Using "3[m" will jump to the start of the class. | |
| 1289 | |
| 1290 *[#* | |
| 1291 [# go to [count] previous unmatched "#if" or "#else". | |
|
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1292 |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1293 |
| 1294 *]#* | |
| 1295 ]# go to [count] next unmatched "#else" or "#endif". | |
|
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1296 |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1297 |
| 1298 These two commands work in C programs that contain #if/#else/#endif | |
| 1299 constructs. It brings you to the start or end of the #if/#else/#endif where | |
| 1300 the current line is included. You can then use "%" to go to the matching line. | |
| 1301 | |
| 1302 *[star* *[/* | |
| 1303 [* or [/ go to [count] previous start of a C comment "/*". | |
|
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1304 |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1305 |
| 1306 *]star* *]/* | |
| 1307 ]* or ]/ go to [count] next end of a C comment "*/". | |
|
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1308 |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1309 |
| 1310 | |
| 1311 *H* | |
| 1312 H To line [count] from top (Home) of window (default: | |
| 1313 first line on the window) on the first non-blank | |
| 1314 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
|
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1315 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option, unless an |
|
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1316 operator is pending, in which case the text may |
|
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1317 scroll. E.g. "yH" yanks from the first visible line |
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1318 until the cursor line (inclusive). |
| 7 | 1319 |
| 1320 *M* | |
| 1321 M To Middle line of window, on the first non-blank | |
| 1322 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
| 1323 | |
| 1324 *L* | |
| 1325 L To line [count] from bottom of window (default: Last | |
| 1326 line on the window) on the first non-blank character | |
| 1327 |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
|
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1328 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option, unless an |
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1329 operator is pending, in which case the text may |
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1330 scroll. E.g. "yL" yanks from the cursor to the last |
|
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changeset
|
1331 visible line. |
| 7 | 1332 |
| 1333 <LeftMouse> Moves to the position on the screen where the mouse | |
| 36 | 1334 click is |exclusive|. See also |<LeftMouse>|. If the |
| 7 | 1335 position is in a status line, that window is made the |
|
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1336 active window and the cursor is not moved. |
| 7 | 1337 |
| 14421 | 1338 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |