Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/terminal.txt @ 12756:3b26420fc639
Long overdue runtime update.
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/01164a6546b4c635daf96a1f17d1cb2d07f32a66
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Thu Nov 2 22:58:42 2017 +0100
Long overdue runtime update.
author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
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date | Thu, 02 Nov 2017 23:00:08 +0100 |
parents | 34c8ec888122 |
children | f690da1b3c04 |
rev | line source |
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1 *terminal.txt* For Vim version 8.0. Last change: 2017 Oct 29 |
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2 |
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3 |
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar |
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5 |
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6 |
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7 Terminal window support *terminal* |
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8 |
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9 |
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10 WARNING: THIS IS ONLY PARTLY IMPLEMENTED, ANYTHING CAN STILL CHANGE |
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11 |
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12 The terminal feature is optional, use this to check if your Vim has it: > |
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13 echo has('terminal') |
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14 If the result is "1" you have it. |
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15 |
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16 |
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17 1. Basic use |terminal-use| |
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18 2. Remote testing |terminal-testing| |
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19 3. Debugging |terminal-debug| |
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20 |
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21 {Vi does not have any of these commands} |
12254 | 22 {only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature} |
23 | |
24 The terminal feature requires the |+multi_byte|, |+job| and |+channel| features. | |
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25 |
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26 ============================================================================== |
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27 1. Basic use *terminal-use* |
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28 |
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29 This feature is for running a terminal emulator in a Vim window. A job can be |
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30 started connected to the terminal emulator. For example, to run a shell: > |
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31 :term bash |
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32 |
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33 Or to run build command: > |
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34 :term make myprogram |
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35 |
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36 The job runs asynchronously from Vim, the window will be updated to show |
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37 output from the job, also while editing in another window. |
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38 |
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39 |
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40 Typing ~ |
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41 *terminal-typing* |
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42 When the keyboard focus is in the terminal window, typed keys will be sent to |
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43 the job. This uses a pty when possible. You can click outside of the |
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44 terminal window to move keyboard focus elsewhere. |
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45 |
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46 CTRL-W can be used to navigate between windows and other CTRL-W commands, e.g.: |
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47 CTRL-W CTRL-W move focus to the next window |
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48 CTRL-W : enter an Ex command |
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49 See |CTRL-W| for more commands. |
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50 |
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51 Special in the terminal window: *CTRL-W_.* *CTRL-W_N* |
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52 CTRL-W . send a CTRL-W to the job in the terminal |
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53 CTRL-W N go to Terminal-Normal mode, see |Terminal-mode| |
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54 CTRL-\ CTRL-N go to Terminal-Normal mode, see |Terminal-mode| |
11914 | 55 CTRL-W " {reg} paste register {reg} *CTRL-W_quote* |
56 Also works with the = register to insert the result of | |
57 evaluating an expression. | |
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58 CTRL-W CTRL-C ends the job, see below |t_CTRL-W_CTRL-C| |
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59 |
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60 See option 'termkey' for specifying another key instead of CTRL-W that |
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61 will work like CTRL-W. However, typing 'termkey' twice sends 'termkey' to |
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62 the job. For example: |
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63 'termkey' CTRL-W move focus to the next window |
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64 'termkey' : enter an Ex command |
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65 'termkey' 'termkey' send 'termkey' to the job in the terminal |
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66 'termkey' . send a CTRL-W to the job in the terminal |
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67 'termkey' N go to terminal Normal mode, see below |
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68 'termkey' CTRL-N same as CTRL-W N |
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69 'termkey' CTRL-C same as |t_CTRL-W_CTRL-C| |
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70 *t_CTRL-\_CTRL-N* |
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71 The special key combination CTRL-\ CTRL-N can be used to switch to Normal |
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72 mode, just like this works in any other mode. |
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73 *t_CTRL-W_CTRL-C* |
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74 CTRL-W CTRL-C can be typed to forcefully end the job. On MS-Windows a |
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75 CTRL-BREAK will also kill the job. |
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76 |
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77 If you type CTRL-C the effect depends on what the pty has been configured to |
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78 do. For simple commands this causes a SIGINT to be sent to the job, which |
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79 would end it. Other commands may ignore the SIGINT or handle the CTRL-C |
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80 themselves (like Vim does). |
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81 |
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82 To change the keys you type use terminal mode mappings, see |:tmap|. |
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83 These are defined like any mapping, but apply only when typing keys that are |
12559 | 84 sent to the job running in the terminal. For example, to make Escape switch |
85 to Terminal-Normal mode: > | |
86 tnoremap <Esc> <C-W>N | |
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87 < *options-in-terminal* |
12559 | 88 After opening the terminal window and setting 'buftype' to "terminal" the |
89 BufWinEnter autocommand event is triggered. This makes it possible to set | |
90 options specifically for the window and buffer. Example: > | |
91 au BufWinEnter * if &buftype == 'terminal' | setlocal bufhidden=hide | endif | |
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92 |
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93 |
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94 Size and color ~ |
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95 |
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96 See option 'termsize' for controlling the size of the terminal window. |
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97 (TODO: scrolling when the terminal is larger than the window) |
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98 |
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99 The job running in the terminal can change the colors. The default foreground |
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100 and background colors are taken from Vim, the Normal highlight group. |
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101 |
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102 For a color terminal the 'background' option is used to decide whether the |
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103 terminal window will start with a white or black background. |
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104 |
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105 To use a different color the Terminal highlight group can be used: > |
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106 hi Terminal ctermbg=lightgrey ctermfg=blue guibg=lightgrey guifg=blue |
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107 |
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108 |
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109 Syntax ~ |
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110 |
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111 :[range]ter[minal] [options] [command] *:ter* *:terminal* |
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112 Open a new terminal window. |
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113 |
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114 If [command] is provided run it as a job and connect |
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115 the input and output to the terminal. |
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116 If [command] is not given the 'shell' option is used. |
12254 | 117 if [command] is NONE no job is started, the pty of the |
118 terminal can be used by a command like gdb. | |
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119 |
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120 A new buffer will be created, using [command] or |
11914 | 121 'shell' as the name, prefixed with a "!". If a buffer |
122 by this name already exists a number is added in | |
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123 parentheses. E.g. if "gdb" exists the second terminal |
11914 | 124 buffer will use "!gdb (1)". |
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125 |
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126 If [range] is given the specified lines are used as |
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127 input for the job. It will not be possible to type |
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128 keys in the terminal window. For MS-Windows see the |
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129 ++eof argument below. |
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130 |
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131 Two comma separated numbers are used as "rows,cols". |
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132 E.g. `:24,80gdb` opens a terminal with 24 rows and 80 |
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133 columns. However, if the terminal window spans the |
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134 Vim window with, there is no vertical split, the Vim |
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135 window width is used. |
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136 *term++close* *term++open* |
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137 Supported [options] are: |
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138 ++close The terminal window will close |
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139 automatically when the job terminates. |
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140 ++open When the job terminates and no window |
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141 shows it, a window will be opened. |
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142 Note that this can be interruptive. |
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143 ++curwin Open the terminal in the current |
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144 window, do not split the current |
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145 window. Fails if the current buffer |
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146 cannot be |abandon|ed. |
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147 ++hidden Open the terminal in a hidden buffer, |
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148 no window will be used. |
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149 ++rows={height} Use {height} for the terminal window |
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150 height. |
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151 ++cols={width} Use {width} for the terminal window |
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152 width. |
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153 ++eof={text} when using [range]: text to send after |
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154 the last line was written. Cannot |
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155 contain white space. A CR is |
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156 appended. For MS-Windows the default |
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157 is to send CTRL-D. |
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158 E.g. for a shell use "++eof=exit" and |
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159 for Python "++eof=exit()". Special |
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160 codes can be used like with `:map`, |
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161 e.g. "<C-Z>" for CTRL-Z. |
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162 |
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163 If you want to use more options use the |term_start()| |
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164 function. |
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165 |
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166 When the buffer associated with the terminal is unloaded or wiped out the job |
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167 is killed, similar to calling `job_stop(job, "kill")` |
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168 |
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169 So long as the job is running the window behaves like it contains a modified |
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170 buffer. Trying to close the window with `CTRL-W :quit` fails. When using |
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171 `CTRL-W :quit!` the job is ended. The text in the window is lost. The buffer |
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172 still exists, but getting it in a window with `:buffer` will show an empty |
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173 buffer. |
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174 |
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175 Trying to close the window with `CTRL-W :close` also fails. Using |
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176 `CTRL-W :close!` will close the window and make the buffer hidden. |
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177 |
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178 You can use `CTRL-W :hide` to close the terminal window and make the buffer |
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179 hidden, the job keeps running. The `:buffer` command can be used to turn the |
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180 current window into a terminal window. If there are unsaved changes this |
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181 fails, use ! to force, as usual. |
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182 |
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183 To have a background job run without a window, and open the window when it's |
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184 done, use options like this: > |
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185 :term ++hidden ++open make |
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186 Note that the window will open at an unexpected moment, this will interrupt |
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187 what you are doing. |
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188 |
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189 *E947* *E948* |
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190 So long as the job is running, the buffer is considered modified and Vim |
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191 cannot be quit easily, see |abandon|. |
11914 | 192 |
193 When the job has finished and no changes were made to the buffer: closing the | |
194 window will wipe out the buffer. | |
195 | |
196 Before changes can be made to a terminal buffer, the 'modifiable' option must | |
197 be set. This is only possible when the job has finished. At the first change | |
198 the buffer will become a normal buffer and the highlighting is removed. | |
199 You may want to change the buffer name with |:file| to be able to write, since | |
200 the buffer name will still be set to the command. | |
201 | |
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202 |
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203 Resizing ~ |
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204 |
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205 The size of the terminal can be in one of three modes: |
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206 |
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207 1. The 'termsize' option is empty: The terminal size follows the window size. |
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208 The minimal size is 2 screen lines with 10 cells. |
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209 |
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210 2. The 'termsize' option is "rows*cols", where "rows" is the minimal number of |
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211 screen rows and "cols" is the minimal number of cells. |
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212 |
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213 3. The 'termsize' option is "rowsXcols" (where the x is upper or lower case). |
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214 The terminal size is fixed to the specified number of screen lines and |
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215 cells. If the window is bigger there will be unused empty space. |
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216 |
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217 If the window is smaller than the terminal size, only part of the terminal can |
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218 be seen (the lower-left part). |
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219 |
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220 The |term_getsize()| function can be used to get the current size of the |
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221 terminal. |term_setsize()| can be used only when in the first or second mode, |
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222 not when 'termsize' is "rowsXcols". |
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223 |
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224 |
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225 Terminal-Job and Terminal-Normal mode ~ |
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226 *Terminal-mode* |
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227 When the job is running the contents of the terminal is under control of the |
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228 job. That includes the cursor position. Typed keys are sent to the job. |
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229 The terminal contents can change at any time. This is called Terminal-Job |
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230 mode. |
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231 |
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232 Use CTRL-W N (or 'termkey' N) to switch to Terminal-Normal mode. Now the |
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233 contents of the terminal window is under control of Vim, the job output is |
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234 suspended. CTRL-\ CTRL-N does the same. |
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235 |
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236 Terminal-Job mode is where |:tmap| mappings are applied. Keys sent by |
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237 |term_sendkeys()| are not subject to tmap, but keys from |feedkeys()| are. |
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238 |
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239 *E946* |
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240 In Terminal-Normal mode you can move the cursor around with the usual Vim |
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241 commands, Visually mark text, yank text, etc. But you cannot change the |
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242 contents of the buffer. The commands that would start insert mode, such as |
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243 'i' and 'a', return to Terminal-Job mode. The window will be updated to show |
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244 the contents of the terminal. |:startinsert| is ineffective. |
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245 |
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246 In Terminal-Normal mode the statusline and window title show "(Terminal)". If |
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247 the job ends while in Terminal-Normal mode this changes to |
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248 "(Terminal-finished)". |
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249 |
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250 It is not possible to enter Insert mode from Terminal-Job mode. |
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251 |
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252 |
12254 | 253 Cursor style ~ |
254 | |
255 By default the cursor in the terminal window uses a not blinking block. The | |
256 normal xterm escape sequences can be used to change the blinking state and the | |
257 shape. Once focus leaves the terminal window Vim will restore the original | |
258 cursor. | |
259 | |
260 An exception is when xterm is started with the "-bc" argument, or another way | |
261 that causes the cursor to blink. This actually means that the blinking flag | |
262 is inverted. Since Vim cannot detect this, the terminal window cursor | |
263 blinking will also be inverted. | |
264 | |
265 | |
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266 Unix ~ |
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267 |
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268 On Unix a pty is used to make it possible to run all kinds of commands. You |
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269 can even run Vim in the terminal! That's used for debugging, see below. |
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270 |
11914 | 271 Environment variables are used to pass information to the running job: |
272 TERM name of the terminal, 'term' | |
273 ROWS number of rows in the terminal initially | |
274 LINES same as ROWS | |
275 COLUMNS number of columns in the terminal initially | |
276 COLORS number of colors, 't_Co' (256*256*256 in the GUI) | |
277 VIM_SERVERNAME v:servername | |
278 | |
279 The |client-server| feature can be used to communicate with the Vim instance | |
280 where the job was started. This only works when v:servername is not empty. | |
281 If needed you can set it with: > | |
282 call remote_startserver('vim-server') | |
283 | |
284 In the job you can then do something like: > | |
285 vim --servername $VIM_SERVERNAME --remote +123 some_file.c | |
286 This will open the file "some_file.c" and put the cursor on line 123. | |
287 | |
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288 |
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289 MS-Windows ~ |
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290 |
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291 On MS-Windows winpty is used to make it possible to run all kind of commands. |
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292 Obviously, they must be commands that run in a terminal, not open their own |
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293 window. |
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294 |
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295 You need the following two files from winpty: |
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296 |
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297 winpty.dll |
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298 winpty-agent.exe |
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299 |
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300 You can download them from the following page: |
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301 |
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302 https://github.com/rprichard/winpty |
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303 |
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304 Just put the files somewhere in your PATH. You can set the 'winptydll' option |
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305 to point to the right file, if needed. If you have both the 32-bit and 64-bit |
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306 version, rename to winpty32.dll and winpty64.dll to match the way Vim was |
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307 build. |
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308 |
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309 ============================================================================== |
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310 2. Remote testing *terminal-testing* |
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311 |
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312 Most Vim tests execute a script inside Vim. For some tests this does not |
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313 work, running the test interferes with the code being tested. To avoid this |
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314 Vim is executed in a terminal window. The test sends keystrokes to it and |
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315 inspects the resulting screen state. |
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316 |
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317 Functions ~ |
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318 |
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319 term_sendkeys() send keystrokes to a terminal (not subject to tmap) |
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320 term_wait() wait for screen to be updated |
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321 term_scrape() inspect terminal screen |
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322 |
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323 |
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324 ============================================================================== |
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325 3. Debugging *terminal-debug* |
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326 |
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327 The Terminal debugging plugin can be used to debug a program with gdb and view |
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328 the source code in a Vim window. Since this is completely contained inside |
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329 Vim this also works remotely over an ssh connection. |
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330 |
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331 |
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332 Starting ~ |
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333 |
12254 | 334 Load the plugin with this command: > |
335 packadd termdebug | |
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336 < *:Termdebug* |
12254 | 337 To start debugging use `:TermDebug` folowed by the command name, for example: > |
12559 | 338 :Termdebug vim |
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339 |
12254 | 340 This opens two windows: |
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341 gdb window A terminal window in which "gdb vim" is executed. Here you |
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342 can directly interact with gdb. The buffer name is "!gdb". |
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343 program window A terminal window for the executed program. When "run" is |
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344 used in gdb the program I/O will happen in this window, so |
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345 that it does not interfere with controlling gdb. The buffer |
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346 name is "gdb program". |
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347 |
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348 The current window is used to show the source code. When gdb pauses the |
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349 source file location will be displayed, if possible. A sign is used to |
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350 highlight the current position (using highlight group debugPC). |
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351 |
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352 If the buffer in the current window is modified, another window will be opened |
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353 to display the current gdb position. |
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354 |
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355 Focus the terminal of the executed program to interact with it. This works |
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356 the same as any command running in a terminal window. |
12254 | 357 |
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358 When the debugger ends, typically by typing "quit" in the gdb window, the two |
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359 opened windows are closed. |
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360 |
12254 | 361 |
12559 | 362 Example session ~ |
363 | |
364 Start in the Vim "src" directory and build Vim: > | |
365 % make | |
366 Start Vim: > | |
367 % ./vim | |
368 Load the termdebug plugin and start debugging Vim: > | |
369 :packadd termdebug | |
370 :Termdebug vim | |
371 You should now have three windows: | |
372 source - where you started, has a window toolbar with buttons | |
373 gdb - you can type gdb commands here | |
374 program - the executed program will use this window | |
375 You can use CTRL-W CTRL-W or the mouse to move focus between windows. | |
376 Put focus on the gdb window and type: > | |
377 break ex_help | |
378 run | |
379 Vim will start running in the program window. Put focus there and type: > | |
380 :help gui | |
381 Gdb will run into the ex_help breakpoint. The source window now shows the | |
382 ex_cmds.c file. A ">>" marker will appear where the breakpoint was set. The | |
383 line where the debugger stopped is highlighted. You can now step through the | |
384 program. Let's use the mouse: click on the "Next" button in the window | |
385 toolbar. You will see the highlighting move as the debugger executes a line | |
386 of source code. | |
387 | |
388 Click "Next" a few times until the for loop is highlighted. Put the cursor on | |
389 the end of "eap->arg", then click "Eval" in the toolbar. You will see this | |
390 displayed: | |
391 "eap->arg": 0x555555e68855 "gui" ~ | |
392 This way you can inspect the value of local variables. You can also focus the | |
393 gdb window and use a "print" command, e.g.: > | |
394 print *eap | |
395 | |
396 Now go back to the source window and put the cursor on the first line after | |
397 the for loop, then type: > | |
398 :Break | |
399 You will see a ">>" marker appear, this indicates the new breakpoint. Now | |
400 click "Cont" in the toolbar and the code until the breakpoint will be | |
401 executed. | |
402 | |
403 You can type more advanced commands in the gdb window. For example, type: > | |
404 watch curbuf | |
405 Now click "Cont" in the toolbar (or type "cont" in the gdb window). Execution | |
406 will now continue until the value of "curbuf" changes, which is in do_ecmd(). | |
407 To remove this watchpoint again type in the gdb window: > | |
408 delete 3 | |
409 | |
410 You can see the stack by typing in the gdb window: > | |
411 where | |
412 Move through the stack frames, e.g. with: > | |
413 frame 3 | |
414 The source window will show the code, at the point where the call was made to | |
415 a deeper level. | |
416 | |
417 | |
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418 Stepping through code ~ |
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419 |
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420 Put focus on the gdb window to type commands there. Some common ones are: |
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421 - CTRL-C interrupt the program |
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422 - next execute the current line and stop at the next line |
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423 - step execute the current line and stop at the next statement, entering |
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424 functions |
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425 - finish execute until leaving the current function |
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426 - where show the stack |
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427 - frame N go to the Nth stack frame |
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428 - continue continue execution |
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429 |
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430 In the window showing the source code some commands can used to control gdb: |
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431 :Break set a breakpoint at the current line; a sign will be displayed |
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432 :Delete delete a breakpoint at the current line |
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433 :Step execute the gdb "step" command |
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434 :Over execute the gdb "next" command (:Next is a Vim command) |
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435 :Finish execute the gdb "finish" command |
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436 :Continue execute the gdb "continue" command |
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437 |
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438 The plugin adds a window toolbar with these entries: |
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439 Step :Step |
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440 Next :Over |
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441 Finish :Finish |
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442 Cont :Continue |
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443 Eval :Evaluate |
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444 This way you can use the mouse to perform the most common commands. |
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445 |
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446 |
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447 Inspecting variables ~ |
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448 |
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449 :Evaluate evaluate the expression under the cursor |
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450 K same |
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451 :Evaluate {expr} evaluate {expr} |
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452 :'<,'>Evaluate evaluate the Visually selected text |
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453 |
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454 This is similar to using "print" in the gdb window. |
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455 |
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456 |
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457 Other commands ~ |
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458 |
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459 :Gdb jump to the gdb window |
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460 :Program jump to the window with the running program |
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461 |
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462 |
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463 Communication ~ |
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464 |
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465 There is another, hidden, buffer, which is used for Vim to communicate with |
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466 gdb. The buffer name is "gdb communication". Do not delete this buffer, it |
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467 will break the debugger. |
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468 |
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469 |
12254 | 470 Customizing ~ |
471 | |
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472 To change the name of the gdb command, set the "termdebugger" variable before |
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473 invoking `:Termdebug`: > |
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474 let termdebugger = "mygdb" |
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475 < *gdb-version* |
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476 Only debuggers fully compatible with gdb will work. Vim uses the GDB/MI |
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477 interface. This probably requires gdb version 7.12. if you get this error: |
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478 Undefined command: "new-ui". Try "help".~ |
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479 Then your gdb is too old. |
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480 |
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481 The color of the signs can be adjusted with these highlight groups: |
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482 - debugPC the current position |
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483 - debugBreakpoint a breakpoint |
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484 |
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485 The defaults are, when 'background' is "light": |
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486 hi debugPC term=reverse ctermbg=lightblue guibg=lightblue |
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487 hi debugBreakpoint term=reverse ctermbg=red guibg=red |
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488 |
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489 When 'background' is "dark": |
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490 hi debugPC term=reverse ctermbg=darkblue guibg=darkblue |
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491 hi debugBreakpoint term=reverse ctermbg=red guibg=red |
12254 | 492 |
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493 To change the width of the Vim window when debugging starts, and use a |
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494 vertical split: > |
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495 let g:termdebug_wide = 163 |
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496 This will set &columns to 163 when :Termdebug is used. The value is restored |
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497 when quitting the debugger. |
12559 | 498 If g:termdebug_wide is set and &Columns is already larger than |
499 g:termdebug_wide then a vertical split will be used without changing &columns. | |
500 Set it to 1 to get a vertical split without every changing &columns (useful | |
501 for when the terminal can't be resized by Vim). | |
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502 |
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503 |
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504 |
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505 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |