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annotate runtime/doc/if_pyth.txt @ 18486:9d887cad7315
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| author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 31 Oct 2019 20:00:04 +0100 |
| parents | 2704c4e3e20a |
| children | 82a28df1e2d5 |
| rev | line source |
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| 17571 | 1 *if_pyth.txt* For Vim version 8.1. Last change: 2019 Jul 21 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Paul Moore | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 The Python Interface to Vim *python* *Python* | |
| 8 | |
| 3682 | 9 1. Commands |python-commands| |
| 10 2. The vim module |python-vim| | |
| 11 3. Buffer objects |python-buffer| | |
| 12 4. Range objects |python-range| | |
| 13 5. Window objects |python-window| | |
| 4496 | 14 6. Tab page objects |python-tabpage| |
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15 7. vim.bindeval objects |python-bindeval-objects| |
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16 8. pyeval(), py3eval() Vim functions |python-pyeval| |
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17 9. Dynamic loading |python-dynamic| |
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18 10. Python 3 |python3| |
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19 11. Python X |python_x| |
| 11160 | 20 12. Building with Python support |python-building| |
| 7 | 21 |
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22 The Python 2.x interface is available only when Vim was compiled with the |
| 7 | 23 |+python| feature. |
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24 The Python 3 interface is available only when Vim was compiled with the |
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25 |+python3| feature. |
| 5220 | 26 Both can be available at the same time, but read |python-2-and-3|. |
| 7 | 27 |
| 28 ============================================================================== | |
| 29 1. Commands *python-commands* | |
| 30 | |
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31 *:python* *:py* *E263* *E264* *E887* |
| 7 | 32 :[range]py[thon] {stmt} |
| 3750 | 33 Execute Python statement {stmt}. A simple check if |
| 34 the `:python` command is working: > | |
| 35 :python print "Hello" | |
| 7 | 36 |
| 17571 | 37 :[range]py[thon] << [endmarker] |
| 7 | 38 {script} |
| 39 {endmarker} | |
| 40 Execute Python script {script}. | |
| 41 Note: This command doesn't work when the Python | |
| 42 feature wasn't compiled in. To avoid errors, see | |
| 43 |script-here|. | |
| 44 | |
| 17571 | 45 The {endmarker} below the {script} must NOT be preceded by any white space. |
| 46 | |
| 47 If [endmarker] is omitted from after the "<<", a dot '.' must be used after | |
| 48 {script}, like for the |:append| and |:insert| commands. | |
| 49 | |
| 7 | 50 This form of the |:python| command is mainly useful for including python code |
| 51 in Vim scripts. | |
| 52 | |
| 53 Example: > | |
| 54 function! IcecreamInitialize() | |
| 55 python << EOF | |
| 56 class StrawberryIcecream: | |
| 57 def __call__(self): | |
| 58 print 'EAT ME' | |
| 59 EOF | |
| 60 endfunction | |
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61 |
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62 To see what version of Python you have: > |
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63 :python print(sys.version) |
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64 |
| 14864 | 65 There is no need to import sys, it's done by default. |
| 66 | |
| 4073 | 67 Note: Python is very sensitive to the indenting. Make sure the "class" line |
| 68 and "EOF" do not have any indent. | |
| 7 | 69 |
| 4435 | 70 *:pydo* |
| 71 :[range]pydo {body} Execute Python function "def _vim_pydo(line, linenr): | |
| 72 {body}" for each line in the [range], with the | |
| 73 function arguments being set to the text of each line | |
| 74 in turn, without a trailing <EOL>, and the current | |
| 75 line number. The function should return a string or | |
| 76 None. If a string is returned, it becomes the text of | |
| 77 the line in the current turn. The default for [range] | |
| 78 is the whole file: "1,$". | |
| 79 | |
| 80 Examples: | |
| 81 > | |
| 82 :pydo return "%s\t%d" % (line[::-1], len(line)) | |
| 83 :pydo if line: return "%4d: %s" % (linenr, line) | |
| 84 < | |
| 14668 | 85 One can use `:pydo` in possible conjunction with `:py` to filter a range using |
| 86 python. For example: > | |
| 87 | |
| 88 :py3 << EOF | |
| 89 needle = vim.eval('@a') | |
| 90 replacement = vim.eval('@b') | |
| 91 | |
| 92 def py_vim_string_replace(str): | |
| 93 return str.replace(needle, replacement) | |
| 94 EOF | |
| 95 :'<,'>py3do return py_vim_string_replace(line) | |
| 96 < | |
| 7 | 97 *:pyfile* *:pyf* |
| 98 :[range]pyf[ile] {file} | |
| 99 Execute the Python script in {file}. The whole | |
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100 argument is used as a single file name. |
| 7 | 101 |
| 102 Both of these commands do essentially the same thing - they execute a piece of | |
| 103 Python code, with the "current range" |python-range| set to the given line | |
| 104 range. | |
| 105 | |
| 106 In the case of :python, the code to execute is in the command-line. | |
| 107 In the case of :pyfile, the code to execute is the contents of the given file. | |
| 108 | |
| 109 Python commands cannot be used in the |sandbox|. | |
| 110 | |
| 111 To pass arguments you need to set sys.argv[] explicitly. Example: > | |
| 112 | |
| 113 :python sys.argv = ["foo", "bar"] | |
| 114 :pyfile myscript.py | |
| 115 | |
| 116 Here are some examples *python-examples* > | |
| 117 | |
| 118 :python from vim import * | |
| 119 :python from string import upper | |
| 120 :python current.line = upper(current.line) | |
| 121 :python print "Hello" | |
| 122 :python str = current.buffer[42] | |
| 123 | |
| 124 (Note that changes - like the imports - persist from one command to the next, | |
| 125 just like in the Python interpreter.) | |
| 126 | |
| 127 ============================================================================== | |
| 128 2. The vim module *python-vim* | |
| 129 | |
| 130 Python code gets all of its access to vim (with one exception - see | |
| 236 | 131 |python-output| below) via the "vim" module. The vim module implements two |
| 7 | 132 methods, three constants, and one error object. You need to import the vim |
| 133 module before using it: > | |
| 134 :python import vim | |
| 135 | |
| 136 Overview > | |
| 20 | 137 :py print "Hello" # displays a message |
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138 :py vim.command(cmd) # execute an Ex command |
| 20 | 139 :py w = vim.windows[n] # gets window "n" |
| 140 :py cw = vim.current.window # gets the current window | |
| 141 :py b = vim.buffers[n] # gets buffer "n" | |
| 142 :py cb = vim.current.buffer # gets the current buffer | |
| 143 :py w.height = lines # sets the window height | |
| 144 :py w.cursor = (row, col) # sets the window cursor position | |
| 145 :py pos = w.cursor # gets a tuple (row, col) | |
| 146 :py name = b.name # gets the buffer file name | |
| 147 :py line = b[n] # gets a line from the buffer | |
| 148 :py lines = b[n:m] # gets a list of lines | |
| 149 :py num = len(b) # gets the number of lines | |
| 150 :py b[n] = str # sets a line in the buffer | |
| 151 :py b[n:m] = [str1, str2, str3] # sets a number of lines at once | |
| 152 :py del b[n] # deletes a line | |
| 153 :py del b[n:m] # deletes a number of lines | |
| 7 | 154 |
| 155 | |
| 156 Methods of the "vim" module | |
| 157 | |
| 158 vim.command(str) *python-command* | |
| 236 | 159 Executes the vim (ex-mode) command str. Returns None. |
| 7 | 160 Examples: > |
| 20 | 161 :py vim.command("set tw=72") |
| 162 :py vim.command("%s/aaa/bbb/g") | |
| 7 | 163 < The following definition executes Normal mode commands: > |
| 164 def normal(str): | |
| 165 vim.command("normal "+str) | |
| 166 # Note the use of single quotes to delimit a string containing | |
| 167 # double quotes | |
| 168 normal('"a2dd"aP') | |
| 169 < *E659* | |
| 170 The ":python" command cannot be used recursively with Python 2.2 and | |
| 171 older. This only works with Python 2.3 and later: > | |
| 20 | 172 :py vim.command("python print 'Hello again Python'") |
| 7 | 173 |
| 174 vim.eval(str) *python-eval* | |
| 175 Evaluates the expression str using the vim internal expression | |
| 633 | 176 evaluator (see |expression|). Returns the expression result as: |
| 177 - a string if the Vim expression evaluates to a string or number | |
| 178 - a list if the Vim expression evaluates to a Vim list | |
| 856 | 179 - a dictionary if the Vim expression evaluates to a Vim dictionary |
| 633 | 180 Dictionaries and lists are recursively expanded. |
| 7 | 181 Examples: > |
| 14637 | 182 :" value of the 'textwidth' option |
| 20 | 183 :py text_width = vim.eval("&tw") |
| 14637 | 184 : |
| 185 :" contents of the 'a' register | |
| 186 :py a_reg = vim.eval("@a") | |
| 187 : | |
| 188 :" Result is a string! Use string.atoi() to convert to a number. | |
| 189 :py str = vim.eval("12+12") | |
| 190 : | |
| 856 | 191 :py tagList = vim.eval('taglist("eval_expr")') |
| 633 | 192 < The latter will return a python list of python dicts, for instance: |
| 11062 | 193 [{'cmd': '/^eval_expr(arg, nextcmd)$/', 'static': 0, 'name': ~ |
| 194 'eval_expr', 'kind': 'f', 'filename': './src/eval.c'}] ~ | |
| 633 | 195 |
| 3682 | 196 vim.bindeval(str) *python-bindeval* |
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197 Like |python-eval|, but returns special objects described in |
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198 |python-bindeval-objects|. These python objects let you modify (|List| |
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199 or |Dictionary|) or call (|Funcref|) vim objects. |
| 633 | 200 |
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201 vim.strwidth(str) *python-strwidth* |
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202 Like |strwidth()|: returns number of display cells str occupies, tab |
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203 is counted as one cell. |
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204 |
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205 vim.foreach_rtp(callable) *python-foreach_rtp* |
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206 Call the given callable for each path in 'runtimepath' until either |
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207 callable returns something but None, the exception is raised or there |
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208 are no longer paths. If stopped in case callable returned non-None, |
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209 vim.foreach_rtp function returns the value returned by callable. |
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210 |
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211 vim.chdir(*args, **kwargs) *python-chdir* |
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212 vim.fchdir(*args, **kwargs) *python-fchdir* |
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213 Run os.chdir or os.fchdir, then all appropriate vim stuff. |
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214 Note: you should not use these functions directly, use os.chdir and |
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215 os.fchdir instead. Behavior of vim.fchdir is undefined in case |
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216 os.fchdir does not exist. |
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217 |
| 7 | 218 Error object of the "vim" module |
| 219 | |
| 220 vim.error *python-error* | |
| 221 Upon encountering a Vim error, Python raises an exception of type | |
| 222 vim.error. | |
| 223 Example: > | |
| 224 try: | |
| 225 vim.command("put a") | |
| 226 except vim.error: | |
| 227 # nothing in register a | |
| 228 | |
| 229 Constants of the "vim" module | |
| 230 | |
| 231 Note that these are not actually constants - you could reassign them. | |
| 232 But this is silly, as you would then lose access to the vim objects | |
| 233 to which the variables referred. | |
| 234 | |
| 235 vim.buffers *python-buffers* | |
| 4393 | 236 A mapping object providing access to the list of vim buffers. The |
| 7 | 237 object supports the following operations: > |
| 20 | 238 :py b = vim.buffers[i] # Indexing (read-only) |
| 239 :py b in vim.buffers # Membership test | |
| 240 :py n = len(vim.buffers) # Number of elements | |
| 4397 | 241 :py for b in vim.buffers: # Iterating over buffer list |
| 7 | 242 < |
| 243 vim.windows *python-windows* | |
| 236 | 244 A sequence object providing access to the list of vim windows. The |
| 7 | 245 object supports the following operations: > |
| 20 | 246 :py w = vim.windows[i] # Indexing (read-only) |
| 247 :py w in vim.windows # Membership test | |
| 248 :py n = len(vim.windows) # Number of elements | |
| 249 :py for w in vim.windows: # Sequential access | |
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250 < Note: vim.windows object always accesses current tab page. |
| 4401 | 251 |python-tabpage|.windows objects are bound to parent |python-tabpage| |
| 252 object and always use windows from that tab page (or throw vim.error | |
| 253 in case tab page was deleted). You can keep a reference to both | |
| 254 without keeping a reference to vim module object or |python-tabpage|, | |
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255 they will not lose their properties in this case. |
| 4401 | 256 |
| 257 vim.tabpages *python-tabpages* | |
| 258 A sequence object providing access to the list of vim tab pages. The | |
| 259 object supports the following operations: > | |
| 260 :py t = vim.tabpages[i] # Indexing (read-only) | |
| 261 :py t in vim.tabpages # Membership test | |
| 262 :py n = len(vim.tabpages) # Number of elements | |
| 263 :py for t in vim.tabpages: # Sequential access | |
| 7 | 264 < |
| 265 vim.current *python-current* | |
| 266 An object providing access (via specific attributes) to various | |
| 267 "current" objects available in vim: | |
| 268 vim.current.line The current line (RW) String | |
| 4407 | 269 vim.current.buffer The current buffer (RW) Buffer |
| 270 vim.current.window The current window (RW) Window | |
| 271 vim.current.tabpage The current tab page (RW) TabPage | |
| 7 | 272 vim.current.range The current line range (RO) Range |
| 273 | |
| 236 | 274 The last case deserves a little explanation. When the :python or |
| 7 | 275 :pyfile command specifies a range, this range of lines becomes the |
| 236 | 276 "current range". A range is a bit like a buffer, but with all access |
| 277 restricted to a subset of lines. See |python-range| for more details. | |
| 7 | 278 |
| 4407 | 279 Note: When assigning to vim.current.{buffer,window,tabpage} it expects |
| 280 valid |python-buffer|, |python-window| or |python-tabpage| objects | |
| 281 respectively. Assigning triggers normal (with |autocommand|s) | |
| 282 switching to given buffer, window or tab page. It is the only way to | |
| 283 switch UI objects in python: you can't assign to | |
| 284 |python-tabpage|.window attribute. To switch without triggering | |
| 285 autocommands use > | |
| 286 py << EOF | |
| 287 saved_eventignore = vim.options['eventignore'] | |
| 288 vim.options['eventignore'] = 'all' | |
| 289 try: | |
| 290 vim.current.buffer = vim.buffers[2] # Switch to buffer 2 | |
| 291 finally: | |
| 292 vim.options['eventignore'] = saved_eventignore | |
| 293 EOF | |
| 294 < | |
| 4323 | 295 vim.vars *python-vars* |
| 296 vim.vvars *python-vvars* | |
| 297 Dictionary-like objects holding dictionaries with global (|g:|) and | |
| 298 vim (|v:|) variables respectively. Identical to `vim.bindeval("g:")`, | |
| 299 but faster. | |
| 7 | 300 |
| 4350 | 301 vim.options *python-options* |
| 302 Object partly supporting mapping protocol (supports setting and | |
| 303 getting items) providing a read-write access to global options. | |
| 304 Note: unlike |:set| this provides access only to global options. You | |
| 305 cannot use this object to obtain or set local options' values or | |
| 306 access local-only options in any fashion. Raises KeyError if no global | |
| 307 option with such name exists (i.e. does not raise KeyError for | |
| 308 |global-local| options and global only options, but does for window- | |
| 309 and buffer-local ones). Use |python-buffer| objects to access to | |
| 310 buffer-local options and |python-window| objects to access to | |
| 311 window-local options. | |
| 312 | |
| 4496 | 313 Type of this object is available via "Options" attribute of vim |
| 314 module. | |
| 315 | |
| 7 | 316 Output from Python *python-output* |
| 317 Vim displays all Python code output in the Vim message area. Normal | |
| 318 output appears as information messages, and error output appears as | |
| 319 error messages. | |
| 320 | |
| 321 In implementation terms, this means that all output to sys.stdout | |
| 322 (including the output from print statements) appears as information | |
| 323 messages, and all output to sys.stderr (including error tracebacks) | |
| 324 appears as error messages. | |
| 325 | |
| 326 *python-input* | |
| 327 Input (via sys.stdin, including input() and raw_input()) is not | |
| 236 | 328 supported, and may cause the program to crash. This should probably be |
| 7 | 329 fixed. |
| 330 | |
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331 *python2-directory* *python3-directory* *pythonx-directory* |
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332 Python 'runtimepath' handling *python-special-path* |
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333 |
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334 In python vim.VIM_SPECIAL_PATH special directory is used as a replacement for |
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335 the list of paths found in 'runtimepath': with this directory in sys.path and |
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336 vim.path_hooks in sys.path_hooks python will try to load module from |
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337 {rtp}/python2 (or python3) and {rtp}/pythonx (for both python versions) for |
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338 each {rtp} found in 'runtimepath'. |
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339 |
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340 Implementation is similar to the following, but written in C: > |
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341 |
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342 from imp import find_module, load_module |
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343 import vim |
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344 import sys |
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345 |
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346 class VimModuleLoader(object): |
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347 def __init__(self, module): |
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348 self.module = module |
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349 |
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350 def load_module(self, fullname, path=None): |
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351 return self.module |
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352 |
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353 def _find_module(fullname, oldtail, path): |
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354 idx = oldtail.find('.') |
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355 if idx > 0: |
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356 name = oldtail[:idx] |
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357 tail = oldtail[idx+1:] |
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358 fmr = find_module(name, path) |
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359 module = load_module(fullname[:-len(oldtail)] + name, *fmr) |
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360 return _find_module(fullname, tail, module.__path__) |
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361 else: |
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362 fmr = find_module(fullname, path) |
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363 return load_module(fullname, *fmr) |
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364 |
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365 # It uses vim module itself in place of VimPathFinder class: it does not |
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366 # matter for python which object has find_module function attached to as |
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367 # an attribute. |
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368 class VimPathFinder(object): |
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369 @classmethod |
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370 def find_module(cls, fullname, path=None): |
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371 try: |
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372 return VimModuleLoader(_find_module(fullname, fullname, path or vim._get_paths())) |
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373 except ImportError: |
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374 return None |
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375 |
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376 @classmethod |
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377 def load_module(cls, fullname, path=None): |
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378 return _find_module(fullname, fullname, path or vim._get_paths()) |
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379 |
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380 def hook(path): |
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381 if path == vim.VIM_SPECIAL_PATH: |
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382 return VimPathFinder |
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383 else: |
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384 raise ImportError |
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385 |
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386 sys.path_hooks.append(hook) |
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387 |
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388 vim.VIM_SPECIAL_PATH *python-VIM_SPECIAL_PATH* |
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389 String constant used in conjunction with vim path hook. If path hook |
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390 installed by vim is requested to handle anything but path equal to |
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391 vim.VIM_SPECIAL_PATH constant it raises ImportError. In the only other |
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392 case it uses special loader. |
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393 |
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394 Note: you must not use value of this constant directly, always use |
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395 vim.VIM_SPECIAL_PATH object. |
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396 |
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397 vim.find_module(...) *python-find_module* |
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398 vim.path_hook(path) *python-path_hook* |
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399 Methods or objects used to implement path loading as described above. |
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400 You should not be using any of these directly except for vim.path_hook |
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401 in case you need to do something with sys.meta_path. It is not |
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402 guaranteed that any of the objects will exist in the future vim |
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403 versions. |
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404 |
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405 vim._get_paths *python-_get_paths* |
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406 Methods returning a list of paths which will be searched for by path |
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407 hook. You should not rely on this method being present in future |
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408 versions, but can use it for debugging. |
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409 |
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410 It returns a list of {rtp}/python2 (or {rtp}/python3) and |
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411 {rtp}/pythonx directories for each {rtp} in 'runtimepath'. |
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412 |
| 7 | 413 ============================================================================== |
| 414 3. Buffer objects *python-buffer* | |
| 415 | |
| 236 | 416 Buffer objects represent vim buffers. You can obtain them in a number of ways: |
| 7 | 417 - via vim.current.buffer (|python-current|) |
| 418 - from indexing vim.buffers (|python-buffers|) | |
| 419 - from the "buffer" attribute of a window (|python-window|) | |
| 420 | |
| 3312 | 421 Buffer objects have two read-only attributes - name - the full file name for |
| 422 the buffer, and number - the buffer number. They also have three methods | |
| 423 (append, mark, and range; see below). | |
| 7 | 424 |
| 236 | 425 You can also treat buffer objects as sequence objects. In this context, they |
| 7 | 426 act as if they were lists (yes, they are mutable) of strings, with each |
| 236 | 427 element being a line of the buffer. All of the usual sequence operations, |
| 7 | 428 including indexing, index assignment, slicing and slice assignment, work as |
| 236 | 429 you would expect. Note that the result of indexing (slicing) a buffer is a |
| 430 string (list of strings). This has one unusual consequence - b[:] is different | |
| 431 from b. In particular, "b[:] = None" deletes the whole of the buffer, whereas | |
| 7 | 432 "b = None" merely updates the variable b, with no effect on the buffer. |
| 433 | |
| 236 | 434 Buffer indexes start at zero, as is normal in Python. This differs from vim |
| 435 line numbers, which start from 1. This is particularly relevant when dealing | |
| 7 | 436 with marks (see below) which use vim line numbers. |
| 437 | |
| 4350 | 438 The buffer object attributes are: |
| 439 b.vars Dictionary-like object used to access | |
| 440 |buffer-variable|s. | |
| 441 b.options Mapping object (supports item getting, setting and | |
| 442 deleting) that provides access to buffer-local options | |
| 443 and buffer-local values of |global-local| options. Use | |
| 444 |python-window|.options if option is window-local, | |
| 445 this object will raise KeyError. If option is | |
| 446 |global-local| and local value is missing getting it | |
| 447 will return None. | |
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448 b.name String, RW. Contains buffer name (full path). |
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449 Note: when assigning to b.name |BufFilePre| and |
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450 |BufFilePost| autocommands are launched. |
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451 b.number Buffer number. Can be used as |python-buffers| key. |
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452 Read-only. |
| 4780 | 453 b.valid True or False. Buffer object becomes invalid when |
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454 corresponding buffer is wiped out. |
| 4350 | 455 |
| 7 | 456 The buffer object methods are: |
| 457 b.append(str) Append a line to the buffer | |
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458 b.append(str, nr) Idem, below line "nr" |
| 7 | 459 b.append(list) Append a list of lines to the buffer |
| 460 Note that the option of supplying a list of strings to | |
| 461 the append method differs from the equivalent method | |
| 462 for Python's built-in list objects. | |
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463 b.append(list, nr) Idem, below line "nr" |
| 7 | 464 b.mark(name) Return a tuple (row,col) representing the position |
| 465 of the named mark (can also get the []"<> marks) | |
| 466 b.range(s,e) Return a range object (see |python-range|) which | |
| 467 represents the part of the given buffer between line | |
| 468 numbers s and e |inclusive|. | |
| 469 | |
| 20 | 470 Note that when adding a line it must not contain a line break character '\n'. |
| 471 A trailing '\n' is allowed and ignored, so that you can do: > | |
| 472 :py b.append(f.readlines()) | |
| 473 | |
| 4496 | 474 Buffer object type is available using "Buffer" attribute of vim module. |
| 475 | |
| 7 | 476 Examples (assume b is the current buffer) > |
| 20 | 477 :py print b.name # write the buffer file name |
| 478 :py b[0] = "hello!!!" # replace the top line | |
| 479 :py b[:] = None # delete the whole buffer | |
| 480 :py del b[:] # delete the whole buffer | |
| 481 :py b[0:0] = [ "a line" ] # add a line at the top | |
| 482 :py del b[2] # delete a line (the third) | |
| 483 :py b.append("bottom") # add a line at the bottom | |
| 484 :py n = len(b) # number of lines | |
| 485 :py (row,col) = b.mark('a') # named mark | |
| 486 :py r = b.range(1,5) # a sub-range of the buffer | |
| 4323 | 487 :py b.vars["foo"] = "bar" # assign b:foo variable |
| 4350 | 488 :py b.options["ff"] = "dos" # set fileformat |
| 489 :py del b.options["ar"] # same as :set autoread< | |
| 7 | 490 |
| 491 ============================================================================== | |
| 492 4. Range objects *python-range* | |
| 493 | |
| 236 | 494 Range objects represent a part of a vim buffer. You can obtain them in a |
| 7 | 495 number of ways: |
| 496 - via vim.current.range (|python-current|) | |
| 497 - from a buffer's range() method (|python-buffer|) | |
| 498 | |
| 236 | 499 A range object is almost identical in operation to a buffer object. However, |
| 7 | 500 all operations are restricted to the lines within the range (this line range |
| 501 can, of course, change as a result of slice assignments, line deletions, or | |
| 502 the range.append() method). | |
| 503 | |
| 504 The range object attributes are: | |
| 505 r.start Index of first line into the buffer | |
| 506 r.end Index of last line into the buffer | |
| 507 | |
| 508 The range object methods are: | |
| 509 r.append(str) Append a line to the range | |
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510 r.append(str, nr) Idem, after line "nr" |
| 7 | 511 r.append(list) Append a list of lines to the range |
| 512 Note that the option of supplying a list of strings to | |
| 513 the append method differs from the equivalent method | |
| 514 for Python's built-in list objects. | |
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515 r.append(list, nr) Idem, after line "nr" |
| 7 | 516 |
| 4496 | 517 Range object type is available using "Range" attribute of vim module. |
| 518 | |
| 7 | 519 Example (assume r is the current range): |
| 520 # Send all lines in a range to the default printer | |
| 521 vim.command("%d,%dhardcopy!" % (r.start+1,r.end+1)) | |
| 522 | |
| 523 ============================================================================== | |
| 524 5. Window objects *python-window* | |
| 525 | |
| 236 | 526 Window objects represent vim windows. You can obtain them in a number of ways: |
| 7 | 527 - via vim.current.window (|python-current|) |
| 528 - from indexing vim.windows (|python-windows|) | |
| 4401 | 529 - from indexing "windows" attribute of a tab page (|python-tabpage|) |
| 530 - from the "window" attribute of a tab page (|python-tabpage|) | |
| 7 | 531 |
| 236 | 532 You can manipulate window objects only through their attributes. They have no |
| 7 | 533 methods, and no sequence or other interface. |
| 534 | |
| 535 Window attributes are: | |
| 536 buffer (read-only) The buffer displayed in this window | |
| 537 cursor (read-write) The current cursor position in the window | |
| 538 This is a tuple, (row,col). | |
| 539 height (read-write) The window height, in rows | |
| 540 width (read-write) The window width, in columns | |
| 4323 | 541 vars (read-only) The window |w:| variables. Attribute is |
| 542 unassignable, but you can change window | |
| 543 variables this way | |
| 4350 | 544 options (read-only) The window-local options. Attribute is |
| 545 unassignable, but you can change window | |
| 546 options this way. Provides access only to | |
| 547 window-local options, for buffer-local use | |
| 548 |python-buffer| and for global ones use | |
| 549 |python-options|. If option is |global-local| | |
| 550 and local value is missing getting it will | |
| 551 return None. | |
| 4379 | 552 number (read-only) Window number. The first window has number 1. |
| 553 This is zero in case it cannot be determined | |
| 554 (e.g. when the window object belongs to other | |
| 555 tab page). | |
| 4431 | 556 row, col (read-only) On-screen window position in display cells. |
| 4383 | 557 First position is zero. |
| 4431 | 558 tabpage (read-only) Window tab page. |
| 4780 | 559 valid (read-write) True or False. Window object becomes invalid |
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560 when corresponding window is closed. |
| 4383 | 561 |
| 7 | 562 The height attribute is writable only if the screen is split horizontally. |
| 563 The width attribute is writable only if the screen is split vertically. | |
| 564 | |
| 4496 | 565 Window object type is available using "Window" attribute of vim module. |
| 566 | |
| 7 | 567 ============================================================================== |
| 4401 | 568 6. Tab page objects *python-tabpage* |
| 569 | |
| 570 Tab page objects represent vim tab pages. You can obtain them in a number of | |
| 571 ways: | |
| 572 - via vim.current.tabpage (|python-current|) | |
| 573 - from indexing vim.tabpages (|python-tabpages|) | |
| 574 | |
| 575 You can use this object to access tab page windows. They have no methods and | |
| 576 no sequence or other interfaces. | |
| 577 | |
| 578 Tab page attributes are: | |
| 579 number The tab page number like the one returned by | |
| 580 |tabpagenr()|. | |
| 581 windows Like |python-windows|, but for current tab page. | |
| 582 vars The tab page |t:| variables. | |
| 583 window Current tabpage window. | |
| 4780 | 584 valid True or False. Tab page object becomes invalid when |
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585 corresponding tab page is closed. |
| 4401 | 586 |
| 4496 | 587 TabPage object type is available using "TabPage" attribute of vim module. |
| 588 | |
| 4401 | 589 ============================================================================== |
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590 7. vim.bindeval objects *python-bindeval-objects* |
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591 |
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592 vim.Dictionary object *python-Dictionary* |
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593 Dictionary-like object providing access to vim |Dictionary| type. |
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594 Attributes: |
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595 Attribute Description ~ |
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596 locked One of *python-.locked* |
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597 Value Description ~ |
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598 zero Variable is not locked |
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599 vim.VAR_LOCKED Variable is locked, but can be unlocked |
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600 vim.VAR_FIXED Variable is locked and can't be unlocked |
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601 Read-write. You can unlock locked variable by assigning |
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602 `True` or `False` to this attribute. No recursive locking |
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603 is supported. |
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604 scope One of |
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605 Value Description ~ |
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606 zero Dictionary is not a scope one |
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607 vim.VAR_DEF_SCOPE |g:| or |l:| dictionary |
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608 vim.VAR_SCOPE Other scope dictionary, |
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609 see |internal-variables| |
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610 Methods (note: methods do not support keyword arguments): |
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611 Method Description ~ |
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612 keys() Returns a list with dictionary keys. |
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613 values() Returns a list with dictionary values. |
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614 items() Returns a list of 2-tuples with dictionary contents. |
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615 update(iterable), update(dictionary), update(**kwargs) |
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616 Adds keys to dictionary. |
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617 get(key[, default=None]) |
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618 Obtain key from dictionary, returning the default if it is |
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619 not present. |
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620 pop(key[, default]) |
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621 Remove specified key from dictionary and return |
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622 corresponding value. If key is not found and default is |
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623 given returns the default, otherwise raises KeyError. |
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624 popitem() |
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625 Remove random key from dictionary and return (key, value) |
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626 pair. |
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627 has_key(key) |
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628 Check whether dictionary contains specified key, similar |
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629 to `key in dict`. |
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630 |
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631 __new__(), __new__(iterable), __new__(dictionary), __new__(update) |
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632 You can use `vim.Dictionary()` to create new vim |
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633 dictionaries. `d=vim.Dictionary(arg)` is the same as |
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634 `d=vim.bindeval('{}');d.update(arg)`. Without arguments |
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635 constructs empty dictionary. |
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636 |
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637 Examples: > |
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638 d = vim.Dictionary(food="bar") # Constructor |
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639 d['a'] = 'b' # Item assignment |
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640 print d['a'] # getting item |
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641 d.update({'c': 'd'}) # .update(dictionary) |
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642 d.update(e='f') # .update(**kwargs) |
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643 d.update((('g', 'h'), ('i', 'j'))) # .update(iterable) |
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644 for key in d.keys(): # .keys() |
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645 for val in d.values(): # .values() |
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646 for key, val in d.items(): # .items() |
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647 print isinstance(d, vim.Dictionary) # True |
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648 for key in d: # Iteration over keys |
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649 class Dict(vim.Dictionary): # Subclassing |
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650 < |
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651 Note: when iterating over keys you should not modify dictionary. |
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652 |
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653 vim.List object *python-List* |
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654 Sequence-like object providing access to vim |List| type. |
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655 Supports `.locked` attribute, see |python-.locked|. Also supports the |
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656 following methods: |
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657 Method Description ~ |
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658 extend(item) Add items to the list. |
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659 |
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660 __new__(), __new__(iterable) |
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661 You can use `vim.List()` to create new vim lists. |
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662 `l=vim.List(iterable)` is the same as |
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663 `l=vim.bindeval('[]');l.extend(iterable)`. Without |
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664 arguments constructs empty list. |
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665 Examples: > |
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666 l = vim.List("abc") # Constructor, result: ['a', 'b', 'c'] |
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667 l.extend(['abc', 'def']) # .extend() method |
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668 print l[1:] # slicing |
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669 l[:0] = ['ghi', 'jkl'] # slice assignment |
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670 print l[0] # getting item |
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671 l[0] = 'mno' # assignment |
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672 for i in l: # iteration |
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673 print isinstance(l, vim.List) # True |
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674 class List(vim.List): # Subclassing |
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675 |
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676 vim.Function object *python-Function* |
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677 Function-like object, acting like vim |Funcref| object. Accepts special |
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678 keyword argument `self`, see |Dictionary-function|. You can also use |
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679 `vim.Function(name)` constructor, it is the same as |
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680 `vim.bindeval('function(%s)'%json.dumps(name))`. |
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681 |
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682 Attributes (read-only): |
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683 Attribute Description ~ |
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684 name Function name. |
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685 args `None` or a |python-List| object with arguments. Note |
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686 that this is a copy of the arguments list, constructed |
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687 each time you request this attribute. Modifications made |
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688 to the list will be ignored (but not to the containers |
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689 inside argument list: this is like |copy()| and not |
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690 |deepcopy()|). |
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691 self `None` or a |python-Dictionary| object with self |
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692 dictionary. Note that explicit `self` keyword used when |
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693 calling resulting object overrides this attribute. |
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694 auto_rebind Boolean. True if partial created from this Python object |
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695 and stored in the Vim script dictionary should be |
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696 automatically rebound to the dictionary it is stored in |
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697 when this dictionary is indexed. Exposes Vim internal |
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698 difference between `dict.func` (auto_rebind=True) and |
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699 `function(dict.func,dict)` (auto_rebind=False). This |
|
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700 attribute makes no sense if `self` attribute is `None`. |
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701 |
|
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702 Constructor additionally accepts `args`, `self` and `auto_rebind` |
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703 keywords. If `args` and/or `self` argument is given then it constructs |
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704 a partial, see |function()|. `auto_rebind` is only used when `self` |
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705 argument is given, otherwise it is assumed to be `True` regardless of |
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706 whether it was given or not. If `self` is given then it defaults to |
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707 `False`. |
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708 |
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709 Examples: > |
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710 f = vim.Function('tr') # Constructor |
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711 print f('abc', 'a', 'b') # Calls tr('abc', 'a', 'b') |
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712 vim.command(''' |
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713 function DictFun() dict |
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714 return self |
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715 endfunction |
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716 ''') |
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717 f = vim.bindeval('function("DictFun")') |
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718 print f(self={}) # Like call('DictFun', [], {}) |
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719 print isinstance(f, vim.Function) # True |
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720 |
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721 p = vim.Function('DictFun', self={}) |
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722 print f() |
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723 p = vim.Function('tr', args=['abc', 'a']) |
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724 print f('b') |
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725 |
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726 ============================================================================== |
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727 8. pyeval() and py3eval() Vim functions *python-pyeval* |
| 3682 | 728 |
| 729 To facilitate bi-directional interface, you can use |pyeval()| and |py3eval()| | |
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730 functions to evaluate Python expressions and pass their values to Vim script. |
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731 |pyxeval()| is also available. |
| 3682 | 732 |
|
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|
733 The Python value "None" is converted to v:none. |
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734 |
| 3682 | 735 ============================================================================== |
|
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736 9. Dynamic loading *python-dynamic* |
| 557 | 737 |
|
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738 On MS-Windows and Unix the Python library can be loaded dynamically. The |
|
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739 |:version| output then includes |+python/dyn| or |+python3/dyn|. |
| 557 | 740 |
|
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741 This means that Vim will search for the Python DLL or shared library file only |
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|
742 when needed. When you don't use the Python interface you don't need it, thus |
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|
743 you can use Vim without this file. |
| 557 | 744 |
|
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|
745 |
|
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746 MS-Windows ~ |
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747 |
|
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748 To use the Python interface the Python DLL must be in your search path. In a |
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|
749 console window type "path" to see what directories are used. The 'pythondll' |
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750 or 'pythonthreedll' option can be also used to specify the Python DLL. |
| 557 | 751 |
|
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752 The name of the DLL should match the Python version Vim was compiled with. |
|
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|
753 Currently the name for Python 2 is "python27.dll", that is for Python 2.7. |
|
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|
754 That is the default value for 'pythondll'. For Python 3 it is python36.dll |
|
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755 (Python 3.6). To know for sure edit "gvim.exe" and search for |
|
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|
756 "python\d*.dll\c". |
| 557 | 757 |
|
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|
758 |
|
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|
759 Unix ~ |
|
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|
760 |
|
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|
761 The 'pythondll' or 'pythonthreedll' option can be used to specify the Python |
|
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|
762 shared library file instead of DYNAMIC_PYTHON_DLL or DYNAMIC_PYTHON3_DLL file |
|
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|
763 what were specified at compile time. The version of the shared library must |
|
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764 match the Python 2.x or Python 3 version Vim was compiled with. |
|
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765 |
| 557 | 766 ============================================================================== |
|
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767 10. Python 3 *python3* |
|
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768 |
|
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769 *:py3* *:python3* |
| 4435 | 770 The `:py3` and `:python3` commands work similar to `:python`. A simple check |
| 4098 | 771 if the `:py3` command is working: > |
| 3750 | 772 :py3 print("Hello") |
|
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|
773 |
|
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|
774 To see what version of Python you have: > |
|
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775 :py3 import sys |
|
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776 :py3 print(sys.version) |
|
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|
777 < *:py3file* |
| 4435 | 778 The `:py3file` command works similar to `:pyfile`. |
|
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|
779 *:py3do* |
| 4435 | 780 The `:py3do` command works similar to `:pydo`. |
| 4417 | 781 |
| 3682 | 782 |
|
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|
783 Vim can be built in four ways (:version output): |
|
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784 1. No Python support (-python, -python3) |
|
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785 2. Python 2 support only (+python or +python/dyn, -python3) |
|
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786 3. Python 3 support only (-python, +python3 or +python3/dyn) |
|
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|
787 4. Python 2 and 3 support (+python/dyn, +python3/dyn) |
|
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788 |
| 5220 | 789 Some more details on the special case 4: *python-2-and-3* |
|
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790 |
|
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791 When Python 2 and Python 3 are both supported they must be loaded dynamically. |
| 2540 | 792 |
|
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793 When doing this on Linux/Unix systems and importing global symbols, this leads |
|
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|
794 to a crash when the second Python version is used. So either global symbols |
|
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|
795 are loaded but only one Python version is activated, or no global symbols are |
|
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796 loaded. The latter makes Python's "import" fail on libraries that expect the |
|
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797 symbols to be provided by Vim. |
|
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|
798 *E836* *E837* |
|
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|
799 Vim's configuration script makes a guess for all libraries based on one |
|
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Preparations for 7.3f release.
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|
800 standard Python library (termios). If importing this library succeeds for |
|
84ba6293f9d7
Preparations for 7.3f release.
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changeset
|
801 both Python versions, then both will be made available in Vim at the same |
|
84ba6293f9d7
Preparations for 7.3f release.
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parents:
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changeset
|
802 time. If not, only the version first used in a session will be enabled. |
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Preparations for 7.3f release.
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|
803 When trying to use the other one you will get the E836 or E837 error message. |
|
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Preparations for 7.3f release.
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|
804 |
|
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|
805 Here Vim's behavior depends on the system in which it was configured. In a |
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|
806 system where both versions of Python were configured with --enable-shared, |
|
84ba6293f9d7
Preparations for 7.3f release.
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807 both versions of Python will be activated at the same time. There will still |
|
84ba6293f9d7
Preparations for 7.3f release.
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|
808 be problems with other third party libraries that were not linked to |
|
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|
809 libPython. |
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810 |
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|
811 To work around such problems there are these options: |
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Preparations for 7.3f release.
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812 1. The problematic library is recompiled to link to the according |
|
84ba6293f9d7
Preparations for 7.3f release.
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|
813 libpython.so. |
|
84ba6293f9d7
Preparations for 7.3f release.
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|
814 2. Vim is recompiled for only one Python version. |
|
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815 3. You undefine PY_NO_RTLD_GLOBAL in auto/config.h after configuration. This |
|
84ba6293f9d7
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|
816 may crash Vim though. |
|
84ba6293f9d7
Preparations for 7.3f release.
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|
817 |
|
5088
34c629c3b4ba
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818 *E880* |
|
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819 Raising SystemExit exception in python isn't endorsed way to quit vim, use: > |
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820 :py vim.command("qall!") |
|
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821 < |
|
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822 |
| 2826 | 823 *has-python* |
| 824 You can test what Python version is available with: > | |
| 825 if has('python') | |
| 3082 | 826 echo 'there is Python 2.x' |
| 13125 | 827 endif |
| 828 if has('python3') | |
| 2826 | 829 echo 'there is Python 3.x' |
| 830 endif | |
| 831 | |
| 832 Note however, that when Python 2 and 3 are both available and loaded | |
| 833 dynamically, these has() calls will try to load them. If only one can be | |
| 834 loaded at a time, just checking if Python 2 or 3 are available will prevent | |
| 835 the other one from being available. | |
|
2340
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836 |
| 13125 | 837 To avoid loading the dynamic library, only check if Vim was compiled with |
| 838 python support: > | |
| 839 if has('python_compiled') | |
| 840 echo 'compiled with Python 2.x support' | |
| 13231 | 841 if has('python_dynamic') |
| 842 echo 'Python 2.x dynamically loaded' | |
| 13125 | 843 endif |
| 844 endif | |
| 845 if has('python3_compiled') | |
| 846 echo 'compiled with Python 3.x support' | |
| 13231 | 847 if has('python3_dynamic') |
| 848 echo 'Python 3.x dynamically loaded' | |
| 13125 | 849 endif |
| 850 endif | |
| 851 | |
| 852 This also tells you whether Python is dynamically loaded, which will fail if | |
| 853 the runtime library cannot be found. | |
| 854 | |
|
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855 ============================================================================== |
|
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856 11. Python X *python_x* *pythonx* |
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857 |
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858 Because most python code can be written so that it works with python 2.6+ and |
| 11062 | 859 python 3 the pyx* functions and commands have been written. They work exactly |
|
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860 the same as the Python 2 and 3 variants, but select the Python version using |
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861 the 'pyxversion' setting. |
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862 |
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863 You should set 'pyxversion' in your |.vimrc| to prefer Python 2 or Python 3 |
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864 for Python commands. If you change this setting at runtime you may risk that |
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865 state of plugins (such as initialization) may be lost. |
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866 |
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867 If you want to use a module, you can put it in the {rtp}/pythonx directory. |
|
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868 See |pythonx-directory|. |
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869 |
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870 *:pyx* *:pythonx* |
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871 The `:pyx` and `:pythonx` commands work similar to `:python`. A simple check |
|
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872 if the `:pyx` command is working: > |
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873 :pyx print("Hello") |
|
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874 |
|
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875 To see what version of Python is being used: > |
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876 :pyx import sys |
|
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877 :pyx print(sys.version) |
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878 < |
|
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|
879 *:pyxfile* *python_x-special-comments* |
|
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|
880 The `:pyxfile` command works similar to `:pyfile`. However you can add one of |
|
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881 these comments to force Vim using `:pyfile` or `:py3file`: > |
|
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|
882 #!/any string/python2 " Shebang. Must be the first line of the file. |
|
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|
883 #!/any string/python3 " Shebang. Must be the first line of the file. |
|
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|
884 # requires python 2.x " Maximum lines depend on 'modelines'. |
|
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|
885 # requires python 3.x " Maximum lines depend on 'modelines'. |
|
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|
886 Unlike normal modelines, the bottom of the file is not checked. |
|
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|
887 If none of them are found, the 'pyxversion' setting is used. |
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|
888 *W20* *W21* |
|
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889 If Vim does not support the selected Python version a silent message will be |
|
7598ce51bf2a
patch 8.0.0251: not easy to select Python 2 or 3
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|
890 printed. Use `:messages` to read them. |
|
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891 |
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892 *:pyxdo* |
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893 The `:pyxdo` command works similar to `:pydo`. |
|
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|
894 |
|
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|
895 *has-pythonx* |
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|
896 You can test if pyx* commands are available with: > |
|
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897 if has('pythonx') |
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|
898 echo 'pyx* commands are available. (Python ' . &pyx . ')' |
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899 endif |
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|
900 |
|
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|
901 When compiled with only one of |+python| or |+python3|, the has() returns 1. |
|
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|
902 When compiled with both |+python| and |+python3|, the test depends on the |
|
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|
903 'pyxversion' setting. If 'pyxversion' is 0, it tests Python 3 first, and if |
|
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|
904 it is not available then Python 2. If 'pyxversion' is 2 or 3, it tests only |
|
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|
905 Python 2 or 3 respectively. |
|
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906 |
| 11062 | 907 Note that for `has('pythonx')` to work it may try to dynamically load Python 3 |
|
10722
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908 or 2. This may have side effects, especially when Vim can only load one of |
|
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|
909 the two. |
|
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|
910 |
|
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|
911 If a user prefers Python 2 and want to fallback to Python 3, he needs to set |
|
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|
912 'pyxversion' explicitly in his |.vimrc|. E.g.: > |
|
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|
913 if has('python') |
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914 set pyx=2 |
|
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915 elseif has('python3') |
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|
916 set pyx=3 |
|
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917 endif |
|
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|
918 |
|
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919 ============================================================================== |
| 11160 | 920 12. Building with Python support *python-building* |
| 921 | |
| 922 A few hints for building with Python 2 or 3 support. | |
| 923 | |
| 924 UNIX | |
| 925 | |
| 926 See src/Makefile for how to enable including the Python interface. | |
| 927 | |
| 928 On Ubuntu you will want to install these packages for Python 2: | |
| 929 python | |
| 930 python-dev | |
| 931 For Python 3: | |
| 932 python3 | |
| 12045 | 933 python3-dev |
| 11160 | 934 For Python 3.6: |
| 935 python3.6 | |
| 12045 | 936 python3.6-dev |
| 11160 | 937 |
| 938 If you have more than one version of Python 3, you need to link python3 to the | |
| 939 one you prefer, before running configure. | |
| 940 | |
| 941 ============================================================================== | |
| 14421 | 942 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |