Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/vi_diff.txt @ 5539:62c720661f81 v7.4.118
updated for version 7.4.118
Problem: It's possible that redrawing the status lines causes
win_redr_custom() to be called recursively.
Solution: Protect against recursiveness. (Yasuhiro Matsumoto)
| author | Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Wed, 11 Dec 2013 15:52:01 +0100 |
| parents | 22da5ab9aaa1 |
| children | 40f18a1c1592 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 5340 | 1 *vi_diff.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2013 Aug 22 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 Differences between Vim and Vi *vi-differences* | |
| 8 | |
| 9 Throughout the help files differences between Vim and Vi/Ex are given in | |
| 10 curly braces, like "{not in Vi}". This file only lists what has not been | |
| 11 mentioned in other files and gives an overview. | |
| 12 | |
| 13 Vim is mostly POSIX 1003.2-1 compliant. The only command known to be missing | |
| 14 is ":open". There are probably a lot of small differences (either because Vim | |
| 15 is missing something or because Posix is beside the mark). | |
| 16 | |
| 166 | 17 1. Simulated command |simulated-command| |
| 7 | 18 2. Missing options |missing-options| |
| 19 3. Limits |limits| | |
| 20 4. The most interesting additions |vim-additions| | |
| 21 5. Other vim features |other-features| | |
| 22 6. Command-line arguments |cmdline-arguments| | |
| 160 | 23 7. POSIX compliance |posix-compliance| |
| 7 | 24 |
| 25 ============================================================================== | |
| 166 | 26 1. Simulated command *simulated-command* |
| 27 | |
| 1118 | 28 This command is in Vi, but Vim only simulates it: |
| 166 | 29 |
| 30 *:o* *:op* *:open* | |
| 31 :[range]o[pen] Works like |:visual|: end Ex mode. | |
| 32 {Vi: start editing in open mode} | |
| 7 | 33 |
| 166 | 34 :[range]o[pen] /pattern/ As above, additionally move the cursor to the |
| 35 column where "pattern" matches in the cursor | |
| 36 line. | |
| 7 | 37 |
| 166 | 38 Vim does not support open mode, since it's not really useful. For those |
| 39 situations where ":open" would start open mode Vim will leave Ex mode, which | |
| 40 allows executing the same commands, but updates the whole screen instead of | |
| 41 only one line. | |
| 7 | 42 |
| 43 ============================================================================== | |
| 44 2. Missing options *missing-options* | |
| 45 | |
| 46 These options are in the Unix Vi, but not in Vim. If you try to set one of | |
| 47 them you won't get an error message, but the value is not used and cannot be | |
| 48 printed. | |
| 49 | |
| 50 autoprint (ap) boolean (default on) *'autoprint'* *'ap'* | |
| 51 beautify (bf) boolean (default off) *'beautify'* *'bf'* | |
| 52 flash (fl) boolean (default ??) *'flash'* *'fl'* | |
| 53 graphic (gr) boolean (default off) *'graphic'* *'gr'* | |
| 54 hardtabs (ht) number (default 8) *'hardtabs'* *'ht'* | |
| 55 number of spaces that a <Tab> moves on the display | |
| 56 mesg boolean (default on) *'mesg'* | |
| 57 novice boolean (default off) *'novice'* | |
| 58 open boolean (default on) *'open'* | |
| 59 optimize (op) boolean (default off) *'optimize'* *'op'* | |
| 60 redraw boolean (default off) *'redraw'* | |
| 61 slowopen (slow) boolean (default off) *'slowopen'* *'slow'* | |
| 62 sourceany boolean (default off) *'sourceany'* | |
| 63 w300 number (default 23) *'w300'* | |
| 64 w1200 number (default 23) *'w1200'* | |
| 65 w9600 number (default 23) *'w9600'* | |
| 66 | |
| 67 ============================================================================== | |
| 68 3. Limits *limits* | |
| 69 | |
| 70 Vim has only a few limits for the files that can be edited {Vi: can not handle | |
| 71 <Nul> characters and characters above 128, has limited line length, many other | |
| 72 limits}. | |
| 73 *E340* | |
| 74 Maximum line length On machines with 16-bit ints (Amiga and MS-DOS real | |
| 75 mode): 32767, otherwise 2147483647 characters. | |
| 76 Longer lines are split. | |
| 77 Maximum number of lines 2147483647 lines. | |
| 78 Maximum file size 2147483647 bytes (2 Gbyte) when a long integer is | |
| 79 32 bits. Much more for 64 bit longs. Also limited | |
| 80 by available disk space for the |swap-file|. | |
| 81 *E75* | |
| 82 Length of a file path Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 256 | |
| 83 characters (or as much as the system supports). | |
| 84 Length of an expanded string option | |
| 85 Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 256 | |
| 86 characters | |
| 87 Maximum display width Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 255 | |
| 88 characters | |
| 89 Maximum lhs of a mapping 50 characters. | |
| 625 | 90 Number of different highlighting types: over 30000 |
| 3082 | 91 Range of a Number variable: -2147483648 to 2147483647 (might be more on 64 |
| 92 bit systems) | |
| 2596 | 93 Maximum length of a line in a tags file: 512 bytes. |
| 7 | 94 |
| 95 Information for undo and text in registers is kept in memory, thus when making | |
| 96 (big) changes the amount of (virtual) memory available limits the number of | |
| 97 undo levels and the text that can be kept in registers. Other things are also | |
| 98 kept in memory: Command-line history, error messages for Quickfix mode, etc. | |
| 99 | |
| 100 Memory usage limits | |
| 101 ------------------- | |
| 102 | |
| 103 The option 'maxmem' ('mm') is used to set the maximum memory used for one | |
| 104 buffer (in kilobytes). 'maxmemtot' is used to set the maximum memory used for | |
| 105 all buffers (in kilobytes). The defaults depend on the system used. For the | |
| 106 Amiga and MS-DOS, 'maxmemtot' is set depending on the amount of memory | |
| 827 | 107 available. |
| 108 These are not hard limits, but tell Vim when to move text into a swap file. | |
| 109 If you don't like Vim to swap to a file, set 'maxmem' and 'maxmemtot' to a | |
| 110 very large value. The swap file will then only be used for recovery. If you | |
| 111 don't want a swap file at all, set 'updatecount' to 0, or use the "-n" | |
| 112 argument when starting Vim. | |
| 7 | 113 |
| 114 ============================================================================== | |
| 115 4. The most interesting additions *vim-additions* | |
| 116 | |
| 117 Vi compatibility. |'compatible'| | |
| 118 Although Vim is 99% Vi compatible, some things in Vi can be | |
| 119 considered to be a bug, or at least need improvement. But still, Vim | |
| 120 starts in a mode which behaves like the "real" Vi as much as possible. | |
| 121 To make Vim behave a little bit better, try resetting the 'compatible' | |
| 122 option: | |
| 123 :set nocompatible | |
| 124 Or start Vim with the "-N" argument: | |
| 125 vim -N | |
| 827 | 126 Vim starts with 'nocompatible' automatically if you have a .vimrc |
| 127 file. See |startup|. | |
| 7 | 128 The 'cpoptions' option can be used to set Vi compatibility on/off for |
| 129 a number of specific items. | |
| 130 | |
| 131 Support for different systems. | |
| 132 Vim can be used on: | |
| 133 - All Unix systems (it works on all systems it was tested on, although | |
| 134 the GUI and Perl interface may not work everywhere). | |
| 135 - Amiga (500, 1000, 1200, 2000, 3000, 4000, ...). | |
| 136 - MS-DOS in real-mode (no additional drivers required). | |
| 137 - In protected mode on Windows 3.1 and MS-DOS (DPMI driver required). | |
| 138 - Windows 95 and Windows NT, with support for long file names. | |
| 139 - OS/2 (needs emx.dll) | |
| 140 - Atari MiNT | |
| 141 - VMS | |
| 142 - BeOS | |
| 143 - Macintosh | |
| 144 - Risc OS | |
| 145 - IBM OS/390 | |
| 827 | 146 Note that on some systems features need to be disabled to reduce |
| 147 resource usage, esp. on MS-DOS. For some outdated systems you need to | |
| 148 use an older Vim version. | |
| 7 | 149 |
| 150 Multi level undo. |undo| | |
| 151 'u' goes backward in time, 'CTRL-R' goes forward again. Set option | |
| 152 'undolevels' to the number of changes to be remembered (default 1000). | |
| 5340 | 153 Set 'undolevels' to 0 for a Vi-compatible one level undo. Set it to |
| 7 | 154 -1 for no undo at all. |
| 155 When all changes in a buffer have been undone, the buffer is not | |
| 156 considered changed anymore. You can exit it with :q, without <!>. | |
| 827 | 157 When undoing a few changes and then making a new change Vim will |
| 158 create a branch in the undo tree. This means you can go back to any | |
| 1186 | 159 state of the text, there is no risk of a change causing text to be |
| 827 | 160 lost forever. |undo-tree| |
| 7 | 161 |
| 827 | 162 Graphical User Interface (GUI). |gui| |
| 7 | 163 Included support for GUI: menu's, mouse, scrollbars, etc. You can |
| 164 define your own menus. Better support for CTRL/SHIFT/ALT keys in | |
| 165 combination with special keys and mouse. Supported for various | |
| 166 platforms, such as X11 (with Motif and Athena interfaces), GTK, Win32 | |
| 167 (Windows 95 and later), BeOS, Amiga and Macintosh. | |
| 168 | |
| 169 Multiple windows and buffers. |windows.txt| | |
| 170 Vim can split the screen into several windows, each editing a | |
| 171 different buffer or the same buffer at a different location. Buffers | |
| 172 can still be loaded (and changed) but not displayed in a window. This | |
| 173 is called a hidden buffer. Many commands and options have been added | |
| 174 for this facility. | |
| 827 | 175 Vim can also use multiple tab pages, each with one or more windows. A |
| 176 line with tab labels can be used to quickly switch between these pages. | |
| 177 |tab-page| | |
| 7 | 178 |
| 179 Syntax highlighting. |:syntax| | |
| 180 Vim can highlight keywords, patterns and other things. This is | |
| 827 | 181 defined by a number of |:syntax| commands, and can be made to |
| 7 | 182 highlight most languages and file types. A number of files are |
| 183 included for highlighting the most common languages, like C, C++, | |
| 184 Java, Pascal, Makefiles, shell scripts, etc. The colors used for | |
| 185 highlighting can be defined for ordinary terminals, color terminals | |
| 827 | 186 and the GUI with the |:highlight| command. A convenient way to do |
| 187 this is using a |:colorscheme| command. | |
| 188 The highlighted text can be exported as HTML. |convert-to-HTML| | |
| 189 Other items that can be highlighted are matches with the search string | |
| 190 |'hlsearch'|, matching parens |matchparen| and the cursor line and | |
| 191 column |'cursorline'| |'cursorcolumn'|. | |
| 7 | 192 |
| 827 | 193 Spell checking. |spell| |
| 194 When the 'spell' option is set Vim will highlight spelling mistakes. | |
| 3750 | 195 About 50 languages are currently supported, selected with the |
| 1618 | 196 'spelllang' option. In source code only comments and strings are |
| 827 | 197 checked for spelling. |
| 198 | |
| 199 Folding. |folding| | |
| 7 | 200 A range of lines can be shown as one "folded" line. This allows |
| 201 overviewing a file and moving blocks of text around quickly. | |
| 202 Folds can be created manually, from the syntax of the file, by indent, | |
| 203 etc. | |
| 204 | |
| 827 | 205 Diff mode. |diff| |
| 206 Vim can show two versions of a file with the differences highlighted. | |
| 207 Parts of the text that are equal are folded away. Commands can be | |
| 208 used to move text from one version to the other. | |
| 209 | |
| 210 Plugins. |add-plugin| | |
| 7 | 211 The functionality can be extended by dropping a plugin file in the |
| 212 right directory. That's an easy way to start using Vim scripts | |
| 213 written by others. Plugins can be for all kind of files, or | |
| 214 specifically for a filetype. | |
| 215 | |
| 216 Repeat a series of commands. |q| | |
| 827 | 217 "q{c}" starts recording typed characters into named register {c}. |
| 218 A subsequent "q" stops recording. The register can then be executed | |
| 219 with the "@{c}" command. This is very useful to repeat a complex | |
| 220 action. | |
| 7 | 221 |
| 222 Flexible insert mode. |ins-special-special| | |
| 223 The arrow keys can be used in insert mode to move around in the file. | |
| 224 This breaks the insert in two parts as far as undo and redo is | |
| 225 concerned. | |
| 226 | |
| 827 | 227 CTRL-O can be used to execute a single Normal mode command. This is |
| 228 almost the same as hitting <Esc>, typing the command and doing |a|. | |
| 7 | 229 |
| 230 Visual mode. |Visual-mode| | |
| 827 | 231 Visual mode can be used to first highlight a piece of text and then |
| 232 give a command to do something with it. This is an (easy to use) | |
| 233 alternative to first giving the operator and then moving to the end of | |
| 234 the text to be operated upon. | |
| 235 |v| and |V| are used to start Visual mode. |v| works on characters | |
| 236 and |V| on lines. Move the cursor to extend the Visual area. It is | |
| 237 shown highlighted on the screen. By typing "o" the other end of the | |
| 238 Visual area can be moved. The Visual area can be affected by an | |
| 239 operator: | |
| 7 | 240 d delete |
| 241 c change | |
| 242 y yank | |
| 243 > or < insert or delete indent | |
| 244 ! filter through external program | |
| 245 = filter through indent | |
| 827 | 246 : start |:| command for the Visual lines. |
| 7 | 247 gq format text to 'textwidth' columns |
| 248 J join lines | |
| 249 ~ swap case | |
| 250 u make lowercase | |
| 251 U make uppercase | |
| 252 | |
| 253 Block operators. |visual-block| | |
| 827 | 254 With Visual mode a rectangular block of text can be selected. Start |
| 255 Visual mode with CTRL-V. The block can be deleted ("d"), yanked ("y") | |
| 256 or its case can be changed ("~", "u" and "U"). A deleted or yanked | |
| 257 block can be put into the text with the "p" and "P" commands. | |
| 7 | 258 |
| 827 | 259 Help system. |:help| |
| 7 | 260 Help is displayed in a window. The usual commands can be used to |
| 261 move around, search for a string, etc. Tags can be used to jump | |
| 827 | 262 around in the help files, just like hypertext links. The |:help| |
| 7 | 263 command takes an argument to quickly jump to the info on a subject. |
| 264 <F1> is the quick access to the help system. The name of the help | |
| 265 index file can be set with the 'helpfile' option. | |
| 266 | |
| 267 Command-line editing and history. |cmdline-editing| | |
| 268 You can insert or delete at any place in the command-line using the | |
| 269 cursor keys. The right/left cursor keys can be used to move | |
| 270 forward/backward one character. The shifted right/left cursor keys | |
| 271 can be used to move forward/backward one word. CTRL-B/CTRL-E can be | |
| 272 used to go to the begin/end of the command-line. | |
| 273 |cmdline-history| | |
| 274 The command-lines are remembered. The up/down cursor keys can be used | |
| 275 to recall previous command-lines. The 'history' option can be set to | |
| 276 the number of lines that will be remembered. There is a separate | |
| 277 history for commands and for search patterns. | |
| 278 | |
| 279 Command-line completion. |cmdline-completion| | |
| 280 While entering a command-line (on the bottom line of the screen) | |
| 281 <Tab> can be typed to complete | |
| 282 what example ~ | |
| 283 - command :e<Tab> | |
| 284 - tag :ta scr<Tab> | |
| 285 - option :set sc<Tab> | |
| 286 - option value :set hf=<Tab> | |
| 287 - file name :e ve<Tab> | |
| 288 - etc. | |
| 289 | |
| 290 If there are multiple matches, CTRL-N (next) and CTRL-P (previous) | |
| 291 will walk through the matches. <Tab> works like CTRL-N, but wraps | |
| 292 around to the first match. | |
| 293 | |
| 294 The 'wildchar' option can be set to the character for command-line | |
| 295 completion, <Tab> is the default. CTRL-D can be typed after an | |
| 296 (incomplete) wildcard; all matches will be listed. CTRL-A will insert | |
| 297 all matches. CTRL-L will insert the longest common part of the | |
| 298 matches. | |
| 299 | |
| 827 | 300 Insert-mode completion. |ins-completion| |
| 301 In Insert mode the CTRL-N and CTRL-P keys can be used to complete a | |
| 302 word that appears elsewhere. |i_CTRL-N| | |
| 7 | 303 With CTRL-X another mode is entered, through which completion can be |
| 304 done for: | |
| 305 |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-F| file names | |
| 306 |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-K| words from 'dictionary' files | |
| 307 |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-T| words from 'thesaurus' files | |
| 308 |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-I| words from included files | |
| 309 |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-L| whole lines | |
| 310 |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-]| words from the tags file | |
| 311 |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-D| definitions or macros | |
| 827 | 312 |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-O| Omni completion: clever completion |
| 313 specifically for a file type | |
| 314 etc. | |
| 7 | 315 |
| 827 | 316 Long line support. |'wrap'| |'linebreak'| |
| 7 | 317 If the 'wrap' option is off, long lines will not wrap and only part |
| 318 of them will be shown. When the cursor is moved to a part that is not | |
| 319 shown, the screen will scroll horizontally. The minimum number of | |
| 827 | 320 columns to scroll can be set with the 'sidescroll' option. The |zh| |
| 321 and |zl| commands can be used to scroll sideways. | |
| 7 | 322 Alternatively, long lines are broken in between words when the |
| 323 'linebreak' option is set. This allows editing a single-line | |
| 324 paragraph conveniently (e.g. when the text is later read into a DTP | |
| 827 | 325 program). Move the cursor up/down with the |gk| and |gj| commands. |
| 7 | 326 |
| 327 Text formatting. |formatting| | |
| 328 The 'textwidth' option can be used to automatically limit the line | |
| 329 length. This supplements the 'wrapmargin' option of Vi, which was not | |
| 827 | 330 very useful. The |gq| operator can be used to format a piece of text |
| 331 (for example, |gqap| formats the current paragraph). Commands for | |
| 332 text alignment: |:center|, |:left| and |:right|. | |
| 7 | 333 |
| 827 | 334 Extended search patterns. |pattern| |
| 7 | 335 There are many extra items to match various text items. Examples: |
| 336 A "\n" can be used in a search pattern to match a line break. | |
| 337 "x\{2,4}" matches "x" 2 to 4 times. | |
| 338 "\s" matches a white space character. | |
| 339 | |
| 827 | 340 Directory, remote and archive browsing. |netrw| |
| 341 Vim can browse the file system. Simply edit a directory. Move around | |
| 342 in the list with the usual commands and press <Enter> to go to the | |
| 343 directory or file under the cursor. | |
| 344 This also works for remote files over ftp, http, ssh, etc. | |
| 345 Zip and tar archives can also be browsed. |tar| |zip| | |
| 346 | |
| 7 | 347 Edit-compile-edit speedup. |quickfix| |
| 827 | 348 The |:make| command can be used to run the compilation and jump to the |
| 349 first error. A file with compiler error messages is interpreted. Vim | |
| 350 jumps to the first error. | |
| 7 | 351 |
| 352 Each line in the error file is scanned for the name of a file, line | |
| 353 number and error message. The 'errorformat' option can be set to a | |
| 354 list of scanf-like strings to handle output from many compilers. | |
| 355 | |
| 827 | 356 The |:cn| command can be used to jump to the next error. |
| 357 |:cl| lists all the error messages. Other commands are available. | |
| 7 | 358 The 'makeef' option has the name of the file with error messages. |
| 359 The 'makeprg' option contains the name of the program to be executed | |
| 827 | 360 with the |:make| command. |
| 7 | 361 The 'shellpipe' option contains the string to be used to put the |
| 362 output of the compiler into the errorfile. | |
| 363 | |
| 827 | 364 Finding matches in files. |:vimgrep| |
| 365 Vim can search for a pattern in multiple files. This uses the | |
| 366 advanced Vim regexp pattern, works on all systems and also works to | |
| 367 search in compressed files. | |
| 368 | |
| 369 Improved indenting for programs. |'cindent'| | |
| 7 | 370 When the 'cindent' option is on the indent of each line is |
| 371 automatically adjusted. C syntax is mostly recognized. The indent | |
| 372 for various styles can be set with 'cinoptions'. The keys to trigger | |
| 373 indenting can be set with 'cinkeys'. | |
| 374 | |
| 375 Comments can be automatically formatted. The 'comments' option can be | |
| 376 set to the characters that start and end a comment. This works best | |
| 377 for C code, but also works for e-mail (">" at start of the line) and | |
| 827 | 378 other types of text. The |=| operator can be used to re-indent |
| 7 | 379 lines. |
| 380 | |
| 827 | 381 For many other languages an indent plugin is present to support |
| 382 automatic indenting. |30.3| | |
| 383 | |
| 384 Searching for words in included files. |include-search| | |
| 385 The |[i| command can be used to search for a match of the word under | |
| 7 | 386 the cursor in the current and included files. The 'include' option |
| 1668 | 387 can be set to a pattern that describes a command to include a file |
| 7 | 388 (the default is for C programs). |
| 827 | 389 The |[I| command lists all matches, the |[_CTRL-I| command jumps to |
| 7 | 390 a match. |
| 827 | 391 The |[d|, |[D| and |[_CTRL-D| commands do the same, but only for |
| 7 | 392 lines where the pattern given with the 'define' option matches. |
| 393 | |
| 827 | 394 Automatic commands. |autocommand| |
| 7 | 395 Commands can be automatically executed when reading a file, writing a |
| 396 file, jumping to another buffer, etc., depending on the file name. | |
| 397 This is useful to set options and mappings for C programs, | |
| 398 documentation, plain text, e-mail, etc. This also makes it possible | |
| 399 to edit compressed files. | |
| 400 | |
| 827 | 401 Scripts and Expressions. |expression| |
| 402 Commands have been added to form up a powerful script language. | |
| 7 | 403 |:if| Conditional execution, which can be used for example |
| 404 to set options depending on the value of $TERM. | |
| 405 |:while| Repeat a number of commands. | |
| 827 | 406 |:for| Loop over a list. |
| 7 | 407 |:echo| Print the result of an expression. |
| 408 |:let| Assign a value to an internal variable, option, etc. | |
| 827 | 409 Variable types are Number, String, List and Dictionary. |
| 7 | 410 |:execute| Execute a command formed by an expression. |
| 827 | 411 |:try| Catch exceptions. |
| 412 etc., etc. See |eval|. | |
| 413 Debugging and profiling are supported. |debug-scripts| |profile| | |
| 414 If this is not enough, an interface is provided to |Python|, |Ruby|, | |
|
2320
966a5609669e
Added Lua interfae. (Luis Carvalho)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
415 |Tcl|, |Lua|, |Perl| and |MzScheme|. |
| 7 | 416 |
| 827 | 417 Viminfo. |viminfo-file| |
| 7 | 418 The command-line history, marks and registers can be stored in a file |
| 419 that is read on startup. This can be used to repeat a search command | |
| 420 or command-line command after exiting and restarting Vim. It is also | |
| 827 | 421 possible to jump right back to where the last edit stopped with |'0|. |
| 7 | 422 The 'viminfo' option can be set to select which items to store in the |
| 423 .viminfo file. This is off by default. | |
| 424 | |
| 827 | 425 Printing. |printing| |
| 426 The |:hardcopy| command sends text to the printer. This can include | |
| 427 syntax highlighting. | |
| 428 | |
| 429 Mouse support. |mouse-using| | |
| 7 | 430 The mouse is supported in the GUI version, in an xterm for Unix, for |
| 1618 | 431 BSDs with sysmouse, for Linux with gpm, for MS-DOS, and Win32. It |
| 432 can be used to position the cursor, select the visual area, paste a | |
| 433 register, etc. | |
| 7 | 434 |
| 827 | 435 Usage of key names. |<>| |key-notation| |
| 7 | 436 Special keys now all have a name like <Up>, <End>, etc. |
| 437 This name can be used in mappings, to make it easy to edit them. | |
| 438 | |
| 827 | 439 Editing binary files. |edit-binary| |
| 7 | 440 Vim can edit binary files. You can change a few characters in an |
| 441 executable file, without corrupting it. Vim doesn't remove NUL | |
| 442 characters (they are represented as <NL> internally). | |
| 443 |-b| command-line argument to start editing a binary file | |
| 827 | 444 |'binary'| Option set by |-b|. Prevents adding an <EOL> for the |
| 7 | 445 last line in the file. |
| 446 | |
| 827 | 447 Multi-language support. |multi-lang| |
| 7 | 448 Files in double-byte or multi-byte encodings can be edited. There is |
| 449 UTF-8 support to be able to edit various languages at the same time, | |
| 450 without switching fonts. |UTF-8| | |
| 451 Messages and menus are available in different languages. | |
| 452 | |
| 827 | 453 Move cursor beyond lines. |
| 454 When the 'virtualedit' option is set the cursor can move all over the | |
| 455 screen, also where there is no text. This is useful to edit tables | |
| 456 and figures easily. | |
| 457 | |
| 7 | 458 ============================================================================== |
| 459 5. Other vim features *other-features* | |
| 460 | |
| 461 A random collection of nice extra features. | |
| 462 | |
| 463 | |
| 464 When Vim is started with "-s scriptfile", the characters read from | |
| 465 "scriptfile" are treated as if you typed them. If end of file is reached | |
| 466 before the editor exits, further characters are read from the console. | |
| 467 | |
| 468 The "-w" option can be used to record all typed characters in a script file. | |
| 469 This file can then be used to redo the editing, possibly on another file or | |
| 470 after changing some commands in the script file. | |
| 471 | |
| 472 The "-o" option opens a window for each argument. "-o4" opens four windows. | |
| 473 | |
| 474 Vi requires several termcap entries to be able to work full-screen. Vim only | |
| 475 requires the "cm" entry (cursor motion). | |
| 476 | |
| 477 | |
| 478 In command mode: | |
| 479 | |
| 480 When the 'showcmd' option is set, the command characters are shown in the last | |
| 481 line of the screen. They are removed when the command is finished. | |
| 482 | |
| 483 If the 'ruler' option is set, the current cursor position is shown in the | |
| 484 last line of the screen. | |
| 485 | |
| 486 "U" still works after having moved off the last changed line and after "u". | |
| 487 | |
| 488 Characters with the 8th bit set are displayed. The characters between '~' and | |
| 489 0xa0 are displayed as "~?", "~@", "~A", etc., unless they are included in the | |
| 490 'isprint' option. | |
| 491 | |
| 492 "][" goes to the next ending of a C function ('}' in column 1). | |
| 493 "[]" goes to the previous ending of a C function ('}' in column 1). | |
| 494 | |
| 495 "]f", "[f" and "gf" start editing the file whose name is under the cursor. | |
| 496 CTRL-W f splits the window and starts editing the file whose name is under | |
| 497 the cursor. | |
| 498 | |
| 499 "*" searches forward for the identifier under the cursor, "#" backward. | |
| 500 "K" runs the program defined by the 'keywordprg' option, with the identifier | |
| 501 under the cursor as argument. | |
| 502 | |
| 503 "%" can be preceded with a count. The cursor jumps to the line that | |
| 504 percentage down in the file. The normal "%" function to jump to the matching | |
| 505 brace skips braces inside quotes. | |
| 506 | |
| 507 With the CTRL-] command, the cursor may be in the middle of the identifier. | |
| 508 | |
| 509 The used tags are remembered. Commands that can be used with the tag stack | |
| 510 are CTRL-T, ":pop" and ":tag". ":tags" lists the tag stack. | |
| 511 | |
| 512 The 'tags' option can be set to a list of tag file names. Thus multiple | |
| 513 tag files can be used. For file names that start with "./", the "./" is | |
| 514 replaced with the path of the current file. This makes it possible to use a | |
| 515 tags file in the same directory as the file being edited. | |
| 516 | |
| 517 Previously used file names are remembered in the alternate file name list. | |
| 518 CTRL-^ accepts a count, which is an index in this list. | |
| 519 ":files" command shows the list of alternate file names. | |
| 520 "#<N>" is replaced with the <N>th alternate file name in the list. | |
| 521 "#<" is replaced with the current file name without extension. | |
| 522 | |
| 523 Search patterns have more features. The <NL> character is seen as part of the | |
| 524 search pattern and the substitute string of ":s". Vi sees it as the end of | |
| 525 the command. | |
| 526 | |
| 527 Searches can put the cursor on the end of a match and may include a character | |
| 528 offset. | |
| 529 | |
| 530 Count added to "~", ":next", ":Next", "n" and "N". | |
| 531 | |
| 532 The command ":next!" with 'autowrite' set does not write the file. In vi the | |
| 533 file was written, but this is considered to be a bug, because one does not | |
| 534 expect it and the file is not written with ":rewind!". | |
| 535 | |
| 536 In Vi when entering a <CR> in replace mode deletes a character only when 'ai' | |
| 537 is set (but does not show it until you hit <Esc>). Vim always deletes a | |
| 538 character (and shows it immediately). | |
| 539 | |
| 540 Added :wnext command. Same as ":write" followed by ":next". | |
| 541 | |
| 542 The ":w!" command always writes, also when the file is write protected. In Vi | |
| 543 you would have to do ":!chmod +w %" and ":set noro". | |
| 544 | |
| 545 When 'tildeop' has been set, "~" is an operator (must be followed by a | |
| 546 movement command). | |
| 547 | |
| 548 With the "J" (join) command you can reset the 'joinspaces' option to have only | |
| 549 one space after a period (Vi inserts two spaces). | |
| 550 | |
| 551 "cw" can be used to change white space formed by several characters (Vi is | |
| 552 confusing: "cw" only changes one space, while "dw" deletes all white space). | |
| 553 | |
| 554 "o" and "O" accept a count for repeating the insert (Vi clears a part of | |
| 555 display). | |
| 556 | |
| 557 Flags after Ex commands not supported (no plans to include it). | |
| 558 | |
| 559 On non-UNIX systems ":cd" command shows current directory instead of going to | |
| 560 the home directory (there isn't one). ":pwd" prints the current directory on | |
| 561 all systems. | |
| 562 | |
| 563 After a ":cd" command the file names (in the argument list, opened files) | |
| 564 still point to the same files. In Vi ":cd" is not allowed in a changed file; | |
| 565 otherwise the meaning of file names change. | |
| 566 | |
| 567 ":source!" command reads Vi commands from a file. | |
| 568 | |
| 569 ":mkexrc" command writes current modified options and mappings to a ".exrc" | |
| 570 file. ":mkvimrc" writes to a ".vimrc" file. | |
| 571 | |
| 572 No check for "tail recursion" with mappings. This allows things like | |
| 573 ":map! foo ^]foo". | |
| 574 | |
| 575 When a mapping starts with number, vi loses the count typed before it (e.g. | |
| 576 when using the mapping ":map g 4G" the command "7g" goes to line 4). This is | |
| 577 considered a vi bug. Vim concatenates the counts (in the example it becomes | |
| 578 "74G"), as most people would expect. | |
| 579 | |
| 580 The :put! command inserts the contents of a register above the current line. | |
| 581 | |
| 582 The "p" and "P" commands of vi cannot be repeated with "." when the putted | |
| 583 text is less than a line. In Vim they can always be repeated. | |
| 584 | |
| 585 ":noremap" command can be used to enter a mapping that will not be remapped. | |
| 586 This is useful to exchange the meaning of two keys. ":cmap", ":cunmap" and | |
| 587 ":cnoremap" can be used for mapping in command-line editing only. ":imap", | |
| 588 ":iunmap" and ":inoremap" can be used for mapping in insert mode only. | |
| 589 Similar commands exist for abbreviations: ":noreabbrev", ":iabbrev" | |
| 590 ":cabbrev", ":iunabbrev", ":cunabbrev", ":inoreabbrev", ":cnoreabbrev". | |
| 591 | |
| 592 In Vi the command ":map foo bar" would remove a previous mapping | |
| 593 ":map bug foo". This is considered a bug, so it is not included in Vim. | |
| 594 ":unmap! foo" does remove ":map! bug foo", because unmapping would be very | |
| 595 difficult otherwise (this is vi compatible). | |
| 596 | |
| 597 The ':' register contains the last command-line. | |
| 598 The '%' register contains the current file name. | |
| 599 The '.' register contains the last inserted text. | |
| 600 | |
| 601 ":dis" command shows the contents of the yank registers. | |
| 602 | |
| 603 CTRL-O/CTRL-I can be used to jump to older/newer positions. These are the | |
| 604 same positions as used with the '' command, but may be in another file. The | |
| 605 ":jumps" command lists the older positions. | |
| 606 | |
| 607 If the 'shiftround' option is set, an indent is rounded to a multiple of | |
| 608 'shiftwidth' with ">" and "<" commands. | |
| 609 | |
| 610 The 'scrolljump' option can be set to the minimum number of lines to scroll | |
| 611 when the cursor gets off the screen. Use this when scrolling is slow. | |
| 612 | |
| 613 The 'scrolloff' option can be set to the minimum number of lines to keep | |
| 614 above and below the cursor. This gives some context to where you are | |
| 615 editing. When set to a large number the cursor line is always in the middle | |
| 616 of the window. | |
| 617 | |
| 618 Uppercase marks can be used to jump between files. The ":marks" command lists | |
| 619 all currently set marks. The commands "']" and "`]" jump to the end of the | |
| 620 previous operator or end of the text inserted with the put command. "'[" and | |
| 621 "`[" do jump to the start. | |
| 622 | |
| 623 The 'shelltype' option can be set to reflect the type of shell used on the | |
| 624 Amiga. | |
| 625 | |
| 626 The 'highlight' option can be set for the highlight mode to be used for | |
| 627 several commands. | |
| 628 | |
| 629 The CTRL-A (add) and CTRL-X (subtract) commands are new. The count to the | |
| 630 command (default 1) is added to/subtracted from the number at or after the | |
| 631 cursor. That number may be decimal, octal (starts with a '0') or hexadecimal | |
| 632 (starts with '0x'). Very useful in macros. | |
| 633 | |
| 634 With the :set command the prefix "inv" can be used to invert boolean options. | |
| 635 | |
| 636 In both Vi and Vim you can create a line break with the ":substitute" command | |
| 637 by using a CTRL-M. For Vi this means you cannot insert a real CTRL-M in the | |
| 638 text. With Vim you can put a real CTRL-M in the text by preceding it with a | |
| 639 CTRL-V. | |
| 640 | |
| 641 | |
| 642 In Insert mode: | |
| 643 | |
| 644 If the 'revins' option is set, insert happens backwards. This is for typing | |
| 645 Hebrew. When inserting normal characters the cursor will not be shifted and | |
| 646 the text moves rightwards. Backspace, CTRL-W and CTRL-U will also work in | |
| 647 the opposite direction. CTRL-B toggles the 'revins' option. In replace mode | |
| 648 'revins' has no effect. Only when enabled at compile time. | |
| 649 | |
| 650 The backspace key can be used just like CTRL-D to remove auto-indents. | |
| 651 | |
| 652 You can backspace, CTRL-U and CTRL-W over line breaks if the 'backspace' (bs) | |
| 653 option includes "eol". You can backspace over the start of insert if the | |
| 654 'backspace' option includes "start". | |
| 655 | |
| 3750 | 656 When the 'paste' option is set, a few options are reset and mapping in insert |
| 7 | 657 mode and abbreviation are disabled. This allows for pasting text in windowing |
| 658 systems without unexpected results. When the 'paste' option is reset, the old | |
| 659 option values are restored. | |
| 660 | |
| 661 CTRL-T/CTRL-D always insert/delete an indent in the current line, no matter | |
| 662 what column the cursor is in. | |
| 663 | |
| 664 CTRL-@ (insert previously inserted text) works always (Vi: only when typed as | |
| 665 first character). | |
| 666 | |
| 667 CTRL-A works like CTRL-@ but does not leave insert mode. | |
| 668 | |
| 669 CTRL-R {0-9a-z..} can be used to insert the contents of a register. | |
| 670 | |
| 671 When the 'smartindent' option is set, C programs will be better auto-indented. | |
| 672 With 'cindent' even more. | |
| 673 | |
| 674 CTRL-Y and CTRL-E can be used to copy a character from above/below the | |
| 675 current cursor position. | |
| 676 | |
| 677 After CTRL-V you can enter a three digit decimal number. This byte value is | |
| 678 inserted in the text as a single character. Useful for international | |
| 679 characters that are not on your keyboard. | |
| 680 | |
| 681 When the 'expandtab' (et) option is set, a <Tab> is expanded to the | |
| 682 appropriate number of spaces. | |
| 683 | |
| 684 The window always reflects the contents of the buffer (Vi does not do this | |
| 685 when changing text and in some other cases). | |
| 686 | |
| 687 If Vim is compiled with DIGRAPHS defined, digraphs are supported. A set of | |
| 688 normal digraphs is included. They are shown with the ":digraph" command. | |
| 689 More can be added with ":digraph {char1}{char2} {number}". A digraph is | |
| 690 entered with "CTRL-K {char1} {char2}" or "{char1} BS {char2}" (only when | |
| 691 'digraph' option is set). | |
| 692 | |
| 693 When repeating an insert, e.g. "10atest <Esc>" vi would only handle wrapmargin | |
| 694 for the first insert. Vim does it for all. | |
| 695 | |
| 696 A count to the "i" or "a" command is used for all the text. Vi uses the count | |
| 697 only for one line. "3iabc<NL>def<Esc>" would insert "abcabcabc<NL>def" in Vi | |
| 698 but "abc<NL>defabc<NL>defabc<NL>def" in Vim. | |
| 699 | |
| 700 | |
| 701 In Command-line mode: | |
| 702 | |
| 235 | 703 <Esc> terminates the command-line without executing it. In vi the command |
| 7 | 704 line would be executed, which is not what most people expect (hitting <Esc> |
| 705 should always get you back to command mode). To avoid problems with some | |
| 706 obscure macros, an <Esc> in a macro will execute the command. If you want a | |
| 707 typed <Esc> to execute the command like vi does you can fix this with | |
| 708 ":cmap ^V<Esc> ^V<CR>" | |
| 709 | |
| 710 General: | |
| 711 | |
| 712 The 'ttimeout' option is like 'timeout', but only works for cursor and | |
| 713 function keys, not for ordinary mapped characters. The 'timeoutlen' option | |
| 714 gives the number of milliseconds that is waited for. If the 'esckeys' option | |
| 715 is not set, cursor and function keys that start with <Esc> are not recognized | |
| 716 in insert mode. | |
| 717 | |
| 718 There is an option for each terminal string. Can be used when termcap is not | |
| 719 supported or to change individual strings. | |
| 720 | |
| 721 The 'fileformat' option can be set to select the <EOL>: "dos" <CR><NL>, "unix" | |
| 722 <NL> or "mac" <CR>. | |
| 723 When the 'fileformats' option is not empty, Vim tries to detect the type of | |
| 724 <EOL> automatically. The 'fileformat' option is set accordingly. | |
| 725 | |
| 726 On systems that have no job control (older Unix systems and non-Unix systems) | |
| 727 the CTRL-Z, ":stop" or ":suspend" command starts a new shell. | |
| 728 | |
| 729 If Vim is started on the Amiga without an interactive window for output, a | |
| 730 window is opened (and :sh still works). You can give a device to use for | |
| 731 editing with the |-d| argument, e.g. "-d con:20/20/600/150". | |
| 732 | |
| 733 The 'columns' and 'lines' options are used to set or get the width and height | |
| 734 of the display. | |
| 735 | |
| 736 Option settings are read from the first and last few lines of the file. | |
| 737 Option 'modelines' determines how many lines are tried (default is 5). Note | |
| 738 that this is different from the Vi versions that can execute any Ex command | |
| 739 in a modeline (a major security problem). |trojan-horse| | |
| 740 | |
| 741 If the 'insertmode' option is set (e.g. in .exrc), Vim starts in insert mode. | |
| 742 And it comes back there, when pressing <Esc>. | |
| 743 | |
| 744 Undo information is kept in memory. Available memory limits the number and | |
| 745 size of change that can be undone. This may be a problem with MS-DOS, is | |
| 746 hardly a problem on the Amiga and almost never with Unix and Win32. | |
| 747 | |
| 748 If the 'backup' or 'writebackup' option is set: Before a file is overwritten, | |
| 749 a backup file (.bak) is made. If the "backup" option is set it is left | |
| 750 behind. | |
| 751 | |
| 752 Vim creates a file ending in ".swp" to store parts of the file that have been | |
| 753 changed or that do not fit in memory. This file can be used to recover from | |
| 754 an aborted editing session with "vim -r file". Using the swap file can be | |
| 755 switched off by setting the 'updatecount' option to 0 or starting Vim with | |
| 756 the "-n" option. Use the 'directory' option for placing the .swp file | |
| 757 somewhere else. | |
| 758 | |
| 759 Vim is able to work correctly on filesystems with 8.3 file names, also when | |
| 760 using messydos or crossdos filesystems on the Amiga, or any 8.3 mounted | |
| 761 filesystem under Unix. See |'shortname'|. | |
| 762 | |
| 763 Error messages are shown at least one second (Vi overwrites error messages). | |
| 764 | |
| 765 If Vim gives the |hit-enter| prompt, you can hit any key. Characters other | |
| 766 than <CR>, <NL> and <Space> are interpreted as the (start of) a command. (Vi | |
| 767 only accepts a command starting with ':'). | |
| 768 | |
| 769 The contents of the numbered and unnamed registers is remembered when | |
| 770 changing files. | |
| 771 | |
| 772 The "No lines in buffer" message is a normal message instead of an error | |
| 773 message, since that may cause a mapping to be aborted. | |
| 774 | |
| 775 The AUX: device of the Amiga is supported. | |
| 776 | |
| 777 ============================================================================== | |
| 778 6. Command-line arguments *cmdline-arguments* | |
| 779 | |
| 780 Different versions of Vi have different command-line arguments. This can be | |
| 781 confusing. To help you, this section gives an overview of the differences. | |
| 782 | |
| 783 Five variants of Vi will be considered here: | |
| 784 Elvis Elvis version 2.1b | |
| 785 Nvi Nvi version 1.79 | |
| 786 Posix Posix 1003.2 | |
| 787 Vi Vi version 3.7 (for Sun 4.1.x) | |
| 788 Vile Vile version 7.4 (incomplete) | |
| 789 Vim Vim version 5.2 | |
| 790 | |
| 791 Only Vim is able to accept options in between and after the file names. | |
| 792 | |
| 793 +{command} Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Same as "-c {command}". | |
| 794 | |
| 795 - Nvi, Posix, Vi: Run Ex in batch mode. | |
| 796 Vim: Read file from stdin (use -s for batch mode). | |
| 797 | |
| 798 -- Vim: End of options, only file names are following. | |
| 799 | |
| 800 --cmd {command} Vim: execute {command} before sourcing vimrc files. | |
| 801 | |
| 802 --echo-wid Vim: GTK+ echoes the Window ID on stdout | |
| 803 | |
| 804 --help Vim: show help message and exit. | |
| 805 | |
| 806 --literal Vim: take file names literally, don't expand wildcards. | |
| 807 | |
| 808 --nofork Vim: same as |-f| | |
| 809 | |
| 810 --noplugin[s] Vim: Skip loading plugins. | |
| 811 | |
| 812 --remote Vim: edit the files in another Vim server | |
| 813 | |
| 814 --remote-expr {expr} Vim: evaluate {expr} in another Vim server | |
| 815 | |
| 816 --remote-send {keys} Vim: send {keys} to a Vim server and exit | |
| 817 | |
| 818 --remote-silent {file} Vim: edit the files in another Vim server if possible | |
| 819 | |
| 820 --remote-wait Vim: edit the files in another Vim server and wait for it | |
| 821 | |
| 822 --remote-wait-silent Vim: like --remote-wait, no complaints if not possible | |
| 823 | |
| 824 --role {role} Vim: GTK+ 2: set role of main window | |
| 825 | |
| 826 --serverlist Vim: Output a list of Vim servers and exit | |
| 827 | |
| 828 --servername {name} Vim: Specify Vim server name | |
| 829 | |
| 830 --socketid {id} Vim: GTK window socket to run Vim in | |
| 831 | |
| 1376 | 832 --windowid {id} Vim: Win32 window ID to run Vim in |
| 833 | |
| 7 | 834 --version Vim: show version message and exit. |
| 835 | |
| 836 -? Vile: print usage summary and exit. | |
| 837 | |
| 838 -a Elvis: Load all specified file names into a window (use -o for | |
| 839 Vim). | |
| 840 | |
| 841 -A Vim: Start in Arabic mode (when compiled with Arabic). | |
| 842 | |
| 843 -b {blksize} Elvis: Use {blksize} blocksize for the session file. | |
| 844 -b Vim: set 'binary' mode. | |
| 845 | |
| 846 -C Vim: Compatible mode. | |
| 847 | |
| 848 -c {command} Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vim: run {command} as an Ex command after | |
| 849 loading the edit buffer. | |
| 850 Vim: allow up to 10 "-c" arguments | |
| 851 | |
| 852 -d {device} Vim: Use {device} for I/O (Amiga only). {only when compiled | |
| 853 without the |+diff| feature} | |
| 854 -d Vim: start with 'diff' set. |vimdiff| | |
| 855 | |
| 856 -dev {device} Vim: Use {device} for I/O (Amiga only). | |
| 857 | |
| 858 -D Vim: debug mode. | |
| 859 | |
| 860 -e Elvis, Nvi, Vim: Start in Ex mode, as if the executable is | |
| 861 called "ex". | |
| 862 | |
| 863 -E Vim: Start in improved Ex mode |gQ|, like "exim". | |
| 864 | |
| 865 -f Vim: Run GUI in foreground (Amiga: don't open new window). | |
| 866 -f {session} Elvis: Use {session} as the session file. | |
| 867 | |
| 868 -F Vim: Start in Farsi mode (when compiled with Farsi). | |
| 869 Nvi: Fast start, don't read the entire file when editing | |
| 870 starts. | |
| 871 | |
| 872 -G {gui} Elvis: Use the {gui} as user interface. | |
| 873 | |
| 874 -g Vim: Start GUI. | |
| 875 -g N Vile: start editing at line N | |
| 876 | |
| 877 -h Vim: Give help message. | |
| 878 Vile: edit the help file | |
| 879 | |
| 880 -H Vim: start Hebrew mode (when compiled with it). | |
| 881 | |
| 882 -i Elvis: Start each window in Insert mode. | |
| 883 -i {viminfo} Vim: Use {viminfo} for viminfo file. | |
| 884 | |
| 885 -L Vim: Same as "-r" (also in some versions of Vi). | |
| 886 | |
| 887 -l Nvi, Vi, Vim: Set 'lisp' and 'showmatch' options. | |
| 888 | |
| 889 -m Vim: Modifications not allowed to be written, resets 'write' | |
| 890 option. | |
| 891 | |
| 892 -M Vim: Modifications not allowed, resets 'modifiable' and the | |
| 893 'write' option. | |
| 894 | |
| 895 -N Vim: No-compatible mode. | |
| 896 | |
| 897 -n Vim: No swap file used. | |
| 898 | |
| 899 -nb[args] Vim: open a NetBeans interface connection | |
| 900 | |
| 901 -O[N] Vim: Like -o, but use vertically split windows. | |
| 902 | |
| 903 -o[N] Vim: Open [N] windows, or one for each file. | |
| 904 | |
| 827 | 905 -p[N] Vim: Open [N] tab pages, or one for each file. |
| 906 | |
| 7 | 907 -P {parent-title} Win32 Vim: open Vim inside a parent application window |
| 908 | |
| 909 -q {name} Vim: Use {name} for quickfix error file. | |
| 910 -q{name} Vim: Idem. | |
| 911 | |
| 912 -R Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vile, Vim: Set the 'readonly' option. | |
| 913 | |
| 914 -r Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Recovery mode. | |
| 915 | |
| 916 -S Nvi: Set 'secure' option. | |
| 917 -S {script} Vim: source script after starting up. | |
| 918 | |
| 919 -s Nvi, Posix, Vim: Same as "-" (silent mode), when in Ex mode. | |
| 920 Elvis: Sets the 'safer' option. | |
| 921 -s {scriptin} Vim: Read from script file {scriptin}; only when not in Ex | |
| 922 mode. | |
| 923 -s {pattern} Vile: search for {pattern} | |
| 924 | |
| 925 -t {tag} Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Edit the file containing {tag}. | |
| 926 -t{tag} Vim: Idem. | |
| 927 | |
| 928 -T {term} Vim: Set terminal name to {term}. | |
| 929 | |
| 930 -u {vimrc} Vim: Read initializations from {vimrc} file. | |
| 931 | |
| 932 -U {gvimrc} Vim: Read GUI initializations from {gvimrc} file. | |
| 933 | |
| 934 -v Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Begin in Normal mode (visual mode, in Vi | |
| 935 terms). | |
| 936 Vile: View mode, no changes possible. | |
| 937 | |
| 938 -V Elvis, Vim: Verbose mode. | |
| 939 -V{nr} Vim: Verbose mode with specified level. | |
| 940 | |
| 941 -w {size} Elvis, Posix, Nvi, Vi, Vim: Set value of 'window' to {size}. | |
| 942 -w{size} Nvi, Vi: Same as "-w {size}". | |
| 943 -w {name} Vim: Write to script file {name} (must start with non-digit). | |
| 944 | |
| 945 -W {name} Vim: Append to script file {name}. | |
| 946 | |
| 947 -x Vi, Vim: Ask for encryption key. See |encryption|. | |
| 948 | |
| 949 -X Vim: Don't connect to the X server. | |
| 950 | |
| 951 -y Vim: Start in easy mode, like |evim|. | |
| 952 | |
| 953 -Z Vim: restricted mode | |
| 954 | |
| 955 @{cmdfile} Vile: use {cmdfile} as startup file. | |
| 956 | |
| 160 | 957 ============================================================================== |
| 164 | 958 7. POSIX compliance *posix* *posix-compliance* |
| 160 | 959 |
| 1118 | 960 In 2005 the POSIX test suite was run to check the compatibility of Vim. Most |
| 164 | 961 of the test was executed properly. There are the few things where Vim |
| 166 | 962 is not POSIX compliant, even when run in Vi compatibility mode. |
| 160 | 963 |
| 164 | 964 Set the $VIM_POSIX environment variable to have 'cpoptions' include the POSIX |
| 965 flags when Vim starts up. This makes Vim run as POSIX as it can. That's | |
| 166 | 966 a bit different from being Vi compatible. |
| 164 | 967 |
| 968 This is where Vim does not behave as POSIX specifies and why: | |
| 969 | |
| 160 | 970 *posix-screen-size* |
| 164 | 971 The $COLUMNS and $LINES environment variables are ignored by Vim if |
| 972 the size can be obtained from the terminal in a more reliable way. | |
| 973 Add the '|' flag to 'cpoptions' to have $COLUMNS and $LINES overrule | |
| 974 sizes obtained in another way. | |
| 160 | 975 |
| 164 | 976 The "{" and "}" commands don't stop at a "{" in the original Vi, but |
| 977 POSIX specifies it does. Add the '{' flag to 'cpoptions' if you want | |
| 978 it the POSIX way. | |
| 979 | |
| 980 The "D", "o" and "O" commands accept a count. Also when repeated. | |
| 981 Add the '#' flag to 'cpoptions' if you want to ignore the count. | |
| 160 | 982 |
| 166 | 983 The ":cd" command fails if the current buffer is modified when the '.' |
| 984 flag is present in 'cpoptions'. | |
| 985 | |
| 986 There is no ATTENTION message, the "A" flag is added to 'shortmess'. | |
| 987 | |
| 988 These are remarks about running the POSIX test suite: | |
| 989 - vi test 33 sometimes fails for unknown reasons | |
| 990 - vi test 250 fails; behavior will be changed in a new revision | |
| 991 http://www.opengroup.org/austin/mailarchives/ag-review/msg01710.html | |
|
2608
7d8af31066c8
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2596
diff
changeset
|
992 (link no longer works, perhaps it's now: |
|
7d8af31066c8
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2596
diff
changeset
|
993 https://www.opengroup.org/sophocles/show_mail.tpl?CALLER=show_archive.tpl&source=L&listname=austin-review-l&id=1711) |
| 166 | 994 - vi test 310 fails; exit code non-zero when any error occurred? |
| 995 - ex test 24 fails because test is wrong. Changed between SUSv2 and SUSv3. | |
| 996 - ex tests 47, 48, 49, 72, 73 fail because .exrc file isn't read in silent | |
| 997 mode and $EXINIT isn't used. | |
| 998 - ex tests 76, 78 fail because echo is used instead of printf. (fixed) | |
| 999 Also: problem with \s not changed to space. | |
| 1000 - ex test 355 fails because 'window' isn't used for "30z". | |
| 1001 - ex test 368 fails because shell command isn't echoed in silent mode. | |
| 1002 - ex test 394 fails because "=" command output isn't visible in silent mode. | |
| 1003 - ex test 411 fails because test file is wrong, contains stray ':'. | |
| 1004 - ex test 475 and 476 fail because reprint output isn't visible in silent mode. | |
| 1005 - ex test 480 and 481 fail because the tags file has spaces instead of a tab. | |
| 1006 - ex test 502 fails because .exrc isn't read in silent mode. | |
| 1007 - ex test 509 fails because .exrc isn't read in silent mode. and exit code is | |
| 1008 1 instead of 2. | |
| 1009 - ex test 534 fails because .exrc isn't read in silent mode. | |
| 1010 | |
| 160 | 1011 |
| 7 | 1012 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |