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annotate runtime/doc/motion.txt @ 4373:c42e130ebf36 v7.3.935
updated for version 7.3.935
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| author | Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Sat, 11 May 2013 17:45:48 +0200 |
| parents | fa4089df54bc |
| children | 6ec6b7ff2d43 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 4229 | 1 *motion.txt* For Vim version 7.3. Last change: 2013 Mar 07 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 Cursor motions *cursor-motions* *navigation* | |
| 8 | |
| 9 These commands move the cursor position. If the new position is off of the | |
| 10 screen, the screen is scrolled to show the cursor (see also 'scrolljump' and | |
| 11 'scrolloff' options). | |
| 12 | |
| 13 1. Motions and operators |operator| | |
| 14 2. Left-right motions |left-right-motions| | |
| 15 3. Up-down motions |up-down-motions| | |
| 16 4. Word motions |word-motions| | |
| 17 5. Text object motions |object-motions| | |
| 18 6. Text object selection |object-select| | |
| 19 7. Marks |mark-motions| | |
| 20 8. Jumps |jump-motions| | |
| 21 9. Various motions |various-motions| | |
| 22 | |
| 23 General remarks: | |
| 24 | |
| 25 If you want to know where you are in the file use the "CTRL-G" command | |
| 26 |CTRL-G| or the "g CTRL-G" command |g_CTRL-G|. If you set the 'ruler' option, | |
| 27 the cursor position is continuously shown in the status line (which slows down | |
| 28 Vim a little). | |
| 29 | |
| 30 Experienced users prefer the hjkl keys because they are always right under | |
| 31 their fingers. Beginners often prefer the arrow keys, because they do not | |
| 32 know what the hjkl keys do. The mnemonic value of hjkl is clear from looking | |
| 33 at the keyboard. Think of j as an arrow pointing downwards. | |
| 34 | |
| 35 The 'virtualedit' option can be set to make it possible to move the cursor to | |
| 36 positions where there is no character or halfway a character. | |
| 37 | |
| 38 ============================================================================== | |
| 39 1. Motions and operators *operator* | |
| 40 | |
| 41 The motion commands can be used after an operator command, to have the command | |
| 42 operate on the text that was moved over. That is the text between the cursor | |
| 43 position before and after the motion. Operators are generally used to delete | |
| 44 or change text. The following operators are available: | |
| 45 | |
| 46 |c| c change | |
| 47 |d| d delete | |
| 48 |y| y yank into register (does not change the text) | |
| 49 |~| ~ swap case (only if 'tildeop' is set) | |
| 50 |g~| g~ swap case | |
| 51 |gu| gu make lowercase | |
| 52 |gU| gU make uppercase | |
| 53 |!| ! filter through an external program | |
| 54 |=| = filter through 'equalprg' or C-indenting if empty | |
| 55 |gq| gq text formatting | |
| 56 |g?| g? ROT13 encoding | |
| 57 |>| > shift right | |
| 58 |<| < shift left | |
| 59 |zf| zf define a fold | |
| 3713 | 60 |g@| g@ call function set with the 'operatorfunc' option |
| 7 | 61 |
| 62 If the motion includes a count and the operator also had a count before it, | |
| 63 the two counts are multiplied. For example: "2d3w" deletes six words. | |
| 64 | |
| 65 After applying the operator the cursor is mostly left at the start of the text | |
| 66 that was operated upon. For example, "yfe" doesn't move the cursor, but "yFe" | |
| 67 moves the cursor leftwards to the "e" where the yank started. | |
| 68 | |
| 69 *linewise* *characterwise* | |
| 70 The operator either affects whole lines, or the characters between the start | |
| 71 and end position. Generally, motions that move between lines affect lines | |
| 72 (are linewise), and motions that move within a line affect characters (are | |
| 73 characterwise). However, there are some exceptions. | |
| 74 | |
| 75 *exclusive* *inclusive* | |
| 456 | 76 A character motion is either inclusive or exclusive. When inclusive, the |
| 77 start and end position of the motion are included in the operation. When | |
| 78 exclusive, the last character towards the end of the buffer is not included. | |
| 79 Linewise motions always include the start and end position. | |
| 7 | 80 |
| 456 | 81 Which motions are linewise, inclusive or exclusive is mentioned with the |
| 82 command. There are however, two general exceptions: | |
| 7 | 83 1. If the motion is exclusive and the end of the motion is in column 1, the |
| 84 end of the motion is moved to the end of the previous line and the motion | |
| 85 becomes inclusive. Example: "}" moves to the first line after a paragraph, | |
| 86 but "d}" will not include that line. | |
| 20 | 87 *exclusive-linewise* |
| 7 | 88 2. If the motion is exclusive, the end of the motion is in column 1 and the |
| 89 start of the motion was at or before the first non-blank in the line, the | |
| 90 motion becomes linewise. Example: If a paragraph begins with some blanks | |
| 91 and you do "d}" while standing on the first non-blank, all the lines of | |
| 92 the paragraph are deleted, including the blanks. If you do a put now, the | |
| 93 deleted lines will be inserted below the cursor position. | |
| 94 | |
| 95 Note that when the operator is pending (the operator command is typed, but the | |
| 96 motion isn't yet), a special set of mappings can be used. See |:omap|. | |
| 97 | |
| 98 Instead of first giving the operator and then a motion you can use Visual | |
| 99 mode: mark the start of the text with "v", move the cursor to the end of the | |
| 100 text that is to be affected and then hit the operator. The text between the | |
| 101 start and the cursor position is highlighted, so you can see what text will | |
| 102 be operated upon. This allows much more freedom, but requires more key | |
| 103 strokes and has limited redo functionality. See the chapter on Visual mode | |
| 104 |Visual-mode|. | |
| 105 | |
| 106 You can use a ":" command for a motion. For example "d:call FindEnd()". | |
| 4229 | 107 But this can't be repeated with "." if the command is more than one line. |
| 7 | 108 This can be repeated: > |
| 109 d:call search("f")<CR> | |
| 110 This cannot be repeated: > | |
| 111 d:if 1<CR> | |
| 112 call search("f")<CR> | |
| 113 endif<CR> | |
| 4229 | 114 Note that when using ":" any motion becomes characterwise exclusive. |
| 7 | 115 |
| 116 | |
| 117 FORCING A MOTION TO BE LINEWISE, CHARACTERWISE OR BLOCKWISE | |
| 118 | |
| 119 When a motion is not of the type you would like to use, you can force another | |
| 120 type by using "v", "V" or CTRL-V just after the operator. | |
| 121 Example: > | |
| 122 dj | |
| 123 deletes two lines > | |
| 124 dvj | |
| 125 deletes from the cursor position until the character below the cursor > | |
| 126 d<C-V>j | |
| 127 deletes the character under the cursor and the character below the cursor. > | |
| 128 | |
| 129 Be careful with forcing a linewise movement to be used characterwise or | |
| 130 blockwise, the column may not always be defined. | |
| 131 | |
| 132 *o_v* | |
| 133 v When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
| 134 the operator to work characterwise, also when the motion is | |
| 135 linewise. If the motion was linewise, it will become | |
| 136 |exclusive|. | |
| 137 If the motion already was characterwise, toggle | |
| 138 inclusive/exclusive. This can be used to make an exclusive | |
| 139 motion inclusive and an inclusive motion exclusive. | |
| 140 | |
| 141 *o_V* | |
| 142 V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
| 143 the operator to work linewise, also when the motion is | |
| 144 characterwise. | |
| 145 | |
| 146 *o_CTRL-V* | |
| 147 CTRL-V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
| 148 the operator to work blockwise. This works like Visual block | |
| 149 mode selection, with the corners defined by the cursor | |
| 150 position before and after the motion. | |
| 151 | |
| 152 ============================================================================== | |
| 153 2. Left-right motions *left-right-motions* | |
| 154 | |
|
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155 These commands move the cursor to the specified column in the current line. |
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156 They stop at the first column and at the end of the line, except "$", which |
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157 may move to one of the next lines. See 'whichwrap' option to make some of the |
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158 commands move across line boundaries. |
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159 |
| 7 | 160 h or *h* |
| 161 <Left> or *<Left>* | |
| 162 CTRL-H or *CTRL-H* *<BS>* | |
| 163 <BS> [count] characters to the left. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 164 Note: If you prefer <BS> to delete a character, use | |
| 165 the mapping: | |
| 166 :map CTRL-V<BS> X | |
| 167 (to enter "CTRL-V<BS>" type the CTRL-V key, followed | |
| 168 by the <BS> key) | |
| 169 See |:fixdel| if the <BS> key does not do what you | |
| 170 want. | |
| 171 | |
| 172 l or *l* | |
| 173 <Right> or *<Right>* *<Space>* | |
| 174 <Space> [count] characters to the right. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 175 | |
| 176 *0* | |
| 177 0 To the first character of the line. |exclusive| | |
| 1121 | 178 motion. |
| 7 | 179 |
| 180 *<Home>* *<kHome>* | |
| 181 <Home> To the first character of the line. |exclusive| | |
| 1121 | 182 motion. When moving up or down next, stay in same |
| 183 TEXT column (if possible). Most other commands stay | |
| 184 in the same SCREEN column. <Home> works like "1|", | |
| 185 which differs from "0" when the line starts with a | |
| 186 <Tab>. {not in Vi} | |
| 7 | 187 |
| 188 *^* | |
| 189 ^ To the first non-blank character of the line. | |
| 190 |exclusive| motion. | |
| 191 | |
| 192 *$* *<End>* *<kEnd>* | |
| 193 $ or <End> To the end of the line. When a count is given also go | |
| 194 [count - 1] lines downward |inclusive|. | |
| 195 In Visual mode the cursor goes to just after the last | |
| 196 character in the line. | |
| 197 When 'virtualedit' is active, "$" may move the cursor | |
| 198 back from past the end of the line to the last | |
| 199 character in the line. | |
| 200 | |
| 201 *g_* | |
| 202 g_ To the last non-blank character of the line and | |
| 203 [count - 1] lines downward |inclusive|. {not in Vi} | |
| 204 | |
| 205 *g0* *g<Home>* | |
| 206 g0 or g<Home> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first character of | |
| 207 the screen line. |exclusive| motion. Differs from | |
| 208 "0" when a line is wider than the screen. | |
| 209 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost | |
| 210 character of the current line that is on the screen. | |
| 211 Differs from "0" when the first character of the line | |
| 212 is not on the screen. {not in Vi} | |
| 213 | |
| 214 *g^* | |
| 215 g^ When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first non-blank | |
| 216 character of the screen line. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 217 Differs from "^" when a line is wider than the screen. | |
| 218 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost | |
| 219 non-blank character of the current line that is on the | |
| 220 screen. Differs from "^" when the first non-blank | |
| 221 character of the line is not on the screen. {not in | |
| 222 Vi} | |
| 223 | |
| 224 *gm* | |
| 225 gm Like "g0", but half a screenwidth to the right (or as | |
| 226 much as possible). {not in Vi} | |
| 227 | |
| 228 *g$* *g<End>* | |
| 229 g$ or g<End> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the last character of | |
| 230 the screen line and [count - 1] screen lines downward | |
| 231 |inclusive|. Differs from "$" when a line is wider | |
| 232 than the screen. | |
| 233 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the rightmost | |
| 234 character of the current line that is visible on the | |
| 235 screen. Differs from "$" when the last character of | |
| 236 the line is not on the screen or when a count is used. | |
| 237 Additionally, vertical movements keep the column, | |
| 238 instead of going to the end of the line. | |
| 239 {not in Vi} | |
| 240 | |
| 241 *bar* | |
| 242 | To screen column [count] in the current line. | |
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243 |exclusive| motion. Ceci n'est pas une pipe. |
| 7 | 244 |
| 245 *f* | |
| 246 f{char} To [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the right. The | |
| 247 cursor is placed on {char} |inclusive|. | |
| 248 {char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|. | |
| 249 When 'encoding' is set to Unicode, composing | |
| 250 characters may be used, see |utf-8-char-arg|. | |
| 251 |:lmap| mappings apply to {char}. The CTRL-^ command | |
| 252 in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off | |
| 253 |i_CTRL-^|. | |
| 254 | |
| 255 *F* | |
| 256 F{char} To the [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the left. | |
| 456 | 257 The cursor is placed on {char} |exclusive|. |
| 7 | 258 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. |
| 259 | |
| 260 *t* | |
| 261 t{char} Till before [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the | |
| 262 right. The cursor is placed on the character left of | |
| 263 {char} |inclusive|. | |
| 264 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. | |
| 265 | |
| 266 *T* | |
| 267 T{char} Till after [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the | |
| 268 left. The cursor is placed on the character right of | |
| 456 | 269 {char} |exclusive|. |
| 7 | 270 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. |
| 271 | |
| 272 *;* | |
| 2925 | 273 ; Repeat latest f, t, F or T [count] times. See |cpo-;| |
| 7 | 274 |
| 275 *,* | |
| 276 , Repeat latest f, t, F or T in opposite direction | |
| 2925 | 277 [count] times. See also |cpo-;| |
| 7 | 278 |
| 279 ============================================================================== | |
| 280 3. Up-down motions *up-down-motions* | |
| 281 | |
| 282 k or *k* | |
| 283 <Up> or *<Up>* *CTRL-P* | |
| 284 CTRL-P [count] lines upward |linewise|. | |
| 285 | |
| 286 j or *j* | |
| 287 <Down> or *<Down>* | |
| 288 CTRL-J or *CTRL-J* | |
| 289 <NL> or *<NL>* *CTRL-N* | |
| 290 CTRL-N [count] lines downward |linewise|. | |
| 291 | |
| 292 gk or *gk* *g<Up>* | |
| 293 g<Up> [count] display lines upward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 294 Differs from 'k' when lines wrap, and when used with | |
| 295 an operator, because it's not linewise. {not in Vi} | |
| 296 | |
| 297 gj or *gj* *g<Down>* | |
| 298 g<Down> [count] display lines downward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 299 Differs from 'j' when lines wrap, and when used with | |
| 300 an operator, because it's not linewise. {not in Vi} | |
| 301 | |
| 302 *-* | |
| 303 - <minus> [count] lines upward, on the first non-blank | |
| 304 character |linewise|. | |
| 305 | |
| 306 + or *+* | |
| 307 CTRL-M or *CTRL-M* *<CR>* | |
| 308 <CR> [count] lines downward, on the first non-blank | |
| 309 character |linewise|. | |
| 310 | |
| 311 *_* | |
| 312 _ <underscore> [count] - 1 lines downward, on the first non-blank | |
| 313 character |linewise|. | |
| 314 | |
| 315 *G* | |
| 316 G Goto line [count], default last line, on the first | |
| 317 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not | |
| 318 set, keep the same column. | |
| 2152 | 319 G is a one of |jump-motions|. |
| 7 | 320 |
| 321 *<C-End>* | |
| 322 <C-End> Goto line [count], default last line, on the last | |
| 323 character |inclusive|. {not in Vi} | |
| 324 | |
| 325 <C-Home> or *gg* *<C-Home>* | |
| 326 gg Goto line [count], default first line, on the first | |
| 327 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not | |
| 328 set, keep the same column. | |
| 329 | |
| 3750 | 330 *:[range]* |
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331 :[range] Set the cursor on the last line number in [range]. |
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332 [range] can also be just one line number, e.g., ":1" |
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333 or ":'m". |
| 2152 | 334 In contrast with |G| this command does not modify the |
| 335 |jumplist|. | |
| 7 | 336 *N%* |
| 337 {count}% Go to {count} percentage in the file, on the first | |
| 338 non-blank in the line |linewise|. To compute the new | |
| 339 line number this formula is used: | |
| 340 ({count} * number-of-lines + 99) / 100 | |
| 341 See also 'startofline' option. {not in Vi} | |
| 342 | |
| 343 :[range]go[to] [count] *:go* *:goto* *go* | |
| 344 [count]go Go to {count} byte in the buffer. Default [count] is | |
| 345 one, start of the file. When giving [range], the | |
| 346 last number in it used as the byte count. End-of-line | |
| 347 characters are counted depending on the current | |
| 348 'fileformat' setting. | |
| 2908 | 349 Also see the |line2byte()| function, and the 'o' |
| 350 option in 'statusline'. | |
| 7 | 351 {not in Vi} |
| 352 {not available when compiled without the | |
| 353 |+byte_offset| feature} | |
| 354 | |
| 355 These commands move to the specified line. They stop when reaching the first | |
| 356 or the last line. The first two commands put the cursor in the same column | |
| 357 (if possible) as it was after the last command that changed the column, | |
| 358 except after the "$" command, then the cursor will be put on the last | |
| 359 character of the line. | |
| 360 | |
| 161 | 361 If "k", "-" or CTRL-P is used with a [count] and there are less than [count] |
| 362 lines above the cursor and the 'cpo' option includes the "-" flag it is an | |
| 363 error. |cpo--|. | |
| 364 | |
| 7 | 365 ============================================================================== |
| 366 4. Word motions *word-motions* | |
| 367 | |
| 368 <S-Right> or *<S-Right>* *w* | |
| 369 w [count] words forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 370 | |
| 371 <C-Right> or *<C-Right>* *W* | |
| 372 W [count] WORDS forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 373 | |
| 374 *e* | |
| 375 e Forward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|. | |
| 1621 | 376 Does not stop in an empty line. |
| 7 | 377 |
| 378 *E* | |
| 379 E Forward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|. | |
| 1621 | 380 Does not stop in an empty line. |
| 7 | 381 |
| 382 <S-Left> or *<S-Left>* *b* | |
| 383 b [count] words backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 384 | |
| 385 <C-Left> or *<C-Left>* *B* | |
| 386 B [count] WORDS backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 387 | |
| 388 *ge* | |
| 389 ge Backward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|. | |
| 390 | |
| 391 *gE* | |
| 392 gE Backward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|. | |
| 393 | |
| 394 These commands move over words or WORDS. | |
| 395 *word* | |
| 396 A word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores, or a | |
| 397 sequence of other non-blank characters, separated with white space (spaces, | |
| 625 | 398 tabs, <EOL>). This can be changed with the 'iskeyword' option. An empty line |
| 399 is also considered to be a word. | |
| 7 | 400 *WORD* |
| 401 A WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white | |
| 625 | 402 space. An empty line is also considered to be a WORD. |
| 7 | 403 |
| 404 A sequence of folded lines is counted for one word of a single character. | |
| 405 "w" and "W", "e" and "E" move to the start/end of the first word or WORD after | |
| 406 a range of folded lines. "b" and "B" move to the start of the first word or | |
| 407 WORD before the fold. | |
| 408 | |
| 409 Special case: "cw" and "cW" are treated like "ce" and "cE" if the cursor is | |
| 410 on a non-blank. This is because "cw" is interpreted as change-word, and a | |
| 411 word does not include the following white space. {Vi: "cw" when on a blank | |
| 412 followed by other blanks changes only the first blank; this is probably a | |
| 413 bug, because "dw" deletes all the blanks} | |
| 414 | |
| 415 Another special case: When using the "w" motion in combination with an | |
| 416 operator and the last word moved over is at the end of a line, the end of | |
| 417 that word becomes the end of the operated text, not the first word in the | |
| 418 next line. | |
| 419 | |
| 420 The original Vi implementation of "e" is buggy. For example, the "e" command | |
| 421 will stop on the first character of a line if the previous line was empty. | |
| 422 But when you use "2e" this does not happen. In Vim "ee" and "2e" are the | |
| 423 same, which is more logical. However, this causes a small incompatibility | |
| 424 between Vi and Vim. | |
| 425 | |
| 426 ============================================================================== | |
| 427 5. Text object motions *object-motions* | |
| 428 | |
| 429 *(* | |
| 430 ( [count] sentences backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 431 | |
| 432 *)* | |
| 433 ) [count] sentences forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 434 | |
| 435 *{* | |
| 436 { [count] paragraphs backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 437 | |
| 438 *}* | |
| 439 } [count] paragraphs forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 440 | |
| 441 *]]* | |
| 442 ]] [count] sections forward or to the next '{' in the | |
| 20 | 443 first column. When used after an operator, then also |
| 444 stops below a '}' in the first column. |exclusive| | |
| 445 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
| 7 | 446 |
| 447 *][* | |
| 448 ][ [count] sections forward or to the next '}' in the | |
| 20 | 449 first column. |exclusive| |
| 450 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
| 7 | 451 |
| 452 *[[* | |
| 453 [[ [count] sections backward or to the previous '{' in | |
| 20 | 454 the first column. |exclusive| |
| 455 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
| 7 | 456 |
| 457 *[]* | |
| 458 [] [count] sections backward or to the previous '}' in | |
| 20 | 459 the first column. |exclusive| |
| 460 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
| 7 | 461 |
| 462 These commands move over three kinds of text objects. | |
| 463 | |
| 464 *sentence* | |
| 465 A sentence is defined as ending at a '.', '!' or '?' followed by either the | |
| 466 end of a line, or by a space or tab. Any number of closing ')', ']', '"' | |
| 467 and ''' characters may appear after the '.', '!' or '?' before the spaces, | |
| 468 tabs or end of line. A paragraph and section boundary is also a sentence | |
| 469 boundary. | |
| 470 If the 'J' flag is present in 'cpoptions', at least two spaces have to | |
| 471 follow the punctuation mark; <Tab>s are not recognized as white space. | |
| 472 The definition of a sentence cannot be changed. | |
| 473 | |
| 474 *paragraph* | |
| 475 A paragraph begins after each empty line, and also at each of a set of | |
| 476 paragraph macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the 'paragraphs' | |
| 1621 | 477 option. The default is "IPLPPPQPP TPHPLIPpLpItpplpipbp", which corresponds to |
| 478 the macros ".IP", ".LP", etc. (These are nroff macros, so the dot must be in | |
| 479 the first column). A section boundary is also a paragraph boundary. | |
| 164 | 480 Note that a blank line (only containing white space) is NOT a paragraph |
| 481 boundary. | |
| 482 Also note that this does not include a '{' or '}' in the first column. When | |
| 483 the '{' flag is in 'cpoptions' then '{' in the first column is used as a | |
| 484 paragraph boundary |posix|. | |
| 7 | 485 |
| 486 *section* | |
| 487 A section begins after a form-feed (<C-L>) in the first column and at each of | |
| 488 a set of section macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the | |
| 489 'sections' option. The default is "SHNHH HUnhsh", which defines a section to | |
| 490 start at the nroff macros ".SH", ".NH", ".H", ".HU", ".nh" and ".sh". | |
| 491 | |
| 492 The "]" and "[" commands stop at the '{' or '}' in the first column. This is | |
| 493 useful to find the start or end of a function in a C program. Note that the | |
| 494 first character of the command determines the search direction and the | |
| 495 second character the type of brace found. | |
| 496 | |
| 497 If your '{' or '}' are not in the first column, and you would like to use "[[" | |
| 498 and "]]" anyway, try these mappings: > | |
| 499 :map [[ ?{<CR>w99[{ | |
| 500 :map ][ /}<CR>b99]} | |
| 501 :map ]] j0[[%/{<CR> | |
| 502 :map [] k$][%?}<CR> | |
| 503 [type these literally, see |<>|] | |
| 504 | |
| 505 ============================================================================== | |
| 506 6. Text object selection *object-select* *text-objects* | |
| 507 *v_a* *v_i* | |
| 508 | |
| 509 This is a series of commands that can only be used while in Visual mode or | |
| 510 after an operator. The commands that start with "a" select "a"n object | |
| 511 including white space, the commands starting with "i" select an "inner" object | |
| 512 without white space, or just the white space. Thus the "inner" commands | |
| 513 always select less text than the "a" commands. | |
| 514 | |
| 515 These commands are {not in Vi}. | |
| 516 These commands are not available when the |+textobjects| feature has been | |
| 517 disabled at compile time. | |
| 3713 | 518 Also see `gn` and `gN`, operating on the last search pattern. |
| 519 | |
| 7 | 520 *v_aw* *aw* |
| 521 aw "a word", select [count] words (see |word|). | |
| 522 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not | |
| 523 counted. | |
| 524 When used in Visual linewise mode "aw" switches to | |
| 525 Visual characterwise mode. | |
| 526 | |
| 527 *v_iw* *iw* | |
| 528 iw "inner word", select [count] words (see |word|). | |
| 529 White space between words is counted too. | |
| 530 When used in Visual linewise mode "iw" switches to | |
| 531 Visual characterwise mode. | |
| 532 | |
| 533 *v_aW* *aW* | |
| 534 aW "a WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|). | |
| 535 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not | |
| 536 counted. | |
| 537 When used in Visual linewise mode "aW" switches to | |
| 538 Visual characterwise mode. | |
| 539 | |
| 540 *v_iW* *iW* | |
| 541 iW "inner WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|). | |
| 542 White space between words is counted too. | |
| 543 When used in Visual linewise mode "iW" switches to | |
| 544 Visual characterwise mode. | |
| 545 | |
| 546 *v_as* *as* | |
| 547 as "a sentence", select [count] sentences (see | |
| 548 |sentence|). | |
| 549 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 550 | |
| 551 *v_is* *is* | |
| 552 is "inner sentence", select [count] sentences (see | |
| 553 |sentence|). | |
| 554 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 555 | |
| 556 *v_ap* *ap* | |
| 557 ap "a paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see | |
| 558 |paragraph|). | |
| 559 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space) | |
| 560 is also a paragraph boundary. | |
| 561 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise. | |
| 562 | |
| 563 *v_ip* *ip* | |
| 564 ip "inner paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see | |
| 565 |paragraph|). | |
| 566 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space) | |
| 567 is also a paragraph boundary. | |
| 568 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise. | |
| 569 | |
| 570 a] *v_a]* *v_a[* *a]* *a[* | |
| 571 a[ "a [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This | |
| 572 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds | |
| 573 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected, | |
| 574 including the '[' and ']'. | |
| 575 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 576 | |
| 577 i] *v_i]* *v_i[* *i]* *i[* | |
| 578 i[ "inner [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This | |
| 579 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds | |
| 580 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected, | |
| 581 excluding the '[' and ']'. | |
| 582 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 583 | |
| 584 a) *v_a)* *a)* *a(* | |
| 585 a( *v_ab* *v_a(* *ab* | |
| 586 ab "a block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" to | |
| 587 the matching ')', including the '(' and ')' (see | |
| 588 |[(|). Does not include white space outside of the | |
| 589 parenthesis. | |
| 590 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 591 | |
| 592 i) *v_i)* *i)* *i(* | |
| 593 i( *v_ib* *v_i(* *ib* | |
| 594 ib "inner block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" | |
| 595 to the matching ')', excluding the '(' and ')' (see | |
| 596 |[(|). | |
| 597 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 598 | |
| 599 a> *v_a>* *v_a<* *a>* *a<* | |
| 600 a< "a <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from the | |
| 601 [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching | |
| 602 '>', including the '<' and '>'. | |
| 603 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 604 | |
| 605 i> *v_i>* *v_i<* *i>* *i<* | |
| 606 i< "inner <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from | |
| 607 the [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching | |
| 608 '>', excluding the '<' and '>'. | |
| 609 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 610 | |
| 422 | 611 *v_at* *at* |
| 612 at "a tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the | |
| 613 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching | |
| 614 "</aaa>", including the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>". | |
| 615 See |tag-blocks| about the details. | |
| 616 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 617 | |
| 618 *v_it* *it* | |
| 619 it "inner tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the | |
| 620 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching | |
| 621 "</aaa>", excluding the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>". | |
| 622 See |tag-blocks| about the details. | |
| 623 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 624 | |
| 7 | 625 a} *v_a}* *a}* *a{* |
| 626 a{ *v_aB* *v_a{* *aB* | |
| 627 aB "a Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" to | |
| 628 the matching '}', including the '{' and '}' (see | |
| 629 |[{|). | |
| 630 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 631 | |
| 632 i} *v_i}* *i}* *i{* | |
| 633 i{ *v_iB* *v_i{* *iB* | |
| 634 iB "inner Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" | |
| 635 to the matching '}', excluding the '{' and '}' (see | |
| 636 |[{|). | |
| 637 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 638 | |
| 12 | 639 a" *v_aquote* *aquote* |
| 640 a' *v_a'* *a'* | |
| 641 a` *v_a`* *a`* | |
| 642 "a quoted string". Selects the text from the previous | |
| 849 | 643 quote until the next quote. The 'quoteescape' option |
| 644 is used to skip escaped quotes. | |
| 645 Only works within one line. | |
| 12 | 646 When the cursor starts on a quote, Vim will figure out |
| 647 which quote pairs form a string by searching from the | |
| 648 start of the line. | |
|
2033
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
649 Any trailing white space is included, unless there is |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
650 none, then leading white space is included. |
| 12 | 651 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
| 652 Repeating this object in Visual mode another string is | |
| 653 included. A count is currently not used. | |
| 654 | |
| 655 i" *v_iquote* *iquote* | |
| 656 i' *v_i'* *i'* | |
| 657 i` *v_i`* *i`* | |
| 658 Like a", a' and a`, but exclude the quotes and | |
| 659 repeating won't extend the Visual selection. | |
| 527 | 660 Special case: With a count of 2 the quotes are |
| 661 included, but no extra white space as with a"/a'/a`. | |
| 12 | 662 |
| 7 | 663 When used after an operator: |
| 664 For non-block objects: | |
| 665 For the "a" commands: The operator applies to the object and the white | |
| 666 space after the object. If there is no white space after the object | |
| 667 or when the cursor was in the white space before the object, the white | |
| 668 space before the object is included. | |
| 669 For the "inner" commands: If the cursor was on the object, the | |
| 670 operator applies to the object. If the cursor was on white space, the | |
| 671 operator applies to the white space. | |
| 672 For a block object: | |
| 673 The operator applies to the block where the cursor is in, or the block | |
| 674 on which the cursor is on one of the braces. For the "inner" commands | |
| 675 the surrounding braces are excluded. For the "a" commands, the braces | |
| 676 are included. | |
| 677 | |
| 678 When used in Visual mode: | |
| 679 When start and end of the Visual area are the same (just after typing "v"): | |
| 680 One object is selected, the same as for using an operator. | |
| 681 When start and end of the Visual area are not the same: | |
| 682 For non-block objects the area is extended by one object or the white | |
| 683 space up to the next object, or both for the "a" objects. The | |
| 684 direction in which this happens depends on which side of the Visual | |
| 685 area the cursor is. For the block objects the block is extended one | |
| 686 level outwards. | |
| 687 | |
| 688 For illustration, here is a list of delete commands, grouped from small to big | |
| 689 objects. Note that for a single character and a whole line the existing vi | |
| 690 movement commands are used. | |
| 691 "dl" delete character (alias: "x") |dl| | |
| 692 "diw" delete inner word *diw* | |
| 693 "daw" delete a word *daw* | |
| 694 "diW" delete inner WORD (see |WORD|) *diW* | |
| 695 "daW" delete a WORD (see |WORD|) *daW* | |
| 3713 | 696 "dgn" delete the next search pattern match *dgn* |
| 7 | 697 "dd" delete one line |dd| |
| 698 "dis" delete inner sentence *dis* | |
| 699 "das" delete a sentence *das* | |
| 700 "dib" delete inner '(' ')' block *dib* | |
| 701 "dab" delete a '(' ')' block *dab* | |
| 702 "dip" delete inner paragraph *dip* | |
| 703 "dap" delete a paragraph *dap* | |
| 704 "diB" delete inner '{' '}' block *diB* | |
| 705 "daB" delete a '{' '}' block *daB* | |
| 706 | |
| 707 Note the difference between using a movement command and an object. The | |
| 708 movement command operates from here (cursor position) to where the movement | |
| 709 takes us. When using an object the whole object is operated upon, no matter | |
| 710 where on the object the cursor is. For example, compare "dw" and "daw": "dw" | |
| 711 deletes from the cursor position to the start of the next word, "daw" deletes | |
| 712 the word under the cursor and the space after or before it. | |
| 713 | |
| 422 | 714 |
| 715 Tag blocks *tag-blocks* | |
| 716 | |
| 717 For the "it" and "at" text objects an attempt is done to select blocks between | |
| 718 matching tags for HTML and XML. But since these are not completely compatible | |
| 719 there are a few restrictions. | |
| 720 | |
| 721 The normal method is to select a <tag> until the matching </tag>. For "at" | |
| 722 the tags are included, for "it" they are excluded. But when "it" is repeated | |
| 853 | 723 the tags will be included (otherwise nothing would change). Also, "it" used |
| 724 on a tag block with no contents will select the leading tag. | |
| 422 | 725 |
| 726 "<aaa/>" items are skipped. Case is ignored, also for XML where case does | |
| 727 matter. | |
| 728 | |
| 729 In HTML it is possible to have a tag like <br> or <meta ...> without a | |
| 730 matching end tag. These are ignored. | |
| 731 | |
| 732 The text objects are tolerant about mistakes. Stray end tags are ignored. | |
| 733 | |
| 7 | 734 ============================================================================== |
| 735 7. Marks *mark-motions* *E20* *E78* | |
| 736 | |
| 737 Jumping to a mark can be done in two ways: | |
| 738 1. With ` (backtick): The cursor is positioned at the specified location | |
| 739 and the motion is |exclusive|. | |
| 740 2. With ' (single quote): The cursor is positioned on the first non-blank | |
| 741 character in the line of the specified location and | |
| 742 the motion is linewise. | |
| 743 | |
| 744 *m* *mark* *Mark* | |
| 745 m{a-zA-Z} Set mark {a-zA-Z} at cursor position (does not move | |
| 746 the cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
| 747 | |
| 748 *m'* *m`* | |
| 749 m' or m` Set the previous context mark. This can be jumped to | |
| 750 with the "''" or "``" command (does not move the | |
| 751 cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
| 752 | |
| 753 *m[* *m]* | |
| 754 m[ or m] Set the |'[| or |']| mark. Useful when an operator is | |
| 755 to be simulated by multiple commands. (does not move | |
| 756 the cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
| 757 | |
| 3682 | 758 *m<* *m>* |
| 759 m< or m> Set the |'<| or |'>| mark. Useful to change what the | |
| 760 `gv` command selects. (does not move the cursor, this | |
| 761 is not a motion command). | |
| 762 Note that the Visual mode cannot be set, only the | |
| 763 start and end position. | |
| 764 | |
| 7 | 765 *:ma* *:mark* *E191* |
| 9 | 766 :[range]ma[rk] {a-zA-Z'} |
| 767 Set mark {a-zA-Z'} at last line number in [range], | |
| 7 | 768 column 0. Default is cursor line. |
| 769 | |
| 770 *:k* | |
| 9 | 771 :[range]k{a-zA-Z'} Same as :mark, but the space before the mark name can |
| 7 | 772 be omitted. |
| 773 | |
| 774 *'* *'a* *`* *`a* | |
| 1121 | 775 '{a-z} `{a-z} Jump to the mark {a-z} in the current buffer. |
| 7 | 776 |
| 777 *'A* *'0* *`A* *`0* | |
| 1121 | 778 '{A-Z0-9} `{A-Z0-9} To the mark {A-Z0-9} in the file where it was set (not |
| 779 a motion command when in another file). {not in Vi} | |
| 7 | 780 |
| 781 *g'* *g'a* *g`* *g`a* | |
| 782 g'{mark} g`{mark} | |
| 783 Jump to the {mark}, but don't change the jumplist when | |
| 784 jumping within the current buffer. Example: > | |
| 785 g`" | |
| 786 < jumps to the last known position in a file. See | |
| 9 | 787 $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim. |
| 788 Also see |:keepjumps|. | |
| 789 {not in Vi} | |
| 7 | 790 |
| 791 *:marks* | |
| 792 :marks List all the current marks (not a motion command). | |
| 793 The |'(|, |')|, |'{| and |'}| marks are not listed. | |
| 843 | 794 The first column has number zero. |
| 7 | 795 {not in Vi} |
| 796 *E283* | |
| 797 :marks {arg} List the marks that are mentioned in {arg} (not a | |
| 798 motion command). For example: > | |
| 799 :marks aB | |
| 800 < to list marks 'a' and 'B'. {not in Vi} | |
| 801 | |
| 24 | 802 *:delm* *:delmarks* |
| 856 | 803 :delm[arks] {marks} Delete the specified marks. Marks that can be deleted |
| 24 | 804 include A-Z and 0-9. You cannot delete the ' mark. |
| 805 They can be specified by giving the list of mark | |
| 806 names, or with a range, separated with a dash. Spaces | |
| 807 are ignored. Examples: > | |
| 808 :delmarks a deletes mark a | |
| 809 :delmarks a b 1 deletes marks a, b and 1 | |
| 810 :delmarks Aa deletes marks A and a | |
| 811 :delmarks p-z deletes marks in the range p to z | |
| 812 :delmarks ^.[] deletes marks ^ . [ ] | |
| 813 :delmarks \" deletes mark " | |
| 814 < {not in Vi} | |
| 815 | |
| 816 :delm[arks]! Delete all marks for the current buffer, but not marks | |
| 817 A-Z or 0-9. | |
| 818 {not in Vi} | |
| 819 | |
| 7 | 820 A mark is not visible in any way. It is just a position in the file that is |
| 821 remembered. Do not confuse marks with named registers, they are totally | |
| 822 unrelated. | |
| 823 | |
| 824 'a - 'z lowercase marks, valid within one file | |
| 825 'A - 'Z uppercase marks, also called file marks, valid between files | |
| 826 '0 - '9 numbered marks, set from .viminfo file | |
| 827 | |
| 828 Lowercase marks 'a to 'z are remembered as long as the file remains in the | |
| 829 buffer list. If you remove the file from the buffer list, all its marks are | |
| 830 lost. If you delete a line that contains a mark, that mark is erased. | |
| 831 | |
| 832 Lowercase marks can be used in combination with operators. For example: "d't" | |
| 833 deletes the lines from the cursor position to mark 't'. Hint: Use mark 't' for | |
| 834 Top, 'b' for Bottom, etc.. Lowercase marks are restored when using undo and | |
| 835 redo. | |
| 836 | |
| 837 Uppercase marks 'A to 'Z include the file name. {Vi: no uppercase marks} You | |
| 838 can use them to jump from file to file. You can only use an uppercase mark | |
| 839 with an operator if the mark is in the current file. The line number of the | |
| 840 mark remains correct, even if you insert/delete lines or edit another file for | |
| 841 a moment. When the 'viminfo' option is not empty, uppercase marks are kept in | |
| 842 the .viminfo file. See |viminfo-file-marks|. | |
| 843 | |
| 844 Numbered marks '0 to '9 are quite different. They can not be set directly. | |
| 845 They are only present when using a viminfo file |viminfo-file|. Basically '0 | |
| 846 is the location of the cursor when you last exited Vim, '1 the last but one | |
| 847 time, etc. Use the "r" flag in 'viminfo' to specify files for which no | |
| 848 Numbered mark should be stored. See |viminfo-file-marks|. | |
| 849 | |
| 850 | |
| 851 *'[* *`[* | |
| 852 '[ `[ To the first character of the previously changed | |
| 853 or yanked text. {not in Vi} | |
| 854 | |
| 855 *']* *`]* | |
| 856 '] `] To the last character of the previously changed or | |
| 857 yanked text. {not in Vi} | |
| 858 | |
| 859 After executing an operator the Cursor is put at the beginning of the text | |
| 860 that was operated upon. After a put command ("p" or "P") the cursor is | |
| 861 sometimes placed at the first inserted line and sometimes on the last inserted | |
| 862 character. The four commands above put the cursor at either end. Example: | |
| 863 After yanking 10 lines you want to go to the last one of them: "10Y']". After | |
| 864 inserting several lines with the "p" command you want to jump to the lowest | |
| 865 inserted line: "p']". This also works for text that has been inserted. | |
| 866 | |
| 867 Note: After deleting text, the start and end positions are the same, except | |
| 868 when using blockwise Visual mode. These commands do not work when no change | |
| 869 was made yet in the current file. | |
| 870 | |
| 871 *'<* *`<* | |
| 1698 | 872 '< `< To the first line or character of the last selected |
| 873 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it | |
| 874 may also be the last character in the first line (to | |
| 875 be able to define the block). {not in Vi}. | |
| 7 | 876 |
| 877 *'>* *`>* | |
| 1698 | 878 '> `> To the last line or character of the last selected |
| 879 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it | |
| 880 may also be the first character of the last line (to | |
| 881 be able to define the block). Note that 'selection' | |
| 856 | 882 applies, the position may be just after the Visual |
| 883 area. {not in Vi}. | |
| 7 | 884 |
| 885 *''* *``* | |
| 36 | 886 '' `` To the position before the latest jump, or where the |
| 887 last "m'" or "m`" command was given. Not set when the | |
| 7 | 888 |:keepjumps| command modifier was used. |
| 889 Also see |restore-position|. | |
| 890 | |
| 891 *'quote* *`quote* | |
| 892 '" `" To the cursor position when last exiting the current | |
| 893 buffer. Defaults to the first character of the first | |
| 894 line. See |last-position-jump| for how to use this | |
| 895 for each opened file. | |
| 896 Only one position is remembered per buffer, not one | |
| 897 for each window. As long as the buffer is visible in | |
| 898 a window the position won't be changed. | |
| 899 {not in Vi}. | |
| 900 | |
| 901 *'^* *`^* | |
| 902 '^ `^ To the position where the cursor was the last time | |
| 42 | 903 when Insert mode was stopped. This is used by the |
| 904 |gi| command. Not set when the |:keepjumps| command | |
| 7 | 905 modifier was used. {not in Vi} |
| 906 | |
| 907 *'.* *`.* | |
| 908 '. `. To the position where the last change was made. The | |
| 909 position is at or near where the change started. | |
| 910 Sometimes a command is executed as several changes, | |
| 911 then the position can be near the end of what the | |
| 912 command changed. For example when inserting a word, | |
| 913 the position will be on the last character. | |
| 914 {not in Vi} | |
| 915 | |
| 916 *'(* *`(* | |
| 917 '( `( To the start of the current sentence, like the |(| | |
| 918 command. {not in Vi} | |
| 919 | |
| 920 *')* *`)* | |
| 921 ') `) To the end of the current sentence, like the |)| | |
| 922 command. {not in Vi} | |
| 923 | |
| 924 *'{* *`{* | |
| 925 '{ `{ To the start of the current paragraph, like the |{| | |
| 926 command. {not in Vi} | |
| 927 | |
| 928 *'}* *`}* | |
| 929 '} `} To the end of the current paragraph, like the |}| | |
| 930 command. {not in Vi} | |
| 931 | |
| 932 These commands are not marks themselves, but jump to a mark: | |
| 933 | |
| 934 *]'* | |
| 935 ]' [count] times to next line with a lowercase mark below | |
| 936 the cursor, on the first non-blank character in the | |
| 937 line. {not in Vi} | |
| 938 | |
| 939 *]`* | |
| 940 ]` [count] times to lowercase mark after the cursor. {not | |
| 941 in Vi} | |
| 942 | |
| 943 *['* | |
| 944 [' [count] times to previous line with a lowercase mark | |
| 945 before the cursor, on the first non-blank character in | |
| 946 the line. {not in Vi} | |
| 947 | |
| 948 *[`* | |
| 949 [` [count] times to lowercase mark before the cursor. | |
| 950 {not in Vi} | |
| 951 | |
| 952 | |
| 953 :loc[kmarks] {command} *:loc* *:lockmarks* | |
| 954 Execute {command} without adjusting marks. This is | |
| 955 useful when changing text in a way that the line count | |
| 956 will be the same when the change has completed. | |
| 957 WARNING: When the line count does change, marks below | |
| 958 the change will keep their line number, thus move to | |
| 959 another text line. | |
| 960 These items will not be adjusted for deleted/inserted | |
| 961 lines: | |
| 962 - lower case letter marks 'a - 'z | |
| 963 - upper case letter marks 'A - 'Z | |
| 964 - numbered marks '0 - '9 | |
| 965 - last insert position '^ | |
| 966 - last change position '. | |
| 967 - the Visual area '< and '> | |
| 968 - line numbers in placed signs | |
| 969 - line numbers in quickfix positions | |
| 970 - positions in the |jumplist| | |
| 971 - positions in the |tagstack| | |
| 972 These items will still be adjusted: | |
| 973 - previous context mark '' | |
| 974 - the cursor position | |
| 975 - the view of a window on a buffer | |
| 976 - folds | |
| 977 - diffs | |
| 978 | |
| 979 :kee[pmarks] {command} *:kee* *:keepmarks* | |
| 980 Currently only has effect for the filter command | |
| 981 |:range!|: | |
| 982 - When the number of lines after filtering is equal to | |
| 983 or larger than before, all marks are kept at the | |
| 984 same line number. | |
| 985 - When the number of lines decreases, the marks in the | |
| 9 | 986 lines that disappeared are deleted. |
| 7 | 987 In any case the marks below the filtered text have |
| 988 their line numbers adjusted, thus stick to the text, | |
| 989 as usual. | |
| 990 When the 'R' flag is missing from 'cpoptions' this has | |
| 991 the same effect as using ":keepmarks". | |
| 992 | |
| 993 *:keepj* *:keepjumps* | |
| 994 :keepj[umps] {command} | |
| 9 | 995 Moving around in {command} does not change the |''|, |
| 996 |'.| and |'^| marks, the |jumplist| or the | |
| 997 |changelist|. | |
| 998 Useful when making a change or inserting text | |
| 999 automatically and the user doesn't want to go to this | |
| 1000 position. E.g., when updating a "Last change" | |
| 1001 timestamp in the first line: > | |
| 1002 | |
| 586 | 1003 :let lnum = line(".") |
| 9 | 1004 :keepjumps normal gg |
| 1005 :call SetLastChange() | |
| 1006 :keepjumps exe "normal " . lnum . "G" | |
| 1007 < | |
| 1008 Note that ":keepjumps" must be used for every command. | |
| 1009 When invoking a function the commands in that function | |
| 856 | 1010 can still change the jumplist. Also, for |
| 85 | 1011 ":keepjumps exe 'command '" the "command" won't keep |
| 1012 jumps. Instead use: ":exe 'keepjumps command'" | |
| 7 | 1013 |
| 1014 ============================================================================== | |
| 1015 8. Jumps *jump-motions* | |
| 1016 | |
| 1017 A "jump" is one of the following commands: "'", "`", "G", "/", "?", "n", | |
| 1018 "N", "%", "(", ")", "[[", "]]", "{", "}", ":s", ":tag", "L", "M", "H" and | |
| 1019 the commands that start editing a new file. If you make the cursor "jump" | |
| 1020 with one of these commands, the position of the cursor before the jump is | |
| 1021 remembered. You can return to that position with the "''" and "``" command, | |
| 1022 unless the line containing that position was changed or deleted. | |
| 1023 | |
| 1024 *CTRL-O* | |
| 1025 CTRL-O Go to [count] Older cursor position in jump list | |
| 1026 (not a motion command). {not in Vi} | |
|
2570
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Make the references to features in the help more consistent. (Sylvain Hitier)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2561
diff
changeset
|
1027 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
| 7 | 1028 |
| 1029 <Tab> or *CTRL-I* *<Tab>* | |
| 1030 CTRL-I Go to [count] newer cursor position in jump list | |
| 1031 (not a motion command). | |
| 1032 {not in Vi} | |
|
2570
71b56b4e7785
Make the references to features in the help more consistent. (Sylvain Hitier)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2561
diff
changeset
|
1033 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
| 7 | 1034 |
| 1035 *:ju* *:jumps* | |
| 1036 :ju[mps] Print the jump list (not a motion command). {not in | |
|
2570
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Make the references to features in the help more consistent. (Sylvain Hitier)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2561
diff
changeset
|
1037 Vi} {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
| 7 | 1038 |
| 1039 *jumplist* | |
| 1040 Jumps are remembered in a jump list. With the CTRL-O and CTRL-I command you | |
| 1041 can go to cursor positions before older jumps, and back again. Thus you can | |
| 1042 move up and down the list. There is a separate jump list for each window. | |
| 1043 The maximum number of entries is fixed at 100. | |
|
2570
71b56b4e7785
Make the references to features in the help more consistent. (Sylvain Hitier)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2561
diff
changeset
|
1044 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
| 7 | 1045 |
| 1046 For example, after three jump commands you have this jump list: | |
| 1047 | |
| 2681 | 1048 jump line col file/text ~ |
| 7 | 1049 3 1 0 some text ~ |
| 1050 2 70 0 another line ~ | |
| 1051 1 1154 23 end. ~ | |
| 1052 > ~ | |
| 1053 | |
| 2681 | 1054 The "file/text" column shows the file name, or the text at the jump if it is |
| 7 | 1055 in the current file (an indent is removed and a long line is truncated to fit |
| 1056 in the window). | |
| 1057 | |
| 1058 You are currently in line 1167. If you then use the CTRL-O command, the | |
| 1059 cursor is put in line 1154. This results in: | |
| 1060 | |
| 2681 | 1061 jump line col file/text ~ |
| 7 | 1062 2 1 0 some text ~ |
| 1063 1 70 0 another line ~ | |
| 1064 > 0 1154 23 end. ~ | |
| 1065 1 1167 0 foo bar ~ | |
| 1066 | |
| 1067 The pointer will be set at the last used jump position. The next CTRL-O | |
| 1068 command will use the entry above it, the next CTRL-I command will use the | |
| 1069 entry below it. If the pointer is below the last entry, this indicates that | |
| 1070 you did not use a CTRL-I or CTRL-O before. In this case the CTRL-O command | |
| 1071 will cause the cursor position to be added to the jump list, so you can get | |
| 1072 back to the position before the CTRL-O. In this case this is line 1167. | |
| 1073 | |
| 1074 With more CTRL-O commands you will go to lines 70 and 1. If you use CTRL-I | |
| 1075 you can go back to 1154 and 1167 again. Note that the number in the "jump" | |
| 1076 column indicates the count for the CTRL-O or CTRL-I command that takes you to | |
| 1077 this position. | |
| 1078 | |
| 1079 If you use a jump command, the current line number is inserted at the end of | |
| 1080 the jump list. If the same line was already in the jump list, it is removed. | |
| 1081 The result is that when repeating CTRL-O you will get back to old positions | |
| 1082 only once. | |
| 1083 | |
| 1084 When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used, jumps are not stored in the | |
| 836 | 1085 jumplist. Jumps are also not stored in other cases, e.g., in a |:global| |
| 1086 command. You can explicitly add a jump by setting the ' mark. | |
| 7 | 1087 |
| 1088 After the CTRL-O command that got you into line 1154 you could give another | |
| 1089 jump command (e.g., "G"). The jump list would then become: | |
| 1090 | |
| 2681 | 1091 jump line col file/text ~ |
| 7 | 1092 4 1 0 some text ~ |
| 1093 3 70 0 another line ~ | |
| 1094 2 1167 0 foo bar ~ | |
| 1095 1 1154 23 end. ~ | |
| 1096 > ~ | |
| 1097 | |
| 1098 The line numbers will be adjusted for deleted and inserted lines. This fails | |
| 1099 if you stop editing a file without writing, like with ":n!". | |
| 1100 | |
| 1101 When you split a window, the jumplist will be copied to the new window. | |
| 1102 | |
| 1103 If you have included the ' item in the 'viminfo' option the jumplist will be | |
| 1104 stored in the viminfo file and restored when starting Vim. | |
| 1105 | |
| 1106 | |
| 1107 CHANGE LIST JUMPS *changelist* *change-list-jumps* *E664* | |
| 1108 | |
| 1109 When making a change the cursor position is remembered. One position is | |
| 1110 remembered for every change that can be undone, unless it is close to a | |
| 1111 previous change. Two commands can be used to jump to positions of changes, | |
| 1112 also those that have been undone: | |
| 1113 | |
| 1114 *g;* *E662* | |
| 1115 g; Go to [count] older position in change list. | |
| 1116 If [count] is larger than the number of older change | |
| 1117 positions go to the oldest change. | |
| 1118 If there is no older change an error message is given. | |
| 1119 (not a motion command) | |
| 1120 {not in Vi} | |
|
2570
71b56b4e7785
Make the references to features in the help more consistent. (Sylvain Hitier)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2561
diff
changeset
|
1121 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
| 7 | 1122 |
| 1123 *g,* *E663* | |
| 1124 g, Go to [count] newer cursor position in change list. | |
| 236 | 1125 Just like |g;| but in the opposite direction. |
| 7 | 1126 (not a motion command) |
| 1127 {not in Vi} | |
|
2570
71b56b4e7785
Make the references to features in the help more consistent. (Sylvain Hitier)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2561
diff
changeset
|
1128 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature} |
| 7 | 1129 |
| 1130 When using a count you jump as far back or forward as possible. Thus you can | |
| 1131 use "999g;" to go to the first change for which the position is still | |
| 1132 remembered. The number of entries in the change list is fixed and is the same | |
| 1133 as for the |jumplist|. | |
| 1134 | |
| 1135 When two undo-able changes are in the same line and at a column position less | |
| 1136 than 'textwidth' apart only the last one is remembered. This avoids that a | |
| 1137 sequence of small changes in a line, for example "xxxxx", adds many positions | |
| 1138 to the change list. When 'textwidth' is zero 'wrapmargin' is used. When that | |
| 1139 also isn't set a fixed number of 79 is used. Detail: For the computations | |
| 1140 bytes are used, not characters, to avoid a speed penalty (this only matters | |
| 1141 for multi-byte encodings). | |
| 1142 | |
| 1143 Note that when text has been inserted or deleted the cursor position might be | |
| 1144 a bit different from the position of the change. Especially when lines have | |
| 1145 been deleted. | |
| 1146 | |
| 1147 When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used the position of a change is not | |
| 1148 remembered. | |
| 1149 | |
| 1150 *:changes* | |
| 1151 :changes Print the change list. A ">" character indicates the | |
| 1152 current position. Just after a change it is below the | |
| 1153 newest entry, indicating that "g;" takes you to the | |
| 1154 newest entry position. The first column indicates the | |
| 1155 count needed to take you to this position. Example: | |
| 1156 | |
| 1157 change line col text ~ | |
| 1158 3 9 8 bla bla bla | |
| 1159 2 11 57 foo is a bar | |
| 1160 1 14 54 the latest changed line | |
| 1161 > | |
| 1162 | |
| 1163 The "3g;" command takes you to line 9. Then the | |
| 1164 output of ":changes is: | |
| 1165 | |
| 1166 change line col text ~ | |
| 1167 > 0 9 8 bla bla bla | |
| 1168 1 11 57 foo is a bar | |
| 1169 2 14 54 the latest changed line | |
| 1170 | |
| 1171 Now you can use "g," to go to line 11 and "2g," to go | |
| 1172 to line 14. | |
| 1173 | |
| 1174 ============================================================================== | |
| 1175 9. Various motions *various-motions* | |
| 1176 | |
| 1177 *%* | |
| 1178 % Find the next item in this line after or under the | |
| 1179 cursor and jump to its match. |inclusive| motion. | |
| 1180 Items can be: | |
| 1181 ([{}]) parenthesis or (curly/square) brackets | |
| 1182 (this can be changed with the | |
| 1183 'matchpairs' option) | |
| 1184 /* */ start or end of C-style comment | |
| 1185 #if, #ifdef, #else, #elif, #endif | |
| 1186 C preprocessor conditionals (when the | |
| 1187 cursor is on the # or no ([{ | |
| 1188 following) | |
| 1189 For other items the matchit plugin can be used, see | |
| 1621 | 1190 |matchit-install|. This plugin also helps to skip |
| 1191 matches in comments. | |
| 7 | 1192 |
| 1193 When 'cpoptions' contains "M" |cpo-M| backslashes | |
| 1194 before parens and braces are ignored. Without "M" the | |
| 1195 number of backslashes matters: an even number doesn't | |
| 1196 match with an odd number. Thus in "( \) )" and "\( ( | |
| 1197 \)" the first and last parenthesis match. | |
| 1621 | 1198 |
| 7 | 1199 When the '%' character is not present in 'cpoptions' |
| 1200 |cpo-%|, parens and braces inside double quotes are | |
| 1201 ignored, unless the number of parens/braces in a line | |
| 1202 is uneven and this line and the previous one does not | |
| 1203 end in a backslash. '(', '{', '[', ']', '}' and ')' | |
| 1204 are also ignored (parens and braces inside single | |
| 1205 quotes). Note that this works fine for C, but not for | |
| 1206 Perl, where single quotes are used for strings. | |
| 1621 | 1207 |
| 1208 Nothing special is done for matches in comments. You | |
| 1209 can either use the matchit plugin |matchit-install| or | |
| 1210 put quotes around matches. | |
| 1211 | |
| 1212 No count is allowed, {count}% jumps to a line {count} | |
| 1213 percentage down the file |N%|. Using '%' on | |
| 7 | 1214 #if/#else/#endif makes the movement linewise. |
| 1215 | |
| 1216 *[(* | |
| 1217 [( go to [count] previous unmatched '('. | |
| 1218 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
| 1219 | |
| 1220 *[{* | |
| 1221 [{ go to [count] previous unmatched '{'. | |
| 1222 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
| 1223 | |
| 1224 *])* | |
| 1225 ]) go to [count] next unmatched ')'. | |
| 1226 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
| 1227 | |
| 1228 *]}* | |
| 1229 ]} go to [count] next unmatched '}'. | |
| 1230 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
| 1231 | |
| 1232 The above four commands can be used to go to the start or end of the current | |
| 1233 code block. It is like doing "%" on the '(', ')', '{' or '}' at the other | |
| 1234 end of the code block, but you can do this from anywhere in the code block. | |
| 1235 Very useful for C programs. Example: When standing on "case x:", "[{" will | |
| 1236 bring you back to the switch statement. | |
| 1237 | |
| 1238 *]m* | |
| 1239 ]m Go to [count] next start of a method (for Java or | |
| 1240 similar structured language). When not before the | |
| 1241 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
| 1242 class. When no '{' is found after the cursor, this is | |
| 1243 an error. |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
| 1244 *]M* | |
| 1245 ]M Go to [count] next end of a method (for Java or | |
| 1246 similar structured language). When not before the end | |
| 1247 of a method, jump to the start or end of the class. | |
| 1248 When no '}' is found after the cursor, this is an | |
| 1249 error. |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
| 1250 *[m* | |
| 1251 [m Go to [count] previous start of a method (for Java or | |
| 1252 similar structured language). When not after the | |
| 1253 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
| 1254 class. When no '{' is found before the cursor this is | |
| 1255 an error. |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
| 1256 *[M* | |
| 1257 [M Go to [count] previous end of a method (for Java or | |
| 1258 similar structured language). When not after the | |
| 1259 end of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
| 1260 class. When no '}' is found before the cursor this is | |
| 1261 an error. |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
| 1262 | |
| 1263 The above two commands assume that the file contains a class with methods. | |
| 1264 The class definition is surrounded in '{' and '}'. Each method in the class | |
| 1265 is also surrounded with '{' and '}'. This applies to the Java language. The | |
| 1266 file looks like this: > | |
| 1267 | |
| 1268 // comment | |
| 1269 class foo { | |
| 1270 int method_one() { | |
| 1271 body_one(); | |
| 1272 } | |
| 1273 int method_two() { | |
| 1274 body_two(); | |
| 1275 } | |
| 1276 } | |
| 1277 Starting with the cursor on "body_two()", using "[m" will jump to the '{' at | |
| 1278 the start of "method_two()" (obviously this is much more useful when the | |
| 1279 method is long!). Using "2[m" will jump to the start of "method_one()". | |
| 1280 Using "3[m" will jump to the start of the class. | |
| 1281 | |
| 1282 *[#* | |
| 1283 [# go to [count] previous unmatched "#if" or "#else". | |
| 1284 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
| 1285 | |
| 1286 *]#* | |
| 1287 ]# go to [count] next unmatched "#else" or "#endif". | |
| 1288 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
| 1289 | |
| 1290 These two commands work in C programs that contain #if/#else/#endif | |
| 1291 constructs. It brings you to the start or end of the #if/#else/#endif where | |
| 1292 the current line is included. You can then use "%" to go to the matching line. | |
| 1293 | |
| 1294 *[star* *[/* | |
| 1295 [* or [/ go to [count] previous start of a C comment "/*". | |
| 1296 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
| 1297 | |
| 1298 *]star* *]/* | |
| 1299 ]* or ]/ go to [count] next end of a C comment "*/". | |
| 1300 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi} | |
| 1301 | |
| 1302 | |
| 1303 *H* | |
| 1304 H To line [count] from top (Home) of window (default: | |
| 1305 first line on the window) on the first non-blank | |
| 1306 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
| 1307 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option. | |
| 1308 | |
| 1309 *M* | |
| 1310 M To Middle line of window, on the first non-blank | |
| 1311 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
| 1312 | |
| 1313 *L* | |
| 1314 L To line [count] from bottom of window (default: Last | |
| 1315 line on the window) on the first non-blank character | |
| 1316 |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
| 1317 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option. | |
| 1318 | |
| 1319 <LeftMouse> Moves to the position on the screen where the mouse | |
| 36 | 1320 click is |exclusive|. See also |<LeftMouse>|. If the |
| 7 | 1321 position is in a status line, that window is made the |
| 1322 active window and the cursor is not moved. {not in Vi} | |
| 1323 | |
| 1324 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |