vim: runtime/doc/eval.txt annotate

annotate runtime/doc/eval.txt @ 32670:695b50472e85

Fix line endings issue

author	Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
date	Mon, 26 Jun 2023 13:13:12 +0200
parents	448aef880252
children	c517845bd10e

rev	line source
32670 695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1 eval.txt For Vim version 9.0. Last change: 2023 Jun 01
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	5
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	6
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	7 Expression evaluation expression expr E15 eval
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	8 E1002
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	9 Using expressions is introduced in chapter 41 of the user manual \|usr_41.txt\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	10
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	11 Note: Expression evaluation can be disabled at compile time. If this has been
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	12 done, the features in this document are not available. See \|+eval\| and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	13 \|no-eval-feature\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	14
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	15 This file is mainly about the backwards compatible (legacy) Vim script. For
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	16 specifics of Vim9 script, which can execute much faster, supports type
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	17 checking and much more, see \|vim9.txt\|. Where the syntax or semantics differ
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	18 a remark is given.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	19
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	20 1. Variables \|variables\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	21 1.1 Variable types
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	22 1.2 Function references \|Funcref\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	23 1.3 Lists \|Lists\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	24 1.4 Dictionaries \|Dictionaries\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	25 1.5 Blobs \|Blobs\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	26 1.6 More about variables \|more-variables\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	27 2. Expression syntax \|expression-syntax\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	28 3. Internal variable \|internal-variables\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	29 4. Builtin Functions \|functions\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	30 5. Defining functions \|user-functions\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	31 6. Curly braces names \|curly-braces-names\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	32 7. Commands \|expression-commands\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	33 8. Exception handling \|exception-handling\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	34 9. Examples \|eval-examples\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	35 10. Vim script version \|vimscript-version\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	36 11. No +eval feature \|no-eval-feature\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	37 12. The sandbox \|eval-sandbox\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	38 13. Textlock \|textlock\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	39
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	40 Testing support is documented in \|testing.txt\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	41 Profiling is documented at \|profiling\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	42
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	43 ==============================================================================
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	44 1. Variables variables
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	45
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	46 1.1 Variable types ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	47 E712 E896 E897 E899 E1098
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	48 E1107 E1135 E1138
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	49 There are ten types of variables:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	50
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	51 Number Integer
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	52 Number A 32 or 64 bit signed number. \|expr-number\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	53 The number of bits is available in \|v:numbersize\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	54 Examples: -123 0x10 0177 0o177 0b1011
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	55
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	56 Float A floating point number. \|floating-point-format\| Float
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	57 Examples: 123.456 1.15e-6 -1.1e3
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	58
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	59 String A NUL terminated string of 8-bit unsigned characters (bytes).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	60 \|expr-string\| Examples: "ab\txx\"--" 'x-z''a,c'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	61
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	62 List An ordered sequence of items, see \|List\| for details.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	63 Example: [1, 2, ['a', 'b']]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	64
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	65 Dictionary An associative, unordered array: Each entry has a key and a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	66 value. \|Dictionary\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	67 Examples:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	68 {'blue': "#0000ff", 'red': "#ff0000"}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	69 #{blue: "#0000ff", red: "#ff0000"}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	70
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	71 Funcref A reference to a function \|Funcref\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	72 Example: function("strlen")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	73 It can be bound to a dictionary and arguments, it then works
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	74 like a Partial.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	75 Example: function("Callback", [arg], myDict)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	76
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	77 Special \|v:false\|, \|v:true\|, \|v:none\| and \|v:null\|. Special
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	78
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	79 Job Used for a job, see \|job_start()\|. Job Jobs
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	80
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	81 Channel Used for a channel, see \|ch_open()\|. Channel Channels
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	82
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	83 Blob Binary Large Object. Stores any sequence of bytes. See \|Blob\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	84 for details
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	85 Example: 0zFF00ED015DAF
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	86 0z is an empty Blob.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	87
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	88 The Number and String types are converted automatically, depending on how they
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	89 are used.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	90
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	91 Conversion from a Number to a String is by making the ASCII representation of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	92 the Number. Examples:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	93 Number 123 --> String "123" ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	94 Number 0 --> String "0" ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	95 Number -1 --> String "-1" ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	96 octal
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	97 Conversion from a String to a Number only happens in legacy Vim script, not in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	98 Vim9 script. It is done by converting the first digits to a number.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	99 Hexadecimal "0xf9", Octal "017" or "0o17", and Binary "0b10"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	100 numbers are recognized
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	101 NOTE: when using \|Vim9\| script or \|scriptversion-4\| octal with a leading "0"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	102 is not recognized. The 0o notation requires patch 8.2.0886.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	103 If the String doesn't start with digits, the result is zero.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	104 Examples:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	105 String "456" --> Number 456 ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	106 String "6bar" --> Number 6 ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	107 String "foo" --> Number 0 ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	108 String "0xf1" --> Number 241 ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	109 String "0100" --> Number 64 ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	110 String "0o100" --> Number 64 ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	111 String "0b101" --> Number 5 ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	112 String "-8" --> Number -8 ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	113 String "+8" --> Number 0 ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	114
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	115 To force conversion from String to Number, add zero to it: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	116 :echo "0100" + 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	117 < 64 ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	118
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	119 To avoid a leading zero to cause octal conversion, or for using a different
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	120 base, use \|str2nr()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	121
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	122 TRUE FALSE Boolean
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	123 For boolean operators Numbers are used. Zero is FALSE, non-zero is TRUE.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	124 You can also use \|v:false\| and \|v:true\|, in Vim9 script \|false\| and \|true\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	125 When TRUE is returned from a function it is the Number one, FALSE is the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	126 number zero.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	127
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	128 Note that in the command: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	129 :if "foo"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	130 :" NOT executed
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	131 "foo" is converted to 0, which means FALSE. If the string starts with a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	132 non-zero number it means TRUE: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	133 :if "8foo"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	134 :" executed
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	135 To test for a non-empty string, use empty(): >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	136 :if !empty("foo")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	137
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	138 < falsy truthy
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	139 An expression can be used as a condition, ignoring the type and only using
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	140 whether the value is "sort of true" or "sort of false". Falsy is:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	141 the number zero
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	142 empty string, blob, list or dictionary
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	143 Other values are truthy. Examples:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	144 0 falsy
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	145 1 truthy
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	146 -1 truthy
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	147 0.0 falsy
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	148 0.1 truthy
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	149 '' falsy
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	150 'x' truthy
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	151 [] falsy
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	152 [0] truthy
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	153 {} falsy
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	154 #{x: 1} truthy
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	155 0z falsy
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	156 0z00 truthy
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	157
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	158 non-zero-arg
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	159 Function arguments often behave slightly different from \|TRUE\|: If the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	160 argument is present and it evaluates to a non-zero Number, \|v:true\| or a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	161 non-empty String, then the value is considered to be TRUE.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	162 Note that " " and "0" are also non-empty strings, thus considered to be TRUE.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	163 A List, Dictionary or Float is not a Number or String, thus evaluate to FALSE.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	164
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	165 E611 E745 E728 E703 E729 E730 E731 E908 E910
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	166 E913 E974 E975 E976 E1319 E1320 E1321 E1322
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	167 E1323 E1324
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	168 \|List\|, \|Dictionary\|, \|Funcref\|, \|Job\|, \|Channel\|, \|Blob\|, \|Class\| and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	169 \|object\| types are not automatically converted.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	170
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	171 E805 E806 E808
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	172 When mixing Number and Float the Number is converted to Float. Otherwise
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	173 there is no automatic conversion of Float. You can use str2float() for String
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	174 to Float, printf() for Float to String and float2nr() for Float to Number.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	175
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	176 E362 E891 E892 E893 E894 E907 E911 E914
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	177 When expecting a Float a Number can also be used, but nothing else.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	178
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	179 no-type-checking
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	180 You will not get an error if you try to change the type of a variable.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	181
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	182
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	183 1.2 Function references ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	184 Funcref E695 E718 E1192
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	185 A Funcref variable is obtained with the \|function()\| function, the \|funcref()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	186 function, (in \|Vim9\| script) the name of a function, or created with the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	187 lambda expression \|expr-lambda\|. It can be used in an expression in the place
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	188 of a function name, before the parenthesis around the arguments, to invoke the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	189 function it refers to. Example in \|Vim9\| script: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	190
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	191 :var Fn = MyFunc
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	192 :echo Fn()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	193
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	194 Legacy script: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	195 :let Fn = function("MyFunc")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	196 :echo Fn()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	197 < E704 E705 E707
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	198 A Funcref variable must start with a capital, "s:", "w:", "t:" or "b:". You
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	199 can use "g:" but the following name must still start with a capital. You
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	200 cannot have both a Funcref variable and a function with the same name.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	201
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	202 A special case is defining a function and directly assigning its Funcref to a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	203 Dictionary entry. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	204 :function dict.init() dict
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	205 : let self.val = 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	206 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	207
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	208 The key of the Dictionary can start with a lower case letter. The actual
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	209 function name is not used here. Also see \|numbered-function\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	210
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	211 A Funcref can also be used with the \|:call\| command: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	212 :call Fn()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	213 :call dict.init()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	214
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	215 The name of the referenced function can be obtained with \|string()\|. >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	216 :let func = string(Fn)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	217
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	218 You can use \|call()\| to invoke a Funcref and use a list variable for the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	219 arguments: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	220 :let r = call(Fn, mylist)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	221 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	222 Partial
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	223 A Funcref optionally binds a Dictionary and/or arguments. This is also called
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	224 a Partial. This is created by passing the Dictionary and/or arguments to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	225 function() or funcref(). When calling the function the Dictionary and/or
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	226 arguments will be passed to the function. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	227
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	228 let Cb = function('Callback', ['foo'], myDict)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	229 call Cb('bar')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	230
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	231 This will invoke the function as if using: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	232 call myDict.Callback('foo', 'bar')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	233
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	234 This is very useful when passing a function around, e.g. in the arguments of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	235 \|ch_open()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	236
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	237 Note that binding a function to a Dictionary also happens when the function is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	238 a member of the Dictionary: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	239
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	240 let myDict.myFunction = MyFunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	241 call myDict.myFunction()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	242
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	243 Here MyFunction() will get myDict passed as "self". This happens when the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	244 "myFunction" member is accessed. When making assigning "myFunction" to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	245 otherDict and calling it, it will be bound to otherDict: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	246
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	247 let otherDict.myFunction = myDict.myFunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	248 call otherDict.myFunction()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	249
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	250 Now "self" will be "otherDict". But when the dictionary was bound explicitly
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	251 this won't happen: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	252
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	253 let myDict.myFunction = function(MyFunction, myDict)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	254 let otherDict.myFunction = myDict.myFunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	255 call otherDict.myFunction()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	256
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	257 Here "self" will be "myDict", because it was bound explicitly.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	258
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	259
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	260 1.3 Lists ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	261 list List Lists E686
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	262 A List is an ordered sequence of items. An item can be of any type. Items
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	263 can be accessed by their index number. Items can be added and removed at any
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	264 position in the sequence.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	265
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	266
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	267 List creation ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	268 E696 E697
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	269 A List is created with a comma-separated list of items in square brackets.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	270 Examples: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	271 :let mylist = [1, two, 3, "four"]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	272 :let emptylist = []
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	273
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	274 An item can be any expression. Using a List for an item creates a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	275 List of Lists: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	276 :let nestlist = [[11, 12], [21, 22], [31, 32]]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	277
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	278 An extra comma after the last item is ignored.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	279
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	280
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	281 List index ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	282 list-index E684
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	283 An item in the List can be accessed by putting the index in square brackets
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	284 after the List. Indexes are zero-based, thus the first item has index zero. >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	285 :let item = mylist[0] " get the first item: 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	286 :let item = mylist[2] " get the third item: 3
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	287
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	288 When the resulting item is a list this can be repeated: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	289 :let item = nestlist[0][1] " get the first list, second item: 12
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	290 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	291 A negative index is counted from the end. Index -1 refers to the last item in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	292 the List, -2 to the last but one item, etc. >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	293 :let last = mylist[-1] " get the last item: "four"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	294
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	295 To avoid an error for an invalid index use the \|get()\| function. When an item
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	296 is not available it returns zero or the default value you specify: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	297 :echo get(mylist, idx)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	298 :echo get(mylist, idx, "NONE")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	299
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	300
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	301 List concatenation ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	302 list-concatenation
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	303 Two lists can be concatenated with the "+" operator: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	304 :let longlist = mylist + [5, 6]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	305 :let mylist += [7, 8]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	306
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	307 To prepend or append an item, turn the item into a list by putting [] around
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	308 it. To change a list in-place, refer to \|list-modification\| below.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	309
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	310
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	311 Sublist ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	312 sublist
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	313 A part of the List can be obtained by specifying the first and last index,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	314 separated by a colon in square brackets: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	315 :let shortlist = mylist[2:-1] " get List [3, "four"]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	316
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	317 Omitting the first index is similar to zero. Omitting the last index is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	318 similar to -1. >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	319 :let endlist = mylist[2:] " from item 2 to the end: [3, "four"]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	320 :let shortlist = mylist[2:2] " List with one item: [3]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	321 :let otherlist = mylist[:] " make a copy of the List
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	322
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	323 Notice that the last index is inclusive. If you prefer using an exclusive
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	324 index use the \|slice()\| method.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	325
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	326 If the first index is beyond the last item of the List or the second item is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	327 before the first item, the result is an empty list. There is no error
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	328 message.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	329
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	330 If the second index is equal to or greater than the length of the list the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	331 length minus one is used: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	332 :let mylist = [0, 1, 2, 3]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	333 :echo mylist[2:8] " result: [2, 3]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	334
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	335 NOTE: mylist[s:e] means using the variable "s:e" as index. Watch out for
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	336 using a single letter variable before the ":". Insert a space when needed:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	337 mylist[s : e].
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	338
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	339
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	340 List identity ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	341 list-identity
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	342 When variable "aa" is a list and you assign it to another variable "bb", both
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	343 variables refer to the same list. Thus changing the list "aa" will also
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	344 change "bb": >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	345 :let aa = [1, 2, 3]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	346 :let bb = aa
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	347 :call add(aa, 4)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	348 :echo bb
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	349 < [1, 2, 3, 4]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	350
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	351 Making a copy of a list is done with the \|copy()\| function. Using [:] also
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	352 works, as explained above. This creates a shallow copy of the list: Changing
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	353 a list item in the list will also change the item in the copied list: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	354 :let aa = [[1, 'a'], 2, 3]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	355 :let bb = copy(aa)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	356 :call add(aa, 4)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	357 :let aa[0][1] = 'aaa'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	358 :echo aa
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	359 < [[1, aaa], 2, 3, 4] >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	360 :echo bb
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	361 < [[1, aaa], 2, 3]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	362
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	363 To make a completely independent list use \|deepcopy()\|. This also makes a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	364 copy of the values in the list, recursively. Up to a hundred levels deep.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	365
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	366 The operator "is" can be used to check if two variables refer to the same
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	367 List. "isnot" does the opposite. In contrast "==" compares if two lists have
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	368 the same value. >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	369 :let alist = [1, 2, 3]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	370 :let blist = [1, 2, 3]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	371 :echo alist is blist
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	372 < 0 >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	373 :echo alist == blist
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	374 < 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	375
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	376 Note about comparing lists: Two lists are considered equal if they have the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	377 same length and all items compare equal, as with using "==". There is one
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	378 exception: When comparing a number with a string they are considered
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	379 different. There is no automatic type conversion, as with using "==" on
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	380 variables. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	381 echo 4 == "4"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	382 < 1 >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	383 echo [4] == ["4"]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	384 < 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	385
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	386 Thus comparing Lists is more strict than comparing numbers and strings. You
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	387 can compare simple values this way too by putting them in a list: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	388
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	389 :let a = 5
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	390 :let b = "5"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	391 :echo a == b
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	392 < 1 >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	393 :echo [a] == [b]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	394 < 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	395
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	396
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	397 List unpack ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	398
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	399 To unpack the items in a list to individual variables, put the variables in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	400 square brackets, like list items: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	401 :let [var1, var2] = mylist
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	402
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	403 When the number of variables does not match the number of items in the list
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	404 this produces an error. To handle any extra items from the list append ";"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	405 and a variable name: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	406 :let [var1, var2; rest] = mylist
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	407
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	408 This works like: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	409 :let var1 = mylist[0]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	410 :let var2 = mylist[1]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	411 :let rest = mylist[2:]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	412
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	413 Except that there is no error if there are only two items. "rest" will be an
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	414 empty list then.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	415
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	416
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	417 List modification ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	418 list-modification
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	419 To change a specific item of a list use \|:let\| this way: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	420 :let list[4] = "four"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	421 :let listlist[0][3] = item
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	422
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	423 To change part of a list you can specify the first and last item to be
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	424 modified. The value must at least have the number of items in the range: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	425 :let list[3:5] = [3, 4, 5]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	426
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	427 Adding and removing items from a list is done with functions. Here are a few
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	428 examples: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	429 :call insert(list, 'a') " prepend item 'a'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	430 :call insert(list, 'a', 3) " insert item 'a' before list[3]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	431 :call add(list, "new") " append String item
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	432 :call add(list, [1, 2]) " append a List as one new item
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	433 :call extend(list, [1, 2]) " extend the list with two more items
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	434 :let i = remove(list, 3) " remove item 3
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	435 :unlet list[3] " idem
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	436 :let l = remove(list, 3, -1) " remove items 3 to last item
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	437 :unlet list[3 : ] " idem
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	438 :call filter(list, 'v:val !~ "x"') " remove items with an 'x'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	439
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	440 Changing the order of items in a list: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	441 :call sort(list) " sort a list alphabetically
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	442 :call reverse(list) " reverse the order of items
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	443 :call uniq(sort(list)) " sort and remove duplicates
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	444
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	445
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	446 For loop ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	447
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	448 The \|:for\| loop executes commands for each item in a List, String or Blob.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	449 A variable is set to each item in sequence. Example with a List: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	450 :for item in mylist
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	451 : call Doit(item)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	452 :endfor
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	453
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	454 This works like: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	455 :let index = 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	456 :while index < len(mylist)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	457 : let item = mylist[index]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	458 : :call Doit(item)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	459 : let index = index + 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	460 :endwhile
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	461
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	462 If all you want to do is modify each item in the list then the \|map()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	463 function will be a simpler method than a for loop.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	464
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	465 Just like the \|:let\| command, \|:for\| also accepts a list of variables. This
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	466 requires the argument to be a List of Lists. >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	467 :for [lnum, col] in [[1, 3], [2, 8], [3, 0]]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	468 : call Doit(lnum, col)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	469 :endfor
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	470
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	471 This works like a \|:let\| command is done for each list item. Again, the types
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	472 must remain the same to avoid an error.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	473
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	474 It is also possible to put remaining items in a List variable: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	475 :for [i, j; rest] in listlist
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	476 : call Doit(i, j)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	477 : if !empty(rest)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	478 : echo "remainder: " .. string(rest)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	479 : endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	480 :endfor
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	481
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	482 For a Blob one byte at a time is used.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	483
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	484 For a String one character, including any composing characters, is used as a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	485 String. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	486 for c in text
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	487 echo 'This character is ' .. c
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	488 endfor
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	489
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	490
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	491 List functions ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	492 E714
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	493 Functions that are useful with a List: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	494 :let r = call(funcname, list) " call a function with an argument list
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	495 :if empty(list) " check if list is empty
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	496 :let l = len(list) " number of items in list
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	497 :let big = max(list) " maximum value in list
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	498 :let small = min(list) " minimum value in list
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	499 :let xs = count(list, 'x') " count nr of times 'x' appears in list
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	500 :let i = index(list, 'x') " index of first 'x' in list
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	501 :let lines = getline(1, 10) " get ten text lines from buffer
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	502 :call append('$', lines) " append text lines in buffer
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	503 :let list = split("a b c") " create list from items in a string
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	504 :let string = join(list, ', ') " create string from list items
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	505 :let s = string(list) " String representation of list
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	506 :call map(list, '">> " .. v:val') " prepend ">> " to each item
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	507
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	508 Don't forget that a combination of features can make things simple. For
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	509 example, to add up all the numbers in a list: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	510 :exe 'let sum = ' .. join(nrlist, '+')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	511
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	512
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	513 1.4 Dictionaries ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	514 dict Dict Dictionaries Dictionary
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	515 A Dictionary is an associative array: Each entry has a key and a value. The
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	516 entry can be located with the key. The entries are stored without a specific
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	517 ordering.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	518
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	519
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	520 Dictionary creation ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	521 E720 E721 E722 E723
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	522 A Dictionary is created with a comma-separated list of entries in curly
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	523 braces. Each entry has a key and a value, separated by a colon. Each key can
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	524 only appear once. Examples: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	525 :let mydict = {1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	526 :let emptydict = {}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	527 < E713 E716 E717
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	528 A key is always a String. You can use a Number, it will be converted to a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	529 String automatically. Thus the String '4' and the number 4 will find the same
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	530 entry. Note that the String '04' and the Number 04 are different, since the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	531 Number will be converted to the String '4', leading zeros are dropped. The
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	532 empty string can also be used as a key.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	533
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	534 In \|Vim9\| script a literal key can be used if it consists only of alphanumeric
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	535 characters, underscore and dash, see \|vim9-literal-dict\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	536 literal-Dict #{}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	537 To avoid having to put quotes around every key the #{} form can be used in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	538 legacy script. This does require the key to consist only of ASCII letters,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	539 digits, '-' and '_'. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	540 :let mydict = #{zero: 0, one_key: 1, two-key: 2, 333: 3}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	541 Note that 333 here is the string "333". Empty keys are not possible with #{}.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	542 In \|Vim9\| script the #{} form cannot be used because it can be confused with
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	543 the start of a comment.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	544
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	545 A value can be any expression. Using a Dictionary for a value creates a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	546 nested Dictionary: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	547 :let nestdict = {1: {11: 'a', 12: 'b'}, 2: {21: 'c'}}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	548
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	549 An extra comma after the last entry is ignored.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	550
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	551
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	552 Accessing entries ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	553
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	554 The normal way to access an entry is by putting the key in square brackets: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	555 :let val = mydict["one"]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	556 :let mydict["four"] = 4
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	557
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	558 You can add new entries to an existing Dictionary this way, unlike Lists.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	559
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	560 For keys that consist entirely of letters, digits and underscore the following
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	561 form can be used \|expr-entry\|: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	562 :let val = mydict.one
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	563 :let mydict.four = 4
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	564
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	565 Since an entry can be any type, also a List and a Dictionary, the indexing and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	566 key lookup can be repeated: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	567 :echo dict.key[idx].key
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	568
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	569
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	570 Dictionary to List conversion ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	571
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	572 You may want to loop over the entries in a dictionary. For this you need to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	573 turn the Dictionary into a List and pass it to \|:for\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	574
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	575 Most often you want to loop over the keys, using the \|keys()\| function: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	576 :for key in keys(mydict)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	577 : echo key .. ': ' .. mydict[key]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	578 :endfor
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	579
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	580 The List of keys is unsorted. You may want to sort them first: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	581 :for key in sort(keys(mydict))
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	582
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	583 To loop over the values use the \|values()\| function: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	584 :for v in values(mydict)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	585 : echo "value: " .. v
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	586 :endfor
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	587
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	588 If you want both the key and the value use the \|items()\| function. It returns
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	589 a List in which each item is a List with two items, the key and the value: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	590 :for [key, value] in items(mydict)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	591 : echo key .. ': ' .. value
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	592 :endfor
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	593
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	594
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	595 Dictionary identity ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	596 dict-identity
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	597 Just like Lists you need to use \|copy()\| and \|deepcopy()\| to make a copy of a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	598 Dictionary. Otherwise, assignment results in referring to the same
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	599 Dictionary: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	600 :let onedict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	601 :let adict = onedict
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	602 :let adict['a'] = 11
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	603 :echo onedict['a']
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	604 11
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	605
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	606 Two Dictionaries compare equal if all the key-value pairs compare equal. For
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	607 more info see \|list-identity\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	608
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	609
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	610 Dictionary modification ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	611 dict-modification
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	612 To change an already existing entry of a Dictionary, or to add a new entry,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	613 use \|:let\| this way: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	614 :let dict[4] = "four"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	615 :let dict['one'] = item
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	616
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	617 Removing an entry from a Dictionary is done with \|remove()\| or \|:unlet\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	618 Three ways to remove the entry with key "aaa" from dict: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	619 :let i = remove(dict, 'aaa')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	620 :unlet dict.aaa
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	621 :unlet dict['aaa']
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	622
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	623 Merging a Dictionary with another is done with \|extend()\|: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	624 :call extend(adict, bdict)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	625 This extends adict with all entries from bdict. Duplicate keys cause entries
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	626 in adict to be overwritten. An optional third argument can change this.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	627 Note that the order of entries in a Dictionary is irrelevant, thus don't
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	628 expect ":echo adict" to show the items from bdict after the older entries in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	629 adict.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	630
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	631 Weeding out entries from a Dictionary can be done with \|filter()\|: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	632 :call filter(dict, 'v:val =~ "x"')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	633 This removes all entries from "dict" with a value not matching 'x'.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	634 This can also be used to remove all entries: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	635 call filter(dict, 0)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	636
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	637 In some situations it is not allowed to remove or add entries to a Dictionary.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	638 Especially when iterating over all the entries. You will get E1313 or
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	639 another error in that case.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	640
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	641
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	642 Dictionary function ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	643 Dictionary-function self E725 E862
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	644 When a function is defined with the "dict" attribute it can be used in a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	645 special way with a dictionary. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	646 :function Mylen() dict
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	647 : return len(self.data)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	648 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	649 :let mydict = {'data': [0, 1, 2, 3], 'len': function("Mylen")}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	650 :echo mydict.len()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	651
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	652 This is like a method in object oriented programming. The entry in the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	653 Dictionary is a \|Funcref\|. The local variable "self" refers to the dictionary
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	654 the function was invoked from. When using \|Vim9\| script you can use classes
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	655 and objects, see `:class`.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	656
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	657 It is also possible to add a function without the "dict" attribute as a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	658 Funcref to a Dictionary, but the "self" variable is not available then.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	659
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	660 numbered-function anonymous-function
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	661 To avoid the extra name for the function it can be defined and directly
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	662 assigned to a Dictionary in this way: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	663 :let mydict = {'data': [0, 1, 2, 3]}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	664 :function mydict.len()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	665 : return len(self.data)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	666 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	667 :echo mydict.len()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	668
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	669 The function will then get a number and the value of dict.len is a \|Funcref\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	670 that references this function. The function can only be used through a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	671 \|Funcref\|. It will automatically be deleted when there is no \|Funcref\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	672 remaining that refers to it.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	673
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	674 It is not necessary to use the "dict" attribute for a numbered function.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	675
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	676 If you get an error for a numbered function, you can find out what it is with
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	677 a trick. Assuming the function is 42, the command is: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	678 :function g:42
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	679
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	680
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	681 Functions for Dictionaries ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	682 E715
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	683 Functions that can be used with a Dictionary: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	684 :if has_key(dict, 'foo') " TRUE if dict has entry with key "foo"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	685 :if empty(dict) " TRUE if dict is empty
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	686 :let l = len(dict) " number of items in dict
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	687 :let big = max(dict) " maximum value in dict
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	688 :let small = min(dict) " minimum value in dict
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	689 :let xs = count(dict, 'x') " count nr of times 'x' appears in dict
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	690 :let s = string(dict) " String representation of dict
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	691 :call map(dict, '">> " .. v:val') " prepend ">> " to each item
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	692
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	693
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	694 1.5 Blobs ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	695 blob Blob Blobs E978
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	696 A Blob is a binary object. It can be used to read an image from a file and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	697 send it over a channel, for example.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	698
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	699 A Blob mostly behaves like a \|List\| of numbers, where each number has the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	700 value of an 8-bit byte, from 0 to 255.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	701
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	702
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	703 Blob creation ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	704
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	705 A Blob can be created with a \|blob-literal\|: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	706 :let b = 0zFF00ED015DAF
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	707 Dots can be inserted between bytes (pair of hex characters) for readability,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	708 they don't change the value: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	709 :let b = 0zFF00.ED01.5DAF
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	710
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	711 A blob can be read from a file with \|readfile()\| passing the {type} argument
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	712 set to "B", for example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	713 :let b = readfile('image.png', 'B')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	714
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	715 A blob can be read from a channel with the \|ch_readblob()\| function.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	716
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	717
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	718 Blob index ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	719 blob-index E979
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	720 A byte in the Blob can be accessed by putting the index in square brackets
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	721 after the Blob. Indexes are zero-based, thus the first byte has index zero. >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	722 :let myblob = 0z00112233
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	723 :let byte = myblob[0] " get the first byte: 0x00
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	724 :let byte = myblob[2] " get the third byte: 0x22
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	725
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	726 A negative index is counted from the end. Index -1 refers to the last byte in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	727 the Blob, -2 to the last but one byte, etc. >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	728 :let last = myblob[-1] " get the last byte: 0x33
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	729
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	730 To avoid an error for an invalid index use the \|get()\| function. When an item
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	731 is not available it returns -1 or the default value you specify: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	732 :echo get(myblob, idx)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	733 :echo get(myblob, idx, 999)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	734
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	735
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	736 Blob iteration ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	737
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	738 The \|:for\| loop executes commands for each byte of a Blob. The loop variable is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	739 set to each byte in the Blob. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	740 :for byte in 0z112233
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	741 : call Doit(byte)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	742 :endfor
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	743 This calls Doit() with 0x11, 0x22 and 0x33.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	744
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	745
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	746 Blob concatenation ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	747
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	748 Two blobs can be concatenated with the "+" operator: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	749 :let longblob = myblob + 0z4455
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	750 :let myblob += 0z6677
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	751
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	752 To change a blob in-place see \|blob-modification\| below.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	753
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	754
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	755 Part of a blob ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	756
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	757 A part of the Blob can be obtained by specifying the first and last index,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	758 separated by a colon in square brackets: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	759 :let myblob = 0z00112233
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	760 :let shortblob = myblob[1:2] " get 0z1122
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	761 :let shortblob = myblob[2:-1] " get 0z2233
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	762
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	763 Omitting the first index is similar to zero. Omitting the last index is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	764 similar to -1. >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	765 :let endblob = myblob[2:] " from item 2 to the end: 0z2233
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	766 :let shortblob = myblob[2:2] " Blob with one byte: 0z22
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	767 :let otherblob = myblob[:] " make a copy of the Blob
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	768
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	769 If the first index is beyond the last byte of the Blob or the second index is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	770 before the first index, the result is an empty Blob. There is no error
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	771 message.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	772
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	773 If the second index is equal to or greater than the length of the list the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	774 length minus one is used: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	775 :echo myblob[2:8] " result: 0z2233
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	776
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	777
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	778 Blob modification ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	779 blob-modification E1182 E1184
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	780 To change a specific byte of a blob use \|:let\| this way: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	781 :let blob[4] = 0x44
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	782
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	783 When the index is just one beyond the end of the Blob, it is appended. Any
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	784 higher index is an error.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	785
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	786 To change a sequence of bytes the [:] notation can be used: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	787 let blob[1:3] = 0z445566
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	788 The length of the replaced bytes must be exactly the same as the value
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	789 provided. E972
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	790
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	791 To change part of a blob you can specify the first and last byte to be
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	792 modified. The value must have the same number of bytes in the range: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	793 :let blob[3:5] = 0z334455
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	794
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	795 You can also use the functions \|add()\|, \|remove()\| and \|insert()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	796
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	797
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	798 Blob identity ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	799
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	800 Blobs can be compared for equality: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	801 if blob == 0z001122
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	802 And for equal identity: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	803 if blob is otherblob
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	804 < blob-identity E977
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	805 When variable "aa" is a Blob and you assign it to another variable "bb", both
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	806 variables refer to the same Blob. Then the "is" operator returns true.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	807
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	808 When making a copy using [:] or \|copy()\| the values are the same, but the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	809 identity is different: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	810 :let blob = 0z112233
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	811 :let blob2 = blob
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	812 :echo blob == blob2
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	813 < 1 >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	814 :echo blob is blob2
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	815 < 1 >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	816 :let blob3 = blob[:]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	817 :echo blob == blob3
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	818 < 1 >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	819 :echo blob is blob3
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	820 < 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	821
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	822 Making a copy of a Blob is done with the \|copy()\| function. Using [:] also
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	823 works, as explained above.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	824
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	825
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	826 1.6 More about variables ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	827 more-variables
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	828 If you need to know the type of a variable or expression, use the \|type()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	829 function.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	830
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	831 When the '!' flag is included in the 'viminfo' option, global variables that
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	832 start with an uppercase letter, and don't contain a lowercase letter, are
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	833 stored in the viminfo file \|viminfo-file\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	834
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	835 When the 'sessionoptions' option contains "global", global variables that
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	836 start with an uppercase letter and contain at least one lowercase letter are
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	837 stored in the session file \|session-file\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	838
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	839 variable name can be stored where ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	840 my_var_6 not
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	841 My_Var_6 session file
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	842 MY_VAR_6 viminfo file
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	843
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	844
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	845 In legacy script it is possible to form a variable name with curly braces, see
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	846 \|curly-braces-names\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	847
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	848 ==============================================================================
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	849 2. Expression syntax expression-syntax
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	850 E1143
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	851 Expression syntax summary, from least to most significant:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	852
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	853 \|expr1\| expr2
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	854 expr2 ? expr1 : expr1 if-then-else
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	855
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	856 \|expr2\| expr3
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	857 expr3 \|\| expr3 ... logical OR
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	858
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	859 \|expr3\| expr4
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	860 expr4 && expr4 ... logical AND
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	861
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	862 \|expr4\| expr5
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	863 expr5 == expr5 equal
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	864 expr5 != expr5 not equal
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	865 expr5 > expr5 greater than
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	866 expr5 >= expr5 greater than or equal
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	867 expr5 < expr5 smaller than
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	868 expr5 <= expr5 smaller than or equal
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	869 expr5 =~ expr5 regexp matches
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	870 expr5 !~ expr5 regexp doesn't match
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	871
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	872 expr5 ==? expr5 equal, ignoring case
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	873 expr5 ==# expr5 equal, match case
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	874 etc. As above, append ? for ignoring case, # for
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	875 matching case
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	876
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	877 expr5 is expr5 same \|List\|, \|Dictionary\| or \|Blob\| instance
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	878 expr5 isnot expr5 different \|List\|, \|Dictionary\| or \|Blob\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	879 instance
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	880
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	881 \|expr5\| expr6 << expr6 bitwise left shift
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	882 expr6 >> expr6 bitwise right shift
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	883
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	884 \|expr6\| expr7
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	885 expr7 + expr7 ... number addition, list or blob concatenation
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	886 expr7 - expr7 ... number subtraction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	887 expr7 . expr7 ... string concatenation
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	888 expr7 .. expr7 ... string concatenation
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	889
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	890 \|expr7\| expr8
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	891 expr8 * expr8 ... number multiplication
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	892 expr8 / expr8 ... number division
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	893 expr8 % expr8 ... number modulo
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	894
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	895 \|expr8\| expr9
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	896 <type>expr9 type check and conversion (\|Vim9\| only)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	897
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	898 \|expr9\| expr10
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	899 ! expr9 logical NOT
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	900 - expr9 unary minus
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	901 + expr9 unary plus
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	902
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	903 \|expr10\| expr11
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	904 expr10[expr1] byte of a String or item of a \|List\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	905 expr10[expr1 : expr1] substring of a String or sublist of a \|List\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	906 expr10.name entry in a \|Dictionary\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	907 expr10(expr1, ...) function call with \|Funcref\| variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	908 expr10->name(expr1, ...) \|method\| call
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	909
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	910 \|expr11\| number number constant
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	911 "string" string constant, backslash is special
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	912 'string' string constant, ' is doubled
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	913 [expr1, ...] \|List\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	914 {expr1: expr1, ...} \|Dictionary\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	915 #{key: expr1, ...} legacy \|Dictionary\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	916 &option option value
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	917 (expr1) nested expression
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	918 variable internal variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	919 va{ria}ble internal variable with curly braces
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	920 $VAR environment variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	921 @r contents of register 'r'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	922 function(expr1, ...) function call
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	923 func{ti}on(expr1, ...) function call with curly braces
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	924 {args -> expr1} legacy lambda expression
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	925 (args) => expr1 Vim9 lambda expression
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	926
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	927
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	928 "..." indicates that the operations in this level can be concatenated.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	929 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	930 &nu \|\| &list && &shell == "csh"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	931
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	932 All expressions within one level are parsed from left to right.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	933
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	934 Expression nesting is limited to 1000 levels deep (300 when build with MSVC)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	935 to avoid running out of stack and crashing. E1169
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	936
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	937
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	938 expr1 expr1 ternary falsy-operator ?? E109
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	939 -----
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	940
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	941 The ternary operator: expr2 ? expr1 : expr1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	942 The falsy operator: expr2 ?? expr1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	943
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	944 Ternary operator ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	945
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	946 In legacy script the expression before the '?' is evaluated to a number. If
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	947 it evaluates to \|TRUE\|, the result is the value of the expression between the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	948 '?' and ':', otherwise the result is the value of the expression after the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	949 ':'.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	950
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	951 In \|Vim9\| script the first expression must evaluate to a boolean, see
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	952 \|vim9-boolean\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	953
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	954 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	955 :echo lnum == 1 ? "top" : lnum
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	956
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	957 Since the first expression is an "expr2", it cannot contain another ?:. The
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	958 other two expressions can, thus allow for recursive use of ?:.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	959 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	960 :echo lnum == 1 ? "top" : lnum == 1000 ? "last" : lnum
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	961
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	962 To keep this readable, using \|line-continuation\| is suggested: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	963 :echo lnum == 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	964 :\ ? "top"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	965 :\ : lnum == 1000
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	966 :\ ? "last"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	967 :\ : lnum
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	968
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	969 You should always put a space before the ':', otherwise it can be mistaken for
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	970 use in a variable such as "a:1".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	971
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	972 Falsy operator ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	973
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	974 This is also known as the "null coalescing operator", but that's too
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	975 complicated, thus we just call it the falsy operator.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	976
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	977 The expression before the '??' is evaluated. If it evaluates to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	978 \|truthy\|, this is used as the result. Otherwise the expression after the '??'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	979 is evaluated and used as the result. This is most useful to have a default
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	980 value for an expression that may result in zero or empty: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	981 echo theList ?? 'list is empty'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	982 echo GetName() ?? 'unknown'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	983
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	984 These are similar, but not equal: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	985 expr2 ?? expr1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	986 expr2 ? expr2 : expr1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	987 In the second line "expr2" is evaluated twice. And in \|Vim9\| script the type
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	988 of expr2 before "?" must be a boolean.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	989
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	990
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	991 expr2 and expr3 expr2 expr3
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	992 ---------------
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	993
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	994 expr3 \|\| expr3 .. logical OR expr-barbar
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	995 expr4 && expr4 .. logical AND expr-&&
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	996
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	997 The "\|\|" and "&&" operators take one argument on each side.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	998
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	999 In legacy script the arguments are (converted to) Numbers.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1000
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1001 In \|Vim9\| script the values must be boolean, see \|vim9-boolean\|. Use "!!" to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1002 convert any type to a boolean.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1003
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1004 The result is:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1005 input output ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1006 n1 n2 n1 \|\| n2 n1 && n2 ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1007 \|FALSE\| \|FALSE\| \|FALSE\| \|FALSE\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1008 \|FALSE\| \|TRUE\| \|TRUE\| \|FALSE\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1009 \|TRUE\| \|FALSE\| \|TRUE\| \|FALSE\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1010 \|TRUE\| \|TRUE\| \|TRUE\| \|TRUE\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1011
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1012 The operators can be concatenated, for example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1013
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1014 &nu \|\| &list && &shell == "csh"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1015
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1016 Note that "&&" takes precedence over "\|\|", so this has the meaning of: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1017
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1018 &nu \|\| (&list && &shell == "csh")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1019
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1020 Once the result is known, the expression "short-circuits", that is, further
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1021 arguments are not evaluated. This is like what happens in C. For example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1022
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1023 let a = 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1024 echo a \|\| b
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1025
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1026 This is valid even if there is no variable called "b" because "a" is \|TRUE\|,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1027 so the result must be \|TRUE\|. Similarly below: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1028
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1029 echo exists("b") && b == "yes"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1030
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1031 This is valid whether "b" has been defined or not. The second clause will
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1032 only be evaluated if "b" has been defined.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1033
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1034
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1035 expr4 expr4 E1153
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1036 -----
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1037
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1038 expr5 {cmp} expr5
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1039
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1040 Compare two expr5 expressions. In legacy script the result is a 0 if it
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1041 evaluates to false, or 1 if it evaluates to true. In \|Vim9\| script the result
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1042 is \|true\| or \|false\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1043
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1044 expr-== expr-!= expr-> expr->=
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1045 expr-< expr-<= expr-=~ expr-!~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1046 expr-==# expr-!=# expr-># expr->=#
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1047 expr-<# expr-<=# expr-=~# expr-!~#
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1048 expr-==? expr-!=? expr->? expr->=?
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1049 expr-<? expr-<=? expr-=~? expr-!~?
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1050 expr-is expr-isnot expr-is# expr-isnot#
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1051 expr-is? expr-isnot? E1072
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1052 use 'ignorecase' match case ignore case ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1053 equal == ==# ==?
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1054 not equal != !=# !=?
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1055 greater than > ># >?
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1056 greater than or equal >= >=# >=?
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1057 smaller than < <# <?
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1058 smaller than or equal <= <=# <=?
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1059 regexp matches =~ =~# =~?
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1060 regexp doesn't match !~ !~# !~?
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1061 same instance is is# is?
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1062 different instance isnot isnot# isnot?
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1063
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1064 Examples:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1065 "abc" ==# "Abc" evaluates to 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1066 "abc" ==? "Abc" evaluates to 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1067 "abc" == "Abc" evaluates to 1 if 'ignorecase' is set, 0 otherwise
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1068 NOTE: In \|Vim9\| script 'ignorecase' is not used.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1069
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1070 E691 E692
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1071 A \|List\| can only be compared with a \|List\| and only "equal", "not equal",
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1072 "is" and "isnot" can be used. This compares the values of the list,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1073 recursively. Ignoring case means case is ignored when comparing item values.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1074
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1075 E735 E736
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1076 A \|Dictionary\| can only be compared with a \|Dictionary\| and only "equal", "not
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1077 equal", "is" and "isnot" can be used. This compares the key/values of the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1078 \|Dictionary\| recursively. Ignoring case means case is ignored when comparing
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1079 item values.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1080
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1081 E694
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1082 A \|Funcref\| can only be compared with a \|Funcref\| and only "equal", "not
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1083 equal", "is" and "isnot" can be used. Case is never ignored. Whether
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1084 arguments or a Dictionary are bound (with a partial) matters. The
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1085 Dictionaries must also be equal (or the same, in case of "is") and the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1086 arguments must be equal (or the same).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1087
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1088 To compare Funcrefs to see if they refer to the same function, ignoring bound
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1089 Dictionary and arguments, use \|get()\| to get the function name: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1090 if get(Part1, 'name') == get(Part2, 'name')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1091 " Part1 and Part2 refer to the same function
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1092 < E1037
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1093 Using "is" or "isnot" with a \|List\|, \|Dictionary\| or \|Blob\| checks whether
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1094 the expressions are referring to the same \|List\|, \|Dictionary\| or \|Blob\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1095 instance. A copy of a \|List\| is different from the original \|List\|. When
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1096 using "is" without a \|List\|, \|Dictionary\| or \|Blob\|, it is equivalent to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1097 using "equal", using "isnot" equivalent to using "not equal". Except that
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1098 a different type means the values are different: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1099 echo 4 == '4'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1100 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1101 echo 4 is '4'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1102 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1103 echo 0 is []
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1104 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1105 "is#"/"isnot#" and "is?"/"isnot?" can be used to match and ignore case.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1106 In \|Vim9\| script this doesn't work, two strings are never identical.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1107
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1108 In legacy script, when comparing a String with a Number, the String is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1109 converted to a Number, and the comparison is done on Numbers. This means
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1110 that: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1111 echo 0 == 'x'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1112 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1113 because 'x' converted to a Number is zero. However: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1114 echo [0] == ['x']
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1115 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1116 Inside a List or Dictionary this conversion is not used.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1117
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1118 In \|Vim9\| script the types must match.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1119
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1120 When comparing two Strings, this is done with strcmp() or stricmp(). This
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1121 results in the mathematical difference (comparing byte values), not
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1122 necessarily the alphabetical difference in the local language.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1123
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1124 When using the operators with a trailing '#', or the short version and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1125 'ignorecase' is off, the comparing is done with strcmp(): case matters.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1126
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1127 When using the operators with a trailing '?', or the short version and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1128 'ignorecase' is set, the comparing is done with stricmp(): case is ignored.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1129
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1130 'smartcase' is not used.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1131
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1132 The "=~" and "!~" operators match the lefthand argument with the righthand
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1133 argument, which is used as a pattern. See \|pattern\| for what a pattern is.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1134 This matching is always done like 'magic' was set and 'cpoptions' is empty, no
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1135 matter what the actual value of 'magic' or 'cpoptions' is. This makes scripts
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1136 portable. To avoid backslashes in the regexp pattern to be doubled, use a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1137 single-quote string, see \|literal-string\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1138 Since a string is considered to be a single line, a multi-line pattern
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1139 (containing \n, backslash-n) will not match. However, a literal NL character
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1140 can be matched like an ordinary character. Examples:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1141 "foo\nbar" =~ "\n" evaluates to 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1142 "foo\nbar" =~ "\\n" evaluates to 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1143
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1144
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1145 expr5 expr5 bitwise-shift
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1146 -----
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1147 expr6 << expr6 bitwise left shift expr-<<
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1148 expr6 >> expr6 bitwise right shift expr->>
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1149 E1282 E1283
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1150 The "<<" and ">>" operators can be used to perform bitwise left or right shift
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1151 of the left operand by the number of bits specified by the right operand. The
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1152 operands are used as positive numbers. When shifting right with ">>" the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1153 topmost bit (sometimes called the sign bit) is cleared. If the right operand
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1154 (shift amount) is more than the maximum number of bits in a number
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1155 (\|v:numbersize\|) the result is zero.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1156
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1157
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1158 expr6 and expr7 expr6 expr7 E1036 E1051
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1159 ---------------
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1160 expr7 + expr7 Number addition, \|List\| or \|Blob\| concatenation expr-+
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1161 expr7 - expr7 Number subtraction expr--
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1162 expr7 . expr7 String concatenation expr-.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1163 expr7 .. expr7 String concatenation expr-..
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1164
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1165 For \|Lists\| only "+" is possible and then both expr7 must be a list. The
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1166 result is a new list with the two lists Concatenated.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1167
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1168 For String concatenation ".." is preferred, since "." is ambiguous, it is also
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1169 used for \|Dict\| member access and floating point numbers.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1170 In \|Vim9\| script and when \|vimscript-version\| is 2 or higher, using "." is not
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1171 allowed.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1172
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1173 In \|Vim9\| script the arguments of ".." are converted to String for simple
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1174 types: Number, Float, Special and Bool. For other types \|string()\| should be
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1175 used.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1176
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1177 expr8 * expr8 Number multiplication expr-star
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1178 expr8 / expr8 Number division expr-/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1179 expr8 % expr8 Number modulo expr-%
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1180
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1181 In legacy script, for all operators except "." and "..", Strings are converted
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1182 to Numbers.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1183
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1184 For bitwise operators see \|and()\|, \|or()\| and \|xor()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1185
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1186 Note the difference between "+" and ".." in legacy script:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1187 "123" + "456" = 579
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1188 "123" .. "456" = "123456"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1189
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1190 Since '..' has the same precedence as '+' and '-', you need to read: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1191 1 .. 90 + 90.0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1192 As: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1193 (1 .. 90) + 90.0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1194 That works in legacy script, since the String "190" is automatically converted
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1195 to the Number 190, which can be added to the Float 90.0. However: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1196 1 .. 90 * 90.0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1197 Should be read as: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1198 1 .. (90 * 90.0)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1199 Since '..' has lower precedence than '*'. This does NOT work, since this
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1200 attempts to concatenate a Float and a String.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1201
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1202 When dividing a Number by zero the result depends on the value:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1203 0 / 0 = -0x80000000 (like NaN for Float)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1204 >0 / 0 = 0x7fffffff (like positive infinity)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1205 <0 / 0 = -0x7fffffff (like negative infinity)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1206 (before Vim 7.2 it was always 0x7fffffff)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1207 In \|Vim9\| script dividing a number by zero is an error. E1154
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1208
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1209 When 64-bit Number support is enabled:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1210 0 / 0 = -0x8000000000000000 (like NaN for Float)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1211 >0 / 0 = 0x7fffffffffffffff (like positive infinity)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1212 <0 / 0 = -0x7fffffffffffffff (like negative infinity)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1213
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1214 When the righthand side of '%' is zero, the result is 0.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1215
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1216 None of these work for \|Funcref\|s.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1217
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1218 ".", ".." and "%" do not work for Float. E804 E1035
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1219
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1220
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1221 expr8 expr8
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1222 -----
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1223 <type>expr9
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1224
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1225 This is only available in \|Vim9\| script, see \|type-casting\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1226
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1227
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1228 expr9 expr9
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1229 -----
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1230 ! expr9 logical NOT expr-!
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1231 - expr9 unary minus expr-unary--
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1232 + expr9 unary plus expr-unary-+
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1233
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1234 For '!' \|TRUE\| becomes \|FALSE\|, \|FALSE\| becomes \|TRUE\| (one).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1235 For '-' the sign of the number is changed.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1236 For '+' the number is unchanged. Note: "++" has no effect.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1237
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1238 In legacy script a String will be converted to a Number first. Note that if
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1239 the string does not start with a digit you likely don't get what you expect.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1240
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1241 In \|Vim9\| script an error is given when "-" or "+" is used and the type is not
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1242 a number.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1243
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1244 In \|Vim9\| script "!" can be used for any type and the result is always a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1245 boolean. Use "!!" to convert any type to a boolean, according to whether the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1246 value is \|falsy\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1247
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1248 These three can be repeated and mixed. Examples:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1249 !-1 == 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1250 !!8 == 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1251 --9 == 9
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1252
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1253
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1254 expr10 expr10
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1255 ------
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1256 This expression is either \|expr11\| or a sequence of the alternatives below,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1257 in any order. E.g., these are all possible:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1258 expr10[expr1].name
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1259 expr10.name[expr1]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1260 expr10(expr1, ...)[expr1].name
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1261 expr10->(expr1, ...)[expr1]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1262 Evaluation is always from left to right.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1263
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1264 expr10[expr1] item of String or \|List\| expr-[] E111
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1265 E909 subscript E1062
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1266 In legacy Vim script:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1267 If expr10 is a Number or String this results in a String that contains the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1268 expr1'th single byte from expr10. expr10 is used as a String (a number is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1269 automatically converted to a String), expr1 as a Number. This doesn't
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1270 recognize multibyte encodings, see `byteidx()` for an alternative, or use
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1271 `split()` to turn the string into a list of characters. Example, to get the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1272 byte under the cursor: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1273 :let c = getline(".")[col(".") - 1]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1274
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1275 In \|Vim9\| script: E1147 E1148
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1276 If expr10 is a String this results in a String that contains the expr1'th
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1277 single character (including any composing characters) from expr10. To use byte
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1278 indexes use \|strpart()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1279
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1280 Index zero gives the first byte or character. Careful: text column numbers
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1281 start with one!
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1282
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1283 If the length of the String is less than the index, the result is an empty
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1284 String. A negative index always results in an empty string (reason: backward
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1285 compatibility). Use [-1:] to get the last byte or character.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1286 In Vim9 script a negative index is used like with a list: count from the end.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1287
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1288 If expr10 is a \|List\| then it results the item at index expr1. See \|list-index\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1289 for possible index values. If the index is out of range this results in an
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1290 error. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1291 :let item = mylist[-1] " get last item
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1292
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1293 Generally, if a \|List\| index is equal to or higher than the length of the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1294 \|List\|, or more negative than the length of the \|List\|, this results in an
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1295 error.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1296
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1297
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1298 expr10[expr1a : expr1b] substring or \|sublist\| expr-[:] substring
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1299
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1300 If expr10 is a String this results in the substring with the bytes or
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1301 characters from expr1a to and including expr1b. expr10 is used as a String,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1302 expr1a and expr1b are used as a Number.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1303
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1304 In legacy Vim script the indexes are byte indexes. This doesn't recognize
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1305 multibyte encodings, see \|byteidx()\| for computing the indexes. If expr10 is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1306 a Number it is first converted to a String.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1307
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1308 In Vim9 script the indexes are character indexes and include composing
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1309 characters. To use byte indexes use \|strpart()\|. To use character indexes
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1310 without including composing characters use \|strcharpart()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1311
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1312 The item at index expr1b is included, it is inclusive. For an exclusive index
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1313 use the \|slice()\| function.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1314
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1315 If expr1a is omitted zero is used. If expr1b is omitted the length of the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1316 string minus one is used.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1317
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1318 A negative number can be used to measure from the end of the string. -1 is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1319 the last character, -2 the last but one, etc.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1320
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1321 If an index goes out of range for the string characters are omitted. If
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1322 expr1b is smaller than expr1a the result is an empty string.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1323
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1324 Examples: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1325 :let c = name[-1:] " last byte of a string
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1326 :let c = name[0:-1] " the whole string
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1327 :let c = name[-2:-2] " last but one byte of a string
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1328 :let s = line(".")[4:] " from the fifth byte to the end
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1329 :let s = s[:-3] " remove last two bytes
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1330 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1331 slice
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1332 If expr10 is a \|List\| this results in a new \|List\| with the items indicated by
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1333 the indexes expr1a and expr1b. This works like with a String, as explained
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1334 just above. Also see \|sublist\| below. Examples: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1335 :let l = mylist[:3] " first four items
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1336 :let l = mylist[4:4] " List with one item
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1337 :let l = mylist[:] " shallow copy of a List
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1338
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1339 If expr10 is a \|Blob\| this results in a new \|Blob\| with the bytes in the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1340 indexes expr1a and expr1b, inclusive. Examples: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1341 :let b = 0zDEADBEEF
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1342 :let bs = b[1:2] " 0zADBE
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1343 :let bs = b[:] " copy of 0zDEADBEEF
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1344
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1345 Using expr10[expr1] or expr10[expr1a : expr1b] on a \|Funcref\| results in an
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1346 error.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1347
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1348 Watch out for confusion between a namespace and a variable followed by a colon
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1349 for a sublist: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1350 mylist[n:] " uses variable n
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1351 mylist[s:] " uses namespace s:, error!
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1352
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1353
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1354 expr10.name entry in a \|Dictionary\| expr-entry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1355 E1203 E1229
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1356 If expr10 is a \|Dictionary\| and it is followed by a dot, then the following
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1357 name will be used as a key in the \|Dictionary\|. This is just like:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1358 expr10[name].
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1359
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1360 The name must consist of alphanumeric characters, just like a variable name,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1361 but it may start with a number. Curly braces cannot be used.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1362
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1363 There must not be white space before or after the dot.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1364
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1365 Examples: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1366 :let dict = {"one": 1, 2: "two"}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1367 :echo dict.one " shows "1"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1368 :echo dict.2 " shows "two"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1369 :echo dict .2 " error because of space before the dot
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1370
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1371 Note that the dot is also used for String concatenation. To avoid confusion
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1372 always put spaces around the dot for String concatenation.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1373
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1374
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1375 expr10(expr1, ...) \|Funcref\| function call E1085
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1376
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1377 When expr10 is a \|Funcref\| type variable, invoke the function it refers to.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1378
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1379
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1380 expr10->name([args]) method call method ->
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1381 expr10->{lambda}([args])
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1382 E260 E276 E1265
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1383 For methods that are also available as global functions this is the same as: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1384 name(expr10 [, args])
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1385 There can also be methods specifically for the type of "expr10".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1386
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1387 This allows for chaining, passing the value that one method returns to the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1388 next method: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1389 mylist->filter(filterexpr)->map(mapexpr)->sort()->join()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1390 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1391 Example of using a lambda: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1392 GetPercentage()->{x -> x * 100}()->printf('%d%%')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1393 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1394 When using -> the \|expr9\| operators will be applied first, thus: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1395 -1.234->string()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1396 Is equivalent to: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1397 (-1.234)->string()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1398 And NOT: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1399 -(1.234->string())
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1400
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1401 What comes after "->" can be a name, a simple expression (not containing any
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1402 parenthesis), or any expression in parentheses: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1403 base->name(args)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1404 base->some.name(args)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1405 base->alist[idx](args)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1406 base->(getFuncRef())(args)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1407 Note that in the last call the base is passed to the function resulting from
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1408 "(getFuncRef())", inserted before "args". E1275
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1409
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1410 E274
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1411 "->name(" must not contain white space. There can be white space before the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1412 "->" and after the "(", thus you can split the lines like this: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1413 mylist
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1414 \ ->filter(filterexpr)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1415 \ ->map(mapexpr)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1416 \ ->sort()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1417 \ ->join()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1418
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1419 When using the lambda form there must be no white space between the } and the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1420 (.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1421
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1422
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1423 expr11
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1424 number
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1425 ------
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1426 number number constant expr-number
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1427
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1428 0x hex-number 0o octal-number binary-number
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1429 Decimal, Hexadecimal (starting with 0x or 0X), Binary (starting with 0b or 0B)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1430 and Octal (starting with 0, 0o or 0O).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1431
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1432 Assuming 64 bit numbers are used (see \|v:numbersize\|) an unsigned number is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1433 truncated to 0x7fffffffffffffff or 9223372036854775807. You can use -1 to get
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1434 0xffffffffffffffff.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1435
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1436 floating-point-format
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1437 Floating point numbers can be written in two forms:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1438
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1439 [-+]{N}.{M}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1440 [-+]{N}.{M}[eE][-+]{exp}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1441
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1442 {N} and {M} are numbers. Both {N} and {M} must be present and can only
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1443 contain digits, except that in \|Vim9\| script in {N} single quotes between
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1444 digits are ignored.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1445 [-+] means there is an optional plus or minus sign.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1446 {exp} is the exponent, power of 10.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1447 Only a decimal point is accepted, not a comma. No matter what the current
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1448 locale is.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1449
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1450 Examples:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1451 123.456
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1452 +0.0001
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1453 55.0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1454 -0.123
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1455 1.234e03
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1456 1.0E-6
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1457 -3.1416e+88
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1458
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1459 These are INVALID:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1460 3. empty {M}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1461 1e40 missing .{M}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1462
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1463 Rationale:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1464 Before floating point was introduced, the text "123.456" was interpreted as
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1465 the two numbers "123" and "456", both converted to a string and concatenated,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1466 resulting in the string "123456". Since this was considered pointless, and we
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1467 could not find it intentionally being used in Vim scripts, this backwards
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1468 incompatibility was accepted in favor of being able to use the normal notation
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1469 for floating point numbers.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1470
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1471 float-pi float-e
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1472 A few useful values to copy&paste: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1473 :let pi = 3.14159265359
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1474 :let e = 2.71828182846
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1475 Or, if you don't want to write them in as floating-point literals, you can
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1476 also use functions, like the following: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1477 :let pi = acos(-1.0)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1478 :let e = exp(1.0)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1479 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1480 floating-point-precision
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1481 The precision and range of floating points numbers depends on what "double"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1482 means in the library Vim was compiled with. There is no way to change this at
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1483 runtime.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1484
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1485 The default for displaying a \|Float\| is to use 6 decimal places, like using
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1486 printf("%g", f). You can select something else when using the \|printf()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1487 function. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1488 :echo printf('%.15e', atan(1))
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1489 < 7.853981633974483e-01
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1490
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1491
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1492
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1493 string string String expr-string E114
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1494 ------
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1495 "string" string constant expr-quote
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1496
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1497 Note that double quotes are used.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1498
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1499 A string constant accepts these special characters:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1500 \... three-digit octal number (e.g., "\316")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1501 \.. two-digit octal number (must be followed by non-digit)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1502 \. one-digit octal number (must be followed by non-digit)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1503 \x.. byte specified with two hex numbers (e.g., "\x1f")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1504 \x. byte specified with one hex number (must be followed by non-hex char)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1505 \X.. same as \x..
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1506 \X. same as \x.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1507 \u.... character specified with up to 4 hex numbers, stored according to the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1508 current value of 'encoding' (e.g., "\u02a4")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1509 \U.... same as \u but allows up to 8 hex numbers.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1510 \b backspace <BS>
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1511 \e escape <Esc>
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1512 \f formfeed 0x0C
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1513 \n newline <NL>
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1514 \r return <CR>
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1515 \t tab <Tab>
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1516 \\ backslash
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1517 \" double quote
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1518 \<xxx> Special key named "xxx". e.g. "\<C-W>" for CTRL-W. This is for use
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1519 in mappings, the 0x80 byte is escaped.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1520 To use the double quote character it must be escaped: "<M-\">".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1521 Don't use <Char-xxxx> to get a UTF-8 character, use \uxxxx as
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1522 mentioned above.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1523 \<*xxx> Like \<xxx> but prepends a modifier instead of including it in the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1524 character. E.g. "\<C-w>" is one character 0x17 while "\<*C-w>" is four
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1525 bytes: 3 for the CTRL modifier and then character "W".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1526
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1527 Note that "\xff" is stored as the byte 255, which may be invalid in some
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1528 encodings. Use "\u00ff" to store character 255 according to the current value
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1529 of 'encoding'.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1530
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1531 Note that "\000" and "\x00" force the end of the string.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1532
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1533
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1534 blob-literal blob-literal E973
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1535 ------------
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1536
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1537 Hexadecimal starting with 0z or 0Z, with an arbitrary number of bytes.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1538 The sequence must be an even number of hex characters. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1539 :let b = 0zFF00ED015DAF
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1540
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1541
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1542 literal-string literal-string E115
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1543 ---------------
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1544 'string' string constant expr-'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1545
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1546 Note that single quotes are used.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1547
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1548 This string is taken as it is. No backslashes are removed or have a special
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1549 meaning. The only exception is that two quotes stand for one quote.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1550
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1551 Single quoted strings are useful for patterns, so that backslashes do not need
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1552 to be doubled. These two commands are equivalent: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1553 if a =~ "\\s*"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1554 if a =~ '\s*'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1555
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1556
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1557 interpolated-string $quote interpolated-string
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1558 --------------------
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1559 $"string" interpolated string constant expr-$quote
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1560 $'string' interpolated literal string constant expr-$'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1561
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1562 Interpolated strings are an extension of the \|string\| and \|literal-string\|,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1563 allowing the inclusion of Vim script expressions (see \|expr1\|). Any
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1564 expression returning a value can be enclosed between curly braces. The value
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1565 is converted to a string. All the text and results of the expressions
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1566 are concatenated to make a new string.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1567 E1278 E1279
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1568 To include an opening brace '{' or closing brace '}' in the string content
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1569 double it. For double quoted strings using a backslash also works. A single
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1570 closing brace '}' will result in an error.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1571
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1572 Examples: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1573 let your_name = input("What's your name? ")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1574 < What's your name? Peter ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1575 >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1576 echo
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1577 echo $"Hello, {your_name}!"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1578 < Hello, Peter! ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1579 >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1580 echo $"The square root of {{9}} is {sqrt(9)}"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1581 < The square root of {9} is 3.0 ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1582
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1583 string-offset-encoding
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1584 A string consists of multiple characters. How the characters are stored
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1585 depends on 'encoding'. Most common is UTF-8, which uses one byte for ASCII
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1586 characters, two bytes for other latin characters and more bytes for other
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1587 characters.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1588
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1589 A string offset can count characters or bytes. Other programs may use
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1590 UTF-16 encoding (16-bit words) and an offset of UTF-16 words. Some functions
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1591 use byte offsets, usually for UTF-8 encoding. Other functions use character
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1592 offsets, in which case the encoding doesn't matter.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1593
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1594 The different offsets for the string "a©😊" are below:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1595
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1596 UTF-8 offsets:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1597 [0]: 61, [1]: C2, [2]: A9, [3]: F0, [4]: 9F, [5]: 98, [6]: 8A
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1598 UTF-16 offsets:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1599 [0]: 0061, [1]: 00A9, [2]: D83D, [3]: DE0A
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1600 UTF-32 (character) offsets:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1601 [0]: 00000061, [1]: 000000A9, [2]: 0001F60A
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1602
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1603 You can use the "g8" and "ga" commands on a character to see the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1604 decimal/hex/octal values.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1605
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1606 The functions \|byteidx()\|, \|utf16idx()\| and \|charidx()\| can be used to convert
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1607 between these indices. The functions \|strlen()\|, \|strutf16len()\| and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1608 \|strcharlen()\| return the number of bytes, UTF-16 code units and characters in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1609 a string respectively.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1610
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1611 option expr-option E112 E113
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1612 ------
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1613 &option option value, local value if possible
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1614 &g:option global option value
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1615 &l:option local option value
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1616
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1617 Examples: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1618 echo "tabstop is " .. &tabstop
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1619 if &insertmode
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1620
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1621 Any option name can be used here. See \|options\|. When using the local value
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1622 and there is no buffer-local or window-local value, the global value is used
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1623 anyway.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1624
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1625
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1626 register expr-register @r
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1627 --------
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1628 @r contents of register 'r'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1629
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1630 The result is the contents of the named register, as a single string.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1631 Newlines are inserted where required. To get the contents of the unnamed
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1632 register use @" or @@. See \|registers\| for an explanation of the available
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1633 registers.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1634
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1635 When using the '=' register you get the expression itself, not what it
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1636 evaluates to. Use \|eval()\| to evaluate it.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1637
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1638
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1639 nesting expr-nesting E110
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1640 -------
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1641 (expr1) nested expression
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1642
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1643
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1644 environment variable expr-env
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1645 --------------------
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1646 $VAR environment variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1647
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1648 The String value of any environment variable. When it is not defined, the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1649 result is an empty string.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1650
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1651 The functions `getenv()` and `setenv()` can also be used and work for
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1652 environment variables with non-alphanumeric names.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1653 The function `environ()` can be used to get a Dict with all environment
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1654 variables.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1655
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1656
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1657 expr-env-expand
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1658 Note that there is a difference between using $VAR directly and using
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1659 expand("$VAR"). Using it directly will only expand environment variables that
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1660 are known inside the current Vim session. Using expand() will first try using
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1661 the environment variables known inside the current Vim session. If that
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1662 fails, a shell will be used to expand the variable. This can be slow, but it
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1663 does expand all variables that the shell knows about. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1664 :echo $shell
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1665 :echo expand("$shell")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1666 The first one probably doesn't echo anything, the second echoes the $shell
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1667 variable (if your shell supports it).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1668
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1669
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1670 internal variable expr-variable E1015 E1089
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1671 -----------------
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1672 variable internal variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1673 See below \|internal-variables\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1674
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1675
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1676 function call expr-function E116 E118 E119 E120
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1677 -------------
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1678 function(expr1, ...) function call
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1679 See below \|functions\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1680
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1681
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1682 lambda expression expr-lambda lambda
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1683 -----------------
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1684 {args -> expr1} legacy lambda expression E451
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1685 (args) => expr1 \|Vim9\| lambda expression
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1686
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1687 A lambda expression creates a new unnamed function which returns the result of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1688 evaluating \|expr1\|. Lambda expressions differ from \|user-functions\| in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1689 the following ways:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1690
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1691 1. The body of the lambda expression is an \|expr1\| and not a sequence of \|Ex\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1692 commands.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1693 2. The prefix "a:" should not be used for arguments. E.g.: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1694 :let F = {arg1, arg2 -> arg1 - arg2}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1695 :echo F(5, 2)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1696 < 3
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1697
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1698 The arguments are optional. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1699 :let F = {-> 'error function'}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1700 :echo F('ignored')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1701 < error function
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1702
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1703 The \|Vim9\| lambda does not only use a different syntax, it also adds type
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1704 checking and can be split over multiple lines, see \|vim9-lambda\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1705
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1706 closure
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1707 Lambda expressions can access outer scope variables and arguments. This is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1708 often called a closure. Example where "i" and "a:arg" are used in a lambda
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1709 while they already exist in the function scope. They remain valid even after
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1710 the function returns: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1711 :function Foo(arg)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1712 : let i = 3
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1713 : return {x -> x + i - a:arg}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1714 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1715 :let Bar = Foo(4)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1716 :echo Bar(6)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1717 < 5
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1718
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1719 Note that the variables must exist in the outer scope before the lambda is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1720 defined for this to work. See also \|:func-closure\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1721
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1722 Lambda and closure support can be checked with: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1723 if has('lambda')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1724
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1725 Examples for using a lambda expression with \|sort()\|, \|map()\| and \|filter()\|: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1726 :echo map([1, 2, 3], {idx, val -> val + 1})
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1727 < [2, 3, 4] >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1728 :echo sort([3,7,2,1,4], {a, b -> a - b})
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1729 < [1, 2, 3, 4, 7]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1730
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1731 The lambda expression is also useful for Channel, Job and timer: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1732 :let timer = timer_start(500,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1733 \ {-> execute("echo 'Handler called'", "")},
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1734 \ {'repeat': 3})
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1735 < Handler called
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1736 Handler called
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1737 Handler called
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1738
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1739 Note that it is possible to cause memory to be used and not freed if the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1740 closure is referenced by the context it depends on: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1741 function Function()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1742 let x = 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1743 let F = {-> x}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1744 endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1745 The closure uses "x" from the function scope, and "F" in that same scope
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1746 refers to the closure. This cycle results in the memory not being freed.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1747 Recommendation: don't do this.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1748
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1749 Notice how execute() is used to execute an Ex command. That's ugly though.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1750 In Vim9 script you can use a command block, see \|inline-function\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1751
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1752 Although you can use the loop variable of a `for` command, it must still exist
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1753 when the closure is called, otherwise you get an error. E1302
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1754
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1755 Lambda expressions have internal names like '<lambda>42'. If you get an error
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1756 for a lambda expression, you can find what it is with the following command: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1757 :function <lambda>42
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1758 See also: \|numbered-function\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1759
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1760 ==============================================================================
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1761 3. Internal variable internal-variables E461 E1001
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1762
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1763 An internal variable name can be made up of letters, digits and '_'. But it
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1764 cannot start with a digit. In legacy script it is also possible to use curly
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1765 braces, see \|curly-braces-names\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1766
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1767 In legacy script an internal variable is created with the ":let" command
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1768 \|:let\|. An internal variable is explicitly destroyed with the ":unlet"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1769 command \|:unlet\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1770 Using a name that is not an internal variable or refers to a variable that has
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1771 been destroyed results in an error.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1772
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1773 In \|Vim9\| script `:let` is not used and variables work differently, see \|:var\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1774
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1775 variable-scope
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1776 There are several name spaces for variables. Which one is to be used is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1777 specified by what is prepended:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1778
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1779 (nothing) In a function: local to the function;
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1780 in a legacy script: global;
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1781 in a \|Vim9\| script: local to the script
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1782 \|buffer-variable\| b: Local to the current buffer.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1783 \|window-variable\| w: Local to the current window.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1784 \|tabpage-variable\| t: Local to the current tab page.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1785 \|global-variable\| g: Global.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1786 \|local-variable\| l: Local to a function (only in a legacy function)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1787 \|script-variable\| s: Local to a \|:source\|'ed Vim script.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1788 \|function-argument\| a: Function argument (only in a legacy function).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1789 \|vim-variable\| v: Global, predefined by Vim.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1790
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1791 The scope name by itself can be used as a \|Dictionary\|. For example, to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1792 delete all script-local variables: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1793 :for k in keys(s:)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1794 : unlet s:[k]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1795 :endfor
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1796
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1797 Note: in Vim9 script variables can also be local to a block of commands, see
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1798 \|vim9-scopes\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1799 buffer-variable b:var b:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1800 A variable name that is preceded with "b:" is local to the current buffer.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1801 Thus you can have several "b:foo" variables, one for each buffer.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1802 This kind of variable is deleted when the buffer is wiped out or deleted with
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1803 \|:bdelete\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1804
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1805 One local buffer variable is predefined:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1806 b:changedtick changetick
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1807 b:changedtick The total number of changes to the current buffer. It is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1808 incremented for each change. An undo command is also a change
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1809 in this case. Resetting 'modified' when writing the buffer is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1810 also counted.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1811 This can be used to perform an action only when the buffer has
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1812 changed. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1813 :if my_changedtick != b:changedtick
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1814 : let my_changedtick = b:changedtick
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1815 : call My_Update()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1816 :endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1817 < You cannot change or delete the b:changedtick variable.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1818 If you need more information about the change see
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1819 \|listener_add()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1820
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1821 window-variable w:var w:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1822 A variable name that is preceded with "w:" is local to the current window. It
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1823 is deleted when the window is closed.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1824
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1825 tabpage-variable t:var t:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1826 A variable name that is preceded with "t:" is local to the current tab page,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1827 It is deleted when the tab page is closed. {not available when compiled
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1828 without the \|+windows\| feature}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1829
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1830 global-variable g:var g:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1831 Inside functions and in \|Vim9\| script global variables are accessed with "g:".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1832 Omitting this will access a variable local to a function or script. "g:"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1833 can also be used in any other place if you like.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1834
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1835 local-variable l:var l:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1836 Inside functions local variables are accessed without prepending anything.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1837 But you can also prepend "l:" if you like. However, without prepending "l:"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1838 you may run into reserved variable names. For example "count". By itself it
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1839 refers to "v:count". Using "l:count" you can have a local variable with the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1840 same name.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1841
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1842 script-variable s:var
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1843 In a legacy Vim script variables starting with "s:" can be used. They cannot
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1844 be accessed from outside of the scripts, thus are local to the script.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1845 In \|Vim9\| script the "s:" prefix can be omitted, variables are script-local by
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1846 default.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1847
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1848 They can be used in:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1849 - commands executed while the script is sourced
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1850 - functions defined in the script
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1851 - autocommands defined in the script
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1852 - functions and autocommands defined in functions and autocommands which were
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1853 defined in the script (recursively)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1854 - user defined commands defined in the script
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1855 Thus not in:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1856 - other scripts sourced from this one
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1857 - mappings
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1858 - menus
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1859 - etc.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1860
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1861 Script variables can be used to avoid conflicts with global variable names.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1862 Take this example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1863
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1864 let s:counter = 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1865 function MyCounter()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1866 let s:counter = s:counter + 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1867 echo s:counter
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1868 endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1869 command Tick call MyCounter()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1870
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1871 You can now invoke "Tick" from any script, and the "s:counter" variable in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1872 that script will not be changed, only the "s:counter" in the script where
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1873 "Tick" was defined is used.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1874
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1875 Another example that does the same: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1876
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1877 let s:counter = 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1878 command Tick let s:counter = s:counter + 1 \| echo s:counter
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1879
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1880 When calling a function and invoking a user-defined command, the context for
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1881 script variables is set to the script where the function or command was
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1882 defined.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1883
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1884 The script variables are also available when a function is defined inside a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1885 function that is defined in a script. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1886
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1887 let s:counter = 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1888 function StartCounting(incr)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1889 if a:incr
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1890 function MyCounter()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1891 let s:counter = s:counter + 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1892 endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1893 else
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1894 function MyCounter()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1895 let s:counter = s:counter - 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1896 endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1897 endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1898 endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1899
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1900 This defines the MyCounter() function either for counting up or counting down
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1901 when calling StartCounting(). It doesn't matter from where StartCounting() is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1902 called, the s:counter variable will be accessible in MyCounter().
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1903
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1904 When the same script is sourced again it will use the same script variables.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1905 They will remain valid as long as Vim is running. This can be used to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1906 maintain a counter: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1907
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1908 if !exists("s:counter")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1909 let s:counter = 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1910 echo "script executed for the first time"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1911 else
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1912 let s:counter = s:counter + 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1913 echo "script executed " .. s:counter .. " times now"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1914 endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1915
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1916 Note that this means that filetype plugins don't get a different set of script
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1917 variables for each buffer. Use local buffer variables instead \|b:var\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1918
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1919
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1920 PREDEFINED VIM VARIABLES vim-variable v:var v:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1921 E963 E1063
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1922 Some variables can be set by the user, but the type cannot be changed.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1923
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1924 v:argv argv-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1925 v:argv The command line arguments Vim was invoked with. This is a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1926 list of strings. The first item is the Vim command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1927 See \|v:progpath\| for the command with full path.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1928
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1929 v:beval_col beval_col-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1930 v:beval_col The number of the column, over which the mouse pointer is.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1931 This is the byte index in the \|v:beval_lnum\| line.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1932 Only valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1933
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1934 v:beval_bufnr beval_bufnr-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1935 v:beval_bufnr The number of the buffer, over which the mouse pointer is. Only
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1936 valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1937
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1938 v:beval_lnum beval_lnum-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1939 v:beval_lnum The number of the line, over which the mouse pointer is. Only
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1940 valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1941
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1942 v:beval_text beval_text-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1943 v:beval_text The text under or after the mouse pointer. Usually a word as
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1944 it is useful for debugging a C program. 'iskeyword' applies,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1945 but a dot and "->" before the position is included. When on a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1946 ']' the text before it is used, including the matching '[' and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1947 word before it. When on a Visual area within one line the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1948 highlighted text is used. Also see \|<cexpr>\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1949 Only valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1950
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1951 v:beval_winnr beval_winnr-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1952 v:beval_winnr The number of the window, over which the mouse pointer is. Only
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1953 valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option. The first
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1954 window has number zero (unlike most other places where a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1955 window gets a number).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1956
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1957 v:beval_winid beval_winid-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1958 v:beval_winid The \|window-ID\| of the window, over which the mouse pointer
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1959 is. Otherwise like v:beval_winnr.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1960
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1961 v:char char-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1962 v:char Argument for evaluating 'formatexpr' and used for the typed
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1963 character when using <expr> in an abbreviation \|:map-<expr>\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1964 It is also used by the \|InsertCharPre\| and \|InsertEnter\| events.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1965
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1966 v:charconvert_from charconvert_from-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1967 v:charconvert_from
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1968 The name of the character encoding of a file to be converted.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1969 Only valid while evaluating the 'charconvert' option.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1970
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1971 v:charconvert_to charconvert_to-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1972 v:charconvert_to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1973 The name of the character encoding of a file after conversion.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1974 Only valid while evaluating the 'charconvert' option.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1975
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1976 v:cmdarg cmdarg-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1977 v:cmdarg This variable is used for two purposes:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1978 1. The extra arguments given to a file read/write command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1979 Currently these are "++enc=" and "++ff=". This variable is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1980 set before an autocommand event for a file read/write
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1981 command is triggered. There is a leading space to make it
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1982 possible to append this variable directly after the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1983 read/write command. Note: The "+cmd" argument isn't
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1984 included here, because it will be executed anyway.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1985 2. When printing a PostScript file with ":hardcopy" this is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1986 the argument for the ":hardcopy" command. This can be used
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1987 in 'printexpr'.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1988
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1989 v:cmdbang cmdbang-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1990 v:cmdbang Set like v:cmdarg for a file read/write command. When a "!"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1991 was used the value is 1, otherwise it is 0. Note that this
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1992 can only be used in autocommands. For user commands \|<bang>\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1993 can be used.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1994 v:collate collate-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1995 v:collate The current locale setting for collation order of the runtime
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1996 environment. This allows Vim scripts to be aware of the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1997 current locale encoding. Technical: it's the value of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1998 LC_COLLATE. When not using a locale the value is "C".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	1999 This variable can not be set directly, use the \|:language\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2000 command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2001 See \|multi-lang\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2002
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2003 v:colornames
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2004 v:colornames A dictionary that maps color names to hex color strings. These
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2005 color names can be used with the \|highlight-guifg\|,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2006 \|highlight-guibg\|, and \|highlight-guisp\| parameters. Updating
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2007 an entry in v:colornames has no immediate effect on the syntax
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2008 highlighting. The highlight commands (probably in a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2009 colorscheme script) need to be re-evaluated in order to use
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2010 the updated color values. For example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2011
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2012 :let v:colornames['fuscia'] = '#cf3ab4'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2013 :let v:colornames['mauve'] = '#915f6d'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2014 :highlight Normal guifg=fuscia guibg=mauve
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2015 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2016 This cannot be used to override the \|cterm-colors\| but it can
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2017 be used to override other colors. For example, the X11 colors
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2018 defined in the `colors/lists/default.vim` (previously defined
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2019 in \|rgb.txt\|). When defining new color names in a plugin, the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2020 recommended practice is to set a color entry only when it does
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2021 not already exist. For example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2022
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2023 :call extend(v:colornames, {
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2024 \ 'fuscia': '#cf3ab4',
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2025 \ 'mauve': '#915f6d,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2026 \ }, 'keep')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2027 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2028 Using \|extend()\| with the 'keep' option updates each color only
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2029 if it did not exist in \|v:colornames\|. Doing so allows the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2030 user to choose the precise color value for a common name
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2031 by setting it in their \|.vimrc\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2032
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2033 It is possible to remove entries from this dictionary but
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2034 doing so is NOT recommended, because it is disruptive to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2035 other scripts. It is also unlikely to achieve the desired
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2036 result because the \|:colorscheme\| and \|:highlight\| commands will
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2037 both automatically load all `colors/lists/default.vim` color
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2038 scripts.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2039
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2040 v:completed_item completed_item-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2041 v:completed_item
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2042 \|Dictionary\| containing the \|complete-items\| for the most
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2043 recently completed word after \|CompleteDone\|. The
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2044 \|Dictionary\| is empty if the completion failed.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2045 Note: Plugins can modify the value to emulate the builtin
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2046 \|CompleteDone\| event behavior.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2047
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2048 v:count count-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2049 v:count The count given for the last Normal mode command. Can be used
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2050 to get the count before a mapping. Read-only. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2051 :map _x :<C-U>echo "the count is " .. v:count<CR>
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2052 < Note: The <C-U> is required to remove the line range that you
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2053 get when typing ':' after a count.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2054 When there are two counts, as in "3d2w", they are multiplied,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2055 just like what happens in the command, "d6w" for the example.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2056 Also used for evaluating the 'formatexpr' option.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2057 "count" also works, for backwards compatibility, unless
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2058 \|scriptversion\| is 3 or higher.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2059
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2060 v:count1 count1-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2061 v:count1 Just like "v:count", but defaults to one when no count is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2062 used.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2063
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2064 v:ctype ctype-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2065 v:ctype The current locale setting for characters of the runtime
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2066 environment. This allows Vim scripts to be aware of the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2067 current locale encoding. Technical: it's the value of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2068 LC_CTYPE. When not using a locale the value is "C".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2069 This variable can not be set directly, use the \|:language\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2070 command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2071 See \|multi-lang\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2072
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2073 v:dying dying-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2074 v:dying Normally zero. When a deadly signal is caught it's set to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2075 one. When multiple signals are caught the number increases.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2076 Can be used in an autocommand to check if Vim didn't
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2077 terminate normally. {only works on Unix}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2078 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2079 :au VimLeave * if v:dying \| echo "\nAAAAaaaarrrggghhhh!!!\n" \| endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2080 < Note: if another deadly signal is caught when v:dying is one,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2081 VimLeave autocommands will not be executed.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2082
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2083 v:exiting exiting-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2084 v:exiting Vim exit code. Normally zero, non-zero when something went
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2085 wrong. The value is v:null before invoking the \|VimLeavePre\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2086 and \|VimLeave\| autocmds. See \|:q\|, \|:x\| and \|:cquit\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2087 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2088 :au VimLeave * echo "Exit value is " .. v:exiting
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2089 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2090 v:echospace echospace-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2091 v:echospace Number of screen cells that can be used for an `:echo` message
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2092 in the last screen line before causing the \|hit-enter-prompt\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2093 Depends on 'showcmd', 'ruler' and 'columns'. You need to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2094 check 'cmdheight' for whether there are full-width lines
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2095 available above the last line.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2096
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2097 v:errmsg errmsg-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2098 v:errmsg Last given error message. It's allowed to set this variable.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2099 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2100 :let v:errmsg = ""
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2101 :silent! next
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2102 :if v:errmsg != ""
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2103 : ... handle error
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2104 < "errmsg" also works, for backwards compatibility, unless
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2105 \|scriptversion\| is 3 or higher.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2106
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2107 v:errors errors-variable assert-return
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2108 v:errors Errors found by assert functions, such as \|assert_true()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2109 This is a list of strings.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2110 The assert functions append an item when an assert fails.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2111 The return value indicates this: a one is returned if an item
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2112 was added to v:errors, otherwise zero is returned.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2113 To remove old results make it empty: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2114 :let v:errors = []
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2115 < If v:errors is set to anything but a list it is made an empty
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2116 list by the assert function.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2117
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2118 v:event event-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2119 v:event Dictionary containing information about the current
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2120 \|autocommand\|. See the specific event for what it puts in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2121 this dictionary.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2122 The dictionary is emptied when the \|autocommand\| finishes,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2123 please refer to \|dict-identity\| for how to get an independent
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2124 copy of it. Use \|deepcopy()\| if you want to keep the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2125 information after the event triggers. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2126 au TextYankPost * let g:foo = deepcopy(v:event)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2127 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2128 v:exception exception-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2129 v:exception The value of the exception most recently caught and not
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2130 finished. See also \|v:throwpoint\| and \|throw-variables\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2131 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2132 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2133 : throw "oops"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2134 :catch /.*/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2135 : echo "caught " .. v:exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2136 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2137 < Output: "caught oops".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2138
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2139 v:false false-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2140 v:false A Number with value zero. Used to put "false" in JSON. See
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2141 \|json_encode()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2142 When used as a string this evaluates to "v:false". >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2143 echo v:false
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2144 < v:false ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2145 That is so that eval() can parse the string back to the same
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2146 value. Read-only.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2147 In \|Vim9\| script "false" can be used which has a boolean type.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2148
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2149 v:fcs_reason fcs_reason-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2150 v:fcs_reason The reason why the \|FileChangedShell\| event was triggered.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2151 Can be used in an autocommand to decide what to do and/or what
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2152 to set v:fcs_choice to. Possible values:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2153 deleted file no longer exists
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2154 conflict file contents, mode or timestamp was
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2155 changed and buffer is modified
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2156 changed file contents has changed
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2157 mode mode of file changed
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2158 time only file timestamp changed
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2159
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2160 v:fcs_choice fcs_choice-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2161 v:fcs_choice What should happen after a \|FileChangedShell\| event was
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2162 triggered. Can be used in an autocommand to tell Vim what to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2163 do with the affected buffer:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2164 reload Reload the buffer (does not work if
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2165 the file was deleted).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2166 edit Reload the buffer and detect the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2167 values for options such as
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2168 'fileformat', 'fileencoding', 'binary'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2169 (does not work if the file was
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2170 deleted).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2171 ask Ask the user what to do, as if there
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2172 was no autocommand. Except that when
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2173 only the timestamp changed nothing
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2174 will happen.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2175 <empty> Nothing, the autocommand should do
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2176 everything that needs to be done.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2177 The default is empty. If another (invalid) value is used then
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2178 Vim behaves like it is empty, there is no warning message.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2179
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2180 v:fname fname-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2181 v:fname When evaluating 'includeexpr': the file name that was
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2182 detected. Empty otherwise.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2183
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2184 v:fname_in fname_in-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2185 v:fname_in The name of the input file. Valid while evaluating:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2186 option used for ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2187 'charconvert' file to be converted
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2188 'diffexpr' original file
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2189 'patchexpr' original file
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2190 'printexpr' file to be printed
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2191 And set to the swap file name for \|SwapExists\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2192
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2193 v:fname_out fname_out-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2194 v:fname_out The name of the output file. Only valid while
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2195 evaluating:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2196 option used for ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2197 'charconvert' resulting converted file (*)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2198 'diffexpr' output of diff
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2199 'patchexpr' resulting patched file
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2200 (*) When doing conversion for a write command (e.g., ":w
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2201 file") it will be equal to v:fname_in. When doing conversion
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2202 for a read command (e.g., ":e file") it will be a temporary
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2203 file and different from v:fname_in.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2204
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2205 v:fname_new fname_new-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2206 v:fname_new The name of the new version of the file. Only valid while
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2207 evaluating 'diffexpr'.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2208
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2209 v:fname_diff fname_diff-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2210 v:fname_diff The name of the diff (patch) file. Only valid while
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2211 evaluating 'patchexpr'.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2212
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2213 v:folddashes folddashes-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2214 v:folddashes Used for 'foldtext': dashes representing foldlevel of a closed
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2215 fold.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2216 Read-only in the \|sandbox\|. \|fold-foldtext\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2217
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2218 v:foldlevel foldlevel-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2219 v:foldlevel Used for 'foldtext': foldlevel of closed fold.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2220 Read-only in the \|sandbox\|. \|fold-foldtext\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2221
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2222 v:foldend foldend-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2223 v:foldend Used for 'foldtext': last line of closed fold.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2224 Read-only in the \|sandbox\|. \|fold-foldtext\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2225
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2226 v:foldstart foldstart-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2227 v:foldstart Used for 'foldtext': first line of closed fold.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2228 Read-only in the \|sandbox\|. \|fold-foldtext\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2229
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2230 v:hlsearch hlsearch-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2231 v:hlsearch Variable that indicates whether search highlighting is on.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2232 Setting it makes sense only if 'hlsearch' is enabled which
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2233 requires \|+extra_search\|. Setting this variable to zero acts
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2234 like the \|:nohlsearch\| command, setting it to one acts like >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2235 let &hlsearch = &hlsearch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2236 < Note that the value is restored when returning from a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2237 function. \|function-search-undo\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2238
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2239 v:insertmode insertmode-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2240 v:insertmode Used for the \|InsertEnter\| and \|InsertChange\| autocommand
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2241 events. Values:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2242 i Insert mode
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2243 r Replace mode
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2244 v Virtual Replace mode
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2245
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2246 v:key key-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2247 v:key Key of the current item of a \|Dictionary\|. Only valid while
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2248 evaluating the expression used with \|map()\| and \|filter()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2249 Read-only.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2250
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2251 v:lang lang-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2252 v:lang The current locale setting for messages of the runtime
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2253 environment. This allows Vim scripts to be aware of the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2254 current language. Technical: it's the value of LC_MESSAGES.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2255 The value is system dependent.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2256 This variable can not be set directly, use the \|:language\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2257 command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2258 It can be different from \|v:ctype\| when messages are desired
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2259 in a different language than what is used for character
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2260 encoding. See \|multi-lang\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2261
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2262 v:lc_time lc_time-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2263 v:lc_time The current locale setting for time messages of the runtime
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2264 environment. This allows Vim scripts to be aware of the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2265 current language. Technical: it's the value of LC_TIME.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2266 This variable can not be set directly, use the \|:language\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2267 command. See \|multi-lang\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2268
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2269 v:lnum lnum-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2270 v:lnum Line number for the 'foldexpr' \|fold-expr\|, 'formatexpr' and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2271 'indentexpr' expressions, tab page number for 'guitablabel'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2272 and 'guitabtooltip'. Only valid while one of these
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2273 expressions is being evaluated. Read-only when in the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2274 \|sandbox\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2275
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2276 v:maxcol maxcol-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2277 v:maxcol Maximum line length. Depending on where it is used it can be
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2278 screen columns, characters or bytes. The value currently is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2279 2147483647 on all systems.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2280
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2281 v:mouse_win mouse_win-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2282 v:mouse_win Window number for a mouse click obtained with \|getchar()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2283 First window has number 1, like with \|winnr()\|. The value is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2284 zero when there was no mouse button click.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2285
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2286 v:mouse_winid mouse_winid-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2287 v:mouse_winid Window ID for a mouse click obtained with \|getchar()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2288 The value is zero when there was no mouse button click.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2289
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2290 v:mouse_lnum mouse_lnum-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2291 v:mouse_lnum Line number for a mouse click obtained with \|getchar()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2292 This is the text line number, not the screen line number. The
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2293 value is zero when there was no mouse button click.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2294
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2295 v:mouse_col mouse_col-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2296 v:mouse_col Column number for a mouse click obtained with \|getchar()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2297 This is the screen column number, like with \|virtcol()\|. The
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2298 value is zero when there was no mouse button click.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2299
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2300 v:none none-variable None
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2301 v:none An empty String. Used to put an empty item in JSON. See
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2302 \|json_encode()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2303 This can also be used as a function argument to use the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2304 default value, see \|none-function_argument\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2305 When used as a number this evaluates to zero.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2306 When used as a string this evaluates to "v:none". >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2307 echo v:none
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2308 < v:none ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2309 That is so that eval() can parse the string back to the same
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2310 value. Read-only.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2311 Note that using `== v:none` and `!= v:none` will often give
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2312 an error. Instead, use `is v:none` and `isnot v:none` .
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2313
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2314 v:null null-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2315 v:null An empty String. Used to put "null" in JSON. See
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2316 \|json_encode()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2317 When used as a number this evaluates to zero.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2318 When used as a string this evaluates to "v:null". >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2319 echo v:null
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2320 < v:null ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2321 That is so that eval() can parse the string back to the same
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2322 value. Read-only.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2323 In \|Vim9\| script `null` can be used without "v:".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2324 In some places `v:null` and `null` can be used for a List,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2325 Dict, Job, etc. that is not set. That is slightly different
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2326 than an empty List, Dict, etc.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2327
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2328 v:numbermax numbermax-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2329 v:numbermax Maximum value of a number.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2330
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2331 v:numbermin numbermin-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2332 v:numbermin Minimum value of a number (negative).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2333
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2334 v:numbersize numbersize-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2335 v:numbersize Number of bits in a Number. This is normally 64, but on some
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2336 systems it may be 32.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2337
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2338 v:oldfiles oldfiles-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2339 v:oldfiles List of file names that is loaded from the \|viminfo\| file on
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2340 startup. These are the files that Vim remembers marks for.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2341 The length of the List is limited by the ' argument of the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2342 'viminfo' option (default is 100).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2343 When the \|viminfo\| file is not used the List is empty.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2344 Also see \|:oldfiles\| and \|c_#<\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2345 The List can be modified, but this has no effect on what is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2346 stored in the \|viminfo\| file later. If you use values other
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2347 than String this will cause trouble.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2348 {only when compiled with the \|+viminfo\| feature}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2349
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2350 v:option_new
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2351 v:option_new New value of the option. Valid while executing an \|OptionSet\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2352 autocommand.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2353 v:option_old
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2354 v:option_old Old value of the option. Valid while executing an \|OptionSet\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2355 autocommand. Depending on the command used for setting and the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2356 kind of option this is either the local old value or the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2357 global old value.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2358 v:option_oldlocal
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2359 v:option_oldlocal
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2360 Old local value of the option. Valid while executing an
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2361 \|OptionSet\| autocommand.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2362 v:option_oldglobal
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2363 v:option_oldglobal
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2364 Old global value of the option. Valid while executing an
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2365 \|OptionSet\| autocommand.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2366 v:option_type
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2367 v:option_type Scope of the set command. Valid while executing an
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2368 \|OptionSet\| autocommand. Can be either "global" or "local"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2369 v:option_command
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2370 v:option_command
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2371 Command used to set the option. Valid while executing an
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2372 \|OptionSet\| autocommand.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2373 value option was set via ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2374 "setlocal" \|:setlocal\| or ":let l:xxx"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2375 "setglobal" \|:setglobal\| or ":let g:xxx"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2376 "set" \|:set\| or \|:let\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2377 "modeline" \|modeline\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2378 v:operator operator-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2379 v:operator The last operator given in Normal mode. This is a single
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2380 character except for commands starting with <g> or <z>,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2381 in which case it is two characters. Best used alongside
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2382 \|v:prevcount\| and \|v:register\|. Useful if you want to cancel
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2383 Operator-pending mode and then use the operator, e.g.: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2384 :omap O <Esc>:call MyMotion(v:operator)<CR>
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2385 < The value remains set until another operator is entered, thus
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2386 don't expect it to be empty.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2387 v:operator is not set for \|:delete\|, \|:yank\| or other Ex
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2388 commands.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2389 Read-only.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2390
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2391 v:prevcount prevcount-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2392 v:prevcount The count given for the last but one Normal mode command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2393 This is the v:count value of the previous command. Useful if
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2394 you want to cancel Visual or Operator-pending mode and then
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2395 use the count, e.g.: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2396 :vmap % <Esc>:call MyFilter(v:prevcount)<CR>
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2397 < Read-only.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2398
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2399 v:profiling profiling-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2400 v:profiling Normally zero. Set to one after using ":profile start".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2401 See \|profiling\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2402
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2403 v:progname progname-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2404 v:progname Contains the name (with path removed) with which Vim was
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2405 invoked. Allows you to do special initialisations for \|view\|,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2406 \|evim\| etc., or any other name you might symlink to Vim.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2407 Read-only.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2408
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2409 v:progpath progpath-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2410 v:progpath Contains the command with which Vim was invoked, in a form
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2411 that when passed to the shell will run the same Vim executable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2412 as the current one (if $PATH remains unchanged).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2413 Useful if you want to message a Vim server using a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2414 \|--remote-expr\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2415 To get the full path use: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2416 echo exepath(v:progpath)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2417 < If the command has a relative path it will be expanded to the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2418 full path, so that it still works after `:cd`. Thus starting
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2419 "./vim" results in "/home/user/path/to/vim/src/vim".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2420 On Linux and other systems it will always be the full path.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2421 On Mac it may just be "vim" and using exepath() as mentioned
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2422 above should be used to get the full path.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2423 On MS-Windows the executable may be called "vim.exe", but the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2424 ".exe" is not added to v:progpath.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2425 Read-only.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2426
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2427 v:register register-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2428 v:register The name of the register in effect for the current normal mode
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2429 command (regardless of whether that command actually used a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2430 register). Or for the currently executing normal mode mapping
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2431 (use this in custom commands that take a register).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2432 If none is supplied it is the default register '"', unless
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2433 'clipboard' contains "unnamed" or "unnamedplus", then it is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2434 '*' or '+'.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2435 Also see \|getreg()\| and \|setreg()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2436
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2437 v:scrollstart scrollstart-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2438 v:scrollstart String describing the script or function that caused the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2439 screen to scroll up. It's only set when it is empty, thus the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2440 first reason is remembered. It is set to "Unknown" for a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2441 typed command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2442 This can be used to find out why your script causes the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2443 hit-enter prompt.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2444
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2445 v:servername servername-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2446 v:servername The resulting registered \|client-server-name\| if any.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2447 Read-only.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2448
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2449
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2450 v:searchforward v:searchforward searchforward-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2451 Search direction: 1 after a forward search, 0 after a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2452 backward search. It is reset to forward when directly setting
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2453 the last search pattern, see \|quote/\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2454 Note that the value is restored when returning from a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2455 function. \|function-search-undo\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2456 Read-write.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2457
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2458 v:shell_error shell_error-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2459 v:shell_error Result of the last shell command. When non-zero, the last
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2460 shell command had an error. When zero, there was no problem.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2461 This only works when the shell returns the error code to Vim.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2462 The value -1 is often used when the command could not be
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2463 executed. Read-only.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2464 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2465 :!mv foo bar
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2466 :if v:shell_error
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2467 : echo 'could not rename "foo" to "bar"!'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2468 :endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2469 < "shell_error" also works, for backwards compatibility, unless
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2470 \|scriptversion\| is 3 or higher.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2471
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2472 v:sizeofint sizeofint-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2473 v:sizeofint Number of bytes in an int. Depends on how Vim was compiled.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2474 This is only useful for deciding whether a test will give the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2475 expected result.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2476
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2477 v:sizeoflong sizeoflong-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2478 v:sizeoflong Number of bytes in a long. Depends on how Vim was compiled.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2479 This is only useful for deciding whether a test will give the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2480 expected result.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2481
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2482 v:sizeofpointer sizeofpointer-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2483 v:sizeofpointer Number of bytes in a pointer. Depends on how Vim was compiled.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2484 This is only useful for deciding whether a test will give the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2485 expected result.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2486
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2487 v:statusmsg statusmsg-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2488 v:statusmsg Last given status message. It's allowed to set this variable.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2489
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2490 v:swapname swapname-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2491 v:swapname Only valid when executing \|SwapExists\| autocommands: Name of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2492 the swap file found. Read-only.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2493
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2494 v:swapchoice swapchoice-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2495 v:swapchoice \|SwapExists\| autocommands can set this to the selected choice
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2496 for handling an existing swap file:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2497 'o' Open read-only
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2498 'e' Edit anyway
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2499 'r' Recover
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2500 'd' Delete swapfile
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2501 'q' Quit
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2502 'a' Abort
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2503 The value should be a single-character string. An empty value
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2504 results in the user being asked, as would happen when there is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2505 no SwapExists autocommand. The default is empty.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2506
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2507 v:swapcommand swapcommand-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2508 v:swapcommand Normal mode command to be executed after a file has been
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2509 opened. Can be used for a \|SwapExists\| autocommand to have
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2510 another Vim open the file and jump to the right place. For
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2511 example, when jumping to a tag the value is ":tag tagname\r".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2512 For ":edit +cmd file" the value is ":cmd\r".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2513
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2514 v:t_TYPE v:t_bool t_bool-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2515 v:t_bool Value of \|Boolean\| type. Read-only. See: \|type()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2516 v:t_channel t_channel-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2517 v:t_channel Value of \|Channel\| type. Read-only. See: \|type()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2518 v:t_dict t_dict-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2519 v:t_dict Value of \|Dictionary\| type. Read-only. See: \|type()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2520 v:t_float t_float-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2521 v:t_float Value of \|Float\| type. Read-only. See: \|type()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2522 v:t_func t_func-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2523 v:t_func Value of \|Funcref\| type. Read-only. See: \|type()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2524 v:t_job t_job-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2525 v:t_job Value of \|Job\| type. Read-only. See: \|type()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2526 v:t_list t_list-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2527 v:t_list Value of \|List\| type. Read-only. See: \|type()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2528 v:t_none t_none-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2529 v:t_none Value of \|None\| type. Read-only. See: \|type()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2530 v:t_number t_number-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2531 v:t_number Value of \|Number\| type. Read-only. See: \|type()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2532 v:t_string t_string-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2533 v:t_string Value of \|String\| type. Read-only. See: \|type()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2534 v:t_blob t_blob-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2535 v:t_blob Value of \|Blob\| type. Read-only. See: \|type()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2536 v:t_class t_class-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2537 v:t_class Value of \|class\| type. Read-only. See: \|type()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2538 v:t_object t_object-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2539 v:t_object Value of \|object\| type. Read-only. See: \|type()\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2540
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2541 v:termresponse termresponse-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2542 v:termresponse The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the \|t_RV\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2543 termcap entry. It is set when Vim receives an escape sequence
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2544 that starts with ESC [ or CSI, then '>' or '?' and ends in a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2545 'c', with only digits and ';' in between.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2546 When this option is set, the TermResponse autocommand event is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2547 fired, so that you can react to the response from the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2548 terminal. You can use \|terminalprops()\| to see what Vim
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2549 figured out about the terminal.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2550 The response from a new xterm is: "<Esc>[> Pp ; Pv ; Pc c". Pp
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2551 is the terminal type: 0 for vt100 and 1 for vt220. Pv is the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2552 patch level (since this was introduced in patch 95, it's
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2553 always 95 or higher). Pc is always zero.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2554 If Pv is 141 or higher then Vim will try to request terminal
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2555 codes. This only works with xterm \|xterm-codes\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2556 {only when compiled with \|+termresponse\| feature}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2557
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2558 v:termblinkresp
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2559 v:termblinkresp The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the \|t_RC\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2560 termcap entry. This is used to find out whether the terminal
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2561 cursor is blinking. This is used by \|term_getcursor()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2562
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2563 v:termstyleresp
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2564 v:termstyleresp The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the \|t_RS\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2565 termcap entry. This is used to find out what the shape of the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2566 cursor is. This is used by \|term_getcursor()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2567
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2568 v:termrbgresp
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2569 v:termrbgresp The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the \|t_RB\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2570 termcap entry. This is used to find out what the terminal
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2571 background color is, see 'background'.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2572
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2573 v:termrfgresp
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2574 v:termrfgresp The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the \|t_RF\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2575 termcap entry. This is used to find out what the terminal
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2576 foreground color is.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2577
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2578 v:termu7resp
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2579 v:termu7resp The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the \|t_u7\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2580 termcap entry. This is used to find out what the terminal
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2581 does with ambiguous width characters, see 'ambiwidth'.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2582
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2583 v:testing testing-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2584 v:testing Must be set before using `test_garbagecollect_now()`.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2585 Also, when set certain error messages won't be shown for 2
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2586 seconds. (e.g. "'dictionary' option is empty")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2587
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2588 v:this_session this_session-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2589 v:this_session Full filename of the last loaded or saved session file. See
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2590 \|:mksession\|. It is allowed to set this variable. When no
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2591 session file has been saved, this variable is empty.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2592 "this_session" also works, for backwards compatibility, unless
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2593 \|scriptversion\| is 3 or higher
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2594
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2595 v:throwpoint throwpoint-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2596 v:throwpoint The point where the exception most recently caught and not
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2597 finished was thrown. Not set when commands are typed. See
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2598 also \|v:exception\| and \|throw-variables\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2599 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2600 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2601 : throw "oops"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2602 :catch /.*/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2603 : echo "Exception from" v:throwpoint
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2604 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2605 < Output: "Exception from test.vim, line 2"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2606
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2607 v:true true-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2608 v:true A Number with value one. Used to put "true" in JSON. See
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2609 \|json_encode()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2610 When used as a string this evaluates to "v:true". >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2611 echo v:true
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2612 < v:true ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2613 That is so that eval() can parse the string back to the same
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2614 value. Read-only.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2615 In \|Vim9\| script "true" can be used which has a boolean type.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2616 v:val val-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2617 v:val Value of the current item of a \|List\| or \|Dictionary\|. Only
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2618 valid while evaluating the expression used with \|map()\| and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2619 \|filter()\|. Read-only.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2620
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2621 v:version version-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2622 v:version Version number of Vim: Major version number times 100 plus
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2623 minor version number. Version 5.0 is 500. Version 5.1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2624 is 501. Read-only. "version" also works, for backwards
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2625 compatibility, unless \|scriptversion\| is 3 or higher.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2626 Use \|has()\| to check if a certain patch was included, e.g.: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2627 if has("patch-7.4.123")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2628 < Note that patch numbers are specific to the version, thus both
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2629 version 5.0 and 5.1 may have a patch 123, but these are
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2630 completely different.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2631
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2632 v:versionlong versionlong-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2633 v:versionlong Like v:version, but also including the patchlevel in the last
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2634 four digits. Version 8.1 with patch 123 has value 8010123.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2635 This can be used like this: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2636 if v:versionlong >= 8010123
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2637 < However, if there are gaps in the list of patches included
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2638 this will not work well. This can happen if a recent patch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2639 was included into an older version, e.g. for a security fix.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2640 Use the has() function to make sure the patch is actually
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2641 included.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2642
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2643 v:vim_did_enter vim_did_enter-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2644 v:vim_did_enter Zero until most of startup is done. It is set to one just
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2645 before \|VimEnter\| autocommands are triggered.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2646
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2647 v:warningmsg warningmsg-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2648 v:warningmsg Last given warning message. It's allowed to set this variable.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2649
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2650 v:windowid windowid-variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2651 v:windowid When any X11 based GUI is running or when running in a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2652 terminal and Vim connects to the X server (\|-X\|) this will be
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2653 set to the window ID.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2654 When an MS-Windows GUI is running this will be set to the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2655 window handle.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2656 Otherwise the value is zero.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2657 Note: for windows inside Vim use \|winnr()\| or \|win_getid()\|,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2658 see \|window-ID\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2659
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2660 ==============================================================================
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2661 4. Builtin Functions functions
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2662
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2663 See \|function-list\| for a list grouped by what the function is used for.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2664
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2665 The alphabetic list of all builtin functions and details are in a separate
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2666 help file: \|builtin-functions\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2667
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2668 ==============================================================================
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2669 5. Defining functions user-functions
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2670
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2671 New functions can be defined. These can be called just like builtin
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2672 functions. The function takes arguments, executes a sequence of Ex commands
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2673 and can return a value.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2674
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2675 You can find most information about defining functions in \|userfunc.txt\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2676 For Vim9 functions, which execute much faster, support type checking and more,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2677 see \|vim9.txt\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2678
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2679 ==============================================================================
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2680 6. Curly braces names curly-braces-names
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2681
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2682 In most places where you can use a variable, you can use a "curly braces name"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2683 variable. This is a regular variable name with one or more expressions
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2684 wrapped in braces {} like this: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2685 my_{adjective}_variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2686
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2687 This only works in legacy Vim script, not in \|Vim9\| script.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2688
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2689 When Vim encounters this, it evaluates the expression inside the braces, puts
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2690 that in place of the expression, and re-interprets the whole as a variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2691 name. So in the above example, if the variable "adjective" was set to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2692 "noisy", then the reference would be to "my_noisy_variable", whereas if
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2693 "adjective" was set to "quiet", then it would be to "my_quiet_variable".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2694
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2695 One application for this is to create a set of variables governed by an option
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2696 value. For example, the statement >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2697 echo my_{&background}_message
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2698
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2699 would output the contents of "my_dark_message" or "my_light_message" depending
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2700 on the current value of 'background'.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2701
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2702 You can use multiple brace pairs: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2703 echo my_{adverb}_{adjective}_message
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2704 ..or even nest them: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2705 echo my_{ad{end_of_word}}_message
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2706 where "end_of_word" is either "verb" or "jective".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2707
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2708 However, the expression inside the braces must evaluate to a valid single
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2709 variable name, e.g. this is invalid: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2710 :let foo='a + b'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2711 :echo c{foo}d
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2712 .. since the result of expansion is "ca + bd", which is not a variable name.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2713
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2714 curly-braces-function-names
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2715 You can call and define functions by an evaluated name in a similar way.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2716 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2717 :let func_end='whizz'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2718 :call my_func_{func_end}(parameter)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2719
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2720 This would call the function "my_func_whizz(parameter)".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2721
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2722 This does NOT work: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2723 :let i = 3
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2724 :let @{i} = '' " error
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2725 :echo @{i} " error
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2726
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2727 ==============================================================================
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2728 7. Commands expression-commands
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2729
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2730 Note: in \|Vim9\| script `:let` is not used. `:var` is used for variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2731 declarations and assignments do not use a command. \|vim9-declaration\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2732
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2733 :let {var-name} = {expr1} :let E18
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2734 Set internal variable {var-name} to the result of the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2735 expression {expr1}. The variable will get the type
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2736 from the {expr}. If {var-name} didn't exist yet, it
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2737 is created.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2738
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2739 :let {var-name}[{idx}] = {expr1} E689 E1141
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2740 Set a list item to the result of the expression
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2741 {expr1}. {var-name} must refer to a list and {idx}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2742 must be a valid index in that list. For nested list
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2743 the index can be repeated.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2744 This cannot be used to add an item to a \|List\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2745 This cannot be used to set a byte in a String. You
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2746 can do that like this: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2747 :let var = var[0:2] .. 'X' .. var[4:]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2748 < When {var-name} is a \|Blob\| then {idx} can be the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2749 length of the blob, in which case one byte is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2750 appended.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2751
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2752 E711 E719 E1165 E1166 E1183
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2753 :let {var-name}[{idx1}:{idx2}] = {expr1} E708 E709 E710
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2754 Set a sequence of items in a \|List\| to the result of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2755 the expression {expr1}, which must be a list with the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2756 correct number of items.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2757 {idx1} can be omitted, zero is used instead.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2758 {idx2} can be omitted, meaning the end of the list.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2759 When the selected range of items is partly past the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2760 end of the list, items will be added.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2761
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2762 :let+= :let-= :letstar= :let/= :let%=
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2763 :let.= :let..= E734 E985 E1019
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2764 :let {var} += {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} + {expr1}".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2765 :let {var} -= {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} - {expr1}".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2766 :let {var} = {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} {expr1}".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2767 :let {var} /= {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} / {expr1}".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2768 :let {var} %= {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} % {expr1}".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2769 :let {var} .= {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} . {expr1}".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2770 :let {var} ..= {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} .. {expr1}".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2771 These fail if {var} was not set yet and when the type
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2772 of {var} and {expr1} don't fit the operator.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2773 `.=` is not supported with Vim script version 2 and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2774 later, see \|vimscript-version\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2775
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2776
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2777 :let ${env-name} = {expr1} :let-environment :let-$
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2778 Set environment variable {env-name} to the result of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2779 the expression {expr1}. The type is always String.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2780
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2781 On some systems making an environment variable empty
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2782 causes it to be deleted. Many systems do not make a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2783 difference between an environment variable that is not
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2784 set and an environment variable that is empty.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2785
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2786 :let ${env-name} .= {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2787 Append {expr1} to the environment variable {env-name}.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2788 If the environment variable didn't exist yet this
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2789 works like "=".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2790
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2791 :let @{reg-name} = {expr1} :let-register :let-@
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2792 Write the result of the expression {expr1} in register
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2793 {reg-name}. {reg-name} must be a single letter, and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2794 must be the name of a writable register (see
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2795 \|registers\|). "@@" can be used for the unnamed
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2796 register, "@/" for the search pattern.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2797 If the result of {expr1} ends in a <CR> or <NL>, the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2798 register will be linewise, otherwise it will be set to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2799 characterwise.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2800 This can be used to clear the last search pattern: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2801 :let @/ = ""
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2802 < This is different from searching for an empty string,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2803 that would match everywhere.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2804
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2805 :let @{reg-name} .= {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2806 Append {expr1} to register {reg-name}. If the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2807 register was empty it's like setting it to {expr1}.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2808
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2809 :let &{option-name} = {expr1} :let-option :let-&
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2810 Set option {option-name} to the result of the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2811 expression {expr1}. A String or Number value is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2812 always converted to the type of the option.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2813 For an option local to a window or buffer the effect
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2814 is just like using the \|:set\| command: both the local
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2815 value and the global value are changed.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2816 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2817 :let &path = &path .. ',/usr/local/include'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2818 < This also works for terminal codes in the form t_xx.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2819 But only for alphanumerical names. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2820 :let &t_k1 = "\<Esc>[234;"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2821 < When the code does not exist yet it will be created as
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2822 a terminal key code, there is no error.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2823
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2824 :let &{option-name} .= {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2825 For a string option: Append {expr1} to the value.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2826 Does not insert a comma like \|:set+=\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2827
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2828 :let &{option-name} += {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2829 :let &{option-name} -= {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2830 For a number or boolean option: Add or subtract
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2831 {expr1}.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2832
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2833 :let &l:{option-name} = {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2834 :let &l:{option-name} .= {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2835 :let &l:{option-name} += {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2836 :let &l:{option-name} -= {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2837 Like above, but only set the local value of an option
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2838 (if there is one). Works like \|:setlocal\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2839
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2840 :let &g:{option-name} = {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2841 :let &g:{option-name} .= {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2842 :let &g:{option-name} += {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2843 :let &g:{option-name} -= {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2844 Like above, but only set the global value of an option
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2845 (if there is one). Works like \|:setglobal\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2846 E1093
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2847 :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] = {expr1} :let-unpack E687 E688
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2848 {expr1} must evaluate to a \|List\|. The first item in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2849 the list is assigned to {name1}, the second item to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2850 {name2}, etc.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2851 The number of names must match the number of items in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2852 the \|List\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2853 Each name can be one of the items of the ":let"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2854 command as mentioned above.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2855 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2856 :let [s, item] = GetItem(s)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2857 < Detail: {expr1} is evaluated first, then the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2858 assignments are done in sequence. This matters if
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2859 {name2} depends on {name1}. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2860 :let x = [0, 1]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2861 :let i = 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2862 :let [i, x[i]] = [1, 2]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2863 :echo x
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2864 < The result is [0, 2].
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2865
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2866 :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] .= {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2867 :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] += {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2868 :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] -= {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2869 Like above, but append/add/subtract the value for each
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2870 \|List\| item.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2871
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2872 :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] = {expr1} E452
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2873 Like \|:let-unpack\| above, but the \|List\| may have more
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2874 items than there are names. A list of the remaining
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2875 items is assigned to {lastname}. If there are no
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2876 remaining items {lastname} is set to an empty list.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2877 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2878 :let [a, b; rest] = ["aval", "bval", 3, 4]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2879 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2880 :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] .= {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2881 :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] += {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2882 :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] -= {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2883 Like above, but append/add/subtract the value for each
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2884 \|List\| item.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2885
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2886 :let=<< :let-heredoc
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2887 E990 E991 E172 E221 E1145
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2888 :let {var-name} =<< [trim] [eval] {endmarker}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2889 text...
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2890 text...
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2891 {endmarker}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2892 Set internal variable {var-name} to a \|List\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2893 containing the lines of text bounded by the string
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2894 {endmarker}.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2895
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2896 If "eval" is not specified, then each line of text is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2897 used as a \|literal-string\|, except that single quotes
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2898 does not need to be doubled.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2899 If "eval" is specified, then any Vim expression in the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2900 form {expr} is evaluated and the result replaces the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2901 expression, like with \|interpolated-string\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2902 Example where $HOME is expanded: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2903 let lines =<< trim eval END
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2904 some text
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2905 See the file {$HOME}/.vimrc
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2906 more text
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2907 END
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2908 < There can be multiple Vim expressions in a single line
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2909 but an expression cannot span multiple lines. If any
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2910 expression evaluation fails, then the assignment fails.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2911
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2912 {endmarker} must not contain white space.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2913 {endmarker} cannot start with a lower case character.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2914 The last line should end only with the {endmarker}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2915 string without any other character. Watch out for
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2916 white space after {endmarker}!
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2917
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2918 Without "trim" any white space characters in the lines
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2919 of text are preserved. If "trim" is specified before
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2920 {endmarker}, then indentation is stripped so you can
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2921 do: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2922 let text =<< trim END
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2923 if ok
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2924 echo 'done'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2925 endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2926 END
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2927 < Results in: ["if ok", " echo 'done'", "endif"]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2928 The marker must line up with "let" and the indentation
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2929 of the first line is removed from all the text lines.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2930 Specifically: all the leading indentation exactly
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2931 matching the leading indentation of the first
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2932 non-empty text line is stripped from the input lines.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2933 All leading indentation exactly matching the leading
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2934 indentation before `let` is stripped from the line
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2935 containing {endmarker}. Note that the difference
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2936 between space and tab matters here.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2937
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2938 If {var-name} didn't exist yet, it is created.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2939 Cannot be followed by another command, but can be
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2940 followed by a comment.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2941
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2942 To avoid line continuation to be applied, consider
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2943 adding 'C' to 'cpoptions': >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2944 set cpo+=C
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2945 let var =<< END
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2946 \ leading backslash
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2947 END
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2948 set cpo-=C
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2949 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2950 Examples: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2951 let var1 =<< END
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2952 Sample text 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2953 Sample text 2
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2954 Sample text 3
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2955 END
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2956
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2957 let data =<< trim DATA
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2958 1 2 3 4
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2959 5 6 7 8
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2960 DATA
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2961
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2962 let code =<< trim eval CODE
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2963 let v = {10 + 20}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2964 let h = "{$HOME}"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2965 let s = "{Str1()} abc {Str2()}"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2966 let n = {MyFunc(3, 4)}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2967 CODE
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2968 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2969 E121
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2970 :let {var-name} .. List the value of variable {var-name}. Multiple
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2971 variable names may be given. Special names recognized
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2972 here: E738
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2973 g: global variables
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2974 b: local buffer variables
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2975 w: local window variables
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2976 t: local tab page variables
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2977 s: script-local variables
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2978 l: local function variables
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2979 v: Vim variables.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2980 This does not work in Vim9 script. \|vim9-declaration\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2981
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2982 :let List the values of all variables. The type of the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2983 variable is indicated before the value:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2984 <nothing> String
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2985 # Number
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2986 * Funcref
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2987 This does not work in Vim9 script. \|vim9-declaration\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2988
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2989 :unl[et][!] {name} ... :unlet :unl E108 E795 E1081
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2990 Remove the internal variable {name}. Several variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2991 names can be given, they are all removed. The name
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2992 may also be a \|List\| or \|Dictionary\| item.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2993 With [!] no error message is given for non-existing
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2994 variables.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2995 One or more items from a \|List\| can be removed: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2996 :unlet list[3] " remove fourth item
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2997 :unlet list[3:] " remove fourth item to last
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2998 < One item from a \|Dictionary\| can be removed at a time: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	2999 :unlet dict['two']
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3000 :unlet dict.two
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3001 < This is especially useful to clean up used global
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3002 variables and script-local variables (these are not
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3003 deleted when the script ends). Function-local
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3004 variables are automatically deleted when the function
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3005 ends.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3006 In \|Vim9\| script variables declared in a function or
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3007 script cannot be removed.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3008
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3009 :unl[et] ${env-name} ... :unlet-environment :unlet-$
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3010 Remove environment variable {env-name}.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3011 Can mix {name} and ${env-name} in one :unlet command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3012 No error message is given for a non-existing
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3013 variable, also without !.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3014 If the system does not support deleting an environment
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3015 variable, it is made empty.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3016
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3017 :cons :const E1018
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3018 :cons[t] {var-name} = {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3019 :cons[t] [{name1}, {name2}, ...] = {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3020 :cons[t] [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] = {expr1}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3021 :cons[t] {var-name} =<< [trim] {marker}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3022 text...
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3023 text...
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3024 {marker}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3025 Similar to \|:let\|, but additionally lock the variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3026 after setting the value. This is the same as locking
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3027 the variable with \|:lockvar\| just after \|:let\|, thus: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3028 :const x = 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3029 < is equivalent to: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3030 :let x = 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3031 :lockvar! x
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3032 < NOTE: in Vim9 script `:const` works differently, see
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3033 \|vim9-const\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3034 This is useful if you want to make sure the variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3035 is not modified. If the value is a List or Dictionary
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3036 literal then the items also cannot be changed: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3037 const ll = [1, 2, 3]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3038 let ll[1] = 5 " Error!
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3039 < Nested references are not locked: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3040 let lvar = ['a']
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3041 const lconst = [0, lvar]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3042 let lconst[0] = 2 " Error!
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3043 let lconst[1][0] = 'b' " OK
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3044 < E995
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3045 \|:const\| does not allow to for changing a variable: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3046 :let x = 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3047 :const x = 2 " Error!
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3048 < E996
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3049 Note that environment variables, option values and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3050 register values cannot be used here, since they cannot
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3051 be locked.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3052
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3053 :cons[t]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3054 :cons[t] {var-name}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3055 If no argument is given or only {var-name} is given,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3056 the behavior is the same as \|:let\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3057
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3058 :lockv[ar][!] [depth] {name} ... :lockvar :lockv
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3059 Lock the internal variable {name}. Locking means that
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3060 it can no longer be changed (until it is unlocked).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3061 A locked variable can be deleted: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3062 :lockvar v
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3063 :let v = 'asdf' " fails!
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3064 :unlet v " works
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3065 < E741 E940 E1118 E1119 E1120 E1121 E1122
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3066 If you try to change a locked variable you get an
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3067 error message: "E741: Value is locked: {name}".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3068 If you try to lock or unlock a built-in variable you
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3069 get an error message: "E940: Cannot lock or unlock
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3070 variable {name}".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3071
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3072 [depth] is relevant when locking a \|List\| or
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3073 \|Dictionary\|. It specifies how deep the locking goes:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3074 0 Lock the variable {name} but not its
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3075 value.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3076 1 Lock the \|List\| or \|Dictionary\| itself,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3077 cannot add or remove items, but can
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3078 still change their values.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3079 2 Also lock the values, cannot change
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3080 the items. If an item is a \|List\| or
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3081 \|Dictionary\|, cannot add or remove
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3082 items, but can still change the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3083 values.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3084 3 Like 2 but for the \|List\| /
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3085 \|Dictionary\| in the \|List\| /
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3086 \|Dictionary\|, one level deeper.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3087 The default [depth] is 2, thus when {name} is a \|List\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3088 or \|Dictionary\| the values cannot be changed.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3089
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3090 Example with [depth] 0: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3091 let mylist = [1, 2, 3]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3092 lockvar 0 mylist
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3093 let mylist[0] = 77 " OK
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3094 call add(mylist, 4) " OK
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3095 let mylist = [7, 8, 9] " Error!
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3096 < E743
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3097 For unlimited depth use [!] and omit [depth].
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3098 However, there is a maximum depth of 100 to catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3099 loops.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3100
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3101 Note that when two variables refer to the same \|List\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3102 and you lock one of them, the \|List\| will also be
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3103 locked when used through the other variable.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3104 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3105 :let l = [0, 1, 2, 3]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3106 :let cl = l
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3107 :lockvar l
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3108 :let cl[1] = 99 " won't work!
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3109 < You may want to make a copy of a list to avoid this.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3110 See \|deepcopy()\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3111
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3112
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3113 :unlo[ckvar][!] [depth] {name} ... :unlockvar :unlo E1246
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3114 Unlock the internal variable {name}. Does the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3115 opposite of \|:lockvar\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3116
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3117 If {name} does not exist:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3118 - In \|Vim9\| script an error is given.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3119 - In legacy script this is silently ignored.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3120
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3121 :if {expr1} :if :end :endif :en E171 E579 E580
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3122 :en[dif] Execute the commands until the next matching `:else`
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3123 or `:endif` if {expr1} evaluates to non-zero.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3124 Although the short forms work, it is recommended to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3125 always use `:endif` to avoid confusion and to make
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3126 auto-indenting work properly.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3127
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3128 From Vim version 4.5 until 5.0, every Ex command in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3129 between the `:if` and `:endif` is ignored. These two
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3130 commands were just to allow for future expansions in a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3131 backward compatible way. Nesting was allowed. Note
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3132 that any `:else` or `:elseif` was ignored, the `else`
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3133 part was not executed either.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3134
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3135 You can use this to remain compatible with older
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3136 versions: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3137 :if version >= 500
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3138 : version-5-specific-commands
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3139 :endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3140 < The commands still need to be parsed to find the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3141 `endif`. Sometimes an older Vim has a problem with a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3142 new command. For example, `:silent` is recognized as
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3143 a `:substitute` command. In that case `:execute` can
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3144 avoid problems: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3145 :if version >= 600
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3146 : execute "silent 1,$delete"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3147 :endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3148 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3149 In \|Vim9\| script `:endif` cannot be shortened, to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3150 improve script readability.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3151 NOTE: The `:append` and `:insert` commands don't work
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3152 properly in between `:if` and `:endif`.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3153
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3154 :else :el E581 E583
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3155 :el[se] Execute the commands until the next matching `:else`
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3156 or `:endif` if they previously were not being
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3157 executed.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3158 In \|Vim9\| script `:else` cannot be shortened, to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3159 improve script readability.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3160
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3161 :elseif :elsei E582 E584
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3162 :elsei[f] {expr1} Short for `:else` `:if`, with the addition that there
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3163 is no extra `:endif`.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3164 In \|Vim9\| script `:elseif` cannot be shortened, to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3165 improve script readability.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3166
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3167 :wh[ile] {expr1} :while :endwhile :wh :endw
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3168 E170 E585 E588 E733
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3169 :endw[hile] Repeat the commands between `:while` and `:endwhile`,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3170 as long as {expr1} evaluates to non-zero.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3171 When an error is detected from a command inside the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3172 loop, execution continues after the `endwhile`.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3173 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3174 :let lnum = 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3175 :while lnum <= line("$")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3176 :call FixLine(lnum)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3177 :let lnum = lnum + 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3178 :endwhile
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3179 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3180 In \|Vim9\| script `:while` and `:endwhile` cannot be
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3181 shortened, to improve script readability.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3182 NOTE: The `:append` and `:insert` commands don't work
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3183 properly inside a `:while` and `:for` loop.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3184
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3185 :for {var} in {object} :for E690 E732
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3186 :endfo[r] :endfo :endfor
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3187 Repeat the commands between `:for` and `:endfor` for
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3188 each item in {object}. {object} can be a \|List\|,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3189 a \|Blob\| or a \|String\|. E1177
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3190
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3191 Variable {var} is set to the value of each item.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3192 In \|Vim9\| script the loop variable must not have been
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3193 declared yet, unless when it is a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3194 global/window/tab/buffer variable.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3195
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3196 When an error is detected for a command inside the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3197 loop, execution continues after the `endfor`.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3198 Changing {object} inside the loop affects what items
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3199 are used. Make a copy if this is unwanted: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3200 :for item in copy(mylist)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3201 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3202 When {object} is a \|List\| and not making a copy, in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3203 legacy script Vim stores a reference to the next item
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3204 in the \|List\| before executing the commands with the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3205 current item. Thus the current item can be removed
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3206 without effect. Removing any later item means it will
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3207 not be found. Thus the following example works (an
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3208 inefficient way to make a \|List\| empty): >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3209 for item in mylist
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3210 call remove(mylist, 0)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3211 endfor
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3212 < Note that reordering the \|List\| (e.g., with sort() or
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3213 reverse()) may have unexpected effects.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3214 In \|Vim9\| script the index is used. If an item before
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3215 the current one is deleted the next item will be
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3216 skipped.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3217
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3218 When {object} is a \|Blob\|, Vim always makes a copy to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3219 iterate over. Unlike with \|List\|, modifying the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3220 \|Blob\| does not affect the iteration.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3221
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3222 When {object} is a \|String\| each item is a string with
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3223 one character, plus any combining characters.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3224
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3225 In \|Vim9\| script `:endfor` cannot be shortened, to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3226 improve script readability.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3227
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3228 :for [{var1}, {var2}, ...] in {listlist}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3229 :endfo[r] E1140
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3230 Like `:for` above, but each item in {listlist} must be
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3231 a list, of which each item is assigned to {var1},
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3232 {var2}, etc. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3233 :for [lnum, col] in [[1, 3], [2, 5], [3, 8]]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3234 :echo getline(lnum)[col]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3235 :endfor
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3236 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3237 :continue :con E586
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3238 :con[tinue] When used inside a `:while` or `:for` loop, jumps back
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3239 to the start of the loop.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3240 If it is used after a `:try` inside the loop but
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3241 before the matching `:finally` (if present), the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3242 commands following the `:finally` up to the matching
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3243 `:endtry` are executed first. This process applies to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3244 all nested `:try`s inside the loop. The outermost
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3245 `:endtry` then jumps back to the start of the loop.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3246
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3247 In \|Vim9\| script `:cont` is the shortest form, to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3248 improve script readability.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3249 :break :brea E587
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3250 :brea[k] When used inside a `:while` or `:for` loop, skips to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3251 the command after the matching `:endwhile` or
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3252 `:endfor`.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3253 If it is used after a `:try` inside the loop but
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3254 before the matching `:finally` (if present), the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3255 commands following the `:finally` up to the matching
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3256 `:endtry` are executed first. This process applies to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3257 all nested `:try`s inside the loop. The outermost
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3258 `:endtry` then jumps to the command after the loop.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3259
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3260 In \|Vim9\| script `:break` cannot be shortened, to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3261 improve script readability.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3262
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3263 :try :try :endt :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3264 E600 E601 E602 E1032
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3265 :endt[ry] Change the error handling for the commands between
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3266 `:try` and `:endtry` including everything being
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3267 executed across `:source` commands, function calls,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3268 or autocommand invocations.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3269
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3270 When an error or interrupt is detected and there is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3271 a `:finally` command following, execution continues
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3272 after the `:finally`. Otherwise, or when the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3273 `:endtry` is reached thereafter, the next
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3274 (dynamically) surrounding `:try` is checked for
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3275 a corresponding `:finally` etc. Then the script
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3276 processing is terminated. Whether a function
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3277 definition has an "abort" argument does not matter.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3278 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3279 try \| call Unknown() \| finally \| echomsg "cleanup" \| endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3280 echomsg "not reached"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3281 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3282 Moreover, an error or interrupt (dynamically) inside
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3283 `:try` and `:endtry` is converted to an exception. It
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3284 can be caught as if it were thrown by a `:throw`
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3285 command (see `:catch`). In this case, the script
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3286 processing is not terminated.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3287
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3288 The value "Vim:Interrupt" is used for an interrupt
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3289 exception. An error in a Vim command is converted
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3290 to a value of the form "Vim({command}):{errmsg}",
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3291 other errors are converted to a value of the form
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3292 "Vim:{errmsg}". {command} is the full command name,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3293 and {errmsg} is the message that is displayed if the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3294 error exception is not caught, always beginning with
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3295 the error number.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3296 Examples: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3297 try \| sleep 100 \| catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/ \| endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3298 try \| edit \| catch /^Vim(edit):E\d\+/ \| echo "error" \| endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3299 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3300 In \|Vim9\| script `:endtry` cannot be shortened, to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3301 improve script readability.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3302
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3303 :cat :catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3304 E603 E604 E605 E654 E1033
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3305 :cat[ch] /{pattern}/ The following commands until the next `:catch`,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3306 `:finally`, or `:endtry` that belongs to the same
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3307 `:try` as the `:catch` are executed when an exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3308 matching {pattern} is being thrown and has not yet
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3309 been caught by a previous `:catch`. Otherwise, these
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3310 commands are skipped.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3311 When {pattern} is omitted all errors are caught.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3312 Examples: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3313 :catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/ " catch interrupts (CTRL-C)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3314 :catch /^Vim\%((\a\+)\)\=:E/ " catch all Vim errors
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3315 :catch /^Vim\%((\a\+)\)\=:/ " catch errors and interrupts
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3316 :catch /^Vim(write):/ " catch all errors in :write
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3317 :catch /^Vim\%((\a\+)\)\=:E123:/ " catch error E123
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3318 :catch /my-exception/ " catch user exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3319 :catch /.*/ " catch everything
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3320 :catch " same as /.*/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3321 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3322 Another character can be used instead of / around the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3323 {pattern}, so long as it does not have a special
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3324 meaning (e.g., '\|' or '"') and doesn't occur inside
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3325 {pattern}. E1067
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3326 Information about the exception is available in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3327 \|v:exception\|. Also see \|throw-variables\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3328 NOTE: It is not reliable to ":catch" the TEXT of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3329 an error message because it may vary in different
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3330 locales.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3331 In \|Vim9\| script `:catch` cannot be shortened, to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3332 improve script readability.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3333
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3334 :fina :finally E606 E607
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3335 :fina[lly] The following commands until the matching `:endtry`
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3336 are executed whenever the part between the matching
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3337 `:try` and the `:finally` is left: either by falling
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3338 through to the `:finally` or by a `:continue`,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3339 `:break`, `:finish`, or `:return`, or by an error or
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3340 interrupt or exception (see `:throw`).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3341
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3342 In \|Vim9\| script `:finally` cannot be shortened, to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3343 improve script readability and avoid confusion with
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3344 `:final`.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3345
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3346 :th :throw E608 E1129
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3347 :th[row] {expr1} The {expr1} is evaluated and thrown as an exception.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3348 If the ":throw" is used after a `:try` but before the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3349 first corresponding `:catch`, commands are skipped
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3350 until the first `:catch` matching {expr1} is reached.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3351 If there is no such `:catch` or if the ":throw" is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3352 used after a `:catch` but before the `:finally`, the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3353 commands following the `:finally` (if present) up to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3354 the matching `:endtry` are executed. If the `:throw`
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3355 is after the `:finally`, commands up to the `:endtry`
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3356 are skipped. At the ":endtry", this process applies
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3357 again for the next dynamically surrounding `:try`
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3358 (which may be found in a calling function or sourcing
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3359 script), until a matching `:catch` has been found.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3360 If the exception is not caught, the command processing
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3361 is terminated.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3362 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3363 :try \| throw "oops" \| catch /^oo/ \| echo "caught" \| endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3364 < Note that "catch" may need to be on a separate line
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3365 for when an error causes the parsing to skip the whole
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3366 line and not see the "\|" that separates the commands.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3367
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3368 In \|Vim9\| script `:throw` cannot be shortened, to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3369 improve script readability.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3370
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3371 :ec :echo
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3372 :ec[ho] {expr1} .. Echoes each {expr1}, with a space in between. The
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3373 first {expr1} starts on a new line.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3374 Also see \|:comment\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3375 Use "\n" to start a new line. Use "\r" to move the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3376 cursor to the first column.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3377 Uses the highlighting set by the `:echohl` command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3378 Cannot be followed by a comment.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3379 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3380 :echo "the value of 'shell' is" &shell
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3381 < :echo-redraw
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3382 A later redraw may make the message disappear again.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3383 And since Vim mostly postpones redrawing until it's
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3384 finished with a sequence of commands this happens
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3385 quite often. To avoid that a command from before the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3386 `:echo` causes a redraw afterwards (redraws are often
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3387 postponed until you type something), force a redraw
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3388 with the `:redraw` command. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3389 :new \| redraw \| echo "there is a new window"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3390 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3391 :echon
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3392 :echon {expr1} .. Echoes each {expr1}, without anything added. Also see
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3393 \|:comment\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3394 Uses the highlighting set by the `:echohl` command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3395 Cannot be followed by a comment.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3396 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3397 :echon "the value of 'shell' is " &shell
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3398 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3399 Note the difference between using `:echo`, which is a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3400 Vim command, and `:!echo`, which is an external shell
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3401 command: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3402 :!echo % --> filename
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3403 < The arguments of ":!" are expanded, see \|:_%\|. >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3404 :!echo "%" --> filename or "filename"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3405 < Like the previous example. Whether you see the double
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3406 quotes or not depends on your 'shell'. >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3407 :echo % --> nothing
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3408 < The '%' is an illegal character in an expression. >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3409 :echo "%" --> %
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3410 < This just echoes the '%' character. >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3411 :echo expand("%") --> filename
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3412 < This calls the expand() function to expand the '%'.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3413
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3414 :echoh :echohl
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3415 :echoh[l] {name} Use the highlight group {name} for the following
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3416 `:echo`, `:echon` and `:echomsg` commands. Also used
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3417 for the `input()` prompt. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3418 :echohl WarningMsg \| echo "Don't panic!" \| echohl None
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3419 < Don't forget to set the group back to "None",
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3420 otherwise all following echo's will be highlighted.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3421
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3422 :echom :echomsg
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3423 :echom[sg] {expr1} .. Echo the expression(s) as a true message, saving the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3424 message in the \|message-history\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3425 Spaces are placed between the arguments as with the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3426 `:echo` command. But unprintable characters are
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3427 displayed, not interpreted.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3428 The parsing works slightly different from `:echo`,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3429 more like `:execute`. All the expressions are first
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3430 evaluated and concatenated before echoing anything.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3431 If expressions does not evaluate to a Number or
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3432 String, string() is used to turn it into a string.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3433 Uses the highlighting set by the `:echohl` command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3434 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3435 :echomsg "It's a Zizzer Zazzer Zuzz, as you can plainly see."
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3436 < See \|:echo-redraw\| to avoid the message disappearing
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3437 when the screen is redrawn.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3438
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3439 :echow :echowin :echowindow
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3440 :[N]echow[indow] {expr1} ..
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3441 Like \|:echomsg\| but when the messages popup window is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3442 available the message is displayed there. This means
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3443 it will show for three seconds and avoid a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3444 \|hit-enter\| prompt. If you want to hide it before
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3445 that, press Esc in Normal mode (when it would
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3446 otherwise beep). If it disappears too soon you can
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3447 use `:messages` to see the text.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3448 When [N] is given then the window will show up for
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3449 this number of seconds. The last `:echowindow` with a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3450 count matters, it is used once only.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3451 The message window is available when Vim was compiled
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3452 with the +timer and the +popupwin features.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3453
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3454 :echoe :echoerr
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3455 :echoe[rr] {expr1} .. Echo the expression(s) as an error message, saving the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3456 message in the \|message-history\|. When used in a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3457 script or function the line number will be added.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3458 Spaces are placed between the arguments as with the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3459 `:echomsg` command. When used inside a try conditional,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3460 the message is raised as an error exception instead
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3461 (see \|try-echoerr\|).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3462 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3463 :echoerr "This script just failed!"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3464 < If you just want a highlighted message use `:echohl`.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3465 And to get a beep: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3466 :exe "normal \<Esc>"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3467
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3468 :echoc[onsole] {expr1} .. :echoc :echoconsole
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3469 Intended for testing: works like `:echomsg` but when
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3470 running in the GUI and started from a terminal write
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3471 the text to stdout.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3472
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3473 :eval
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3474 :eval {expr} Evaluate {expr} and discard the result. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3475 :eval Getlist()->Filter()->append('$')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3476
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3477 < The expression is supposed to have a side effect,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3478 since the resulting value is not used. In the example
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3479 the `append()` call appends the List with text to the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3480 buffer. This is similar to `:call` but works with any
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3481 expression.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3482 In \|Vim9\| script an expression without an effect will
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3483 result in error E1207 . This should help noticing
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3484 mistakes.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3485
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3486 The command can be shortened to `:ev` or `:eva`, but
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3487 these are hard to recognize and therefore not to be
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3488 used.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3489
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3490 The command cannot be followed by "\|" and another
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3491 command, since "\|" is seen as part of the expression.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3492
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3493
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3494 :exe :execute
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3495 :exe[cute] {expr1} .. Executes the string that results from the evaluation
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3496 of {expr1} as an Ex command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3497 Multiple arguments are concatenated, with a space in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3498 between. To avoid the extra space use the ".."
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3499 operator to concatenate strings into one argument.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3500 {expr1} is used as the processed command, command line
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3501 editing keys are not recognized.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3502 Cannot be followed by a comment.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3503 Examples: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3504 :execute "buffer" nextbuf
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3505 :execute "normal" count .. "w"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3506 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3507 ":execute" can be used to append a command to commands
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3508 that don't accept a '\|'. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3509 :execute '!ls' \| echo "theend"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3510
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3511 < ":execute" is also a nice way to avoid having to type
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3512 control characters in a Vim script for a ":normal"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3513 command: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3514 :execute "normal ixxx\<Esc>"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3515 < This has an <Esc> character, see \|expr-string\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3516
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3517 Be careful to correctly escape special characters in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3518 file names. The \|fnameescape()\| function can be used
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3519 for Vim commands, \|shellescape()\| for \|:!\| commands.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3520 Examples: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3521 :execute "e " .. fnameescape(filename)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3522 :execute "!ls " .. shellescape(filename, 1)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3523 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3524 Note: The executed string may be any command-line, but
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3525 starting or ending "if", "while" and "for" does not
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3526 always work, because when commands are skipped the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3527 ":execute" is not evaluated and Vim loses track of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3528 where blocks start and end. Also "break" and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3529 "continue" should not be inside ":execute".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3530 This example does not work, because the ":execute" is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3531 not evaluated and Vim does not see the "while", and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3532 gives an error for finding an ":endwhile": >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3533 :if 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3534 : execute 'while i > 5'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3535 : echo "test"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3536 : endwhile
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3537 :endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3538 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3539 It is allowed to have a "while" or "if" command
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3540 completely in the executed string: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3541 :execute 'while i < 5 \| echo i \| let i = i + 1 \| endwhile'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3542 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3543
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3544 :exe-comment
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3545 ":execute", ":echo" and ":echon" cannot be followed by
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3546 a comment directly, because they see the '"' as the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3547 start of a string. But, you can use '\|' followed by a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3548 comment. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3549 :echo "foo" \| "this is a comment
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3550
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3551 ==============================================================================
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3552 8. Exception handling exception-handling
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3553
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3554 The Vim script language comprises an exception handling feature. This section
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3555 explains how it can be used in a Vim script.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3556
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3557 Exceptions may be raised by Vim on an error or on interrupt, see
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3558 \|catch-errors\| and \|catch-interrupt\|. You can also explicitly throw an
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3559 exception by using the ":throw" command, see \|throw-catch\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3560
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3561
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3562 TRY CONDITIONALS try-conditionals
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3563
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3564 Exceptions can be caught or can cause cleanup code to be executed. You can
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3565 use a try conditional to specify catch clauses (that catch exceptions) and/or
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3566 a finally clause (to be executed for cleanup).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3567 A try conditional begins with a \|:try\| command and ends at the matching
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3568 \|:endtry\| command. In between, you can use a \|:catch\| command to start
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3569 a catch clause, or a \|:finally\| command to start a finally clause. There may
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3570 be none or multiple catch clauses, but there is at most one finally clause,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3571 which must not be followed by any catch clauses. The lines before the catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3572 clauses and the finally clause is called a try block. >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3573
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3574 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3575 : ...
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3576 : ... TRY BLOCK
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3577 : ...
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3578 :catch /{pattern}/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3579 : ...
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3580 : ... CATCH CLAUSE
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3581 : ...
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3582 :catch /{pattern}/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3583 : ...
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3584 : ... CATCH CLAUSE
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3585 : ...
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3586 :finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3587 : ...
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3588 : ... FINALLY CLAUSE
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3589 : ...
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3590 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3591
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3592 The try conditional allows to watch code for exceptions and to take the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3593 appropriate actions. Exceptions from the try block may be caught. Exceptions
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3594 from the try block and also the catch clauses may cause cleanup actions.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3595 When no exception is thrown during execution of the try block, the control
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3596 is transferred to the finally clause, if present. After its execution, the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3597 script continues with the line following the ":endtry".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3598 When an exception occurs during execution of the try block, the remaining
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3599 lines in the try block are skipped. The exception is matched against the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3600 patterns specified as arguments to the ":catch" commands. The catch clause
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3601 after the first matching ":catch" is taken, other catch clauses are not
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3602 executed. The catch clause ends when the next ":catch", ":finally", or
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3603 ":endtry" command is reached - whatever is first. Then, the finally clause
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3604 (if present) is executed. When the ":endtry" is reached, the script execution
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3605 continues in the following line as usual.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3606 When an exception that does not match any of the patterns specified by the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3607 ":catch" commands is thrown in the try block, the exception is not caught by
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3608 that try conditional and none of the catch clauses is executed. Only the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3609 finally clause, if present, is taken. The exception pends during execution of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3610 the finally clause. It is resumed at the ":endtry", so that commands after
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3611 the ":endtry" are not executed and the exception might be caught elsewhere,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3612 see \|try-nesting\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3613 When during execution of a catch clause another exception is thrown, the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3614 remaining lines in that catch clause are not executed. The new exception is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3615 not matched against the patterns in any of the ":catch" commands of the same
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3616 try conditional and none of its catch clauses is taken. If there is, however,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3617 a finally clause, it is executed, and the exception pends during its
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3618 execution. The commands following the ":endtry" are not executed. The new
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3619 exception might, however, be caught elsewhere, see \|try-nesting\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3620 When during execution of the finally clause (if present) an exception is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3621 thrown, the remaining lines in the finally clause are skipped. If the finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3622 clause has been taken because of an exception from the try block or one of the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3623 catch clauses, the original (pending) exception is discarded. The commands
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3624 following the ":endtry" are not executed, and the exception from the finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3625 clause is propagated and can be caught elsewhere, see \|try-nesting\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3626
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3627 The finally clause is also executed, when a ":break" or ":continue" for
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3628 a ":while" loop enclosing the complete try conditional is executed from the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3629 try block or a catch clause. Or when a ":return" or ":finish" is executed
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3630 from the try block or a catch clause of a try conditional in a function or
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3631 sourced script, respectively. The ":break", ":continue", ":return", or
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3632 ":finish" pends during execution of the finally clause and is resumed when the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3633 ":endtry" is reached. It is, however, discarded when an exception is thrown
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3634 from the finally clause.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3635 When a ":break" or ":continue" for a ":while" loop enclosing the complete
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3636 try conditional or when a ":return" or ":finish" is encountered in the finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3637 clause, the rest of the finally clause is skipped, and the ":break",
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3638 ":continue", ":return" or ":finish" is executed as usual. If the finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3639 clause has been taken because of an exception or an earlier ":break",
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3640 ":continue", ":return", or ":finish" from the try block or a catch clause,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3641 this pending exception or command is discarded.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3642
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3643 For examples see \|throw-catch\| and \|try-finally\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3644
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3645
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3646 NESTING OF TRY CONDITIONALS try-nesting
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3647
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3648 Try conditionals can be nested arbitrarily. That is, a complete try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3649 conditional can be put into the try block, a catch clause, or the finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3650 clause of another try conditional. If the inner try conditional does not
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3651 catch an exception thrown in its try block or throws a new exception from one
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3652 of its catch clauses or its finally clause, the outer try conditional is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3653 checked according to the rules above. If the inner try conditional is in the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3654 try block of the outer try conditional, its catch clauses are checked, but
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3655 otherwise only the finally clause is executed. It does not matter for
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3656 nesting, whether the inner try conditional is directly contained in the outer
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3657 one, or whether the outer one sources a script or calls a function containing
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3658 the inner try conditional.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3659
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3660 When none of the active try conditionals catches an exception, just their
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3661 finally clauses are executed. Thereafter, the script processing terminates.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3662 An error message is displayed in case of an uncaught exception explicitly
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3663 thrown by a ":throw" command. For uncaught error and interrupt exceptions
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3664 implicitly raised by Vim, the error message(s) or interrupt message are shown
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3665 as usual.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3666
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3667 For examples see \|throw-catch\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3668
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3669
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3670 EXAMINING EXCEPTION HANDLING CODE except-examine
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3671
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3672 Exception handling code can get tricky. If you are in doubt what happens, set
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3673 'verbose' to 13 or use the ":13verbose" command modifier when sourcing your
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3674 script file. Then you see when an exception is thrown, discarded, caught, or
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3675 finished. When using a verbosity level of at least 14, things pending in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3676 a finally clause are also shown. This information is also given in debug mode
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3677 (see \|debug-scripts\|).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3678
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3679
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3680 THROWING AND CATCHING EXCEPTIONS throw-catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3681
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3682 You can throw any number or string as an exception. Use the \|:throw\| command
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3683 and pass the value to be thrown as argument: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3684 :throw 4711
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3685 :throw "string"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3686 < throw-expression
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3687 You can also specify an expression argument. The expression is then evaluated
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3688 first, and the result is thrown: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3689 :throw 4705 + strlen("string")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3690 :throw strpart("strings", 0, 6)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3691
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3692 An exception might be thrown during evaluation of the argument of the ":throw"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3693 command. Unless it is caught there, the expression evaluation is abandoned.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3694 The ":throw" command then does not throw a new exception.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3695 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3696
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3697 :function! Foo(arg)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3698 : try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3699 : throw a:arg
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3700 : catch /foo/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3701 : endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3702 : return 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3703 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3704 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3705 :function! Bar()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3706 : echo "in Bar"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3707 : return 4710
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3708 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3709 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3710 :throw Foo("arrgh") + Bar()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3711
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3712 This throws "arrgh", and "in Bar" is not displayed since Bar() is not
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3713 executed. >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3714 :throw Foo("foo") + Bar()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3715 however displays "in Bar" and throws 4711.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3716
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3717 Any other command that takes an expression as argument might also be
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3718 abandoned by an (uncaught) exception during the expression evaluation. The
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3719 exception is then propagated to the caller of the command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3720 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3721
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3722 :if Foo("arrgh")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3723 : echo "then"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3724 :else
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3725 : echo "else"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3726 :endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3727
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3728 Here neither of "then" or "else" is displayed.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3729
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3730 catch-order
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3731 Exceptions can be caught by a try conditional with one or more \|:catch\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3732 commands, see \|try-conditionals\|. The values to be caught by each ":catch"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3733 command can be specified as a pattern argument. The subsequent catch clause
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3734 gets executed when a matching exception is caught.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3735 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3736
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3737 :function! Foo(value)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3738 : try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3739 : throw a:value
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3740 : catch /^\d\+$/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3741 : echo "Number thrown"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3742 : catch /.*/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3743 : echo "String thrown"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3744 : endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3745 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3746 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3747 :call Foo(0x1267)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3748 :call Foo('string')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3749
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3750 The first call to Foo() displays "Number thrown", the second "String thrown".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3751 An exception is matched against the ":catch" commands in the order they are
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3752 specified. Only the first match counts. So you should place the more
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3753 specific ":catch" first. The following order does not make sense: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3754
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3755 : catch /.*/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3756 : echo "String thrown"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3757 : catch /^\d\+$/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3758 : echo "Number thrown"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3759
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3760 The first ":catch" here matches always, so that the second catch clause is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3761 never taken.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3762
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3763 throw-variables
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3764 If you catch an exception by a general pattern, you may access the exact value
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3765 in the variable \|v:exception\|: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3766
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3767 : catch /^\d\+$/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3768 : echo "Number thrown. Value is" v:exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3769
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3770 You may also be interested where an exception was thrown. This is stored in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3771 \|v:throwpoint\|. Note that "v:exception" and "v:throwpoint" are valid for the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3772 exception most recently caught as long it is not finished.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3773 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3774
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3775 :function! Caught()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3776 : if v:exception != ""
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3777 : echo 'Caught "' . v:exception .. '" in ' .. v:throwpoint
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3778 : else
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3779 : echo 'Nothing caught'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3780 : endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3781 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3782 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3783 :function! Foo()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3784 : try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3785 : try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3786 : try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3787 : throw 4711
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3788 : finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3789 : call Caught()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3790 : endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3791 : catch /.*/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3792 : call Caught()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3793 : throw "oops"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3794 : endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3795 : catch /.*/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3796 : call Caught()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3797 : finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3798 : call Caught()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3799 : endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3800 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3801 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3802 :call Foo()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3803
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3804 This displays >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3805
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3806 Nothing caught
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3807 Caught "4711" in function Foo, line 4
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3808 Caught "oops" in function Foo, line 10
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3809 Nothing caught
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3810
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3811 A practical example: The following command ":LineNumber" displays the line
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3812 number in the script or function where it has been used: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3813
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3814 :function! LineNumber()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3815 : return substitute(v:throwpoint, '.\D$\d\+$.', '\1', "")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3816 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3817 :command! LineNumber try \| throw "" \| catch \| echo LineNumber() \| endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3818 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3819 try-nested
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3820 An exception that is not caught by a try conditional can be caught by
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3821 a surrounding try conditional: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3822
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3823 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3824 : try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3825 : throw "foo"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3826 : catch /foobar/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3827 : echo "foobar"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3828 : finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3829 : echo "inner finally"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3830 : endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3831 :catch /foo/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3832 : echo "foo"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3833 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3834
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3835 The inner try conditional does not catch the exception, just its finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3836 clause is executed. The exception is then caught by the outer try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3837 conditional. The example displays "inner finally" and then "foo".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3838
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3839 throw-from-catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3840 You can catch an exception and throw a new one to be caught elsewhere from the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3841 catch clause: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3842
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3843 :function! Foo()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3844 : throw "foo"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3845 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3846 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3847 :function! Bar()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3848 : try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3849 : call Foo()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3850 : catch /foo/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3851 : echo "Caught foo, throw bar"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3852 : throw "bar"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3853 : endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3854 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3855 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3856 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3857 : call Bar()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3858 :catch /.*/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3859 : echo "Caught" v:exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3860 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3861
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3862 This displays "Caught foo, throw bar" and then "Caught bar".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3863
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3864 rethrow
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3865 There is no real rethrow in the Vim script language, but you may throw
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3866 "v:exception" instead: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3867
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3868 :function! Bar()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3869 : try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3870 : call Foo()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3871 : catch /.*/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3872 : echo "Rethrow" v:exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3873 : throw v:exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3874 : endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3875 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3876 < try-echoerr
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3877 Note that this method cannot be used to "rethrow" Vim error or interrupt
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3878 exceptions, because it is not possible to fake Vim internal exceptions.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3879 Trying so causes an error exception. You should throw your own exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3880 denoting the situation. If you want to cause a Vim error exception containing
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3881 the original error exception value, you can use the \|:echoerr\| command: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3882
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3883 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3884 : try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3885 : asdf
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3886 : catch /.*/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3887 : echoerr v:exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3888 : endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3889 :catch /.*/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3890 : echo v:exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3891 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3892
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3893 This code displays
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3894
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3895 Vim(echoerr):Vim:E492: Not an editor command: asdf ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3896
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3897
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3898 CLEANUP CODE try-finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3899
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3900 Scripts often change global settings and restore them at their end. If the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3901 user however interrupts the script by pressing CTRL-C, the settings remain in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3902 an inconsistent state. The same may happen to you in the development phase of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3903 a script when an error occurs or you explicitly throw an exception without
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3904 catching it. You can solve these problems by using a try conditional with
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3905 a finally clause for restoring the settings. Its execution is guaranteed on
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3906 normal control flow, on error, on an explicit ":throw", and on interrupt.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3907 (Note that errors and interrupts from inside the try conditional are converted
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3908 to exceptions. When not caught, they terminate the script after the finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3909 clause has been executed.)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3910 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3911
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3912 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3913 : let s:saved_ts = &ts
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3914 : set ts=17
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3915 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3916 : " Do the hard work here.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3917 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3918 :finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3919 : let &ts = s:saved_ts
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3920 : unlet s:saved_ts
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3921 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3922
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3923 This method should be used locally whenever a function or part of a script
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3924 changes global settings which need to be restored on failure or normal exit of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3925 that function or script part.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3926
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3927 break-finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3928 Cleanup code works also when the try block or a catch clause is left by
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3929 a ":continue", ":break", ":return", or ":finish".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3930 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3931
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3932 :let first = 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3933 :while 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3934 : try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3935 : if first
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3936 : echo "first"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3937 : let first = 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3938 : continue
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3939 : else
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3940 : throw "second"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3941 : endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3942 : catch /.*/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3943 : echo v:exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3944 : break
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3945 : finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3946 : echo "cleanup"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3947 : endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3948 : echo "still in while"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3949 :endwhile
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3950 :echo "end"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3951
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3952 This displays "first", "cleanup", "second", "cleanup", and "end". >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3953
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3954 :function! Foo()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3955 : try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3956 : return 4711
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3957 : finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3958 : echo "cleanup\n"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3959 : endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3960 : echo "Foo still active"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3961 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3962 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3963 :echo Foo() "returned by Foo"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3964
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3965 This displays "cleanup" and "4711 returned by Foo". You don't need to add an
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3966 extra ":return" in the finally clause. (Above all, this would override the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3967 return value.)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3968
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3969 except-from-finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3970 Using either of ":continue", ":break", ":return", ":finish", or ":throw" in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3971 a finally clause is possible, but not recommended since it abandons the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3972 cleanup actions for the try conditional. But, of course, interrupt and error
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3973 exceptions might get raised from a finally clause.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3974 Example where an error in the finally clause stops an interrupt from
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3975 working correctly: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3976
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3977 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3978 : try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3979 : echo "Press CTRL-C for interrupt"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3980 : while 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3981 : endwhile
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3982 : finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3983 : unlet novar
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3984 : endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3985 :catch /novar/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3986 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3987 :echo "Script still running"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3988 :sleep 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3989
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3990 If you need to put commands that could fail into a finally clause, you should
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3991 think about catching or ignoring the errors in these commands, see
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3992 \|catch-errors\| and \|ignore-errors\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3993
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3994
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3995 CATCHING ERRORS catch-errors
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3996
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3997 If you want to catch specific errors, you just have to put the code to be
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3998 watched in a try block and add a catch clause for the error message. The
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	3999 presence of the try conditional causes all errors to be converted to an
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4000 exception. No message is displayed and \|v:errmsg\| is not set then. To find
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4001 the right pattern for the ":catch" command, you have to know how the format of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4002 the error exception is.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4003 Error exceptions have the following format: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4004
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4005 Vim({cmdname}):{errmsg}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4006 or >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4007 Vim:{errmsg}
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4008
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4009 {cmdname} is the name of the command that failed; the second form is used when
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4010 the command name is not known. {errmsg} is the error message usually produced
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4011 when the error occurs outside try conditionals. It always begins with
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4012 a capital "E", followed by a two or three-digit error number, a colon, and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4013 a space.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4014
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4015 Examples:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4016
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4017 The command >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4018 :unlet novar
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4019 normally produces the error message >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4020 E108: No such variable: "novar"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4021 which is converted inside try conditionals to an exception >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4022 Vim(unlet):E108: No such variable: "novar"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4023
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4024 The command >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4025 :dwim
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4026 normally produces the error message >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4027 E492: Not an editor command: dwim
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4028 which is converted inside try conditionals to an exception >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4029 Vim:E492: Not an editor command: dwim
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4030
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4031 You can catch all ":unlet" errors by a >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4032 :catch /^Vim(unlet):/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4033 or all errors for misspelled command names by a >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4034 :catch /^Vim:E492:/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4035
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4036 Some error messages may be produced by different commands: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4037 :function nofunc
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4038 and >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4039 :delfunction nofunc
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4040 both produce the error message >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4041 E128: Function name must start with a capital: nofunc
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4042 which is converted inside try conditionals to an exception >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4043 Vim(function):E128: Function name must start with a capital: nofunc
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4044 or >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4045 Vim(delfunction):E128: Function name must start with a capital: nofunc
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4046 respectively. You can catch the error by its number independently on the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4047 command that caused it if you use the following pattern: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4048 :catch /^Vim(\a\+):E128:/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4049
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4050 Some commands like >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4051 :let x = novar
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4052 produce multiple error messages, here: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4053 E121: Undefined variable: novar
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4054 E15: Invalid expression: novar
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4055 Only the first is used for the exception value, since it is the most specific
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4056 one (see \|except-several-errors\|). So you can catch it by >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4057 :catch /^Vim(\a\+):E121:/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4058
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4059 You can catch all errors related to the name "nofunc" by >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4060 :catch /\<nofunc\>/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4061
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4062 You can catch all Vim errors in the ":write" and ":read" commands by >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4063 :catch /^Vim($write\\|read$):E\d\+:/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4064
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4065 You can catch all Vim errors by the pattern >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4066 :catch /^Vim$(\a\+)$\=:E\d\+:/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4067 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4068 catch-text
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4069 NOTE: You should never catch the error message text itself: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4070 :catch /No such variable/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4071 only works in the English locale, but not when the user has selected
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4072 a different language by the \|:language\| command. It is however helpful to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4073 cite the message text in a comment: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4074 :catch /^Vim(\a\+):E108:/ " No such variable
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4075
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4076
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4077 IGNORING ERRORS ignore-errors
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4078
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4079 You can ignore errors in a specific Vim command by catching them locally: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4080
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4081 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4082 : write
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4083 :catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4084 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4085
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4086 But you are strongly recommended NOT to use this simple form, since it could
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4087 catch more than you want. With the ":write" command, some autocommands could
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4088 be executed and cause errors not related to writing, for instance: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4089
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4090 :au BufWritePre * unlet novar
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4091
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4092 There could even be such errors you are not responsible for as a script
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4093 writer: a user of your script might have defined such autocommands. You would
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4094 then hide the error from the user.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4095 It is much better to use >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4096
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4097 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4098 : write
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4099 :catch /^Vim(write):/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4100 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4101
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4102 which only catches real write errors. So catch only what you'd like to ignore
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4103 intentionally.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4104
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4105 For a single command that does not cause execution of autocommands, you could
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4106 even suppress the conversion of errors to exceptions by the ":silent!"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4107 command: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4108 :silent! nunmap k
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4109 This works also when a try conditional is active.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4110
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4111
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4112 CATCHING INTERRUPTS catch-interrupt
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4113
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4114 When there are active try conditionals, an interrupt (CTRL-C) is converted to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4115 the exception "Vim:Interrupt". You can catch it like every exception. The
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4116 script is not terminated, then.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4117 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4118
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4119 :function! TASK1()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4120 : sleep 10
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4121 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4122
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4123 :function! TASK2()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4124 : sleep 20
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4125 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4126
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4127 :while 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4128 : let command = input("Type a command: ")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4129 : try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4130 : if command == ""
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4131 : continue
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4132 : elseif command == "END"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4133 : break
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4134 : elseif command == "TASK1"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4135 : call TASK1()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4136 : elseif command == "TASK2"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4137 : call TASK2()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4138 : else
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4139 : echo "\nIllegal command:" command
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4140 : continue
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4141 : endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4142 : catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4143 : echo "\nCommand interrupted"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4144 : " Caught the interrupt. Continue with next prompt.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4145 : endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4146 :endwhile
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4147
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4148 You can interrupt a task here by pressing CTRL-C; the script then asks for
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4149 a new command. If you press CTRL-C at the prompt, the script is terminated.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4150
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4151 For testing what happens when CTRL-C would be pressed on a specific line in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4152 your script, use the debug mode and execute the \|>quit\| or \|>interrupt\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4153 command on that line. See \|debug-scripts\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4154
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4155
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4156 CATCHING ALL catch-all
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4157
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4158 The commands >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4159
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4160 :catch /.*/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4161 :catch //
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4162 :catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4163
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4164 catch everything, error exceptions, interrupt exceptions and exceptions
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4165 explicitly thrown by the \|:throw\| command. This is useful at the top level of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4166 a script in order to catch unexpected things.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4167 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4168
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4169 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4170 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4171 : " do the hard work here
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4172 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4173 :catch /MyException/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4174 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4175 : " handle known problem
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4176 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4177 :catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4178 : echo "Script interrupted"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4179 :catch /.*/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4180 : echo "Internal error (" .. v:exception .. ")"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4181 : echo " - occurred at " .. v:throwpoint
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4182 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4183 :" end of script
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4184
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4185 Note: Catching all might catch more things than you want. Thus, you are
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4186 strongly encouraged to catch only for problems that you can really handle by
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4187 specifying a pattern argument to the ":catch".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4188 Example: Catching all could make it nearly impossible to interrupt a script
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4189 by pressing CTRL-C: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4190
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4191 :while 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4192 : try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4193 : sleep 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4194 : catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4195 : endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4196 :endwhile
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4197
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4198
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4199 EXCEPTIONS AND AUTOCOMMANDS except-autocmd
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4200
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4201 Exceptions may be used during execution of autocommands. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4202
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4203 :autocmd User x try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4204 :autocmd User x throw "Oops!"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4205 :autocmd User x catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4206 :autocmd User x echo v:exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4207 :autocmd User x endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4208 :autocmd User x throw "Arrgh!"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4209 :autocmd User x echo "Should not be displayed"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4210 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4211 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4212 : doautocmd User x
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4213 :catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4214 : echo v:exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4215 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4216
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4217 This displays "Oops!" and "Arrgh!".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4218
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4219 except-autocmd-Pre
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4220 For some commands, autocommands get executed before the main action of the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4221 command takes place. If an exception is thrown and not caught in the sequence
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4222 of autocommands, the sequence and the command that caused its execution are
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4223 abandoned and the exception is propagated to the caller of the command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4224 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4225
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4226 :autocmd BufWritePre * throw "FAIL"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4227 :autocmd BufWritePre * echo "Should not be displayed"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4228 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4229 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4230 : write
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4231 :catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4232 : echo "Caught:" v:exception "from" v:throwpoint
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4233 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4234
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4235 Here, the ":write" command does not write the file currently being edited (as
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4236 you can see by checking 'modified'), since the exception from the BufWritePre
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4237 autocommand abandons the ":write". The exception is then caught and the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4238 script displays: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4239
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4240 Caught: FAIL from BufWrite Auto commands for "*"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4241 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4242 except-autocmd-Post
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4243 For some commands, autocommands get executed after the main action of the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4244 command has taken place. If this main action fails and the command is inside
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4245 an active try conditional, the autocommands are skipped and an error exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4246 is thrown that can be caught by the caller of the command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4247 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4248
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4249 :autocmd BufWritePost * echo "File successfully written!"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4250 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4251 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4252 : write /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4253 :catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4254 : echo v:exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4255 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4256
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4257 This just displays: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4258
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4259 Vim(write):E212: Can't open file for writing (/i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4260
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4261 If you really need to execute the autocommands even when the main action
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4262 fails, trigger the event from the catch clause.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4263 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4264
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4265 :autocmd BufWritePre * set noreadonly
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4266 :autocmd BufWritePost * set readonly
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4267 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4268 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4269 : write /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4270 :catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4271 : doautocmd BufWritePost /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4272 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4273 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4274 You can also use ":silent!": >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4275
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4276 :let x = "ok"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4277 :let v:errmsg = ""
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4278 :autocmd BufWritePost * if v:errmsg != ""
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4279 :autocmd BufWritePost * let x = "after fail"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4280 :autocmd BufWritePost * endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4281 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4282 : silent! write /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4283 :catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4284 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4285 :echo x
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4286
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4287 This displays "after fail".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4288
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4289 If the main action of the command does not fail, exceptions from the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4290 autocommands will be catchable by the caller of the command: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4291
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4292 :autocmd BufWritePost * throw ":-("
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4293 :autocmd BufWritePost * echo "Should not be displayed"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4294 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4295 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4296 : write
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4297 :catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4298 : echo v:exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4299 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4300 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4301 except-autocmd-Cmd
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4302 For some commands, the normal action can be replaced by a sequence of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4303 autocommands. Exceptions from that sequence will be catchable by the caller
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4304 of the command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4305 Example: For the ":write" command, the caller cannot know whether the file
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4306 had actually been written when the exception occurred. You need to tell it in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4307 some way. >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4308
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4309 :if !exists("cnt")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4310 : let cnt = 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4311 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4312 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * if &modified
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4313 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * let cnt = cnt + 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4314 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * if cnt % 3 == 2
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4315 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * throw "BufWriteCmdError"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4316 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4317 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * write \| set nomodified
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4318 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * if cnt % 3 == 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4319 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * throw "BufWriteCmdError"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4320 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4321 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * echo "File successfully written!"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4322 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4323 :endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4324 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4325 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4326 : write
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4327 :catch /^BufWriteCmdError$/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4328 : if &modified
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4329 : echo "Error on writing (file contents not changed)"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4330 : else
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4331 : echo "Error after writing"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4332 : endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4333 :catch /^Vim(write):/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4334 : echo "Error on writing"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4335 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4336
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4337 When this script is sourced several times after making changes, it displays
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4338 first >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4339 File successfully written!
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4340 then >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4341 Error on writing (file contents not changed)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4342 then >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4343 Error after writing
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4344 etc.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4345
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4346 except-autocmd-ill
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4347 You cannot spread a try conditional over autocommands for different events.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4348 The following code is ill-formed: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4349
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4350 :autocmd BufWritePre * try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4351 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4352 :autocmd BufWritePost * catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4353 :autocmd BufWritePost * echo v:exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4354 :autocmd BufWritePost * endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4355 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4356 :write
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4357
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4358
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4359 EXCEPTION HIERARCHIES AND PARAMETERIZED EXCEPTIONS except-hier-param
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4360
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4361 Some programming languages allow to use hierarchies of exception classes or to
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4362 pass additional information with the object of an exception class. You can do
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4363 similar things in Vim.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4364 In order to throw an exception from a hierarchy, just throw the complete
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4365 class name with the components separated by a colon, for instance throw the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4366 string "EXCEPT:MATHERR:OVERFLOW" for an overflow in a mathematical library.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4367 When you want to pass additional information with your exception class, add
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4368 it in parentheses, for instance throw the string "EXCEPT:IO:WRITEERR(myfile)"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4369 for an error when writing "myfile".
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4370 With the appropriate patterns in the ":catch" command, you can catch for
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4371 base classes or derived classes of your hierarchy. Additional information in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4372 parentheses can be cut out from \|v:exception\| with the ":substitute" command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4373 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4374
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4375 :function! CheckRange(a, func)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4376 : if a:a < 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4377 : throw "EXCEPT:MATHERR:RANGE(" .. a:func .. ")"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4378 : endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4379 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4380 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4381 :function! Add(a, b)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4382 : call CheckRange(a:a, "Add")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4383 : call CheckRange(a:b, "Add")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4384 : let c = a:a + a:b
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4385 : if c < 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4386 : throw "EXCEPT:MATHERR:OVERFLOW"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4387 : endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4388 : return c
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4389 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4390 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4391 :function! Div(a, b)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4392 : call CheckRange(a:a, "Div")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4393 : call CheckRange(a:b, "Div")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4394 : if (a:b == 0)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4395 : throw "EXCEPT:MATHERR:ZERODIV"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4396 : endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4397 : return a:a / a:b
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4398 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4399 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4400 :function! Write(file)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4401 : try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4402 : execute "write" fnameescape(a:file)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4403 : catch /^Vim(write):/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4404 : throw "EXCEPT:IO(" .. getcwd() .. ", " .. a:file .. "):WRITEERR"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4405 : endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4406 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4407 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4408 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4409 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4410 : " something with arithmetic and I/O
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4411 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4412 :catch /^EXCEPT:MATHERR:RANGE/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4413 : let function = substitute(v:exception, '.($\a\+$).', '\1', "")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4414 : echo "Range error in" function
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4415 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4416 :catch /^EXCEPT:MATHERR/ " catches OVERFLOW and ZERODIV
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4417 : echo "Math error"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4418 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4419 :catch /^EXCEPT:IO/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4420 : let dir = substitute(v:exception, '.($.\+$,\s.\+).*', '\1', "")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4421 : let file = substitute(v:exception, '.(.\+,\s$.\+$).*', '\1', "")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4422 : if file !~ '^/'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4423 : let file = dir .. "/" .. file
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4424 : endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4425 : echo 'I/O error for "' .. file .. '"'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4426 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4427 :catch /^EXCEPT/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4428 : echo "Unspecified error"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4429 :
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4430 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4431
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4432 The exceptions raised by Vim itself (on error or when pressing CTRL-C) use
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4433 a flat hierarchy: they are all in the "Vim" class. You cannot throw yourself
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4434 exceptions with the "Vim" prefix; they are reserved for Vim.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4435 Vim error exceptions are parameterized with the name of the command that
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4436 failed, if known. See \|catch-errors\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4437
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4438
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4439 PECULIARITIES
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4440 except-compat
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4441 The exception handling concept requires that the command sequence causing the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4442 exception is aborted immediately and control is transferred to finally clauses
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4443 and/or a catch clause.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4444
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4445 In the Vim script language there are cases where scripts and functions
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4446 continue after an error: in functions without the "abort" flag or in a command
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4447 after ":silent!", control flow goes to the following line, and outside
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4448 functions, control flow goes to the line following the outermost ":endwhile"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4449 or ":endif". On the other hand, errors should be catchable as exceptions
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4450 (thus, requiring the immediate abortion).
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4451
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4452 This problem has been solved by converting errors to exceptions and using
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4453 immediate abortion (if not suppressed by ":silent!") only when a try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4454 conditional is active. This is no restriction since an (error) exception can
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4455 be caught only from an active try conditional. If you want an immediate
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4456 termination without catching the error, just use a try conditional without
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4457 catch clause. (You can cause cleanup code being executed before termination
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4458 by specifying a finally clause.)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4459
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4460 When no try conditional is active, the usual abortion and continuation
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4461 behavior is used instead of immediate abortion. This ensures compatibility of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4462 scripts written for Vim 6.1 and earlier.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4463
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4464 However, when sourcing an existing script that does not use exception handling
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4465 commands (or when calling one of its functions) from inside an active try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4466 conditional of a new script, you might change the control flow of the existing
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4467 script on error. You get the immediate abortion on error and can catch the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4468 error in the new script. If however the sourced script suppresses error
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4469 messages by using the ":silent!" command (checking for errors by testing
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4470 \|v:errmsg\| if appropriate), its execution path is not changed. The error is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4471 not converted to an exception. (See \|:silent\|.) So the only remaining cause
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4472 where this happens is for scripts that don't care about errors and produce
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4473 error messages. You probably won't want to use such code from your new
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4474 scripts.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4475
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4476 except-syntax-err
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4477 Syntax errors in the exception handling commands are never caught by any of
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4478 the ":catch" commands of the try conditional they belong to. Its finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4479 clauses, however, is executed.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4480 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4481
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4482 :try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4483 : try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4484 : throw 4711
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4485 : catch /\(/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4486 : echo "in catch with syntax error"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4487 : catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4488 : echo "inner catch-all"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4489 : finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4490 : echo "inner finally"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4491 : endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4492 :catch
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4493 : echo 'outer catch-all caught "' .. v:exception .. '"'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4494 : finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4495 : echo "outer finally"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4496 :endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4497
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4498 This displays: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4499 inner finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4500 outer catch-all caught "Vim(catch):E54: Unmatched \("
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4501 outer finally
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4502 The original exception is discarded and an error exception is raised, instead.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4503
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4504 except-single-line
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4505 The ":try", ":catch", ":finally", and ":endtry" commands can be put on
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4506 a single line, but then syntax errors may make it difficult to recognize the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4507 "catch" line, thus you better avoid this.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4508 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4509 :try \| unlet! foo # \| catch \| endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4510 raises an error exception for the trailing characters after the ":unlet!"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4511 argument, but does not see the ":catch" and ":endtry" commands, so that the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4512 error exception is discarded and the "E488: Trailing characters" message gets
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4513 displayed.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4514
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4515 except-several-errors
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4516 When several errors appear in a single command, the first error message is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4517 usually the most specific one and therefore converted to the error exception.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4518 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4519 echo novar
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4520 causes >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4521 E121: Undefined variable: novar
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4522 E15: Invalid expression: novar
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4523 The value of the error exception inside try conditionals is: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4524 Vim(echo):E121: Undefined variable: novar
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4525 < except-syntax-error
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4526 But when a syntax error is detected after a normal error in the same command,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4527 the syntax error is used for the exception being thrown.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4528 Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4529 unlet novar #
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4530 causes >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4531 E108: No such variable: "novar"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4532 E488: Trailing characters
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4533 The value of the error exception inside try conditionals is: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4534 Vim(unlet):E488: Trailing characters
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4535 This is done because the syntax error might change the execution path in a way
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4536 not intended by the user. Example: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4537 try
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4538 try \| unlet novar # \| catch \| echo v:exception \| endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4539 catch /.*/
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4540 echo "outer catch:" v:exception
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4541 endtry
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4542 This displays "outer catch: Vim(unlet):E488: Trailing characters", and then
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4543 a "E600: Missing :endtry" error message is given, see \|except-single-line\|.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4544
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4545 ==============================================================================
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4546 9. Examples eval-examples
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4547
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4548 Printing in Binary ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4549 >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4550 :" The function Nr2Bin() returns the binary string representation of a number.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4551 :func Nr2Bin(nr)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4552 : let n = a:nr
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4553 : let r = ""
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4554 : while n
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4555 : let r = '01'[n % 2] .. r
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4556 : let n = n / 2
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4557 : endwhile
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4558 : return r
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4559 :endfunc
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4560
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4561 :" The function String2Bin() converts each character in a string to a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4562 :" binary string, separated with dashes.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4563 :func String2Bin(str)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4564 : let out = ''
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4565 : for ix in range(strlen(a:str))
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4566 : let out = out .. '-' .. Nr2Bin(char2nr(a:str[ix]))
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4567 : endfor
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4568 : return out[1:]
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4569 :endfunc
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4570
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4571 Example of its use: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4572 :echo Nr2Bin(32)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4573 result: "100000" >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4574 :echo String2Bin("32")
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4575 result: "110011-110010"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4576
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4577
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4578 Sorting lines ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4579
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4580 This example sorts lines with a specific compare function. >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4581
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4582 :func SortBuffer()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4583 : let lines = getline(1, '$')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4584 : call sort(lines, function("Strcmp"))
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4585 : call setline(1, lines)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4586 :endfunction
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4587
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4588 As a one-liner: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4589 :call setline(1, sort(getline(1, '$'), function("Strcmp")))
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4590
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4591
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4592 scanf() replacement ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4593 sscanf
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4594 There is no sscanf() function in Vim. If you need to extract parts from a
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4595 line, you can use matchstr() and substitute() to do it. This example shows
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4596 how to get the file name, line number and column number out of a line like
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4597 "foobar.txt, 123, 45". >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4598 :" Set up the match bit
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4599 :let mx='$\f\+$,\s$\d\+$,\s$\d\+$'
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4600 :"get the part matching the whole expression
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4601 :let l = matchstr(line, mx)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4602 :"get each item out of the match
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4603 :let file = substitute(l, mx, '\1', '')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4604 :let lnum = substitute(l, mx, '\2', '')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4605 :let col = substitute(l, mx, '\3', '')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4606
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4607 The input is in the variable "line", the results in the variables "file",
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4608 "lnum" and "col". (idea from Michael Geddes)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4609
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4610
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4611 getting the scriptnames in a Dictionary ~
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4612 scriptnames-dictionary
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4613 The `:scriptnames` command can be used to get a list of all script files that
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4614 have been sourced. There is also the `getscriptinfo()` function, but the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4615 information returned is not exactly the same. In case you need to manipulate
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4616 the list, this code can be used as a base: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4617
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4618 # Create or update scripts dictionary, indexed by SNR, and return it.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4619 def Scripts(scripts: dict<string> = {}): dict<string>
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4620 for info in getscriptinfo()
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4621 if scripts->has_key(info.sid)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4622 continue
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4623 endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4624 scripts[info.sid] = info.name
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4625 endfor
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4626 return scripts
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4627 enddef
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4628
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4629 ==============================================================================
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4630 10. Vim script versions vimscript-version vimscript-versions
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4631 scriptversion
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4632 Over time many features have been added to Vim script. This includes Ex
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4633 commands, functions, variable types, etc. Each individual feature can be
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4634 checked with the \|has()\| and \|exists()\| functions.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4635
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4636 Sometimes old syntax of functionality gets in the way of making Vim better.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4637 When support is taken away this will break older Vim scripts. To make this
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4638 explicit the \|:scriptversion\| command can be used. When a Vim script is not
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4639 compatible with older versions of Vim this will give an explicit error,
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4640 instead of failing in mysterious ways.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4641
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4642 When using a legacy function, defined with `:function`, in \|Vim9\| script then
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4643 scriptversion 4 is used.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4644
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4645 scriptversion-1 >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4646 :scriptversion 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4647 < This is the original Vim script, same as not using a \|:scriptversion\|
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4648 command. Can be used to go back to old syntax for a range of lines.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4649 Test for support with: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4650 has('vimscript-1')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4651
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4652 < scriptversion-2 >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4653 :scriptversion 2
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4654 < String concatenation with "." is not supported, use ".." instead.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4655 This avoids the ambiguity using "." for Dict member access and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4656 floating point numbers. Now ".5" means the number 0.5.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4657
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4658 scriptversion-3 >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4659 :scriptversion 3
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4660 < All \|vim-variable\|s must be prefixed by "v:". E.g. "version" doesn't
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4661 work as \|v:version\| anymore, it can be used as a normal variable.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4662 Same for some obvious names as "count" and others.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4663
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4664 Test for support with: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4665 has('vimscript-3')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4666 <
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4667 scriptversion-4 >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4668 :scriptversion 4
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4669 < Numbers with a leading zero are not recognized as octal. "0o" or "0O"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4670 is still recognized as octal. With the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4671 previous version you get: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4672 echo 017 " displays 15 (octal)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4673 echo 0o17 " displays 15 (octal)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4674 echo 018 " displays 18 (decimal)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4675 < with script version 4: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4676 echo 017 " displays 17 (decimal)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4677 echo 0o17 " displays 15 (octal)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4678 echo 018 " displays 18 (decimal)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4679 < Also, it is possible to use single quotes inside numbers to make them
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4680 easier to read: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4681 echo 1'000'000
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4682 < The quotes must be surrounded by digits.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4683
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4684 Test for support with: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4685 has('vimscript-4')
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4686
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4687 ==============================================================================
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4688 11. No +eval feature no-eval-feature
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4689
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4690 When the \|+eval\| feature was disabled at compile time, none of the expression
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4691 evaluation commands are available. To prevent this from causing Vim scripts
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4692 to generate all kinds of errors, the ":if" and ":endif" commands are still
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4693 recognized, though the argument of the ":if" and everything between the ":if"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4694 and the matching ":endif" is ignored. Nesting of ":if" blocks is allowed, but
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4695 only if the commands are at the start of the line. The ":else" command is not
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4696 recognized.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4697
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4698 Example of how to avoid executing commands when the \|+eval\| feature is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4699 missing: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4700
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4701 :if 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4702 : echo "Expression evaluation is compiled in"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4703 :else
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4704 : echo "You will _never_ see this message"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4705 :endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4706
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4707 To execute a command only when the \|+eval\| feature is disabled can be done in
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4708 two ways. The simplest is to exit the script (or Vim) prematurely: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4709 if 1
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4710 echo "commands executed with +eval"
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4711 finish
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4712 endif
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4713 args " command executed without +eval
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4714
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4715 If you do not want to abort loading the script you can use a trick, as this
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4716 example shows: >
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4717
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4718 silent! while 0
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4719 set history=111
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4720 silent! endwhile
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4721
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4722 When the \|+eval\| feature is available the command is skipped because of the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4723 "while 0". Without the \|+eval\| feature the "while 0" is an error, which is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4724 silently ignored, and the command is executed.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4725
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4726 ==============================================================================
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4727 12. The sandbox eval-sandbox sandbox
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4728
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4729 The 'foldexpr', 'formatexpr', 'includeexpr', 'indentexpr', 'statusline' and
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4730 'foldtext' options may be evaluated in a sandbox. This means that you are
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4731 protected from these expressions having nasty side effects. This gives some
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4732 safety for when these options are set from a modeline. It is also used when
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4733 the command from a tags file is executed and for CTRL-R = in the command line.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4734 The sandbox is also used for the \|:sandbox\| command.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4735 E48
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4736 These items are not allowed in the sandbox:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4737 - changing the buffer text
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4738 - defining or changing mapping, autocommands, user commands
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4739 - setting certain options (see \|option-summary\|)
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4740 - setting certain v: variables (see \|v:var\|) E794
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4741 - executing a shell command
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4742 - reading or writing a file
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4743 - jumping to another buffer or editing a file
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4744 - executing Python, Perl, etc. commands
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4745 This is not guaranteed 100% secure, but it should block most attacks.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4746
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4747 :san :sandbox
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4748 :san[dbox] {cmd} Execute {cmd} in the sandbox. Useful to evaluate an
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4749 option that may have been set from a modeline, e.g.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4750 'foldexpr'.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4751
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4752 sandbox-option
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4753 A few options contain an expression. When this expression is evaluated it may
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4754 have to be done in the sandbox to avoid a security risk. But the sandbox is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4755 restrictive, thus this only happens when the option was set from an insecure
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4756 location. Insecure in this context are:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4757 - sourcing a .vimrc or .exrc in the current directory
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4758 - while executing in the sandbox
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4759 - value coming from a modeline
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4760 - executing a function that was defined in the sandbox
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4761
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4762 Note that when in the sandbox and saving an option value and restoring it, the
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4763 option will still be marked as it was set in the sandbox.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4764
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4765 ==============================================================================
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4766 13. Textlock textlock
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4767
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4768 In a few situations it is not allowed to change the text in the buffer, jump
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4769 to another window and some other things that might confuse or break what Vim
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4770 is currently doing. This mostly applies to things that happen when Vim is
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4771 actually doing something else. For example, evaluating the 'balloonexpr' may
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4772 happen any moment the mouse cursor is resting at some position.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4773
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4774 This is not allowed when the textlock is active:
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4775 - changing the buffer text
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4776 - jumping to another buffer or window
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4777 - editing another file
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4778 - closing a window or quitting Vim
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4779 - etc.
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4780
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4781
695b50472e85 Fix line endings issue Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> parents: 32669 diff changeset	4782 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl:

Mercurial > vim

annotate runtime/doc/eval.txt @ 32670:695b50472e85