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1 *usr_41.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2005 Feb 04
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2
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3 VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar
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4
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5 Write a Vim script
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6
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7
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8 The Vim script language is used for the startup vimrc file, syntax files, and
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9 many other things. This chapter explains the items that can be used in a Vim
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10 script. There are a lot of them, thus this is a long chapter.
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11
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12 |41.1| Introduction
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13 |41.2| Variables
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14 |41.3| Expressions
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15 |41.4| Conditionals
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16 |41.5| Executing an expression
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17 |41.6| Using functions
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18 |41.7| Defining a function
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19 |41.8| Exceptions
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20 |41.9| Various remarks
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21 |41.10| Writing a plugin
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22 |41.11| Writing a filetype plugin
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23 |41.12| Writing a compiler plugin
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24
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25 Next chapter: |usr_42.txt| Add new menus
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26 Previous chapter: |usr_40.txt| Make new commands
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27 Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt|
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28
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29 ==============================================================================
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129
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30 *41.1* Introduction *vim-script-intro* *script*
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31
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32 Your first experience with Vim scripts is the vimrc file. Vim reads it when
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33 it starts up and executes the commands. You can set options to values you
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34 prefer. And you can use any colon command in it (commands that start with a
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35 ":"; these are sometimes referred to as Ex commands or command-line commands).
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36 Syntax files are also Vim scripts. As are files that set options for a
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37 specific file type. A complicated macro can be defined by a separate Vim
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38 script file. You can think of other uses yourself.
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39
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40 Let's start with a simple example: >
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41
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42 :let i = 1
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43 :while i < 5
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44 : echo "count is" i
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45 : let i = i + 1
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46 :endwhile
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47 <
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48 Note:
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49 The ":" characters are not really needed here. You only need to use
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50 them when you type a command. In a Vim script file they can be left
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51 out. We will use them here anyway to make clear these are colon
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52 commands and make them stand out from Normal mode commands.
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53
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54 The ":let" command assigns a value to a variable. The generic form is: >
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55
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56 :let {variable} = {expression}
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57
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58 In this case the variable name is "i" and the expression is a simple value,
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59 the number one.
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60 The ":while" command starts a loop. The generic form is: >
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61
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62 :while {condition}
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63 : {statements}
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64 :endwhile
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65
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66 The statements until the matching ":endwhile" are executed for as long as the
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67 condition is true. The condition used here is the expression "i < 5". This
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68 is true when the variable i is smaller than five.
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69 The ":echo" command prints its arguments. In this case the string "count
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70 is" and the value of the variable i. Since i is one, this will print:
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71
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72 count is 1 ~
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73
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74 Then there is another ":let i =" command. The value used is the expression "i
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75 + 1". This adds one to the variable i and assigns the new value to the same
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76 variable.
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77 The output of the example code is:
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78
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79 count is 1 ~
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80 count is 2 ~
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81 count is 3 ~
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82 count is 4 ~
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83
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84 Note:
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85 If you happen to write a while loop that keeps on running, you can
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86 interrupt it by pressing CTRL-C (CTRL-Break on MS-Windows).
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48
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87 Note:
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88 You can try out the examples by yanking the lines from the text here
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89 and executing them with :@"
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90
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112
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91 The example was given to explain the commands, but you would really want to
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92 make such a loop it can be written much more compact: >
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93
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94 :for i in range(1, 4)
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95 : echo "count is" i
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96 :endfor
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97
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98 We won't explain how |:for| and |range()| work right now. Follow the links if
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99 you are impatient.
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100
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101
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102 THREE KINDS OF NUMBERS
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103
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104 Numbers can be decimal, hexadecimal or octal. A hexadecimal number starts
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105 with "0x" or "0X". For example "0x1f" is 31. An octal number starts with a
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106 zero. "017" is 15. Careful: don't put a zero before a decimal number, it
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107 will be interpreted as an octal number!
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108 The ":echo" command always prints decimal numbers. Example: >
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109
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110 :echo 0x7f 036
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111 < 127 30 ~
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112
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113 A number is made negative with a minus sign. This also works for hexadecimal
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114 and octal numbers. A minus sign is also for subtraction. Compare this with
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115 the previous example: >
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116
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117 :echo 0x7f -036
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118 < 97 ~
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119
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120 White space in an expression is ignored. However, it's recommended to use it
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121 for separating items, to make the expression easier to read. For example, to
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122 avoid the confusion with a negative number, put a space between the minus sign
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123 and the following number: >
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124
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125 :echo 0x7f - 036
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126
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127 ==============================================================================
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128 *41.2* Variables
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129
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130 A variable name consists of ASCII letters, digits and the underscore. It
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131 cannot start with a digit. Valid variable names are:
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132
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133 counter
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134 _aap3
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135 very_long_variable_name_with_underscores
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136 FuncLength
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137 LENGTH
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138
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139 Invalid names are "foo+bar" and "6var".
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140 These variables are global. To see a list of currently defined variables
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141 use this command: >
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142
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143 :let
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144
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145 You can use global variables everywhere. This also means that when the
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146 variable "count" is used in one script file, it might also be used in another
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147 file. This leads to confusion at least, and real problems at worst. To avoid
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148 this, you can use a variable local to a script file by prepending "s:". For
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149 example, one script contains this code: >
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150
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151 :let s:count = 1
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152 :while s:count < 5
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153 : source other.vim
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154 : let s:count = s:count + 1
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155 :endwhile
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156
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157 Since "s:count" is local to this script, you can be sure that sourcing the
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158 "other.vim" script will not change this variable. If "other.vim" also uses an
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159 "s:count" variable, it will be a different copy, local to that script. More
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160 about script-local variables here: |script-variable|.
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161
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162 There are more kinds of variables, see |internal-variables|. The most often
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163 used ones are:
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164
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165 b:name variable local to a buffer
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166 w:name variable local to a window
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167 g:name global variable (also in a function)
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168 v:name variable predefined by Vim
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169
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170
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171 DELETING VARIABLES
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172
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173 Variables take up memory and show up in the output of the ":let" command. To
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174 delete a variable use the ":unlet" command. Example: >
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175
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176 :unlet s:count
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177
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178 This deletes the script-local variable "s:count" to free up the memory it
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179 uses. If you are not sure if the variable exists, and don't want an error
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180 message when it doesn't, append !: >
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181
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182 :unlet! s:count
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183
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184 When a script finishes, the local variables used there will not be
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185 automatically freed. The next time the script executes, it can still use the
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186 old value. Example: >
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187
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188 :if !exists("s:call_count")
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189 : let s:call_count = 0
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190 :endif
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191 :let s:call_count = s:call_count + 1
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192 :echo "called" s:call_count "times"
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193
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194 The "exists()" function checks if a variable has already been defined. Its
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195 argument is the name of the variable you want to check. Not the variable
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196 itself! If you would do this: >
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197
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198 :if !exists(s:call_count)
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199
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200 Then the value of s:call_count will be used as the name of the variable that
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201 exists() checks. That's not what you want.
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202 The exclamation mark ! negates a value. When the value was true, it
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203 becomes false. When it was false, it becomes true. You can read it as "not".
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204 Thus "if !exists()" can be read as "if not exists()".
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205 What Vim calls true is anything that is not zero. Only zero is false.
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206
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207
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208 STRING VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS
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209
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210 So far only numbers were used for the variable value. Strings can be used as
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211 well. Numbers and strings are the only two types of variables that Vim
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212 supports. The type is dynamic, it is set each time when assigning a value to
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213 the variable with ":let".
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214 To assign a string value to a variable, you need to use a string constant.
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215 There are two types of these. First the string in double quotes: >
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216
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217 :let name = "peter"
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218 :echo name
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219 < peter ~
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220
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221 If you want to include a double quote inside the string, put a backslash in
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222 front of it: >
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223
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224 :let name = "\"peter\""
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225 :echo name
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226 < "peter" ~
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227
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228 To avoid the need for a backslash, you can use a string in single quotes: >
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229
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230 :let name = '"peter"'
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231 :echo name
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232 < "peter" ~
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233
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26
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234 Inside a single-quote string all the characters are as they are. The drawback
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235 is that it's impossible to include a single quote. A backslash is taken
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236 literally as well, thus you can't use it to change the meaning of the
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237 character after it.
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238 In double-quote strings it is possible to use special characters. Here are
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239 a few useful ones:
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240
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241 \t <Tab>
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242 \n <NL>, line break
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243 \r <CR>, <Enter>
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244 \e <Esc>
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245 \b <BS>, backspace
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246 \" "
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247 \\ \, backslash
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248 \<Esc> <Esc>
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249 \<C-W> CTRL-W
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250
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251 The last two are just examples. The "\<name>" form can be used to include
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252 the special key "name".
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253 See |expr-quote| for the full list of special items in a string.
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254
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255 ==============================================================================
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256 *41.3* Expressions
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257
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258 Vim has a rich, yet simple way to handle expressions. You can read the
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259 definition here: |expression-syntax|. Here we will show the most common
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260 items.
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261 The numbers, strings and variables mentioned above are expressions by
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262 themselves. Thus everywhere an expression is expected, you can use a number,
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263 string or variable. Other basic items in an expression are:
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264
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265 $NAME environment variable
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266 &name option
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267 @r register
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268
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269 Examples: >
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270
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271 :echo "The value of 'tabstop' is" &ts
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272 :echo "Your home directory is" $HOME
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273 :if @a > 5
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274
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275 The &name form can be used to save an option value, set it to a new value,
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276 do something and restore the old value. Example: >
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277
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278 :let save_ic = &ic
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279 :set noic
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280 :/The Start/,$delete
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281 :let &ic = save_ic
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282
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283 This makes sure the "The Start" pattern is used with the 'ignorecase' option
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284 off. Still, it keeps the value that the user had set.
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285
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286
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287 MATHEMATICS
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288
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289 It becomes more interesting if we combine these basic items. Let's start with
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290 mathematics on numbers:
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291
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292 a + b add
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293 a - b subtract
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294 a * b multiply
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295 a / b divide
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296 a % b modulo
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297
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298 The usual precedence is used. Example: >
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299
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300 :echo 10 + 5 * 2
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301 < 20 ~
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302
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303 Grouping is done with braces. No surprises here. Example: >
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304
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305 :echo (10 + 5) * 2
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306 < 30 ~
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307
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308 Strings can be concatenated with ".". Example: >
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309
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310 :echo "foo" . "bar"
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311 < foobar ~
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312
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313 When the ":echo" command gets multiple arguments, it separates them with a
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314 space. In the example the argument is a single expression, thus no space is
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315 inserted.
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316
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317 Borrowed from the C language is the conditional expression:
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318
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319 a ? b : c
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320
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321 If "a" evaluates to true "b" is used, otherwise "c" is used. Example: >
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322
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323 :let i = 4
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324 :echo i > 5 ? "i is big" : "i is small"
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325 < i is small ~
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326
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327 The three parts of the constructs are always evaluated first, thus you could
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328 see it work as:
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329
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330 (a) ? (b) : (c)
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331
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332 ==============================================================================
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333 *41.4* Conditionals
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334
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335 The ":if" commands executes the following statements, until the matching
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336 ":endif", only when a condition is met. The generic form is:
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337
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338 :if {condition}
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339 {statements}
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340 :endif
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341
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342 Only when the expression {condition} evaluates to true (non-zero) will the
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343 {statements} be executed. These must still be valid commands. If they
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344 contain garbage, Vim won't be able to find the ":endif".
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345 You can also use ":else". The generic form for this is:
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346
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347 :if {condition}
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348 {statements}
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349 :else
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350 {statements}
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351 :endif
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352
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353 The second {statements} is only executed if the first one isn't.
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354 Finally, there is ":elseif":
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355
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356 :if {condition}
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357 {statements}
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358 :elseif {condition}
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359 {statements}
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360 :endif
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361
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362 This works just like using ":else" and then "if", but without the need for an
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363 extra ":endif".
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364 A useful example for your vimrc file is checking the 'term' option and
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365 doing something depending upon its value: >
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366
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367 :if &term == "xterm"
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368 : " Do stuff for xterm
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369 :elseif &term == "vt100"
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370 : " Do stuff for a vt100 terminal
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371 :else
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372 : " Do something for other terminals
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373 :endif
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374
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375
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376 LOGIC OPERATIONS
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377
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378 We already used some of them in the examples. These are the most often used
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379 ones:
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380
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381 a == b equal to
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382 a != b not equal to
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383 a > b greater than
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384 a >= b greater than or equal to
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385 a < b less than
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386 a <= b less than or equal to
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387
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388 The result is one if the condition is met and zero otherwise. An example: >
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389
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390 :if v:version >= 600
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391 : echo "congratulations"
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392 :else
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393 : echo "you are using an old version, upgrade!"
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394 :endif
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395
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396 Here "v:version" is a variable defined by Vim, which has the value of the Vim
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397 version. 600 is for version 6.0. Version 6.1 has the value 601. This is
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398 very useful to write a script that works with multiple versions of Vim.
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399 |v:version|
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400
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401 The logic operators work both for numbers and strings. When comparing two
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402 strings, the mathematical difference is used. This compares byte values,
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403 which may not be right for some languages.
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404 When comparing a string with a number, the string is first converted to a
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405 number. This is a bit tricky, because when a string doesn't look like a
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406 number, the number zero is used. Example: >
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407
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408 :if 0 == "one"
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409 : echo "yes"
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410 :endif
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411
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412 This will echo "yes", because "one" doesn't look like a number, thus it is
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413 converted to the number zero.
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414
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415 For strings there are two more items:
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416
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417 a =~ b matches with
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418 a !~ b does not match with
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419
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420 The left item "a" is used as a string. The right item "b" is used as a
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421 pattern, like what's used for searching. Example: >
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|
422
|
|
|
423 :if str =~ " "
|
|
|
424 : echo "str contains a space"
|
|
|
425 :endif
|
|
|
426 :if str !~ '\.$'
|
|
|
427 : echo "str does not end in a full stop"
|
|
|
428 :endif
|
|
|
429
|
|
|
430 Notice the use of a single-quote string for the pattern. This is useful,
|
|
|
431 because backslashes need to be doubled in a double-quote string and patterns
|
|
|
432 tend to contain many backslashes.
|
|
|
433
|
|
|
434 The 'ignorecase' option is used when comparing strings. When you don't want
|
|
|
435 that, append "#" to match case and "?" to ignore case. Thus "==?" compares
|
|
|
436 two strings to be equal while ignoring case. And "!~#" checks if a pattern
|
|
|
437 doesn't match, also checking the case of letters. For the full table see
|
|
|
438 |expr-==|.
|
|
|
439
|
|
|
440
|
|
|
441 MORE LOOPING
|
|
|
442
|
|
|
443 The ":while" command was already mentioned. Two more statements can be used
|
|
|
444 in between the ":while" and the ":endwhile":
|
|
|
445
|
|
|
446 :continue Jump back to the start of the while loop; the
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|
|
447 loop continues.
|
|
|
448 :break Jump forward to the ":endwhile"; the loop is
|
|
|
449 discontinued.
|
|
|
450
|
|
|
451 Example: >
|
|
|
452
|
|
|
453 :while counter < 40
|
|
|
454 : call do_something()
|
|
|
455 : if skip_flag
|
|
|
456 : continue
|
|
|
457 : endif
|
|
|
458 : if finished_flag
|
|
|
459 : break
|
|
|
460 : endif
|
|
|
461 : sleep 50m
|
|
|
462 :endwhile
|
|
|
463
|
|
|
464 The ":sleep" command makes Vim take a nap. The "50m" specifies fifty
|
|
|
465 milliseconds. Another example is ":sleep 4", which sleeps for four seconds.
|
|
|
466
|
|
|
467 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
468 *41.5* Executing an expression
|
|
|
469
|
|
|
470 So far the commands in the script were executed by Vim directly. The
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|
|
471 ":execute" command allows executing the result of an expression. This is a
|
|
|
472 very powerful way to build commands and execute them.
|
|
|
473 An example is to jump to a tag, which is contained in a variable: >
|
|
|
474
|
|
|
475 :execute "tag " . tag_name
|
|
|
476
|
|
|
477 The "." is used to concatenate the string "tag " with the value of variable
|
|
|
478 "tag_name". Suppose "tag_name" has the value "get_cmd", then the command that
|
|
|
479 will be executed is: >
|
|
|
480
|
|
|
481 :tag get_cmd
|
|
|
482
|
|
|
483 The ":execute" command can only execute colon commands. The ":normal" command
|
|
|
484 executes Normal mode commands. However, its argument is not an expression but
|
|
|
485 the literal command characters. Example: >
|
|
|
486
|
|
|
487 :normal gg=G
|
|
|
488
|
|
|
489 This jumps to the first line and formats all lines with the "=" operator.
|
|
|
490 To make ":normal" work with an expression, combine ":execute" with it.
|
|
|
491 Example: >
|
|
|
492
|
|
|
493 :execute "normal " . normal_commands
|
|
|
494
|
|
|
495 The variable "normal_commands" must contain the Normal mode commands.
|
|
|
496 Make sure that the argument for ":normal" is a complete command. Otherwise
|
|
|
497 Vim will run into the end of the argument and abort the command. For example,
|
|
|
498 if you start Insert mode, you must leave Insert mode as well. This works: >
|
|
|
499
|
|
|
500 :execute "normal Inew text \<Esc>"
|
|
|
501
|
|
|
502 This inserts "new text " in the current line. Notice the use of the special
|
|
|
503 key "\<Esc>". This avoids having to enter a real <Esc> character in your
|
|
|
504 script.
|
|
|
505
|
|
|
506 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
507 *41.6* Using functions
|
|
|
508
|
|
|
509 Vim defines many functions and provides a large amount of functionality that
|
|
|
510 way. A few examples will be given in this section. You can find the whole
|
|
|
511 list here: |functions|.
|
|
|
512
|
|
|
513 A function is called with the ":call" command. The parameters are passed in
|
|
|
514 between braces, separated by commas. Example: >
|
|
|
515
|
|
|
516 :call search("Date: ", "W")
|
|
|
517
|
|
|
518 This calls the search() function, with arguments "Date: " and "W". The
|
|
|
519 search() function uses its first argument as a search pattern and the second
|
|
|
520 one as flags. The "W" flag means the search doesn't wrap around the end of
|
|
|
521 the file.
|
|
|
522
|
|
|
523 A function can be called in an expression. Example: >
|
|
|
524
|
|
|
525 :let line = getline(".")
|
|
|
526 :let repl = substitute(line, '\a', "*", "g")
|
|
|
527 :call setline(".", repl)
|
|
|
528
|
|
|
529 The getline() function obtains a line from the current file. Its argument is
|
|
|
530 a specification of the line number. In this case "." is used, which means the
|
|
|
531 line where the cursor is.
|
|
|
532 The substitute() function does something similar to the ":substitute"
|
|
|
533 command. The first argument is the string on which to perform the
|
|
|
534 substitution. The second argument is the pattern, the third the replacement
|
|
|
535 string. Finally, the last arguments are the flags.
|
|
|
536 The setline() function sets the line, specified by the first argument, to a
|
|
|
537 new string, the second argument. In this example the line under the cursor is
|
|
|
538 replaced with the result of the substitute(). Thus the effect of the three
|
|
|
539 statements is equal to: >
|
|
|
540
|
|
|
541 :substitute/\a/*/g
|
|
|
542
|
|
|
543 Using the functions becomes more interesting when you do more work before and
|
|
|
544 after the substitute() call.
|
|
|
545
|
|
|
546
|
|
|
547 FUNCTIONS *function-list*
|
|
|
548
|
|
|
549 There are many functions. We will mention them here, grouped by what they are
|
|
|
550 used for. You can find an alphabetical list here: |functions|. Use CTRL-] on
|
|
|
551 the function name to jump to detailed help on it.
|
|
|
552
|
|
|
553 String manipulation:
|
|
|
554 char2nr() get ASCII value of a character
|
|
|
555 nr2char() get a character by its ASCII value
|
|
|
556 escape() escape characters in a string with a '\'
|
|
|
557 strtrans() translate a string to make it printable
|
|
|
558 tolower() turn a string to lowercase
|
|
|
559 toupper() turn a string to uppercase
|
|
|
560 match() position where a pattern matches in a string
|
|
|
561 matchend() position where a pattern match ends in a string
|
|
|
562 matchstr() match of a pattern in a string
|
|
|
563 stridx() first index of a short string in a long string
|
|
|
564 strridx() last index of a short string in a long string
|
|
|
565 strlen() length of a string
|
|
|
566 substitute() substitute a pattern match with a string
|
|
|
567 submatch() get a specific match in a ":substitute"
|
|
|
568 strpart() get part of a string
|
|
|
569 expand() expand special keywords
|
|
|
570 type() type of a variable
|
|
|
571 iconv() convert text from one encoding to another
|
|
|
572
|
|
112
|
573 List manipulation:
|
|
|
574 get() get an item without error for wrong index
|
|
|
575 len() number of items in a List
|
|
|
576 empty() check if List is empty
|
|
|
577 insert() insert an item somewhere in a List
|
|
|
578 add() append an item to a List
|
|
|
579 extend() append a List to a List
|
|
|
580 remove() remove one or more items from a List
|
|
|
581 copy() make a shallow copy of a List
|
|
|
582 deepcopy() make a full copy of a List
|
|
|
583 filter() remove selected items from a List
|
|
|
584 map() change each List item
|
|
|
585 sort() sort a List
|
|
|
586 reverse() reverse the order of a List
|
|
|
587 split() split a String into a List
|
|
|
588 join() join List items into a String
|
|
|
589 string() String representation of a List
|
|
|
590 call() call a function with List as arguments
|
|
|
591 max() maximum value in a List
|
|
|
592 min() minimum value in a List
|
|
|
593 count() count number of times a value appears in a List
|
|
|
594 getline() get List with buffer lines
|
|
|
595 append() append List of lines to the buffer
|
|
|
596
|
|
|
597 Dictionary manipulation:
|
|
|
598 get() get an entries without error for wrong key
|
|
|
599 len() number of entries in a Dictionary
|
|
|
600 has_key() check whether a key appears in a Dictionary
|
|
|
601 empty() check if Dictionary is empty
|
|
|
602 remove() remove an entry from a Dictionary
|
|
|
603 extend() add entries from one Dictionary to another
|
|
|
604 filter() remove selected entries from a Dictionary
|
|
|
605 map() change each Dictionary entry
|
|
|
606 keys() get List of Dictionary keys
|
|
|
607 values() get List of Dictionary values
|
|
|
608 items() get List of Dictionary key-value pairs
|
|
|
609 copy() make a shallow copy of a Dictionary
|
|
|
610 deepcopy() make a full copy of a Dictionary
|
|
|
611 string() String representation of a Dictionary
|
|
|
612 max() maximum value in a Dictionary
|
|
|
613 min() minimum value in a Dictionary
|
|
|
614 count() count number of times a value appears
|
|
|
615
|
|
7
|
616 Working with text in the current buffer:
|
|
|
617 byte2line() get line number at a specific byte count
|
|
|
618 line2byte() byte count at a specific line
|
|
|
619 col() column number of the cursor or a mark
|
|
|
620 virtcol() screen column of the cursor or a mark
|
|
|
621 line() line number of the cursor or mark
|
|
|
622 wincol() window column number of the cursor
|
|
|
623 winline() window line number of the cursor
|
|
|
624 cursor() position the cursor at a line/column
|
|
|
625 getline() get a line from the buffer
|
|
|
626 setline() replace a line in the buffer
|
|
|
627 append() append {string} below line {lnum}
|
|
|
628 indent() indent of a specific line
|
|
|
629 cindent() indent according to C indenting
|
|
|
630 lispindent() indent according to Lisp indenting
|
|
|
631 nextnonblank() find next non-blank line
|
|
|
632 prevnonblank() find previous non-blank line
|
|
|
633 search() find a match for a pattern
|
|
|
634 searchpair() find the other end of a start/skip/end
|
|
|
635
|
|
|
636 System functions and manipulation of files:
|
|
|
637 browse() put up a file requester
|
|
|
638 glob() expand wildcards
|
|
|
639 globpath() expand wildcards in a number of directories
|
|
|
640 resolve() find out where a shortcut points to
|
|
|
641 fnamemodify() modify a file name
|
|
|
642 executable() check if an executable program exists
|
|
|
643 filereadable() check if a file can be read
|
|
|
644 filewritable() check if a file can be written to
|
|
|
645 isdirectory() check if a directory exists
|
|
|
646 getcwd() get the current working directory
|
|
|
647 getfsize() get the size of a file
|
|
|
648 getftime() get last modification time of a file
|
|
|
649 localtime() get current time
|
|
|
650 strftime() convert time to a string
|
|
|
651 tempname() get the name of a temporary file
|
|
|
652 delete() delete a file
|
|
|
653 rename() rename a file
|
|
|
654 system() get the result of a shell command
|
|
|
655 hostname() name of the system
|
|
158
|
656 readfile() read a file into a List of lines
|
|
|
657 writefile() write a List of lines into a file
|
|
7
|
658
|
|
|
659 Buffers, windows and the argument list:
|
|
|
660 argc() number of entries in the argument list
|
|
|
661 argidx() current position in the argument list
|
|
|
662 argv() get one entry from the argument list
|
|
|
663 bufexists() check if a buffer exists
|
|
|
664 buflisted() check if a buffer exists and is listed
|
|
|
665 bufloaded() check if a buffer exists and is loaded
|
|
|
666 bufname() get the name of a specific buffer
|
|
|
667 bufnr() get the buffer number of a specific buffer
|
|
|
668 winnr() get the window number for the current window
|
|
|
669 bufwinnr() get the window number of a specific buffer
|
|
|
670 winbufnr() get the buffer number of a specific window
|
|
|
671 getbufvar() get a variable value from a specific buffer
|
|
|
672 setbufvar() set a variable in a specific buffer
|
|
|
673 getwinvar() get a variable value from a specific window
|
|
|
674 setwinvar() set a variable in a specific window
|
|
|
675
|
|
|
676 Folding:
|
|
|
677 foldclosed() check for a closed fold at a specific line
|
|
|
678 foldclosedend() like foldclosed() but return the last line
|
|
|
679 foldlevel() check for the fold level at a specific line
|
|
|
680 foldtext() generate the line displayed for a closed fold
|
|
|
681
|
|
|
682 Syntax highlighting:
|
|
|
683 hlexists() check if a highlight group exists
|
|
|
684 hlID() get ID of a highlight group
|
|
|
685 synID() get syntax ID at a specific position
|
|
|
686 synIDattr() get a specific attribute of a syntax ID
|
|
|
687 synIDtrans() get translated syntax ID
|
|
|
688
|
|
|
689 History:
|
|
|
690 histadd() add an item to a history
|
|
|
691 histdel() delete an item from a history
|
|
|
692 histget() get an item from a history
|
|
|
693 histnr() get highest index of a history list
|
|
|
694
|
|
|
695 Interactive:
|
|
|
696 confirm() let the user make a choice
|
|
|
697 getchar() get a character from the user
|
|
|
698 getcharmod() get modifiers for the last typed character
|
|
|
699 input() get a line from the user
|
|
|
700 inputsecret() get a line from the user without showing it
|
|
|
701 inputdialog() get a line from the user in a dialog
|
|
|
702 inputresave save and clear typeahead
|
|
|
703 inputrestore() restore typeahead
|
|
|
704
|
|
|
705 Vim server:
|
|
|
706 serverlist() return the list of server names
|
|
|
707 remote_send() send command characters to a Vim server
|
|
|
708 remote_expr() evaluate an expression in a Vim server
|
|
|
709 server2client() send a reply to a client of a Vim server
|
|
|
710 remote_peek() check if there is a reply from a Vim server
|
|
|
711 remote_read() read a reply from a Vim server
|
|
|
712 foreground() move the Vim window to the foreground
|
|
|
713 remote_foreground() move the Vim server window to the foreground
|
|
|
714
|
|
|
715 Various:
|
|
|
716 mode() get current editing mode
|
|
|
717 visualmode() last visual mode used
|
|
|
718 hasmapto() check if a mapping exists
|
|
|
719 mapcheck() check if a matching mapping exists
|
|
|
720 maparg() get rhs of a mapping
|
|
|
721 exists() check if a variable, function, etc. exists
|
|
|
722 has() check if a feature is supported in Vim
|
|
|
723 cscope_connection() check if a cscope connection exists
|
|
|
724 did_filetype() check if a FileType autocommand was used
|
|
|
725 eventhandler() check if invoked by an event handler
|
|
|
726 getwinposx() X position of the GUI Vim window
|
|
|
727 getwinposy() Y position of the GUI Vim window
|
|
|
728 winheight() get height of a specific window
|
|
|
729 winwidth() get width of a specific window
|
|
|
730 libcall() call a function in an external library
|
|
|
731 libcallnr() idem, returning a number
|
|
|
732 getreg() get contents of a register
|
|
|
733 getregtype() get type of a register
|
|
|
734 setreg() set contents and type of a register
|
|
|
735
|
|
|
736 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
737 *41.7* Defining a function
|
|
|
738
|
|
|
739 Vim enables you to define your own functions. The basic function declaration
|
|
|
740 begins as follows: >
|
|
|
741
|
|
|
742 :function {name}({var1}, {var2}, ...)
|
|
|
743 : {body}
|
|
|
744 :endfunction
|
|
|
745 <
|
|
|
746 Note:
|
|
|
747 Function names must begin with a capital letter.
|
|
|
748
|
|
|
749 Let's define a short function to return the smaller of two numbers. It starts
|
|
|
750 with this line: >
|
|
|
751
|
|
|
752 :function Min(num1, num2)
|
|
|
753
|
|
|
754 This tells Vim that the function is named "Min" and it takes two arguments:
|
|
|
755 "num1" and "num2".
|
|
|
756 The first thing you need to do is to check to see which number is smaller:
|
|
|
757 >
|
|
|
758 : if a:num1 < a:num2
|
|
|
759
|
|
|
760 The special prefix "a:" tells Vim that the variable is a function argument.
|
|
|
761 Let's assign the variable "smaller" the value of the smallest number: >
|
|
|
762
|
|
|
763 : if a:num1 < a:num2
|
|
|
764 : let smaller = a:num1
|
|
|
765 : else
|
|
|
766 : let smaller = a:num2
|
|
|
767 : endif
|
|
|
768
|
|
|
769 The variable "smaller" is a local variable. Variables used inside a function
|
|
|
770 are local unless prefixed by something like "g:", "a:", or "s:".
|
|
|
771
|
|
|
772 Note:
|
|
|
773 To access a global variable from inside a function you must prepend
|
|
|
774 "g:" to it. Thus "g:count" inside a function is used for the global
|
|
|
775 variable "count", and "count" is another variable, local to the
|
|
|
776 function.
|
|
|
777
|
|
|
778 You now use the ":return" statement to return the smallest number to the user.
|
|
|
779 Finally, you end the function: >
|
|
|
780
|
|
|
781 : return smaller
|
|
|
782 :endfunction
|
|
|
783
|
|
|
784 The complete function definition is as follows: >
|
|
|
785
|
|
|
786 :function Min(num1, num2)
|
|
|
787 : if a:num1 < a:num2
|
|
|
788 : let smaller = a:num1
|
|
|
789 : else
|
|
|
790 : let smaller = a:num2
|
|
|
791 : endif
|
|
|
792 : return smaller
|
|
|
793 :endfunction
|
|
|
794
|
|
|
795 A user defined function is called in exactly the same way as a builtin
|
|
|
796 function. Only the name is different. The Min function can be used like
|
|
|
797 this: >
|
|
|
798
|
|
|
799 :echo Min(5, 8)
|
|
|
800
|
|
|
801 Only now will the function be executed and the lines be interpreted by Vim.
|
|
|
802 If there are mistakes, like using an undefined variable or function, you will
|
|
|
803 now get an error message. When defining the function these errors are not
|
|
|
804 detected.
|
|
|
805
|
|
|
806 When a function reaches ":endfunction" or ":return" is used without an
|
|
|
807 argument, the function returns zero.
|
|
|
808
|
|
|
809 To redefine a function that already exists, use the ! for the ":function"
|
|
|
810 command: >
|
|
|
811
|
|
|
812 :function! Min(num1, num2, num3)
|
|
|
813
|
|
|
814
|
|
|
815 USING A RANGE
|
|
|
816
|
|
|
817 The ":call" command can be given a line range. This can have one of two
|
|
|
818 meanings. When a function has been defined with the "range" keyword, it will
|
|
|
819 take care of the line range itself.
|
|
|
820 The function will be passed the variables "a:firstline" and "a:lastline".
|
|
|
821 These will have the line numbers from the range the function was called with.
|
|
|
822 Example: >
|
|
|
823
|
|
|
824 :function Count_words() range
|
|
|
825 : let n = a:firstline
|
|
|
826 : let count = 0
|
|
|
827 : while n <= a:lastline
|
|
|
828 : let count = count + Wordcount(getline(n))
|
|
|
829 : let n = n + 1
|
|
|
830 : endwhile
|
|
|
831 : echo "found " . count . " words"
|
|
|
832 :endfunction
|
|
|
833
|
|
|
834 You can call this function with: >
|
|
|
835
|
|
|
836 :10,30call Count_words()
|
|
|
837
|
|
|
838 It will be executed once and echo the number of words.
|
|
|
839 The other way to use a line range is by defining a function without the
|
|
|
840 "range" keyword. The function will be called once for every line in the
|
|
|
841 range, with the cursor in that line. Example: >
|
|
|
842
|
|
|
843 :function Number()
|
|
|
844 : echo "line " . line(".") . " contains: " . getline(".")
|
|
|
845 :endfunction
|
|
|
846
|
|
|
847 If you call this function with: >
|
|
|
848
|
|
|
849 :10,15call Number()
|
|
|
850
|
|
|
851 The function will be called six times.
|
|
|
852
|
|
|
853
|
|
|
854 VARIABLE NUMBER OF ARGUMENTS
|
|
|
855
|
|
|
856 Vim enables you to define functions that have a variable number of arguments.
|
|
|
857 The following command, for instance, defines a function that must have 1
|
|
|
858 argument (start) and can have up to 20 additional arguments: >
|
|
|
859
|
|
|
860 :function Show(start, ...)
|
|
|
861
|
|
|
862 The variable "a:1" contains the first optional argument, "a:2" the second, and
|
|
|
863 so on. The variable "a:0" contains the number of extra arguments.
|
|
|
864 For example: >
|
|
|
865
|
|
|
866 :function Show(start, ...)
|
|
|
867 : echohl Title
|
|
|
868 : echo "Show is " . a:start
|
|
|
869 : echohl None
|
|
|
870 : let index = 1
|
|
|
871 : while index <= a:0
|
|
|
872 : echo " Arg " . index . " is " . a:{index}
|
|
|
873 : let index = index + 1
|
|
|
874 : endwhile
|
|
|
875 : echo ""
|
|
|
876 :endfunction
|
|
|
877
|
|
|
878 This uses the ":echohl" command to specify the highlighting used for the
|
|
|
879 following ":echo" command. ":echohl None" stops it again. The ":echon"
|
|
|
880 command works like ":echo", but doesn't output a line break.
|
|
|
881
|
|
|
882
|
|
|
883 LISTING FUNCTIONS
|
|
|
884
|
|
|
885 The ":function" command lists the names and arguments of all user-defined
|
|
|
886 functions: >
|
|
|
887
|
|
|
888 :function
|
|
|
889 < function Show(start, ...) ~
|
|
|
890 function GetVimIndent() ~
|
|
|
891 function SetSyn(name) ~
|
|
|
892
|
|
|
893 To see what a function does, use its name as an argument for ":function": >
|
|
|
894
|
|
|
895 :function SetSyn
|
|
|
896 < 1 if &syntax == '' ~
|
|
|
897 2 let &syntax = a:name ~
|
|
|
898 3 endif ~
|
|
|
899 endfunction ~
|
|
|
900
|
|
|
901
|
|
|
902 DEBUGGING
|
|
|
903
|
|
|
904 The line number is useful for when you get an error message or when debugging.
|
|
|
905 See |debug-scripts| about debugging mode.
|
|
|
906 You can also set the 'verbose' option to 12 or higher to see all function
|
|
|
907 calls. Set it to 15 or higher to see every executed line.
|
|
|
908
|
|
|
909
|
|
|
910 DELETING A FUNCTION
|
|
|
911
|
|
|
912 To delete the Show() function: >
|
|
|
913
|
|
|
914 :delfunction Show
|
|
|
915
|
|
|
916 You get an error when the function doesn't exist.
|
|
|
917
|
|
|
918 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
919 *41.8* Exceptions
|
|
|
920
|
|
|
921 Let's start with an example: >
|
|
|
922
|
|
|
923 :try
|
|
|
924 : read ~/templates/pascal.tmpl
|
|
|
925 :catch /E484:/
|
|
|
926 : echo "Sorry, the Pascal template file cannot be found."
|
|
|
927 :endtry
|
|
|
928
|
|
|
929 The ":read" command will fail if the file does not exist. Instead of
|
|
|
930 generating an error message, this code catches the error and gives the user a
|
|
|
931 nice message instead.
|
|
|
932
|
|
|
933 For the commands in between ":try" and ":endtry" errors are turned into
|
|
|
934 exceptions. An exception is a string. In the case of an error the string
|
|
|
935 contains the error message. And every error message has a number. In this
|
|
|
936 case, the error we catch contains "E484:". This number is guaranteed to stay
|
|
|
937 the same (the text may change, e.g., it may be translated).
|
|
|
938
|
|
|
939 When the ":read" command causes another error, the pattern "E484:" will not
|
|
|
940 match in it. Thus this exception will not be caught and result in the usual
|
|
|
941 error message.
|
|
|
942
|
|
|
943 You might be tempted to do this: >
|
|
|
944
|
|
|
945 :try
|
|
|
946 : read ~/templates/pascal.tmpl
|
|
|
947 :catch
|
|
|
948 : echo "Sorry, the Pascal template file cannot be found."
|
|
|
949 :endtry
|
|
|
950
|
|
|
951 This means all errors are caught. But then you will not see errors that are
|
|
|
952 useful, such as "E21: Cannot make changes, 'modifiable' is off".
|
|
|
953
|
|
|
954 Another useful mechanism is the ":finally" command: >
|
|
|
955
|
|
|
956 :let tmp = tempname()
|
|
|
957 :try
|
|
|
958 : exe ".,$write " . tmp
|
|
|
959 : exe "!filter " . tmp
|
|
|
960 : .,$delete
|
|
|
961 : exe "$read " . tmp
|
|
|
962 :finally
|
|
|
963 : call delete(tmp)
|
|
|
964 :endtry
|
|
|
965
|
|
|
966 This filters the lines from the cursor until the end of the file through the
|
|
|
967 "filter" command, which takes a file name argument. No matter if the
|
|
|
968 filtering works, something goes wrong in between ":try" and ":finally" or the
|
|
|
969 user cancels the filtering by pressing CTRL-C, the "call delete(tmp)" is
|
|
|
970 always executed. This makes sure you don't leave the temporary file behind.
|
|
|
971
|
|
|
972 More information about exception handling can be found in the reference
|
|
|
973 manual: |exception-handling|.
|
|
|
974
|
|
|
975 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
976 *41.9* Various remarks
|
|
|
977
|
|
|
978 Here is a summary of items that apply to Vim scripts. They are also mentioned
|
|
|
979 elsewhere, but form a nice checklist.
|
|
|
980
|
|
|
981 The end-of-line character depends on the system. For Unix a single <NL>
|
|
|
982 character is used. For MS-DOS, Windows, OS/2 and the like, <CR><LF> is used.
|
|
|
983 This is important when using mappings that end in a <CR>. See |:source_crnl|.
|
|
|
984
|
|
|
985
|
|
|
986 WHITE SPACE
|
|
|
987
|
|
|
988 Blank lines are allowed and ignored.
|
|
|
989
|
|
|
990 Leading whitespace characters (blanks and TABs) are always ignored. The
|
|
|
991 whitespaces between parameters (e.g. between the 'set' and the 'cpoptions' in
|
|
|
992 the example below) are reduced to one blank character and plays the role of a
|
|
|
993 separator, the whitespaces after the last (visible) character may or may not
|
|
|
994 be ignored depending on the situation, see below.
|
|
|
995
|
|
|
996 For a ":set" command involving the "=" (equal) sign, such as in: >
|
|
|
997
|
|
|
998 :set cpoptions =aABceFst
|
|
|
999
|
|
|
1000 the whitespace immediately before the "=" sign is ignored. But there can be
|
|
|
1001 no whitespace after the "=" sign!
|
|
|
1002
|
|
|
1003 To include a whitespace character in the value of an option, it must be
|
|
|
1004 escaped by a "\" (backslash) as in the following example: >
|
|
|
1005
|
|
|
1006 :set tags=my\ nice\ file
|
|
|
1007
|
|
|
1008 The same example written as >
|
|
|
1009
|
|
|
1010 :set tags=my nice file
|
|
|
1011
|
|
|
1012 will issue an error, because it is interpreted as: >
|
|
|
1013
|
|
|
1014 :set tags=my
|
|
|
1015 :set nice
|
|
|
1016 :set file
|
|
|
1017
|
|
|
1018
|
|
|
1019 COMMENTS
|
|
|
1020
|
|
|
1021 The character " (the double quote mark) starts a comment. Everything after
|
|
|
1022 and including this character until the end-of-line is considered a comment and
|
|
|
1023 is ignored, except for commands that don't consider comments, as shown in
|
|
|
1024 examples below. A comment can start on any character position on the line.
|
|
|
1025
|
|
|
1026 There is a little "catch" with comments for some commands. Examples: >
|
|
|
1027
|
|
|
1028 :abbrev dev development " shorthand
|
|
|
1029 :map <F3> o#include " insert include
|
|
|
1030 :execute cmd " do it
|
|
|
1031 :!ls *.c " list C files
|
|
|
1032
|
|
|
1033 The abbreviation 'dev' will be expanded to 'development " shorthand'. The
|
|
|
1034 mapping of <F3> will actually be the whole line after the 'o# ....' including
|
|
|
1035 the '" insert include'. The "execute" command will give an error. The "!"
|
|
|
1036 command will send everything after it to the shell, causing an error for an
|
|
|
1037 unmatched '"' character.
|
|
|
1038 There can be no comment after ":map", ":abbreviate", ":execute" and "!"
|
|
|
1039 commands (there are a few more commands with this restriction). For the
|
|
|
1040 ":map", ":abbreviate" and ":execute" commands there is a trick: >
|
|
|
1041
|
|
|
1042 :abbrev dev development|" shorthand
|
|
|
1043 :map <F3> o#include|" insert include
|
|
|
1044 :execute cmd |" do it
|
|
|
1045
|
|
|
1046 With the '|' character the command is separated from the next one. And that
|
|
|
1047 next command is only a comment.
|
|
|
1048
|
|
|
1049 Notice that there is no white space before the '|' in the abbreviation and
|
|
|
1050 mapping. For these commands, any character until the end-of-line or '|' is
|
|
|
1051 included. As a consequence of this behavior, you don't always see that
|
|
|
1052 trailing whitespace is included: >
|
|
|
1053
|
|
|
1054 :map <F4> o#include
|
|
|
1055
|
|
|
1056 To avoid these problems, you can set the 'list' option when editing vimrc
|
|
|
1057 files.
|
|
|
1058
|
|
|
1059
|
|
|
1060 PITFALLS
|
|
|
1061
|
|
|
1062 Even bigger problem arises in the following example: >
|
|
|
1063
|
|
|
1064 :map ,ab o#include
|
|
|
1065 :unmap ,ab
|
|
|
1066
|
|
|
1067 Here the unmap command will not work, because it tries to unmap ",ab ". This
|
|
|
1068 does not exist as a mapped sequence. An error will be issued, which is very
|
|
|
1069 hard to identify, because the ending whitespace character in ":unmap ,ab " is
|
|
|
1070 not visible.
|
|
|
1071
|
|
|
1072 And this is the same as what happens when one uses a comment after an 'unmap'
|
|
|
1073 command: >
|
|
|
1074
|
|
|
1075 :unmap ,ab " comment
|
|
|
1076
|
|
|
1077 Here the comment part will be ignored. However, Vim will try to unmap
|
|
|
1078 ',ab ', which does not exist. Rewrite it as: >
|
|
|
1079
|
|
|
1080 :unmap ,ab| " comment
|
|
|
1081
|
|
|
1082
|
|
|
1083 RESTORING THE VIEW
|
|
|
1084
|
|
|
1085 Sometimes you want to make a change and go back to where cursor was.
|
|
|
1086 Restoring the relative position would also be nice, so that the same line
|
|
|
1087 appears at the top of the window.
|
|
|
1088 This example yanks the current line, puts it above the first line in the
|
|
|
1089 file and then restores the view: >
|
|
|
1090
|
|
|
1091 map ,p ma"aYHmbgg"aP`bzt`a
|
|
|
1092
|
|
|
1093 What this does: >
|
|
|
1094 ma"aYHmbgg"aP`bzt`a
|
|
|
1095 < ma set mark a at cursor position
|
|
|
1096 "aY yank current line into register a
|
|
|
1097 Hmb go to top line in window and set mark b there
|
|
|
1098 gg go to first line in file
|
|
|
1099 "aP put the yanked line above it
|
|
|
1100 `b go back to top line in display
|
|
|
1101 zt position the text in the window as before
|
|
|
1102 `a go back to saved cursor position
|
|
|
1103
|
|
|
1104
|
|
|
1105 PACKAGING
|
|
|
1106
|
|
|
1107 To avoid your function names to interfere with functions that you get from
|
|
|
1108 others, use this scheme:
|
|
|
1109 - Prepend a unique string before each function name. I often use an
|
|
|
1110 abbreviation. For example, "OW_" is used for the option window functions.
|
|
|
1111 - Put the definition of your functions together in a file. Set a global
|
|
|
1112 variable to indicate that the functions have been loaded. When sourcing the
|
|
|
1113 file again, first unload the functions.
|
|
|
1114 Example: >
|
|
|
1115
|
|
|
1116 " This is the XXX package
|
|
|
1117
|
|
|
1118 if exists("XXX_loaded")
|
|
|
1119 delfun XXX_one
|
|
|
1120 delfun XXX_two
|
|
|
1121 endif
|
|
|
1122
|
|
|
1123 function XXX_one(a)
|
|
|
1124 ... body of function ...
|
|
|
1125 endfun
|
|
|
1126
|
|
|
1127 function XXX_two(b)
|
|
|
1128 ... body of function ...
|
|
|
1129 endfun
|
|
|
1130
|
|
|
1131 let XXX_loaded = 1
|
|
|
1132
|
|
|
1133 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
1134 *41.10* Writing a plugin *write-plugin*
|
|
|
1135
|
|
|
1136 You can write a Vim script in such a way that many people can use it. This is
|
|
|
1137 called a plugin. Vim users can drop your script in their plugin directory and
|
|
|
1138 use its features right away |add-plugin|.
|
|
|
1139
|
|
|
1140 There are actually two types of plugins:
|
|
|
1141
|
|
|
1142 global plugins: For all types of files.
|
|
|
1143 filetype plugins: Only for files of a specific type.
|
|
|
1144
|
|
|
1145 In this section the first type is explained. Most items are also relevant for
|
|
|
1146 writing filetype plugins. The specifics for filetype plugins are in the next
|
|
|
1147 section |write-filetype-plugin|.
|
|
|
1148
|
|
|
1149
|
|
|
1150 NAME
|
|
|
1151
|
|
|
1152 First of all you must choose a name for your plugin. The features provided
|
|
|
1153 by the plugin should be clear from its name. And it should be unlikely that
|
|
|
1154 someone else writes a plugin with the same name but which does something
|
|
|
1155 different. And please limit the name to 8 characters, to avoid problems on
|
|
|
1156 old Windows systems.
|
|
|
1157
|
|
|
1158 A script that corrects typing mistakes could be called "typecorr.vim". We
|
|
|
1159 will use it here as an example.
|
|
|
1160
|
|
|
1161 For the plugin to work for everybody, it should follow a few guidelines. This
|
|
|
1162 will be explained step-by-step. The complete example plugin is at the end.
|
|
|
1163
|
|
|
1164
|
|
|
1165 BODY
|
|
|
1166
|
|
|
1167 Let's start with the body of the plugin, the lines that do the actual work: >
|
|
|
1168
|
|
|
1169 14 iabbrev teh the
|
|
|
1170 15 iabbrev otehr other
|
|
|
1171 16 iabbrev wnat want
|
|
|
1172 17 iabbrev synchronisation
|
|
|
1173 18 \ synchronization
|
|
|
1174 19 let s:count = 4
|
|
|
1175
|
|
|
1176 The actual list should be much longer, of course.
|
|
|
1177
|
|
|
1178 The line numbers have only been added to explain a few things, don't put them
|
|
|
1179 in your plugin file!
|
|
|
1180
|
|
|
1181
|
|
|
1182 HEADER
|
|
|
1183
|
|
|
1184 You will probably add new corrections to the plugin and soon have several
|
|
|
1185 versions laying around. And when distributing this file, people will want to
|
|
|
1186 know who wrote this wonderful plugin and where they can send remarks.
|
|
|
1187 Therefore, put a header at the top of your plugin: >
|
|
|
1188
|
|
|
1189 1 " Vim global plugin for correcting typing mistakes
|
|
|
1190 2 " Last Change: 2000 Oct 15
|
|
|
1191 3 " Maintainer: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
|
|
|
1192
|
|
|
1193 About copyright and licensing: Since plugins are very useful and it's hardly
|
|
|
1194 worth restricting their distribution, please consider making your plugin
|
|
|
1195 either public domain or use the Vim |license|. A short note about this near
|
|
|
1196 the top of the plugin should be sufficient. Example: >
|
|
|
1197
|
|
|
1198 4 " License: This file is placed in the public domain.
|
|
|
1199
|
|
|
1200
|
|
|
1201 LINE CONTINUATION, AVOIDING SIDE EFFECTS *use-cpo-save*
|
|
|
1202
|
|
|
1203 In line 18 above, the line-continuation mechanism is used |line-continuation|.
|
|
|
1204 Users with 'compatible' set will run into trouble here, they will get an error
|
|
|
1205 message. We can't just reset 'compatible', because that has a lot of side
|
|
|
1206 effects. To avoid this, we will set the 'cpoptions' option to its Vim default
|
|
|
1207 value and restore it later. That will allow the use of line-continuation and
|
|
|
1208 make the script work for most people. It is done like this: >
|
|
|
1209
|
|
|
1210 11 let s:save_cpo = &cpo
|
|
|
1211 12 set cpo&vim
|
|
|
1212 ..
|
|
|
1213 42 let &cpo = s:save_cpo
|
|
|
1214
|
|
|
1215 We first store the old value of 'cpoptions' in the s:save_cpo variable. At
|
|
|
1216 the end of the plugin this value is restored.
|
|
|
1217
|
|
|
1218 Notice that a script-local variable is used |s:var|. A global variable could
|
|
|
1219 already be in use for something else. Always use script-local variables for
|
|
|
1220 things that are only used in the script.
|
|
|
1221
|
|
|
1222
|
|
|
1223 NOT LOADING
|
|
|
1224
|
|
|
1225 It's possible that a user doesn't always want to load this plugin. Or the
|
|
|
1226 system administrator has dropped it in the system-wide plugin directory, but a
|
|
|
1227 user has his own plugin he wants to use. Then the user must have a chance to
|
|
|
1228 disable loading this specific plugin. This will make it possible: >
|
|
|
1229
|
|
|
1230 6 if exists("loaded_typecorr")
|
|
|
1231 7 finish
|
|
|
1232 8 endif
|
|
|
1233 9 let loaded_typecorr = 1
|
|
|
1234
|
|
|
1235 This also avoids that when the script is loaded twice it would cause error
|
|
|
1236 messages for redefining functions and cause trouble for autocommands that are
|
|
|
1237 added twice.
|
|
|
1238
|
|
|
1239
|
|
|
1240 MAPPING
|
|
|
1241
|
|
|
1242 Now let's make the plugin more interesting: We will add a mapping that adds a
|
|
|
1243 correction for the word under the cursor. We could just pick a key sequence
|
|
|
1244 for this mapping, but the user might already use it for something else. To
|
|
|
1245 allow the user to define which keys a mapping in a plugin uses, the <Leader>
|
|
|
1246 item can be used: >
|
|
|
1247
|
|
|
1248 22 map <unique> <Leader>a <Plug>TypecorrAdd
|
|
|
1249
|
|
|
1250 The "<Plug>TypecorrAdd" thing will do the work, more about that further on.
|
|
|
1251
|
|
|
1252 The user can set the "mapleader" variable to the key sequence that he wants
|
|
|
1253 this mapping to start with. Thus if the user has done: >
|
|
|
1254
|
|
|
1255 let mapleader = "_"
|
|
|
1256
|
|
|
1257 the mapping will define "_a". If the user didn't do this, the default value
|
|
|
1258 will be used, which is a backslash. Then a map for "\a" will be defined.
|
|
|
1259
|
|
|
1260 Note that <unique> is used, this will cause an error message if the mapping
|
|
|
1261 already happened to exist. |:map-<unique>|
|
|
|
1262
|
|
|
1263 But what if the user wants to define his own key sequence? We can allow that
|
|
|
1264 with this mechanism: >
|
|
|
1265
|
|
|
1266 21 if !hasmapto('<Plug>TypecorrAdd')
|
|
|
1267 22 map <unique> <Leader>a <Plug>TypecorrAdd
|
|
|
1268 23 endif
|
|
|
1269
|
|
|
1270 This checks if a mapping to "<Plug>TypecorrAdd" already exists, and only
|
|
|
1271 defines the mapping from "<Leader>a" if it doesn't. The user then has a
|
|
|
1272 chance of putting this in his vimrc file: >
|
|
|
1273
|
|
|
1274 map ,c <Plug>TypecorrAdd
|
|
|
1275
|
|
|
1276 Then the mapped key sequence will be ",c" instead of "_a" or "\a".
|
|
|
1277
|
|
|
1278
|
|
|
1279 PIECES
|
|
|
1280
|
|
|
1281 If a script gets longer, you often want to break up the work in pieces. You
|
|
|
1282 can use functions or mappings for this. But you don't want these functions
|
|
|
1283 and mappings to interfere with the ones from other scripts. For example, you
|
|
|
1284 could define a function Add(), but another script could try to define the same
|
|
|
1285 function. To avoid this, we define the function local to the script by
|
|
|
1286 prepending it with "s:".
|
|
|
1287
|
|
|
1288 We will define a function that adds a new typing correction: >
|
|
|
1289
|
|
|
1290 30 function s:Add(from, correct)
|
|
|
1291 31 let to = input("type the correction for " . a:from . ": ")
|
|
|
1292 32 exe ":iabbrev " . a:from . " " . to
|
|
|
1293 ..
|
|
|
1294 36 endfunction
|
|
|
1295
|
|
|
1296 Now we can call the function s:Add() from within this script. If another
|
|
|
1297 script also defines s:Add(), it will be local to that script and can only
|
|
|
1298 be called from the script it was defined in. There can also be a global Add()
|
|
|
1299 function (without the "s:"), which is again another function.
|
|
|
1300
|
|
|
1301 <SID> can be used with mappings. It generates a script ID, which identifies
|
|
|
1302 the current script. In our typing correction plugin we use it like this: >
|
|
|
1303
|
|
|
1304 24 noremap <unique> <script> <Plug>TypecorrAdd <SID>Add
|
|
|
1305 ..
|
|
|
1306 28 noremap <SID>Add :call <SID>Add(expand("<cword>"), 1)<CR>
|
|
|
1307
|
|
|
1308 Thus when a user types "\a", this sequence is invoked: >
|
|
|
1309
|
|
|
1310 \a -> <Plug>TypecorrAdd -> <SID>Add -> :call <SID>Add()
|
|
|
1311
|
|
|
1312 If another script would also map <SID>Add, it would get another script ID and
|
|
|
1313 thus define another mapping.
|
|
|
1314
|
|
|
1315 Note that instead of s:Add() we use <SID>Add() here. That is because the
|
|
|
1316 mapping is typed by the user, thus outside of the script. The <SID> is
|
|
|
1317 translated to the script ID, so that Vim knows in which script to look for
|
|
|
1318 the Add() function.
|
|
|
1319
|
|
|
1320 This is a bit complicated, but it's required for the plugin to work together
|
|
|
1321 with other plugins. The basic rule is that you use <SID>Add() in mappings and
|
|
|
1322 s:Add() in other places (the script itself, autocommands, user commands).
|
|
|
1323
|
|
|
1324 We can also add a menu entry to do the same as the mapping: >
|
|
|
1325
|
|
|
1326 26 noremenu <script> Plugin.Add\ Correction <SID>Add
|
|
|
1327
|
|
|
1328 The "Plugin" menu is recommended for adding menu items for plugins. In this
|
|
|
1329 case only one item is used. When adding more items, creating a submenu is
|
|
|
1330 recommended. For example, "Plugin.CVS" could be used for a plugin that offers
|
|
|
1331 CVS operations "Plugin.CVS.checkin", "Plugin.CVS.checkout", etc.
|
|
|
1332
|
|
|
1333 Note that in line 28 ":noremap" is used to avoid that any other mappings cause
|
|
|
1334 trouble. Someone may have remapped ":call", for example. In line 24 we also
|
|
|
1335 use ":noremap", but we do want "<SID>Add" to be remapped. This is why
|
|
|
1336 "<script>" is used here. This only allows mappings which are local to the
|
|
|
1337 script. |:map-<script>| The same is done in line 26 for ":noremenu".
|
|
|
1338 |:menu-<script>|
|
|
|
1339
|
|
|
1340
|
|
|
1341 <SID> AND <Plug> *using-<Plug>*
|
|
|
1342
|
|
|
1343 Both <SID> and <Plug> are used to avoid that mappings of typed keys interfere
|
|
|
1344 with mappings that are only to be used from other mappings. Note the
|
|
|
1345 difference between using <SID> and <Plug>:
|
|
|
1346
|
|
|
1347 <Plug> is visible outside of the script. It is used for mappings which the
|
|
|
1348 user might want to map a key sequence to. <Plug> is a special code
|
|
|
1349 that a typed key will never produce.
|
|
|
1350 To make it very unlikely that other plugins use the same sequence of
|
|
|
1351 characters, use this structure: <Plug> scriptname mapname
|
|
|
1352 In our example the scriptname is "Typecorr" and the mapname is "Add".
|
|
|
1353 This results in "<Plug>TypecorrAdd". Only the first character of
|
|
|
1354 scriptname and mapname is uppercase, so that we can see where mapname
|
|
|
1355 starts.
|
|
|
1356
|
|
|
1357 <SID> is the script ID, a unique identifier for a script.
|
|
|
1358 Internally Vim translates <SID> to "<SNR>123_", where "123" can be any
|
|
|
1359 number. Thus a function "<SID>Add()" will have a name "<SNR>11_Add()"
|
|
|
1360 in one script, and "<SNR>22_Add()" in another. You can see this if
|
|
|
1361 you use the ":function" command to get a list of functions. The
|
|
|
1362 translation of <SID> in mappings is exactly the same, that's how you
|
|
|
1363 can call a script-local function from a mapping.
|
|
|
1364
|
|
|
1365
|
|
|
1366 USER COMMAND
|
|
|
1367
|
|
|
1368 Now let's add a user command to add a correction: >
|
|
|
1369
|
|
|
1370 38 if !exists(":Correct")
|
|
|
1371 39 command -nargs=1 Correct :call s:Add(<q-args>, 0)
|
|
|
1372 40 endif
|
|
|
1373
|
|
|
1374 The user command is defined only if no command with the same name already
|
|
|
1375 exists. Otherwise we would get an error here. Overriding the existing user
|
|
|
1376 command with ":command!" is not a good idea, this would probably make the user
|
|
|
1377 wonder why the command he defined himself doesn't work. |:command|
|
|
|
1378
|
|
|
1379
|
|
|
1380 SCRIPT VARIABLES
|
|
|
1381
|
|
|
1382 When a variable starts with "s:" it is a script variable. It can only be used
|
|
|
1383 inside a script. Outside the script it's not visible. This avoids trouble
|
|
|
1384 with using the same variable name in different scripts. The variables will be
|
|
|
1385 kept as long as Vim is running. And the same variables are used when sourcing
|
|
|
1386 the same script again. |s:var|
|
|
|
1387
|
|
|
1388 The fun is that these variables can also be used in functions, autocommands
|
|
|
1389 and user commands that are defined in the script. In our example we can add
|
|
|
1390 a few lines to count the number of corrections: >
|
|
|
1391
|
|
|
1392 19 let s:count = 4
|
|
|
1393 ..
|
|
|
1394 30 function s:Add(from, correct)
|
|
|
1395 ..
|
|
|
1396 34 let s:count = s:count + 1
|
|
|
1397 35 echo s:count . " corrections now"
|
|
|
1398 36 endfunction
|
|
|
1399
|
|
|
1400 First s:count is initialized to 4 in the script itself. When later the
|
|
|
1401 s:Add() function is called, it increments s:count. It doesn't matter from
|
|
|
1402 where the function was called, since it has been defined in the script, it
|
|
|
1403 will use the local variables from this script.
|
|
|
1404
|
|
|
1405
|
|
|
1406 THE RESULT
|
|
|
1407
|
|
|
1408 Here is the resulting complete example: >
|
|
|
1409
|
|
|
1410 1 " Vim global plugin for correcting typing mistakes
|
|
|
1411 2 " Last Change: 2000 Oct 15
|
|
|
1412 3 " Maintainer: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
|
|
|
1413 4 " License: This file is placed in the public domain.
|
|
|
1414 5
|
|
|
1415 6 if exists("loaded_typecorr")
|
|
|
1416 7 finish
|
|
|
1417 8 endif
|
|
|
1418 9 let loaded_typecorr = 1
|
|
|
1419 10
|
|
|
1420 11 let s:save_cpo = &cpo
|
|
|
1421 12 set cpo&vim
|
|
|
1422 13
|
|
|
1423 14 iabbrev teh the
|
|
|
1424 15 iabbrev otehr other
|
|
|
1425 16 iabbrev wnat want
|
|
|
1426 17 iabbrev synchronisation
|
|
|
1427 18 \ synchronization
|
|
|
1428 19 let s:count = 4
|
|
|
1429 20
|
|
|
1430 21 if !hasmapto('<Plug>TypecorrAdd')
|
|
|
1431 22 map <unique> <Leader>a <Plug>TypecorrAdd
|
|
|
1432 23 endif
|
|
|
1433 24 noremap <unique> <script> <Plug>TypecorrAdd <SID>Add
|
|
|
1434 25
|
|
|
1435 26 noremenu <script> Plugin.Add\ Correction <SID>Add
|
|
|
1436 27
|
|
|
1437 28 noremap <SID>Add :call <SID>Add(expand("<cword>"), 1)<CR>
|
|
|
1438 29
|
|
|
1439 30 function s:Add(from, correct)
|
|
|
1440 31 let to = input("type the correction for " . a:from . ": ")
|
|
|
1441 32 exe ":iabbrev " . a:from . " " . to
|
|
|
1442 33 if a:correct | exe "normal viws\<C-R>\" \b\e" | endif
|
|
|
1443 34 let s:count = s:count + 1
|
|
|
1444 35 echo s:count . " corrections now"
|
|
|
1445 36 endfunction
|
|
|
1446 37
|
|
|
1447 38 if !exists(":Correct")
|
|
|
1448 39 command -nargs=1 Correct :call s:Add(<q-args>, 0)
|
|
|
1449 40 endif
|
|
|
1450 41
|
|
|
1451 42 let &cpo = s:save_cpo
|
|
|
1452
|
|
|
1453 Line 33 wasn't explained yet. It applies the new correction to the word under
|
|
|
1454 the cursor. The |:normal| command is used to use the new abbreviation. Note
|
|
|
1455 that mappings and abbreviations are expanded here, even though the function
|
|
|
1456 was called from a mapping defined with ":noremap".
|
|
|
1457
|
|
|
1458 Using "unix" for the 'fileformat' option is recommended. The Vim scripts will
|
|
|
1459 then work everywhere. Scripts with 'fileformat' set to "dos" do not work on
|
|
|
1460 Unix. Also see |:source_crnl|. To be sure it is set right, do this before
|
|
|
1461 writing the file: >
|
|
|
1462
|
|
|
1463 :set fileformat=unix
|
|
|
1464
|
|
|
1465
|
|
|
1466 DOCUMENTATION *write-local-help*
|
|
|
1467
|
|
|
1468 It's a good idea to also write some documentation for your plugin. Especially
|
|
|
1469 when its behavior can be changed by the user. See |add-local-help| for how
|
|
|
1470 they are installed.
|
|
|
1471
|
|
|
1472 Here is a simple example for a plugin help file, called "typecorr.txt": >
|
|
|
1473
|
|
|
1474 1 *typecorr.txt* Plugin for correcting typing mistakes
|
|
|
1475 2
|
|
|
1476 3 If you make typing mistakes, this plugin will have them corrected
|
|
|
1477 4 automatically.
|
|
|
1478 5
|
|
|
1479 6 There are currently only a few corrections. Add your own if you like.
|
|
|
1480 7
|
|
|
1481 8 Mappings:
|
|
|
1482 9 <Leader>a or <Plug>TypecorrAdd
|
|
|
1483 10 Add a correction for the word under the cursor.
|
|
|
1484 11
|
|
|
1485 12 Commands:
|
|
|
1486 13 :Correct {word}
|
|
|
1487 14 Add a correction for {word}.
|
|
|
1488 15
|
|
|
1489 16 *typecorr-settings*
|
|
|
1490 17 This plugin doesn't have any settings.
|
|
|
1491
|
|
|
1492 The first line is actually the only one for which the format matters. It will
|
|
|
1493 be extracted from the help file to be put in the "LOCAL ADDITIONS:" section of
|
|
|
1494 help.txt |local-additions|. The first "*" must be in the first column of the
|
|
|
1495 first line. After adding your help file do ":help" and check that the entries
|
|
|
1496 line up nicely.
|
|
|
1497
|
|
|
1498 You can add more tags inside ** in your help file. But be careful not to use
|
|
|
1499 existing help tags. You would probably use the name of your plugin in most of
|
|
|
1500 them, like "typecorr-settings" in the example.
|
|
|
1501
|
|
|
1502 Using references to other parts of the help in || is recommended. This makes
|
|
|
1503 it easy for the user to find associated help.
|
|
|
1504
|
|
|
1505
|
|
|
1506 FILETYPE DETECTION *plugin-filetype*
|
|
|
1507
|
|
|
1508 If your filetype is not already detected by Vim, you should create a filetype
|
|
|
1509 detection snippet in a separate file. It is usually in the form of an
|
|
|
1510 autocommand that sets the filetype when the file name matches a pattern.
|
|
|
1511 Example: >
|
|
|
1512
|
|
|
1513 au BufNewFile,BufRead *.foo set filetype=foofoo
|
|
|
1514
|
|
|
1515 Write this single-line file as "ftdetect/foofoo.vim" in the first directory
|
|
|
1516 that appears in 'runtimepath'. For Unix that would be
|
|
|
1517 "~/.vim/ftdetect/foofoo.vim". The convention is to use the name of the
|
|
|
1518 filetype for the script name.
|
|
|
1519
|
|
|
1520 You can make more complicated checks if you like, for example to inspect the
|
|
|
1521 contents of the file to recognize the language. Also see |new-filetype|.
|
|
|
1522
|
|
|
1523
|
|
|
1524 SUMMARY *plugin-special*
|
|
|
1525
|
|
|
1526 Summary of special things to use in a plugin:
|
|
|
1527
|
|
|
1528 s:name Variables local to the script.
|
|
|
1529
|
|
|
1530 <SID> Script-ID, used for mappings and functions local to
|
|
|
1531 the script.
|
|
|
1532
|
|
|
1533 hasmapto() Function to test if the user already defined a mapping
|
|
|
1534 for functionality the script offers.
|
|
|
1535
|
|
|
1536 <Leader> Value of "mapleader", which the user defines as the
|
|
|
1537 keys that plugin mappings start with.
|
|
|
1538
|
|
|
1539 :map <unique> Give a warning if a mapping already exists.
|
|
|
1540
|
|
|
1541 :noremap <script> Use only mappings local to the script, not global
|
|
|
1542 mappings.
|
|
|
1543
|
|
|
1544 exists(":Cmd") Check if a user command already exists.
|
|
|
1545
|
|
|
1546 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
1547 *41.11* Writing a filetype plugin *write-filetype-plugin* *ftplugin*
|
|
|
1548
|
|
|
1549 A filetype plugin is like a global plugin, except that it sets options and
|
|
|
1550 defines mappings for the current buffer only. See |add-filetype-plugin| for
|
|
|
1551 how this type of plugin is used.
|
|
|
1552
|
|
|
1553 First read the section on global plugins above |41.10|. All that is said there
|
|
|
1554 also applies to filetype plugins. There are a few extras, which are explained
|
|
|
1555 here. The essential thing is that a filetype plugin should only have an
|
|
|
1556 effect on the current buffer.
|
|
|
1557
|
|
|
1558
|
|
|
1559 DISABLING
|
|
|
1560
|
|
|
1561 If you are writing a filetype plugin to be used by many people, they need a
|
|
|
1562 chance to disable loading it. Put this at the top of the plugin: >
|
|
|
1563
|
|
|
1564 " Only do this when not done yet for this buffer
|
|
|
1565 if exists("b:did_ftplugin")
|
|
|
1566 finish
|
|
|
1567 endif
|
|
|
1568 let b:did_ftplugin = 1
|
|
|
1569
|
|
|
1570 This also needs to be used to avoid that the same plugin is executed twice for
|
|
|
1571 the same buffer (happens when using an ":edit" command without arguments).
|
|
|
1572
|
|
|
1573 Now users can disable loading the default plugin completely by making a
|
|
|
1574 filetype plugin with only this line: >
|
|
|
1575
|
|
|
1576 let b:did_ftplugin = 1
|
|
|
1577
|
|
|
1578 This does require that the filetype plugin directory comes before $VIMRUNTIME
|
|
|
1579 in 'runtimepath'!
|
|
|
1580
|
|
|
1581 If you do want to use the default plugin, but overrule one of the settings,
|
|
|
1582 you can write the different setting in a script: >
|
|
|
1583
|
|
|
1584 setlocal textwidth=70
|
|
|
1585
|
|
|
1586 Now write this in the "after" directory, so that it gets sourced after the
|
|
|
1587 distributed "vim.vim" ftplugin |after-directory|. For Unix this would be
|
|
|
1588 "~/.vim/after/ftplugin/vim.vim". Note that the default plugin will have set
|
|
|
1589 "b:did_ftplugin", but it is ignored here.
|
|
|
1590
|
|
|
1591
|
|
|
1592 OPTIONS
|
|
|
1593
|
|
|
1594 To make sure the filetype plugin only affects the current buffer use the >
|
|
|
1595
|
|
|
1596 :setlocal
|
|
|
1597
|
|
|
1598 command to set options. And only set options which are local to a buffer (see
|
|
|
1599 the help for the option to check that). When using |:setlocal| for global
|
|
|
1600 options or options local to a window, the value will change for many buffers,
|
|
|
1601 and that is not what a filetype plugin should do.
|
|
|
1602
|
|
|
1603 When an option has a value that is a list of flags or items, consider using
|
|
|
1604 "+=" and "-=" to keep the existing value. Be aware that the user may have
|
|
|
1605 changed an option value already. First resetting to the default value and
|
|
|
1606 then changing it often a good idea. Example: >
|
|
|
1607
|
|
|
1608 :setlocal formatoptions& formatoptions+=ro
|
|
|
1609
|
|
|
1610
|
|
|
1611 MAPPINGS
|
|
|
1612
|
|
|
1613 To make sure mappings will only work in the current buffer use the >
|
|
|
1614
|
|
|
1615 :map <buffer>
|
|
|
1616
|
|
|
1617 command. This needs to be combined with the two-step mapping explained above.
|
|
|
1618 An example of how to define functionality in a filetype plugin: >
|
|
|
1619
|
|
|
1620 if !hasmapto('<Plug>JavaImport')
|
|
|
1621 map <buffer> <unique> <LocalLeader>i <Plug>JavaImport
|
|
|
1622 endif
|
|
|
1623 noremap <buffer> <unique> <Plug>JavaImport oimport ""<Left><Esc>
|
|
|
1624
|
|
|
1625 |hasmapto()| is used to check if the user has already defined a map to
|
|
|
1626 <Plug>JavaImport. If not, then the filetype plugin defines the default
|
|
|
1627 mapping. This starts with |<LocalLeader>|, which allows the user to select
|
|
|
1628 the key(s) he wants filetype plugin mappings to start with. The default is a
|
|
|
1629 backslash.
|
|
|
1630 "<unique>" is used to give an error message if the mapping already exists or
|
|
|
1631 overlaps with an existing mapping.
|
|
|
1632 |:noremap| is used to avoid that any other mappings that the user has defined
|
|
|
1633 interferes. You might want to use ":noremap <script>" to allow remapping
|
|
|
1634 mappings defined in this script that start with <SID>.
|
|
|
1635
|
|
|
1636 The user must have a chance to disable the mappings in a filetype plugin,
|
|
|
1637 without disabling everything. Here is an example of how this is done for a
|
|
|
1638 plugin for the mail filetype: >
|
|
|
1639
|
|
|
1640 " Add mappings, unless the user didn't want this.
|
|
|
1641 if !exists("no_plugin_maps") && !exists("no_mail_maps")
|
|
|
1642 " Quote text by inserting "> "
|
|
|
1643 if !hasmapto('<Plug>MailQuote')
|
|
|
1644 vmap <buffer> <LocalLeader>q <Plug>MailQuote
|
|
|
1645 nmap <buffer> <LocalLeader>q <Plug>MailQuote
|
|
|
1646 endif
|
|
|
1647 vnoremap <buffer> <Plug>MailQuote :s/^/> /<CR>
|
|
|
1648 nnoremap <buffer> <Plug>MailQuote :.,$s/^/> /<CR>
|
|
|
1649 endif
|
|
|
1650
|
|
|
1651 Two global variables are used:
|
|
|
1652 no_plugin_maps disables mappings for all filetype plugins
|
|
|
1653 no_mail_maps disables mappings for a specific filetype
|
|
|
1654
|
|
|
1655
|
|
|
1656 USER COMMANDS
|
|
|
1657
|
|
|
1658 To add a user command for a specific file type, so that it can only be used in
|
|
|
1659 one buffer, use the "-buffer" argument to |:command|. Example: >
|
|
|
1660
|
|
|
1661 :command -buffer Make make %:r.s
|
|
|
1662
|
|
|
1663
|
|
|
1664 VARIABLES
|
|
|
1665
|
|
|
1666 A filetype plugin will be sourced for each buffer of the type it's for. Local
|
|
|
1667 script variables |s:var| will be shared between all invocations. Use local
|
|
|
1668 buffer variables |b:var| if you want a variable specifically for one buffer.
|
|
|
1669
|
|
|
1670
|
|
|
1671 FUNCTIONS
|
|
|
1672
|
|
|
1673 When defining a function, this only needs to be done once. But the filetype
|
|
|
1674 plugin will be sourced every time a file with this filetype will be opened.
|
|
|
1675 This construct make sure the function is only defined once: >
|
|
|
1676
|
|
|
1677 :if !exists("*s:Func")
|
|
|
1678 : function s:Func(arg)
|
|
|
1679 : ...
|
|
|
1680 : endfunction
|
|
|
1681 :endif
|
|
|
1682 <
|
|
|
1683
|
|
|
1684 UNDO *undo_ftplugin*
|
|
|
1685
|
|
|
1686 When the user does ":setfiletype xyz" the effect of the previous filetype
|
|
|
1687 should be undone. Set the b:undo_ftplugin variable to the commands that will
|
|
|
1688 undo the settings in your filetype plugin. Example: >
|
|
|
1689
|
|
|
1690 let b:undo_ftplugin = "setlocal fo< com< tw< commentstring<"
|
|
|
1691 \ . "| unlet b:match_ignorecase b:match_words b:match_skip"
|
|
|
1692
|
|
|
1693 Using ":setlocal" with "<" after the option name resets the option to its
|
|
|
1694 global value. That is mostly the best way to reset the option value.
|
|
|
1695
|
|
|
1696 This does require removing the "C" flag from 'cpoptions' to allow line
|
|
|
1697 continuation, as mentioned above |use-cpo-save|.
|
|
|
1698
|
|
|
1699
|
|
|
1700 FILE NAME
|
|
|
1701
|
|
|
1702 The filetype must be included in the file name |ftplugin-name|. Use one of
|
|
|
1703 these three forms:
|
|
|
1704
|
|
|
1705 .../ftplugin/stuff.vim
|
|
|
1706 .../ftplugin/stuff_foo.vim
|
|
|
1707 .../ftplugin/stuff/bar.vim
|
|
|
1708
|
|
|
1709 "stuff" is the filetype, "foo" and "bar" are arbitrary names.
|
|
|
1710
|
|
|
1711
|
|
|
1712 SUMMARY *ftplugin-special*
|
|
|
1713
|
|
|
1714 Summary of special things to use in a filetype plugin:
|
|
|
1715
|
|
|
1716 <LocalLeader> Value of "maplocalleader", which the user defines as
|
|
|
1717 the keys that filetype plugin mappings start with.
|
|
|
1718
|
|
|
1719 :map <buffer> Define a mapping local to the buffer.
|
|
|
1720
|
|
|
1721 :noremap <script> Only remap mappings defined in this script that start
|
|
|
1722 with <SID>.
|
|
|
1723
|
|
|
1724 :setlocal Set an option for the current buffer only.
|
|
|
1725
|
|
|
1726 :command -buffer Define a user command local to the buffer.
|
|
|
1727
|
|
|
1728 exists("*s:Func") Check if a function was already defined.
|
|
|
1729
|
|
|
1730 Also see |plugin-special|, the special things used for all plugins.
|
|
|
1731
|
|
|
1732 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
1733 *41.12* Writing a compiler plugin *write-compiler-plugin*
|
|
|
1734
|
|
|
1735 A compiler plugin sets options for use with a specific compiler. The user can
|
|
|
1736 load it with the |:compiler| command. The main use is to set the
|
|
|
1737 'errorformat' and 'makeprg' options.
|
|
|
1738
|
|
|
1739 Easiest is to have a look at examples. This command will edit all the default
|
|
|
1740 compiler plugins: >
|
|
|
1741
|
|
|
1742 :next $VIMRUNTIME/compiler/*.vim
|
|
|
1743
|
|
|
1744 Use |:next| to go to the next plugin file.
|
|
|
1745
|
|
|
1746 There are two special items about these files. First is a mechanism to allow
|
|
|
1747 a user to overrule or add to the default file. The default files start with: >
|
|
|
1748
|
|
|
1749 :if exists("current_compiler")
|
|
|
1750 : finish
|
|
|
1751 :endif
|
|
|
1752 :let current_compiler = "mine"
|
|
|
1753
|
|
|
1754 When you write a compiler file and put it in your personal runtime directory
|
|
|
1755 (e.g., ~/.vim/compiler for Unix), you set the "current_compiler" variable to
|
|
|
1756 make the default file skip the settings.
|
|
|
1757
|
|
|
1758 The second mechanism is to use ":set" for ":compiler!" and ":setlocal" for
|
|
|
1759 ":compiler". Vim defines the ":CompilerSet" user command for this. However,
|
|
|
1760 older Vim versions don't, thus your plugin should define it then. This is an
|
|
|
1761 example: >
|
|
|
1762
|
|
|
1763 if exists(":CompilerSet") != 2
|
|
|
1764 command -nargs=* CompilerSet setlocal <args>
|
|
|
1765 endif
|
|
|
1766 CompilerSet errorformat& " use the default 'errorformat'
|
|
|
1767 CompilerSet makeprg=nmake
|
|
|
1768
|
|
|
1769 When you write a compiler plugin for the Vim distribution or for a system-wide
|
|
|
1770 runtime directory, use the mechanism mentioned above. When
|
|
|
1771 "current_compiler" was already set by a user plugin nothing will be done.
|
|
|
1772
|
|
|
1773 When you write a compiler plugin to overrule settings from a default plugin,
|
|
|
1774 don't check "current_compiler". This plugin is supposed to be loaded
|
|
|
1775 last, thus it should be in a directory at the end of 'runtimepath'. For Unix
|
|
|
1776 that could be ~/.vim/after/compiler.
|
|
|
1777
|
|
|
1778 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
1779
|
|
|
1780 Next chapter: |usr_42.txt| Add new menus
|
|
|
1781
|
|
|
1782 Copyright: see |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
|
