Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/eval.txt @ 32936:c517845bd10e v9.0.1776
patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c13b3d1350b60b94fe87f0761ea31c0e7fb6ebf3
Author: Yee Cheng Chin <ychin.git@gmail.com>
Date: Sun Aug 20 21:18:38 2023 +0200
patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Problem: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Solution: Support Python 3 stable ABI
Commits:
1) Support Python 3 stable ABI to allow mixed version interoperatbility
Vim currently supports embedding Python for use with plugins, and the
"dynamic" linking option allows the user to specify a locally installed
version of Python by setting `pythonthreedll`. However, one caveat is
that the Python 3 libs are not binary compatible across minor versions,
and mixing versions can potentially be dangerous (e.g. let's say Vim was
linked against the Python 3.10 SDK, but the user sets `pythonthreedll`
to a 3.11 lib). Usually, nothing bad happens, but in theory this could
lead to crashes, memory corruption, and other unpredictable behaviors.
It's also difficult for the user to tell something is wrong because Vim
has no way of reporting what Python 3 version Vim was linked with.
For Vim installed via a package manager, this usually isn't an issue
because all the dependencies would already be figured out. For prebuilt
Vim binaries like MacVim (my motivation for working on this), AppImage,
and Win32 installer this could potentially be an issue as usually a
single binary is distributed. This is more tricky when a new Python
version is released, as there's a chicken-and-egg issue with deciding
what Python version to build against and hard to keep in sync when a new
Python version just drops and we have a mix of users of different Python
versions, and a user just blindly upgrading to a new Python could lead to
bad interactions with Vim.
Python 3 does have a solution for this problem: stable ABI / limited API
(see https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/stable.html). The C SDK limits the
API to a set of functions that are promised to be stable across
versions. This pull request adds an ifdef config that allows us to turn
it on when building Vim. Vim binaries built with this option should be
safe to freely link with any Python 3 libraies without having the
constraint of having to use the same minor version.
Note: Python 2 has no such concept and this doesn't change how Python 2
integration works (not that there is going to be a new version of Python
2 that would cause compatibility issues in the future anyway).
---
Technical details:
======
The stable ABI can be accessed when we compile with the Python 3 limited
API (by defining `Py_LIMITED_API`). The Python 3 code (in `if_python3.c`
and `if_py_both.h`) would now handle this and switch to limited API
mode. Without it set, Vim will still use the full API as before so this
is an opt-in change.
The main difference is that `PyType_Object` is now an opaque struct that
we can't directly create "static types" out of, and we have to create
type objects as "heap types" instead. This is because the struct is not
stable and changes from version to version (e.g. 3.8 added a
`tp_vectorcall` field to it). I had to change all the types to be
allocated on the heap instead with just a pointer to them.
Other functions are also simply missing in limited API, or they are
introduced too late (e.g. `PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` in 3.10) to it that
we need some other ways to do the same thing, so I had to abstract a few
things into macros, and sometimes re-implement functions like
`PyObject_NEW`.
One caveat is that in limited API, `OutputType` (used for replacing
`sys.stdout`) no longer inherits from `PyStdPrinter_Type` which I don't
think has any real issue other than minor differences in how they
convert to a string and missing a couple functions like `mode()` and
`fileno()`.
Also fixed an existing bug where `tp_basicsize` was set incorrectly for
`BufferObject`, `TabListObject, `WinListObject`.
Technically, there could be a small performance drop, there is a little
more indirection with accessing type objects, and some APIs like
`PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` are missing, but in practice I didn't see any
difference, and any well-written Python plugin should try to avoid
excessing callbacks to the `vim` module in Python anyway.
I only tested limited API mode down to Python 3.7, which seemes to
compile and work fine. I haven't tried earlier Python versions.
2) Fix PyIter_Check on older Python vers / type##Ptr unused warning
For PyIter_Check, older versions exposed them as either macros (used in
full API), or a function (for use in limited API). A previous change
exposed PyIter_Check to the dynamic build because Python just moved it
to function-only in 3.10 anyway. Because of that, just make sure we
always grab the function in dynamic builds in earlier versions since
that's what Python eventually did anyway.
3) Move Py_LIMITED_API define to configure script
Can now use --with-python-stable-abi flag to customize what stable ABI
version to target. Can also use an env var to do so as well.
4) Show +python/dyn-stable in :version, and allow has() feature query
Not sure if the "/dyn-stable" suffix would break things, or whether we
should do it another way. Or just don't show it in version and rely on
has() feature checking.
5) Documentation first draft. Still need to implement v:python3_version
6) Fix PyIter_Check build breaks when compiling against Python 3.8
7) Add CI coverage stable ABI on Linux/Windows / make configurable on Windows
This adds configurable options for Windows make files (both MinGW and
MSVC). CI will also now exercise both traditional full API and stable
ABI for Linux and Windows in the matrix for coverage.
Also added a "dynamic" option to Linux matrix as a drive-by change to
make other scripting languages like Ruby / Perl testable under both
static and dynamic builds.
8) Fix inaccuracy in Windows docs
Python's own docs are confusing but you don't actually want to use
`python3.dll` for the dynamic linkage.
9) Add generated autoconf file
10) Add v:python3_version support
This variable indicates the version of Python3 that Vim was built
against (PY_VERSION_HEX), and will be useful to check whether the Python
library you are loading in dynamically actually fits it. When built with
stable ABI, it will be the limited ABI version instead
(`Py_LIMITED_API`), which indicates the minimum version of Python 3 the
user should have, rather than the exact match. When stable ABI is used,
we won't be exposing PY_VERSION_HEX in this var because it just doesn't
seem necessary to do so (the whole point of stable ABI is the promise
that it will work across versions), and I don't want to confuse the user
with too many variables.
Also, cleaned up some documentation, and added help tags.
11) Fix Python 3.7 compat issues
Fix a couple issues when using limited API < 3.8
- Crash on exit: In Python 3.7, if a heap-allocated type is destroyed
before all instances are, it would cause a crash later. This happens
when we destroyed `OptionsType` before calling `Py_Finalize` when
using the limited API. To make it worse, later versions changed the
semantics and now each instance has a strong reference to its own type
and the recommendation has changed to have each instance de-ref its
own type and have its type in GC traversal. To avoid dealing with
these cross-version variations, we just don't free the heap type. They
are static types in non-limited-API anyway and are designed to last
through the entirety of the app, and we also don't restart the Python
runtime and therefore do not need it to have absolutely 0 leaks.
See:
- https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.8.html#changes-in-the-c-api
- https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.9.html#changes-in-the-c-api
- PyIter_Check: This function is not provided in limited APIs older than
3.8. Previously I was trying to mock it out using manual
PyType_GetSlot() but it was brittle and also does not actually work
properly for static types (it will generate a Python error). Just
return false. It does mean using limited API < 3.8 is not recommended
as you lose the functionality to handle iterators, but from playing
with plugins I couldn't find it to be an issue.
- Fix loading of PyIter_Check so it will be done when limited API < 3.8.
Otherwise loading a 3.7 Python lib will fail even if limited API was
specified to use it.
12) Make sure to only load `PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` in needed in limited API
We don't use this function unless limited API >= 3.10, but we were
loading it regardless. Usually it's ok in Unix-like systems where Python
just has a single lib that we load from, but in Windows where there is a
separate python3.dll this would not work as the symbol would not have
been exposed in this more limited DLL file. This makes it much clearer
under what condition is this function needed.
closes: #12032
Signed-off-by: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
Co-authored-by: Yee Cheng Chin <ychin.git@gmail.com>
author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
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date | Sun, 20 Aug 2023 21:30:04 +0200 |
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children | 484543479bd7 |
rev | line source |
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1 *eval.txt* For Vim version 9.0. Last change: 2023 Jun 01 |
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2 |
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3 |
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar |
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5 |
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6 |
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7 Expression evaluation *expression* *expr* *E15* *eval* |
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8 *E1002* |
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9 Using expressions is introduced in chapter 41 of the user manual |usr_41.txt|. |
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10 |
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11 Note: Expression evaluation can be disabled at compile time. If this has been |
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12 done, the features in this document are not available. See |+eval| and |
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13 |no-eval-feature|. |
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14 |
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15 This file is mainly about the backwards compatible (legacy) Vim script. For |
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16 specifics of Vim9 script, which can execute much faster, supports type |
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17 checking and much more, see |vim9.txt|. Where the syntax or semantics differ |
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18 a remark is given. |
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19 |
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20 1. Variables |variables| |
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21 1.1 Variable types |
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22 1.2 Function references |Funcref| |
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23 1.3 Lists |Lists| |
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24 1.4 Dictionaries |Dictionaries| |
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25 1.5 Blobs |Blobs| |
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26 1.6 More about variables |more-variables| |
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27 2. Expression syntax |expression-syntax| |
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28 3. Internal variable |internal-variables| |
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29 4. Builtin Functions |functions| |
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30 5. Defining functions |user-functions| |
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31 6. Curly braces names |curly-braces-names| |
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32 7. Commands |expression-commands| |
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33 8. Exception handling |exception-handling| |
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34 9. Examples |eval-examples| |
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35 10. Vim script version |vimscript-version| |
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36 11. No +eval feature |no-eval-feature| |
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37 12. The sandbox |eval-sandbox| |
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38 13. Textlock |textlock| |
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39 |
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40 Testing support is documented in |testing.txt|. |
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41 Profiling is documented at |profiling|. |
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42 |
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43 ============================================================================== |
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44 1. Variables *variables* |
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45 |
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46 1.1 Variable types ~ |
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47 *E712* *E896* *E897* *E899* *E1098* |
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48 *E1107* *E1135* *E1138* |
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49 There are ten types of variables: |
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50 |
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51 *Number* *Integer* |
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52 Number A 32 or 64 bit signed number. |expr-number| |
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53 The number of bits is available in |v:numbersize|. |
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54 Examples: -123 0x10 0177 0o177 0b1011 |
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55 |
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56 Float A floating point number. |floating-point-format| *Float* |
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57 Examples: 123.456 1.15e-6 -1.1e3 |
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58 |
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59 String A NUL terminated string of 8-bit unsigned characters (bytes). |
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60 |expr-string| Examples: "ab\txx\"--" 'x-z''a,c' |
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61 |
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62 List An ordered sequence of items, see |List| for details. |
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63 Example: [1, 2, ['a', 'b']] |
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64 |
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65 Dictionary An associative, unordered array: Each entry has a key and a |
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66 value. |Dictionary| |
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67 Examples: |
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68 {'blue': "#0000ff", 'red': "#ff0000"} |
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69 #{blue: "#0000ff", red: "#ff0000"} |
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70 |
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71 Funcref A reference to a function |Funcref|. |
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72 Example: function("strlen") |
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73 It can be bound to a dictionary and arguments, it then works |
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74 like a Partial. |
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75 Example: function("Callback", [arg], myDict) |
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76 |
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77 Special |v:false|, |v:true|, |v:none| and |v:null|. *Special* |
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78 |
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79 Job Used for a job, see |job_start()|. *Job* *Jobs* |
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80 |
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81 Channel Used for a channel, see |ch_open()|. *Channel* *Channels* |
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82 |
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83 Blob Binary Large Object. Stores any sequence of bytes. See |Blob| |
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84 for details |
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85 Example: 0zFF00ED015DAF |
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86 0z is an empty Blob. |
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87 |
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88 The Number and String types are converted automatically, depending on how they |
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89 are used. |
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90 |
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91 Conversion from a Number to a String is by making the ASCII representation of |
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92 the Number. Examples: |
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93 Number 123 --> String "123" ~ |
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94 Number 0 --> String "0" ~ |
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95 Number -1 --> String "-1" ~ |
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96 *octal* |
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97 Conversion from a String to a Number only happens in legacy Vim script, not in |
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98 Vim9 script. It is done by converting the first digits to a number. |
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99 Hexadecimal "0xf9", Octal "017" or "0o17", and Binary "0b10" |
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100 numbers are recognized |
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101 NOTE: when using |Vim9| script or |scriptversion-4| octal with a leading "0" |
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102 is not recognized. The 0o notation requires patch 8.2.0886. |
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103 If the String doesn't start with digits, the result is zero. |
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104 Examples: |
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105 String "456" --> Number 456 ~ |
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106 String "6bar" --> Number 6 ~ |
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107 String "foo" --> Number 0 ~ |
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108 String "0xf1" --> Number 241 ~ |
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109 String "0100" --> Number 64 ~ |
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110 String "0o100" --> Number 64 ~ |
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111 String "0b101" --> Number 5 ~ |
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112 String "-8" --> Number -8 ~ |
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113 String "+8" --> Number 0 ~ |
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114 |
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115 To force conversion from String to Number, add zero to it: > |
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116 :echo "0100" + 0 |
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117 < 64 ~ |
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118 |
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119 To avoid a leading zero to cause octal conversion, or for using a different |
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120 base, use |str2nr()|. |
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121 |
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122 *TRUE* *FALSE* *Boolean* |
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123 For boolean operators Numbers are used. Zero is FALSE, non-zero is TRUE. |
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124 You can also use |v:false| and |v:true|, in Vim9 script |false| and |true|. |
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125 When TRUE is returned from a function it is the Number one, FALSE is the |
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126 number zero. |
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127 |
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128 Note that in the command: > |
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129 :if "foo" |
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130 :" NOT executed |
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131 "foo" is converted to 0, which means FALSE. If the string starts with a |
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132 non-zero number it means TRUE: > |
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133 :if "8foo" |
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134 :" executed |
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135 To test for a non-empty string, use empty(): > |
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136 :if !empty("foo") |
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137 |
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138 < *falsy* *truthy* |
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139 An expression can be used as a condition, ignoring the type and only using |
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140 whether the value is "sort of true" or "sort of false". Falsy is: |
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141 the number zero |
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142 empty string, blob, list or dictionary |
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143 Other values are truthy. Examples: |
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144 0 falsy |
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145 1 truthy |
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146 -1 truthy |
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147 0.0 falsy |
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148 0.1 truthy |
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149 '' falsy |
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150 'x' truthy |
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151 [] falsy |
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152 [0] truthy |
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153 {} falsy |
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154 #{x: 1} truthy |
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155 0z falsy |
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156 0z00 truthy |
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157 |
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158 *non-zero-arg* |
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159 Function arguments often behave slightly different from |TRUE|: If the |
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160 argument is present and it evaluates to a non-zero Number, |v:true| or a |
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161 non-empty String, then the value is considered to be TRUE. |
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162 Note that " " and "0" are also non-empty strings, thus considered to be TRUE. |
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163 A List, Dictionary or Float is not a Number or String, thus evaluate to FALSE. |
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164 |
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165 *E611* *E745* *E728* *E703* *E729* *E730* *E731* *E908* *E910* |
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166 *E913* *E974* *E975* *E976* *E1319* *E1320* *E1321* *E1322* |
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167 *E1323* *E1324* |
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168 |List|, |Dictionary|, |Funcref|, |Job|, |Channel|, |Blob|, |Class| and |
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169 |object| types are not automatically converted. |
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170 |
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171 *E805* *E806* *E808* |
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172 When mixing Number and Float the Number is converted to Float. Otherwise |
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173 there is no automatic conversion of Float. You can use str2float() for String |
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174 to Float, printf() for Float to String and float2nr() for Float to Number. |
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175 |
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176 *E362* *E891* *E892* *E893* *E894* *E907* *E911* *E914* |
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177 When expecting a Float a Number can also be used, but nothing else. |
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178 |
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179 *no-type-checking* |
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180 You will not get an error if you try to change the type of a variable. |
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181 |
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182 |
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183 1.2 Function references ~ |
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184 *Funcref* *E695* *E718* *E1192* |
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185 A Funcref variable is obtained with the |function()| function, the |funcref()| |
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186 function, (in |Vim9| script) the name of a function, or created with the |
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187 lambda expression |expr-lambda|. It can be used in an expression in the place |
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188 of a function name, before the parenthesis around the arguments, to invoke the |
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189 function it refers to. Example in |Vim9| script: > |
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190 |
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191 :var Fn = MyFunc |
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192 :echo Fn() |
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193 |
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194 Legacy script: > |
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195 :let Fn = function("MyFunc") |
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196 :echo Fn() |
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197 < *E704* *E705* *E707* |
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198 A Funcref variable must start with a capital, "s:", "w:", "t:" or "b:". You |
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199 can use "g:" but the following name must still start with a capital. You |
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200 cannot have both a Funcref variable and a function with the same name. |
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201 |
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202 A special case is defining a function and directly assigning its Funcref to a |
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203 Dictionary entry. Example: > |
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204 :function dict.init() dict |
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205 : let self.val = 0 |
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206 :endfunction |
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207 |
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208 The key of the Dictionary can start with a lower case letter. The actual |
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209 function name is not used here. Also see |numbered-function|. |
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210 |
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211 A Funcref can also be used with the |:call| command: > |
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212 :call Fn() |
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213 :call dict.init() |
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214 |
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215 The name of the referenced function can be obtained with |string()|. > |
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216 :let func = string(Fn) |
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217 |
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218 You can use |call()| to invoke a Funcref and use a list variable for the |
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219 arguments: > |
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220 :let r = call(Fn, mylist) |
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221 < |
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222 *Partial* |
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223 A Funcref optionally binds a Dictionary and/or arguments. This is also called |
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224 a Partial. This is created by passing the Dictionary and/or arguments to |
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225 function() or funcref(). When calling the function the Dictionary and/or |
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226 arguments will be passed to the function. Example: > |
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227 |
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228 let Cb = function('Callback', ['foo'], myDict) |
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229 call Cb('bar') |
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230 |
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231 This will invoke the function as if using: > |
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232 call myDict.Callback('foo', 'bar') |
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233 |
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234 This is very useful when passing a function around, e.g. in the arguments of |
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235 |ch_open()|. |
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236 |
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237 Note that binding a function to a Dictionary also happens when the function is |
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238 a member of the Dictionary: > |
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239 |
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240 let myDict.myFunction = MyFunction |
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241 call myDict.myFunction() |
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242 |
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243 Here MyFunction() will get myDict passed as "self". This happens when the |
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244 "myFunction" member is accessed. When making assigning "myFunction" to |
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245 otherDict and calling it, it will be bound to otherDict: > |
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246 |
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247 let otherDict.myFunction = myDict.myFunction |
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248 call otherDict.myFunction() |
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249 |
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250 Now "self" will be "otherDict". But when the dictionary was bound explicitly |
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251 this won't happen: > |
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252 |
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253 let myDict.myFunction = function(MyFunction, myDict) |
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254 let otherDict.myFunction = myDict.myFunction |
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255 call otherDict.myFunction() |
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256 |
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257 Here "self" will be "myDict", because it was bound explicitly. |
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258 |
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259 |
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260 1.3 Lists ~ |
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261 *list* *List* *Lists* *E686* |
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262 A List is an ordered sequence of items. An item can be of any type. Items |
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263 can be accessed by their index number. Items can be added and removed at any |
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264 position in the sequence. |
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265 |
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266 |
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267 List creation ~ |
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268 *E696* *E697* |
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269 A List is created with a comma-separated list of items in square brackets. |
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270 Examples: > |
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271 :let mylist = [1, two, 3, "four"] |
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272 :let emptylist = [] |
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273 |
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274 An item can be any expression. Using a List for an item creates a |
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275 List of Lists: > |
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276 :let nestlist = [[11, 12], [21, 22], [31, 32]] |
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277 |
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278 An extra comma after the last item is ignored. |
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279 |
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280 |
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281 List index ~ |
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282 *list-index* *E684* |
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283 An item in the List can be accessed by putting the index in square brackets |
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284 after the List. Indexes are zero-based, thus the first item has index zero. > |
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285 :let item = mylist[0] " get the first item: 1 |
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286 :let item = mylist[2] " get the third item: 3 |
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287 |
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288 When the resulting item is a list this can be repeated: > |
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289 :let item = nestlist[0][1] " get the first list, second item: 12 |
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290 < |
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291 A negative index is counted from the end. Index -1 refers to the last item in |
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292 the List, -2 to the last but one item, etc. > |
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293 :let last = mylist[-1] " get the last item: "four" |
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294 |
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295 To avoid an error for an invalid index use the |get()| function. When an item |
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296 is not available it returns zero or the default value you specify: > |
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297 :echo get(mylist, idx) |
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298 :echo get(mylist, idx, "NONE") |
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299 |
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300 |
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301 List concatenation ~ |
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302 *list-concatenation* |
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303 Two lists can be concatenated with the "+" operator: > |
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304 :let longlist = mylist + [5, 6] |
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305 :let mylist += [7, 8] |
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306 |
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307 To prepend or append an item, turn the item into a list by putting [] around |
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308 it. To change a list in-place, refer to |list-modification| below. |
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309 |
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310 |
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311 Sublist ~ |
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312 *sublist* |
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313 A part of the List can be obtained by specifying the first and last index, |
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314 separated by a colon in square brackets: > |
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315 :let shortlist = mylist[2:-1] " get List [3, "four"] |
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316 |
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317 Omitting the first index is similar to zero. Omitting the last index is |
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318 similar to -1. > |
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319 :let endlist = mylist[2:] " from item 2 to the end: [3, "four"] |
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320 :let shortlist = mylist[2:2] " List with one item: [3] |
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321 :let otherlist = mylist[:] " make a copy of the List |
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322 |
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323 Notice that the last index is inclusive. If you prefer using an exclusive |
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324 index use the |slice()| method. |
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325 |
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326 If the first index is beyond the last item of the List or the second item is |
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327 before the first item, the result is an empty list. There is no error |
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328 message. |
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329 |
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330 If the second index is equal to or greater than the length of the list the |
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331 length minus one is used: > |
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332 :let mylist = [0, 1, 2, 3] |
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333 :echo mylist[2:8] " result: [2, 3] |
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334 |
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335 NOTE: mylist[s:e] means using the variable "s:e" as index. Watch out for |
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336 using a single letter variable before the ":". Insert a space when needed: |
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337 mylist[s : e]. |
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338 |
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339 |
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340 List identity ~ |
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341 *list-identity* |
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342 When variable "aa" is a list and you assign it to another variable "bb", both |
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343 variables refer to the same list. Thus changing the list "aa" will also |
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344 change "bb": > |
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345 :let aa = [1, 2, 3] |
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346 :let bb = aa |
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347 :call add(aa, 4) |
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348 :echo bb |
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349 < [1, 2, 3, 4] |
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350 |
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351 Making a copy of a list is done with the |copy()| function. Using [:] also |
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352 works, as explained above. This creates a shallow copy of the list: Changing |
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353 a list item in the list will also change the item in the copied list: > |
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354 :let aa = [[1, 'a'], 2, 3] |
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355 :let bb = copy(aa) |
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356 :call add(aa, 4) |
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357 :let aa[0][1] = 'aaa' |
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358 :echo aa |
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359 < [[1, aaa], 2, 3, 4] > |
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360 :echo bb |
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361 < [[1, aaa], 2, 3] |
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362 |
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363 To make a completely independent list use |deepcopy()|. This also makes a |
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364 copy of the values in the list, recursively. Up to a hundred levels deep. |
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365 |
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366 The operator "is" can be used to check if two variables refer to the same |
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367 List. "isnot" does the opposite. In contrast "==" compares if two lists have |
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368 the same value. > |
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369 :let alist = [1, 2, 3] |
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370 :let blist = [1, 2, 3] |
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371 :echo alist is blist |
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372 < 0 > |
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373 :echo alist == blist |
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374 < 1 |
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375 |
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376 Note about comparing lists: Two lists are considered equal if they have the |
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377 same length and all items compare equal, as with using "==". There is one |
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378 exception: When comparing a number with a string they are considered |
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379 different. There is no automatic type conversion, as with using "==" on |
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380 variables. Example: > |
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381 echo 4 == "4" |
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382 < 1 > |
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383 echo [4] == ["4"] |
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384 < 0 |
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385 |
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386 Thus comparing Lists is more strict than comparing numbers and strings. You |
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387 can compare simple values this way too by putting them in a list: > |
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388 |
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389 :let a = 5 |
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390 :let b = "5" |
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391 :echo a == b |
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392 < 1 > |
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393 :echo [a] == [b] |
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394 < 0 |
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395 |
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396 |
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397 List unpack ~ |
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398 |
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399 To unpack the items in a list to individual variables, put the variables in |
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400 square brackets, like list items: > |
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401 :let [var1, var2] = mylist |
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402 |
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403 When the number of variables does not match the number of items in the list |
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404 this produces an error. To handle any extra items from the list append ";" |
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405 and a variable name: > |
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406 :let [var1, var2; rest] = mylist |
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407 |
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408 This works like: > |
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409 :let var1 = mylist[0] |
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410 :let var2 = mylist[1] |
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411 :let rest = mylist[2:] |
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412 |
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413 Except that there is no error if there are only two items. "rest" will be an |
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414 empty list then. |
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415 |
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416 |
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417 List modification ~ |
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418 *list-modification* |
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419 To change a specific item of a list use |:let| this way: > |
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420 :let list[4] = "four" |
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421 :let listlist[0][3] = item |
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422 |
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423 To change part of a list you can specify the first and last item to be |
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424 modified. The value must at least have the number of items in the range: > |
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425 :let list[3:5] = [3, 4, 5] |
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426 |
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427 Adding and removing items from a list is done with functions. Here are a few |
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428 examples: > |
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429 :call insert(list, 'a') " prepend item 'a' |
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430 :call insert(list, 'a', 3) " insert item 'a' before list[3] |
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431 :call add(list, "new") " append String item |
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432 :call add(list, [1, 2]) " append a List as one new item |
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433 :call extend(list, [1, 2]) " extend the list with two more items |
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434 :let i = remove(list, 3) " remove item 3 |
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435 :unlet list[3] " idem |
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436 :let l = remove(list, 3, -1) " remove items 3 to last item |
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437 :unlet list[3 : ] " idem |
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438 :call filter(list, 'v:val !~ "x"') " remove items with an 'x' |
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439 |
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440 Changing the order of items in a list: > |
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441 :call sort(list) " sort a list alphabetically |
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442 :call reverse(list) " reverse the order of items |
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443 :call uniq(sort(list)) " sort and remove duplicates |
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444 |
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445 |
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446 For loop ~ |
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447 |
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448 The |:for| loop executes commands for each item in a List, String or Blob. |
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449 A variable is set to each item in sequence. Example with a List: > |
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450 :for item in mylist |
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451 : call Doit(item) |
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452 :endfor |
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453 |
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454 This works like: > |
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455 :let index = 0 |
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456 :while index < len(mylist) |
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457 : let item = mylist[index] |
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458 : :call Doit(item) |
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459 : let index = index + 1 |
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460 :endwhile |
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461 |
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462 If all you want to do is modify each item in the list then the |map()| |
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463 function will be a simpler method than a for loop. |
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464 |
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465 Just like the |:let| command, |:for| also accepts a list of variables. This |
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466 requires the argument to be a List of Lists. > |
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467 :for [lnum, col] in [[1, 3], [2, 8], [3, 0]] |
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468 : call Doit(lnum, col) |
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469 :endfor |
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470 |
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471 This works like a |:let| command is done for each list item. Again, the types |
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472 must remain the same to avoid an error. |
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473 |
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474 It is also possible to put remaining items in a List variable: > |
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475 :for [i, j; rest] in listlist |
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476 : call Doit(i, j) |
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477 : if !empty(rest) |
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478 : echo "remainder: " .. string(rest) |
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479 : endif |
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480 :endfor |
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481 |
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482 For a Blob one byte at a time is used. |
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483 |
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484 For a String one character, including any composing characters, is used as a |
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485 String. Example: > |
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486 for c in text |
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487 echo 'This character is ' .. c |
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488 endfor |
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489 |
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490 |
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491 List functions ~ |
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492 *E714* |
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493 Functions that are useful with a List: > |
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494 :let r = call(funcname, list) " call a function with an argument list |
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495 :if empty(list) " check if list is empty |
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496 :let l = len(list) " number of items in list |
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497 :let big = max(list) " maximum value in list |
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498 :let small = min(list) " minimum value in list |
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499 :let xs = count(list, 'x') " count nr of times 'x' appears in list |
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500 :let i = index(list, 'x') " index of first 'x' in list |
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501 :let lines = getline(1, 10) " get ten text lines from buffer |
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502 :call append('$', lines) " append text lines in buffer |
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503 :let list = split("a b c") " create list from items in a string |
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504 :let string = join(list, ', ') " create string from list items |
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505 :let s = string(list) " String representation of list |
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506 :call map(list, '">> " .. v:val') " prepend ">> " to each item |
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507 |
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508 Don't forget that a combination of features can make things simple. For |
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509 example, to add up all the numbers in a list: > |
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510 :exe 'let sum = ' .. join(nrlist, '+') |
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511 |
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512 |
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513 1.4 Dictionaries ~ |
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514 *dict* *Dict* *Dictionaries* *Dictionary* |
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515 A Dictionary is an associative array: Each entry has a key and a value. The |
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516 entry can be located with the key. The entries are stored without a specific |
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517 ordering. |
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518 |
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519 |
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520 Dictionary creation ~ |
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521 *E720* *E721* *E722* *E723* |
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522 A Dictionary is created with a comma-separated list of entries in curly |
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523 braces. Each entry has a key and a value, separated by a colon. Each key can |
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524 only appear once. Examples: > |
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525 :let mydict = {1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'} |
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526 :let emptydict = {} |
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527 < *E713* *E716* *E717* |
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528 A key is always a String. You can use a Number, it will be converted to a |
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529 String automatically. Thus the String '4' and the number 4 will find the same |
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530 entry. Note that the String '04' and the Number 04 are different, since the |
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531 Number will be converted to the String '4', leading zeros are dropped. The |
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532 empty string can also be used as a key. |
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533 |
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534 In |Vim9| script a literal key can be used if it consists only of alphanumeric |
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535 characters, underscore and dash, see |vim9-literal-dict|. |
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536 *literal-Dict* *#{}* |
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537 To avoid having to put quotes around every key the #{} form can be used in |
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538 legacy script. This does require the key to consist only of ASCII letters, |
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539 digits, '-' and '_'. Example: > |
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540 :let mydict = #{zero: 0, one_key: 1, two-key: 2, 333: 3} |
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541 Note that 333 here is the string "333". Empty keys are not possible with #{}. |
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542 In |Vim9| script the #{} form cannot be used because it can be confused with |
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543 the start of a comment. |
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544 |
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545 A value can be any expression. Using a Dictionary for a value creates a |
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546 nested Dictionary: > |
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547 :let nestdict = {1: {11: 'a', 12: 'b'}, 2: {21: 'c'}} |
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548 |
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549 An extra comma after the last entry is ignored. |
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550 |
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551 |
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552 Accessing entries ~ |
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553 |
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554 The normal way to access an entry is by putting the key in square brackets: > |
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555 :let val = mydict["one"] |
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556 :let mydict["four"] = 4 |
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557 |
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558 You can add new entries to an existing Dictionary this way, unlike Lists. |
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559 |
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560 For keys that consist entirely of letters, digits and underscore the following |
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561 form can be used |expr-entry|: > |
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562 :let val = mydict.one |
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563 :let mydict.four = 4 |
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564 |
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565 Since an entry can be any type, also a List and a Dictionary, the indexing and |
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566 key lookup can be repeated: > |
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567 :echo dict.key[idx].key |
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568 |
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569 |
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570 Dictionary to List conversion ~ |
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571 |
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572 You may want to loop over the entries in a dictionary. For this you need to |
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573 turn the Dictionary into a List and pass it to |:for|. |
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574 |
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575 Most often you want to loop over the keys, using the |keys()| function: > |
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576 :for key in keys(mydict) |
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577 : echo key .. ': ' .. mydict[key] |
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578 :endfor |
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579 |
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580 The List of keys is unsorted. You may want to sort them first: > |
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581 :for key in sort(keys(mydict)) |
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582 |
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583 To loop over the values use the |values()| function: > |
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584 :for v in values(mydict) |
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585 : echo "value: " .. v |
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586 :endfor |
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587 |
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588 If you want both the key and the value use the |items()| function. It returns |
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589 a List in which each item is a List with two items, the key and the value: > |
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590 :for [key, value] in items(mydict) |
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591 : echo key .. ': ' .. value |
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592 :endfor |
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593 |
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594 |
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595 Dictionary identity ~ |
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596 *dict-identity* |
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597 Just like Lists you need to use |copy()| and |deepcopy()| to make a copy of a |
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598 Dictionary. Otherwise, assignment results in referring to the same |
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599 Dictionary: > |
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600 :let onedict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2} |
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601 :let adict = onedict |
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602 :let adict['a'] = 11 |
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603 :echo onedict['a'] |
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604 11 |
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605 |
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606 Two Dictionaries compare equal if all the key-value pairs compare equal. For |
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607 more info see |list-identity|. |
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608 |
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609 |
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610 Dictionary modification ~ |
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611 *dict-modification* |
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612 To change an already existing entry of a Dictionary, or to add a new entry, |
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613 use |:let| this way: > |
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614 :let dict[4] = "four" |
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615 :let dict['one'] = item |
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616 |
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617 Removing an entry from a Dictionary is done with |remove()| or |:unlet|. |
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618 Three ways to remove the entry with key "aaa" from dict: > |
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619 :let i = remove(dict, 'aaa') |
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620 :unlet dict.aaa |
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621 :unlet dict['aaa'] |
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622 |
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623 Merging a Dictionary with another is done with |extend()|: > |
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624 :call extend(adict, bdict) |
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625 This extends adict with all entries from bdict. Duplicate keys cause entries |
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626 in adict to be overwritten. An optional third argument can change this. |
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627 Note that the order of entries in a Dictionary is irrelevant, thus don't |
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628 expect ":echo adict" to show the items from bdict after the older entries in |
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629 adict. |
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630 |
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631 Weeding out entries from a Dictionary can be done with |filter()|: > |
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632 :call filter(dict, 'v:val =~ "x"') |
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633 This removes all entries from "dict" with a value not matching 'x'. |
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634 This can also be used to remove all entries: > |
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635 call filter(dict, 0) |
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636 |
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637 In some situations it is not allowed to remove or add entries to a Dictionary. |
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638 Especially when iterating over all the entries. You will get *E1313* or |
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639 another error in that case. |
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640 |
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641 |
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642 Dictionary function ~ |
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643 *Dictionary-function* *self* *E725* *E862* |
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644 When a function is defined with the "dict" attribute it can be used in a |
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645 special way with a dictionary. Example: > |
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646 :function Mylen() dict |
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647 : return len(self.data) |
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648 :endfunction |
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649 :let mydict = {'data': [0, 1, 2, 3], 'len': function("Mylen")} |
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650 :echo mydict.len() |
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651 |
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652 This is like a method in object oriented programming. The entry in the |
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653 Dictionary is a |Funcref|. The local variable "self" refers to the dictionary |
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654 the function was invoked from. When using |Vim9| script you can use classes |
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655 and objects, see `:class`. |
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656 |
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657 It is also possible to add a function without the "dict" attribute as a |
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658 Funcref to a Dictionary, but the "self" variable is not available then. |
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659 |
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660 *numbered-function* *anonymous-function* |
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661 To avoid the extra name for the function it can be defined and directly |
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662 assigned to a Dictionary in this way: > |
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663 :let mydict = {'data': [0, 1, 2, 3]} |
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664 :function mydict.len() |
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665 : return len(self.data) |
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666 :endfunction |
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667 :echo mydict.len() |
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668 |
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669 The function will then get a number and the value of dict.len is a |Funcref| |
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670 that references this function. The function can only be used through a |
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671 |Funcref|. It will automatically be deleted when there is no |Funcref| |
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672 remaining that refers to it. |
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673 |
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674 It is not necessary to use the "dict" attribute for a numbered function. |
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675 |
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676 If you get an error for a numbered function, you can find out what it is with |
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677 a trick. Assuming the function is 42, the command is: > |
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678 :function g:42 |
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679 |
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680 |
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681 Functions for Dictionaries ~ |
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682 *E715* |
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683 Functions that can be used with a Dictionary: > |
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684 :if has_key(dict, 'foo') " TRUE if dict has entry with key "foo" |
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685 :if empty(dict) " TRUE if dict is empty |
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686 :let l = len(dict) " number of items in dict |
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687 :let big = max(dict) " maximum value in dict |
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688 :let small = min(dict) " minimum value in dict |
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689 :let xs = count(dict, 'x') " count nr of times 'x' appears in dict |
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690 :let s = string(dict) " String representation of dict |
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691 :call map(dict, '">> " .. v:val') " prepend ">> " to each item |
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|
692 |
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|
693 |
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694 1.5 Blobs ~ |
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695 *blob* *Blob* *Blobs* *E978* |
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696 A Blob is a binary object. It can be used to read an image from a file and |
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|
697 send it over a channel, for example. |
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|
698 |
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|
699 A Blob mostly behaves like a |List| of numbers, where each number has the |
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|
700 value of an 8-bit byte, from 0 to 255. |
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|
701 |
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|
702 |
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|
703 Blob creation ~ |
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704 |
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705 A Blob can be created with a |blob-literal|: > |
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706 :let b = 0zFF00ED015DAF |
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707 Dots can be inserted between bytes (pair of hex characters) for readability, |
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708 they don't change the value: > |
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709 :let b = 0zFF00.ED01.5DAF |
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|
710 |
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711 A blob can be read from a file with |readfile()| passing the {type} argument |
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|
712 set to "B", for example: > |
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713 :let b = readfile('image.png', 'B') |
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|
714 |
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|
715 A blob can be read from a channel with the |ch_readblob()| function. |
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|
716 |
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|
717 |
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718 Blob index ~ |
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|
719 *blob-index* *E979* |
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720 A byte in the Blob can be accessed by putting the index in square brackets |
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721 after the Blob. Indexes are zero-based, thus the first byte has index zero. > |
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722 :let myblob = 0z00112233 |
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723 :let byte = myblob[0] " get the first byte: 0x00 |
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724 :let byte = myblob[2] " get the third byte: 0x22 |
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|
725 |
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|
726 A negative index is counted from the end. Index -1 refers to the last byte in |
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727 the Blob, -2 to the last but one byte, etc. > |
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728 :let last = myblob[-1] " get the last byte: 0x33 |
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|
729 |
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|
730 To avoid an error for an invalid index use the |get()| function. When an item |
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731 is not available it returns -1 or the default value you specify: > |
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|
732 :echo get(myblob, idx) |
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|
733 :echo get(myblob, idx, 999) |
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|
734 |
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|
735 |
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|
736 Blob iteration ~ |
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|
737 |
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|
738 The |:for| loop executes commands for each byte of a Blob. The loop variable is |
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|
739 set to each byte in the Blob. Example: > |
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|
740 :for byte in 0z112233 |
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741 : call Doit(byte) |
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|
742 :endfor |
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|
743 This calls Doit() with 0x11, 0x22 and 0x33. |
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|
744 |
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|
745 |
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|
746 Blob concatenation ~ |
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|
747 |
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changeset
|
748 Two blobs can be concatenated with the "+" operator: > |
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|
749 :let longblob = myblob + 0z4455 |
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|
750 :let myblob += 0z6677 |
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|
751 |
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|
752 To change a blob in-place see |blob-modification| below. |
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|
753 |
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|
754 |
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|
755 Part of a blob ~ |
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|
756 |
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|
757 A part of the Blob can be obtained by specifying the first and last index, |
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|
758 separated by a colon in square brackets: > |
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|
759 :let myblob = 0z00112233 |
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760 :let shortblob = myblob[1:2] " get 0z1122 |
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|
761 :let shortblob = myblob[2:-1] " get 0z2233 |
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|
762 |
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|
763 Omitting the first index is similar to zero. Omitting the last index is |
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changeset
|
764 similar to -1. > |
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|
765 :let endblob = myblob[2:] " from item 2 to the end: 0z2233 |
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|
766 :let shortblob = myblob[2:2] " Blob with one byte: 0z22 |
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|
767 :let otherblob = myblob[:] " make a copy of the Blob |
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|
768 |
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changeset
|
769 If the first index is beyond the last byte of the Blob or the second index is |
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|
770 before the first index, the result is an empty Blob. There is no error |
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|
771 message. |
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|
772 |
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|
773 If the second index is equal to or greater than the length of the list the |
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|
774 length minus one is used: > |
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|
775 :echo myblob[2:8] " result: 0z2233 |
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changeset
|
776 |
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|
777 |
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|
778 Blob modification ~ |
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|
779 *blob-modification* *E1182* *E1184* |
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|
780 To change a specific byte of a blob use |:let| this way: > |
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|
781 :let blob[4] = 0x44 |
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782 |
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783 When the index is just one beyond the end of the Blob, it is appended. Any |
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784 higher index is an error. |
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785 |
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786 To change a sequence of bytes the [:] notation can be used: > |
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787 let blob[1:3] = 0z445566 |
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788 The length of the replaced bytes must be exactly the same as the value |
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789 provided. *E972* |
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790 |
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791 To change part of a blob you can specify the first and last byte to be |
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792 modified. The value must have the same number of bytes in the range: > |
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793 :let blob[3:5] = 0z334455 |
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794 |
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|
795 You can also use the functions |add()|, |remove()| and |insert()|. |
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796 |
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797 |
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798 Blob identity ~ |
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|
799 |
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800 Blobs can be compared for equality: > |
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801 if blob == 0z001122 |
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802 And for equal identity: > |
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803 if blob is otherblob |
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804 < *blob-identity* *E977* |
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805 When variable "aa" is a Blob and you assign it to another variable "bb", both |
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806 variables refer to the same Blob. Then the "is" operator returns true. |
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|
807 |
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|
808 When making a copy using [:] or |copy()| the values are the same, but the |
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809 identity is different: > |
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|
810 :let blob = 0z112233 |
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|
811 :let blob2 = blob |
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812 :echo blob == blob2 |
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|
813 < 1 > |
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814 :echo blob is blob2 |
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815 < 1 > |
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816 :let blob3 = blob[:] |
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817 :echo blob == blob3 |
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818 < 1 > |
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819 :echo blob is blob3 |
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820 < 0 |
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821 |
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822 Making a copy of a Blob is done with the |copy()| function. Using [:] also |
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823 works, as explained above. |
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824 |
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|
825 |
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826 1.6 More about variables ~ |
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|
827 *more-variables* |
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828 If you need to know the type of a variable or expression, use the |type()| |
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829 function. |
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830 |
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831 When the '!' flag is included in the 'viminfo' option, global variables that |
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832 start with an uppercase letter, and don't contain a lowercase letter, are |
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833 stored in the viminfo file |viminfo-file|. |
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834 |
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835 When the 'sessionoptions' option contains "global", global variables that |
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836 start with an uppercase letter and contain at least one lowercase letter are |
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837 stored in the session file |session-file|. |
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838 |
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839 variable name can be stored where ~ |
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840 my_var_6 not |
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841 My_Var_6 session file |
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842 MY_VAR_6 viminfo file |
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843 |
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844 |
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845 In legacy script it is possible to form a variable name with curly braces, see |
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846 |curly-braces-names|. |
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847 |
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848 ============================================================================== |
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849 2. Expression syntax *expression-syntax* |
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|
850 *E1143* |
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851 Expression syntax summary, from least to most significant: |
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852 |
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|
853 |expr1| expr2 |
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854 expr2 ? expr1 : expr1 if-then-else |
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855 |
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856 |expr2| expr3 |
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857 expr3 || expr3 ... logical OR |
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858 |
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859 |expr3| expr4 |
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860 expr4 && expr4 ... logical AND |
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|
861 |
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862 |expr4| expr5 |
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863 expr5 == expr5 equal |
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864 expr5 != expr5 not equal |
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865 expr5 > expr5 greater than |
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866 expr5 >= expr5 greater than or equal |
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867 expr5 < expr5 smaller than |
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868 expr5 <= expr5 smaller than or equal |
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869 expr5 =~ expr5 regexp matches |
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870 expr5 !~ expr5 regexp doesn't match |
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|
871 |
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872 expr5 ==? expr5 equal, ignoring case |
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873 expr5 ==# expr5 equal, match case |
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874 etc. As above, append ? for ignoring case, # for |
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875 matching case |
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|
876 |
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877 expr5 is expr5 same |List|, |Dictionary| or |Blob| instance |
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878 expr5 isnot expr5 different |List|, |Dictionary| or |Blob| |
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|
879 instance |
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|
880 |
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881 |expr5| expr6 << expr6 bitwise left shift |
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882 expr6 >> expr6 bitwise right shift |
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883 |
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884 |expr6| expr7 |
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885 expr7 + expr7 ... number addition, list or blob concatenation |
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886 expr7 - expr7 ... number subtraction |
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887 expr7 . expr7 ... string concatenation |
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888 expr7 .. expr7 ... string concatenation |
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889 |
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890 |expr7| expr8 |
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891 expr8 * expr8 ... number multiplication |
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892 expr8 / expr8 ... number division |
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893 expr8 % expr8 ... number modulo |
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894 |
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895 |expr8| expr9 |
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896 <type>expr9 type check and conversion (|Vim9| only) |
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897 |
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898 |expr9| expr10 |
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899 ! expr9 logical NOT |
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900 - expr9 unary minus |
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901 + expr9 unary plus |
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902 |
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903 |expr10| expr11 |
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904 expr10[expr1] byte of a String or item of a |List| |
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905 expr10[expr1 : expr1] substring of a String or sublist of a |List| |
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906 expr10.name entry in a |Dictionary| |
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907 expr10(expr1, ...) function call with |Funcref| variable |
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908 expr10->name(expr1, ...) |method| call |
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909 |
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910 |expr11| number number constant |
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911 "string" string constant, backslash is special |
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912 'string' string constant, ' is doubled |
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913 [expr1, ...] |List| |
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914 {expr1: expr1, ...} |Dictionary| |
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915 #{key: expr1, ...} legacy |Dictionary| |
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916 &option option value |
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917 (expr1) nested expression |
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918 variable internal variable |
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919 va{ria}ble internal variable with curly braces |
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920 $VAR environment variable |
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921 @r contents of register 'r' |
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922 function(expr1, ...) function call |
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923 func{ti}on(expr1, ...) function call with curly braces |
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924 {args -> expr1} legacy lambda expression |
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925 (args) => expr1 Vim9 lambda expression |
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926 |
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927 |
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928 "..." indicates that the operations in this level can be concatenated. |
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929 Example: > |
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930 &nu || &list && &shell == "csh" |
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931 |
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932 All expressions within one level are parsed from left to right. |
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933 |
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934 Expression nesting is limited to 1000 levels deep (300 when build with MSVC) |
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935 to avoid running out of stack and crashing. *E1169* |
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936 |
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937 |
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938 expr1 *expr1* *ternary* *falsy-operator* *??* *E109* |
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939 ----- |
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940 |
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941 The ternary operator: expr2 ? expr1 : expr1 |
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942 The falsy operator: expr2 ?? expr1 |
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943 |
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944 Ternary operator ~ |
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945 |
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946 In legacy script the expression before the '?' is evaluated to a number. If |
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947 it evaluates to |TRUE|, the result is the value of the expression between the |
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948 '?' and ':', otherwise the result is the value of the expression after the |
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949 ':'. |
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950 |
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951 In |Vim9| script the first expression must evaluate to a boolean, see |
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952 |vim9-boolean|. |
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953 |
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954 Example: > |
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955 :echo lnum == 1 ? "top" : lnum |
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956 |
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957 Since the first expression is an "expr2", it cannot contain another ?:. The |
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958 other two expressions can, thus allow for recursive use of ?:. |
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959 Example: > |
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960 :echo lnum == 1 ? "top" : lnum == 1000 ? "last" : lnum |
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961 |
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962 To keep this readable, using |line-continuation| is suggested: > |
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963 :echo lnum == 1 |
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964 :\ ? "top" |
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965 :\ : lnum == 1000 |
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966 :\ ? "last" |
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967 :\ : lnum |
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968 |
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969 You should always put a space before the ':', otherwise it can be mistaken for |
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970 use in a variable such as "a:1". |
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971 |
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972 Falsy operator ~ |
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973 |
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974 This is also known as the "null coalescing operator", but that's too |
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975 complicated, thus we just call it the falsy operator. |
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976 |
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977 The expression before the '??' is evaluated. If it evaluates to |
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978 |truthy|, this is used as the result. Otherwise the expression after the '??' |
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979 is evaluated and used as the result. This is most useful to have a default |
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980 value for an expression that may result in zero or empty: > |
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981 echo theList ?? 'list is empty' |
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982 echo GetName() ?? 'unknown' |
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983 |
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984 These are similar, but not equal: > |
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985 expr2 ?? expr1 |
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986 expr2 ? expr2 : expr1 |
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987 In the second line "expr2" is evaluated twice. And in |Vim9| script the type |
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988 of expr2 before "?" must be a boolean. |
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989 |
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990 |
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991 expr2 and expr3 *expr2* *expr3* |
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992 --------------- |
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993 |
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994 expr3 || expr3 .. logical OR *expr-barbar* |
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995 expr4 && expr4 .. logical AND *expr-&&* |
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996 |
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997 The "||" and "&&" operators take one argument on each side. |
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998 |
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999 In legacy script the arguments are (converted to) Numbers. |
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1000 |
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1001 In |Vim9| script the values must be boolean, see |vim9-boolean|. Use "!!" to |
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1002 convert any type to a boolean. |
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1003 |
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1004 The result is: |
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1005 input output ~ |
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1006 n1 n2 n1 || n2 n1 && n2 ~ |
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1007 |FALSE| |FALSE| |FALSE| |FALSE| |
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1008 |FALSE| |TRUE| |TRUE| |FALSE| |
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1009 |TRUE| |FALSE| |TRUE| |FALSE| |
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1010 |TRUE| |TRUE| |TRUE| |TRUE| |
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1011 |
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1012 The operators can be concatenated, for example: > |
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1013 |
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1014 &nu || &list && &shell == "csh" |
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1015 |
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1016 Note that "&&" takes precedence over "||", so this has the meaning of: > |
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1017 |
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1018 &nu || (&list && &shell == "csh") |
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1019 |
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1020 Once the result is known, the expression "short-circuits", that is, further |
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1021 arguments are not evaluated. This is like what happens in C. For example: > |
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1022 |
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1023 let a = 1 |
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1024 echo a || b |
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1025 |
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1026 This is valid even if there is no variable called "b" because "a" is |TRUE|, |
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1027 so the result must be |TRUE|. Similarly below: > |
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1028 |
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1029 echo exists("b") && b == "yes" |
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1030 |
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1031 This is valid whether "b" has been defined or not. The second clause will |
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1032 only be evaluated if "b" has been defined. |
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1033 |
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1034 |
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1035 expr4 *expr4* *E1153* |
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1036 ----- |
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1037 |
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1038 expr5 {cmp} expr5 |
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1039 |
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1040 Compare two expr5 expressions. In legacy script the result is a 0 if it |
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1041 evaluates to false, or 1 if it evaluates to true. In |Vim9| script the result |
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1042 is |true| or |false|. |
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1043 |
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1044 *expr-==* *expr-!=* *expr->* *expr->=* |
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1045 *expr-<* *expr-<=* *expr-=~* *expr-!~* |
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1046 *expr-==#* *expr-!=#* *expr->#* *expr->=#* |
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1047 *expr-<#* *expr-<=#* *expr-=~#* *expr-!~#* |
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1048 *expr-==?* *expr-!=?* *expr->?* *expr->=?* |
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1049 *expr-<?* *expr-<=?* *expr-=~?* *expr-!~?* |
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1050 *expr-is* *expr-isnot* *expr-is#* *expr-isnot#* |
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1051 *expr-is?* *expr-isnot?* *E1072* |
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1052 use 'ignorecase' match case ignore case ~ |
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1053 equal == ==# ==? |
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1054 not equal != !=# !=? |
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1055 greater than > ># >? |
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1056 greater than or equal >= >=# >=? |
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1057 smaller than < <# <? |
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1058 smaller than or equal <= <=# <=? |
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1059 regexp matches =~ =~# =~? |
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1060 regexp doesn't match !~ !~# !~? |
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1061 same instance is is# is? |
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1062 different instance isnot isnot# isnot? |
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1063 |
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1064 Examples: |
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1065 "abc" ==# "Abc" evaluates to 0 |
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1066 "abc" ==? "Abc" evaluates to 1 |
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1067 "abc" == "Abc" evaluates to 1 if 'ignorecase' is set, 0 otherwise |
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1068 NOTE: In |Vim9| script 'ignorecase' is not used. |
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1069 |
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1070 *E691* *E692* |
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1071 A |List| can only be compared with a |List| and only "equal", "not equal", |
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1072 "is" and "isnot" can be used. This compares the values of the list, |
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1073 recursively. Ignoring case means case is ignored when comparing item values. |
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1074 |
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1075 *E735* *E736* |
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1076 A |Dictionary| can only be compared with a |Dictionary| and only "equal", "not |
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1077 equal", "is" and "isnot" can be used. This compares the key/values of the |
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1078 |Dictionary| recursively. Ignoring case means case is ignored when comparing |
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1079 item values. |
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1080 |
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1081 *E694* |
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1082 A |Funcref| can only be compared with a |Funcref| and only "equal", "not |
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1083 equal", "is" and "isnot" can be used. Case is never ignored. Whether |
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1084 arguments or a Dictionary are bound (with a partial) matters. The |
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1085 Dictionaries must also be equal (or the same, in case of "is") and the |
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1086 arguments must be equal (or the same). |
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1087 |
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1088 To compare Funcrefs to see if they refer to the same function, ignoring bound |
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1089 Dictionary and arguments, use |get()| to get the function name: > |
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1090 if get(Part1, 'name') == get(Part2, 'name') |
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1091 " Part1 and Part2 refer to the same function |
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1092 < *E1037* |
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1093 Using "is" or "isnot" with a |List|, |Dictionary| or |Blob| checks whether |
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1094 the expressions are referring to the same |List|, |Dictionary| or |Blob| |
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1095 instance. A copy of a |List| is different from the original |List|. When |
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1096 using "is" without a |List|, |Dictionary| or |Blob|, it is equivalent to |
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1097 using "equal", using "isnot" equivalent to using "not equal". Except that |
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1098 a different type means the values are different: > |
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1099 echo 4 == '4' |
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1100 1 |
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1101 echo 4 is '4' |
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1102 0 |
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1103 echo 0 is [] |
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1104 0 |
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1105 "is#"/"isnot#" and "is?"/"isnot?" can be used to match and ignore case. |
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1106 In |Vim9| script this doesn't work, two strings are never identical. |
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1107 |
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1108 In legacy script, when comparing a String with a Number, the String is |
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1109 converted to a Number, and the comparison is done on Numbers. This means |
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1110 that: > |
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1111 echo 0 == 'x' |
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1112 1 |
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1113 because 'x' converted to a Number is zero. However: > |
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1114 echo [0] == ['x'] |
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1115 0 |
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1116 Inside a List or Dictionary this conversion is not used. |
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1117 |
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1118 In |Vim9| script the types must match. |
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1119 |
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1120 When comparing two Strings, this is done with strcmp() or stricmp(). This |
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1121 results in the mathematical difference (comparing byte values), not |
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1122 necessarily the alphabetical difference in the local language. |
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1123 |
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1124 When using the operators with a trailing '#', or the short version and |
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1125 'ignorecase' is off, the comparing is done with strcmp(): case matters. |
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1126 |
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1127 When using the operators with a trailing '?', or the short version and |
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1128 'ignorecase' is set, the comparing is done with stricmp(): case is ignored. |
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1129 |
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1130 'smartcase' is not used. |
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1131 |
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1132 The "=~" and "!~" operators match the lefthand argument with the righthand |
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1133 argument, which is used as a pattern. See |pattern| for what a pattern is. |
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1134 This matching is always done like 'magic' was set and 'cpoptions' is empty, no |
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1135 matter what the actual value of 'magic' or 'cpoptions' is. This makes scripts |
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1136 portable. To avoid backslashes in the regexp pattern to be doubled, use a |
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1137 single-quote string, see |literal-string|. |
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1138 Since a string is considered to be a single line, a multi-line pattern |
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1139 (containing \n, backslash-n) will not match. However, a literal NL character |
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1140 can be matched like an ordinary character. Examples: |
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1141 "foo\nbar" =~ "\n" evaluates to 1 |
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1142 "foo\nbar" =~ "\\n" evaluates to 0 |
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1143 |
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1144 |
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1145 expr5 *expr5* *bitwise-shift* |
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1146 ----- |
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1147 expr6 << expr6 bitwise left shift *expr-<<* |
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1148 expr6 >> expr6 bitwise right shift *expr->>* |
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1149 *E1282* *E1283* |
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1150 The "<<" and ">>" operators can be used to perform bitwise left or right shift |
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1151 of the left operand by the number of bits specified by the right operand. The |
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1152 operands are used as positive numbers. When shifting right with ">>" the |
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1153 topmost bit (sometimes called the sign bit) is cleared. If the right operand |
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1154 (shift amount) is more than the maximum number of bits in a number |
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1155 (|v:numbersize|) the result is zero. |
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1156 |
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1157 |
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1158 expr6 and expr7 *expr6* *expr7* *E1036* *E1051* |
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1159 --------------- |
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1160 expr7 + expr7 Number addition, |List| or |Blob| concatenation *expr-+* |
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1161 expr7 - expr7 Number subtraction *expr--* |
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1162 expr7 . expr7 String concatenation *expr-.* |
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1163 expr7 .. expr7 String concatenation *expr-..* |
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1164 |
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1165 For |Lists| only "+" is possible and then both expr7 must be a list. The |
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1166 result is a new list with the two lists Concatenated. |
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1167 |
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1168 For String concatenation ".." is preferred, since "." is ambiguous, it is also |
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1169 used for |Dict| member access and floating point numbers. |
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1170 In |Vim9| script and when |vimscript-version| is 2 or higher, using "." is not |
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1171 allowed. |
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1172 |
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1173 In |Vim9| script the arguments of ".." are converted to String for simple |
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1174 types: Number, Float, Special and Bool. For other types |string()| should be |
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1175 used. |
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1176 |
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1177 expr8 * expr8 Number multiplication *expr-star* |
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1178 expr8 / expr8 Number division *expr-/* |
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1179 expr8 % expr8 Number modulo *expr-%* |
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1180 |
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1181 In legacy script, for all operators except "." and "..", Strings are converted |
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1182 to Numbers. |
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1183 |
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1184 For bitwise operators see |and()|, |or()| and |xor()|. |
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1185 |
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1186 Note the difference between "+" and ".." in legacy script: |
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1187 "123" + "456" = 579 |
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1188 "123" .. "456" = "123456" |
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1189 |
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1190 Since '..' has the same precedence as '+' and '-', you need to read: > |
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1191 1 .. 90 + 90.0 |
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1192 As: > |
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1193 (1 .. 90) + 90.0 |
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1194 That works in legacy script, since the String "190" is automatically converted |
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1195 to the Number 190, which can be added to the Float 90.0. However: > |
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1196 1 .. 90 * 90.0 |
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1197 Should be read as: > |
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1198 1 .. (90 * 90.0) |
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1199 Since '..' has lower precedence than '*'. This does NOT work, since this |
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1200 attempts to concatenate a Float and a String. |
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1201 |
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1202 When dividing a Number by zero the result depends on the value: |
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1203 0 / 0 = -0x80000000 (like NaN for Float) |
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1204 >0 / 0 = 0x7fffffff (like positive infinity) |
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1205 <0 / 0 = -0x7fffffff (like negative infinity) |
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1206 (before Vim 7.2 it was always 0x7fffffff) |
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1207 In |Vim9| script dividing a number by zero is an error. *E1154* |
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1208 |
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1209 When 64-bit Number support is enabled: |
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1210 0 / 0 = -0x8000000000000000 (like NaN for Float) |
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1211 >0 / 0 = 0x7fffffffffffffff (like positive infinity) |
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1212 <0 / 0 = -0x7fffffffffffffff (like negative infinity) |
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1213 |
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1214 When the righthand side of '%' is zero, the result is 0. |
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1215 |
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1216 None of these work for |Funcref|s. |
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1217 |
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1218 ".", ".." and "%" do not work for Float. *E804* *E1035* |
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1219 |
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1220 |
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1221 expr8 *expr8* |
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1222 ----- |
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1223 <type>expr9 |
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1224 |
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1225 This is only available in |Vim9| script, see |type-casting|. |
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1226 |
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1227 |
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1228 expr9 *expr9* |
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1229 ----- |
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1230 ! expr9 logical NOT *expr-!* |
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1231 - expr9 unary minus *expr-unary--* |
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1232 + expr9 unary plus *expr-unary-+* |
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1233 |
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1234 For '!' |TRUE| becomes |FALSE|, |FALSE| becomes |TRUE| (one). |
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1235 For '-' the sign of the number is changed. |
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1236 For '+' the number is unchanged. Note: "++" has no effect. |
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1237 |
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1238 In legacy script a String will be converted to a Number first. Note that if |
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1239 the string does not start with a digit you likely don't get what you expect. |
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1240 |
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1241 In |Vim9| script an error is given when "-" or "+" is used and the type is not |
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1242 a number. |
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1243 |
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1244 In |Vim9| script "!" can be used for any type and the result is always a |
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1245 boolean. Use "!!" to convert any type to a boolean, according to whether the |
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1246 value is |falsy|. |
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1247 |
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1248 These three can be repeated and mixed. Examples: |
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1249 !-1 == 0 |
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1250 !!8 == 1 |
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1251 --9 == 9 |
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1252 |
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1253 |
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1254 expr10 *expr10* |
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1255 ------ |
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1256 This expression is either |expr11| or a sequence of the alternatives below, |
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1257 in any order. E.g., these are all possible: |
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1258 expr10[expr1].name |
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1259 expr10.name[expr1] |
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1260 expr10(expr1, ...)[expr1].name |
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1261 expr10->(expr1, ...)[expr1] |
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1262 Evaluation is always from left to right. |
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1263 |
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1264 expr10[expr1] item of String or |List| *expr-[]* *E111* |
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1265 *E909* *subscript* *E1062* |
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1266 In legacy Vim script: |
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1267 If expr10 is a Number or String this results in a String that contains the |
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1268 expr1'th single byte from expr10. expr10 is used as a String (a number is |
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1269 automatically converted to a String), expr1 as a Number. This doesn't |
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1270 recognize multibyte encodings, see `byteidx()` for an alternative, or use |
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1271 `split()` to turn the string into a list of characters. Example, to get the |
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1272 byte under the cursor: > |
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1273 :let c = getline(".")[col(".") - 1] |
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1274 |
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1275 In |Vim9| script: *E1147* *E1148* |
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1276 If expr10 is a String this results in a String that contains the expr1'th |
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1277 single character (including any composing characters) from expr10. To use byte |
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1278 indexes use |strpart()|. |
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1279 |
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1280 Index zero gives the first byte or character. Careful: text column numbers |
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1281 start with one! |
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1282 |
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1283 If the length of the String is less than the index, the result is an empty |
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1284 String. A negative index always results in an empty string (reason: backward |
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1285 compatibility). Use [-1:] to get the last byte or character. |
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1286 In Vim9 script a negative index is used like with a list: count from the end. |
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1287 |
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1288 If expr10 is a |List| then it results the item at index expr1. See |list-index| |
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1289 for possible index values. If the index is out of range this results in an |
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1290 error. Example: > |
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1291 :let item = mylist[-1] " get last item |
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1292 |
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1293 Generally, if a |List| index is equal to or higher than the length of the |
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1294 |List|, or more negative than the length of the |List|, this results in an |
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1295 error. |
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1296 |
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1297 |
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1298 expr10[expr1a : expr1b] substring or |sublist| *expr-[:]* *substring* |
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1299 |
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1300 If expr10 is a String this results in the substring with the bytes or |
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1301 characters from expr1a to and including expr1b. expr10 is used as a String, |
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1302 expr1a and expr1b are used as a Number. |
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1303 |
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1304 In legacy Vim script the indexes are byte indexes. This doesn't recognize |
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1305 multibyte encodings, see |byteidx()| for computing the indexes. If expr10 is |
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1306 a Number it is first converted to a String. |
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1307 |
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1308 In Vim9 script the indexes are character indexes and include composing |
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1309 characters. To use byte indexes use |strpart()|. To use character indexes |
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1310 without including composing characters use |strcharpart()|. |
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1311 |
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1312 The item at index expr1b is included, it is inclusive. For an exclusive index |
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1313 use the |slice()| function. |
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1314 |
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1315 If expr1a is omitted zero is used. If expr1b is omitted the length of the |
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1316 string minus one is used. |
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1317 |
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1318 A negative number can be used to measure from the end of the string. -1 is |
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1319 the last character, -2 the last but one, etc. |
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1320 |
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1321 If an index goes out of range for the string characters are omitted. If |
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1322 expr1b is smaller than expr1a the result is an empty string. |
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1323 |
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1324 Examples: > |
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1325 :let c = name[-1:] " last byte of a string |
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1326 :let c = name[0:-1] " the whole string |
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1327 :let c = name[-2:-2] " last but one byte of a string |
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1328 :let s = line(".")[4:] " from the fifth byte to the end |
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1329 :let s = s[:-3] " remove last two bytes |
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|
1330 < |
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|
1331 *slice* |
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|
1332 If expr10 is a |List| this results in a new |List| with the items indicated by |
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1333 the indexes expr1a and expr1b. This works like with a String, as explained |
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diff
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|
1334 just above. Also see |sublist| below. Examples: > |
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1335 :let l = mylist[:3] " first four items |
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1336 :let l = mylist[4:4] " List with one item |
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1337 :let l = mylist[:] " shallow copy of a List |
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1338 |
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1339 If expr10 is a |Blob| this results in a new |Blob| with the bytes in the |
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1340 indexes expr1a and expr1b, inclusive. Examples: > |
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|
1341 :let b = 0zDEADBEEF |
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|
1342 :let bs = b[1:2] " 0zADBE |
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|
1343 :let bs = b[:] " copy of 0zDEADBEEF |
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|
1344 |
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|
1345 Using expr10[expr1] or expr10[expr1a : expr1b] on a |Funcref| results in an |
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|
1346 error. |
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|
1347 |
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|
1348 Watch out for confusion between a namespace and a variable followed by a colon |
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|
1349 for a sublist: > |
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|
1350 mylist[n:] " uses variable n |
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|
1351 mylist[s:] " uses namespace s:, error! |
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|
1352 |
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|
1353 |
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|
1354 expr10.name entry in a |Dictionary| *expr-entry* |
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|
1355 *E1203* *E1229* |
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|
1356 If expr10 is a |Dictionary| and it is followed by a dot, then the following |
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1357 name will be used as a key in the |Dictionary|. This is just like: |
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1358 expr10[name]. |
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|
1359 |
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1360 The name must consist of alphanumeric characters, just like a variable name, |
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1361 but it may start with a number. Curly braces cannot be used. |
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1362 |
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1363 There must not be white space before or after the dot. |
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|
1364 |
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|
1365 Examples: > |
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|
1366 :let dict = {"one": 1, 2: "two"} |
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|
1367 :echo dict.one " shows "1" |
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|
1368 :echo dict.2 " shows "two" |
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1369 :echo dict .2 " error because of space before the dot |
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|
1370 |
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|
1371 Note that the dot is also used for String concatenation. To avoid confusion |
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1372 always put spaces around the dot for String concatenation. |
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1373 |
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|
1374 |
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|
1375 expr10(expr1, ...) |Funcref| function call *E1085* |
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|
1376 |
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1377 When expr10 is a |Funcref| type variable, invoke the function it refers to. |
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1378 |
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|
1379 |
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1380 expr10->name([args]) method call *method* *->* |
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|
1381 expr10->{lambda}([args]) |
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|
1382 *E260* *E276* *E1265* |
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1383 For methods that are also available as global functions this is the same as: > |
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|
1384 name(expr10 [, args]) |
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|
1385 There can also be methods specifically for the type of "expr10". |
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|
1386 |
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1387 This allows for chaining, passing the value that one method returns to the |
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|
1388 next method: > |
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|
1389 mylist->filter(filterexpr)->map(mapexpr)->sort()->join() |
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1390 < |
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1391 Example of using a lambda: > |
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1392 GetPercentage()->{x -> x * 100}()->printf('%d%%') |
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|
1393 < |
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|
1394 When using -> the |expr9| operators will be applied first, thus: > |
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|
1395 -1.234->string() |
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|
1396 Is equivalent to: > |
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|
1397 (-1.234)->string() |
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|
1398 And NOT: > |
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|
1399 -(1.234->string()) |
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|
1400 |
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|
1401 What comes after "->" can be a name, a simple expression (not containing any |
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|
1402 parenthesis), or any expression in parentheses: > |
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|
1403 base->name(args) |
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|
1404 base->some.name(args) |
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|
1405 base->alist[idx](args) |
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|
1406 base->(getFuncRef())(args) |
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|
1407 Note that in the last call the base is passed to the function resulting from |
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|
1408 "(getFuncRef())", inserted before "args". *E1275* |
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|
1409 |
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1410 *E274* |
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|
1411 "->name(" must not contain white space. There can be white space before the |
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1412 "->" and after the "(", thus you can split the lines like this: > |
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|
1413 mylist |
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|
1414 \ ->filter(filterexpr) |
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|
1415 \ ->map(mapexpr) |
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|
1416 \ ->sort() |
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|
1417 \ ->join() |
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|
1418 |
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|
1419 When using the lambda form there must be no white space between the } and the |
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|
1420 (. |
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|
1421 |
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|
1422 |
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|
1423 *expr11* |
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|
1424 number |
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|
1425 ------ |
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|
1426 number number constant *expr-number* |
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|
1427 |
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|
1428 *0x* *hex-number* *0o* *octal-number* *binary-number* |
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1429 Decimal, Hexadecimal (starting with 0x or 0X), Binary (starting with 0b or 0B) |
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1430 and Octal (starting with 0, 0o or 0O). |
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|
1431 |
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|
1432 Assuming 64 bit numbers are used (see |v:numbersize|) an unsigned number is |
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|
1433 truncated to 0x7fffffffffffffff or 9223372036854775807. You can use -1 to get |
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|
1434 0xffffffffffffffff. |
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|
1435 |
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|
1436 *floating-point-format* |
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|
1437 Floating point numbers can be written in two forms: |
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|
1438 |
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|
1439 [-+]{N}.{M} |
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|
1440 [-+]{N}.{M}[eE][-+]{exp} |
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1441 |
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1442 {N} and {M} are numbers. Both {N} and {M} must be present and can only |
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1443 contain digits, except that in |Vim9| script in {N} single quotes between |
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1444 digits are ignored. |
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1445 [-+] means there is an optional plus or minus sign. |
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|
1446 {exp} is the exponent, power of 10. |
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|
1447 Only a decimal point is accepted, not a comma. No matter what the current |
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1448 locale is. |
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1449 |
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|
1450 Examples: |
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|
1451 123.456 |
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1452 +0.0001 |
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|
1453 55.0 |
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1454 -0.123 |
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1455 1.234e03 |
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|
1456 1.0E-6 |
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|
1457 -3.1416e+88 |
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1458 |
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|
1459 These are INVALID: |
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|
1460 3. empty {M} |
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|
1461 1e40 missing .{M} |
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|
1462 |
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|
1463 Rationale: |
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1464 Before floating point was introduced, the text "123.456" was interpreted as |
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|
1465 the two numbers "123" and "456", both converted to a string and concatenated, |
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Fix line endings issue
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|
1466 resulting in the string "123456". Since this was considered pointless, and we |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
1467 could not find it intentionally being used in Vim scripts, this backwards |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1468 incompatibility was accepted in favor of being able to use the normal notation |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
1469 for floating point numbers. |
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diff
changeset
|
1470 |
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|
1471 *float-pi* *float-e* |
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|
1472 A few useful values to copy&paste: > |
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diff
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|
1473 :let pi = 3.14159265359 |
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diff
changeset
|
1474 :let e = 2.71828182846 |
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|
1475 Or, if you don't want to write them in as floating-point literals, you can |
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diff
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|
1476 also use functions, like the following: > |
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changeset
|
1477 :let pi = acos(-1.0) |
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|
1478 :let e = exp(1.0) |
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diff
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|
1479 < |
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diff
changeset
|
1480 *floating-point-precision* |
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diff
changeset
|
1481 The precision and range of floating points numbers depends on what "double" |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1482 means in the library Vim was compiled with. There is no way to change this at |
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|
1483 runtime. |
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|
1484 |
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diff
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|
1485 The default for displaying a |Float| is to use 6 decimal places, like using |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
1486 printf("%g", f). You can select something else when using the |printf()| |
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|
1487 function. Example: > |
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|
1488 :echo printf('%.15e', atan(1)) |
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|
1489 < 7.853981633974483e-01 |
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|
1490 |
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changeset
|
1491 |
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changeset
|
1492 |
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|
1493 string *string* *String* *expr-string* *E114* |
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|
1494 ------ |
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changeset
|
1495 "string" string constant *expr-quote* |
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|
1496 |
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changeset
|
1497 Note that double quotes are used. |
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|
1498 |
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|
1499 A string constant accepts these special characters: |
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1500 \... three-digit octal number (e.g., "\316") |
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|
1501 \.. two-digit octal number (must be followed by non-digit) |
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1502 \. one-digit octal number (must be followed by non-digit) |
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1503 \x.. byte specified with two hex numbers (e.g., "\x1f") |
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1504 \x. byte specified with one hex number (must be followed by non-hex char) |
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1505 \X.. same as \x.. |
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1506 \X. same as \x. |
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1507 \u.... character specified with up to 4 hex numbers, stored according to the |
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|
1508 current value of 'encoding' (e.g., "\u02a4") |
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|
1509 \U.... same as \u but allows up to 8 hex numbers. |
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|
1510 \b backspace <BS> |
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|
1511 \e escape <Esc> |
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|
1512 \f formfeed 0x0C |
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|
1513 \n newline <NL> |
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|
1514 \r return <CR> |
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changeset
|
1515 \t tab <Tab> |
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|
1516 \\ backslash |
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changeset
|
1517 \" double quote |
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|
1518 \<xxx> Special key named "xxx". e.g. "\<C-W>" for CTRL-W. This is for use |
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|
1519 in mappings, the 0x80 byte is escaped. |
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1520 To use the double quote character it must be escaped: "<M-\">". |
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1521 Don't use <Char-xxxx> to get a UTF-8 character, use \uxxxx as |
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|
1522 mentioned above. |
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1523 \<*xxx> Like \<xxx> but prepends a modifier instead of including it in the |
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|
1524 character. E.g. "\<C-w>" is one character 0x17 while "\<*C-w>" is four |
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1525 bytes: 3 for the CTRL modifier and then character "W". |
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|
1526 |
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|
1527 Note that "\xff" is stored as the byte 255, which may be invalid in some |
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1528 encodings. Use "\u00ff" to store character 255 according to the current value |
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|
1529 of 'encoding'. |
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|
1530 |
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1531 Note that "\000" and "\x00" force the end of the string. |
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|
1532 |
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|
1533 |
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|
1534 blob-literal *blob-literal* *E973* |
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|
1535 ------------ |
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changeset
|
1536 |
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|
1537 Hexadecimal starting with 0z or 0Z, with an arbitrary number of bytes. |
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1538 The sequence must be an even number of hex characters. Example: > |
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|
1539 :let b = 0zFF00ED015DAF |
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|
1540 |
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|
1541 |
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|
1542 literal-string *literal-string* *E115* |
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|
1543 --------------- |
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|
1544 'string' string constant *expr-'* |
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|
1545 |
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changeset
|
1546 Note that single quotes are used. |
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|
1547 |
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|
1548 This string is taken as it is. No backslashes are removed or have a special |
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|
1549 meaning. The only exception is that two quotes stand for one quote. |
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changeset
|
1550 |
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|
1551 Single quoted strings are useful for patterns, so that backslashes do not need |
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|
1552 to be doubled. These two commands are equivalent: > |
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|
1553 if a =~ "\\s*" |
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|
1554 if a =~ '\s*' |
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|
1555 |
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changeset
|
1556 |
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|
1557 interpolated-string *$quote* *interpolated-string* |
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|
1558 -------------------- |
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|
1559 $"string" interpolated string constant *expr-$quote* |
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|
1560 $'string' interpolated literal string constant *expr-$'* |
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changeset
|
1561 |
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|
1562 Interpolated strings are an extension of the |string| and |literal-string|, |
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|
1563 allowing the inclusion of Vim script expressions (see |expr1|). Any |
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|
1564 expression returning a value can be enclosed between curly braces. The value |
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|
1565 is converted to a string. All the text and results of the expressions |
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|
1566 are concatenated to make a new string. |
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|
1567 *E1278* *E1279* |
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|
1568 To include an opening brace '{' or closing brace '}' in the string content |
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|
1569 double it. For double quoted strings using a backslash also works. A single |
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|
1570 closing brace '}' will result in an error. |
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|
1571 |
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|
1572 Examples: > |
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|
1573 let your_name = input("What's your name? ") |
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|
1574 < What's your name? Peter ~ |
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|
1575 > |
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|
1576 echo |
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|
1577 echo $"Hello, {your_name}!" |
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|
1578 < Hello, Peter! ~ |
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|
1579 > |
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|
1580 echo $"The square root of {{9}} is {sqrt(9)}" |
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|
1581 < The square root of {9} is 3.0 ~ |
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|
1582 |
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|
1583 *string-offset-encoding* |
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|
1584 A string consists of multiple characters. How the characters are stored |
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|
1585 depends on 'encoding'. Most common is UTF-8, which uses one byte for ASCII |
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|
1586 characters, two bytes for other latin characters and more bytes for other |
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|
1587 characters. |
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|
1588 |
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|
1589 A string offset can count characters or bytes. Other programs may use |
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|
1590 UTF-16 encoding (16-bit words) and an offset of UTF-16 words. Some functions |
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|
1591 use byte offsets, usually for UTF-8 encoding. Other functions use character |
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changeset
|
1592 offsets, in which case the encoding doesn't matter. |
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changeset
|
1593 |
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|
1594 The different offsets for the string "a©😊" are below: |
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|
1595 |
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|
1596 UTF-8 offsets: |
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|
1597 [0]: 61, [1]: C2, [2]: A9, [3]: F0, [4]: 9F, [5]: 98, [6]: 8A |
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|
1598 UTF-16 offsets: |
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|
1599 [0]: 0061, [1]: 00A9, [2]: D83D, [3]: DE0A |
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1600 UTF-32 (character) offsets: |
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1601 [0]: 00000061, [1]: 000000A9, [2]: 0001F60A |
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1602 |
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1603 You can use the "g8" and "ga" commands on a character to see the |
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1604 decimal/hex/octal values. |
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1605 |
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1606 The functions |byteidx()|, |utf16idx()| and |charidx()| can be used to convert |
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1607 between these indices. The functions |strlen()|, |strutf16len()| and |
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1608 |strcharlen()| return the number of bytes, UTF-16 code units and characters in |
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1609 a string respectively. |
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1610 |
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1611 option *expr-option* *E112* *E113* |
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1612 ------ |
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1613 &option option value, local value if possible |
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1614 &g:option global option value |
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1615 &l:option local option value |
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1616 |
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|
1617 Examples: > |
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1618 echo "tabstop is " .. &tabstop |
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1619 if &insertmode |
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1620 |
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1621 Any option name can be used here. See |options|. When using the local value |
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1622 and there is no buffer-local or window-local value, the global value is used |
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1623 anyway. |
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1624 |
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1625 |
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1626 register *expr-register* *@r* |
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1627 -------- |
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1628 @r contents of register 'r' |
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1629 |
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1630 The result is the contents of the named register, as a single string. |
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1631 Newlines are inserted where required. To get the contents of the unnamed |
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1632 register use @" or @@. See |registers| for an explanation of the available |
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1633 registers. |
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1634 |
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1635 When using the '=' register you get the expression itself, not what it |
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1636 evaluates to. Use |eval()| to evaluate it. |
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1637 |
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1638 |
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1639 nesting *expr-nesting* *E110* |
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1640 ------- |
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1641 (expr1) nested expression |
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1642 |
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1643 |
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1644 environment variable *expr-env* |
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1645 -------------------- |
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1646 $VAR environment variable |
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1647 |
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1648 The String value of any environment variable. When it is not defined, the |
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1649 result is an empty string. |
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1650 |
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1651 The functions `getenv()` and `setenv()` can also be used and work for |
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1652 environment variables with non-alphanumeric names. |
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1653 The function `environ()` can be used to get a Dict with all environment |
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1654 variables. |
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1655 |
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1656 |
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1657 *expr-env-expand* |
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1658 Note that there is a difference between using $VAR directly and using |
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1659 expand("$VAR"). Using it directly will only expand environment variables that |
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1660 are known inside the current Vim session. Using expand() will first try using |
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1661 the environment variables known inside the current Vim session. If that |
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1662 fails, a shell will be used to expand the variable. This can be slow, but it |
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1663 does expand all variables that the shell knows about. Example: > |
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|
1664 :echo $shell |
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1665 :echo expand("$shell") |
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1666 The first one probably doesn't echo anything, the second echoes the $shell |
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1667 variable (if your shell supports it). |
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1668 |
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1669 |
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1670 internal variable *expr-variable* *E1015* *E1089* |
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|
1671 ----------------- |
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1672 variable internal variable |
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1673 See below |internal-variables|. |
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1674 |
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1675 |
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1676 function call *expr-function* *E116* *E118* *E119* *E120* |
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1677 ------------- |
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1678 function(expr1, ...) function call |
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1679 See below |functions|. |
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1680 |
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|
1681 |
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1682 lambda expression *expr-lambda* *lambda* |
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|
1683 ----------------- |
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1684 {args -> expr1} legacy lambda expression *E451* |
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|
1685 (args) => expr1 |Vim9| lambda expression |
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1686 |
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1687 A lambda expression creates a new unnamed function which returns the result of |
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1688 evaluating |expr1|. Lambda expressions differ from |user-functions| in |
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|
1689 the following ways: |
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|
1690 |
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1691 1. The body of the lambda expression is an |expr1| and not a sequence of |Ex| |
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1692 commands. |
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1693 2. The prefix "a:" should not be used for arguments. E.g.: > |
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1694 :let F = {arg1, arg2 -> arg1 - arg2} |
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|
1695 :echo F(5, 2) |
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|
1696 < 3 |
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|
1697 |
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|
1698 The arguments are optional. Example: > |
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|
1699 :let F = {-> 'error function'} |
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|
1700 :echo F('ignored') |
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|
1701 < error function |
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|
1702 |
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1703 The |Vim9| lambda does not only use a different syntax, it also adds type |
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1704 checking and can be split over multiple lines, see |vim9-lambda|. |
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|
1705 |
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|
1706 *closure* |
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1707 Lambda expressions can access outer scope variables and arguments. This is |
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1708 often called a closure. Example where "i" and "a:arg" are used in a lambda |
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1709 while they already exist in the function scope. They remain valid even after |
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1710 the function returns: > |
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|
1711 :function Foo(arg) |
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1712 : let i = 3 |
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1713 : return {x -> x + i - a:arg} |
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|
1714 :endfunction |
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1715 :let Bar = Foo(4) |
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1716 :echo Bar(6) |
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1717 < 5 |
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1718 |
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1719 Note that the variables must exist in the outer scope before the lambda is |
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1720 defined for this to work. See also |:func-closure|. |
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1721 |
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1722 Lambda and closure support can be checked with: > |
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1723 if has('lambda') |
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1724 |
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1725 Examples for using a lambda expression with |sort()|, |map()| and |filter()|: > |
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1726 :echo map([1, 2, 3], {idx, val -> val + 1}) |
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1727 < [2, 3, 4] > |
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1728 :echo sort([3,7,2,1,4], {a, b -> a - b}) |
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1729 < [1, 2, 3, 4, 7] |
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1730 |
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1731 The lambda expression is also useful for Channel, Job and timer: > |
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1732 :let timer = timer_start(500, |
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1733 \ {-> execute("echo 'Handler called'", "")}, |
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1734 \ {'repeat': 3}) |
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1735 < Handler called |
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1736 Handler called |
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1737 Handler called |
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1738 |
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1739 Note that it is possible to cause memory to be used and not freed if the |
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1740 closure is referenced by the context it depends on: > |
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|
1741 function Function() |
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1742 let x = 0 |
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1743 let F = {-> x} |
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1744 endfunction |
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1745 The closure uses "x" from the function scope, and "F" in that same scope |
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1746 refers to the closure. This cycle results in the memory not being freed. |
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1747 Recommendation: don't do this. |
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1748 |
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1749 Notice how execute() is used to execute an Ex command. That's ugly though. |
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1750 In Vim9 script you can use a command block, see |inline-function|. |
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1751 |
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1752 Although you can use the loop variable of a `for` command, it must still exist |
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1753 when the closure is called, otherwise you get an error. *E1302* |
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1754 |
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1755 Lambda expressions have internal names like '<lambda>42'. If you get an error |
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1756 for a lambda expression, you can find what it is with the following command: > |
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1757 :function <lambda>42 |
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1758 See also: |numbered-function| |
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1759 |
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1760 ============================================================================== |
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1761 3. Internal variable *internal-variables* *E461* *E1001* |
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1762 |
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1763 An internal variable name can be made up of letters, digits and '_'. But it |
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1764 cannot start with a digit. In legacy script it is also possible to use curly |
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1765 braces, see |curly-braces-names|. |
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1766 |
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1767 In legacy script an internal variable is created with the ":let" command |
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1768 |:let|. An internal variable is explicitly destroyed with the ":unlet" |
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1769 command |:unlet|. |
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1770 Using a name that is not an internal variable or refers to a variable that has |
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1771 been destroyed results in an error. |
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1772 |
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1773 In |Vim9| script `:let` is not used and variables work differently, see |:var|. |
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1774 |
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1775 *variable-scope* |
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1776 There are several name spaces for variables. Which one is to be used is |
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1777 specified by what is prepended: |
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1778 |
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1779 (nothing) In a function: local to the function; |
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1780 in a legacy script: global; |
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1781 in a |Vim9| script: local to the script |
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1782 |buffer-variable| b: Local to the current buffer. |
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1783 |window-variable| w: Local to the current window. |
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1784 |tabpage-variable| t: Local to the current tab page. |
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1785 |global-variable| g: Global. |
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1786 |local-variable| l: Local to a function (only in a legacy function) |
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1787 |script-variable| s: Local to a |:source|'ed Vim script. |
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1788 |function-argument| a: Function argument (only in a legacy function). |
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1789 |vim-variable| v: Global, predefined by Vim. |
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1790 |
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1791 The scope name by itself can be used as a |Dictionary|. For example, to |
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1792 delete all script-local variables: > |
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1793 :for k in keys(s:) |
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1794 : unlet s:[k] |
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1795 :endfor |
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1796 |
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1797 Note: in Vim9 script variables can also be local to a block of commands, see |
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1798 |vim9-scopes|. |
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1799 *buffer-variable* *b:var* *b:* |
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1800 A variable name that is preceded with "b:" is local to the current buffer. |
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1801 Thus you can have several "b:foo" variables, one for each buffer. |
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1802 This kind of variable is deleted when the buffer is wiped out or deleted with |
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1803 |:bdelete|. |
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1804 |
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1805 One local buffer variable is predefined: |
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1806 *b:changedtick* *changetick* |
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1807 b:changedtick The total number of changes to the current buffer. It is |
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1808 incremented for each change. An undo command is also a change |
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1809 in this case. Resetting 'modified' when writing the buffer is |
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1810 also counted. |
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1811 This can be used to perform an action only when the buffer has |
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1812 changed. Example: > |
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1813 :if my_changedtick != b:changedtick |
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1814 : let my_changedtick = b:changedtick |
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1815 : call My_Update() |
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1816 :endif |
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1817 < You cannot change or delete the b:changedtick variable. |
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1818 If you need more information about the change see |
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1819 |listener_add()|. |
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1820 |
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1821 *window-variable* *w:var* *w:* |
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1822 A variable name that is preceded with "w:" is local to the current window. It |
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1823 is deleted when the window is closed. |
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1824 |
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1825 *tabpage-variable* *t:var* *t:* |
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1826 A variable name that is preceded with "t:" is local to the current tab page, |
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1827 It is deleted when the tab page is closed. {not available when compiled |
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1828 without the |+windows| feature} |
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1829 |
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1830 *global-variable* *g:var* *g:* |
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1831 Inside functions and in |Vim9| script global variables are accessed with "g:". |
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1832 Omitting this will access a variable local to a function or script. "g:" |
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1833 can also be used in any other place if you like. |
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1834 |
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1835 *local-variable* *l:var* *l:* |
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1836 Inside functions local variables are accessed without prepending anything. |
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1837 But you can also prepend "l:" if you like. However, without prepending "l:" |
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1838 you may run into reserved variable names. For example "count". By itself it |
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1839 refers to "v:count". Using "l:count" you can have a local variable with the |
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1840 same name. |
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1841 |
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1842 *script-variable* *s:var* |
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1843 In a legacy Vim script variables starting with "s:" can be used. They cannot |
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1844 be accessed from outside of the scripts, thus are local to the script. |
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1845 In |Vim9| script the "s:" prefix can be omitted, variables are script-local by |
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1846 default. |
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1847 |
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1848 They can be used in: |
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1849 - commands executed while the script is sourced |
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1850 - functions defined in the script |
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1851 - autocommands defined in the script |
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1852 - functions and autocommands defined in functions and autocommands which were |
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1853 defined in the script (recursively) |
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1854 - user defined commands defined in the script |
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1855 Thus not in: |
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1856 - other scripts sourced from this one |
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1857 - mappings |
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1858 - menus |
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1859 - etc. |
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1860 |
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1861 Script variables can be used to avoid conflicts with global variable names. |
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1862 Take this example: > |
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1863 |
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1864 let s:counter = 0 |
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1865 function MyCounter() |
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1866 let s:counter = s:counter + 1 |
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1867 echo s:counter |
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1868 endfunction |
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1869 command Tick call MyCounter() |
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1870 |
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1871 You can now invoke "Tick" from any script, and the "s:counter" variable in |
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1872 that script will not be changed, only the "s:counter" in the script where |
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1873 "Tick" was defined is used. |
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1874 |
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1875 Another example that does the same: > |
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1876 |
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1877 let s:counter = 0 |
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1878 command Tick let s:counter = s:counter + 1 | echo s:counter |
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1879 |
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1880 When calling a function and invoking a user-defined command, the context for |
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1881 script variables is set to the script where the function or command was |
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1882 defined. |
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1883 |
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1884 The script variables are also available when a function is defined inside a |
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1885 function that is defined in a script. Example: > |
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1886 |
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1887 let s:counter = 0 |
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1888 function StartCounting(incr) |
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1889 if a:incr |
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1890 function MyCounter() |
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1891 let s:counter = s:counter + 1 |
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1892 endfunction |
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1893 else |
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1894 function MyCounter() |
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1895 let s:counter = s:counter - 1 |
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1896 endfunction |
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1897 endif |
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1898 endfunction |
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1899 |
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1900 This defines the MyCounter() function either for counting up or counting down |
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1901 when calling StartCounting(). It doesn't matter from where StartCounting() is |
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1902 called, the s:counter variable will be accessible in MyCounter(). |
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1903 |
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1904 When the same script is sourced again it will use the same script variables. |
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1905 They will remain valid as long as Vim is running. This can be used to |
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1906 maintain a counter: > |
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1907 |
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1908 if !exists("s:counter") |
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1909 let s:counter = 1 |
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1910 echo "script executed for the first time" |
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1911 else |
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1912 let s:counter = s:counter + 1 |
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1913 echo "script executed " .. s:counter .. " times now" |
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1914 endif |
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1915 |
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1916 Note that this means that filetype plugins don't get a different set of script |
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1917 variables for each buffer. Use local buffer variables instead |b:var|. |
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1918 |
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1919 |
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1920 PREDEFINED VIM VARIABLES *vim-variable* *v:var* *v:* |
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1921 *E963* *E1063* |
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1922 Some variables can be set by the user, but the type cannot be changed. |
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1923 |
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1924 *v:argv* *argv-variable* |
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1925 v:argv The command line arguments Vim was invoked with. This is a |
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1926 list of strings. The first item is the Vim command. |
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1927 See |v:progpath| for the command with full path. |
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1928 |
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1929 *v:beval_col* *beval_col-variable* |
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1930 v:beval_col The number of the column, over which the mouse pointer is. |
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1931 This is the byte index in the |v:beval_lnum| line. |
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1932 Only valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option. |
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1933 |
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1934 *v:beval_bufnr* *beval_bufnr-variable* |
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1935 v:beval_bufnr The number of the buffer, over which the mouse pointer is. Only |
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1936 valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option. |
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1937 |
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1938 *v:beval_lnum* *beval_lnum-variable* |
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1939 v:beval_lnum The number of the line, over which the mouse pointer is. Only |
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1940 valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option. |
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1941 |
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1942 *v:beval_text* *beval_text-variable* |
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1943 v:beval_text The text under or after the mouse pointer. Usually a word as |
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1944 it is useful for debugging a C program. 'iskeyword' applies, |
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1945 but a dot and "->" before the position is included. When on a |
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1946 ']' the text before it is used, including the matching '[' and |
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1947 word before it. When on a Visual area within one line the |
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1948 highlighted text is used. Also see |<cexpr>|. |
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1949 Only valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option. |
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1950 |
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1951 *v:beval_winnr* *beval_winnr-variable* |
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1952 v:beval_winnr The number of the window, over which the mouse pointer is. Only |
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1953 valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option. The first |
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1954 window has number zero (unlike most other places where a |
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1955 window gets a number). |
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1956 |
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1957 *v:beval_winid* *beval_winid-variable* |
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1958 v:beval_winid The |window-ID| of the window, over which the mouse pointer |
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1959 is. Otherwise like v:beval_winnr. |
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1960 |
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1961 *v:char* *char-variable* |
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1962 v:char Argument for evaluating 'formatexpr' and used for the typed |
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1963 character when using <expr> in an abbreviation |:map-<expr>|. |
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1964 It is also used by the |InsertCharPre| and |InsertEnter| events. |
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1965 |
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1966 *v:charconvert_from* *charconvert_from-variable* |
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1967 v:charconvert_from |
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1968 The name of the character encoding of a file to be converted. |
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1969 Only valid while evaluating the 'charconvert' option. |
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1970 |
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1971 *v:charconvert_to* *charconvert_to-variable* |
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1972 v:charconvert_to |
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1973 The name of the character encoding of a file after conversion. |
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1974 Only valid while evaluating the 'charconvert' option. |
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1975 |
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1976 *v:cmdarg* *cmdarg-variable* |
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1977 v:cmdarg This variable is used for two purposes: |
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1978 1. The extra arguments given to a file read/write command. |
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1979 Currently these are "++enc=" and "++ff=". This variable is |
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1980 set before an autocommand event for a file read/write |
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1981 command is triggered. There is a leading space to make it |
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1982 possible to append this variable directly after the |
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1983 read/write command. Note: The "+cmd" argument isn't |
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1984 included here, because it will be executed anyway. |
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1985 2. When printing a PostScript file with ":hardcopy" this is |
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1986 the argument for the ":hardcopy" command. This can be used |
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1987 in 'printexpr'. |
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1988 |
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1989 *v:cmdbang* *cmdbang-variable* |
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1990 v:cmdbang Set like v:cmdarg for a file read/write command. When a "!" |
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1991 was used the value is 1, otherwise it is 0. Note that this |
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1992 can only be used in autocommands. For user commands |<bang>| |
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1993 can be used. |
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1994 *v:collate* *collate-variable* |
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1995 v:collate The current locale setting for collation order of the runtime |
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1996 environment. This allows Vim scripts to be aware of the |
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1997 current locale encoding. Technical: it's the value of |
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1998 LC_COLLATE. When not using a locale the value is "C". |
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1999 This variable can not be set directly, use the |:language| |
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2000 command. |
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2001 See |multi-lang|. |
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2002 |
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2003 *v:colornames* |
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2004 v:colornames A dictionary that maps color names to hex color strings. These |
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2005 color names can be used with the |highlight-guifg|, |
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2006 |highlight-guibg|, and |highlight-guisp| parameters. Updating |
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2007 an entry in v:colornames has no immediate effect on the syntax |
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2008 highlighting. The highlight commands (probably in a |
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2009 colorscheme script) need to be re-evaluated in order to use |
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|
2010 the updated color values. For example: > |
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parents:
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diff
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|
2011 |
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|
2012 :let v:colornames['fuscia'] = '#cf3ab4' |
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2013 :let v:colornames['mauve'] = '#915f6d' |
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|
2014 :highlight Normal guifg=fuscia guibg=mauve |
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Fix line endings issue
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changeset
|
2015 < |
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|
2016 This cannot be used to override the |cterm-colors| but it can |
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changeset
|
2017 be used to override other colors. For example, the X11 colors |
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|
2018 defined in the `colors/lists/default.vim` (previously defined |
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Fix line endings issue
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|
2019 in |rgb.txt|). When defining new color names in a plugin, the |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2020 recommended practice is to set a color entry only when it does |
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diff
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|
2021 not already exist. For example: > |
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changeset
|
2022 |
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changeset
|
2023 :call extend(v:colornames, { |
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changeset
|
2024 \ 'fuscia': '#cf3ab4', |
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|
2025 \ 'mauve': '#915f6d, |
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diff
changeset
|
2026 \ }, 'keep') |
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changeset
|
2027 < |
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diff
changeset
|
2028 Using |extend()| with the 'keep' option updates each color only |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2029 if it did not exist in |v:colornames|. Doing so allows the |
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diff
changeset
|
2030 user to choose the precise color value for a common name |
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changeset
|
2031 by setting it in their |.vimrc|. |
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changeset
|
2032 |
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changeset
|
2033 It is possible to remove entries from this dictionary but |
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changeset
|
2034 doing so is NOT recommended, because it is disruptive to |
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changeset
|
2035 other scripts. It is also unlikely to achieve the desired |
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diff
changeset
|
2036 result because the |:colorscheme| and |:highlight| commands will |
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changeset
|
2037 both automatically load all `colors/lists/default.vim` color |
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|
2038 scripts. |
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changeset
|
2039 |
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changeset
|
2040 *v:completed_item* *completed_item-variable* |
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|
2041 v:completed_item |
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changeset
|
2042 |Dictionary| containing the |complete-items| for the most |
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changeset
|
2043 recently completed word after |CompleteDone|. The |
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changeset
|
2044 |Dictionary| is empty if the completion failed. |
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changeset
|
2045 Note: Plugins can modify the value to emulate the builtin |
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changeset
|
2046 |CompleteDone| event behavior. |
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|
2047 |
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changeset
|
2048 *v:count* *count-variable* |
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|
2049 v:count The count given for the last Normal mode command. Can be used |
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|
2050 to get the count before a mapping. Read-only. Example: > |
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|
2051 :map _x :<C-U>echo "the count is " .. v:count<CR> |
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|
2052 < Note: The <C-U> is required to remove the line range that you |
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changeset
|
2053 get when typing ':' after a count. |
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|
2054 When there are two counts, as in "3d2w", they are multiplied, |
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|
2055 just like what happens in the command, "d6w" for the example. |
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changeset
|
2056 Also used for evaluating the 'formatexpr' option. |
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changeset
|
2057 "count" also works, for backwards compatibility, unless |
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|
2058 |scriptversion| is 3 or higher. |
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|
2059 |
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changeset
|
2060 *v:count1* *count1-variable* |
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|
2061 v:count1 Just like "v:count", but defaults to one when no count is |
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|
2062 used. |
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|
2063 |
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|
2064 *v:ctype* *ctype-variable* |
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|
2065 v:ctype The current locale setting for characters of the runtime |
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|
2066 environment. This allows Vim scripts to be aware of the |
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|
2067 current locale encoding. Technical: it's the value of |
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|
2068 LC_CTYPE. When not using a locale the value is "C". |
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2069 This variable can not be set directly, use the |:language| |
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|
2070 command. |
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|
2071 See |multi-lang|. |
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|
2072 |
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|
2073 *v:dying* *dying-variable* |
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|
2074 v:dying Normally zero. When a deadly signal is caught it's set to |
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|
2075 one. When multiple signals are caught the number increases. |
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|
2076 Can be used in an autocommand to check if Vim didn't |
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|
2077 terminate normally. {only works on Unix} |
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|
2078 Example: > |
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2079 :au VimLeave * if v:dying | echo "\nAAAAaaaarrrggghhhh!!!\n" | endif |
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2080 < Note: if another deadly signal is caught when v:dying is one, |
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|
2081 VimLeave autocommands will not be executed. |
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|
2082 |
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|
2083 *v:exiting* *exiting-variable* |
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|
2084 v:exiting Vim exit code. Normally zero, non-zero when something went |
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|
2085 wrong. The value is v:null before invoking the |VimLeavePre| |
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|
2086 and |VimLeave| autocmds. See |:q|, |:x| and |:cquit|. |
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|
2087 Example: > |
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2088 :au VimLeave * echo "Exit value is " .. v:exiting |
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|
2089 < |
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|
2090 *v:echospace* *echospace-variable* |
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|
2091 v:echospace Number of screen cells that can be used for an `:echo` message |
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|
2092 in the last screen line before causing the |hit-enter-prompt|. |
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|
2093 Depends on 'showcmd', 'ruler' and 'columns'. You need to |
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changeset
|
2094 check 'cmdheight' for whether there are full-width lines |
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|
2095 available above the last line. |
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|
2096 |
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|
2097 *v:errmsg* *errmsg-variable* |
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|
2098 v:errmsg Last given error message. It's allowed to set this variable. |
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|
2099 Example: > |
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|
2100 :let v:errmsg = "" |
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|
2101 :silent! next |
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|
2102 :if v:errmsg != "" |
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|
2103 : ... handle error |
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|
2104 < "errmsg" also works, for backwards compatibility, unless |
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|
2105 |scriptversion| is 3 or higher. |
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|
2106 |
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|
2107 *v:errors* *errors-variable* *assert-return* |
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|
2108 v:errors Errors found by assert functions, such as |assert_true()|. |
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|
2109 This is a list of strings. |
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|
2110 The assert functions append an item when an assert fails. |
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|
2111 The return value indicates this: a one is returned if an item |
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|
2112 was added to v:errors, otherwise zero is returned. |
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|
2113 To remove old results make it empty: > |
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|
2114 :let v:errors = [] |
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|
2115 < If v:errors is set to anything but a list it is made an empty |
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|
2116 list by the assert function. |
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|
2117 |
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|
2118 *v:event* *event-variable* |
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2119 v:event Dictionary containing information about the current |
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|
2120 |autocommand|. See the specific event for what it puts in |
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|
2121 this dictionary. |
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|
2122 The dictionary is emptied when the |autocommand| finishes, |
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|
2123 please refer to |dict-identity| for how to get an independent |
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|
2124 copy of it. Use |deepcopy()| if you want to keep the |
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|
2125 information after the event triggers. Example: > |
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|
2126 au TextYankPost * let g:foo = deepcopy(v:event) |
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|
2127 < |
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|
2128 *v:exception* *exception-variable* |
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|
2129 v:exception The value of the exception most recently caught and not |
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|
2130 finished. See also |v:throwpoint| and |throw-variables|. |
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|
2131 Example: > |
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|
2132 :try |
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|
2133 : throw "oops" |
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|
2134 :catch /.*/ |
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|
2135 : echo "caught " .. v:exception |
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|
2136 :endtry |
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|
2137 < Output: "caught oops". |
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|
2138 |
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|
2139 *v:false* *false-variable* |
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|
2140 v:false A Number with value zero. Used to put "false" in JSON. See |
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|
2141 |json_encode()|. |
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2142 When used as a string this evaluates to "v:false". > |
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|
2143 echo v:false |
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|
2144 < v:false ~ |
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2145 That is so that eval() can parse the string back to the same |
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|
2146 value. Read-only. |
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|
2147 In |Vim9| script "false" can be used which has a boolean type. |
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|
2148 |
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|
2149 *v:fcs_reason* *fcs_reason-variable* |
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|
2150 v:fcs_reason The reason why the |FileChangedShell| event was triggered. |
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|
2151 Can be used in an autocommand to decide what to do and/or what |
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|
2152 to set v:fcs_choice to. Possible values: |
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|
2153 deleted file no longer exists |
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diff
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|
2154 conflict file contents, mode or timestamp was |
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|
2155 changed and buffer is modified |
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|
2156 changed file contents has changed |
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|
2157 mode mode of file changed |
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|
2158 time only file timestamp changed |
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|
2159 |
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|
2160 *v:fcs_choice* *fcs_choice-variable* |
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|
2161 v:fcs_choice What should happen after a |FileChangedShell| event was |
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|
2162 triggered. Can be used in an autocommand to tell Vim what to |
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|
2163 do with the affected buffer: |
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diff
changeset
|
2164 reload Reload the buffer (does not work if |
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diff
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|
2165 the file was deleted). |
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changeset
|
2166 edit Reload the buffer and detect the |
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|
2167 values for options such as |
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|
2168 'fileformat', 'fileencoding', 'binary' |
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|
2169 (does not work if the file was |
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|
2170 deleted). |
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|
2171 ask Ask the user what to do, as if there |
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|
2172 was no autocommand. Except that when |
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|
2173 only the timestamp changed nothing |
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|
2174 will happen. |
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|
2175 <empty> Nothing, the autocommand should do |
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|
2176 everything that needs to be done. |
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|
2177 The default is empty. If another (invalid) value is used then |
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|
2178 Vim behaves like it is empty, there is no warning message. |
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|
2179 |
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|
2180 *v:fname* *fname-variable* |
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|
2181 v:fname When evaluating 'includeexpr': the file name that was |
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|
2182 detected. Empty otherwise. |
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changeset
|
2183 |
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|
2184 *v:fname_in* *fname_in-variable* |
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2185 v:fname_in The name of the input file. Valid while evaluating: |
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2186 option used for ~ |
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|
2187 'charconvert' file to be converted |
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2188 'diffexpr' original file |
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|
2189 'patchexpr' original file |
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|
2190 'printexpr' file to be printed |
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|
2191 And set to the swap file name for |SwapExists|. |
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2192 |
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|
2193 *v:fname_out* *fname_out-variable* |
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2194 v:fname_out The name of the output file. Only valid while |
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2195 evaluating: |
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2196 option used for ~ |
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|
2197 'charconvert' resulting converted file (*) |
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|
2198 'diffexpr' output of diff |
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|
2199 'patchexpr' resulting patched file |
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2200 (*) When doing conversion for a write command (e.g., ":w |
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2201 file") it will be equal to v:fname_in. When doing conversion |
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2202 for a read command (e.g., ":e file") it will be a temporary |
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2203 file and different from v:fname_in. |
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|
2204 |
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2205 *v:fname_new* *fname_new-variable* |
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2206 v:fname_new The name of the new version of the file. Only valid while |
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|
2207 evaluating 'diffexpr'. |
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|
2208 |
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2209 *v:fname_diff* *fname_diff-variable* |
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|
2210 v:fname_diff The name of the diff (patch) file. Only valid while |
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|
2211 evaluating 'patchexpr'. |
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|
2212 |
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2213 *v:folddashes* *folddashes-variable* |
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|
2214 v:folddashes Used for 'foldtext': dashes representing foldlevel of a closed |
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|
2215 fold. |
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|
2216 Read-only in the |sandbox|. |fold-foldtext| |
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2217 |
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|
2218 *v:foldlevel* *foldlevel-variable* |
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|
2219 v:foldlevel Used for 'foldtext': foldlevel of closed fold. |
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2220 Read-only in the |sandbox|. |fold-foldtext| |
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2221 |
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2222 *v:foldend* *foldend-variable* |
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2223 v:foldend Used for 'foldtext': last line of closed fold. |
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2224 Read-only in the |sandbox|. |fold-foldtext| |
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|
2225 |
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2226 *v:foldstart* *foldstart-variable* |
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2227 v:foldstart Used for 'foldtext': first line of closed fold. |
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2228 Read-only in the |sandbox|. |fold-foldtext| |
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|
2229 |
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2230 *v:hlsearch* *hlsearch-variable* |
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|
2231 v:hlsearch Variable that indicates whether search highlighting is on. |
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|
2232 Setting it makes sense only if 'hlsearch' is enabled which |
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|
2233 requires |+extra_search|. Setting this variable to zero acts |
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|
2234 like the |:nohlsearch| command, setting it to one acts like > |
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|
2235 let &hlsearch = &hlsearch |
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|
2236 < Note that the value is restored when returning from a |
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|
2237 function. |function-search-undo|. |
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|
2238 |
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|
2239 *v:insertmode* *insertmode-variable* |
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|
2240 v:insertmode Used for the |InsertEnter| and |InsertChange| autocommand |
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|
2241 events. Values: |
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|
2242 i Insert mode |
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|
2243 r Replace mode |
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|
2244 v Virtual Replace mode |
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|
2245 |
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|
2246 *v:key* *key-variable* |
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2247 v:key Key of the current item of a |Dictionary|. Only valid while |
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2248 evaluating the expression used with |map()| and |filter()|. |
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|
2249 Read-only. |
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|
2250 |
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|
2251 *v:lang* *lang-variable* |
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2252 v:lang The current locale setting for messages of the runtime |
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|
2253 environment. This allows Vim scripts to be aware of the |
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2254 current language. Technical: it's the value of LC_MESSAGES. |
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2255 The value is system dependent. |
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2256 This variable can not be set directly, use the |:language| |
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|
2257 command. |
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2258 It can be different from |v:ctype| when messages are desired |
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2259 in a different language than what is used for character |
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2260 encoding. See |multi-lang|. |
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2261 |
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|
2262 *v:lc_time* *lc_time-variable* |
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|
2263 v:lc_time The current locale setting for time messages of the runtime |
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2264 environment. This allows Vim scripts to be aware of the |
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2265 current language. Technical: it's the value of LC_TIME. |
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2266 This variable can not be set directly, use the |:language| |
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2267 command. See |multi-lang|. |
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2268 |
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2269 *v:lnum* *lnum-variable* |
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2270 v:lnum Line number for the 'foldexpr' |fold-expr|, 'formatexpr' and |
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2271 'indentexpr' expressions, tab page number for 'guitablabel' |
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|
2272 and 'guitabtooltip'. Only valid while one of these |
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|
2273 expressions is being evaluated. Read-only when in the |
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2274 |sandbox|. |
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2275 |
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|
2276 *v:maxcol* *maxcol-variable* |
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2277 v:maxcol Maximum line length. Depending on where it is used it can be |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
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|
2278 screen columns, characters or bytes. The value currently is |
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|
2279 2147483647 on all systems. |
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|
2280 |
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|
2281 *v:mouse_win* *mouse_win-variable* |
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|
2282 v:mouse_win Window number for a mouse click obtained with |getchar()|. |
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Fix line endings issue
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|
2283 First window has number 1, like with |winnr()|. The value is |
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|
2284 zero when there was no mouse button click. |
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|
2285 |
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|
2286 *v:mouse_winid* *mouse_winid-variable* |
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|
2287 v:mouse_winid Window ID for a mouse click obtained with |getchar()|. |
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|
2288 The value is zero when there was no mouse button click. |
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|
2289 |
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|
2290 *v:mouse_lnum* *mouse_lnum-variable* |
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|
2291 v:mouse_lnum Line number for a mouse click obtained with |getchar()|. |
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Fix line endings issue
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|
2292 This is the text line number, not the screen line number. The |
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diff
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|
2293 value is zero when there was no mouse button click. |
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|
2294 |
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|
2295 *v:mouse_col* *mouse_col-variable* |
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changeset
|
2296 v:mouse_col Column number for a mouse click obtained with |getchar()|. |
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|
2297 This is the screen column number, like with |virtcol()|. The |
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|
2298 value is zero when there was no mouse button click. |
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|
2299 |
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|
2300 *v:none* *none-variable* *None* |
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|
2301 v:none An empty String. Used to put an empty item in JSON. See |
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Fix line endings issue
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|
2302 |json_encode()|. |
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|
2303 This can also be used as a function argument to use the |
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|
2304 default value, see |none-function_argument|. |
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|
2305 When used as a number this evaluates to zero. |
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2306 When used as a string this evaluates to "v:none". > |
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|
2307 echo v:none |
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|
2308 < v:none ~ |
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|
2309 That is so that eval() can parse the string back to the same |
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|
2310 value. Read-only. |
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2311 Note that using `== v:none` and `!= v:none` will often give |
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2312 an error. Instead, use `is v:none` and `isnot v:none` . |
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|
2313 |
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2314 *v:null* *null-variable* |
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2315 v:null An empty String. Used to put "null" in JSON. See |
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changeset
|
2316 |json_encode()|. |
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|
2317 When used as a number this evaluates to zero. |
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|
2318 When used as a string this evaluates to "v:null". > |
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|
2319 echo v:null |
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|
2320 < v:null ~ |
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|
2321 That is so that eval() can parse the string back to the same |
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|
2322 value. Read-only. |
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|
2323 In |Vim9| script `null` can be used without "v:". |
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|
2324 In some places `v:null` and `null` can be used for a List, |
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|
2325 Dict, Job, etc. that is not set. That is slightly different |
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|
2326 than an empty List, Dict, etc. |
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|
2327 |
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|
2328 *v:numbermax* *numbermax-variable* |
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|
2329 v:numbermax Maximum value of a number. |
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|
2330 |
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|
2331 *v:numbermin* *numbermin-variable* |
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|
2332 v:numbermin Minimum value of a number (negative). |
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|
2333 |
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|
2334 *v:numbersize* *numbersize-variable* |
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|
2335 v:numbersize Number of bits in a Number. This is normally 64, but on some |
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2336 systems it may be 32. |
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|
2337 |
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|
2338 *v:oldfiles* *oldfiles-variable* |
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|
2339 v:oldfiles List of file names that is loaded from the |viminfo| file on |
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|
2340 startup. These are the files that Vim remembers marks for. |
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|
2341 The length of the List is limited by the ' argument of the |
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|
2342 'viminfo' option (default is 100). |
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|
2343 When the |viminfo| file is not used the List is empty. |
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|
2344 Also see |:oldfiles| and |c_#<|. |
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|
2345 The List can be modified, but this has no effect on what is |
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|
2346 stored in the |viminfo| file later. If you use values other |
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Fix line endings issue
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changeset
|
2347 than String this will cause trouble. |
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changeset
|
2348 {only when compiled with the |+viminfo| feature} |
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|
2349 |
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|
2350 *v:option_new* |
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|
2351 v:option_new New value of the option. Valid while executing an |OptionSet| |
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changeset
|
2352 autocommand. |
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|
2353 *v:option_old* |
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|
2354 v:option_old Old value of the option. Valid while executing an |OptionSet| |
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changeset
|
2355 autocommand. Depending on the command used for setting and the |
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|
2356 kind of option this is either the local old value or the |
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diff
changeset
|
2357 global old value. |
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changeset
|
2358 *v:option_oldlocal* |
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changeset
|
2359 v:option_oldlocal |
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changeset
|
2360 Old local value of the option. Valid while executing an |
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changeset
|
2361 |OptionSet| autocommand. |
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changeset
|
2362 *v:option_oldglobal* |
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changeset
|
2363 v:option_oldglobal |
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|
2364 Old global value of the option. Valid while executing an |
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changeset
|
2365 |OptionSet| autocommand. |
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changeset
|
2366 *v:option_type* |
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|
2367 v:option_type Scope of the set command. Valid while executing an |
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Fix line endings issue
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|
2368 |OptionSet| autocommand. Can be either "global" or "local" |
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changeset
|
2369 *v:option_command* |
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changeset
|
2370 v:option_command |
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changeset
|
2371 Command used to set the option. Valid while executing an |
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changeset
|
2372 |OptionSet| autocommand. |
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changeset
|
2373 value option was set via ~ |
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|
2374 "setlocal" |:setlocal| or ":let l:xxx" |
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|
2375 "setglobal" |:setglobal| or ":let g:xxx" |
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|
2376 "set" |:set| or |:let| |
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|
2377 "modeline" |modeline| |
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|
2378 *v:operator* *operator-variable* |
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|
2379 v:operator The last operator given in Normal mode. This is a single |
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|
2380 character except for commands starting with <g> or <z>, |
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|
2381 in which case it is two characters. Best used alongside |
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|
2382 |v:prevcount| and |v:register|. Useful if you want to cancel |
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2383 Operator-pending mode and then use the operator, e.g.: > |
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|
2384 :omap O <Esc>:call MyMotion(v:operator)<CR> |
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|
2385 < The value remains set until another operator is entered, thus |
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|
2386 don't expect it to be empty. |
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|
2387 v:operator is not set for |:delete|, |:yank| or other Ex |
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|
2388 commands. |
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|
2389 Read-only. |
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|
2390 |
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|
2391 *v:prevcount* *prevcount-variable* |
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|
2392 v:prevcount The count given for the last but one Normal mode command. |
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|
2393 This is the v:count value of the previous command. Useful if |
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|
2394 you want to cancel Visual or Operator-pending mode and then |
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|
2395 use the count, e.g.: > |
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|
2396 :vmap % <Esc>:call MyFilter(v:prevcount)<CR> |
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|
2397 < Read-only. |
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2398 |
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|
2399 *v:profiling* *profiling-variable* |
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|
2400 v:profiling Normally zero. Set to one after using ":profile start". |
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|
2401 See |profiling|. |
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2402 |
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|
2403 *v:progname* *progname-variable* |
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|
2404 v:progname Contains the name (with path removed) with which Vim was |
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2405 invoked. Allows you to do special initialisations for |view|, |
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|
2406 |evim| etc., or any other name you might symlink to Vim. |
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2407 Read-only. |
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2408 |
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diff
changeset
|
2409 *v:progpath* *progpath-variable* |
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diff
changeset
|
2410 v:progpath Contains the command with which Vim was invoked, in a form |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2411 that when passed to the shell will run the same Vim executable |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2412 as the current one (if $PATH remains unchanged). |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2413 Useful if you want to message a Vim server using a |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2414 |--remote-expr|. |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2415 To get the full path use: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2416 echo exepath(v:progpath) |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2417 < If the command has a relative path it will be expanded to the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2418 full path, so that it still works after `:cd`. Thus starting |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2419 "./vim" results in "/home/user/path/to/vim/src/vim". |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2420 On Linux and other systems it will always be the full path. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2421 On Mac it may just be "vim" and using exepath() as mentioned |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2422 above should be used to get the full path. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2423 On MS-Windows the executable may be called "vim.exe", but the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2424 ".exe" is not added to v:progpath. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2425 Read-only. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2426 |
32936
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patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2427 *v:python3_version* *python3-version-variable* |
c517845bd10e
patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2428 v:python3_version |
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patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2429 Version of Python 3 that Vim was built against. When |
c517845bd10e
patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32670
diff
changeset
|
2430 Python is loaded dynamically (|python-dynamic|), this version |
c517845bd10e
patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32670
diff
changeset
|
2431 should exactly match the Python library up to the minor |
c517845bd10e
patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32670
diff
changeset
|
2432 version (e.g. 3.10.2 and 3.10.3 are compatible as the minor |
c517845bd10e
patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32670
diff
changeset
|
2433 version is "10", whereas 3.9.4 and 3.10.3 are not compatible). |
c517845bd10e
patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2434 When |python-stable-abi| is used, this will be the minimum Python |
c517845bd10e
patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32670
diff
changeset
|
2435 version that you can use instead. (e.g. if v:python3_version |
c517845bd10e
patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2436 indicates 3.9, you can use 3.9, 3.10, or anything above). |
c517845bd10e
patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
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diff
changeset
|
2437 |
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patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
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diff
changeset
|
2438 This number is encoded as a hex number following Python ABI |
c517845bd10e
patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2439 versioning conventions. Do the following to have a |
c517845bd10e
patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2440 human-readable full version in hex: > |
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patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2441 echo printf("%08X", v:python3_version) |
c517845bd10e
patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2442 < You can obtain only the minor version by doing: > |
c517845bd10e
patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2443 echo and(v:python3_version>>16,0xff) |
c517845bd10e
patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2444 < Read-only. |
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patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2445 |
32670
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2446 *v:register* *register-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2447 v:register The name of the register in effect for the current normal mode |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2448 command (regardless of whether that command actually used a |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2449 register). Or for the currently executing normal mode mapping |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2450 (use this in custom commands that take a register). |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2451 If none is supplied it is the default register '"', unless |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2452 'clipboard' contains "unnamed" or "unnamedplus", then it is |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2453 '*' or '+'. |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2454 Also see |getreg()| and |setreg()| |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2455 |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2456 *v:scrollstart* *scrollstart-variable* |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2457 v:scrollstart String describing the script or function that caused the |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2458 screen to scroll up. It's only set when it is empty, thus the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2459 first reason is remembered. It is set to "Unknown" for a |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2460 typed command. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2461 This can be used to find out why your script causes the |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2462 hit-enter prompt. |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2463 |
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diff
changeset
|
2464 *v:servername* *servername-variable* |
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diff
changeset
|
2465 v:servername The resulting registered |client-server-name| if any. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2466 Read-only. |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2467 |
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diff
changeset
|
2468 |
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diff
changeset
|
2469 v:searchforward *v:searchforward* *searchforward-variable* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2470 Search direction: 1 after a forward search, 0 after a |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2471 backward search. It is reset to forward when directly setting |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2472 the last search pattern, see |quote/|. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2473 Note that the value is restored when returning from a |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2474 function. |function-search-undo|. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2475 Read-write. |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2476 |
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diff
changeset
|
2477 *v:shell_error* *shell_error-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2478 v:shell_error Result of the last shell command. When non-zero, the last |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2479 shell command had an error. When zero, there was no problem. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2480 This only works when the shell returns the error code to Vim. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2481 The value -1 is often used when the command could not be |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2482 executed. Read-only. |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2483 Example: > |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2484 :!mv foo bar |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2485 :if v:shell_error |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2486 : echo 'could not rename "foo" to "bar"!' |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2487 :endif |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2488 < "shell_error" also works, for backwards compatibility, unless |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2489 |scriptversion| is 3 or higher. |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2490 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2491 *v:sizeofint* *sizeofint-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2492 v:sizeofint Number of bytes in an int. Depends on how Vim was compiled. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2493 This is only useful for deciding whether a test will give the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2494 expected result. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2495 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2496 *v:sizeoflong* *sizeoflong-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2497 v:sizeoflong Number of bytes in a long. Depends on how Vim was compiled. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2498 This is only useful for deciding whether a test will give the |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2499 expected result. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2500 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2501 *v:sizeofpointer* *sizeofpointer-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2502 v:sizeofpointer Number of bytes in a pointer. Depends on how Vim was compiled. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2503 This is only useful for deciding whether a test will give the |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2504 expected result. |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2505 |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2506 *v:statusmsg* *statusmsg-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2507 v:statusmsg Last given status message. It's allowed to set this variable. |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2508 |
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diff
changeset
|
2509 *v:swapname* *swapname-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2510 v:swapname Only valid when executing |SwapExists| autocommands: Name of |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2511 the swap file found. Read-only. |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2512 |
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diff
changeset
|
2513 *v:swapchoice* *swapchoice-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2514 v:swapchoice |SwapExists| autocommands can set this to the selected choice |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2515 for handling an existing swap file: |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2516 'o' Open read-only |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2517 'e' Edit anyway |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2518 'r' Recover |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2519 'd' Delete swapfile |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2520 'q' Quit |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2521 'a' Abort |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2522 The value should be a single-character string. An empty value |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2523 results in the user being asked, as would happen when there is |
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diff
changeset
|
2524 no SwapExists autocommand. The default is empty. |
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diff
changeset
|
2525 |
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diff
changeset
|
2526 *v:swapcommand* *swapcommand-variable* |
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diff
changeset
|
2527 v:swapcommand Normal mode command to be executed after a file has been |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2528 opened. Can be used for a |SwapExists| autocommand to have |
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diff
changeset
|
2529 another Vim open the file and jump to the right place. For |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2530 example, when jumping to a tag the value is ":tag tagname\r". |
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Fix line endings issue
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changeset
|
2531 For ":edit +cmd file" the value is ":cmd\r". |
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Fix line endings issue
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changeset
|
2532 |
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changeset
|
2533 *v:t_TYPE* *v:t_bool* *t_bool-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
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changeset
|
2534 v:t_bool Value of |Boolean| type. Read-only. See: |type()| |
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Fix line endings issue
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changeset
|
2535 *v:t_channel* *t_channel-variable* |
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changeset
|
2536 v:t_channel Value of |Channel| type. Read-only. See: |type()| |
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changeset
|
2537 *v:t_dict* *t_dict-variable* |
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diff
changeset
|
2538 v:t_dict Value of |Dictionary| type. Read-only. See: |type()| |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2539 *v:t_float* *t_float-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2540 v:t_float Value of |Float| type. Read-only. See: |type()| |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2541 *v:t_func* *t_func-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2542 v:t_func Value of |Funcref| type. Read-only. See: |type()| |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2543 *v:t_job* *t_job-variable* |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2544 v:t_job Value of |Job| type. Read-only. See: |type()| |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2545 *v:t_list* *t_list-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2546 v:t_list Value of |List| type. Read-only. See: |type()| |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2547 *v:t_none* *t_none-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2548 v:t_none Value of |None| type. Read-only. See: |type()| |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2549 *v:t_number* *t_number-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2550 v:t_number Value of |Number| type. Read-only. See: |type()| |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2551 *v:t_string* *t_string-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2552 v:t_string Value of |String| type. Read-only. See: |type()| |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2553 *v:t_blob* *t_blob-variable* |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2554 v:t_blob Value of |Blob| type. Read-only. See: |type()| |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2555 *v:t_class* *t_class-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2556 v:t_class Value of |class| type. Read-only. See: |type()| |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2557 *v:t_object* *t_object-variable* |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2558 v:t_object Value of |object| type. Read-only. See: |type()| |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2559 |
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diff
changeset
|
2560 *v:termresponse* *termresponse-variable* |
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diff
changeset
|
2561 v:termresponse The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the |t_RV| |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2562 termcap entry. It is set when Vim receives an escape sequence |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2563 that starts with ESC [ or CSI, then '>' or '?' and ends in a |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2564 'c', with only digits and ';' in between. |
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diff
changeset
|
2565 When this option is set, the TermResponse autocommand event is |
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diff
changeset
|
2566 fired, so that you can react to the response from the |
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diff
changeset
|
2567 terminal. You can use |terminalprops()| to see what Vim |
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diff
changeset
|
2568 figured out about the terminal. |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2569 The response from a new xterm is: "<Esc>[> Pp ; Pv ; Pc c". Pp |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2570 is the terminal type: 0 for vt100 and 1 for vt220. Pv is the |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2571 patch level (since this was introduced in patch 95, it's |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2572 always 95 or higher). Pc is always zero. |
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diff
changeset
|
2573 If Pv is 141 or higher then Vim will try to request terminal |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2574 codes. This only works with xterm |xterm-codes|. |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2575 {only when compiled with |+termresponse| feature} |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2576 |
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diff
changeset
|
2577 *v:termblinkresp* |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2578 v:termblinkresp The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the |t_RC| |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2579 termcap entry. This is used to find out whether the terminal |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2580 cursor is blinking. This is used by |term_getcursor()|. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2581 |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2582 *v:termstyleresp* |
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diff
changeset
|
2583 v:termstyleresp The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the |t_RS| |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2584 termcap entry. This is used to find out what the shape of the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2585 cursor is. This is used by |term_getcursor()|. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2586 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2587 *v:termrbgresp* |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2588 v:termrbgresp The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the |t_RB| |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2589 termcap entry. This is used to find out what the terminal |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2590 background color is, see 'background'. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2591 |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2592 *v:termrfgresp* |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2593 v:termrfgresp The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the |t_RF| |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2594 termcap entry. This is used to find out what the terminal |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2595 foreground color is. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2596 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2597 *v:termu7resp* |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2598 v:termu7resp The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the |t_u7| |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2599 termcap entry. This is used to find out what the terminal |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2600 does with ambiguous width characters, see 'ambiwidth'. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2601 |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2602 *v:testing* *testing-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2603 v:testing Must be set before using `test_garbagecollect_now()`. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2604 Also, when set certain error messages won't be shown for 2 |
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diff
changeset
|
2605 seconds. (e.g. "'dictionary' option is empty") |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2606 |
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changeset
|
2607 *v:this_session* *this_session-variable* |
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Fix line endings issue
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changeset
|
2608 v:this_session Full filename of the last loaded or saved session file. See |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2609 |:mksession|. It is allowed to set this variable. When no |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2610 session file has been saved, this variable is empty. |
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changeset
|
2611 "this_session" also works, for backwards compatibility, unless |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2612 |scriptversion| is 3 or higher |
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changeset
|
2613 |
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diff
changeset
|
2614 *v:throwpoint* *throwpoint-variable* |
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diff
changeset
|
2615 v:throwpoint The point where the exception most recently caught and not |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2616 finished was thrown. Not set when commands are typed. See |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2617 also |v:exception| and |throw-variables|. |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2618 Example: > |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2619 :try |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2620 : throw "oops" |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2621 :catch /.*/ |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2622 : echo "Exception from" v:throwpoint |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2623 :endtry |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2624 < Output: "Exception from test.vim, line 2" |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2625 |
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changeset
|
2626 *v:true* *true-variable* |
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diff
changeset
|
2627 v:true A Number with value one. Used to put "true" in JSON. See |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2628 |json_encode()|. |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2629 When used as a string this evaluates to "v:true". > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2630 echo v:true |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2631 < v:true ~ |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2632 That is so that eval() can parse the string back to the same |
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Fix line endings issue
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changeset
|
2633 value. Read-only. |
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Fix line endings issue
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changeset
|
2634 In |Vim9| script "true" can be used which has a boolean type. |
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changeset
|
2635 *v:val* *val-variable* |
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|
2636 v:val Value of the current item of a |List| or |Dictionary|. Only |
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changeset
|
2637 valid while evaluating the expression used with |map()| and |
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changeset
|
2638 |filter()|. Read-only. |
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changeset
|
2639 |
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changeset
|
2640 *v:version* *version-variable* |
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|
2641 v:version Version number of Vim: Major version number times 100 plus |
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Fix line endings issue
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|
2642 minor version number. Version 5.0 is 500. Version 5.1 |
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|
2643 is 501. Read-only. "version" also works, for backwards |
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changeset
|
2644 compatibility, unless |scriptversion| is 3 or higher. |
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|
2645 Use |has()| to check if a certain patch was included, e.g.: > |
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changeset
|
2646 if has("patch-7.4.123") |
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|
2647 < Note that patch numbers are specific to the version, thus both |
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|
2648 version 5.0 and 5.1 may have a patch 123, but these are |
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|
2649 completely different. |
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|
2650 |
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|
2651 *v:versionlong* *versionlong-variable* |
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|
2652 v:versionlong Like v:version, but also including the patchlevel in the last |
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|
2653 four digits. Version 8.1 with patch 123 has value 8010123. |
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changeset
|
2654 This can be used like this: > |
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|
2655 if v:versionlong >= 8010123 |
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|
2656 < However, if there are gaps in the list of patches included |
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changeset
|
2657 this will not work well. This can happen if a recent patch |
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changeset
|
2658 was included into an older version, e.g. for a security fix. |
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changeset
|
2659 Use the has() function to make sure the patch is actually |
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|
2660 included. |
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|
2661 |
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|
2662 *v:vim_did_enter* *vim_did_enter-variable* |
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changeset
|
2663 v:vim_did_enter Zero until most of startup is done. It is set to one just |
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changeset
|
2664 before |VimEnter| autocommands are triggered. |
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changeset
|
2665 |
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changeset
|
2666 *v:warningmsg* *warningmsg-variable* |
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2667 v:warningmsg Last given warning message. It's allowed to set this variable. |
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2668 |
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|
2669 *v:windowid* *windowid-variable* |
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|
2670 v:windowid When any X11 based GUI is running or when running in a |
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|
2671 terminal and Vim connects to the X server (|-X|) this will be |
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2672 set to the window ID. |
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2673 When an MS-Windows GUI is running this will be set to the |
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2674 window handle. |
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2675 Otherwise the value is zero. |
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2676 Note: for windows inside Vim use |winnr()| or |win_getid()|, |
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2677 see |window-ID|. |
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2678 |
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|
2679 ============================================================================== |
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|
2680 4. Builtin Functions *functions* |
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2681 |
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2682 See |function-list| for a list grouped by what the function is used for. |
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2683 |
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2684 The alphabetic list of all builtin functions and details are in a separate |
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2685 help file: |builtin-functions|. |
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2686 |
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|
2687 ============================================================================== |
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|
2688 5. Defining functions *user-functions* |
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2689 |
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2690 New functions can be defined. These can be called just like builtin |
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2691 functions. The function takes arguments, executes a sequence of Ex commands |
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2692 and can return a value. |
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2693 |
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2694 You can find most information about defining functions in |userfunc.txt|. |
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2695 For Vim9 functions, which execute much faster, support type checking and more, |
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2696 see |vim9.txt|. |
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2697 |
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|
2698 ============================================================================== |
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2699 6. Curly braces names *curly-braces-names* |
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2700 |
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2701 In most places where you can use a variable, you can use a "curly braces name" |
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2702 variable. This is a regular variable name with one or more expressions |
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2703 wrapped in braces {} like this: > |
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2704 my_{adjective}_variable |
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2705 |
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2706 This only works in legacy Vim script, not in |Vim9| script. |
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2707 |
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2708 When Vim encounters this, it evaluates the expression inside the braces, puts |
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2709 that in place of the expression, and re-interprets the whole as a variable |
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2710 name. So in the above example, if the variable "adjective" was set to |
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2711 "noisy", then the reference would be to "my_noisy_variable", whereas if |
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2712 "adjective" was set to "quiet", then it would be to "my_quiet_variable". |
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|
2713 |
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2714 One application for this is to create a set of variables governed by an option |
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|
2715 value. For example, the statement > |
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|
2716 echo my_{&background}_message |
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|
2717 |
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2718 would output the contents of "my_dark_message" or "my_light_message" depending |
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|
2719 on the current value of 'background'. |
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|
2720 |
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|
2721 You can use multiple brace pairs: > |
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|
2722 echo my_{adverb}_{adjective}_message |
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2723 ..or even nest them: > |
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2724 echo my_{ad{end_of_word}}_message |
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|
2725 where "end_of_word" is either "verb" or "jective". |
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|
2726 |
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2727 However, the expression inside the braces must evaluate to a valid single |
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|
2728 variable name, e.g. this is invalid: > |
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|
2729 :let foo='a + b' |
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2730 :echo c{foo}d |
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2731 .. since the result of expansion is "ca + bd", which is not a variable name. |
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|
2732 |
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|
2733 *curly-braces-function-names* |
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2734 You can call and define functions by an evaluated name in a similar way. |
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|
2735 Example: > |
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|
2736 :let func_end='whizz' |
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|
2737 :call my_func_{func_end}(parameter) |
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|
2738 |
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|
2739 This would call the function "my_func_whizz(parameter)". |
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|
2740 |
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|
2741 This does NOT work: > |
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|
2742 :let i = 3 |
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|
2743 :let @{i} = '' " error |
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|
2744 :echo @{i} " error |
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|
2745 |
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|
2746 ============================================================================== |
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|
2747 7. Commands *expression-commands* |
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|
2748 |
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|
2749 Note: in |Vim9| script `:let` is not used. `:var` is used for variable |
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|
2750 declarations and assignments do not use a command. |vim9-declaration| |
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|
2751 |
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|
2752 :let {var-name} = {expr1} *:let* *E18* |
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|
2753 Set internal variable {var-name} to the result of the |
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|
2754 expression {expr1}. The variable will get the type |
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|
2755 from the {expr}. If {var-name} didn't exist yet, it |
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|
2756 is created. |
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|
2757 |
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|
2758 :let {var-name}[{idx}] = {expr1} *E689* *E1141* |
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|
2759 Set a list item to the result of the expression |
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|
2760 {expr1}. {var-name} must refer to a list and {idx} |
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|
2761 must be a valid index in that list. For nested list |
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|
2762 the index can be repeated. |
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|
2763 This cannot be used to add an item to a |List|. |
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changeset
|
2764 This cannot be used to set a byte in a String. You |
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|
2765 can do that like this: > |
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|
2766 :let var = var[0:2] .. 'X' .. var[4:] |
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|
2767 < When {var-name} is a |Blob| then {idx} can be the |
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|
2768 length of the blob, in which case one byte is |
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|
2769 appended. |
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|
2770 |
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|
2771 *E711* *E719* *E1165* *E1166* *E1183* |
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2772 :let {var-name}[{idx1}:{idx2}] = {expr1} *E708* *E709* *E710* |
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2773 Set a sequence of items in a |List| to the result of |
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|
2774 the expression {expr1}, which must be a list with the |
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|
2775 correct number of items. |
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|
2776 {idx1} can be omitted, zero is used instead. |
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|
2777 {idx2} can be omitted, meaning the end of the list. |
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|
2778 When the selected range of items is partly past the |
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2779 end of the list, items will be added. |
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|
2780 |
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|
2781 *:let+=* *:let-=* *:letstar=* *:let/=* *:let%=* |
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2782 *:let.=* *:let..=* *E734* *E985* *E1019* |
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2783 :let {var} += {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} + {expr1}". |
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2784 :let {var} -= {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} - {expr1}". |
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2785 :let {var} *= {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} * {expr1}". |
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2786 :let {var} /= {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} / {expr1}". |
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2787 :let {var} %= {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} % {expr1}". |
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2788 :let {var} .= {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} . {expr1}". |
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2789 :let {var} ..= {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} .. {expr1}". |
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2790 These fail if {var} was not set yet and when the type |
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2791 of {var} and {expr1} don't fit the operator. |
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|
2792 `.=` is not supported with Vim script version 2 and |
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|
2793 later, see |vimscript-version|. |
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|
2794 |
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|
2795 |
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|
2796 :let ${env-name} = {expr1} *:let-environment* *:let-$* |
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|
2797 Set environment variable {env-name} to the result of |
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|
2798 the expression {expr1}. The type is always String. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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|
2799 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2800 On some systems making an environment variable empty |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2801 causes it to be deleted. Many systems do not make a |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2802 difference between an environment variable that is not |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2803 set and an environment variable that is empty. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2804 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2805 :let ${env-name} .= {expr1} |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2806 Append {expr1} to the environment variable {env-name}. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2807 If the environment variable didn't exist yet this |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2808 works like "=". |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2809 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2810 :let @{reg-name} = {expr1} *:let-register* *:let-@* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2811 Write the result of the expression {expr1} in register |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2812 {reg-name}. {reg-name} must be a single letter, and |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2813 must be the name of a writable register (see |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2814 |registers|). "@@" can be used for the unnamed |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2815 register, "@/" for the search pattern. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2816 If the result of {expr1} ends in a <CR> or <NL>, the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2817 register will be linewise, otherwise it will be set to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2818 characterwise. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2819 This can be used to clear the last search pattern: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2820 :let @/ = "" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2821 < This is different from searching for an empty string, |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2822 that would match everywhere. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2823 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2824 :let @{reg-name} .= {expr1} |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2825 Append {expr1} to register {reg-name}. If the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2826 register was empty it's like setting it to {expr1}. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2827 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2828 :let &{option-name} = {expr1} *:let-option* *:let-&* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2829 Set option {option-name} to the result of the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2830 expression {expr1}. A String or Number value is |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2831 always converted to the type of the option. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2832 For an option local to a window or buffer the effect |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2833 is just like using the |:set| command: both the local |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2834 value and the global value are changed. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2835 Example: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2836 :let &path = &path .. ',/usr/local/include' |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2837 < This also works for terminal codes in the form t_xx. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2838 But only for alphanumerical names. Example: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2839 :let &t_k1 = "\<Esc>[234;" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2840 < When the code does not exist yet it will be created as |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2841 a terminal key code, there is no error. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2842 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2843 :let &{option-name} .= {expr1} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2844 For a string option: Append {expr1} to the value. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2845 Does not insert a comma like |:set+=|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2846 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2847 :let &{option-name} += {expr1} |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2848 :let &{option-name} -= {expr1} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2849 For a number or boolean option: Add or subtract |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2850 {expr1}. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2851 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2852 :let &l:{option-name} = {expr1} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2853 :let &l:{option-name} .= {expr1} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2854 :let &l:{option-name} += {expr1} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2855 :let &l:{option-name} -= {expr1} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2856 Like above, but only set the local value of an option |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2857 (if there is one). Works like |:setlocal|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2858 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2859 :let &g:{option-name} = {expr1} |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2860 :let &g:{option-name} .= {expr1} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2861 :let &g:{option-name} += {expr1} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2862 :let &g:{option-name} -= {expr1} |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2863 Like above, but only set the global value of an option |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2864 (if there is one). Works like |:setglobal|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2865 *E1093* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2866 :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] = {expr1} *:let-unpack* *E687* *E688* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2867 {expr1} must evaluate to a |List|. The first item in |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2868 the list is assigned to {name1}, the second item to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2869 {name2}, etc. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2870 The number of names must match the number of items in |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2871 the |List|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2872 Each name can be one of the items of the ":let" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2873 command as mentioned above. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2874 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2875 :let [s, item] = GetItem(s) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2876 < Detail: {expr1} is evaluated first, then the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2877 assignments are done in sequence. This matters if |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2878 {name2} depends on {name1}. Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2879 :let x = [0, 1] |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2880 :let i = 0 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2881 :let [i, x[i]] = [1, 2] |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2882 :echo x |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2883 < The result is [0, 2]. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2884 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2885 :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] .= {expr1} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2886 :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] += {expr1} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2887 :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] -= {expr1} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2888 Like above, but append/add/subtract the value for each |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2889 |List| item. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2890 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2891 :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] = {expr1} *E452* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2892 Like |:let-unpack| above, but the |List| may have more |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2893 items than there are names. A list of the remaining |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2894 items is assigned to {lastname}. If there are no |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2895 remaining items {lastname} is set to an empty list. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2896 Example: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2897 :let [a, b; rest] = ["aval", "bval", 3, 4] |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2898 < |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2899 :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] .= {expr1} |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2900 :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] += {expr1} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2901 :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] -= {expr1} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2902 Like above, but append/add/subtract the value for each |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2903 |List| item. |
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Fix line endings issue
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32669
diff
changeset
|
2904 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2905 *:let=<<* *:let-heredoc* |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2906 *E990* *E991* *E172* *E221* *E1145* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
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|
2907 :let {var-name} =<< [trim] [eval] {endmarker} |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2908 text... |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2909 text... |
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diff
changeset
|
2910 {endmarker} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2911 Set internal variable {var-name} to a |List| |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2912 containing the lines of text bounded by the string |
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2913 {endmarker}. |
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32669
diff
changeset
|
2914 |
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diff
changeset
|
2915 If "eval" is not specified, then each line of text is |
695b50472e85
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2916 used as a |literal-string|, except that single quotes |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2917 does not need to be doubled. |
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diff
changeset
|
2918 If "eval" is specified, then any Vim expression in the |
695b50472e85
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diff
changeset
|
2919 form {expr} is evaluated and the result replaces the |
695b50472e85
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diff
changeset
|
2920 expression, like with |interpolated-string|. |
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diff
changeset
|
2921 Example where $HOME is expanded: > |
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diff
changeset
|
2922 let lines =<< trim eval END |
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diff
changeset
|
2923 some text |
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diff
changeset
|
2924 See the file {$HOME}/.vimrc |
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diff
changeset
|
2925 more text |
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diff
changeset
|
2926 END |
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diff
changeset
|
2927 < There can be multiple Vim expressions in a single line |
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diff
changeset
|
2928 but an expression cannot span multiple lines. If any |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2929 expression evaluation fails, then the assignment fails. |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
2930 |
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diff
changeset
|
2931 {endmarker} must not contain white space. |
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2932 {endmarker} cannot start with a lower case character. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2933 The last line should end only with the {endmarker} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2934 string without any other character. Watch out for |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2935 white space after {endmarker}! |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2936 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2937 Without "trim" any white space characters in the lines |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2938 of text are preserved. If "trim" is specified before |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2939 {endmarker}, then indentation is stripped so you can |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2940 do: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2941 let text =<< trim END |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2942 if ok |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2943 echo 'done' |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2944 endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2945 END |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2946 < Results in: ["if ok", " echo 'done'", "endif"] |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2947 The marker must line up with "let" and the indentation |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2948 of the first line is removed from all the text lines. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2949 Specifically: all the leading indentation exactly |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2950 matching the leading indentation of the first |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2951 non-empty text line is stripped from the input lines. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2952 All leading indentation exactly matching the leading |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2953 indentation before `let` is stripped from the line |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2954 containing {endmarker}. Note that the difference |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2955 between space and tab matters here. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2956 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2957 If {var-name} didn't exist yet, it is created. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2958 Cannot be followed by another command, but can be |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2959 followed by a comment. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2960 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2961 To avoid line continuation to be applied, consider |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2962 adding 'C' to 'cpoptions': > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2963 set cpo+=C |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2964 let var =<< END |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2965 \ leading backslash |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2966 END |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2967 set cpo-=C |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2968 < |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2969 Examples: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2970 let var1 =<< END |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2971 Sample text 1 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2972 Sample text 2 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2973 Sample text 3 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2974 END |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2975 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2976 let data =<< trim DATA |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2977 1 2 3 4 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2978 5 6 7 8 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2979 DATA |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2980 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2981 let code =<< trim eval CODE |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2982 let v = {10 + 20} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2983 let h = "{$HOME}" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2984 let s = "{Str1()} abc {Str2()}" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2985 let n = {MyFunc(3, 4)} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2986 CODE |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2987 < |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2988 *E121* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2989 :let {var-name} .. List the value of variable {var-name}. Multiple |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2990 variable names may be given. Special names recognized |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2991 here: *E738* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2992 g: global variables |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2993 b: local buffer variables |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2994 w: local window variables |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2995 t: local tab page variables |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2996 s: script-local variables |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2997 l: local function variables |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2998 v: Vim variables. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
2999 This does not work in Vim9 script. |vim9-declaration| |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3000 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3001 :let List the values of all variables. The type of the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3002 variable is indicated before the value: |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3003 <nothing> String |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3004 # Number |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3005 * Funcref |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3006 This does not work in Vim9 script. |vim9-declaration| |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3007 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3008 :unl[et][!] {name} ... *:unlet* *:unl* *E108* *E795* *E1081* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3009 Remove the internal variable {name}. Several variable |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3010 names can be given, they are all removed. The name |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3011 may also be a |List| or |Dictionary| item. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3012 With [!] no error message is given for non-existing |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3013 variables. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3014 One or more items from a |List| can be removed: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3015 :unlet list[3] " remove fourth item |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3016 :unlet list[3:] " remove fourth item to last |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3017 < One item from a |Dictionary| can be removed at a time: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3018 :unlet dict['two'] |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3019 :unlet dict.two |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3020 < This is especially useful to clean up used global |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3021 variables and script-local variables (these are not |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3022 deleted when the script ends). Function-local |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3023 variables are automatically deleted when the function |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3024 ends. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3025 In |Vim9| script variables declared in a function or |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3026 script cannot be removed. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3027 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3028 :unl[et] ${env-name} ... *:unlet-environment* *:unlet-$* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3029 Remove environment variable {env-name}. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3030 Can mix {name} and ${env-name} in one :unlet command. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3031 No error message is given for a non-existing |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3032 variable, also without !. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3033 If the system does not support deleting an environment |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3034 variable, it is made empty. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3035 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3036 *:cons* *:const* *E1018* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3037 :cons[t] {var-name} = {expr1} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3038 :cons[t] [{name1}, {name2}, ...] = {expr1} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3039 :cons[t] [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] = {expr1} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3040 :cons[t] {var-name} =<< [trim] {marker} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3041 text... |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3042 text... |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3043 {marker} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3044 Similar to |:let|, but additionally lock the variable |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3045 after setting the value. This is the same as locking |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3046 the variable with |:lockvar| just after |:let|, thus: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3047 :const x = 1 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3048 < is equivalent to: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3049 :let x = 1 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3050 :lockvar! x |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3051 < NOTE: in Vim9 script `:const` works differently, see |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3052 |vim9-const| |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3053 This is useful if you want to make sure the variable |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3054 is not modified. If the value is a List or Dictionary |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3055 literal then the items also cannot be changed: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3056 const ll = [1, 2, 3] |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3057 let ll[1] = 5 " Error! |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3058 < Nested references are not locked: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3059 let lvar = ['a'] |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3060 const lconst = [0, lvar] |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3061 let lconst[0] = 2 " Error! |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3062 let lconst[1][0] = 'b' " OK |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3063 < *E995* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3064 |:const| does not allow to for changing a variable: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3065 :let x = 1 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3066 :const x = 2 " Error! |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3067 < *E996* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3068 Note that environment variables, option values and |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3069 register values cannot be used here, since they cannot |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3070 be locked. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3071 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3072 :cons[t] |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3073 :cons[t] {var-name} |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3074 If no argument is given or only {var-name} is given, |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3075 the behavior is the same as |:let|. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3076 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3077 :lockv[ar][!] [depth] {name} ... *:lockvar* *:lockv* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3078 Lock the internal variable {name}. Locking means that |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3079 it can no longer be changed (until it is unlocked). |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3080 A locked variable can be deleted: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3081 :lockvar v |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3082 :let v = 'asdf' " fails! |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3083 :unlet v " works |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3084 < *E741* *E940* *E1118* *E1119* *E1120* *E1121* *E1122* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3085 If you try to change a locked variable you get an |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3086 error message: "E741: Value is locked: {name}". |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3087 If you try to lock or unlock a built-in variable you |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3088 get an error message: "E940: Cannot lock or unlock |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3089 variable {name}". |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3090 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3091 [depth] is relevant when locking a |List| or |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3092 |Dictionary|. It specifies how deep the locking goes: |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3093 0 Lock the variable {name} but not its |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3094 value. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3095 1 Lock the |List| or |Dictionary| itself, |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3096 cannot add or remove items, but can |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3097 still change their values. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3098 2 Also lock the values, cannot change |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3099 the items. If an item is a |List| or |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3100 |Dictionary|, cannot add or remove |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3101 items, but can still change the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3102 values. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3103 3 Like 2 but for the |List| / |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3104 |Dictionary| in the |List| / |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3105 |Dictionary|, one level deeper. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3106 The default [depth] is 2, thus when {name} is a |List| |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3107 or |Dictionary| the values cannot be changed. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3108 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3109 Example with [depth] 0: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3110 let mylist = [1, 2, 3] |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3111 lockvar 0 mylist |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3112 let mylist[0] = 77 " OK |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3113 call add(mylist, 4) " OK |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3114 let mylist = [7, 8, 9] " Error! |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3115 < *E743* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3116 For unlimited depth use [!] and omit [depth]. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3117 However, there is a maximum depth of 100 to catch |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3118 loops. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3119 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3120 Note that when two variables refer to the same |List| |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3121 and you lock one of them, the |List| will also be |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3122 locked when used through the other variable. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3123 Example: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3124 :let l = [0, 1, 2, 3] |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3125 :let cl = l |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3126 :lockvar l |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3127 :let cl[1] = 99 " won't work! |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3128 < You may want to make a copy of a list to avoid this. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3129 See |deepcopy()|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3130 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3131 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3132 :unlo[ckvar][!] [depth] {name} ... *:unlockvar* *:unlo* *E1246* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3133 Unlock the internal variable {name}. Does the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3134 opposite of |:lockvar|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3135 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3136 If {name} does not exist: |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3137 - In |Vim9| script an error is given. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3138 - In legacy script this is silently ignored. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3139 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3140 :if {expr1} *:if* *:end* *:endif* *:en* *E171* *E579* *E580* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3141 :en[dif] Execute the commands until the next matching `:else` |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3142 or `:endif` if {expr1} evaluates to non-zero. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3143 Although the short forms work, it is recommended to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3144 always use `:endif` to avoid confusion and to make |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3145 auto-indenting work properly. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3146 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3147 From Vim version 4.5 until 5.0, every Ex command in |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3148 between the `:if` and `:endif` is ignored. These two |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3149 commands were just to allow for future expansions in a |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3150 backward compatible way. Nesting was allowed. Note |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3151 that any `:else` or `:elseif` was ignored, the `else` |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3152 part was not executed either. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3153 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3154 You can use this to remain compatible with older |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3155 versions: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3156 :if version >= 500 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3157 : version-5-specific-commands |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3158 :endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3159 < The commands still need to be parsed to find the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3160 `endif`. Sometimes an older Vim has a problem with a |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3161 new command. For example, `:silent` is recognized as |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3162 a `:substitute` command. In that case `:execute` can |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3163 avoid problems: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3164 :if version >= 600 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3165 : execute "silent 1,$delete" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3166 :endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3167 < |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3168 In |Vim9| script `:endif` cannot be shortened, to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3169 improve script readability. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3170 NOTE: The `:append` and `:insert` commands don't work |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3171 properly in between `:if` and `:endif`. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3172 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3173 *:else* *:el* *E581* *E583* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3174 :el[se] Execute the commands until the next matching `:else` |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3175 or `:endif` if they previously were not being |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3176 executed. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3177 In |Vim9| script `:else` cannot be shortened, to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3178 improve script readability. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3179 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3180 *:elseif* *:elsei* *E582* *E584* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3181 :elsei[f] {expr1} Short for `:else` `:if`, with the addition that there |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3182 is no extra `:endif`. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3183 In |Vim9| script `:elseif` cannot be shortened, to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3184 improve script readability. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3185 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3186 :wh[ile] {expr1} *:while* *:endwhile* *:wh* *:endw* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3187 *E170* *E585* *E588* *E733* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3188 :endw[hile] Repeat the commands between `:while` and `:endwhile`, |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3189 as long as {expr1} evaluates to non-zero. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3190 When an error is detected from a command inside the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3191 loop, execution continues after the `endwhile`. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3192 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3193 :let lnum = 1 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3194 :while lnum <= line("$") |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3195 :call FixLine(lnum) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3196 :let lnum = lnum + 1 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3197 :endwhile |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3198 < |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3199 In |Vim9| script `:while` and `:endwhile` cannot be |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3200 shortened, to improve script readability. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3201 NOTE: The `:append` and `:insert` commands don't work |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3202 properly inside a `:while` and `:for` loop. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3203 |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3204 :for {var} in {object} *:for* *E690* *E732* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3205 :endfo[r] *:endfo* *:endfor* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3206 Repeat the commands between `:for` and `:endfor` for |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3207 each item in {object}. {object} can be a |List|, |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3208 a |Blob| or a |String|. *E1177* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3209 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3210 Variable {var} is set to the value of each item. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3211 In |Vim9| script the loop variable must not have been |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3212 declared yet, unless when it is a |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3213 global/window/tab/buffer variable. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3214 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3215 When an error is detected for a command inside the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3216 loop, execution continues after the `endfor`. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3217 Changing {object} inside the loop affects what items |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3218 are used. Make a copy if this is unwanted: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3219 :for item in copy(mylist) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3220 < |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3221 When {object} is a |List| and not making a copy, in |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3222 legacy script Vim stores a reference to the next item |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3223 in the |List| before executing the commands with the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3224 current item. Thus the current item can be removed |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3225 without effect. Removing any later item means it will |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3226 not be found. Thus the following example works (an |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3227 inefficient way to make a |List| empty): > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3228 for item in mylist |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3229 call remove(mylist, 0) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3230 endfor |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3231 < Note that reordering the |List| (e.g., with sort() or |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3232 reverse()) may have unexpected effects. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3233 In |Vim9| script the index is used. If an item before |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3234 the current one is deleted the next item will be |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3235 skipped. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3236 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3237 When {object} is a |Blob|, Vim always makes a copy to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3238 iterate over. Unlike with |List|, modifying the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3239 |Blob| does not affect the iteration. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3240 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3241 When {object} is a |String| each item is a string with |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3242 one character, plus any combining characters. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3243 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3244 In |Vim9| script `:endfor` cannot be shortened, to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3245 improve script readability. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3246 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3247 :for [{var1}, {var2}, ...] in {listlist} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3248 :endfo[r] *E1140* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3249 Like `:for` above, but each item in {listlist} must be |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3250 a list, of which each item is assigned to {var1}, |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3251 {var2}, etc. Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3252 :for [lnum, col] in [[1, 3], [2, 5], [3, 8]] |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3253 :echo getline(lnum)[col] |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3254 :endfor |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3255 < |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3256 *:continue* *:con* *E586* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3257 :con[tinue] When used inside a `:while` or `:for` loop, jumps back |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3258 to the start of the loop. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3259 If it is used after a `:try` inside the loop but |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3260 before the matching `:finally` (if present), the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3261 commands following the `:finally` up to the matching |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3262 `:endtry` are executed first. This process applies to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3263 all nested `:try`s inside the loop. The outermost |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3264 `:endtry` then jumps back to the start of the loop. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3265 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3266 In |Vim9| script `:cont` is the shortest form, to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3267 improve script readability. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3268 *:break* *:brea* *E587* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3269 :brea[k] When used inside a `:while` or `:for` loop, skips to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3270 the command after the matching `:endwhile` or |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3271 `:endfor`. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3272 If it is used after a `:try` inside the loop but |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3273 before the matching `:finally` (if present), the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3274 commands following the `:finally` up to the matching |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3275 `:endtry` are executed first. This process applies to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3276 all nested `:try`s inside the loop. The outermost |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3277 `:endtry` then jumps to the command after the loop. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3278 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3279 In |Vim9| script `:break` cannot be shortened, to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3280 improve script readability. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3281 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3282 :try *:try* *:endt* *:endtry* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3283 *E600* *E601* *E602* *E1032* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3284 :endt[ry] Change the error handling for the commands between |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3285 `:try` and `:endtry` including everything being |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3286 executed across `:source` commands, function calls, |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3287 or autocommand invocations. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3288 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3289 When an error or interrupt is detected and there is |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3290 a `:finally` command following, execution continues |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3291 after the `:finally`. Otherwise, or when the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3292 `:endtry` is reached thereafter, the next |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3293 (dynamically) surrounding `:try` is checked for |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3294 a corresponding `:finally` etc. Then the script |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3295 processing is terminated. Whether a function |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3296 definition has an "abort" argument does not matter. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3297 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3298 try | call Unknown() | finally | echomsg "cleanup" | endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3299 echomsg "not reached" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3300 < |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3301 Moreover, an error or interrupt (dynamically) inside |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3302 `:try` and `:endtry` is converted to an exception. It |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3303 can be caught as if it were thrown by a `:throw` |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3304 command (see `:catch`). In this case, the script |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3305 processing is not terminated. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3306 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3307 The value "Vim:Interrupt" is used for an interrupt |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3308 exception. An error in a Vim command is converted |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3309 to a value of the form "Vim({command}):{errmsg}", |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3310 other errors are converted to a value of the form |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3311 "Vim:{errmsg}". {command} is the full command name, |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3312 and {errmsg} is the message that is displayed if the |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3313 error exception is not caught, always beginning with |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3314 the error number. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3315 Examples: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3316 try | sleep 100 | catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/ | endtry |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3317 try | edit | catch /^Vim(edit):E\d\+/ | echo "error" | endtry |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3318 < |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3319 In |Vim9| script `:endtry` cannot be shortened, to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3320 improve script readability. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3321 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3322 *:cat* *:catch* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3323 *E603* *E604* *E605* *E654* *E1033* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3324 :cat[ch] /{pattern}/ The following commands until the next `:catch`, |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3325 `:finally`, or `:endtry` that belongs to the same |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3326 `:try` as the `:catch` are executed when an exception |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3327 matching {pattern} is being thrown and has not yet |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3328 been caught by a previous `:catch`. Otherwise, these |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3329 commands are skipped. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3330 When {pattern} is omitted all errors are caught. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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32669
diff
changeset
|
3331 Examples: > |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3332 :catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/ " catch interrupts (CTRL-C) |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3333 :catch /^Vim\%((\a\+)\)\=:E/ " catch all Vim errors |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3334 :catch /^Vim\%((\a\+)\)\=:/ " catch errors and interrupts |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3335 :catch /^Vim(write):/ " catch all errors in :write |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3336 :catch /^Vim\%((\a\+)\)\=:E123:/ " catch error E123 |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3337 :catch /my-exception/ " catch user exception |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3338 :catch /.*/ " catch everything |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3339 :catch " same as /.*/ |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3340 < |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3341 Another character can be used instead of / around the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3342 {pattern}, so long as it does not have a special |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3343 meaning (e.g., '|' or '"') and doesn't occur inside |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3344 {pattern}. *E1067* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3345 Information about the exception is available in |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3346 |v:exception|. Also see |throw-variables|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3347 NOTE: It is not reliable to ":catch" the TEXT of |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3348 an error message because it may vary in different |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3349 locales. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3350 In |Vim9| script `:catch` cannot be shortened, to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3351 improve script readability. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3352 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3353 *:fina* *:finally* *E606* *E607* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3354 :fina[lly] The following commands until the matching `:endtry` |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3355 are executed whenever the part between the matching |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3356 `:try` and the `:finally` is left: either by falling |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3357 through to the `:finally` or by a `:continue`, |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3358 `:break`, `:finish`, or `:return`, or by an error or |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3359 interrupt or exception (see `:throw`). |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3360 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3361 In |Vim9| script `:finally` cannot be shortened, to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3362 improve script readability and avoid confusion with |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3363 `:final`. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3364 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3365 *:th* *:throw* *E608* *E1129* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3366 :th[row] {expr1} The {expr1} is evaluated and thrown as an exception. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3367 If the ":throw" is used after a `:try` but before the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3368 first corresponding `:catch`, commands are skipped |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3369 until the first `:catch` matching {expr1} is reached. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3370 If there is no such `:catch` or if the ":throw" is |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3371 used after a `:catch` but before the `:finally`, the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3372 commands following the `:finally` (if present) up to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3373 the matching `:endtry` are executed. If the `:throw` |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3374 is after the `:finally`, commands up to the `:endtry` |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3375 are skipped. At the ":endtry", this process applies |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3376 again for the next dynamically surrounding `:try` |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3377 (which may be found in a calling function or sourcing |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3378 script), until a matching `:catch` has been found. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3379 If the exception is not caught, the command processing |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3380 is terminated. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3381 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3382 :try | throw "oops" | catch /^oo/ | echo "caught" | endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3383 < Note that "catch" may need to be on a separate line |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3384 for when an error causes the parsing to skip the whole |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3385 line and not see the "|" that separates the commands. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3386 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3387 In |Vim9| script `:throw` cannot be shortened, to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3388 improve script readability. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3389 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3390 *:ec* *:echo* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3391 :ec[ho] {expr1} .. Echoes each {expr1}, with a space in between. The |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3392 first {expr1} starts on a new line. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3393 Also see |:comment|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3394 Use "\n" to start a new line. Use "\r" to move the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3395 cursor to the first column. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3396 Uses the highlighting set by the `:echohl` command. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3397 Cannot be followed by a comment. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3398 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3399 :echo "the value of 'shell' is" &shell |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3400 < *:echo-redraw* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3401 A later redraw may make the message disappear again. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3402 And since Vim mostly postpones redrawing until it's |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3403 finished with a sequence of commands this happens |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3404 quite often. To avoid that a command from before the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3405 `:echo` causes a redraw afterwards (redraws are often |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3406 postponed until you type something), force a redraw |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3407 with the `:redraw` command. Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3408 :new | redraw | echo "there is a new window" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3409 < |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3410 *:echon* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3411 :echon {expr1} .. Echoes each {expr1}, without anything added. Also see |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3412 |:comment|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3413 Uses the highlighting set by the `:echohl` command. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3414 Cannot be followed by a comment. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3415 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3416 :echon "the value of 'shell' is " &shell |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3417 < |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3418 Note the difference between using `:echo`, which is a |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3419 Vim command, and `:!echo`, which is an external shell |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3420 command: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3421 :!echo % --> filename |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3422 < The arguments of ":!" are expanded, see |:_%|. > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3423 :!echo "%" --> filename or "filename" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3424 < Like the previous example. Whether you see the double |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3425 quotes or not depends on your 'shell'. > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3426 :echo % --> nothing |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3427 < The '%' is an illegal character in an expression. > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3428 :echo "%" --> % |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3429 < This just echoes the '%' character. > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3430 :echo expand("%") --> filename |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3431 < This calls the expand() function to expand the '%'. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3432 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3433 *:echoh* *:echohl* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3434 :echoh[l] {name} Use the highlight group {name} for the following |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3435 `:echo`, `:echon` and `:echomsg` commands. Also used |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3436 for the `input()` prompt. Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3437 :echohl WarningMsg | echo "Don't panic!" | echohl None |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3438 < Don't forget to set the group back to "None", |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3439 otherwise all following echo's will be highlighted. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3440 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3441 *:echom* *:echomsg* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3442 :echom[sg] {expr1} .. Echo the expression(s) as a true message, saving the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3443 message in the |message-history|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3444 Spaces are placed between the arguments as with the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3445 `:echo` command. But unprintable characters are |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3446 displayed, not interpreted. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3447 The parsing works slightly different from `:echo`, |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3448 more like `:execute`. All the expressions are first |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3449 evaluated and concatenated before echoing anything. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3450 If expressions does not evaluate to a Number or |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3451 String, string() is used to turn it into a string. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3452 Uses the highlighting set by the `:echohl` command. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3453 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3454 :echomsg "It's a Zizzer Zazzer Zuzz, as you can plainly see." |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3455 < See |:echo-redraw| to avoid the message disappearing |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3456 when the screen is redrawn. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3457 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3458 *:echow* *:echowin* *:echowindow* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3459 :[N]echow[indow] {expr1} .. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3460 Like |:echomsg| but when the messages popup window is |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3461 available the message is displayed there. This means |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3462 it will show for three seconds and avoid a |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3463 |hit-enter| prompt. If you want to hide it before |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3464 that, press Esc in Normal mode (when it would |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3465 otherwise beep). If it disappears too soon you can |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3466 use `:messages` to see the text. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3467 When [N] is given then the window will show up for |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3468 this number of seconds. The last `:echowindow` with a |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3469 count matters, it is used once only. |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3470 The message window is available when Vim was compiled |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3471 with the +timer and the +popupwin features. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3472 |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3473 *:echoe* *:echoerr* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3474 :echoe[rr] {expr1} .. Echo the expression(s) as an error message, saving the |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3475 message in the |message-history|. When used in a |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3476 script or function the line number will be added. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3477 Spaces are placed between the arguments as with the |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3478 `:echomsg` command. When used inside a try conditional, |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3479 the message is raised as an error exception instead |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3480 (see |try-echoerr|). |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3481 Example: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3482 :echoerr "This script just failed!" |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3483 < If you just want a highlighted message use `:echohl`. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3484 And to get a beep: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3485 :exe "normal \<Esc>" |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3486 |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3487 :echoc[onsole] {expr1} .. *:echoc* *:echoconsole* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3488 Intended for testing: works like `:echomsg` but when |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3489 running in the GUI and started from a terminal write |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3490 the text to stdout. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3491 |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3492 *:eval* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3493 :eval {expr} Evaluate {expr} and discard the result. Example: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3494 :eval Getlist()->Filter()->append('$') |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3495 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3496 < The expression is supposed to have a side effect, |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3497 since the resulting value is not used. In the example |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3498 the `append()` call appends the List with text to the |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3499 buffer. This is similar to `:call` but works with any |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3500 expression. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3501 In |Vim9| script an expression without an effect will |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3502 result in error *E1207* . This should help noticing |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3503 mistakes. |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3504 |
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diff
changeset
|
3505 The command can be shortened to `:ev` or `:eva`, but |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3506 these are hard to recognize and therefore not to be |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3507 used. |
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3508 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3509 The command cannot be followed by "|" and another |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3510 command, since "|" is seen as part of the expression. |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3511 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3512 |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3513 *:exe* *:execute* |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3514 :exe[cute] {expr1} .. Executes the string that results from the evaluation |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3515 of {expr1} as an Ex command. |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3516 Multiple arguments are concatenated, with a space in |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3517 between. To avoid the extra space use the ".." |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3518 operator to concatenate strings into one argument. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3519 {expr1} is used as the processed command, command line |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3520 editing keys are not recognized. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3521 Cannot be followed by a comment. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3522 Examples: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3523 :execute "buffer" nextbuf |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3524 :execute "normal" count .. "w" |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3525 < |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3526 ":execute" can be used to append a command to commands |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3527 that don't accept a '|'. Example: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3528 :execute '!ls' | echo "theend" |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3529 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3530 < ":execute" is also a nice way to avoid having to type |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3531 control characters in a Vim script for a ":normal" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3532 command: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3533 :execute "normal ixxx\<Esc>" |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3534 < This has an <Esc> character, see |expr-string|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3535 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3536 Be careful to correctly escape special characters in |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3537 file names. The |fnameescape()| function can be used |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3538 for Vim commands, |shellescape()| for |:!| commands. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3539 Examples: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3540 :execute "e " .. fnameescape(filename) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3541 :execute "!ls " .. shellescape(filename, 1) |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3542 < |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3543 Note: The executed string may be any command-line, but |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3544 starting or ending "if", "while" and "for" does not |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3545 always work, because when commands are skipped the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3546 ":execute" is not evaluated and Vim loses track of |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3547 where blocks start and end. Also "break" and |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3548 "continue" should not be inside ":execute". |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3549 This example does not work, because the ":execute" is |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3550 not evaluated and Vim does not see the "while", and |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3551 gives an error for finding an ":endwhile": > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3552 :if 0 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3553 : execute 'while i > 5' |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3554 : echo "test" |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3555 : endwhile |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3556 :endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3557 < |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3558 It is allowed to have a "while" or "if" command |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3559 completely in the executed string: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3560 :execute 'while i < 5 | echo i | let i = i + 1 | endwhile' |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3561 < |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3562 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3563 *:exe-comment* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3564 ":execute", ":echo" and ":echon" cannot be followed by |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3565 a comment directly, because they see the '"' as the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3566 start of a string. But, you can use '|' followed by a |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3567 comment. Example: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3568 :echo "foo" | "this is a comment |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3569 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3570 ============================================================================== |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3571 8. Exception handling *exception-handling* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3572 |
695b50472e85
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32669
diff
changeset
|
3573 The Vim script language comprises an exception handling feature. This section |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
3574 explains how it can be used in a Vim script. |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
3575 |
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diff
changeset
|
3576 Exceptions may be raised by Vim on an error or on interrupt, see |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
3577 |catch-errors| and |catch-interrupt|. You can also explicitly throw an |
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diff
changeset
|
3578 exception by using the ":throw" command, see |throw-catch|. |
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diff
changeset
|
3579 |
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diff
changeset
|
3580 |
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changeset
|
3581 TRY CONDITIONALS *try-conditionals* |
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changeset
|
3582 |
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diff
changeset
|
3583 Exceptions can be caught or can cause cleanup code to be executed. You can |
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diff
changeset
|
3584 use a try conditional to specify catch clauses (that catch exceptions) and/or |
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diff
changeset
|
3585 a finally clause (to be executed for cleanup). |
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changeset
|
3586 A try conditional begins with a |:try| command and ends at the matching |
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changeset
|
3587 |:endtry| command. In between, you can use a |:catch| command to start |
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|
3588 a catch clause, or a |:finally| command to start a finally clause. There may |
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diff
changeset
|
3589 be none or multiple catch clauses, but there is at most one finally clause, |
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changeset
|
3590 which must not be followed by any catch clauses. The lines before the catch |
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diff
changeset
|
3591 clauses and the finally clause is called a try block. > |
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changeset
|
3592 |
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changeset
|
3593 :try |
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changeset
|
3594 : ... |
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diff
changeset
|
3595 : ... TRY BLOCK |
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changeset
|
3596 : ... |
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changeset
|
3597 :catch /{pattern}/ |
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changeset
|
3598 : ... |
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changeset
|
3599 : ... CATCH CLAUSE |
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changeset
|
3600 : ... |
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changeset
|
3601 :catch /{pattern}/ |
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changeset
|
3602 : ... |
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changeset
|
3603 : ... CATCH CLAUSE |
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changeset
|
3604 : ... |
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changeset
|
3605 :finally |
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changeset
|
3606 : ... |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3607 : ... FINALLY CLAUSE |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3608 : ... |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3609 :endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3610 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3611 The try conditional allows to watch code for exceptions and to take the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3612 appropriate actions. Exceptions from the try block may be caught. Exceptions |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3613 from the try block and also the catch clauses may cause cleanup actions. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3614 When no exception is thrown during execution of the try block, the control |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3615 is transferred to the finally clause, if present. After its execution, the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3616 script continues with the line following the ":endtry". |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3617 When an exception occurs during execution of the try block, the remaining |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3618 lines in the try block are skipped. The exception is matched against the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3619 patterns specified as arguments to the ":catch" commands. The catch clause |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3620 after the first matching ":catch" is taken, other catch clauses are not |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3621 executed. The catch clause ends when the next ":catch", ":finally", or |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3622 ":endtry" command is reached - whatever is first. Then, the finally clause |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3623 (if present) is executed. When the ":endtry" is reached, the script execution |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3624 continues in the following line as usual. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3625 When an exception that does not match any of the patterns specified by the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3626 ":catch" commands is thrown in the try block, the exception is not caught by |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3627 that try conditional and none of the catch clauses is executed. Only the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3628 finally clause, if present, is taken. The exception pends during execution of |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3629 the finally clause. It is resumed at the ":endtry", so that commands after |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3630 the ":endtry" are not executed and the exception might be caught elsewhere, |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3631 see |try-nesting|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3632 When during execution of a catch clause another exception is thrown, the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3633 remaining lines in that catch clause are not executed. The new exception is |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3634 not matched against the patterns in any of the ":catch" commands of the same |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3635 try conditional and none of its catch clauses is taken. If there is, however, |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3636 a finally clause, it is executed, and the exception pends during its |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3637 execution. The commands following the ":endtry" are not executed. The new |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3638 exception might, however, be caught elsewhere, see |try-nesting|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3639 When during execution of the finally clause (if present) an exception is |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3640 thrown, the remaining lines in the finally clause are skipped. If the finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3641 clause has been taken because of an exception from the try block or one of the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3642 catch clauses, the original (pending) exception is discarded. The commands |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3643 following the ":endtry" are not executed, and the exception from the finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3644 clause is propagated and can be caught elsewhere, see |try-nesting|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3645 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3646 The finally clause is also executed, when a ":break" or ":continue" for |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3647 a ":while" loop enclosing the complete try conditional is executed from the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3648 try block or a catch clause. Or when a ":return" or ":finish" is executed |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3649 from the try block or a catch clause of a try conditional in a function or |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3650 sourced script, respectively. The ":break", ":continue", ":return", or |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3651 ":finish" pends during execution of the finally clause and is resumed when the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3652 ":endtry" is reached. It is, however, discarded when an exception is thrown |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3653 from the finally clause. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3654 When a ":break" or ":continue" for a ":while" loop enclosing the complete |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3655 try conditional or when a ":return" or ":finish" is encountered in the finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3656 clause, the rest of the finally clause is skipped, and the ":break", |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3657 ":continue", ":return" or ":finish" is executed as usual. If the finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3658 clause has been taken because of an exception or an earlier ":break", |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3659 ":continue", ":return", or ":finish" from the try block or a catch clause, |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3660 this pending exception or command is discarded. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3661 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3662 For examples see |throw-catch| and |try-finally|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3663 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3664 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3665 NESTING OF TRY CONDITIONALS *try-nesting* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3666 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3667 Try conditionals can be nested arbitrarily. That is, a complete try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3668 conditional can be put into the try block, a catch clause, or the finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3669 clause of another try conditional. If the inner try conditional does not |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3670 catch an exception thrown in its try block or throws a new exception from one |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3671 of its catch clauses or its finally clause, the outer try conditional is |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3672 checked according to the rules above. If the inner try conditional is in the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3673 try block of the outer try conditional, its catch clauses are checked, but |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3674 otherwise only the finally clause is executed. It does not matter for |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3675 nesting, whether the inner try conditional is directly contained in the outer |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3676 one, or whether the outer one sources a script or calls a function containing |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3677 the inner try conditional. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3678 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3679 When none of the active try conditionals catches an exception, just their |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3680 finally clauses are executed. Thereafter, the script processing terminates. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3681 An error message is displayed in case of an uncaught exception explicitly |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3682 thrown by a ":throw" command. For uncaught error and interrupt exceptions |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3683 implicitly raised by Vim, the error message(s) or interrupt message are shown |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3684 as usual. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3685 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3686 For examples see |throw-catch|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3687 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3688 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3689 EXAMINING EXCEPTION HANDLING CODE *except-examine* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3690 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3691 Exception handling code can get tricky. If you are in doubt what happens, set |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3692 'verbose' to 13 or use the ":13verbose" command modifier when sourcing your |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3693 script file. Then you see when an exception is thrown, discarded, caught, or |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3694 finished. When using a verbosity level of at least 14, things pending in |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3695 a finally clause are also shown. This information is also given in debug mode |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3696 (see |debug-scripts|). |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3697 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3698 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3699 THROWING AND CATCHING EXCEPTIONS *throw-catch* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3700 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3701 You can throw any number or string as an exception. Use the |:throw| command |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3702 and pass the value to be thrown as argument: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3703 :throw 4711 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3704 :throw "string" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3705 < *throw-expression* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3706 You can also specify an expression argument. The expression is then evaluated |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3707 first, and the result is thrown: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3708 :throw 4705 + strlen("string") |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3709 :throw strpart("strings", 0, 6) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3710 |
695b50472e85
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3711 An exception might be thrown during evaluation of the argument of the ":throw" |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3712 command. Unless it is caught there, the expression evaluation is abandoned. |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3713 The ":throw" command then does not throw a new exception. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3714 Example: > |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3715 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3716 :function! Foo(arg) |
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diff
changeset
|
3717 : try |
695b50472e85
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3718 : throw a:arg |
695b50472e85
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3719 : catch /foo/ |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3720 : endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
3721 : return 1 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
3722 :endfunction |
695b50472e85
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3723 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
3724 :function! Bar() |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
3725 : echo "in Bar" |
695b50472e85
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3726 : return 4710 |
695b50472e85
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3727 :endfunction |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3728 : |
695b50472e85
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3729 :throw Foo("arrgh") + Bar() |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3730 |
695b50472e85
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diff
changeset
|
3731 This throws "arrgh", and "in Bar" is not displayed since Bar() is not |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3732 executed. > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3733 :throw Foo("foo") + Bar() |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3734 however displays "in Bar" and throws 4711. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3735 |
695b50472e85
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3736 Any other command that takes an expression as argument might also be |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3737 abandoned by an (uncaught) exception during the expression evaluation. The |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3738 exception is then propagated to the caller of the command. |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3739 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3740 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3741 :if Foo("arrgh") |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3742 : echo "then" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3743 :else |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3744 : echo "else" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3745 :endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3746 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3747 Here neither of "then" or "else" is displayed. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3748 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3749 *catch-order* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3750 Exceptions can be caught by a try conditional with one or more |:catch| |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3751 commands, see |try-conditionals|. The values to be caught by each ":catch" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3752 command can be specified as a pattern argument. The subsequent catch clause |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3753 gets executed when a matching exception is caught. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3754 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3755 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3756 :function! Foo(value) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3757 : try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3758 : throw a:value |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3759 : catch /^\d\+$/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3760 : echo "Number thrown" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3761 : catch /.*/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3762 : echo "String thrown" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3763 : endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3764 :endfunction |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3765 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3766 :call Foo(0x1267) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3767 :call Foo('string') |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3768 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3769 The first call to Foo() displays "Number thrown", the second "String thrown". |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3770 An exception is matched against the ":catch" commands in the order they are |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3771 specified. Only the first match counts. So you should place the more |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3772 specific ":catch" first. The following order does not make sense: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3773 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3774 : catch /.*/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3775 : echo "String thrown" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3776 : catch /^\d\+$/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3777 : echo "Number thrown" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3778 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3779 The first ":catch" here matches always, so that the second catch clause is |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3780 never taken. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3781 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3782 *throw-variables* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3783 If you catch an exception by a general pattern, you may access the exact value |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3784 in the variable |v:exception|: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3785 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3786 : catch /^\d\+$/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3787 : echo "Number thrown. Value is" v:exception |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3788 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3789 You may also be interested where an exception was thrown. This is stored in |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3790 |v:throwpoint|. Note that "v:exception" and "v:throwpoint" are valid for the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3791 exception most recently caught as long it is not finished. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3792 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3793 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3794 :function! Caught() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3795 : if v:exception != "" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3796 : echo 'Caught "' . v:exception .. '" in ' .. v:throwpoint |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3797 : else |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3798 : echo 'Nothing caught' |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3799 : endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3800 :endfunction |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3801 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3802 :function! Foo() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3803 : try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3804 : try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3805 : try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3806 : throw 4711 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3807 : finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3808 : call Caught() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3809 : endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3810 : catch /.*/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3811 : call Caught() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3812 : throw "oops" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3813 : endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3814 : catch /.*/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3815 : call Caught() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3816 : finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3817 : call Caught() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3818 : endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3819 :endfunction |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3820 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3821 :call Foo() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3822 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3823 This displays > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3824 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3825 Nothing caught |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3826 Caught "4711" in function Foo, line 4 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3827 Caught "oops" in function Foo, line 10 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3828 Nothing caught |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3829 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3830 A practical example: The following command ":LineNumber" displays the line |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3831 number in the script or function where it has been used: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3832 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3833 :function! LineNumber() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3834 : return substitute(v:throwpoint, '.*\D\(\d\+\).*', '\1', "") |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3835 :endfunction |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3836 :command! LineNumber try | throw "" | catch | echo LineNumber() | endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3837 < |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3838 *try-nested* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3839 An exception that is not caught by a try conditional can be caught by |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3840 a surrounding try conditional: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3841 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3842 :try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3843 : try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3844 : throw "foo" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3845 : catch /foobar/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3846 : echo "foobar" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3847 : finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3848 : echo "inner finally" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3849 : endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3850 :catch /foo/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3851 : echo "foo" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3852 :endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3853 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3854 The inner try conditional does not catch the exception, just its finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3855 clause is executed. The exception is then caught by the outer try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3856 conditional. The example displays "inner finally" and then "foo". |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3857 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3858 *throw-from-catch* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3859 You can catch an exception and throw a new one to be caught elsewhere from the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3860 catch clause: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3861 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3862 :function! Foo() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3863 : throw "foo" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3864 :endfunction |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3865 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3866 :function! Bar() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3867 : try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3868 : call Foo() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3869 : catch /foo/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3870 : echo "Caught foo, throw bar" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3871 : throw "bar" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3872 : endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3873 :endfunction |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3874 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3875 :try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3876 : call Bar() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3877 :catch /.*/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3878 : echo "Caught" v:exception |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3879 :endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3880 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3881 This displays "Caught foo, throw bar" and then "Caught bar". |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3882 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3883 *rethrow* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3884 There is no real rethrow in the Vim script language, but you may throw |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3885 "v:exception" instead: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3886 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3887 :function! Bar() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3888 : try |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3889 : call Foo() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3890 : catch /.*/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3891 : echo "Rethrow" v:exception |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3892 : throw v:exception |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3893 : endtry |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3894 :endfunction |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3895 < *try-echoerr* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3896 Note that this method cannot be used to "rethrow" Vim error or interrupt |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3897 exceptions, because it is not possible to fake Vim internal exceptions. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3898 Trying so causes an error exception. You should throw your own exception |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3899 denoting the situation. If you want to cause a Vim error exception containing |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3900 the original error exception value, you can use the |:echoerr| command: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3901 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3902 :try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3903 : try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3904 : asdf |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3905 : catch /.*/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3906 : echoerr v:exception |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3907 : endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3908 :catch /.*/ |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3909 : echo v:exception |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3910 :endtry |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3911 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3912 This code displays |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3913 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3914 Vim(echoerr):Vim:E492: Not an editor command: asdf ~ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3915 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3916 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3917 CLEANUP CODE *try-finally* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3918 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3919 Scripts often change global settings and restore them at their end. If the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3920 user however interrupts the script by pressing CTRL-C, the settings remain in |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3921 an inconsistent state. The same may happen to you in the development phase of |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3922 a script when an error occurs or you explicitly throw an exception without |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3923 catching it. You can solve these problems by using a try conditional with |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3924 a finally clause for restoring the settings. Its execution is guaranteed on |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3925 normal control flow, on error, on an explicit ":throw", and on interrupt. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3926 (Note that errors and interrupts from inside the try conditional are converted |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3927 to exceptions. When not caught, they terminate the script after the finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3928 clause has been executed.) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3929 Example: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3930 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3931 :try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3932 : let s:saved_ts = &ts |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3933 : set ts=17 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3934 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3935 : " Do the hard work here. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3936 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3937 :finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3938 : let &ts = s:saved_ts |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3939 : unlet s:saved_ts |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3940 :endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3941 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3942 This method should be used locally whenever a function or part of a script |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3943 changes global settings which need to be restored on failure or normal exit of |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3944 that function or script part. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3945 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3946 *break-finally* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3947 Cleanup code works also when the try block or a catch clause is left by |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3948 a ":continue", ":break", ":return", or ":finish". |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3949 Example: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3950 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3951 :let first = 1 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3952 :while 1 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3953 : try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3954 : if first |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3955 : echo "first" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3956 : let first = 0 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3957 : continue |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3958 : else |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3959 : throw "second" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3960 : endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3961 : catch /.*/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3962 : echo v:exception |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3963 : break |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3964 : finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3965 : echo "cleanup" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3966 : endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3967 : echo "still in while" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3968 :endwhile |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3969 :echo "end" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3970 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3971 This displays "first", "cleanup", "second", "cleanup", and "end". > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3972 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3973 :function! Foo() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3974 : try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3975 : return 4711 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3976 : finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3977 : echo "cleanup\n" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3978 : endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3979 : echo "Foo still active" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3980 :endfunction |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3981 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3982 :echo Foo() "returned by Foo" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3983 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3984 This displays "cleanup" and "4711 returned by Foo". You don't need to add an |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3985 extra ":return" in the finally clause. (Above all, this would override the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3986 return value.) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3987 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3988 *except-from-finally* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3989 Using either of ":continue", ":break", ":return", ":finish", or ":throw" in |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3990 a finally clause is possible, but not recommended since it abandons the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3991 cleanup actions for the try conditional. But, of course, interrupt and error |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3992 exceptions might get raised from a finally clause. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3993 Example where an error in the finally clause stops an interrupt from |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3994 working correctly: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3995 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3996 :try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3997 : try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3998 : echo "Press CTRL-C for interrupt" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
3999 : while 1 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4000 : endwhile |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4001 : finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4002 : unlet novar |
695b50472e85
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4003 : endtry |
695b50472e85
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4004 :catch /novar/ |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4005 :endtry |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4006 :echo "Script still running" |
695b50472e85
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4007 :sleep 1 |
695b50472e85
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4008 |
695b50472e85
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4009 If you need to put commands that could fail into a finally clause, you should |
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4010 think about catching or ignoring the errors in these commands, see |
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diff
changeset
|
4011 |catch-errors| and |ignore-errors|. |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4012 |
695b50472e85
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diff
changeset
|
4013 |
695b50472e85
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diff
changeset
|
4014 CATCHING ERRORS *catch-errors* |
695b50472e85
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diff
changeset
|
4015 |
695b50472e85
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diff
changeset
|
4016 If you want to catch specific errors, you just have to put the code to be |
695b50472e85
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4017 watched in a try block and add a catch clause for the error message. The |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4018 presence of the try conditional causes all errors to be converted to an |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4019 exception. No message is displayed and |v:errmsg| is not set then. To find |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4020 the right pattern for the ":catch" command, you have to know how the format of |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4021 the error exception is. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4022 Error exceptions have the following format: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4023 |
695b50472e85
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diff
changeset
|
4024 Vim({cmdname}):{errmsg} |
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diff
changeset
|
4025 or > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4026 Vim:{errmsg} |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4027 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4028 {cmdname} is the name of the command that failed; the second form is used when |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4029 the command name is not known. {errmsg} is the error message usually produced |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4030 when the error occurs outside try conditionals. It always begins with |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4031 a capital "E", followed by a two or three-digit error number, a colon, and |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4032 a space. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4033 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4034 Examples: |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4035 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4036 The command > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4037 :unlet novar |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4038 normally produces the error message > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4039 E108: No such variable: "novar" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4040 which is converted inside try conditionals to an exception > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4041 Vim(unlet):E108: No such variable: "novar" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4042 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4043 The command > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4044 :dwim |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4045 normally produces the error message > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4046 E492: Not an editor command: dwim |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4047 which is converted inside try conditionals to an exception > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4048 Vim:E492: Not an editor command: dwim |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4049 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4050 You can catch all ":unlet" errors by a > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4051 :catch /^Vim(unlet):/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4052 or all errors for misspelled command names by a > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4053 :catch /^Vim:E492:/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4054 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4055 Some error messages may be produced by different commands: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4056 :function nofunc |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4057 and > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4058 :delfunction nofunc |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4059 both produce the error message > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4060 E128: Function name must start with a capital: nofunc |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4061 which is converted inside try conditionals to an exception > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4062 Vim(function):E128: Function name must start with a capital: nofunc |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4063 or > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4064 Vim(delfunction):E128: Function name must start with a capital: nofunc |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4065 respectively. You can catch the error by its number independently on the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4066 command that caused it if you use the following pattern: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4067 :catch /^Vim(\a\+):E128:/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4068 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4069 Some commands like > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4070 :let x = novar |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4071 produce multiple error messages, here: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4072 E121: Undefined variable: novar |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4073 E15: Invalid expression: novar |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4074 Only the first is used for the exception value, since it is the most specific |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4075 one (see |except-several-errors|). So you can catch it by > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4076 :catch /^Vim(\a\+):E121:/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4077 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4078 You can catch all errors related to the name "nofunc" by > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4079 :catch /\<nofunc\>/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4080 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4081 You can catch all Vim errors in the ":write" and ":read" commands by > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4082 :catch /^Vim(\(write\|read\)):E\d\+:/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4083 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4084 You can catch all Vim errors by the pattern > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4085 :catch /^Vim\((\a\+)\)\=:E\d\+:/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4086 < |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4087 *catch-text* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4088 NOTE: You should never catch the error message text itself: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4089 :catch /No such variable/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4090 only works in the English locale, but not when the user has selected |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4091 a different language by the |:language| command. It is however helpful to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4092 cite the message text in a comment: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4093 :catch /^Vim(\a\+):E108:/ " No such variable |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4094 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4095 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4096 IGNORING ERRORS *ignore-errors* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4097 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4098 You can ignore errors in a specific Vim command by catching them locally: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4099 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4100 :try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4101 : write |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4102 :catch |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4103 :endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4104 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4105 But you are strongly recommended NOT to use this simple form, since it could |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4106 catch more than you want. With the ":write" command, some autocommands could |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4107 be executed and cause errors not related to writing, for instance: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4108 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4109 :au BufWritePre * unlet novar |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4110 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4111 There could even be such errors you are not responsible for as a script |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4112 writer: a user of your script might have defined such autocommands. You would |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4113 then hide the error from the user. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4114 It is much better to use > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4115 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4116 :try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4117 : write |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4118 :catch /^Vim(write):/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4119 :endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4120 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4121 which only catches real write errors. So catch only what you'd like to ignore |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4122 intentionally. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4123 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4124 For a single command that does not cause execution of autocommands, you could |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4125 even suppress the conversion of errors to exceptions by the ":silent!" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4126 command: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4127 :silent! nunmap k |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4128 This works also when a try conditional is active. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4129 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4130 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4131 CATCHING INTERRUPTS *catch-interrupt* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4132 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4133 When there are active try conditionals, an interrupt (CTRL-C) is converted to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4134 the exception "Vim:Interrupt". You can catch it like every exception. The |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4135 script is not terminated, then. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4136 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4137 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4138 :function! TASK1() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4139 : sleep 10 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4140 :endfunction |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4141 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4142 :function! TASK2() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4143 : sleep 20 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4144 :endfunction |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4145 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4146 :while 1 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4147 : let command = input("Type a command: ") |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4148 : try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4149 : if command == "" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4150 : continue |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4151 : elseif command == "END" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4152 : break |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4153 : elseif command == "TASK1" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4154 : call TASK1() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4155 : elseif command == "TASK2" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4156 : call TASK2() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4157 : else |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4158 : echo "\nIllegal command:" command |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4159 : continue |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4160 : endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4161 : catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4162 : echo "\nCommand interrupted" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4163 : " Caught the interrupt. Continue with next prompt. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4164 : endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4165 :endwhile |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4166 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4167 You can interrupt a task here by pressing CTRL-C; the script then asks for |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4168 a new command. If you press CTRL-C at the prompt, the script is terminated. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4169 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4170 For testing what happens when CTRL-C would be pressed on a specific line in |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4171 your script, use the debug mode and execute the |>quit| or |>interrupt| |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4172 command on that line. See |debug-scripts|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4173 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4174 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4175 CATCHING ALL *catch-all* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4176 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4177 The commands > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4178 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4179 :catch /.*/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4180 :catch // |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4181 :catch |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4182 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4183 catch everything, error exceptions, interrupt exceptions and exceptions |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4184 explicitly thrown by the |:throw| command. This is useful at the top level of |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4185 a script in order to catch unexpected things. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4186 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4187 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4188 :try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4189 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4190 : " do the hard work here |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4191 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4192 :catch /MyException/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4193 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4194 : " handle known problem |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4195 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4196 :catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4197 : echo "Script interrupted" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4198 :catch /.*/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4199 : echo "Internal error (" .. v:exception .. ")" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4200 : echo " - occurred at " .. v:throwpoint |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4201 :endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4202 :" end of script |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4203 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4204 Note: Catching all might catch more things than you want. Thus, you are |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4205 strongly encouraged to catch only for problems that you can really handle by |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4206 specifying a pattern argument to the ":catch". |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4207 Example: Catching all could make it nearly impossible to interrupt a script |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4208 by pressing CTRL-C: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4209 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4210 :while 1 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4211 : try |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4212 : sleep 1 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4213 : catch |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4214 : endtry |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4215 :endwhile |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4216 |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4217 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4218 EXCEPTIONS AND AUTOCOMMANDS *except-autocmd* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4219 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4220 Exceptions may be used during execution of autocommands. Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4221 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4222 :autocmd User x try |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4223 :autocmd User x throw "Oops!" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4224 :autocmd User x catch |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4225 :autocmd User x echo v:exception |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4226 :autocmd User x endtry |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4227 :autocmd User x throw "Arrgh!" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4228 :autocmd User x echo "Should not be displayed" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4229 : |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4230 :try |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4231 : doautocmd User x |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4232 :catch |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4233 : echo v:exception |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4234 :endtry |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4235 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4236 This displays "Oops!" and "Arrgh!". |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4237 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4238 *except-autocmd-Pre* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4239 For some commands, autocommands get executed before the main action of the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4240 command takes place. If an exception is thrown and not caught in the sequence |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4241 of autocommands, the sequence and the command that caused its execution are |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4242 abandoned and the exception is propagated to the caller of the command. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4243 Example: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4244 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4245 :autocmd BufWritePre * throw "FAIL" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4246 :autocmd BufWritePre * echo "Should not be displayed" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4247 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4248 :try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4249 : write |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4250 :catch |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4251 : echo "Caught:" v:exception "from" v:throwpoint |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4252 :endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4253 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4254 Here, the ":write" command does not write the file currently being edited (as |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4255 you can see by checking 'modified'), since the exception from the BufWritePre |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4256 autocommand abandons the ":write". The exception is then caught and the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4257 script displays: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4258 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4259 Caught: FAIL from BufWrite Auto commands for "*" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4260 < |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4261 *except-autocmd-Post* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4262 For some commands, autocommands get executed after the main action of the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4263 command has taken place. If this main action fails and the command is inside |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4264 an active try conditional, the autocommands are skipped and an error exception |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4265 is thrown that can be caught by the caller of the command. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4266 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4267 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4268 :autocmd BufWritePost * echo "File successfully written!" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4269 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4270 :try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4271 : write /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4272 :catch |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4273 : echo v:exception |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4274 :endtry |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4275 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4276 This just displays: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4277 |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4278 Vim(write):E212: Can't open file for writing (/i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4279 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4280 If you really need to execute the autocommands even when the main action |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4281 fails, trigger the event from the catch clause. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4282 Example: > |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4283 |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4284 :autocmd BufWritePre * set noreadonly |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4285 :autocmd BufWritePost * set readonly |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4286 : |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4287 :try |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4288 : write /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4289 :catch |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4290 : doautocmd BufWritePost /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4291 :endtry |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4292 < |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4293 You can also use ":silent!": > |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4294 |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4295 :let x = "ok" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4296 :let v:errmsg = "" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4297 :autocmd BufWritePost * if v:errmsg != "" |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4298 :autocmd BufWritePost * let x = "after fail" |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4299 :autocmd BufWritePost * endif |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4300 :try |
695b50472e85
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4301 : silent! write /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4302 :catch |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4303 :endtry |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4304 :echo x |
695b50472e85
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diff
changeset
|
4305 |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4306 This displays "after fail". |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4307 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4308 If the main action of the command does not fail, exceptions from the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4309 autocommands will be catchable by the caller of the command: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4310 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4311 :autocmd BufWritePost * throw ":-(" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4312 :autocmd BufWritePost * echo "Should not be displayed" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4313 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4314 :try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4315 : write |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4316 :catch |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4317 : echo v:exception |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4318 :endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4319 < |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4320 *except-autocmd-Cmd* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4321 For some commands, the normal action can be replaced by a sequence of |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4322 autocommands. Exceptions from that sequence will be catchable by the caller |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4323 of the command. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4324 Example: For the ":write" command, the caller cannot know whether the file |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4325 had actually been written when the exception occurred. You need to tell it in |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4326 some way. > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4327 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4328 :if !exists("cnt") |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4329 : let cnt = 0 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4330 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4331 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * if &modified |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4332 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * let cnt = cnt + 1 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4333 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * if cnt % 3 == 2 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4334 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * throw "BufWriteCmdError" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4335 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4336 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * write | set nomodified |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4337 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * if cnt % 3 == 0 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4338 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * throw "BufWriteCmdError" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4339 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4340 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * echo "File successfully written!" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4341 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4342 :endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4343 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4344 :try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4345 : write |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4346 :catch /^BufWriteCmdError$/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4347 : if &modified |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4348 : echo "Error on writing (file contents not changed)" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4349 : else |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4350 : echo "Error after writing" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4351 : endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4352 :catch /^Vim(write):/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4353 : echo "Error on writing" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4354 :endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4355 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4356 When this script is sourced several times after making changes, it displays |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4357 first > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4358 File successfully written! |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4359 then > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4360 Error on writing (file contents not changed) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4361 then > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4362 Error after writing |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4363 etc. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4364 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4365 *except-autocmd-ill* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4366 You cannot spread a try conditional over autocommands for different events. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4367 The following code is ill-formed: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4368 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4369 :autocmd BufWritePre * try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4370 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4371 :autocmd BufWritePost * catch |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4372 :autocmd BufWritePost * echo v:exception |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4373 :autocmd BufWritePost * endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4374 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4375 :write |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4376 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4377 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4378 EXCEPTION HIERARCHIES AND PARAMETERIZED EXCEPTIONS *except-hier-param* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4379 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4380 Some programming languages allow to use hierarchies of exception classes or to |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4381 pass additional information with the object of an exception class. You can do |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4382 similar things in Vim. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4383 In order to throw an exception from a hierarchy, just throw the complete |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4384 class name with the components separated by a colon, for instance throw the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4385 string "EXCEPT:MATHERR:OVERFLOW" for an overflow in a mathematical library. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4386 When you want to pass additional information with your exception class, add |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4387 it in parentheses, for instance throw the string "EXCEPT:IO:WRITEERR(myfile)" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4388 for an error when writing "myfile". |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4389 With the appropriate patterns in the ":catch" command, you can catch for |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4390 base classes or derived classes of your hierarchy. Additional information in |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4391 parentheses can be cut out from |v:exception| with the ":substitute" command. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4392 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4393 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4394 :function! CheckRange(a, func) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4395 : if a:a < 0 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4396 : throw "EXCEPT:MATHERR:RANGE(" .. a:func .. ")" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4397 : endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4398 :endfunction |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4399 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4400 :function! Add(a, b) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4401 : call CheckRange(a:a, "Add") |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4402 : call CheckRange(a:b, "Add") |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4403 : let c = a:a + a:b |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4404 : if c < 0 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4405 : throw "EXCEPT:MATHERR:OVERFLOW" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4406 : endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4407 : return c |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4408 :endfunction |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4409 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4410 :function! Div(a, b) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4411 : call CheckRange(a:a, "Div") |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4412 : call CheckRange(a:b, "Div") |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4413 : if (a:b == 0) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4414 : throw "EXCEPT:MATHERR:ZERODIV" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4415 : endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4416 : return a:a / a:b |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4417 :endfunction |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4418 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4419 :function! Write(file) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4420 : try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4421 : execute "write" fnameescape(a:file) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4422 : catch /^Vim(write):/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4423 : throw "EXCEPT:IO(" .. getcwd() .. ", " .. a:file .. "):WRITEERR" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4424 : endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4425 :endfunction |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4426 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4427 :try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4428 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4429 : " something with arithmetic and I/O |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4430 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4431 :catch /^EXCEPT:MATHERR:RANGE/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4432 : let function = substitute(v:exception, '.*(\(\a\+\)).*', '\1', "") |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4433 : echo "Range error in" function |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4434 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4435 :catch /^EXCEPT:MATHERR/ " catches OVERFLOW and ZERODIV |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4436 : echo "Math error" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4437 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4438 :catch /^EXCEPT:IO/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4439 : let dir = substitute(v:exception, '.*(\(.\+\),\s*.\+).*', '\1', "") |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4440 : let file = substitute(v:exception, '.*(.\+,\s*\(.\+\)).*', '\1', "") |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4441 : if file !~ '^/' |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4442 : let file = dir .. "/" .. file |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4443 : endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4444 : echo 'I/O error for "' .. file .. '"' |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4445 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4446 :catch /^EXCEPT/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4447 : echo "Unspecified error" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4448 : |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4449 :endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4450 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4451 The exceptions raised by Vim itself (on error or when pressing CTRL-C) use |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4452 a flat hierarchy: they are all in the "Vim" class. You cannot throw yourself |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4453 exceptions with the "Vim" prefix; they are reserved for Vim. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4454 Vim error exceptions are parameterized with the name of the command that |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4455 failed, if known. See |catch-errors|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4456 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4457 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4458 PECULIARITIES |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4459 *except-compat* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4460 The exception handling concept requires that the command sequence causing the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4461 exception is aborted immediately and control is transferred to finally clauses |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4462 and/or a catch clause. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4463 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4464 In the Vim script language there are cases where scripts and functions |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4465 continue after an error: in functions without the "abort" flag or in a command |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4466 after ":silent!", control flow goes to the following line, and outside |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4467 functions, control flow goes to the line following the outermost ":endwhile" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4468 or ":endif". On the other hand, errors should be catchable as exceptions |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4469 (thus, requiring the immediate abortion). |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4470 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4471 This problem has been solved by converting errors to exceptions and using |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4472 immediate abortion (if not suppressed by ":silent!") only when a try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4473 conditional is active. This is no restriction since an (error) exception can |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4474 be caught only from an active try conditional. If you want an immediate |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4475 termination without catching the error, just use a try conditional without |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4476 catch clause. (You can cause cleanup code being executed before termination |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4477 by specifying a finally clause.) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4478 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4479 When no try conditional is active, the usual abortion and continuation |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4480 behavior is used instead of immediate abortion. This ensures compatibility of |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4481 scripts written for Vim 6.1 and earlier. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4482 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4483 However, when sourcing an existing script that does not use exception handling |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4484 commands (or when calling one of its functions) from inside an active try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4485 conditional of a new script, you might change the control flow of the existing |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4486 script on error. You get the immediate abortion on error and can catch the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4487 error in the new script. If however the sourced script suppresses error |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4488 messages by using the ":silent!" command (checking for errors by testing |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4489 |v:errmsg| if appropriate), its execution path is not changed. The error is |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4490 not converted to an exception. (See |:silent|.) So the only remaining cause |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4491 where this happens is for scripts that don't care about errors and produce |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4492 error messages. You probably won't want to use such code from your new |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4493 scripts. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4494 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4495 *except-syntax-err* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4496 Syntax errors in the exception handling commands are never caught by any of |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4497 the ":catch" commands of the try conditional they belong to. Its finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4498 clauses, however, is executed. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4499 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4500 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4501 :try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4502 : try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4503 : throw 4711 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4504 : catch /\(/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4505 : echo "in catch with syntax error" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4506 : catch |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4507 : echo "inner catch-all" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4508 : finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4509 : echo "inner finally" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4510 : endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4511 :catch |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4512 : echo 'outer catch-all caught "' .. v:exception .. '"' |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4513 : finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4514 : echo "outer finally" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4515 :endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4516 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4517 This displays: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4518 inner finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4519 outer catch-all caught "Vim(catch):E54: Unmatched \(" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4520 outer finally |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4521 The original exception is discarded and an error exception is raised, instead. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4522 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4523 *except-single-line* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4524 The ":try", ":catch", ":finally", and ":endtry" commands can be put on |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4525 a single line, but then syntax errors may make it difficult to recognize the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4526 "catch" line, thus you better avoid this. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4527 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4528 :try | unlet! foo # | catch | endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4529 raises an error exception for the trailing characters after the ":unlet!" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4530 argument, but does not see the ":catch" and ":endtry" commands, so that the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4531 error exception is discarded and the "E488: Trailing characters" message gets |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4532 displayed. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4533 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4534 *except-several-errors* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4535 When several errors appear in a single command, the first error message is |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4536 usually the most specific one and therefore converted to the error exception. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4537 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4538 echo novar |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4539 causes > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4540 E121: Undefined variable: novar |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4541 E15: Invalid expression: novar |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4542 The value of the error exception inside try conditionals is: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4543 Vim(echo):E121: Undefined variable: novar |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4544 < *except-syntax-error* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4545 But when a syntax error is detected after a normal error in the same command, |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4546 the syntax error is used for the exception being thrown. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4547 Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4548 unlet novar # |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4549 causes > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4550 E108: No such variable: "novar" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4551 E488: Trailing characters |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4552 The value of the error exception inside try conditionals is: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4553 Vim(unlet):E488: Trailing characters |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4554 This is done because the syntax error might change the execution path in a way |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4555 not intended by the user. Example: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4556 try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4557 try | unlet novar # | catch | echo v:exception | endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4558 catch /.*/ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4559 echo "outer catch:" v:exception |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4560 endtry |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4561 This displays "outer catch: Vim(unlet):E488: Trailing characters", and then |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4562 a "E600: Missing :endtry" error message is given, see |except-single-line|. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4563 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4564 ============================================================================== |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4565 9. Examples *eval-examples* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4566 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4567 Printing in Binary ~ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4568 > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4569 :" The function Nr2Bin() returns the binary string representation of a number. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4570 :func Nr2Bin(nr) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4571 : let n = a:nr |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4572 : let r = "" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4573 : while n |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4574 : let r = '01'[n % 2] .. r |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4575 : let n = n / 2 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4576 : endwhile |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4577 : return r |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4578 :endfunc |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4579 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4580 :" The function String2Bin() converts each character in a string to a |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4581 :" binary string, separated with dashes. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4582 :func String2Bin(str) |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4583 : let out = '' |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4584 : for ix in range(strlen(a:str)) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4585 : let out = out .. '-' .. Nr2Bin(char2nr(a:str[ix])) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4586 : endfor |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4587 : return out[1:] |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4588 :endfunc |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4589 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4590 Example of its use: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4591 :echo Nr2Bin(32) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4592 result: "100000" > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4593 :echo String2Bin("32") |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4594 result: "110011-110010" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4595 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4596 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4597 Sorting lines ~ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4598 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4599 This example sorts lines with a specific compare function. > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4600 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4601 :func SortBuffer() |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4602 : let lines = getline(1, '$') |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4603 : call sort(lines, function("Strcmp")) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4604 : call setline(1, lines) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4605 :endfunction |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4606 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4607 As a one-liner: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4608 :call setline(1, sort(getline(1, '$'), function("Strcmp"))) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4609 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4610 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4611 scanf() replacement ~ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4612 *sscanf* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4613 There is no sscanf() function in Vim. If you need to extract parts from a |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4614 line, you can use matchstr() and substitute() to do it. This example shows |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4615 how to get the file name, line number and column number out of a line like |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4616 "foobar.txt, 123, 45". > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4617 :" Set up the match bit |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4618 :let mx='\(\f\+\),\s*\(\d\+\),\s*\(\d\+\)' |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4619 :"get the part matching the whole expression |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4620 :let l = matchstr(line, mx) |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4621 :"get each item out of the match |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4622 :let file = substitute(l, mx, '\1', '') |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4623 :let lnum = substitute(l, mx, '\2', '') |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4624 :let col = substitute(l, mx, '\3', '') |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4625 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4626 The input is in the variable "line", the results in the variables "file", |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4627 "lnum" and "col". (idea from Michael Geddes) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4628 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4629 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4630 getting the scriptnames in a Dictionary ~ |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4631 *scriptnames-dictionary* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4632 The `:scriptnames` command can be used to get a list of all script files that |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4633 have been sourced. There is also the `getscriptinfo()` function, but the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4634 information returned is not exactly the same. In case you need to manipulate |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4635 the list, this code can be used as a base: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4636 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4637 # Create or update scripts dictionary, indexed by SNR, and return it. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4638 def Scripts(scripts: dict<string> = {}): dict<string> |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4639 for info in getscriptinfo() |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4640 if scripts->has_key(info.sid) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4641 continue |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4642 endif |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4643 scripts[info.sid] = info.name |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4644 endfor |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4645 return scripts |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4646 enddef |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4647 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4648 ============================================================================== |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4649 10. Vim script versions *vimscript-version* *vimscript-versions* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4650 *scriptversion* |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4651 Over time many features have been added to Vim script. This includes Ex |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4652 commands, functions, variable types, etc. Each individual feature can be |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4653 checked with the |has()| and |exists()| functions. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4654 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4655 Sometimes old syntax of functionality gets in the way of making Vim better. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4656 When support is taken away this will break older Vim scripts. To make this |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4657 explicit the |:scriptversion| command can be used. When a Vim script is not |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4658 compatible with older versions of Vim this will give an explicit error, |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4659 instead of failing in mysterious ways. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4660 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4661 When using a legacy function, defined with `:function`, in |Vim9| script then |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4662 scriptversion 4 is used. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4663 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4664 *scriptversion-1* > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4665 :scriptversion 1 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4666 < This is the original Vim script, same as not using a |:scriptversion| |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4667 command. Can be used to go back to old syntax for a range of lines. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4668 Test for support with: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4669 has('vimscript-1') |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4670 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4671 < *scriptversion-2* > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4672 :scriptversion 2 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4673 < String concatenation with "." is not supported, use ".." instead. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4674 This avoids the ambiguity using "." for Dict member access and |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4675 floating point numbers. Now ".5" means the number 0.5. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4676 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4677 *scriptversion-3* > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4678 :scriptversion 3 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4679 < All |vim-variable|s must be prefixed by "v:". E.g. "version" doesn't |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4680 work as |v:version| anymore, it can be used as a normal variable. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4681 Same for some obvious names as "count" and others. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4682 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4683 Test for support with: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4684 has('vimscript-3') |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4685 < |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4686 *scriptversion-4* > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4687 :scriptversion 4 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4688 < Numbers with a leading zero are not recognized as octal. "0o" or "0O" |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4689 is still recognized as octal. With the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4690 previous version you get: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4691 echo 017 " displays 15 (octal) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4692 echo 0o17 " displays 15 (octal) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4693 echo 018 " displays 18 (decimal) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4694 < with script version 4: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4695 echo 017 " displays 17 (decimal) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4696 echo 0o17 " displays 15 (octal) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4697 echo 018 " displays 18 (decimal) |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4698 < Also, it is possible to use single quotes inside numbers to make them |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4699 easier to read: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4700 echo 1'000'000 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4701 < The quotes must be surrounded by digits. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4702 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4703 Test for support with: > |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4704 has('vimscript-4') |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4705 |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4706 ============================================================================== |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4707 11. No +eval feature *no-eval-feature* |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4708 |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4709 When the |+eval| feature was disabled at compile time, none of the expression |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4710 evaluation commands are available. To prevent this from causing Vim scripts |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4711 to generate all kinds of errors, the ":if" and ":endif" commands are still |
695b50472e85
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4712 recognized, though the argument of the ":if" and everything between the ":if" |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4713 and the matching ":endif" is ignored. Nesting of ":if" blocks is allowed, but |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4714 only if the commands are at the start of the line. The ":else" command is not |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4715 recognized. |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4716 |
695b50472e85
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4717 Example of how to avoid executing commands when the |+eval| feature is |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
4718 missing: > |
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|
4719 |
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4720 :if 1 |
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4721 : echo "Expression evaluation is compiled in" |
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|
4722 :else |
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4723 : echo "You will _never_ see this message" |
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|
4724 :endif |
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|
4725 |
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|
4726 To execute a command only when the |+eval| feature is disabled can be done in |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4727 two ways. The simplest is to exit the script (or Vim) prematurely: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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changeset
|
4728 if 1 |
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4729 echo "commands executed with +eval" |
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|
4730 finish |
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4731 endif |
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4732 args " command executed without +eval |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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|
4733 |
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|
4734 If you do not want to abort loading the script you can use a trick, as this |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
4735 example shows: > |
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changeset
|
4736 |
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|
4737 silent! while 0 |
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|
4738 set history=111 |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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|
4739 silent! endwhile |
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changeset
|
4740 |
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Fix line endings issue
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changeset
|
4741 When the |+eval| feature is available the command is skipped because of the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4742 "while 0". Without the |+eval| feature the "while 0" is an error, which is |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
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|
4743 silently ignored, and the command is executed. |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4744 |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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changeset
|
4745 ============================================================================== |
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changeset
|
4746 12. The sandbox *eval-sandbox* *sandbox* |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4747 |
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changeset
|
4748 The 'foldexpr', 'formatexpr', 'includeexpr', 'indentexpr', 'statusline' and |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4749 'foldtext' options may be evaluated in a sandbox. This means that you are |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4750 protected from these expressions having nasty side effects. This gives some |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
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|
4751 safety for when these options are set from a modeline. It is also used when |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4752 the command from a tags file is executed and for CTRL-R = in the command line. |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4753 The sandbox is also used for the |:sandbox| command. |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4754 *E48* |
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|
4755 These items are not allowed in the sandbox: |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
4756 - changing the buffer text |
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parents:
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changeset
|
4757 - defining or changing mapping, autocommands, user commands |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4758 - setting certain options (see |option-summary|) |
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|
4759 - setting certain v: variables (see |v:var|) *E794* |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
4760 - executing a shell command |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4761 - reading or writing a file |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4762 - jumping to another buffer or editing a file |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
4763 - executing Python, Perl, etc. commands |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
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|
4764 This is not guaranteed 100% secure, but it should block most attacks. |
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diff
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|
4765 |
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changeset
|
4766 *:san* *:sandbox* |
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|
4767 :san[dbox] {cmd} Execute {cmd} in the sandbox. Useful to evaluate an |
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|
4768 option that may have been set from a modeline, e.g. |
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|
4769 'foldexpr'. |
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changeset
|
4770 |
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changeset
|
4771 *sandbox-option* |
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|
4772 A few options contain an expression. When this expression is evaluated it may |
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|
4773 have to be done in the sandbox to avoid a security risk. But the sandbox is |
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|
4774 restrictive, thus this only happens when the option was set from an insecure |
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|
4775 location. Insecure in this context are: |
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|
4776 - sourcing a .vimrc or .exrc in the current directory |
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|
4777 - while executing in the sandbox |
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|
4778 - value coming from a modeline |
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|
4779 - executing a function that was defined in the sandbox |
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|
4780 |
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changeset
|
4781 Note that when in the sandbox and saving an option value and restoring it, the |
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|
4782 option will still be marked as it was set in the sandbox. |
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|
4783 |
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changeset
|
4784 ============================================================================== |
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|
4785 13. Textlock *textlock* |
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|
4786 |
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changeset
|
4787 In a few situations it is not allowed to change the text in the buffer, jump |
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|
4788 to another window and some other things that might confuse or break what Vim |
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changeset
|
4789 is currently doing. This mostly applies to things that happen when Vim is |
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|
4790 actually doing something else. For example, evaluating the 'balloonexpr' may |
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changeset
|
4791 happen any moment the mouse cursor is resting at some position. |
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|
4792 |
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changeset
|
4793 This is not allowed when the textlock is active: |
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|
4794 - changing the buffer text |
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changeset
|
4795 - jumping to another buffer or window |
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changeset
|
4796 - editing another file |
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changeset
|
4797 - closing a window or quitting Vim |
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|
4798 - etc. |
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|
4799 |
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changeset
|
4800 |
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|
4801 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |