Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/terminal.txt @ 13100:656ab57d1ddc
update a few runtime files
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/df980db69b831381c37c3e2973a6eefa10df305c
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Sun Dec 24 13:22:00 2017 +0100
update a few runtime files
author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
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date | Sun, 24 Dec 2017 13:30:05 +0100 |
parents | a6d3e2081544 |
children | 371ceeebbdaa |
rev | line source |
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1 *terminal.txt* For Vim version 8.0. Last change: 2017 Dec 22 |
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2 |
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3 |
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar |
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5 |
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6 |
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7 Terminal window support *terminal* |
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8 |
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9 |
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10 WARNING: THIS IS ONLY PARTLY IMPLEMENTED, ANYTHING CAN STILL CHANGE |
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11 |
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12 The terminal feature is optional, use this to check if your Vim has it: > |
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13 echo has('terminal') |
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14 If the result is "1" you have it. |
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15 |
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16 |
12826 | 17 1. Basic use |terminal-use| |
18 Typing |terminal-typing| | |
19 Size and color |terminal-size-color| | |
20 Syntax |:terminal| | |
21 Resizing |terminal-resizing| | |
22 Terminal Modes |Terminal-mode| | |
23 Cursor style |terminal-cursor-style| | |
24 Special keys |terminal-special-keys| | |
25 Unix |terminal-unix| | |
26 MS-Windows |terminal-ms-windows| | |
27 2. Remote testing |terminal-testing| | |
28 3. Debugging |terminal-debug| | |
29 Starting |termdebug-starting| | |
30 Example session |termdebug-example| | |
31 Stepping through code |termdebug-stepping| | |
32 Inspecting variables |termdebug-variables| | |
33 Other commands |termdebug-commands| | |
34 Communication |termdebug-communication| | |
35 Customizing |termdebug-customizing| | |
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36 |
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37 {Vi does not have any of these commands} |
12254 | 38 {only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature} |
39 | |
40 The terminal feature requires the |+multi_byte|, |+job| and |+channel| features. | |
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41 |
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42 ============================================================================== |
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43 1. Basic use *terminal-use* |
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44 |
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45 This feature is for running a terminal emulator in a Vim window. A job can be |
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46 started connected to the terminal emulator. For example, to run a shell: > |
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47 :term bash |
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48 |
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49 Or to run build command: > |
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50 :term make myprogram |
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51 |
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52 The job runs asynchronously from Vim, the window will be updated to show |
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53 output from the job, also while editing in another window. |
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54 |
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55 |
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56 Typing ~ |
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57 *terminal-typing* |
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58 When the keyboard focus is in the terminal window, typed keys will be sent to |
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59 the job. This uses a pty when possible. You can click outside of the |
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60 terminal window to move keyboard focus elsewhere. |
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61 |
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62 CTRL-W can be used to navigate between windows and other CTRL-W commands, e.g.: |
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63 CTRL-W CTRL-W move focus to the next window |
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64 CTRL-W : enter an Ex command |
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65 See |CTRL-W| for more commands. |
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66 |
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67 Special in the terminal window: *CTRL-W_.* *CTRL-W_N* |
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68 CTRL-W . send a CTRL-W to the job in the terminal |
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69 CTRL-W N go to Terminal-Normal mode, see |Terminal-mode| |
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70 CTRL-\ CTRL-N go to Terminal-Normal mode, see |Terminal-mode| |
11914 | 71 CTRL-W " {reg} paste register {reg} *CTRL-W_quote* |
72 Also works with the = register to insert the result of | |
73 evaluating an expression. | |
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74 CTRL-W CTRL-C ends the job, see below |t_CTRL-W_CTRL-C| |
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75 |
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76 See option 'termkey' for specifying another key instead of CTRL-W that |
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77 will work like CTRL-W. However, typing 'termkey' twice sends 'termkey' to |
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78 the job. For example: |
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79 'termkey' CTRL-W move focus to the next window |
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80 'termkey' : enter an Ex command |
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81 'termkey' 'termkey' send 'termkey' to the job in the terminal |
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82 'termkey' . send a CTRL-W to the job in the terminal |
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83 'termkey' N go to terminal Normal mode, see below |
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84 'termkey' CTRL-N same as CTRL-W N |
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85 'termkey' CTRL-C same as |t_CTRL-W_CTRL-C| |
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86 *t_CTRL-\_CTRL-N* |
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87 The special key combination CTRL-\ CTRL-N can be used to switch to Normal |
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88 mode, just like this works in any other mode. |
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89 *t_CTRL-W_CTRL-C* |
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90 CTRL-W CTRL-C can be typed to forcefully end the job. On MS-Windows a |
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91 CTRL-BREAK will also kill the job. |
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92 |
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93 If you type CTRL-C the effect depends on what the pty has been configured to |
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94 do. For simple commands this causes a SIGINT to be sent to the job, which |
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95 would end it. Other commands may ignore the SIGINT or handle the CTRL-C |
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96 themselves (like Vim does). |
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97 |
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98 To change the keys you type use terminal mode mappings, see |:tmap|. |
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99 These are defined like any mapping, but apply only when typing keys that are |
12559 | 100 sent to the job running in the terminal. For example, to make Escape switch |
101 to Terminal-Normal mode: > | |
102 tnoremap <Esc> <C-W>N | |
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103 < *options-in-terminal* |
12559 | 104 After opening the terminal window and setting 'buftype' to "terminal" the |
105 BufWinEnter autocommand event is triggered. This makes it possible to set | |
106 options specifically for the window and buffer. Example: > | |
107 au BufWinEnter * if &buftype == 'terminal' | setlocal bufhidden=hide | endif | |
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108 |
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109 Mouse events (click and drag) are passed to the terminal. Mouse move events |
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110 are only passed when Vim itself is receiving them. For a terminal that is |
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111 when 'balloonevalterm' is enabled. |
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112 |
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113 |
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114 Size and color ~ |
12826 | 115 *terminal-size-color* |
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116 See option 'termsize' for controlling the size of the terminal window. |
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117 (TODO: scrolling when the terminal is larger than the window) |
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118 |
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119 The job running in the terminal can change the colors. The default foreground |
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120 and background colors are taken from Vim, the Normal highlight group. |
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121 |
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122 For a color terminal the 'background' option is used to decide whether the |
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123 terminal window will start with a white or black background. |
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124 |
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125 To use a different color the Terminal highlight group can be used, for |
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126 example: > |
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127 hi Terminal ctermbg=lightgrey ctermfg=blue guibg=lightgrey guifg=blue |
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128 |
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129 |
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130 Syntax ~ |
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131 |
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132 :[range]ter[minal] [options] [command] *:ter* *:terminal* |
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133 Open a new terminal window. |
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134 |
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135 If [command] is provided run it as a job and connect |
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136 the input and output to the terminal. |
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137 If [command] is not given the 'shell' option is used. |
12254 | 138 if [command] is NONE no job is started, the pty of the |
139 terminal can be used by a command like gdb. | |
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140 |
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141 A new buffer will be created, using [command] or |
11914 | 142 'shell' as the name, prefixed with a "!". If a buffer |
143 by this name already exists a number is added in | |
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144 parentheses. E.g. if "gdb" exists the second terminal |
11914 | 145 buffer will use "!gdb (1)". |
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146 |
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147 If [range] is given the specified lines are used as |
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148 input for the job. It will not be possible to type |
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149 keys in the terminal window. For MS-Windows see the |
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150 ++eof argument below. |
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151 |
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152 Two comma separated numbers are used as "rows,cols". |
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153 E.g. `:24,80gdb` opens a terminal with 24 rows and 80 |
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154 columns. However, if the terminal window spans the |
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155 Vim window with, there is no vertical split, the Vim |
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156 window width is used. |
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157 *term++close* *term++open* |
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158 Supported [options] are: |
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159 ++close The terminal window will close |
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160 automatically when the job terminates. |
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161 ++open When the job terminates and no window |
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162 shows it, a window will be opened. |
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163 Note that this can be interruptive. |
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164 ++curwin Open the terminal in the current |
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165 window, do not split the current |
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166 window. Fails if the current buffer |
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167 cannot be |abandon|ed. |
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168 ++hidden Open the terminal in a hidden buffer, |
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169 no window will be used. |
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170 ++rows={height} Use {height} for the terminal window |
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171 height. |
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172 ++cols={width} Use {width} for the terminal window |
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173 width. |
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174 ++eof={text} when using [range]: text to send after |
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175 the last line was written. Cannot |
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176 contain white space. A CR is |
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177 appended. For MS-Windows the default |
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178 is to send CTRL-D. |
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179 E.g. for a shell use "++eof=exit" and |
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180 for Python "++eof=exit()". Special |
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181 codes can be used like with `:map`, |
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182 e.g. "<C-Z>" for CTRL-Z. |
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183 |
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184 If you want to use more options use the |term_start()| |
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185 function. |
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186 |
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187 When the buffer associated with the terminal is unloaded or wiped out the job |
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188 is killed, similar to calling `job_stop(job, "kill")` |
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189 |
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190 So long as the job is running the window behaves like it contains a modified |
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191 buffer. Trying to close the window with `CTRL-W :quit` fails. When using |
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192 `CTRL-W :quit!` the job is ended. The text in the window is lost. The buffer |
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193 still exists, but getting it in a window with `:buffer` will show an empty |
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194 buffer. |
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195 |
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196 Trying to close the window with `CTRL-W :close` also fails. Using |
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197 `CTRL-W :close!` will close the window and make the buffer hidden. |
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198 |
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199 You can use `CTRL-W :hide` to close the terminal window and make the buffer |
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200 hidden, the job keeps running. The `:buffer` command can be used to turn the |
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201 current window into a terminal window. If there are unsaved changes this |
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202 fails, use ! to force, as usual. |
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203 |
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204 To have a background job run without a window, and open the window when it's |
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205 done, use options like this: > |
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206 :term ++hidden ++open make |
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207 Note that the window will open at an unexpected moment, this will interrupt |
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208 what you are doing. |
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209 |
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210 *E947* *E948* |
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211 So long as the job is running, the buffer is considered modified and Vim |
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212 cannot be quit easily, see |abandon|. |
11914 | 213 |
214 When the job has finished and no changes were made to the buffer: closing the | |
215 window will wipe out the buffer. | |
216 | |
217 Before changes can be made to a terminal buffer, the 'modifiable' option must | |
218 be set. This is only possible when the job has finished. At the first change | |
219 the buffer will become a normal buffer and the highlighting is removed. | |
220 You may want to change the buffer name with |:file| to be able to write, since | |
221 the buffer name will still be set to the command. | |
222 | |
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223 |
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224 Resizing ~ |
12826 | 225 *terminal-resizing* |
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226 The size of the terminal can be in one of three modes: |
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227 |
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228 1. The 'termsize' option is empty: The terminal size follows the window size. |
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229 The minimal size is 2 screen lines with 10 cells. |
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230 |
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231 2. The 'termsize' option is "rows*cols", where "rows" is the minimal number of |
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232 screen rows and "cols" is the minimal number of cells. |
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233 |
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234 3. The 'termsize' option is "rowsXcols" (where the x is upper or lower case). |
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235 The terminal size is fixed to the specified number of screen lines and |
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236 cells. If the window is bigger there will be unused empty space. |
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237 |
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238 If the window is smaller than the terminal size, only part of the terminal can |
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239 be seen (the lower-left part). |
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240 |
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241 The |term_getsize()| function can be used to get the current size of the |
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242 terminal. |term_setsize()| can be used only when in the first or second mode, |
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243 not when 'termsize' is "rowsXcols". |
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244 |
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245 |
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246 Terminal-Job and Terminal-Normal mode ~ |
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247 *Terminal-mode* |
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248 When the job is running the contents of the terminal is under control of the |
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249 job. That includes the cursor position. Typed keys are sent to the job. |
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250 The terminal contents can change at any time. This is called Terminal-Job |
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251 mode. |
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252 |
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253 Use CTRL-W N (or 'termkey' N) to switch to Terminal-Normal mode. Now the |
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254 contents of the terminal window is under control of Vim, the job output is |
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255 suspended. CTRL-\ CTRL-N does the same. |
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256 |
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257 Terminal-Job mode is where |:tmap| mappings are applied. Keys sent by |
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258 |term_sendkeys()| are not subject to tmap, but keys from |feedkeys()| are. |
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259 |
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260 *E946* |
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261 In Terminal-Normal mode you can move the cursor around with the usual Vim |
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262 commands, Visually mark text, yank text, etc. But you cannot change the |
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263 contents of the buffer. The commands that would start insert mode, such as |
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264 'i' and 'a', return to Terminal-Job mode. The window will be updated to show |
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265 the contents of the terminal. |:startinsert| is ineffective. |
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266 |
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267 In Terminal-Normal mode the statusline and window title show "(Terminal)". If |
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268 the job ends while in Terminal-Normal mode this changes to |
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269 "(Terminal-finished)". |
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270 |
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271 It is not possible to enter Insert mode from Terminal-Job mode. |
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272 |
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273 |
12254 | 274 Cursor style ~ |
12826 | 275 *terminal-cursor-style* |
12254 | 276 By default the cursor in the terminal window uses a not blinking block. The |
277 normal xterm escape sequences can be used to change the blinking state and the | |
278 shape. Once focus leaves the terminal window Vim will restore the original | |
279 cursor. | |
280 | |
281 An exception is when xterm is started with the "-bc" argument, or another way | |
282 that causes the cursor to blink. This actually means that the blinking flag | |
283 is inverted. Since Vim cannot detect this, the terminal window cursor | |
284 blinking will also be inverted. | |
285 | |
286 | |
12826 | 287 Special keys ~ |
288 *terminal-special-keys* | |
289 Since the terminal emulator simulates an xterm, only escape sequences that | |
290 both Vim and xterm recognize will be available in the terminal window. If you | |
291 want to pass on other escape sequences to the job running in the terminal you | |
292 need to set up forwarding. Example: > | |
293 tmap <expr> <Esc>]b SendToTerm("\<Esc>]b") | |
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294 func SendToTerm(what) |
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295 call term_sendkeys('', a:what) |
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296 return '' |
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297 endfunc |
12826 | 298 |
299 | |
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300 Unix ~ |
12826 | 301 *terminal-unix* |
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302 On Unix a pty is used to make it possible to run all kinds of commands. You |
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303 can even run Vim in the terminal! That's used for debugging, see below. |
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304 |
11914 | 305 Environment variables are used to pass information to the running job: |
306 TERM name of the terminal, 'term' | |
307 ROWS number of rows in the terminal initially | |
308 LINES same as ROWS | |
309 COLUMNS number of columns in the terminal initially | |
310 COLORS number of colors, 't_Co' (256*256*256 in the GUI) | |
311 VIM_SERVERNAME v:servername | |
312 | |
313 The |client-server| feature can be used to communicate with the Vim instance | |
314 where the job was started. This only works when v:servername is not empty. | |
315 If needed you can set it with: > | |
316 call remote_startserver('vim-server') | |
317 | |
318 In the job you can then do something like: > | |
319 vim --servername $VIM_SERVERNAME --remote +123 some_file.c | |
320 This will open the file "some_file.c" and put the cursor on line 123. | |
321 | |
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322 |
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323 MS-Windows ~ |
12826 | 324 *terminal-ms-windows* |
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325 On MS-Windows winpty is used to make it possible to run all kind of commands. |
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326 Obviously, they must be commands that run in a terminal, not open their own |
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327 window. |
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328 |
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329 You need the following two files from winpty: |
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330 |
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331 winpty.dll |
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332 winpty-agent.exe |
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333 |
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334 You can download them from the following page: |
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335 |
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336 https://github.com/rprichard/winpty |
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337 |
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338 Just put the files somewhere in your PATH. You can set the 'winptydll' option |
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339 to point to the right file, if needed. If you have both the 32-bit and 64-bit |
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340 version, rename to winpty32.dll and winpty64.dll to match the way Vim was |
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341 build. |
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342 |
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343 Environment variables are used to pass information to the running job: |
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344 VIM_SERVERNAME v:servername |
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345 |
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346 ============================================================================== |
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347 2. Remote testing *terminal-testing* |
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348 |
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349 Most Vim tests execute a script inside Vim. For some tests this does not |
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350 work, running the test interferes with the code being tested. To avoid this |
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351 Vim is executed in a terminal window. The test sends keystrokes to it and |
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352 inspects the resulting screen state. |
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353 |
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354 Functions ~ |
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355 |
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356 term_sendkeys() send keystrokes to a terminal (not subject to tmap) |
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357 term_wait() wait for screen to be updated |
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358 term_scrape() inspect terminal screen |
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359 |
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360 |
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361 ============================================================================== |
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362 3. Debugging *terminal-debug* |
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363 |
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364 The Terminal debugging plugin can be used to debug a program with gdb and view |
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365 the source code in a Vim window. Since this is completely contained inside |
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366 Vim this also works remotely over an ssh connection. |
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367 |
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368 |
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369 Starting ~ |
12826 | 370 *termdebug-starting* |
12254 | 371 Load the plugin with this command: > |
372 packadd termdebug | |
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373 < *:Termdebug* |
13051 | 374 To start debugging use `:Termdebug` followed by the command name, for example: > |
12559 | 375 :Termdebug vim |
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376 |
12254 | 377 This opens two windows: |
13051 | 378 |
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379 gdb window A terminal window in which "gdb vim" is executed. Here you |
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380 can directly interact with gdb. The buffer name is "!gdb". |
13051 | 381 |
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382 program window A terminal window for the executed program. When "run" is |
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383 used in gdb the program I/O will happen in this window, so |
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384 that it does not interfere with controlling gdb. The buffer |
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385 name is "gdb program". |
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386 |
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387 The current window is used to show the source code. When gdb pauses the |
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388 source file location will be displayed, if possible. A sign is used to |
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389 highlight the current position (using highlight group debugPC). |
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390 |
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391 If the buffer in the current window is modified, another window will be opened |
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392 to display the current gdb position. |
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393 |
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394 Focus the terminal of the executed program to interact with it. This works |
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395 the same as any command running in a terminal window. |
12254 | 396 |
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397 When the debugger ends, typically by typing "quit" in the gdb window, the two |
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398 opened windows are closed. |
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399 |
12254 | 400 |
12559 | 401 Example session ~ |
12826 | 402 *termdebug-example* |
12559 | 403 Start in the Vim "src" directory and build Vim: > |
404 % make | |
405 Start Vim: > | |
406 % ./vim | |
407 Load the termdebug plugin and start debugging Vim: > | |
408 :packadd termdebug | |
409 :Termdebug vim | |
410 You should now have three windows: | |
411 source - where you started, has a window toolbar with buttons | |
412 gdb - you can type gdb commands here | |
413 program - the executed program will use this window | |
414 You can use CTRL-W CTRL-W or the mouse to move focus between windows. | |
415 Put focus on the gdb window and type: > | |
416 break ex_help | |
417 run | |
418 Vim will start running in the program window. Put focus there and type: > | |
419 :help gui | |
420 Gdb will run into the ex_help breakpoint. The source window now shows the | |
421 ex_cmds.c file. A ">>" marker will appear where the breakpoint was set. The | |
422 line where the debugger stopped is highlighted. You can now step through the | |
423 program. Let's use the mouse: click on the "Next" button in the window | |
424 toolbar. You will see the highlighting move as the debugger executes a line | |
425 of source code. | |
426 | |
427 Click "Next" a few times until the for loop is highlighted. Put the cursor on | |
428 the end of "eap->arg", then click "Eval" in the toolbar. You will see this | |
429 displayed: | |
430 "eap->arg": 0x555555e68855 "gui" ~ | |
431 This way you can inspect the value of local variables. You can also focus the | |
432 gdb window and use a "print" command, e.g.: > | |
433 print *eap | |
434 | |
435 Now go back to the source window and put the cursor on the first line after | |
436 the for loop, then type: > | |
437 :Break | |
438 You will see a ">>" marker appear, this indicates the new breakpoint. Now | |
439 click "Cont" in the toolbar and the code until the breakpoint will be | |
440 executed. | |
441 | |
442 You can type more advanced commands in the gdb window. For example, type: > | |
443 watch curbuf | |
444 Now click "Cont" in the toolbar (or type "cont" in the gdb window). Execution | |
445 will now continue until the value of "curbuf" changes, which is in do_ecmd(). | |
446 To remove this watchpoint again type in the gdb window: > | |
447 delete 3 | |
448 | |
449 You can see the stack by typing in the gdb window: > | |
450 where | |
451 Move through the stack frames, e.g. with: > | |
452 frame 3 | |
453 The source window will show the code, at the point where the call was made to | |
454 a deeper level. | |
455 | |
456 | |
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457 Stepping through code ~ |
12826 | 458 *termdebug-stepping* |
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459 Put focus on the gdb window to type commands there. Some common ones are: |
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460 - CTRL-C interrupt the program |
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461 - next execute the current line and stop at the next line |
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462 - step execute the current line and stop at the next statement, |
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463 entering functions |
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464 - finish execute until leaving the current function |
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465 - where show the stack |
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466 - frame N go to the Nth stack frame |
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467 - continue continue execution |
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468 |
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469 In the window showing the source code these commands can used to control gdb: |
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470 :Run [args] run the program with [args] or the previous arguments |
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471 :Arguments {args} set arguments for the next :Run |
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472 |
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473 :Break set a breakpoint at the current line; a sign will be displayed |
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474 :Delete delete a breakpoint at the current line |
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475 |
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476 :Step execute the gdb "step" command |
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477 :Over execute the gdb "next" command (:Next is a Vim command) |
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478 :Finish execute the gdb "finish" command |
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479 :Continue execute the gdb "continue" command |
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480 :Stop interrupt the program |
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481 |
13051 | 482 If 'mouse' is set the plugin adds a window toolbar with these entries: |
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483 Step :Step |
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484 Next :Over |
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485 Finish :Finish |
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486 Cont :Continue |
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487 Stop :Stop |
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488 Eval :Evaluate |
13051 | 489 This way you can use the mouse to perform the most common commands. You need |
490 to have the 'mouse' option set to enable mouse clicks. | |
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491 |
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492 |
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493 Inspecting variables ~ |
12826 | 494 *termdebug-variables* |
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495 :Evaluate evaluate the expression under the cursor |
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496 K same |
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497 :Evaluate {expr} evaluate {expr} |
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498 :'<,'>Evaluate evaluate the Visually selected text |
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499 |
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500 This is similar to using "print" in the gdb window. |
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501 |
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502 |
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503 Other commands ~ |
12826 | 504 *termdebug-commands* |
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505 :Gdb jump to the gdb window |
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506 :Program jump to the window with the running program |
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507 |
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508 |
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509 Communication ~ |
12826 | 510 *termdebug-communication* |
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511 There is another, hidden, buffer, which is used for Vim to communicate with |
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512 gdb. The buffer name is "gdb communication". Do not delete this buffer, it |
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513 will break the debugger. |
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514 |
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515 |
12254 | 516 Customizing ~ |
12826 | 517 *termdebug-customizing* |
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518 To change the name of the gdb command, set the "termdebugger" variable before |
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519 invoking `:Termdebug`: > |
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520 let termdebugger = "mygdb" |
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521 < *gdb-version* |
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522 Only debuggers fully compatible with gdb will work. Vim uses the GDB/MI |
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523 interface. This probably requires gdb version 7.12. if you get this error: |
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524 Undefined command: "new-ui". Try "help".~ |
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525 Then your gdb is too old. |
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526 |
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527 The color of the signs can be adjusted with these highlight groups: |
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528 - debugPC the current position |
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529 - debugBreakpoint a breakpoint |
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530 |
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531 The defaults are, when 'background' is "light": |
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532 hi debugPC term=reverse ctermbg=lightblue guibg=lightblue |
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533 hi debugBreakpoint term=reverse ctermbg=red guibg=red |
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534 |
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535 When 'background' is "dark": |
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536 hi debugPC term=reverse ctermbg=darkblue guibg=darkblue |
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537 hi debugBreakpoint term=reverse ctermbg=red guibg=red |
12254 | 538 |
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539 To change the width of the Vim window when debugging starts, and use a |
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540 vertical split: > |
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541 let g:termdebug_wide = 163 |
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542 This will set &columns to 163 when :Termdebug is used. The value is restored |
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543 when quitting the debugger. |
12559 | 544 If g:termdebug_wide is set and &Columns is already larger than |
545 g:termdebug_wide then a vertical split will be used without changing &columns. | |
546 Set it to 1 to get a vertical split without every changing &columns (useful | |
547 for when the terminal can't be resized by Vim). | |
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548 |
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549 |
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550 |
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551 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |