Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/usr_41.txt @ 22214:efa1511a5bf3 v8.2.1656
patch 8.2.1656: Vim9: callstack wrong if :def function calls :def function
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/dfa3d5524e816c1ff7f603f9f3b7703a53a0f822
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Thu Sep 10 22:05:08 2020 +0200
patch 8.2.1656: Vim9: callstack wrong if :def function calls :def function
Problem: Vim9: callstack wrong if :def function calls :def function.
Solution: Set the line number before calling. (closes https://github.com/vim/vim/issues/6914)
| author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 10 Sep 2020 22:15:03 +0200 |
| parents | d4c7b3e9cd17 |
| children | f22acf6472da |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 21991 | 1 *usr_41.txt* For Vim version 8.2. Last change: 2020 Aug 30 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 4 | |
| 5 Write a Vim script | |
| 6 | |
| 7 | |
| 8 The Vim script language is used for the startup vimrc file, syntax files, and | |
| 9 many other things. This chapter explains the items that can be used in a Vim | |
| 10 script. There are a lot of them, thus this is a long chapter. | |
| 11 | |
| 12 |41.1| Introduction | |
| 13 |41.2| Variables | |
| 14 |41.3| Expressions | |
| 15 |41.4| Conditionals | |
| 16 |41.5| Executing an expression | |
| 17 |41.6| Using functions | |
| 18 |41.7| Defining a function | |
| 161 | 19 |41.8| Lists and Dictionaries |
| 20 |41.9| Exceptions | |
| 21 |41.10| Various remarks | |
| 22 |41.11| Writing a plugin | |
| 23 |41.12| Writing a filetype plugin | |
| 24 |41.13| Writing a compiler plugin | |
| 170 | 25 |41.14| Writing a plugin that loads quickly |
| 26 |41.15| Writing library scripts | |
| 793 | 27 |41.16| Distributing Vim scripts |
| 7 | 28 |
| 29 Next chapter: |usr_42.txt| Add new menus | |
| 30 Previous chapter: |usr_40.txt| Make new commands | |
| 31 Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt| | |
| 32 | |
| 33 ============================================================================== | |
| 129 | 34 *41.1* Introduction *vim-script-intro* *script* |
| 7 | 35 |
| 36 Your first experience with Vim scripts is the vimrc file. Vim reads it when | |
| 37 it starts up and executes the commands. You can set options to values you | |
| 38 prefer. And you can use any colon command in it (commands that start with a | |
| 39 ":"; these are sometimes referred to as Ex commands or command-line commands). | |
| 40 Syntax files are also Vim scripts. As are files that set options for a | |
| 41 specific file type. A complicated macro can be defined by a separate Vim | |
| 42 script file. You can think of other uses yourself. | |
| 43 | |
| 20856 | 44 If you are familiar with Python, you can find a comparison between |
| 45 Python and Vim script here, with pointers to other documents: | |
| 46 https://gist.github.com/yegappan/16d964a37ead0979b05e655aa036cad0 | |
| 21676 | 47 And if you are familiar with JavaScript: |
| 20856 | 48 https://w0rp.com/blog/post/vim-script-for-the-javascripter/ |
|
20687
770a8e9c4781
patch 8.2.0897: list of functions in patched version is outdated
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
20643
diff
changeset
|
49 |
| 7 | 50 Let's start with a simple example: > |
| 51 | |
| 52 :let i = 1 | |
| 53 :while i < 5 | |
| 54 : echo "count is" i | |
| 161 | 55 : let i += 1 |
| 7 | 56 :endwhile |
| 57 < | |
| 58 Note: | |
| 59 The ":" characters are not really needed here. You only need to use | |
| 60 them when you type a command. In a Vim script file they can be left | |
| 61 out. We will use them here anyway to make clear these are colon | |
| 62 commands and make them stand out from Normal mode commands. | |
| 161 | 63 Note: |
| 64 You can try out the examples by yanking the lines from the text here | |
| 65 and executing them with :@" | |
| 66 | |
| 67 The output of the example code is: | |
| 68 | |
| 69 count is 1 ~ | |
| 70 count is 2 ~ | |
| 71 count is 3 ~ | |
| 72 count is 4 ~ | |
| 73 | |
| 74 In the first line the ":let" command assigns a value to a variable. The | |
| 75 generic form is: > | |
| 7 | 76 |
| 77 :let {variable} = {expression} | |
| 78 | |
| 79 In this case the variable name is "i" and the expression is a simple value, | |
| 80 the number one. | |
| 81 The ":while" command starts a loop. The generic form is: > | |
| 82 | |
| 83 :while {condition} | |
| 84 : {statements} | |
| 85 :endwhile | |
| 86 | |
| 87 The statements until the matching ":endwhile" are executed for as long as the | |
| 88 condition is true. The condition used here is the expression "i < 5". This | |
| 89 is true when the variable i is smaller than five. | |
| 90 Note: | |
| 91 If you happen to write a while loop that keeps on running, you can | |
| 92 interrupt it by pressing CTRL-C (CTRL-Break on MS-Windows). | |
| 161 | 93 |
| 94 The ":echo" command prints its arguments. In this case the string "count is" | |
| 95 and the value of the variable i. Since i is one, this will print: | |
| 96 | |
| 97 count is 1 ~ | |
| 98 | |
| 99 Then there is the ":let i += 1" command. This does the same thing as | |
| 100 ":let i = i + 1". This adds one to the variable i and assigns the new value | |
| 101 to the same variable. | |
| 20856 | 102 Note: this is how it works in legacy Vim script, which is what we discuss in |
| 103 this file. In Vim9 script it's a bit different, see |usr_46.txt|. | |
| 161 | 104 |
| 105 The example was given to explain the commands, but would you really want to | |
| 11062 | 106 make such a loop, it can be written much more compact: > |
| 112 | 107 |
| 108 :for i in range(1, 4) | |
| 109 : echo "count is" i | |
| 110 :endfor | |
| 111 | |
| 161 | 112 We won't explain how |:for| and |range()| work until later. Follow the links |
| 113 if you are impatient. | |
| 112 | 114 |
| 7 | 115 |
| 16871 | 116 FOUR KINDS OF NUMBERS |
| 117 | |
| 118 Numbers can be decimal, hexadecimal, octal or binary. A hexadecimal number | |
| 119 starts with "0x" or "0X". For example "0x1f" is decimal 31. An octal number | |
| 120 starts with a zero. "017" is decimal 15. A binary number starts with "0b" or | |
| 121 "0B". For example "0b101" is decimal 5. Careful: don't put a zero before a | |
| 122 decimal number, it will be interpreted as an octal number! | |
| 7 | 123 The ":echo" command always prints decimal numbers. Example: > |
| 124 | |
| 125 :echo 0x7f 036 | |
| 126 < 127 30 ~ | |
| 127 | |
| 16871 | 128 A number is made negative with a minus sign. This also works for hexadecimal, |
| 129 octal and binary numbers. A minus sign is also used for subtraction. Compare | |
| 130 this with the previous example: > | |
| 7 | 131 |
| 132 :echo 0x7f -036 | |
| 133 < 97 ~ | |
| 134 | |
| 135 White space in an expression is ignored. However, it's recommended to use it | |
| 136 for separating items, to make the expression easier to read. For example, to | |
| 161 | 137 avoid the confusion with a negative number above, put a space between the |
| 138 minus sign and the following number: > | |
| 7 | 139 |
| 140 :echo 0x7f - 036 | |
| 141 | |
| 142 ============================================================================== | |
| 143 *41.2* Variables | |
| 144 | |
| 145 A variable name consists of ASCII letters, digits and the underscore. It | |
| 146 cannot start with a digit. Valid variable names are: | |
| 147 | |
| 148 counter | |
| 149 _aap3 | |
| 150 very_long_variable_name_with_underscores | |
| 151 FuncLength | |
| 152 LENGTH | |
| 153 | |
| 154 Invalid names are "foo+bar" and "6var". | |
| 155 These variables are global. To see a list of currently defined variables | |
| 156 use this command: > | |
| 157 | |
| 158 :let | |
| 159 | |
| 160 You can use global variables everywhere. This also means that when the | |
| 161 variable "count" is used in one script file, it might also be used in another | |
| 162 file. This leads to confusion at least, and real problems at worst. To avoid | |
| 163 this, you can use a variable local to a script file by prepending "s:". For | |
| 164 example, one script contains this code: > | |
| 165 | |
| 166 :let s:count = 1 | |
| 167 :while s:count < 5 | |
| 168 : source other.vim | |
| 161 | 169 : let s:count += 1 |
| 7 | 170 :endwhile |
| 171 | |
| 172 Since "s:count" is local to this script, you can be sure that sourcing the | |
| 173 "other.vim" script will not change this variable. If "other.vim" also uses an | |
| 174 "s:count" variable, it will be a different copy, local to that script. More | |
| 175 about script-local variables here: |script-variable|. | |
| 176 | |
| 177 There are more kinds of variables, see |internal-variables|. The most often | |
| 178 used ones are: | |
| 179 | |
| 180 b:name variable local to a buffer | |
| 181 w:name variable local to a window | |
| 182 g:name global variable (also in a function) | |
| 183 v:name variable predefined by Vim | |
| 184 | |
| 185 | |
| 186 DELETING VARIABLES | |
| 187 | |
| 188 Variables take up memory and show up in the output of the ":let" command. To | |
| 189 delete a variable use the ":unlet" command. Example: > | |
| 190 | |
| 191 :unlet s:count | |
| 192 | |
| 193 This deletes the script-local variable "s:count" to free up the memory it | |
| 194 uses. If you are not sure if the variable exists, and don't want an error | |
| 195 message when it doesn't, append !: > | |
| 196 | |
| 197 :unlet! s:count | |
| 198 | |
| 199 When a script finishes, the local variables used there will not be | |
| 200 automatically freed. The next time the script executes, it can still use the | |
| 201 old value. Example: > | |
| 202 | |
| 203 :if !exists("s:call_count") | |
| 204 : let s:call_count = 0 | |
| 205 :endif | |
| 206 :let s:call_count = s:call_count + 1 | |
| 207 :echo "called" s:call_count "times" | |
| 208 | |
| 209 The "exists()" function checks if a variable has already been defined. Its | |
| 210 argument is the name of the variable you want to check. Not the variable | |
| 211 itself! If you would do this: > | |
| 212 | |
| 213 :if !exists(s:call_count) | |
| 214 | |
| 215 Then the value of s:call_count will be used as the name of the variable that | |
| 216 exists() checks. That's not what you want. | |
| 217 The exclamation mark ! negates a value. When the value was true, it | |
| 218 becomes false. When it was false, it becomes true. You can read it as "not". | |
| 219 Thus "if !exists()" can be read as "if not exists()". | |
| 161 | 220 What Vim calls true is anything that is not zero. Zero is false. |
| 856 | 221 Note: |
| 161 | 222 Vim automatically converts a string to a number when it is looking for |
| 223 a number. When using a string that doesn't start with a digit the | |
| 224 resulting number is zero. Thus look out for this: > | |
| 225 :if "true" | |
| 226 < The "true" will be interpreted as a zero, thus as false! | |
| 7 | 227 |
| 228 | |
| 229 STRING VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS | |
| 230 | |
| 231 So far only numbers were used for the variable value. Strings can be used as | |
| 161 | 232 well. Numbers and strings are the basic types of variables that Vim supports. |
| 233 The type is dynamic, it is set each time when assigning a value to the | |
| 234 variable with ":let". More about types in |41.8|. | |
| 7 | 235 To assign a string value to a variable, you need to use a string constant. |
| 236 There are two types of these. First the string in double quotes: > | |
| 237 | |
| 238 :let name = "peter" | |
| 239 :echo name | |
| 240 < peter ~ | |
| 241 | |
| 242 If you want to include a double quote inside the string, put a backslash in | |
| 243 front of it: > | |
| 244 | |
| 245 :let name = "\"peter\"" | |
| 246 :echo name | |
| 247 < "peter" ~ | |
| 248 | |
| 249 To avoid the need for a backslash, you can use a string in single quotes: > | |
| 250 | |
| 251 :let name = '"peter"' | |
| 252 :echo name | |
| 253 < "peter" ~ | |
| 254 | |
| 161 | 255 Inside a single-quote string all the characters are as they are. Only the |
| 256 single quote itself is special: you need to use two to get one. A backslash | |
| 257 is taken literally, thus you can't use it to change the meaning of the | |
| 7 | 258 character after it. |
| 259 In double-quote strings it is possible to use special characters. Here are | |
| 260 a few useful ones: | |
| 261 | |
| 262 \t <Tab> | |
| 263 \n <NL>, line break | |
| 264 \r <CR>, <Enter> | |
| 265 \e <Esc> | |
| 266 \b <BS>, backspace | |
| 267 \" " | |
| 268 \\ \, backslash | |
| 269 \<Esc> <Esc> | |
| 270 \<C-W> CTRL-W | |
| 271 | |
| 272 The last two are just examples. The "\<name>" form can be used to include | |
| 273 the special key "name". | |
| 274 See |expr-quote| for the full list of special items in a string. | |
| 275 | |
| 276 ============================================================================== | |
| 277 *41.3* Expressions | |
| 278 | |
| 279 Vim has a rich, yet simple way to handle expressions. You can read the | |
| 280 definition here: |expression-syntax|. Here we will show the most common | |
| 281 items. | |
| 282 The numbers, strings and variables mentioned above are expressions by | |
| 283 themselves. Thus everywhere an expression is expected, you can use a number, | |
| 284 string or variable. Other basic items in an expression are: | |
| 285 | |
| 286 $NAME environment variable | |
| 287 &name option | |
| 288 @r register | |
| 289 | |
| 290 Examples: > | |
| 291 | |
| 292 :echo "The value of 'tabstop' is" &ts | |
| 293 :echo "Your home directory is" $HOME | |
| 294 :if @a > 5 | |
| 295 | |
| 296 The &name form can be used to save an option value, set it to a new value, | |
| 297 do something and restore the old value. Example: > | |
| 298 | |
| 299 :let save_ic = &ic | |
| 300 :set noic | |
| 301 :/The Start/,$delete | |
| 302 :let &ic = save_ic | |
| 303 | |
| 304 This makes sure the "The Start" pattern is used with the 'ignorecase' option | |
| 161 | 305 off. Still, it keeps the value that the user had set. (Another way to do |
| 306 this would be to add "\C" to the pattern, see |/\C|.) | |
| 7 | 307 |
| 308 | |
| 309 MATHEMATICS | |
| 310 | |
| 311 It becomes more interesting if we combine these basic items. Let's start with | |
| 312 mathematics on numbers: | |
| 313 | |
| 314 a + b add | |
| 315 a - b subtract | |
| 316 a * b multiply | |
| 317 a / b divide | |
| 318 a % b modulo | |
| 319 | |
| 320 The usual precedence is used. Example: > | |
| 321 | |
| 322 :echo 10 + 5 * 2 | |
| 323 < 20 ~ | |
| 324 | |
| 2709 | 325 Grouping is done with parentheses. No surprises here. Example: > |
| 7 | 326 |
| 327 :echo (10 + 5) * 2 | |
| 328 < 30 ~ | |
| 329 | |
| 22171 | 330 Strings can be concatenated with ".." (see |expr6|). Example: > |
| 331 | |
| 332 :echo "foo" .. "bar" | |
| 7 | 333 < foobar ~ |
| 334 | |
| 335 When the ":echo" command gets multiple arguments, it separates them with a | |
| 336 space. In the example the argument is a single expression, thus no space is | |
| 337 inserted. | |
| 338 | |
| 339 Borrowed from the C language is the conditional expression: | |
| 340 | |
| 341 a ? b : c | |
| 342 | |
| 343 If "a" evaluates to true "b" is used, otherwise "c" is used. Example: > | |
| 344 | |
| 345 :let i = 4 | |
| 346 :echo i > 5 ? "i is big" : "i is small" | |
| 347 < i is small ~ | |
| 348 | |
| 349 The three parts of the constructs are always evaluated first, thus you could | |
| 350 see it work as: | |
| 351 | |
| 352 (a) ? (b) : (c) | |
| 353 | |
| 354 ============================================================================== | |
| 355 *41.4* Conditionals | |
| 356 | |
| 357 The ":if" commands executes the following statements, until the matching | |
| 358 ":endif", only when a condition is met. The generic form is: | |
| 359 | |
| 360 :if {condition} | |
| 361 {statements} | |
| 362 :endif | |
| 363 | |
| 364 Only when the expression {condition} evaluates to true (non-zero) will the | |
| 365 {statements} be executed. These must still be valid commands. If they | |
| 366 contain garbage, Vim won't be able to find the ":endif". | |
| 367 You can also use ":else". The generic form for this is: | |
| 368 | |
| 369 :if {condition} | |
| 370 {statements} | |
| 371 :else | |
| 372 {statements} | |
| 373 :endif | |
| 374 | |
| 375 The second {statements} is only executed if the first one isn't. | |
| 376 Finally, there is ":elseif": | |
| 377 | |
| 378 :if {condition} | |
| 379 {statements} | |
| 380 :elseif {condition} | |
| 381 {statements} | |
| 382 :endif | |
| 383 | |
| 384 This works just like using ":else" and then "if", but without the need for an | |
| 385 extra ":endif". | |
| 386 A useful example for your vimrc file is checking the 'term' option and | |
| 387 doing something depending upon its value: > | |
| 388 | |
| 389 :if &term == "xterm" | |
| 390 : " Do stuff for xterm | |
| 391 :elseif &term == "vt100" | |
| 392 : " Do stuff for a vt100 terminal | |
| 393 :else | |
| 394 : " Do something for other terminals | |
| 395 :endif | |
| 396 | |
| 397 | |
| 398 LOGIC OPERATIONS | |
| 399 | |
| 400 We already used some of them in the examples. These are the most often used | |
| 401 ones: | |
| 402 | |
| 403 a == b equal to | |
| 404 a != b not equal to | |
| 405 a > b greater than | |
| 406 a >= b greater than or equal to | |
| 407 a < b less than | |
| 408 a <= b less than or equal to | |
| 409 | |
| 410 The result is one if the condition is met and zero otherwise. An example: > | |
| 411 | |
| 161 | 412 :if v:version >= 700 |
| 7 | 413 : echo "congratulations" |
| 414 :else | |
| 415 : echo "you are using an old version, upgrade!" | |
| 416 :endif | |
| 417 | |
| 418 Here "v:version" is a variable defined by Vim, which has the value of the Vim | |
| 419 version. 600 is for version 6.0. Version 6.1 has the value 601. This is | |
| 420 very useful to write a script that works with multiple versions of Vim. | |
| 421 |v:version| | |
| 422 | |
| 423 The logic operators work both for numbers and strings. When comparing two | |
| 424 strings, the mathematical difference is used. This compares byte values, | |
| 425 which may not be right for some languages. | |
| 426 When comparing a string with a number, the string is first converted to a | |
| 427 number. This is a bit tricky, because when a string doesn't look like a | |
| 428 number, the number zero is used. Example: > | |
| 429 | |
| 430 :if 0 == "one" | |
| 431 : echo "yes" | |
| 432 :endif | |
| 433 | |
| 434 This will echo "yes", because "one" doesn't look like a number, thus it is | |
| 435 converted to the number zero. | |
| 436 | |
| 437 For strings there are two more items: | |
| 438 | |
| 439 a =~ b matches with | |
| 440 a !~ b does not match with | |
| 441 | |
| 442 The left item "a" is used as a string. The right item "b" is used as a | |
| 443 pattern, like what's used for searching. Example: > | |
| 444 | |
| 445 :if str =~ " " | |
| 446 : echo "str contains a space" | |
| 447 :endif | |
| 448 :if str !~ '\.$' | |
| 449 : echo "str does not end in a full stop" | |
| 450 :endif | |
| 451 | |
| 452 Notice the use of a single-quote string for the pattern. This is useful, | |
| 161 | 453 because backslashes would need to be doubled in a double-quote string and |
| 454 patterns tend to contain many backslashes. | |
| 7 | 455 |
| 456 The 'ignorecase' option is used when comparing strings. When you don't want | |
| 457 that, append "#" to match case and "?" to ignore case. Thus "==?" compares | |
| 458 two strings to be equal while ignoring case. And "!~#" checks if a pattern | |
| 459 doesn't match, also checking the case of letters. For the full table see | |
| 460 |expr-==|. | |
| 461 | |
| 462 | |
| 463 MORE LOOPING | |
| 464 | |
| 465 The ":while" command was already mentioned. Two more statements can be used | |
| 466 in between the ":while" and the ":endwhile": | |
| 467 | |
| 468 :continue Jump back to the start of the while loop; the | |
| 469 loop continues. | |
| 470 :break Jump forward to the ":endwhile"; the loop is | |
| 471 discontinued. | |
| 472 | |
| 473 Example: > | |
| 474 | |
| 475 :while counter < 40 | |
| 476 : call do_something() | |
| 477 : if skip_flag | |
| 478 : continue | |
| 479 : endif | |
| 480 : if finished_flag | |
| 481 : break | |
| 482 : endif | |
| 483 : sleep 50m | |
| 484 :endwhile | |
| 485 | |
| 486 The ":sleep" command makes Vim take a nap. The "50m" specifies fifty | |
| 487 milliseconds. Another example is ":sleep 4", which sleeps for four seconds. | |
| 488 | |
| 161 | 489 Even more looping can be done with the ":for" command, see below in |41.8|. |
| 490 | |
| 7 | 491 ============================================================================== |
| 492 *41.5* Executing an expression | |
| 493 | |
| 494 So far the commands in the script were executed by Vim directly. The | |
| 495 ":execute" command allows executing the result of an expression. This is a | |
| 496 very powerful way to build commands and execute them. | |
| 497 An example is to jump to a tag, which is contained in a variable: > | |
| 498 | |
| 22171 | 499 :execute "tag " .. tag_name |
| 500 | |
| 501 The ".." is used to concatenate the string "tag " with the value of variable | |
| 7 | 502 "tag_name". Suppose "tag_name" has the value "get_cmd", then the command that |
| 503 will be executed is: > | |
| 504 | |
| 505 :tag get_cmd | |
| 506 | |
| 507 The ":execute" command can only execute colon commands. The ":normal" command | |
| 508 executes Normal mode commands. However, its argument is not an expression but | |
| 509 the literal command characters. Example: > | |
| 510 | |
| 511 :normal gg=G | |
| 512 | |
| 513 This jumps to the first line and formats all lines with the "=" operator. | |
| 514 To make ":normal" work with an expression, combine ":execute" with it. | |
| 515 Example: > | |
| 516 | |
| 22171 | 517 :execute "normal " .. normal_commands |
| 7 | 518 |
| 519 The variable "normal_commands" must contain the Normal mode commands. | |
| 520 Make sure that the argument for ":normal" is a complete command. Otherwise | |
| 521 Vim will run into the end of the argument and abort the command. For example, | |
| 522 if you start Insert mode, you must leave Insert mode as well. This works: > | |
| 523 | |
| 524 :execute "normal Inew text \<Esc>" | |
| 525 | |
| 526 This inserts "new text " in the current line. Notice the use of the special | |
| 527 key "\<Esc>". This avoids having to enter a real <Esc> character in your | |
| 528 script. | |
| 529 | |
| 161 | 530 If you don't want to execute a string but evaluate it to get its expression |
| 531 value, you can use the eval() function: > | |
| 532 | |
| 533 :let optname = "path" | |
| 22171 | 534 :let optval = eval('&' .. optname) |
| 161 | 535 |
| 536 A "&" character is prepended to "path", thus the argument to eval() is | |
| 537 "&path". The result will then be the value of the 'path' option. | |
| 538 The same thing can be done with: > | |
| 22171 | 539 :exe 'let optval = &' .. optname |
| 161 | 540 |
| 7 | 541 ============================================================================== |
| 542 *41.6* Using functions | |
| 543 | |
| 544 Vim defines many functions and provides a large amount of functionality that | |
| 545 way. A few examples will be given in this section. You can find the whole | |
| 546 list here: |functions|. | |
| 547 | |
| 548 A function is called with the ":call" command. The parameters are passed in | |
| 2709 | 549 between parentheses separated by commas. Example: > |
| 7 | 550 |
| 551 :call search("Date: ", "W") | |
| 552 | |
| 553 This calls the search() function, with arguments "Date: " and "W". The | |
| 554 search() function uses its first argument as a search pattern and the second | |
| 555 one as flags. The "W" flag means the search doesn't wrap around the end of | |
| 556 the file. | |
| 557 | |
| 558 A function can be called in an expression. Example: > | |
| 559 | |
| 560 :let line = getline(".") | |
| 561 :let repl = substitute(line, '\a', "*", "g") | |
| 562 :call setline(".", repl) | |
| 563 | |
| 161 | 564 The getline() function obtains a line from the current buffer. Its argument |
| 565 is a specification of the line number. In this case "." is used, which means | |
| 566 the line where the cursor is. | |
| 7 | 567 The substitute() function does something similar to the ":substitute" |
| 568 command. The first argument is the string on which to perform the | |
| 569 substitution. The second argument is the pattern, the third the replacement | |
| 570 string. Finally, the last arguments are the flags. | |
| 571 The setline() function sets the line, specified by the first argument, to a | |
| 572 new string, the second argument. In this example the line under the cursor is | |
| 573 replaced with the result of the substitute(). Thus the effect of the three | |
| 574 statements is equal to: > | |
| 575 | |
| 576 :substitute/\a/*/g | |
| 577 | |
| 578 Using the functions becomes more interesting when you do more work before and | |
| 579 after the substitute() call. | |
| 580 | |
| 581 | |
| 582 FUNCTIONS *function-list* | |
| 583 | |
| 584 There are many functions. We will mention them here, grouped by what they are | |
| 585 used for. You can find an alphabetical list here: |functions|. Use CTRL-] on | |
| 586 the function name to jump to detailed help on it. | |
| 587 | |
|
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588 String manipulation: *string-functions* |
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589 nr2char() get a character by its number value |
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590 list2str() get a character string from a list of numbers |
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591 char2nr() get number value of a character |
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592 str2list() get list of numbers from a string |
| 1620 | 593 str2nr() convert a string to a Number |
| 594 str2float() convert a string to a Float | |
| 824 | 595 printf() format a string according to % items |
| 7 | 596 escape() escape characters in a string with a '\' |
| 1620 | 597 shellescape() escape a string for use with a shell command |
| 598 fnameescape() escape a file name for use with a Vim command | |
| 824 | 599 tr() translate characters from one set to another |
| 7 | 600 strtrans() translate a string to make it printable |
| 601 tolower() turn a string to lowercase | |
| 602 toupper() turn a string to uppercase | |
|
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603 charclass() class of a character |
| 7 | 604 match() position where a pattern matches in a string |
| 605 matchend() position where a pattern match ends in a string | |
| 606 matchstr() match of a pattern in a string | |
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|
607 matchstrpos() match and positions of a pattern in a string |
| 824 | 608 matchlist() like matchstr() and also return submatches |
| 7 | 609 stridx() first index of a short string in a long string |
| 610 strridx() last index of a short string in a long string | |
| 5618 | 611 strlen() length of a string in bytes |
| 612 strchars() length of a string in characters | |
| 613 strwidth() size of string when displayed | |
| 614 strdisplaywidth() size of string when displayed, deals with tabs | |
|
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615 setcellwidths() set character cell width overrides |
| 7 | 616 substitute() substitute a pattern match with a string |
| 2908 | 617 submatch() get a specific match in ":s" and substitute() |
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618 strpart() get part of a string using byte index |
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619 strcharpart() get part of a string using char index |
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620 strgetchar() get character from a string using char index |
| 7 | 621 expand() expand special keywords |
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622 expandcmd() expand a command like done for `:edit` |
| 7 | 623 iconv() convert text from one encoding to another |
| 824 | 624 byteidx() byte index of a character in a string |
| 5618 | 625 byteidxcomp() like byteidx() but count composing characters |
| 824 | 626 repeat() repeat a string multiple times |
| 627 eval() evaluate a string expression | |
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628 execute() execute an Ex command and get the output |
| 16871 | 629 win_execute() like execute() but in a specified window |
| 15068 | 630 trim() trim characters from a string |
|
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631 gettext() lookup message translation |
| 7 | 632 |
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633 List manipulation: *list-functions* |
| 112 | 634 get() get an item without error for wrong index |
| 635 len() number of items in a List | |
| 636 empty() check if List is empty | |
| 637 insert() insert an item somewhere in a List | |
| 638 add() append an item to a List | |
| 639 extend() append a List to a List | |
| 640 remove() remove one or more items from a List | |
| 641 copy() make a shallow copy of a List | |
| 642 deepcopy() make a full copy of a List | |
| 643 filter() remove selected items from a List | |
| 644 map() change each List item | |
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645 reduce() reduce a List to a value |
| 112 | 646 sort() sort a List |
| 647 reverse() reverse the order of a List | |
| 5763 | 648 uniq() remove copies of repeated adjacent items |
| 112 | 649 split() split a String into a List |
| 650 join() join List items into a String | |
| 824 | 651 range() return a List with a sequence of numbers |
| 112 | 652 string() String representation of a List |
| 653 call() call a function with List as arguments | |
| 323 | 654 index() index of a value in a List |
| 112 | 655 max() maximum value in a List |
| 656 min() minimum value in a List | |
| 657 count() count number of times a value appears in a List | |
| 824 | 658 repeat() repeat a List multiple times |
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659 flatten() flatten a List |
| 112 | 660 |
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661 Dictionary manipulation: *dict-functions* |
| 323 | 662 get() get an entry without an error for a wrong key |
| 112 | 663 len() number of entries in a Dictionary |
| 664 has_key() check whether a key appears in a Dictionary | |
| 665 empty() check if Dictionary is empty | |
| 666 remove() remove an entry from a Dictionary | |
| 667 extend() add entries from one Dictionary to another | |
| 668 filter() remove selected entries from a Dictionary | |
| 669 map() change each Dictionary entry | |
| 670 keys() get List of Dictionary keys | |
| 671 values() get List of Dictionary values | |
| 672 items() get List of Dictionary key-value pairs | |
| 673 copy() make a shallow copy of a Dictionary | |
| 674 deepcopy() make a full copy of a Dictionary | |
| 675 string() String representation of a Dictionary | |
| 676 max() maximum value in a Dictionary | |
| 677 min() minimum value in a Dictionary | |
| 678 count() count number of times a value appears | |
| 679 | |
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680 Floating point computation: *float-functions* |
| 1620 | 681 float2nr() convert Float to Number |
| 682 abs() absolute value (also works for Number) | |
| 683 round() round off | |
| 684 ceil() round up | |
| 685 floor() round down | |
| 686 trunc() remove value after decimal point | |
| 5618 | 687 fmod() remainder of division |
| 688 exp() exponential | |
| 689 log() natural logarithm (logarithm to base e) | |
| 1620 | 690 log10() logarithm to base 10 |
| 691 pow() value of x to the exponent y | |
| 692 sqrt() square root | |
| 693 sin() sine | |
| 694 cos() cosine | |
| 2725 | 695 tan() tangent |
| 696 asin() arc sine | |
| 697 acos() arc cosine | |
| 1620 | 698 atan() arc tangent |
| 2725 | 699 atan2() arc tangent |
| 700 sinh() hyperbolic sine | |
| 701 cosh() hyperbolic cosine | |
| 702 tanh() hyperbolic tangent | |
|
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703 isinf() check for infinity |
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704 isnan() check for not a number |
| 1620 | 705 |
| 3237 | 706 Other computation: *bitwise-function* |
| 707 and() bitwise AND | |
| 708 invert() bitwise invert | |
| 709 or() bitwise OR | |
| 710 xor() bitwise XOR | |
| 5618 | 711 sha256() SHA-256 hash |
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712 rand() get a pseudo-random number |
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713 srand() initialize seed used by rand() |
| 3237 | 714 |
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715 Variables: *var-functions* |
| 824 | 716 type() type of a variable |
| 717 islocked() check if a variable is locked | |
| 11062 | 718 funcref() get a Funcref for a function reference |
| 824 | 719 function() get a Funcref for a function name |
| 720 getbufvar() get a variable value from a specific buffer | |
| 721 setbufvar() set a variable in a specific buffer | |
| 831 | 722 getwinvar() get a variable from specific window |
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723 gettabvar() get a variable from specific tab page |
| 831 | 724 gettabwinvar() get a variable from specific window & tab page |
| 824 | 725 setwinvar() set a variable in a specific window |
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726 settabvar() set a variable in a specific tab page |
| 831 | 727 settabwinvar() set a variable in a specific window & tab page |
| 824 | 728 garbagecollect() possibly free memory |
| 729 | |
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730 Cursor and mark position: *cursor-functions* *mark-functions* |
| 7 | 731 col() column number of the cursor or a mark |
| 732 virtcol() screen column of the cursor or a mark | |
| 733 line() line number of the cursor or mark | |
| 734 wincol() window column number of the cursor | |
| 735 winline() window line number of the cursor | |
| 736 cursor() position the cursor at a line/column | |
| 5618 | 737 screencol() get screen column of the cursor |
| 738 screenrow() get screen row of the cursor | |
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739 screenpos() screen row and col of a text character |
| 5968 | 740 getcurpos() get position of the cursor |
| 824 | 741 getpos() get position of cursor, mark, etc. |
| 742 setpos() set position of cursor, mark, etc. | |
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743 getmarklist() list of global/local marks |
| 824 | 744 byte2line() get line number at a specific byte count |
| 745 line2byte() byte count at a specific line | |
| 746 diff_filler() get the number of filler lines above a line | |
| 5618 | 747 screenattr() get attribute at a screen line/row |
| 748 screenchar() get character code at a screen line/row | |
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749 screenchars() get character codes at a screen line/row |
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750 screenstring() get string of characters at a screen line/row |
| 824 | 751 |
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752 Working with text in the current buffer: *text-functions* |
| 161 | 753 getline() get a line or list of lines from the buffer |
| 7 | 754 setline() replace a line in the buffer |
| 161 | 755 append() append line or list of lines in the buffer |
| 7 | 756 indent() indent of a specific line |
| 757 cindent() indent according to C indenting | |
| 758 lispindent() indent according to Lisp indenting | |
| 759 nextnonblank() find next non-blank line | |
| 760 prevnonblank() find previous non-blank line | |
| 761 search() find a match for a pattern | |
| 667 | 762 searchpos() find a match for a pattern |
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763 searchcount() get number of matches before/after the cursor |
| 7 | 764 searchpair() find the other end of a start/skip/end |
| 667 | 765 searchpairpos() find the other end of a start/skip/end |
| 824 | 766 searchdecl() search for the declaration of a name |
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767 getcharsearch() return character search information |
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768 setcharsearch() set character search information |
| 7 | 769 |
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770 Working with text in another buffer: |
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771 getbufline() get a list of lines from the specified buffer |
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772 setbufline() replace a line in the specified buffer |
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773 appendbufline() append a list of lines in the specified buffer |
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774 deletebufline() delete lines from a specified buffer |
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775 |
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776 *system-functions* *file-functions* |
| 7 | 777 System functions and manipulation of files: |
| 778 glob() expand wildcards | |
| 779 globpath() expand wildcards in a number of directories | |
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780 glob2regpat() convert a glob pattern into a search pattern |
| 824 | 781 findfile() find a file in a list of directories |
| 782 finddir() find a directory in a list of directories | |
| 7 | 783 resolve() find out where a shortcut points to |
| 784 fnamemodify() modify a file name | |
| 824 | 785 pathshorten() shorten directory names in a path |
| 786 simplify() simplify a path without changing its meaning | |
| 7 | 787 executable() check if an executable program exists |
| 5814 | 788 exepath() full path of an executable program |
| 7 | 789 filereadable() check if a file can be read |
| 790 filewritable() check if a file can be written to | |
| 824 | 791 getfperm() get the permissions of a file |
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792 setfperm() set the permissions of a file |
| 824 | 793 getftype() get the kind of a file |
| 7 | 794 isdirectory() check if a directory exists |
| 795 getfsize() get the size of a file | |
| 824 | 796 getcwd() get the current working directory |
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797 haslocaldir() check if current window used |:lcd| or |:tcd| |
| 7 | 798 tempname() get the name of a temporary file |
| 824 | 799 mkdir() create a new directory |
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800 chdir() change current working directory |
| 7 | 801 delete() delete a file |
| 802 rename() rename a file | |
| 5814 | 803 system() get the result of a shell command as a string |
| 804 systemlist() get the result of a shell command as a list | |
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805 environ() get all environment variables |
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806 getenv() get one environment variable |
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807 setenv() set an environment variable |
| 7 | 808 hostname() name of the system |
| 158 | 809 readfile() read a file into a List of lines |
| 16267 | 810 readdir() get a List of file names in a directory |
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811 readdirex() get a List of file information in a directory |
| 15729 | 812 writefile() write a List of lines or Blob into a file |
| 7 | 813 |
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814 Date and Time: *date-functions* *time-functions* |
| 824 | 815 getftime() get last modification time of a file |
| 816 localtime() get current time in seconds | |
| 817 strftime() convert time to a string | |
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818 strptime() convert a date/time string to time |
| 824 | 819 reltime() get the current or elapsed time accurately |
| 820 reltimestr() convert reltime() result to a string | |
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821 reltimefloat() convert reltime() result to a Float |
| 824 | 822 |
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823 *buffer-functions* *window-functions* *arg-functions* |
| 7 | 824 Buffers, windows and the argument list: |
| 825 argc() number of entries in the argument list | |
| 826 argidx() current position in the argument list | |
| 5942 | 827 arglistid() get id of the argument list |
| 7 | 828 argv() get one entry from the argument list |
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changeset
|
829 bufadd() add a file to the list of buffers |
| 7 | 830 bufexists() check if a buffer exists |
| 831 buflisted() check if a buffer exists and is listed | |
|
17257
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
832 bufload() ensure a buffer is loaded |
| 7 | 833 bufloaded() check if a buffer exists and is loaded |
| 834 bufname() get the name of a specific buffer | |
| 835 bufnr() get the buffer number of a specific buffer | |
| 824 | 836 tabpagebuflist() return List of buffers in a tab page |
| 837 tabpagenr() get the number of a tab page | |
| 838 tabpagewinnr() like winnr() for a specified tab page | |
| 7 | 839 winnr() get the window number for the current window |
|
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changeset
|
840 bufwinid() get the window ID of a specific buffer |
| 7 | 841 bufwinnr() get the window number of a specific buffer |
| 842 winbufnr() get the buffer number of a specific window | |
|
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
843 listener_add() add a callback to listen to changes |
| 16808 | 844 listener_flush() invoke listener callbacks |
|
16638
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
845 listener_remove() remove a listener callback |
|
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|
846 win_findbuf() find windows containing a buffer |
|
64035abb986b
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c95a302a4c42ec8230473cd4a5e0064d0a143aa8
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|
847 win_getid() get window ID of a window |
|
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|
848 win_gettype() get type of window |
|
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|
849 win_gotoid() go to window with ID |
|
64035abb986b
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c95a302a4c42ec8230473cd4a5e0064d0a143aa8
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|
850 win_id2tabwin() get tab and window nr from window ID |
|
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diff
changeset
|
851 win_id2win() get window nr from window ID |
|
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
852 win_splitmove() move window to a split of another window |
|
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
853 getbufinfo() get a list with buffer information |
|
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changeset
|
854 gettabinfo() get a list with tab page information |
|
3e96d9ed2ca1
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|
855 getwininfo() get a list with window information |
|
13280
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patch 8.0.1514: getting the list of changes is not easy
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parents:
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|
856 getchangelist() get a list of change list entries |
|
13246
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|
857 getjumplist() get a list of jump list entries |
| 14637 | 858 swapinfo() information about a swap file |
| 15068 | 859 swapname() get the swap file path of a buffer |
| 824 | 860 |
|
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|
861 Command line: *command-line-functions* |
| 824 | 862 getcmdline() get the current command line |
| 863 getcmdpos() get position of the cursor in the command line | |
| 864 setcmdpos() set position of the cursor in the command line | |
| 865 getcmdtype() return the current command-line type | |
| 6153 | 866 getcmdwintype() return the current command-line window type |
|
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|
867 getcompletion() list of command-line completion matches |
| 824 | 868 |
|
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changeset
|
869 Quickfix and location lists: *quickfix-functions* |
| 824 | 870 getqflist() list of quickfix errors |
| 871 setqflist() modify a quickfix list | |
| 872 getloclist() list of location list items | |
| 873 setloclist() modify a location list | |
| 874 | |
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changeset
|
875 Insert mode completion: *completion-functions* |
| 824 | 876 complete() set found matches |
| 877 complete_add() add to found matches | |
| 878 complete_check() check if completion should be aborted | |
|
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|
879 complete_info() get current completion information |
| 824 | 880 pumvisible() check if the popup menu is displayed |
| 18186 | 881 pum_getpos() position and size of popup menu if visible |
| 7 | 882 |
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|
883 Folding: *folding-functions* |
| 7 | 884 foldclosed() check for a closed fold at a specific line |
| 885 foldclosedend() like foldclosed() but return the last line | |
| 886 foldlevel() check for the fold level at a specific line | |
| 887 foldtext() generate the line displayed for a closed fold | |
| 824 | 888 foldtextresult() get the text displayed for a closed fold |
| 889 | |
|
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|
890 Syntax and highlighting: *syntax-functions* *highlighting-functions* |
| 1326 | 891 clearmatches() clear all matches defined by |matchadd()| and |
| 892 the |:match| commands | |
| 893 getmatches() get all matches defined by |matchadd()| and | |
| 894 the |:match| commands | |
| 7 | 895 hlexists() check if a highlight group exists |
| 896 hlID() get ID of a highlight group | |
| 897 synID() get syntax ID at a specific position | |
| 898 synIDattr() get a specific attribute of a syntax ID | |
| 899 synIDtrans() get translated syntax ID | |
| 2642 | 900 synstack() get list of syntax IDs at a specific position |
| 2662 | 901 synconcealed() get info about concealing |
| 824 | 902 diff_hlID() get highlight ID for diff mode at a position |
| 1326 | 903 matchadd() define a pattern to highlight (a "match") |
| 5979 | 904 matchaddpos() define a list of positions to highlight |
| 824 | 905 matcharg() get info about |:match| arguments |
| 1326 | 906 matchdelete() delete a match defined by |matchadd()| or a |
| 907 |:match| command | |
| 908 setmatches() restore a list of matches saved by | |
| 909 |getmatches()| | |
| 824 | 910 |
|
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
911 Spelling: *spell-functions* |
| 824 | 912 spellbadword() locate badly spelled word at or after cursor |
| 913 spellsuggest() return suggested spelling corrections | |
| 914 soundfold() return the sound-a-like equivalent of a word | |
| 7 | 915 |
|
2301
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diff
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|
916 History: *history-functions* |
| 7 | 917 histadd() add an item to a history |
| 918 histdel() delete an item from a history | |
| 919 histget() get an item from a history | |
| 920 histnr() get highest index of a history list | |
| 921 | |
|
2301
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922 Interactive: *interactive-functions* |
| 824 | 923 browse() put up a file requester |
| 924 browsedir() put up a directory requester | |
| 7 | 925 confirm() let the user make a choice |
| 926 getchar() get a character from the user | |
| 927 getcharmod() get modifiers for the last typed character | |
| 18639 | 928 getmousepos() get last known mouse position |
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929 echoraw() output characters as-is |
| 1620 | 930 feedkeys() put characters in the typeahead queue |
| 7 | 931 input() get a line from the user |
| 824 | 932 inputlist() let the user pick an entry from a list |
| 7 | 933 inputsecret() get a line from the user without showing it |
| 934 inputdialog() get a line from the user in a dialog | |
| 230 | 935 inputsave() save and clear typeahead |
| 7 | 936 inputrestore() restore typeahead |
| 937 | |
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938 GUI: *gui-functions* |
| 824 | 939 getfontname() get name of current font being used |
| 13437 | 940 getwinpos() position of the Vim window |
| 941 getwinposx() X position of the Vim window | |
| 942 getwinposy() Y position of the Vim window | |
| 11062 | 943 balloon_show() set the balloon content |
| 12909 | 944 balloon_split() split a message for a balloon |
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945 balloon_gettext() get the text in the balloon |
| 824 | 946 |
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947 Vim server: *server-functions* |
| 7 | 948 serverlist() return the list of server names |
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949 remote_startserver() run a server |
| 7 | 950 remote_send() send command characters to a Vim server |
| 951 remote_expr() evaluate an expression in a Vim server | |
| 952 server2client() send a reply to a client of a Vim server | |
| 953 remote_peek() check if there is a reply from a Vim server | |
| 954 remote_read() read a reply from a Vim server | |
| 955 foreground() move the Vim window to the foreground | |
| 956 remote_foreground() move the Vim server window to the foreground | |
| 957 | |
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958 Window size and position: *window-size-functions* |
| 824 | 959 winheight() get height of a specific window |
| 960 winwidth() get width of a specific window | |
| 13051 | 961 win_screenpos() get screen position of a window |
| 15068 | 962 winlayout() get layout of windows in a tab page |
| 824 | 963 winrestcmd() return command to restore window sizes |
| 964 winsaveview() get view of current window | |
| 965 winrestview() restore saved view of current window | |
| 966 | |
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967 Mappings and Menus: *mapping-functions* |
| 4159 | 968 hasmapto() check if a mapping exists |
| 969 mapcheck() check if a matching mapping exists | |
| 970 maparg() get rhs of a mapping | |
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971 mapset() restore a mapping |
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972 menu_info() get information about a menu item |
| 4159 | 973 wildmenumode() check if the wildmode is active |
| 974 | |
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975 Testing: *test-functions* |
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976 assert_equal() assert that two expressions values are equal |
| 15068 | 977 assert_equalfile() assert that two file contents are equal |
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978 assert_notequal() assert that two expressions values are not equal |
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979 assert_inrange() assert that an expression is inside a range |
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980 assert_match() assert that a pattern matches the value |
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981 assert_notmatch() assert that a pattern does not match the value |
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982 assert_false() assert that an expression is false |
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983 assert_true() assert that an expression is true |
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984 assert_exception() assert that a command throws an exception |
|
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985 assert_beeps() assert that a command beeps |
|
acd7eaa13d2b
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986 assert_fails() assert that a command fails |
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987 assert_report() report a test failure |
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988 test_alloc_fail() make memory allocation fail |
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989 test_autochdir() enable 'autochdir' during startup |
| 11160 | 990 test_override() test with Vim internal overrides |
| 991 test_garbagecollect_now() free memory right now | |
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992 test_garbagecollect_soon() set a flag to free memory soon |
| 16808 | 993 test_getvalue() get value of an internal variable |
| 11062 | 994 test_ignore_error() ignore a specific error message |
| 15729 | 995 test_null_blob() return a null Blob |
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996 test_null_channel() return a null Channel |
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997 test_null_dict() return a null Dict |
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998 test_null_function() return a null Funcref |
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999 test_null_job() return a null Job |
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1000 test_null_list() return a null List |
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1001 test_null_partial() return a null Partial function |
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1002 test_null_string() return a null String |
| 11062 | 1003 test_settime() set the time Vim uses internally |
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1004 test_setmouse() set the mouse position |
| 15068 | 1005 test_feedinput() add key sequence to input buffer |
| 1006 test_option_not_set() reset flag indicating option was set | |
| 1007 test_scrollbar() simulate scrollbar movement in the GUI | |
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1008 test_refcount() return an expression's reference count |
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1009 test_srand_seed() set the seed value for srand() |
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1010 test_unknown() return a value with unknown type |
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1011 test_void() return a value with void type |
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1012 |
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1013 Inter-process communication: *channel-functions* |
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1014 ch_canread() check if there is something to read |
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1015 ch_open() open a channel |
|
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1016 ch_close() close a channel |
|
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|
1017 ch_close_in() close the in part of a channel |
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1018 ch_read() read a message from a channel |
| 15512 | 1019 ch_readblob() read a Blob from a channel |
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1020 ch_readraw() read a raw message from a channel |
|
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1021 ch_sendexpr() send a JSON message over a channel |
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1022 ch_sendraw() send a raw message over a channel |
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1023 ch_evalexpr() evaluate an expression over channel |
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1024 ch_evalraw() evaluate a raw string over channel |
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1025 ch_status() get status of a channel |
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1026 ch_getbufnr() get the buffer number of a channel |
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1027 ch_getjob() get the job associated with a channel |
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1028 ch_info() get channel information |
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1029 ch_log() write a message in the channel log file |
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1030 ch_logfile() set the channel log file |
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1031 ch_setoptions() set the options for a channel |
|
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1032 json_encode() encode an expression to a JSON string |
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1033 json_decode() decode a JSON string to Vim types |
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1034 js_encode() encode an expression to a JSON string |
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1035 js_decode() decode a JSON string to Vim types |
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1036 |
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1037 Jobs: *job-functions* |
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1038 job_start() start a job |
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1039 job_stop() stop a job |
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1040 job_status() get the status of a job |
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1041 job_getchannel() get the channel used by a job |
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1042 job_info() get information about a job |
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1043 job_setoptions() set options for a job |
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1044 |
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1045 Signs: *sign-functions* |
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1046 sign_define() define or update a sign |
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1047 sign_getdefined() get a list of defined signs |
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1048 sign_getplaced() get a list of placed signs |
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1049 sign_jump() jump to a sign |
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1050 sign_place() place a sign |
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1051 sign_placelist() place a list of signs |
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1052 sign_undefine() undefine a sign |
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1053 sign_unplace() unplace a sign |
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1054 sign_unplacelist() unplace a list of signs |
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1055 |
| 12254 | 1056 Terminal window: *terminal-functions* |
| 1057 term_start() open a terminal window and run a job | |
| 1058 term_list() get the list of terminal buffers | |
| 1059 term_sendkeys() send keystrokes to a terminal | |
| 1060 term_wait() wait for screen to be updated | |
| 1061 term_getjob() get the job associated with a terminal | |
| 1062 term_scrape() get row of a terminal screen | |
| 1063 term_getline() get a line of text from a terminal | |
| 1064 term_getattr() get the value of attribute {what} | |
| 1065 term_getcursor() get the cursor position of a terminal | |
| 1066 term_getscrolled() get the scroll count of a terminal | |
| 1067 term_getaltscreen() get the alternate screen flag | |
| 1068 term_getsize() get the size of a terminal | |
| 1069 term_getstatus() get the status of a terminal | |
| 1070 term_gettitle() get the title of a terminal | |
| 1071 term_gettty() get the tty name of a terminal | |
| 13735 | 1072 term_setansicolors() set 16 ANSI colors, used for GUI |
| 1073 term_getansicolors() get 16 ANSI colors, used for GUI | |
| 15068 | 1074 term_dumpdiff() display difference between two screen dumps |
| 1075 term_dumpload() load a terminal screen dump in a window | |
| 1076 term_dumpwrite() dump contents of a terminal screen to a file | |
| 1077 term_setkill() set signal to stop job in a terminal | |
| 1078 term_setrestore() set command to restore a terminal | |
| 1079 term_setsize() set the size of a terminal | |
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1080 term_setapi() set terminal JSON API function name prefix |
| 12254 | 1081 |
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1082 Popup window: *popup-window-functions* |
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1083 popup_create() create popup centered in the screen |
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1084 popup_atcursor() create popup just above the cursor position, |
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1085 closes when the cursor moves away |
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1086 popup_beval() at the position indicated by v:beval_ |
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1087 variables, closes when the mouse moves away |
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1088 popup_notification() show a notification for three seconds |
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1089 popup_dialog() create popup centered with padding and border |
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1090 popup_menu() prompt for selecting an item from a list |
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1091 popup_hide() hide a popup temporarily |
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1092 popup_show() show a previously hidden popup |
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1093 popup_move() change the position and size of a popup |
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1094 popup_setoptions() override options of a popup |
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1095 popup_settext() replace the popup buffer contents |
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1096 popup_close() close one popup |
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1097 popup_clear() close all popups |
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1098 popup_filter_menu() select from a list of items |
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1099 popup_filter_yesno() block until 'y' or 'n' is pressed |
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1100 popup_getoptions() get current options for a popup |
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1101 popup_getpos() get actual position and size of a popup |
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1102 popup_findinfo() get window ID for popup info window |
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1103 popup_findpreview() get window ID for popup preview window |
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1104 popup_list() get list of all popup window IDs |
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1105 popup_locate() get popup window ID from its screen position |
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1106 |
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1107 Timers: *timer-functions* |
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1108 timer_start() create a timer |
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1109 timer_pause() pause or unpause a timer |
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1110 timer_stop() stop a timer |
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1111 timer_stopall() stop all timers |
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1112 timer_info() get information about timers |
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1113 |
| 15068 | 1114 Tags: *tag-functions* |
| 1115 taglist() get list of matching tags | |
| 1116 tagfiles() get a list of tags files | |
| 1117 gettagstack() get the tag stack of a window | |
| 1118 settagstack() modify the tag stack of a window | |
| 1119 | |
| 1120 Prompt Buffer: *promptbuffer-functions* | |
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1121 prompt_getprompt() get the effective prompt text for a buffer |
| 15068 | 1122 prompt_setcallback() set prompt callback for a buffer |
| 1123 prompt_setinterrupt() set interrupt callback for a buffer | |
| 1124 prompt_setprompt() set the prompt text for a buffer | |
| 1125 | |
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1126 Text Properties: *text-property-functions* |
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1127 prop_add() attach a property at a position |
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1128 prop_clear() remove all properties from a line or lines |
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1129 prop_find() search for a property |
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1130 prop_list() return a list of all properties in a line |
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1131 prop_remove() remove a property from a line |
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1132 prop_type_add() add/define a property type |
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1133 prop_type_change() change properties of a type |
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1134 prop_type_delete() remove a text property type |
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1135 prop_type_get() return the properties of a type |
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1136 prop_type_list() return a list of all property types |
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1137 |
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1138 Sound: *sound-functions* |
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1139 sound_clear() stop playing all sounds |
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1140 sound_playevent() play an event's sound |
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1141 sound_playfile() play a sound file |
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1142 sound_stop() stop playing a sound |
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1143 |
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1144 Various: *various-functions* |
| 7 | 1145 mode() get current editing mode |
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1146 state() get current busy state |
| 7 | 1147 visualmode() last visual mode used |
| 1148 exists() check if a variable, function, etc. exists | |
| 1149 has() check if a feature is supported in Vim | |
| 824 | 1150 changenr() return number of most recent change |
| 7 | 1151 cscope_connection() check if a cscope connection exists |
| 1152 did_filetype() check if a FileType autocommand was used | |
| 1153 eventhandler() check if invoked by an event handler | |
| 1620 | 1154 getpid() get process ID of Vim |
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1155 getimstatus() check if IME status is active |
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1156 interrupt() interrupt script execution |
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1157 windowsversion() get MS-Windows version |
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1158 terminalprops() properties of the terminal |
| 824 | 1159 |
| 7 | 1160 libcall() call a function in an external library |
| 1161 libcallnr() idem, returning a number | |
| 824 | 1162 |
| 5618 | 1163 undofile() get the name of the undo file |
| 1164 undotree() return the state of the undo tree | |
| 1165 | |
| 7 | 1166 getreg() get contents of a register |
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1167 getreginfo() get information about a register |
| 7 | 1168 getregtype() get type of a register |
| 1169 setreg() set contents and type of a register | |
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1170 reg_executing() return the name of the register being executed |
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1171 reg_recording() return the name of the register being recorded |
| 824 | 1172 |
| 5618 | 1173 shiftwidth() effective value of 'shiftwidth' |
| 1174 | |
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1175 wordcount() get byte/word/char count of buffer |
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1176 |
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1177 luaeval() evaluate |Lua| expression |
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1178 mzeval() evaluate |MzScheme| expression |
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1179 perleval() evaluate Perl expression (|+perl|) |
| 5618 | 1180 py3eval() evaluate Python expression (|+python3|) |
| 1181 pyeval() evaluate Python expression (|+python|) | |
| 10734 | 1182 pyxeval() evaluate |python_x| expression |
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1183 rubyeval() evaluate |Ruby| expression |
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1184 |
| 15194 | 1185 debugbreak() interrupt a program being debugged |
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1186 |
| 7 | 1187 ============================================================================== |
| 1188 *41.7* Defining a function | |
| 1189 | |
| 1190 Vim enables you to define your own functions. The basic function declaration | |
| 1191 begins as follows: > | |
| 1192 | |
| 1193 :function {name}({var1}, {var2}, ...) | |
| 1194 : {body} | |
| 1195 :endfunction | |
| 1196 < | |
| 1197 Note: | |
| 1198 Function names must begin with a capital letter. | |
| 1199 | |
| 1200 Let's define a short function to return the smaller of two numbers. It starts | |
| 1201 with this line: > | |
| 1202 | |
| 1203 :function Min(num1, num2) | |
| 1204 | |
| 1205 This tells Vim that the function is named "Min" and it takes two arguments: | |
| 1206 "num1" and "num2". | |
| 1207 The first thing you need to do is to check to see which number is smaller: | |
| 1208 > | |
| 1209 : if a:num1 < a:num2 | |
| 1210 | |
| 1211 The special prefix "a:" tells Vim that the variable is a function argument. | |
| 1212 Let's assign the variable "smaller" the value of the smallest number: > | |
| 1213 | |
| 1214 : if a:num1 < a:num2 | |
| 1215 : let smaller = a:num1 | |
| 1216 : else | |
| 1217 : let smaller = a:num2 | |
| 1218 : endif | |
| 1219 | |
| 1220 The variable "smaller" is a local variable. Variables used inside a function | |
| 1221 are local unless prefixed by something like "g:", "a:", or "s:". | |
| 1222 | |
| 1223 Note: | |
| 1224 To access a global variable from inside a function you must prepend | |
| 1620 | 1225 "g:" to it. Thus "g:today" inside a function is used for the global |
| 1226 variable "today", and "today" is another variable, local to the | |
| 7 | 1227 function. |
| 1228 | |
| 1229 You now use the ":return" statement to return the smallest number to the user. | |
| 1230 Finally, you end the function: > | |
| 1231 | |
| 1232 : return smaller | |
| 1233 :endfunction | |
| 1234 | |
| 1235 The complete function definition is as follows: > | |
| 1236 | |
| 1237 :function Min(num1, num2) | |
| 1238 : if a:num1 < a:num2 | |
| 1239 : let smaller = a:num1 | |
| 1240 : else | |
| 1241 : let smaller = a:num2 | |
| 1242 : endif | |
| 1243 : return smaller | |
| 1244 :endfunction | |
| 1245 | |
| 161 | 1246 For people who like short functions, this does the same thing: > |
| 1247 | |
| 1248 :function Min(num1, num2) | |
| 1249 : if a:num1 < a:num2 | |
| 1250 : return a:num1 | |
| 1251 : endif | |
| 1252 : return a:num2 | |
| 1253 :endfunction | |
| 1254 | |
| 681 | 1255 A user defined function is called in exactly the same way as a built-in |
| 7 | 1256 function. Only the name is different. The Min function can be used like |
| 1257 this: > | |
| 1258 | |
| 1259 :echo Min(5, 8) | |
| 1260 | |
| 1261 Only now will the function be executed and the lines be interpreted by Vim. | |
| 1262 If there are mistakes, like using an undefined variable or function, you will | |
| 1263 now get an error message. When defining the function these errors are not | |
| 1264 detected. | |
| 1265 | |
| 1266 When a function reaches ":endfunction" or ":return" is used without an | |
| 1267 argument, the function returns zero. | |
| 1268 | |
| 1269 To redefine a function that already exists, use the ! for the ":function" | |
| 1270 command: > | |
| 1271 | |
| 1272 :function! Min(num1, num2, num3) | |
| 1273 | |
| 1274 | |
| 1275 USING A RANGE | |
| 1276 | |
| 1277 The ":call" command can be given a line range. This can have one of two | |
| 1278 meanings. When a function has been defined with the "range" keyword, it will | |
| 1279 take care of the line range itself. | |
| 1280 The function will be passed the variables "a:firstline" and "a:lastline". | |
| 1281 These will have the line numbers from the range the function was called with. | |
| 1282 Example: > | |
| 1283 | |
| 1284 :function Count_words() range | |
| 1620 | 1285 : let lnum = a:firstline |
| 1286 : let n = 0 | |
| 1287 : while lnum <= a:lastline | |
| 1288 : let n = n + len(split(getline(lnum))) | |
| 1289 : let lnum = lnum + 1 | |
| 7 | 1290 : endwhile |
| 22171 | 1291 : echo "found " .. n .. " words" |
| 7 | 1292 :endfunction |
| 1293 | |
| 1294 You can call this function with: > | |
| 1295 | |
| 1296 :10,30call Count_words() | |
| 1297 | |
| 1298 It will be executed once and echo the number of words. | |
| 1299 The other way to use a line range is by defining a function without the | |
| 1300 "range" keyword. The function will be called once for every line in the | |
| 1301 range, with the cursor in that line. Example: > | |
| 1302 | |
| 1303 :function Number() | |
| 22171 | 1304 : echo "line " .. line(".") .. " contains: " .. getline(".") |
| 7 | 1305 :endfunction |
| 1306 | |
| 1307 If you call this function with: > | |
| 1308 | |
| 1309 :10,15call Number() | |
| 1310 | |
| 1311 The function will be called six times. | |
| 1312 | |
| 1313 | |
| 1314 VARIABLE NUMBER OF ARGUMENTS | |
| 1315 | |
| 1316 Vim enables you to define functions that have a variable number of arguments. | |
| 1317 The following command, for instance, defines a function that must have 1 | |
| 1318 argument (start) and can have up to 20 additional arguments: > | |
| 1319 | |
| 1320 :function Show(start, ...) | |
| 1321 | |
| 1322 The variable "a:1" contains the first optional argument, "a:2" the second, and | |
| 1323 so on. The variable "a:0" contains the number of extra arguments. | |
| 1324 For example: > | |
| 1325 | |
| 1326 :function Show(start, ...) | |
| 1327 : echohl Title | |
| 22171 | 1328 : echo "start is " .. a:start |
| 7 | 1329 : echohl None |
| 1330 : let index = 1 | |
| 1331 : while index <= a:0 | |
| 22171 | 1332 : echo " Arg " .. index .. " is " .. a:{index} |
| 7 | 1333 : let index = index + 1 |
| 1334 : endwhile | |
| 1335 : echo "" | |
| 1336 :endfunction | |
| 1337 | |
| 1338 This uses the ":echohl" command to specify the highlighting used for the | |
| 1339 following ":echo" command. ":echohl None" stops it again. The ":echon" | |
| 1340 command works like ":echo", but doesn't output a line break. | |
| 1341 | |
| 161 | 1342 You can also use the a:000 variable, it is a List of all the "..." arguments. |
| 1343 See |a:000|. | |
| 1344 | |
| 7 | 1345 |
| 1346 LISTING FUNCTIONS | |
| 1347 | |
| 1348 The ":function" command lists the names and arguments of all user-defined | |
| 1349 functions: > | |
| 1350 | |
| 1351 :function | |
| 1352 < function Show(start, ...) ~ | |
| 1353 function GetVimIndent() ~ | |
| 1354 function SetSyn(name) ~ | |
| 1355 | |
| 1356 To see what a function does, use its name as an argument for ":function": > | |
| 1357 | |
| 1358 :function SetSyn | |
| 1359 < 1 if &syntax == '' ~ | |
| 1360 2 let &syntax = a:name ~ | |
| 1361 3 endif ~ | |
| 1362 endfunction ~ | |
| 1363 | |
| 1364 | |
| 1365 DEBUGGING | |
| 1366 | |
| 1367 The line number is useful for when you get an error message or when debugging. | |
| 1368 See |debug-scripts| about debugging mode. | |
| 1369 You can also set the 'verbose' option to 12 or higher to see all function | |
| 1370 calls. Set it to 15 or higher to see every executed line. | |
| 1371 | |
| 1372 | |
| 1373 DELETING A FUNCTION | |
| 1374 | |
| 1375 To delete the Show() function: > | |
| 1376 | |
| 1377 :delfunction Show | |
| 1378 | |
| 1379 You get an error when the function doesn't exist. | |
| 1380 | |
| 161 | 1381 |
| 1382 FUNCTION REFERENCES | |
| 1383 | |
| 1384 Sometimes it can be useful to have a variable point to one function or | |
| 1385 another. You can do it with the function() function. It turns the name of a | |
| 1386 function into a reference: > | |
| 1387 | |
| 1388 :let result = 0 " or 1 | |
| 1389 :function! Right() | |
| 1390 : return 'Right!' | |
| 1391 :endfunc | |
| 1392 :function! Wrong() | |
| 1393 : return 'Wrong!' | |
| 1394 :endfunc | |
| 1395 : | |
| 1396 :if result == 1 | |
| 1397 : let Afunc = function('Right') | |
| 1398 :else | |
| 1399 : let Afunc = function('Wrong') | |
| 1400 :endif | |
| 1401 :echo call(Afunc, []) | |
| 1402 < Wrong! ~ | |
| 1403 | |
| 1404 Note that the name of a variable that holds a function reference must start | |
| 1405 with a capital. Otherwise it could be confused with the name of a builtin | |
| 1406 function. | |
| 1407 The way to invoke a function that a variable refers to is with the call() | |
| 1408 function. Its first argument is the function reference, the second argument | |
| 1409 is a List with arguments. | |
| 1410 | |
| 1411 Function references are most useful in combination with a Dictionary, as is | |
| 1412 explained in the next section. | |
| 1413 | |
| 7 | 1414 ============================================================================== |
| 161 | 1415 *41.8* Lists and Dictionaries |
| 1416 | |
| 1417 So far we have used the basic types String and Number. Vim also supports two | |
| 1418 composite types: List and Dictionary. | |
| 1419 | |
| 1420 A List is an ordered sequence of things. The things can be any kind of value, | |
| 1421 thus you can make a List of numbers, a List of Lists and even a List of mixed | |
| 1422 items. To create a List with three strings: > | |
| 1423 | |
| 856 | 1424 :let alist = ['aap', 'mies', 'noot'] |
| 161 | 1425 |
| 1426 The List items are enclosed in square brackets and separated by commas. To | |
| 1427 create an empty List: > | |
| 1428 | |
| 856 | 1429 :let alist = [] |
| 161 | 1430 |
| 1431 You can add items to a List with the add() function: > | |
| 1432 | |
| 856 | 1433 :let alist = [] |
| 161 | 1434 :call add(alist, 'foo') |
| 1435 :call add(alist, 'bar') | |
| 1436 :echo alist | |
| 1437 < ['foo', 'bar'] ~ | |
| 1438 | |
| 1439 List concatenation is done with +: > | |
| 1440 | |
| 1441 :echo alist + ['foo', 'bar'] | |
| 1442 < ['foo', 'bar', 'foo', 'bar'] ~ | |
| 1443 | |
| 1444 Or, if you want to extend a List directly: > | |
| 1445 | |
| 856 | 1446 :let alist = ['one'] |
| 161 | 1447 :call extend(alist, ['two', 'three']) |
| 1448 :echo alist | |
| 1449 < ['one', 'two', 'three'] ~ | |
| 1450 | |
| 1451 Notice that using add() will have a different effect: > | |
| 1452 | |
| 856 | 1453 :let alist = ['one'] |
| 161 | 1454 :call add(alist, ['two', 'three']) |
| 1455 :echo alist | |
| 1456 < ['one', ['two', 'three']] ~ | |
| 1457 | |
| 1458 The second argument of add() is added as a single item. | |
| 1459 | |
| 1460 | |
| 1461 FOR LOOP | |
| 1462 | |
| 1463 One of the nice things you can do with a List is iterate over it: > | |
| 1464 | |
| 1465 :let alist = ['one', 'two', 'three'] | |
| 1466 :for n in alist | |
| 1467 : echo n | |
| 1468 :endfor | |
| 1469 < one ~ | |
| 1470 two ~ | |
| 1471 three ~ | |
| 1472 | |
| 1473 This will loop over each element in List "alist", assigning the value to | |
| 1474 variable "n". The generic form of a for loop is: > | |
| 1475 | |
| 1476 :for {varname} in {listexpression} | |
| 1477 : {commands} | |
| 1478 :endfor | |
| 1479 | |
| 1480 To loop a certain number of times you need a List of a specific length. The | |
| 1481 range() function creates one for you: > | |
| 1482 | |
| 1483 :for a in range(3) | |
| 1484 : echo a | |
| 1485 :endfor | |
| 1486 < 0 ~ | |
| 1487 1 ~ | |
| 1488 2 ~ | |
| 1489 | |
| 1490 Notice that the first item of the List that range() produces is zero, thus the | |
| 1491 last item is one less than the length of the list. | |
| 1492 You can also specify the maximum value, the stride and even go backwards: > | |
| 1493 | |
| 1494 :for a in range(8, 4, -2) | |
| 1495 : echo a | |
| 1496 :endfor | |
| 1497 < 8 ~ | |
| 1498 6 ~ | |
| 1499 4 ~ | |
| 1500 | |
| 1501 A more useful example, looping over lines in the buffer: > | |
| 1502 | |
| 856 | 1503 :for line in getline(1, 20) |
| 1504 : if line =~ "Date: " | |
| 1505 : echo matchstr(line, 'Date: \zs.*') | |
| 1506 : endif | |
| 1507 :endfor | |
| 161 | 1508 |
| 1509 This looks into lines 1 to 20 (inclusive) and echoes any date found in there. | |
| 1510 | |
| 1511 | |
| 1512 DICTIONARIES | |
| 1513 | |
| 1514 A Dictionary stores key-value pairs. You can quickly lookup a value if you | |
| 1515 know the key. A Dictionary is created with curly braces: > | |
| 856 | 1516 |
| 161 | 1517 :let uk2nl = {'one': 'een', 'two': 'twee', 'three': 'drie'} |
| 1518 | |
| 164 | 1519 Now you can lookup words by putting the key in square brackets: > |
| 161 | 1520 |
| 1521 :echo uk2nl['two'] | |
| 1522 < twee ~ | |
| 1523 | |
| 1524 The generic form for defining a Dictionary is: > | |
| 1525 | |
| 1526 {<key> : <value>, ...} | |
| 1527 | |
| 1528 An empty Dictionary is one without any keys: > | |
| 1529 | |
| 1530 {} | |
| 1531 | |
| 1532 The possibilities with Dictionaries are numerous. There are various functions | |
| 1533 for them as well. For example, you can obtain a list of the keys and loop | |
| 1534 over them: > | |
| 1535 | |
| 1536 :for key in keys(uk2nl) | |
| 1537 : echo key | |
| 1538 :endfor | |
| 1539 < three ~ | |
| 1540 one ~ | |
| 1541 two ~ | |
| 1542 | |
| 1620 | 1543 You will notice the keys are not ordered. You can sort the list to get a |
| 161 | 1544 specific order: > |
| 1545 | |
| 1546 :for key in sort(keys(uk2nl)) | |
| 1547 : echo key | |
| 1548 :endfor | |
| 1549 < one ~ | |
| 1550 three ~ | |
| 1551 two ~ | |
| 1552 | |
| 1553 But you can never get back the order in which items are defined. For that you | |
| 1554 need to use a List, it stores items in an ordered sequence. | |
| 1555 | |
| 1556 | |
| 1557 DICTIONARY FUNCTIONS | |
| 1558 | |
| 1559 The items in a Dictionary can normally be obtained with an index in square | |
| 1560 brackets: > | |
| 1561 | |
| 1562 :echo uk2nl['one'] | |
| 1563 < een ~ | |
| 1564 | |
| 1565 A method that does the same, but without so many punctuation characters: > | |
| 1566 | |
| 1567 :echo uk2nl.one | |
| 1568 < een ~ | |
| 1569 | |
| 1570 This only works for a key that is made of ASCII letters, digits and the | |
| 1571 underscore. You can also assign a new value this way: > | |
| 1572 | |
| 1573 :let uk2nl.four = 'vier' | |
| 1574 :echo uk2nl | |
| 1575 < {'three': 'drie', 'four': 'vier', 'one': 'een', 'two': 'twee'} ~ | |
| 1576 | |
| 1577 And now for something special: you can directly define a function and store a | |
| 1578 reference to it in the dictionary: > | |
| 1579 | |
| 1580 :function uk2nl.translate(line) dict | |
| 1581 : return join(map(split(a:line), 'get(self, v:val, "???")')) | |
| 1582 :endfunction | |
| 1583 | |
| 1584 Let's first try it out: > | |
| 1585 | |
| 1586 :echo uk2nl.translate('three two five one') | |
| 1587 < drie twee ??? een ~ | |
| 1588 | |
| 1589 The first special thing you notice is the "dict" at the end of the ":function" | |
| 1590 line. This marks the function as being used from a Dictionary. The "self" | |
| 1591 local variable will then refer to that Dictionary. | |
| 1592 Now let's break up the complicated return command: > | |
| 1593 | |
| 1594 split(a:line) | |
| 1595 | |
| 2709 | 1596 The split() function takes a string, chops it into whitespace separated words |
| 161 | 1597 and returns a list with these words. Thus in the example it returns: > |
| 1598 | |
| 1599 :echo split('three two five one') | |
| 1600 < ['three', 'two', 'five', 'one'] ~ | |
| 1601 | |
| 1602 This list is the first argument to the map() function. This will go through | |
| 1603 the list, evaluating its second argument with "v:val" set to the value of each | |
| 1604 item. This is a shortcut to using a for loop. This command: > | |
| 1605 | |
| 1606 :let alist = map(split(a:line), 'get(self, v:val, "???")') | |
| 1607 | |
| 1608 Is equivalent to: > | |
| 1609 | |
| 1610 :let alist = split(a:line) | |
| 1611 :for idx in range(len(alist)) | |
| 1612 : let alist[idx] = get(self, alist[idx], "???") | |
| 1613 :endfor | |
| 1614 | |
| 1615 The get() function checks if a key is present in a Dictionary. If it is, then | |
| 1616 the value is retrieved. If it isn't, then the default value is returned, in | |
| 164 | 1617 the example it's '???'. This is a convenient way to handle situations where a |
| 161 | 1618 key may not be present and you don't want an error message. |
| 1619 | |
| 1620 The join() function does the opposite of split(): it joins together a list of | |
| 1621 words, putting a space in between. | |
| 1622 This combination of split(), map() and join() is a nice way to filter a line | |
| 1623 of words in a very compact way. | |
| 1624 | |
| 1625 | |
| 1626 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING | |
| 1627 | |
| 1628 Now that you can put both values and functions in a Dictionary, you can | |
| 1629 actually use a Dictionary like an object. | |
| 1630 Above we used a Dictionary for translating Dutch to English. We might want | |
| 1631 to do the same for other languages. Let's first make an object (aka | |
| 1632 Dictionary) that has the translate function, but no words to translate: > | |
| 1633 | |
| 1634 :let transdict = {} | |
| 1635 :function transdict.translate(line) dict | |
| 1636 : return join(map(split(a:line), 'get(self.words, v:val, "???")')) | |
| 1637 :endfunction | |
| 1638 | |
| 1639 It's slightly different from the function above, using 'self.words' to lookup | |
| 1640 word translations. But we don't have a self.words. Thus you could call this | |
| 1641 an abstract class. | |
| 1642 | |
| 1643 Now we can instantiate a Dutch translation object: > | |
| 1644 | |
| 1645 :let uk2nl = copy(transdict) | |
| 1646 :let uk2nl.words = {'one': 'een', 'two': 'twee', 'three': 'drie'} | |
| 1647 :echo uk2nl.translate('three one') | |
| 1648 < drie een ~ | |
| 1649 | |
| 1650 And a German translator: > | |
| 1651 | |
| 1652 :let uk2de = copy(transdict) | |
|
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1653 :let uk2de.words = {'one': 'eins', 'two': 'zwei', 'three': 'drei'} |
| 161 | 1654 :echo uk2de.translate('three one') |
|
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1655 < drei eins ~ |
| 161 | 1656 |
| 1657 You see that the copy() function is used to make a copy of the "transdict" | |
| 1658 Dictionary and then the copy is changed to add the words. The original | |
| 1659 remains the same, of course. | |
| 1660 | |
| 1661 Now you can go one step further, and use your preferred translator: > | |
| 1662 | |
| 1663 :if $LANG =~ "de" | |
| 1664 : let trans = uk2de | |
| 1665 :else | |
| 1666 : let trans = uk2nl | |
| 1667 :endif | |
| 1668 :echo trans.translate('one two three') | |
| 1669 < een twee drie ~ | |
| 1670 | |
| 1671 Here "trans" refers to one of the two objects (Dictionaries). No copy is | |
| 1672 made. More about List and Dictionary identity can be found at |list-identity| | |
| 1673 and |dict-identity|. | |
| 1674 | |
| 1675 Now you might use a language that isn't supported. You can overrule the | |
| 1676 translate() function to do nothing: > | |
| 1677 | |
| 1678 :let uk2uk = copy(transdict) | |
| 1679 :function! uk2uk.translate(line) | |
| 1680 : return a:line | |
| 1681 :endfunction | |
| 1682 :echo uk2uk.translate('three one wladiwostok') | |
| 1683 < three one wladiwostok ~ | |
| 1684 | |
| 1685 Notice that a ! was used to overwrite the existing function reference. Now | |
| 1686 use "uk2uk" when no recognized language is found: > | |
| 1687 | |
| 1688 :if $LANG =~ "de" | |
| 1689 : let trans = uk2de | |
| 1690 :elseif $LANG =~ "nl" | |
| 1691 : let trans = uk2nl | |
| 1692 :else | |
| 1693 : let trans = uk2uk | |
| 1694 :endif | |
| 1695 :echo trans.translate('one two three') | |
| 1696 < one two three ~ | |
| 1697 | |
| 1698 For further reading see |Lists| and |Dictionaries|. | |
| 1699 | |
| 1700 ============================================================================== | |
| 1701 *41.9* Exceptions | |
| 7 | 1702 |
| 1703 Let's start with an example: > | |
| 1704 | |
| 1705 :try | |
| 1706 : read ~/templates/pascal.tmpl | |
| 1707 :catch /E484:/ | |
| 1708 : echo "Sorry, the Pascal template file cannot be found." | |
| 1709 :endtry | |
| 1710 | |
| 1711 The ":read" command will fail if the file does not exist. Instead of | |
| 1712 generating an error message, this code catches the error and gives the user a | |
| 2709 | 1713 nice message. |
| 7 | 1714 |
| 1715 For the commands in between ":try" and ":endtry" errors are turned into | |
| 1716 exceptions. An exception is a string. In the case of an error the string | |
| 1717 contains the error message. And every error message has a number. In this | |
| 1718 case, the error we catch contains "E484:". This number is guaranteed to stay | |
| 1719 the same (the text may change, e.g., it may be translated). | |
| 1720 | |
| 1721 When the ":read" command causes another error, the pattern "E484:" will not | |
| 1722 match in it. Thus this exception will not be caught and result in the usual | |
| 1723 error message. | |
| 1724 | |
| 1725 You might be tempted to do this: > | |
| 1726 | |
| 1727 :try | |
| 1728 : read ~/templates/pascal.tmpl | |
| 1729 :catch | |
| 1730 : echo "Sorry, the Pascal template file cannot be found." | |
| 1731 :endtry | |
| 1732 | |
| 1733 This means all errors are caught. But then you will not see errors that are | |
| 1734 useful, such as "E21: Cannot make changes, 'modifiable' is off". | |
| 1735 | |
| 1736 Another useful mechanism is the ":finally" command: > | |
| 1737 | |
| 1738 :let tmp = tempname() | |
| 1739 :try | |
| 22171 | 1740 : exe ".,$write " .. tmp |
| 1741 : exe "!filter " .. tmp | |
| 7 | 1742 : .,$delete |
| 22171 | 1743 : exe "$read " .. tmp |
| 7 | 1744 :finally |
| 1745 : call delete(tmp) | |
| 1746 :endtry | |
| 1747 | |
| 1748 This filters the lines from the cursor until the end of the file through the | |
| 1749 "filter" command, which takes a file name argument. No matter if the | |
| 1750 filtering works, something goes wrong in between ":try" and ":finally" or the | |
| 1751 user cancels the filtering by pressing CTRL-C, the "call delete(tmp)" is | |
| 1752 always executed. This makes sure you don't leave the temporary file behind. | |
| 1753 | |
| 1754 More information about exception handling can be found in the reference | |
| 1755 manual: |exception-handling|. | |
| 1756 | |
| 1757 ============================================================================== | |
| 161 | 1758 *41.10* Various remarks |
| 7 | 1759 |
| 1760 Here is a summary of items that apply to Vim scripts. They are also mentioned | |
| 1761 elsewhere, but form a nice checklist. | |
| 1762 | |
| 1763 The end-of-line character depends on the system. For Unix a single <NL> | |
|
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1765 important when using mappings that end in a <CR>. See |:source_crnl|. |
| 7 | 1766 |
| 1767 | |
| 1768 WHITE SPACE | |
| 1769 | |
| 1770 Blank lines are allowed and ignored. | |
| 1771 | |
| 1772 Leading whitespace characters (blanks and TABs) are always ignored. The | |
| 11062 | 1773 whitespaces between parameters (e.g. between the "set" and the "cpoptions" in |
| 7 | 1774 the example below) are reduced to one blank character and plays the role of a |
| 1775 separator, the whitespaces after the last (visible) character may or may not | |
| 1776 be ignored depending on the situation, see below. | |
| 1777 | |
| 1778 For a ":set" command involving the "=" (equal) sign, such as in: > | |
| 1779 | |
| 1780 :set cpoptions =aABceFst | |
| 1781 | |
| 1782 the whitespace immediately before the "=" sign is ignored. But there can be | |
| 1783 no whitespace after the "=" sign! | |
| 1784 | |
| 1785 To include a whitespace character in the value of an option, it must be | |
| 1786 escaped by a "\" (backslash) as in the following example: > | |
| 1787 | |
| 1788 :set tags=my\ nice\ file | |
| 1789 | |
| 2709 | 1790 The same example written as: > |
| 7 | 1791 |
| 1792 :set tags=my nice file | |
| 1793 | |
| 1794 will issue an error, because it is interpreted as: > | |
| 1795 | |
| 1796 :set tags=my | |
| 1797 :set nice | |
| 1798 :set file | |
| 1799 | |
| 1800 | |
| 1801 COMMENTS | |
| 1802 | |
| 1803 The character " (the double quote mark) starts a comment. Everything after | |
| 1804 and including this character until the end-of-line is considered a comment and | |
| 1805 is ignored, except for commands that don't consider comments, as shown in | |
| 1806 examples below. A comment can start on any character position on the line. | |
| 1807 | |
| 1808 There is a little "catch" with comments for some commands. Examples: > | |
| 1809 | |
| 1810 :abbrev dev development " shorthand | |
| 1811 :map <F3> o#include " insert include | |
| 1812 :execute cmd " do it | |
| 1813 :!ls *.c " list C files | |
| 1814 | |
| 1815 The abbreviation 'dev' will be expanded to 'development " shorthand'. The | |
| 1816 mapping of <F3> will actually be the whole line after the 'o# ....' including | |
| 1817 the '" insert include'. The "execute" command will give an error. The "!" | |
| 1818 command will send everything after it to the shell, causing an error for an | |
| 1819 unmatched '"' character. | |
| 1820 There can be no comment after ":map", ":abbreviate", ":execute" and "!" | |
| 1821 commands (there are a few more commands with this restriction). For the | |
| 1822 ":map", ":abbreviate" and ":execute" commands there is a trick: > | |
| 1823 | |
| 1824 :abbrev dev development|" shorthand | |
| 1825 :map <F3> o#include|" insert include | |
| 1826 :execute cmd |" do it | |
| 1827 | |
| 1828 With the '|' character the command is separated from the next one. And that | |
| 1146 | 1829 next command is only a comment. For the last command you need to do two |
| 1830 things: |:execute| and use '|': > | |
| 1831 :exe '!ls *.c' |" list C files | |
| 7 | 1832 |
| 1833 Notice that there is no white space before the '|' in the abbreviation and | |
| 1834 mapping. For these commands, any character until the end-of-line or '|' is | |
| 1835 included. As a consequence of this behavior, you don't always see that | |
| 1836 trailing whitespace is included: > | |
| 1837 | |
| 1838 :map <F4> o#include | |
| 1839 | |
| 1146 | 1840 To spot these problems, you can set the 'list' option when editing vimrc |
| 7 | 1841 files. |
| 1842 | |
| 1146 | 1843 For Unix there is one special way to comment a line, that allows making a Vim |
| 1844 script executable: > | |
| 1845 #!/usr/bin/env vim -S | |
| 1846 echo "this is a Vim script" | |
| 1847 quit | |
| 1848 | |
| 1849 The "#" command by itself lists a line with the line number. Adding an | |
| 1850 exclamation mark changes it into doing nothing, so that you can add the shell | |
| 1851 command to execute the rest of the file. |:#!| |-S| | |
| 1852 | |
| 7 | 1853 |
| 1854 PITFALLS | |
| 1855 | |
| 1856 Even bigger problem arises in the following example: > | |
| 1857 | |
| 1858 :map ,ab o#include | |
| 1859 :unmap ,ab | |
| 1860 | |
| 1861 Here the unmap command will not work, because it tries to unmap ",ab ". This | |
| 1862 does not exist as a mapped sequence. An error will be issued, which is very | |
| 1863 hard to identify, because the ending whitespace character in ":unmap ,ab " is | |
| 1864 not visible. | |
| 1865 | |
| 1866 And this is the same as what happens when one uses a comment after an 'unmap' | |
| 1867 command: > | |
| 1868 | |
| 1869 :unmap ,ab " comment | |
| 1870 | |
| 1871 Here the comment part will be ignored. However, Vim will try to unmap | |
| 1872 ',ab ', which does not exist. Rewrite it as: > | |
| 1873 | |
| 1874 :unmap ,ab| " comment | |
| 1875 | |
| 1876 | |
| 1877 RESTORING THE VIEW | |
| 1878 | |
| 3893 | 1879 Sometimes you want to make a change and go back to where the cursor was. |
| 7 | 1880 Restoring the relative position would also be nice, so that the same line |
| 1881 appears at the top of the window. | |
| 1882 This example yanks the current line, puts it above the first line in the | |
| 1883 file and then restores the view: > | |
| 1884 | |
| 1885 map ,p ma"aYHmbgg"aP`bzt`a | |
| 1886 | |
| 1887 What this does: > | |
| 1888 ma"aYHmbgg"aP`bzt`a | |
| 1889 < ma set mark a at cursor position | |
| 1890 "aY yank current line into register a | |
| 1891 Hmb go to top line in window and set mark b there | |
| 1892 gg go to first line in file | |
| 1893 "aP put the yanked line above it | |
| 1894 `b go back to top line in display | |
| 1895 zt position the text in the window as before | |
| 1896 `a go back to saved cursor position | |
| 1897 | |
| 1898 | |
| 1899 PACKAGING | |
| 1900 | |
| 1901 To avoid your function names to interfere with functions that you get from | |
| 1902 others, use this scheme: | |
| 1903 - Prepend a unique string before each function name. I often use an | |
| 1904 abbreviation. For example, "OW_" is used for the option window functions. | |
| 1905 - Put the definition of your functions together in a file. Set a global | |
| 1906 variable to indicate that the functions have been loaded. When sourcing the | |
| 1907 file again, first unload the functions. | |
| 1908 Example: > | |
| 1909 | |
| 1910 " This is the XXX package | |
| 1911 | |
| 1912 if exists("XXX_loaded") | |
| 1913 delfun XXX_one | |
| 1914 delfun XXX_two | |
| 1915 endif | |
| 1916 | |
| 1917 function XXX_one(a) | |
| 1918 ... body of function ... | |
| 1919 endfun | |
| 1920 | |
| 1921 function XXX_two(b) | |
| 1922 ... body of function ... | |
| 1923 endfun | |
| 1924 | |
| 1925 let XXX_loaded = 1 | |
| 1926 | |
| 1927 ============================================================================== | |
| 161 | 1928 *41.11* Writing a plugin *write-plugin* |
| 7 | 1929 |
| 1930 You can write a Vim script in such a way that many people can use it. This is | |
| 1931 called a plugin. Vim users can drop your script in their plugin directory and | |
| 1932 use its features right away |add-plugin|. | |
| 1933 | |
| 1934 There are actually two types of plugins: | |
| 1935 | |
| 1936 global plugins: For all types of files. | |
| 1937 filetype plugins: Only for files of a specific type. | |
| 1938 | |
| 1939 In this section the first type is explained. Most items are also relevant for | |
| 1940 writing filetype plugins. The specifics for filetype plugins are in the next | |
| 1941 section |write-filetype-plugin|. | |
| 1942 | |
| 1943 | |
| 1944 NAME | |
| 1945 | |
| 1946 First of all you must choose a name for your plugin. The features provided | |
| 1947 by the plugin should be clear from its name. And it should be unlikely that | |
| 1948 someone else writes a plugin with the same name but which does something | |
| 1949 different. And please limit the name to 8 characters, to avoid problems on | |
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1950 old MS-Windows systems. |
| 7 | 1951 |
| 1952 A script that corrects typing mistakes could be called "typecorr.vim". We | |
| 1953 will use it here as an example. | |
| 1954 | |
| 1955 For the plugin to work for everybody, it should follow a few guidelines. This | |
| 1956 will be explained step-by-step. The complete example plugin is at the end. | |
| 1957 | |
| 1958 | |
| 1959 BODY | |
| 1960 | |
| 1961 Let's start with the body of the plugin, the lines that do the actual work: > | |
| 1962 | |
| 1963 14 iabbrev teh the | |
| 1964 15 iabbrev otehr other | |
| 1965 16 iabbrev wnat want | |
| 1966 17 iabbrev synchronisation | |
| 1967 18 \ synchronization | |
| 1968 19 let s:count = 4 | |
| 1969 | |
| 1970 The actual list should be much longer, of course. | |
| 1971 | |
| 1972 The line numbers have only been added to explain a few things, don't put them | |
| 1973 in your plugin file! | |
| 1974 | |
| 1975 | |
| 1976 HEADER | |
| 1977 | |
| 1978 You will probably add new corrections to the plugin and soon have several | |
| 3830 | 1979 versions lying around. And when distributing this file, people will want to |
| 7 | 1980 know who wrote this wonderful plugin and where they can send remarks. |
| 1981 Therefore, put a header at the top of your plugin: > | |
| 1982 | |
| 1983 1 " Vim global plugin for correcting typing mistakes | |
| 1984 2 " Last Change: 2000 Oct 15 | |
| 1985 3 " Maintainer: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> | |
| 1986 | |
| 1987 About copyright and licensing: Since plugins are very useful and it's hardly | |
| 1988 worth restricting their distribution, please consider making your plugin | |
| 1989 either public domain or use the Vim |license|. A short note about this near | |
| 1990 the top of the plugin should be sufficient. Example: > | |
| 1991 | |
| 1992 4 " License: This file is placed in the public domain. | |
| 1993 | |
| 1994 | |
| 1995 LINE CONTINUATION, AVOIDING SIDE EFFECTS *use-cpo-save* | |
| 1996 | |
| 1997 In line 18 above, the line-continuation mechanism is used |line-continuation|. | |
| 1998 Users with 'compatible' set will run into trouble here, they will get an error | |
| 1999 message. We can't just reset 'compatible', because that has a lot of side | |
| 2000 effects. To avoid this, we will set the 'cpoptions' option to its Vim default | |
| 2001 value and restore it later. That will allow the use of line-continuation and | |
| 2002 make the script work for most people. It is done like this: > | |
| 2003 | |
| 2004 11 let s:save_cpo = &cpo | |
| 2005 12 set cpo&vim | |
| 2006 .. | |
| 2007 42 let &cpo = s:save_cpo | |
| 3445 | 2008 43 unlet s:save_cpo |
| 7 | 2009 |
| 2010 We first store the old value of 'cpoptions' in the s:save_cpo variable. At | |
| 2011 the end of the plugin this value is restored. | |
| 2012 | |
| 2013 Notice that a script-local variable is used |s:var|. A global variable could | |
| 2014 already be in use for something else. Always use script-local variables for | |
| 2015 things that are only used in the script. | |
| 2016 | |
| 2017 | |
| 2018 NOT LOADING | |
| 2019 | |
| 2020 It's possible that a user doesn't always want to load this plugin. Or the | |
| 2021 system administrator has dropped it in the system-wide plugin directory, but a | |
| 2022 user has his own plugin he wants to use. Then the user must have a chance to | |
| 2023 disable loading this specific plugin. This will make it possible: > | |
| 2024 | |
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2025 6 if exists("g:loaded_typecorr") |
| 7 | 2026 7 finish |
| 2027 8 endif | |
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2028 9 let g:loaded_typecorr = 1 |
| 7 | 2029 |
| 2030 This also avoids that when the script is loaded twice it would cause error | |
| 2031 messages for redefining functions and cause trouble for autocommands that are | |
| 2032 added twice. | |
| 2033 | |
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2034 The name is recommended to start with "loaded_" and then the file name of the |
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2035 plugin, literally. The "g:" is prepended just to avoid mistakes when using |
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2036 the variable in a function (without "g:" it would be a variable local to the |
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2037 function). |
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2038 |
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2039 Using "finish" stops Vim from reading the rest of the file, it's much quicker |
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2040 than using if-endif around the whole file. |
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2041 |
| 7 | 2042 |
| 2043 MAPPING | |
| 2044 | |
| 2045 Now let's make the plugin more interesting: We will add a mapping that adds a | |
| 2046 correction for the word under the cursor. We could just pick a key sequence | |
| 2047 for this mapping, but the user might already use it for something else. To | |
| 2048 allow the user to define which keys a mapping in a plugin uses, the <Leader> | |
| 2049 item can be used: > | |
| 2050 | |
| 21825 | 2051 22 map <unique> <Leader>a <Plug>TypecorrAdd; |
| 2052 | |
| 2053 The "<Plug>TypecorrAdd;" thing will do the work, more about that further on. | |
| 7 | 2054 |
| 2055 The user can set the "mapleader" variable to the key sequence that he wants | |
| 2056 this mapping to start with. Thus if the user has done: > | |
| 2057 | |
| 2058 let mapleader = "_" | |
| 2059 | |
| 2060 the mapping will define "_a". If the user didn't do this, the default value | |
| 2061 will be used, which is a backslash. Then a map for "\a" will be defined. | |
| 2062 | |
| 2063 Note that <unique> is used, this will cause an error message if the mapping | |
| 2064 already happened to exist. |:map-<unique>| | |
| 2065 | |
| 2066 But what if the user wants to define his own key sequence? We can allow that | |
| 2067 with this mechanism: > | |
| 2068 | |
| 21825 | 2069 21 if !hasmapto('<Plug>TypecorrAdd;') |
| 2070 22 map <unique> <Leader>a <Plug>TypecorrAdd; | |
| 7 | 2071 23 endif |
| 2072 | |
| 21991 | 2073 This checks if a mapping to "<Plug>TypecorrAdd;" already exists, and only |
| 7 | 2074 defines the mapping from "<Leader>a" if it doesn't. The user then has a |
| 2075 chance of putting this in his vimrc file: > | |
| 2076 | |
| 21825 | 2077 map ,c <Plug>TypecorrAdd; |
| 7 | 2078 |
| 2079 Then the mapped key sequence will be ",c" instead of "_a" or "\a". | |
| 2080 | |
| 2081 | |
| 2082 PIECES | |
| 2083 | |
| 2084 If a script gets longer, you often want to break up the work in pieces. You | |
| 2085 can use functions or mappings for this. But you don't want these functions | |
| 2086 and mappings to interfere with the ones from other scripts. For example, you | |
| 2087 could define a function Add(), but another script could try to define the same | |
| 2088 function. To avoid this, we define the function local to the script by | |
| 2089 prepending it with "s:". | |
| 2090 | |
| 2091 We will define a function that adds a new typing correction: > | |
| 2092 | |
| 2093 30 function s:Add(from, correct) | |
| 22171 | 2094 31 let to = input("type the correction for " .. a:from .. ": ") |
| 2095 32 exe ":iabbrev " .. a:from .. " " .. to | |
| 7 | 2096 .. |
| 2097 36 endfunction | |
| 2098 | |
| 2099 Now we can call the function s:Add() from within this script. If another | |
| 2100 script also defines s:Add(), it will be local to that script and can only | |
| 2101 be called from the script it was defined in. There can also be a global Add() | |
| 2102 function (without the "s:"), which is again another function. | |
| 2103 | |
| 2104 <SID> can be used with mappings. It generates a script ID, which identifies | |
| 2105 the current script. In our typing correction plugin we use it like this: > | |
| 2106 | |
| 21825 | 2107 24 noremap <unique> <script> <Plug>TypecorrAdd; <SID>Add |
| 7 | 2108 .. |
| 2109 28 noremap <SID>Add :call <SID>Add(expand("<cword>"), 1)<CR> | |
| 2110 | |
| 2111 Thus when a user types "\a", this sequence is invoked: > | |
| 2112 | |
| 21825 | 2113 \a -> <Plug>TypecorrAdd; -> <SID>Add -> :call <SID>Add() |
| 2114 | |
| 2115 If another script also maps <SID>Add, it will get another script ID and | |
| 7 | 2116 thus define another mapping. |
| 2117 | |
| 2118 Note that instead of s:Add() we use <SID>Add() here. That is because the | |
| 2119 mapping is typed by the user, thus outside of the script. The <SID> is | |
| 2120 translated to the script ID, so that Vim knows in which script to look for | |
| 2121 the Add() function. | |
| 2122 | |
| 2123 This is a bit complicated, but it's required for the plugin to work together | |
| 2124 with other plugins. The basic rule is that you use <SID>Add() in mappings and | |
| 2125 s:Add() in other places (the script itself, autocommands, user commands). | |
| 2126 | |
| 2127 We can also add a menu entry to do the same as the mapping: > | |
| 2128 | |
| 2129 26 noremenu <script> Plugin.Add\ Correction <SID>Add | |
| 2130 | |
| 2131 The "Plugin" menu is recommended for adding menu items for plugins. In this | |
| 2132 case only one item is used. When adding more items, creating a submenu is | |
| 2133 recommended. For example, "Plugin.CVS" could be used for a plugin that offers | |
| 2134 CVS operations "Plugin.CVS.checkin", "Plugin.CVS.checkout", etc. | |
| 2135 | |
| 2136 Note that in line 28 ":noremap" is used to avoid that any other mappings cause | |
| 2137 trouble. Someone may have remapped ":call", for example. In line 24 we also | |
| 2138 use ":noremap", but we do want "<SID>Add" to be remapped. This is why | |
| 2139 "<script>" is used here. This only allows mappings which are local to the | |
| 2140 script. |:map-<script>| The same is done in line 26 for ":noremenu". | |
| 2141 |:menu-<script>| | |
| 2142 | |
| 2143 | |
| 2144 <SID> AND <Plug> *using-<Plug>* | |
| 2145 | |
| 2146 Both <SID> and <Plug> are used to avoid that mappings of typed keys interfere | |
| 2147 with mappings that are only to be used from other mappings. Note the | |
| 2148 difference between using <SID> and <Plug>: | |
| 2149 | |
| 2150 <Plug> is visible outside of the script. It is used for mappings which the | |
| 2151 user might want to map a key sequence to. <Plug> is a special code | |
| 2152 that a typed key will never produce. | |
| 2153 To make it very unlikely that other plugins use the same sequence of | |
| 2154 characters, use this structure: <Plug> scriptname mapname | |
| 2155 In our example the scriptname is "Typecorr" and the mapname is "Add". | |
| 21825 | 2156 We add a semicolon as the terminator. This results in |
| 2157 "<Plug>TypecorrAdd;". Only the first character of scriptname and | |
| 2158 mapname is uppercase, so that we can see where mapname starts. | |
| 7 | 2159 |
| 2160 <SID> is the script ID, a unique identifier for a script. | |
| 2161 Internally Vim translates <SID> to "<SNR>123_", where "123" can be any | |
| 2162 number. Thus a function "<SID>Add()" will have a name "<SNR>11_Add()" | |
| 2163 in one script, and "<SNR>22_Add()" in another. You can see this if | |
| 2164 you use the ":function" command to get a list of functions. The | |
| 2165 translation of <SID> in mappings is exactly the same, that's how you | |
| 2166 can call a script-local function from a mapping. | |
| 2167 | |
| 2168 | |
| 2169 USER COMMAND | |
| 2170 | |
| 2171 Now let's add a user command to add a correction: > | |
| 2172 | |
| 2173 38 if !exists(":Correct") | |
| 2174 39 command -nargs=1 Correct :call s:Add(<q-args>, 0) | |
| 2175 40 endif | |
| 2176 | |
| 2177 The user command is defined only if no command with the same name already | |
| 2178 exists. Otherwise we would get an error here. Overriding the existing user | |
| 2179 command with ":command!" is not a good idea, this would probably make the user | |
| 2180 wonder why the command he defined himself doesn't work. |:command| | |
| 2181 | |
| 2182 | |
| 2183 SCRIPT VARIABLES | |
| 2184 | |
| 2185 When a variable starts with "s:" it is a script variable. It can only be used | |
| 2186 inside a script. Outside the script it's not visible. This avoids trouble | |
| 2187 with using the same variable name in different scripts. The variables will be | |
| 2188 kept as long as Vim is running. And the same variables are used when sourcing | |
| 2189 the same script again. |s:var| | |
| 2190 | |
| 2191 The fun is that these variables can also be used in functions, autocommands | |
| 2192 and user commands that are defined in the script. In our example we can add | |
| 2193 a few lines to count the number of corrections: > | |
| 2194 | |
| 2195 19 let s:count = 4 | |
| 2196 .. | |
| 2197 30 function s:Add(from, correct) | |
| 2198 .. | |
| 2199 34 let s:count = s:count + 1 | |
| 22171 | 2200 35 echo s:count .. " corrections now" |
| 7 | 2201 36 endfunction |
| 2202 | |
| 2203 First s:count is initialized to 4 in the script itself. When later the | |
| 2204 s:Add() function is called, it increments s:count. It doesn't matter from | |
| 2205 where the function was called, since it has been defined in the script, it | |
| 2206 will use the local variables from this script. | |
| 2207 | |
| 2208 | |
| 2209 THE RESULT | |
| 2210 | |
| 2211 Here is the resulting complete example: > | |
| 2212 | |
| 2213 1 " Vim global plugin for correcting typing mistakes | |
| 2214 2 " Last Change: 2000 Oct 15 | |
| 2215 3 " Maintainer: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> | |
| 2216 4 " License: This file is placed in the public domain. | |
| 2217 5 | |
|
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|
2218 6 if exists("g:loaded_typecorr") |
| 7 | 2219 7 finish |
| 2220 8 endif | |
|
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|
2221 9 let g:loaded_typecorr = 1 |
| 7 | 2222 10 |
| 2223 11 let s:save_cpo = &cpo | |
| 2224 12 set cpo&vim | |
| 2225 13 | |
| 2226 14 iabbrev teh the | |
| 2227 15 iabbrev otehr other | |
| 2228 16 iabbrev wnat want | |
| 2229 17 iabbrev synchronisation | |
| 2230 18 \ synchronization | |
| 2231 19 let s:count = 4 | |
| 2232 20 | |
| 21825 | 2233 21 if !hasmapto('<Plug>TypecorrAdd;') |
| 2234 22 map <unique> <Leader>a <Plug>TypecorrAdd; | |
| 7 | 2235 23 endif |
| 21825 | 2236 24 noremap <unique> <script> <Plug>TypecorrAdd; <SID>Add |
| 7 | 2237 25 |
| 2238 26 noremenu <script> Plugin.Add\ Correction <SID>Add | |
| 2239 27 | |
| 2240 28 noremap <SID>Add :call <SID>Add(expand("<cword>"), 1)<CR> | |
| 2241 29 | |
| 2242 30 function s:Add(from, correct) | |
| 22171 | 2243 31 let to = input("type the correction for " .. a:from .. ": ") |
| 2244 32 exe ":iabbrev " .. a:from .. " " .. to | |
| 7 | 2245 33 if a:correct | exe "normal viws\<C-R>\" \b\e" | endif |
| 2246 34 let s:count = s:count + 1 | |
| 22171 | 2247 35 echo s:count .. " corrections now" |
| 7 | 2248 36 endfunction |
| 2249 37 | |
| 2250 38 if !exists(":Correct") | |
| 2251 39 command -nargs=1 Correct :call s:Add(<q-args>, 0) | |
| 2252 40 endif | |
| 2253 41 | |
| 2254 42 let &cpo = s:save_cpo | |
| 3445 | 2255 43 unlet s:save_cpo |
| 7 | 2256 |
| 2257 Line 33 wasn't explained yet. It applies the new correction to the word under | |
| 2258 the cursor. The |:normal| command is used to use the new abbreviation. Note | |
| 2259 that mappings and abbreviations are expanded here, even though the function | |
| 2260 was called from a mapping defined with ":noremap". | |
| 2261 | |
| 2262 Using "unix" for the 'fileformat' option is recommended. The Vim scripts will | |
| 2263 then work everywhere. Scripts with 'fileformat' set to "dos" do not work on | |
| 2264 Unix. Also see |:source_crnl|. To be sure it is set right, do this before | |
| 2265 writing the file: > | |
| 2266 | |
| 2267 :set fileformat=unix | |
| 2268 | |
| 2269 | |
| 2270 DOCUMENTATION *write-local-help* | |
| 2271 | |
| 2272 It's a good idea to also write some documentation for your plugin. Especially | |
| 2273 when its behavior can be changed by the user. See |add-local-help| for how | |
| 2274 they are installed. | |
| 2275 | |
| 2276 Here is a simple example for a plugin help file, called "typecorr.txt": > | |
| 2277 | |
| 2278 1 *typecorr.txt* Plugin for correcting typing mistakes | |
| 2279 2 | |
| 2280 3 If you make typing mistakes, this plugin will have them corrected | |
| 2281 4 automatically. | |
| 2282 5 | |
| 2283 6 There are currently only a few corrections. Add your own if you like. | |
| 2284 7 | |
| 2285 8 Mappings: | |
| 21825 | 2286 9 <Leader>a or <Plug>TypecorrAdd; |
| 7 | 2287 10 Add a correction for the word under the cursor. |
| 2288 11 | |
| 2289 12 Commands: | |
| 2290 13 :Correct {word} | |
| 2291 14 Add a correction for {word}. | |
| 2292 15 | |
| 2293 16 *typecorr-settings* | |
| 2294 17 This plugin doesn't have any settings. | |
| 2295 | |
| 2296 The first line is actually the only one for which the format matters. It will | |
| 2297 be extracted from the help file to be put in the "LOCAL ADDITIONS:" section of | |
| 2298 help.txt |local-additions|. The first "*" must be in the first column of the | |
| 2299 first line. After adding your help file do ":help" and check that the entries | |
| 2300 line up nicely. | |
| 2301 | |
| 2302 You can add more tags inside ** in your help file. But be careful not to use | |
| 2303 existing help tags. You would probably use the name of your plugin in most of | |
| 2304 them, like "typecorr-settings" in the example. | |
| 2305 | |
| 2306 Using references to other parts of the help in || is recommended. This makes | |
| 2307 it easy for the user to find associated help. | |
| 2308 | |
| 2309 | |
| 2310 FILETYPE DETECTION *plugin-filetype* | |
| 2311 | |
| 2312 If your filetype is not already detected by Vim, you should create a filetype | |
| 2313 detection snippet in a separate file. It is usually in the form of an | |
| 2314 autocommand that sets the filetype when the file name matches a pattern. | |
| 2315 Example: > | |
| 2316 | |
| 2317 au BufNewFile,BufRead *.foo set filetype=foofoo | |
| 2318 | |
| 2319 Write this single-line file as "ftdetect/foofoo.vim" in the first directory | |
| 2320 that appears in 'runtimepath'. For Unix that would be | |
| 2321 "~/.vim/ftdetect/foofoo.vim". The convention is to use the name of the | |
| 2322 filetype for the script name. | |
| 2323 | |
| 2324 You can make more complicated checks if you like, for example to inspect the | |
| 2325 contents of the file to recognize the language. Also see |new-filetype|. | |
| 2326 | |
| 2327 | |
| 2328 SUMMARY *plugin-special* | |
| 2329 | |
| 2330 Summary of special things to use in a plugin: | |
| 2331 | |
| 2332 s:name Variables local to the script. | |
| 2333 | |
| 2334 <SID> Script-ID, used for mappings and functions local to | |
| 2335 the script. | |
| 2336 | |
| 2337 hasmapto() Function to test if the user already defined a mapping | |
| 2338 for functionality the script offers. | |
| 2339 | |
| 2340 <Leader> Value of "mapleader", which the user defines as the | |
| 2341 keys that plugin mappings start with. | |
| 2342 | |
| 2343 :map <unique> Give a warning if a mapping already exists. | |
| 2344 | |
| 2345 :noremap <script> Use only mappings local to the script, not global | |
| 2346 mappings. | |
| 2347 | |
| 2348 exists(":Cmd") Check if a user command already exists. | |
| 2349 | |
| 2350 ============================================================================== | |
| 161 | 2351 *41.12* Writing a filetype plugin *write-filetype-plugin* *ftplugin* |
| 7 | 2352 |
| 2353 A filetype plugin is like a global plugin, except that it sets options and | |
| 2354 defines mappings for the current buffer only. See |add-filetype-plugin| for | |
| 2355 how this type of plugin is used. | |
| 2356 | |
| 161 | 2357 First read the section on global plugins above |41.11|. All that is said there |
| 7 | 2358 also applies to filetype plugins. There are a few extras, which are explained |
| 2359 here. The essential thing is that a filetype plugin should only have an | |
| 2360 effect on the current buffer. | |
| 2361 | |
| 2362 | |
| 2363 DISABLING | |
| 2364 | |
| 2365 If you are writing a filetype plugin to be used by many people, they need a | |
| 2366 chance to disable loading it. Put this at the top of the plugin: > | |
| 2367 | |
| 2368 " Only do this when not done yet for this buffer | |
| 2369 if exists("b:did_ftplugin") | |
| 2370 finish | |
| 2371 endif | |
| 2372 let b:did_ftplugin = 1 | |
| 2373 | |
| 2374 This also needs to be used to avoid that the same plugin is executed twice for | |
| 2375 the same buffer (happens when using an ":edit" command without arguments). | |
| 2376 | |
| 2377 Now users can disable loading the default plugin completely by making a | |
| 2378 filetype plugin with only this line: > | |
| 2379 | |
| 2380 let b:did_ftplugin = 1 | |
| 2381 | |
| 2382 This does require that the filetype plugin directory comes before $VIMRUNTIME | |
| 2383 in 'runtimepath'! | |
| 2384 | |
| 2385 If you do want to use the default plugin, but overrule one of the settings, | |
| 2386 you can write the different setting in a script: > | |
| 2387 | |
| 2388 setlocal textwidth=70 | |
| 2389 | |
| 2390 Now write this in the "after" directory, so that it gets sourced after the | |
| 2391 distributed "vim.vim" ftplugin |after-directory|. For Unix this would be | |
| 2392 "~/.vim/after/ftplugin/vim.vim". Note that the default plugin will have set | |
| 2393 "b:did_ftplugin", but it is ignored here. | |
| 2394 | |
| 2395 | |
| 2396 OPTIONS | |
| 2397 | |
| 2398 To make sure the filetype plugin only affects the current buffer use the > | |
| 2399 | |
| 2400 :setlocal | |
| 2401 | |
| 2402 command to set options. And only set options which are local to a buffer (see | |
| 2403 the help for the option to check that). When using |:setlocal| for global | |
| 2404 options or options local to a window, the value will change for many buffers, | |
| 2405 and that is not what a filetype plugin should do. | |
| 2406 | |
| 2407 When an option has a value that is a list of flags or items, consider using | |
| 2408 "+=" and "-=" to keep the existing value. Be aware that the user may have | |
| 2409 changed an option value already. First resetting to the default value and | |
|
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|
2410 then changing it is often a good idea. Example: > |
| 7 | 2411 |
| 2412 :setlocal formatoptions& formatoptions+=ro | |
| 2413 | |
| 2414 | |
| 2415 MAPPINGS | |
| 2416 | |
| 2417 To make sure mappings will only work in the current buffer use the > | |
| 2418 | |
| 2419 :map <buffer> | |
| 2420 | |
| 2421 command. This needs to be combined with the two-step mapping explained above. | |
| 2422 An example of how to define functionality in a filetype plugin: > | |
| 2423 | |
| 21825 | 2424 if !hasmapto('<Plug>JavaImport;') |
| 2425 map <buffer> <unique> <LocalLeader>i <Plug>JavaImport; | |
| 7 | 2426 endif |
| 21825 | 2427 noremap <buffer> <unique> <Plug>JavaImport; oimport ""<Left><Esc> |
| 7 | 2428 |
| 2429 |hasmapto()| is used to check if the user has already defined a map to | |
| 21825 | 2430 <Plug>JavaImport;. If not, then the filetype plugin defines the default |
| 7 | 2431 mapping. This starts with |<LocalLeader>|, which allows the user to select |
| 2432 the key(s) he wants filetype plugin mappings to start with. The default is a | |
| 2433 backslash. | |
| 2434 "<unique>" is used to give an error message if the mapping already exists or | |
| 2435 overlaps with an existing mapping. | |
| 2436 |:noremap| is used to avoid that any other mappings that the user has defined | |
| 2437 interferes. You might want to use ":noremap <script>" to allow remapping | |
| 2438 mappings defined in this script that start with <SID>. | |
| 2439 | |
| 2440 The user must have a chance to disable the mappings in a filetype plugin, | |
| 2441 without disabling everything. Here is an example of how this is done for a | |
| 2442 plugin for the mail filetype: > | |
| 2443 | |
| 2444 " Add mappings, unless the user didn't want this. | |
| 2445 if !exists("no_plugin_maps") && !exists("no_mail_maps") | |
| 2446 " Quote text by inserting "> " | |
| 21825 | 2447 if !hasmapto('<Plug>MailQuote;') |
| 2448 vmap <buffer> <LocalLeader>q <Plug>MailQuote; | |
| 2449 nmap <buffer> <LocalLeader>q <Plug>MailQuote; | |
| 7 | 2450 endif |
| 21825 | 2451 vnoremap <buffer> <Plug>MailQuote; :s/^/> /<CR> |
| 2452 nnoremap <buffer> <Plug>MailQuote; :.,$s/^/> /<CR> | |
| 7 | 2453 endif |
| 2454 | |
| 2455 Two global variables are used: | |
| 11262 | 2456 |no_plugin_maps| disables mappings for all filetype plugins |
| 2457 |no_mail_maps| disables mappings for the "mail" filetype | |
| 7 | 2458 |
| 2459 | |
| 2460 USER COMMANDS | |
| 2461 | |
| 2462 To add a user command for a specific file type, so that it can only be used in | |
| 2463 one buffer, use the "-buffer" argument to |:command|. Example: > | |
| 2464 | |
| 2465 :command -buffer Make make %:r.s | |
| 2466 | |
| 2467 | |
| 2468 VARIABLES | |
| 2469 | |
| 2470 A filetype plugin will be sourced for each buffer of the type it's for. Local | |
| 2471 script variables |s:var| will be shared between all invocations. Use local | |
| 2472 buffer variables |b:var| if you want a variable specifically for one buffer. | |
| 2473 | |
| 2474 | |
| 2475 FUNCTIONS | |
| 2476 | |
| 2477 When defining a function, this only needs to be done once. But the filetype | |
| 2478 plugin will be sourced every time a file with this filetype will be opened. | |
|
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|
2479 This construct makes sure the function is only defined once: > |
| 7 | 2480 |
| 2481 :if !exists("*s:Func") | |
| 2482 : function s:Func(arg) | |
| 2483 : ... | |
| 2484 : endfunction | |
| 2485 :endif | |
| 2486 < | |
| 2487 | |
|
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|
2488 UNDO *undo_indent* *undo_ftplugin* |
| 7 | 2489 |
| 2490 When the user does ":setfiletype xyz" the effect of the previous filetype | |
| 2491 should be undone. Set the b:undo_ftplugin variable to the commands that will | |
| 2492 undo the settings in your filetype plugin. Example: > | |
| 2493 | |
| 2494 let b:undo_ftplugin = "setlocal fo< com< tw< commentstring<" | |
| 22171 | 2495 \ .. "| unlet b:match_ignorecase b:match_words b:match_skip" |
| 7 | 2496 |
| 2497 Using ":setlocal" with "<" after the option name resets the option to its | |
| 2498 global value. That is mostly the best way to reset the option value. | |
| 2499 | |
| 2500 This does require removing the "C" flag from 'cpoptions' to allow line | |
| 2501 continuation, as mentioned above |use-cpo-save|. | |
| 2502 | |
|
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
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diff
changeset
|
2503 For undoing the effect of an indent script, the b:undo_indent variable should |
|
abd64cf67bcf
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/38a55639d603823efcf2d2fdf542dbffdeb60b75
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diff
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|
2504 be set accordingly. |
|
abd64cf67bcf
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2505 |
| 7 | 2506 |
| 2507 FILE NAME | |
| 2508 | |
| 2509 The filetype must be included in the file name |ftplugin-name|. Use one of | |
| 2510 these three forms: | |
| 2511 | |
| 2512 .../ftplugin/stuff.vim | |
| 2513 .../ftplugin/stuff_foo.vim | |
| 2514 .../ftplugin/stuff/bar.vim | |
| 2515 | |
| 2516 "stuff" is the filetype, "foo" and "bar" are arbitrary names. | |
| 2517 | |
| 2518 | |
| 2519 SUMMARY *ftplugin-special* | |
| 2520 | |
| 2521 Summary of special things to use in a filetype plugin: | |
| 2522 | |
| 2523 <LocalLeader> Value of "maplocalleader", which the user defines as | |
| 2524 the keys that filetype plugin mappings start with. | |
| 2525 | |
| 2526 :map <buffer> Define a mapping local to the buffer. | |
| 2527 | |
| 2528 :noremap <script> Only remap mappings defined in this script that start | |
| 2529 with <SID>. | |
| 2530 | |
| 2531 :setlocal Set an option for the current buffer only. | |
| 2532 | |
| 2533 :command -buffer Define a user command local to the buffer. | |
| 2534 | |
| 2535 exists("*s:Func") Check if a function was already defined. | |
| 2536 | |
| 2537 Also see |plugin-special|, the special things used for all plugins. | |
| 2538 | |
| 2539 ============================================================================== | |
| 161 | 2540 *41.13* Writing a compiler plugin *write-compiler-plugin* |
| 7 | 2541 |
| 2542 A compiler plugin sets options for use with a specific compiler. The user can | |
| 2543 load it with the |:compiler| command. The main use is to set the | |
| 2544 'errorformat' and 'makeprg' options. | |
| 2545 | |
| 2546 Easiest is to have a look at examples. This command will edit all the default | |
| 2547 compiler plugins: > | |
| 2548 | |
| 2549 :next $VIMRUNTIME/compiler/*.vim | |
| 2550 | |
| 2551 Use |:next| to go to the next plugin file. | |
| 2552 | |
| 2553 There are two special items about these files. First is a mechanism to allow | |
| 2554 a user to overrule or add to the default file. The default files start with: > | |
| 2555 | |
| 2556 :if exists("current_compiler") | |
| 2557 : finish | |
| 2558 :endif | |
| 2559 :let current_compiler = "mine" | |
| 2560 | |
| 2561 When you write a compiler file and put it in your personal runtime directory | |
| 2562 (e.g., ~/.vim/compiler for Unix), you set the "current_compiler" variable to | |
| 2563 make the default file skip the settings. | |
| 570 | 2564 *:CompilerSet* |
| 7 | 2565 The second mechanism is to use ":set" for ":compiler!" and ":setlocal" for |
| 2566 ":compiler". Vim defines the ":CompilerSet" user command for this. However, | |
| 2567 older Vim versions don't, thus your plugin should define it then. This is an | |
| 2568 example: > | |
| 2569 | |
| 2570 if exists(":CompilerSet") != 2 | |
| 2571 command -nargs=* CompilerSet setlocal <args> | |
| 2572 endif | |
| 2573 CompilerSet errorformat& " use the default 'errorformat' | |
| 2574 CompilerSet makeprg=nmake | |
| 2575 | |
| 2576 When you write a compiler plugin for the Vim distribution or for a system-wide | |
| 2577 runtime directory, use the mechanism mentioned above. When | |
| 2578 "current_compiler" was already set by a user plugin nothing will be done. | |
| 2579 | |
| 2580 When you write a compiler plugin to overrule settings from a default plugin, | |
| 2581 don't check "current_compiler". This plugin is supposed to be loaded | |
| 2582 last, thus it should be in a directory at the end of 'runtimepath'. For Unix | |
| 2583 that could be ~/.vim/after/compiler. | |
| 2584 | |
| 2585 ============================================================================== | |
| 170 | 2586 *41.14* Writing a plugin that loads quickly *write-plugin-quickload* |
| 2587 | |
| 2588 A plugin may grow and become quite long. The startup delay may become | |
| 1620 | 2589 noticeable, while you hardly ever use the plugin. Then it's time for a |
| 170 | 2590 quickload plugin. |
| 2591 | |
| 2592 The basic idea is that the plugin is loaded twice. The first time user | |
| 2593 commands and mappings are defined that offer the functionality. The second | |
| 2594 time the functions that implement the functionality are defined. | |
| 2595 | |
| 2596 It may sound surprising that quickload means loading a script twice. What we | |
| 2597 mean is that it loads quickly the first time, postponing the bulk of the | |
| 2598 script to the second time, which only happens when you actually use it. When | |
| 2599 you always use the functionality it actually gets slower! | |
| 2600 | |
| 793 | 2601 Note that since Vim 7 there is an alternative: use the |autoload| |
| 2602 functionality |41.15|. | |
| 2603 | |
| 170 | 2604 The following example shows how it's done: > |
| 2605 | |
| 2606 " Vim global plugin for demonstrating quick loading | |
| 2607 " Last Change: 2005 Feb 25 | |
| 2608 " Maintainer: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> | |
| 2609 " License: This file is placed in the public domain. | |
| 2610 | |
| 2611 if !exists("s:did_load") | |
| 2612 command -nargs=* BNRead call BufNetRead(<f-args>) | |
| 2613 map <F19> :call BufNetWrite('something')<CR> | |
| 2614 | |
| 2615 let s:did_load = 1 | |
| 22171 | 2616 exe 'au FuncUndefined BufNet* source ' .. expand('<sfile>') |
| 170 | 2617 finish |
| 2618 endif | |
| 2619 | |
| 2620 function BufNetRead(...) | |
| 22171 | 2621 echo 'BufNetRead(' .. string(a:000) .. ')' |
| 170 | 2622 " read functionality here |
| 2623 endfunction | |
| 2624 | |
| 2625 function BufNetWrite(...) | |
| 22171 | 2626 echo 'BufNetWrite(' .. string(a:000) .. ')' |
| 170 | 2627 " write functionality here |
| 2628 endfunction | |
| 2629 | |
| 2630 When the script is first loaded "s:did_load" is not set. The commands between | |
| 2631 the "if" and "endif" will be executed. This ends in a |:finish| command, thus | |
| 2632 the rest of the script is not executed. | |
| 2633 | |
| 2634 The second time the script is loaded "s:did_load" exists and the commands | |
| 2635 after the "endif" are executed. This defines the (possible long) | |
| 2636 BufNetRead() and BufNetWrite() functions. | |
| 2637 | |
| 2638 If you drop this script in your plugin directory Vim will execute it on | |
| 2639 startup. This is the sequence of events that happens: | |
| 2640 | |
| 2641 1. The "BNRead" command is defined and the <F19> key is mapped when the script | |
| 2642 is sourced at startup. A |FuncUndefined| autocommand is defined. The | |
| 2643 ":finish" command causes the script to terminate early. | |
| 2644 | |
| 2645 2. The user types the BNRead command or presses the <F19> key. The | |
| 2646 BufNetRead() or BufNetWrite() function will be called. | |
| 856 | 2647 |
| 170 | 2648 3. Vim can't find the function and triggers the |FuncUndefined| autocommand |
| 2649 event. Since the pattern "BufNet*" matches the invoked function, the | |
| 2650 command "source fname" will be executed. "fname" will be equal to the name | |
| 2651 of the script, no matter where it is located, because it comes from | |
| 2652 expanding "<sfile>" (see |expand()|). | |
| 2653 | |
| 2654 4. The script is sourced again, the "s:did_load" variable exists and the | |
| 2655 functions are defined. | |
| 2656 | |
| 2657 Notice that the functions that are loaded afterwards match the pattern in the | |
| 2658 |FuncUndefined| autocommand. You must make sure that no other plugin defines | |
| 2659 functions that match this pattern. | |
| 2660 | |
| 2661 ============================================================================== | |
| 2662 *41.15* Writing library scripts *write-library-script* | |
| 2663 | |
| 2664 Some functionality will be required in several places. When this becomes more | |
| 2665 than a few lines you will want to put it in one script and use it from many | |
| 2666 scripts. We will call that one script a library script. | |
| 2667 | |
| 2668 Manually loading a library script is possible, so long as you avoid loading it | |
| 2669 when it's already done. You can do this with the |exists()| function. | |
| 2670 Example: > | |
| 2671 | |
| 2672 if !exists('*MyLibFunction') | |
| 2673 runtime library/mylibscript.vim | |
| 2674 endif | |
| 2675 call MyLibFunction(arg) | |
| 2676 | |
| 2677 Here you need to know that MyLibFunction() is defined in a script | |
| 2678 "library/mylibscript.vim" in one of the directories in 'runtimepath'. | |
| 2679 | |
| 2680 To make this a bit simpler Vim offers the autoload mechanism. Then the | |
| 2681 example looks like this: > | |
| 2682 | |
| 270 | 2683 call mylib#myfunction(arg) |
| 170 | 2684 |
| 2685 That's a lot simpler, isn't it? Vim will recognize the function name and when | |
| 2686 it's not defined search for the script "autoload/mylib.vim" in 'runtimepath'. | |
| 270 | 2687 That script must define the "mylib#myfunction()" function. |
| 170 | 2688 |
| 2689 You can put many other functions in the mylib.vim script, you are free to | |
| 2690 organize your functions in library scripts. But you must use function names | |
| 323 | 2691 where the part before the '#' matches the script name. Otherwise Vim would |
| 2692 not know what script to load. | |
| 170 | 2693 |
| 681 | 2694 If you get really enthusiastic and write lots of library scripts, you may |
| 170 | 2695 want to use subdirectories. Example: > |
| 2696 | |
| 270 | 2697 call netlib#ftp#read('somefile') |
| 170 | 2698 |
| 2699 For Unix the library script used for this could be: | |
| 2700 | |
| 2701 ~/.vim/autoload/netlib/ftp.vim | |
| 2702 | |
| 2703 Where the function is defined like this: > | |
| 2704 | |
| 270 | 2705 function netlib#ftp#read(fname) |
| 170 | 2706 " Read the file fname through ftp |
| 2707 endfunction | |
| 2708 | |
| 2709 Notice that the name the function is defined with is exactly the same as the | |
| 323 | 2710 name used for calling the function. And the part before the last '#' |
| 170 | 2711 exactly matches the subdirectory and script name. |
| 2712 | |
| 2713 You can use the same mechanism for variables: > | |
| 2714 | |
| 270 | 2715 let weekdays = dutch#weekdays |
| 170 | 2716 |
| 2717 This will load the script "autoload/dutch.vim", which should contain something | |
| 2718 like: > | |
| 2719 | |
| 270 | 2720 let dutch#weekdays = ['zondag', 'maandag', 'dinsdag', 'woensdag', |
| 170 | 2721 \ 'donderdag', 'vrijdag', 'zaterdag'] |
| 2722 | |
| 2723 Further reading: |autoload|. | |
| 2724 | |
| 2725 ============================================================================== | |
| 793 | 2726 *41.16* Distributing Vim scripts *distribute-script* |
| 2727 | |
| 2728 Vim users will look for scripts on the Vim website: http://www.vim.org. | |
| 2729 If you made something that is useful for others, share it! | |
| 2730 | |
| 2731 Vim scripts can be used on any system. There might not be a tar or gzip | |
| 2732 command. If you want to pack files together and/or compress them the "zip" | |
| 2733 utility is recommended. | |
| 2734 | |
| 2735 For utmost portability use Vim itself to pack scripts together. This can be | |
| 2736 done with the Vimball utility. See |vimball|. | |
| 2737 | |
| 799 | 2738 It's good if you add a line to allow automatic updating. See |glvs-plugins|. |
| 2739 | |
| 793 | 2740 ============================================================================== |
| 7 | 2741 |
| 2742 Next chapter: |usr_42.txt| Add new menus | |
| 2743 | |
| 14519 | 2744 Copyright: see |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |