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annotate runtime/doc/usr_05.txt @ 14372:2a4a2dc35c55
Update runtime files.
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/a9604e61451707b38fdcb088fbfaeea2b922fef6
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Sat Jul 21 05:56:22 2018 +0200
Update runtime files.
| author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Sat, 21 Jul 2018 06:00:09 +0200 |
| parents | 1174611ad715 |
| children | 5c5908e81e93 |
| rev | line source |
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| 13963 | 1 *usr_05.txt* For Vim version 8.1. Last change: 2018 Feb 20 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 4 | |
| 5 Set your settings | |
| 6 | |
| 7 | |
| 8 Vim can be tuned to work like you want it to. This chapter shows you how to | |
| 9 make Vim start with options set to different values. Add plugins to extend | |
| 164 | 10 Vim's capabilities. Or define your own macros. |
| 7 | 11 |
| 12 |05.1| The vimrc file | |
| 13 |05.2| The example vimrc file explained | |
| 14 |05.3| Simple mappings | |
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15 |05.4| Adding a package |
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16 |05.5| Adding a plugin |
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17 |05.6| Adding a help file |
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18 |05.7| The option window |
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19 |05.8| Often used options |
| 7 | 20 |
| 21 Next chapter: |usr_06.txt| Using syntax highlighting | |
| 22 Previous chapter: |usr_04.txt| Making small changes | |
| 23 Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt| | |
| 24 | |
| 25 ============================================================================== | |
| 26 *05.1* The vimrc file *vimrc-intro* | |
| 27 | |
| 28 You probably got tired of typing commands that you use very often. To start | |
| 819 | 29 Vim with all your favorite option settings and mappings, you write them in |
| 30 what is called the vimrc file. Vim executes the commands in this file when it | |
| 31 starts up. | |
| 7 | 32 |
| 819 | 33 If you already have a vimrc file (e.g., when your sysadmin has one setup for |
| 34 you), you can edit it this way: > | |
| 7 | 35 |
| 819 | 36 :edit $MYVIMRC |
| 37 | |
| 38 If you don't have a vimrc file yet, see |vimrc| to find out where you can | |
| 7 | 39 create a vimrc file. Also, the ":version" command mentions the name of the |
| 40 "user vimrc file" Vim looks for. | |
| 41 | |
| 819 | 42 For Unix and Macintosh this file is always used and is recommended: |
| 7 | 43 |
| 819 | 44 ~/.vimrc ~ |
| 7 | 45 |
| 819 | 46 For MS-DOS and MS-Windows you can use one of these: |
| 7 | 47 |
| 819 | 48 $HOME/_vimrc ~ |
| 49 $VIM/_vimrc ~ | |
| 7 | 50 |
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51 If you are creating the vimrc file for the first time, it is recommended to |
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52 put this line at the top: > |
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53 |
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54 source $VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim |
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55 |
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56 This initializes Vim for new users (as opposed to traditional Vi users). See |
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57 |defaults.vim| for the details. |
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58 |
| 7 | 59 The vimrc file can contain all the commands that you type after a colon. The |
| 60 most simple ones are for setting options. For example, if you want Vim to | |
| 3967 | 61 always start with the 'incsearch' option on, add this line your vimrc file: > |
| 7 | 62 |
| 63 set incsearch | |
| 64 | |
| 65 For this new line to take effect you need to exit Vim and start it again. | |
| 66 Later you will learn how to do this without exiting Vim. | |
| 67 | |
| 68 This chapter only explains the most basic items. For more information on how | |
| 69 to write a Vim script file: |usr_41.txt|. | |
| 70 | |
| 71 ============================================================================== | |
| 72 *05.2* The example vimrc file explained *vimrc_example.vim* | |
| 73 | |
| 74 In the first chapter was explained how the example vimrc (included in the | |
| 75 Vim distribution) file can be used to make Vim startup in not-compatible mode | |
| 76 (see |not-compatible|). The file can be found here: | |
| 77 | |
| 78 $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim ~ | |
| 79 | |
| 80 In this section we will explain the various commands used in this file. This | |
| 81 will give you hints about how to set up your own preferences. Not everything | |
| 82 will be explained though. Use the ":help" command to find out more. | |
| 83 | |
| 84 > | |
| 85 set nocompatible | |
| 86 | |
| 87 As mentioned in the first chapter, these manuals explain Vim working in an | |
| 88 improved way, thus not completely Vi compatible. Setting the 'compatible' | |
| 89 option off, thus 'nocompatible' takes care of this. | |
| 90 | |
| 91 > | |
| 92 set backspace=indent,eol,start | |
| 93 | |
| 94 This specifies where in Insert mode the <BS> is allowed to delete the | |
| 95 character in front of the cursor. The three items, separated by commas, tell | |
| 96 Vim to delete the white space at the start of the line, a line break and the | |
| 97 character before where Insert mode started. | |
| 98 > | |
| 99 | |
| 100 set autoindent | |
| 101 | |
| 102 This makes Vim use the indent of the previous line for a newly created line. | |
| 103 Thus there is the same amount of white space before the new line. For example | |
| 104 when pressing <Enter> in Insert mode, and when using the "o" command to open a | |
| 105 new line. | |
| 106 > | |
| 107 | |
| 108 if has("vms") | |
| 109 set nobackup | |
| 110 else | |
| 111 set backup | |
| 112 endif | |
| 113 | |
| 114 This tells Vim to keep a backup copy of a file when overwriting it. But not | |
| 115 on the VMS system, since it keeps old versions of files already. The backup | |
| 116 file will have the same name as the original file with "~" added. See |07.4| | |
| 117 > | |
| 118 | |
| 119 set history=50 | |
| 120 | |
| 121 Keep 50 commands and 50 search patterns in the history. Use another number if | |
| 122 you want to remember fewer or more lines. | |
| 123 > | |
| 124 | |
| 125 set ruler | |
| 126 | |
| 127 Always display the current cursor position in the lower right corner of the | |
| 128 Vim window. | |
| 129 | |
| 130 > | |
| 131 set showcmd | |
| 132 | |
| 133 Display an incomplete command in the lower right corner of the Vim window, | |
| 134 left of the ruler. For example, when you type "2f", Vim is waiting for you to | |
| 135 type the character to find and "2f" is displayed. When you press "w" next, | |
| 136 the "2fw" command is executed and the displayed "2f" is removed. | |
| 137 | |
| 138 +-------------------------------------------------+ | |
| 139 |text in the Vim window | | |
| 140 |~ | | |
| 141 |~ | | |
| 142 |-- VISUAL -- 2f 43,8 17% | | |
| 143 +-------------------------------------------------+ | |
| 144 ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ | |
| 145 'showmode' 'showcmd' 'ruler' | |
| 146 | |
| 147 > | |
| 148 set incsearch | |
| 149 | |
| 150 Display the match for a search pattern when halfway typing it. | |
| 151 | |
| 152 > | |
| 153 map Q gq | |
| 154 | |
| 155 This defines a key mapping. More about that in the next section. This | |
| 156 defines the "Q" command to do formatting with the "gq" operator. This is how | |
| 157 it worked before Vim 5.0. Otherwise the "Q" command starts Ex mode, but you | |
| 158 will not need it. | |
| 159 | |
| 160 > | |
| 43 | 161 vnoremap _g y:exe "grep /" . escape(@", '\\/') . "/ *.c *.h"<CR> |
| 7 | 162 |
| 43 | 163 This mapping yanks the visually selected text and searches for it in C files. |
| 164 This is a complicated mapping. You can see that mappings can be used to do | |
| 165 quite complicated things. Still, it is just a sequence of commands that are | |
| 7 | 166 executed like you typed them. |
| 167 | |
| 168 > | |
| 169 if &t_Co > 2 || has("gui_running") | |
| 170 syntax on | |
| 171 set hlsearch | |
| 172 endif | |
| 173 | |
| 174 This switches on syntax highlighting, but only if colors are available. And | |
| 175 the 'hlsearch' option tells Vim to highlight matches with the last used search | |
| 176 pattern. The "if" command is very useful to set options only when some | |
| 177 condition is met. More about that in |usr_41.txt|. | |
| 178 | |
| 179 *vimrc-filetype* > | |
| 180 filetype plugin indent on | |
| 181 | |
| 182 This switches on three very clever mechanisms: | |
| 183 1. Filetype detection. | |
| 184 Whenever you start editing a file, Vim will try to figure out what kind of | |
| 185 file this is. When you edit "main.c", Vim will see the ".c" extension and | |
| 186 recognize this as a "c" filetype. When you edit a file that starts with | |
| 187 "#!/bin/sh", Vim will recognize it as a "sh" filetype. | |
| 188 The filetype detection is used for syntax highlighting and the other two | |
| 189 items below. | |
| 190 See |filetypes|. | |
| 191 | |
| 192 2. Using filetype plugin files | |
| 193 Many different filetypes are edited with different options. For example, | |
| 194 when you edit a "c" file, it's very useful to set the 'cindent' option to | |
| 195 automatically indent the lines. These commonly useful option settings are | |
| 196 included with Vim in filetype plugins. You can also add your own, see | |
| 197 |write-filetype-plugin|. | |
| 198 | |
| 199 3. Using indent files | |
| 200 When editing programs, the indent of a line can often be computed | |
| 201 automatically. Vim comes with these indent rules for a number of | |
| 202 filetypes. See |:filetype-indent-on| and 'indentexpr'. | |
| 203 | |
| 204 > | |
| 205 autocmd FileType text setlocal textwidth=78 | |
| 206 | |
| 207 This makes Vim break text to avoid lines getting longer than 78 characters. | |
| 208 But only for files that have been detected to be plain text. There are | |
| 209 actually two parts here. "autocmd FileType text" is an autocommand. This | |
| 210 defines that when the file type is set to "text" the following command is | |
| 211 automatically executed. "setlocal textwidth=78" sets the 'textwidth' option | |
| 212 to 78, but only locally in one file. | |
| 213 | |
| 1125 | 214 *restore-cursor* > |
| 7 | 215 autocmd BufReadPost * |
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216 \ if line("'\"") > 1 && line("'\"") <= line("$") | |
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217 \ exe "normal! g`\"" | |
| 7 | 218 \ endif |
| 219 | |
| 220 Another autocommand. This time it is used after reading any file. The | |
| 221 complicated stuff after it checks if the '" mark is defined, and jumps to it | |
| 222 if so. The backslash at the start of a line is used to continue the command | |
| 223 from the previous line. That avoids a line getting very long. | |
| 224 See |line-continuation|. This only works in a Vim script file, not when | |
| 225 typing commands at the command-line. | |
| 226 | |
| 227 ============================================================================== | |
| 228 *05.3* Simple mappings | |
| 229 | |
| 230 A mapping enables you to bind a set of Vim commands to a single key. Suppose, | |
| 231 for example, that you need to surround certain words with curly braces. In | |
| 232 other words, you need to change a word such as "amount" into "{amount}". With | |
| 233 the :map command, you can tell Vim that the F5 key does this job. The command | |
| 234 is as follows: > | |
| 235 | |
| 236 :map <F5> i{<Esc>ea}<Esc> | |
| 237 < | |
| 238 Note: | |
| 239 When entering this command, you must enter <F5> by typing four | |
| 240 characters. Similarly, <Esc> is not entered by pressing the <Esc> | |
| 241 key, but by typing five characters. Watch out for this difference | |
| 242 when reading the manual! | |
| 243 | |
| 244 Let's break this down: | |
| 245 <F5> The F5 function key. This is the trigger key that causes the | |
| 246 command to be executed as the key is pressed. | |
| 247 | |
| 248 i{<Esc> Insert the { character. The <Esc> key ends Insert mode. | |
| 249 | |
| 250 e Move to the end of the word. | |
| 251 | |
| 252 a}<Esc> Append the } to the word. | |
| 253 | |
| 254 After you execute the ":map" command, all you have to do to put {} around a | |
| 255 word is to put the cursor on the first character and press F5. | |
| 256 | |
| 257 In this example, the trigger is a single key; it can be any string. But when | |
| 258 you use an existing Vim command, that command will no longer be available. | |
| 259 You better avoid that. | |
| 260 One key that can be used with mappings is the backslash. Since you | |
| 261 probably want to define more than one mapping, add another character. You | |
| 164 | 262 could map "\p" to add parentheses around a word, and "\c" to add curly braces, |
| 263 for example: > | |
| 7 | 264 |
| 265 :map \p i(<Esc>ea)<Esc> | |
| 266 :map \c i{<Esc>ea}<Esc> | |
| 267 | |
| 268 You need to type the \ and the p quickly after another, so that Vim knows they | |
| 269 belong together. | |
| 270 | |
| 271 The ":map" command (with no arguments) lists your current mappings. At | |
| 272 least the ones for Normal mode. More about mappings in section |40.1|. | |
| 273 | |
| 274 ============================================================================== | |
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275 *05.4* Adding a package *add-package* *matchit-install* |
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276 |
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277 A package is a set of files that you can add to Vim. There are two kinds of |
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278 packages: optional and automatically loaded on startup. |
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279 |
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280 The Vim distribution comes with a few packages that you can optionally use. |
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281 For example, the matchit plugin. This plugin makes the "%" command jump to |
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282 matching HTML tags, if/else/endif in Vim scripts, etc. Very useful, although |
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283 it's not backwards compatible (that's why it is not enabled by default). |
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284 |
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285 To start using the matchit plugin, add one line to your vimrc file: > |
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286 packadd! matchit |
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287 |
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288 That's all! After restarting Vim you can find help about this plugin: > |
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289 :help matchit |
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290 |
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291 This works, because when `:packadd` loaded the plugin it also added the |
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292 package directory in 'runtimepath', so that the help file can be found. |
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293 |
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294 You can find packages on the Internet in various places. It usually comes as |
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295 an archive or as a repository. For an archive you can follow these steps: |
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296 1. create the package directory: > |
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297 mkdir -p ~/.vim/pack/fancy |
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298 < "fancy" can be any name of your liking. Use one that describes the |
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299 package. |
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300 2. unpack the archive in that directory. This assumes the top |
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301 directory in the archive is "start": > |
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302 cd ~/.vim/pack/fancy |
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303 unzip /tmp/fancy.zip |
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304 < If the archive layout is different make sure that you end up with a |
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305 path like this: |
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306 ~/.vim/pack/fancy/start/fancytext/plugin/fancy.vim ~ |
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307 Here "fancytext" is the name of the package, it can be anything |
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308 else. |
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309 |
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310 More information about packages can be found here: |packages|. |
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311 |
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312 ============================================================================== |
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313 *05.5* Adding a plugin *add-plugin* *plugin* |
| 7 | 314 |
| 315 Vim's functionality can be extended by adding plugins. A plugin is nothing | |
| 316 more than a Vim script file that is loaded automatically when Vim starts. You | |
| 317 can add a plugin very easily by dropping it in your plugin directory. | |
| 318 {not available when Vim was compiled without the |+eval| feature} | |
| 319 | |
| 320 There are two types of plugins: | |
| 321 | |
| 322 global plugin: Used for all kinds of files | |
| 323 filetype plugin: Only used for a specific type of file | |
| 324 | |
| 325 The global plugins will be discussed first, then the filetype ones | |
| 326 |add-filetype-plugin|. | |
| 327 | |
| 328 | |
| 329 GLOBAL PLUGINS *standard-plugin* | |
| 330 | |
| 331 When you start Vim, it will automatically load a number of global plugins. | |
| 332 You don't have to do anything for this. They add functionality that most | |
| 333 people will want to use, but which was implemented as a Vim script instead of | |
| 334 being compiled into Vim. You can find them listed in the help index | |
| 335 |standard-plugin-list|. Also see |load-plugins|. | |
| 336 | |
| 337 *add-global-plugin* | |
| 338 You can add a global plugin to add functionality that will always be present | |
| 339 when you use Vim. There are only two steps for adding a global plugin: | |
| 340 1. Get a copy of the plugin. | |
| 341 2. Drop it in the right directory. | |
| 342 | |
| 343 | |
| 344 GETTING A GLOBAL PLUGIN | |
| 345 | |
| 346 Where can you find plugins? | |
| 14372 | 347 - Some are always loaded, you can see them in the directory $VIMRUNTIME/plugin. |
| 7 | 348 - Some come with Vim. You can find them in the directory $VIMRUNTIME/macros |
| 14372 | 349 and its sub-directories and under $VIM/vimfiles/pack/dist/opt/. |
| 800 | 350 - Download from the net. There is a large collection on http://www.vim.org. |
| 7 | 351 - They are sometimes posted in a Vim |maillist|. |
| 352 - You could write one yourself, see |write-plugin|. | |
| 353 | |
| 800 | 354 Some plugins come as a vimball archive, see |vimball|. |
| 355 Some plugins can be updated automatically, see |getscript|. | |
| 356 | |
| 7 | 357 |
| 358 USING A GLOBAL PLUGIN | |
| 359 | |
| 360 First read the text in the plugin itself to check for any special conditions. | |
| 361 Then copy the file to your plugin directory: | |
| 362 | |
| 363 system plugin directory ~ | |
| 364 Unix ~/.vim/plugin/ | |
| 365 PC and OS/2 $HOME/vimfiles/plugin or $VIM/vimfiles/plugin | |
| 366 Amiga s:vimfiles/plugin | |
| 367 Macintosh $VIM:vimfiles:plugin | |
| 368 Mac OS X ~/.vim/plugin/ | |
| 369 RISC-OS Choices:vimfiles.plugin | |
| 370 | |
| 371 Example for Unix (assuming you didn't have a plugin directory yet): > | |
| 372 | |
| 373 mkdir ~/.vim | |
| 374 mkdir ~/.vim/plugin | |
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375 cp /tmp/yourplugin.vim ~/.vim/plugin |
| 7 | 376 |
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377 That's all! Now you can use the commands defined in this plugin. |
| 7 | 378 |
| 548 | 379 Instead of putting plugins directly into the plugin/ directory, you may |
| 380 better organize them by putting them into subdirectories under plugin/. | |
| 381 As an example, consider using "~/.vim/plugin/perl/*.vim" for all your Perl | |
| 382 plugins. | |
| 541 | 383 |
| 7 | 384 |
| 385 FILETYPE PLUGINS *add-filetype-plugin* *ftplugins* | |
| 386 | |
| 387 The Vim distribution comes with a set of plugins for different filetypes that | |
| 388 you can start using with this command: > | |
| 389 | |
| 390 :filetype plugin on | |
| 391 | |
| 392 That's all! See |vimrc-filetype|. | |
| 393 | |
| 394 If you are missing a plugin for a filetype you are using, or you found a | |
| 395 better one, you can add it. There are two steps for adding a filetype plugin: | |
| 396 1. Get a copy of the plugin. | |
| 397 2. Drop it in the right directory. | |
| 398 | |
| 399 | |
| 400 GETTING A FILETYPE PLUGIN | |
| 401 | |
| 402 You can find them in the same places as the global plugins. Watch out if the | |
| 403 type of file is mentioned, then you know if the plugin is a global or a | |
| 404 filetype one. The scripts in $VIMRUNTIME/macros are global ones, the filetype | |
| 405 plugins are in $VIMRUNTIME/ftplugin. | |
| 406 | |
| 407 | |
| 408 USING A FILETYPE PLUGIN *ftplugin-name* | |
| 409 | |
| 410 You can add a filetype plugin by dropping it in the right directory. The | |
| 411 name of this directory is in the same directory mentioned above for global | |
| 412 plugins, but the last part is "ftplugin". Suppose you have found a plugin for | |
| 413 the "stuff" filetype, and you are on Unix. Then you can move this file to the | |
| 414 ftplugin directory: > | |
| 415 | |
| 416 mv thefile ~/.vim/ftplugin/stuff.vim | |
| 417 | |
| 418 If that file already exists you already have a plugin for "stuff". You might | |
| 419 want to check if the existing plugin doesn't conflict with the one you are | |
| 420 adding. If it's OK, you can give the new one another name: > | |
| 421 | |
| 422 mv thefile ~/.vim/ftplugin/stuff_too.vim | |
| 423 | |
| 424 The underscore is used to separate the name of the filetype from the rest, | |
| 10 | 425 which can be anything. If you use "otherstuff.vim" it wouldn't work, it would |
| 426 be loaded for the "otherstuff" filetype. | |
| 7 | 427 |
| 428 On MS-DOS you cannot use long filenames. You would run into trouble if you | |
| 429 add a second plugin and the filetype has more than six characters. You can | |
| 430 use an extra directory to get around this: > | |
| 431 | |
| 432 mkdir $VIM/vimfiles/ftplugin/fortran | |
| 433 copy thefile $VIM/vimfiles/ftplugin/fortran/too.vim | |
| 434 | |
| 435 The generic names for the filetype plugins are: > | |
| 436 | |
| 437 ftplugin/<filetype>.vim | |
| 438 ftplugin/<filetype>_<name>.vim | |
| 439 ftplugin/<filetype>/<name>.vim | |
| 440 | |
| 441 Here "<name>" can be any name that you prefer. | |
| 442 Examples for the "stuff" filetype on Unix: > | |
| 443 | |
| 444 ~/.vim/ftplugin/stuff.vim | |
| 445 ~/.vim/ftplugin/stuff_def.vim | |
| 446 ~/.vim/ftplugin/stuff/header.vim | |
| 447 | |
| 448 The <filetype> part is the name of the filetype the plugin is to be used for. | |
| 449 Only files of this filetype will use the settings from the plugin. The <name> | |
| 450 part of the plugin file doesn't matter, you can use it to have several plugins | |
| 451 for the same filetype. Note that it must end in ".vim". | |
| 452 | |
| 453 | |
| 454 Further reading: | |
| 455 |filetype-plugins| Documentation for the filetype plugins and information | |
| 456 about how to avoid that mappings cause problems. | |
| 457 |load-plugins| When the global plugins are loaded during startup. | |
| 458 |ftplugin-overrule| Overruling the settings from a global plugin. | |
| 459 |write-plugin| How to write a plugin script. | |
| 460 |plugin-details| For more information about using plugins or when your | |
| 461 plugin doesn't work. | |
| 462 |new-filetype| How to detect a new file type. | |
| 463 | |
| 464 ============================================================================== | |
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465 *05.6* Adding a help file *add-local-help* |
| 7 | 466 |
| 467 If you are lucky, the plugin you installed also comes with a help file. We | |
| 468 will explain how to install the help file, so that you can easily find help | |
| 469 for your new plugin. | |
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470 Let us use the "doit.vim" plugin as an example. This plugin comes with |
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471 documentation: "doit.txt". Let's first copy the plugin to the right |
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472 directory. This time we will do it from inside Vim. (You may skip some of |
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473 the "mkdir" commands if you already have the directory.) > |
| 7 | 474 |
| 475 :!mkdir ~/.vim | |
| 476 :!mkdir ~/.vim/plugin | |
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477 :!cp /tmp/doit.vim ~/.vim/plugin |
| 7 | 478 |
| 22 | 479 The "cp" command is for Unix, on MS-DOS you can use "copy". |
| 480 | |
| 7 | 481 Now create a "doc" directory in one of the directories in 'runtimepath'. > |
| 482 | |
| 483 :!mkdir ~/.vim/doc | |
| 484 | |
| 485 Copy the help file to the "doc" directory. > | |
| 486 | |
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487 :!cp /tmp/doit.txt ~/.vim/doc |
| 7 | 488 |
| 489 Now comes the trick, which allows you to jump to the subjects in the new help | |
| 490 file: Generate the local tags file with the |:helptags| command. > | |
| 491 | |
| 492 :helptags ~/.vim/doc | |
| 493 | |
| 494 Now you can use the > | |
| 495 | |
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496 :help doit |
| 7 | 497 |
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498 command to find help for "doit" in the help file you just added. You can see |
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499 an entry for the local help file when you do: > |
| 7 | 500 |
| 501 :help local-additions | |
| 502 | |
| 503 The title lines from the local help files are automagically added to this | |
| 504 section. There you can see which local help files have been added and jump to | |
| 505 them through the tag. | |
| 506 | |
| 507 For writing a local help file, see |write-local-help|. | |
| 508 | |
| 509 ============================================================================== | |
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510 *05.7* The option window |
| 7 | 511 |
| 512 If you are looking for an option that does what you want, you can search in | |
| 513 the help files here: |options|. Another way is by using this command: > | |
| 514 | |
| 515 :options | |
| 516 | |
| 517 This opens a new window, with a list of options with a one-line explanation. | |
| 518 The options are grouped by subject. Move the cursor to a subject and press | |
| 519 <Enter> to jump there. Press <Enter> again to jump back. Or use CTRL-O. | |
| 520 | |
| 521 You can change the value of an option. For example, move to the "displaying | |
| 522 text" subject. Then move the cursor down to this line: | |
| 523 | |
| 524 set wrap nowrap ~ | |
| 525 | |
| 526 When you hit <Enter>, the line will change to: | |
| 527 | |
| 528 set nowrap wrap ~ | |
| 529 | |
| 530 The option has now been switched off. | |
| 531 | |
| 532 Just above this line is a short description of the 'wrap' option. Move the | |
| 533 cursor one line up to place it in this line. Now hit <Enter> and you jump to | |
| 534 the full help on the 'wrap' option. | |
| 535 | |
| 536 For options that take a number or string argument you can edit the value. | |
| 537 Then press <Enter> to apply the new value. For example, move the cursor a few | |
| 538 lines up to this line: | |
| 539 | |
| 540 set so=0 ~ | |
| 541 | |
| 542 Position the cursor on the zero with "$". Change it into a five with "r5". | |
| 543 Then press <Enter> to apply the new value. When you now move the cursor | |
| 544 around you will notice that the text starts scrolling before you reach the | |
| 545 border. This is what the 'scrolloff' option does, it specifies an offset | |
| 546 from the window border where scrolling starts. | |
| 547 | |
| 548 ============================================================================== | |
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549 *05.8* Often used options |
| 7 | 550 |
| 551 There are an awful lot of options. Most of them you will hardly ever use. | |
| 552 Some of the more useful ones will be mentioned here. Don't forget you can | |
| 553 find more help on these options with the ":help" command, with single quotes | |
| 554 before and after the option name. For example: > | |
| 555 | |
| 556 :help 'wrap' | |
| 557 | |
| 558 In case you have messed up an option value, you can set it back to the | |
| 10 | 559 default by putting an ampersand (&) after the option name. Example: > |
| 7 | 560 |
| 561 :set iskeyword& | |
| 562 | |
| 563 | |
| 564 NOT WRAPPING LINES | |
| 565 | |
| 566 Vim normally wraps long lines, so that you can see all of the text. Sometimes | |
| 567 it's better to let the text continue right of the window. Then you need to | |
| 10 | 568 scroll the text left-right to see all of a long line. Switch wrapping off |
| 569 with this command: > | |
| 7 | 570 |
| 571 :set nowrap | |
| 572 | |
| 573 Vim will automatically scroll the text when you move to text that is not | |
| 574 displayed. To see a context of ten characters, do this: > | |
| 575 | |
| 576 :set sidescroll=10 | |
| 577 | |
| 578 This doesn't change the text in the file, only the way it is displayed. | |
| 579 | |
| 580 | |
| 581 WRAPPING MOVEMENT COMMANDS | |
| 582 | |
| 583 Most commands for moving around will stop moving at the start and end of a | |
| 584 line. You can change that with the 'whichwrap' option. This sets it to the | |
| 585 default value: > | |
| 586 | |
| 587 :set whichwrap=b,s | |
| 588 | |
| 589 This allows the <BS> key, when used in the first position of a line, to move | |
| 590 the cursor to the end of the previous line. And the <Space> key moves from | |
| 591 the end of a line to the start of the next one. | |
| 592 | |
| 593 To allow the cursor keys <Left> and <Right> to also wrap, use this command: > | |
| 594 | |
| 595 :set whichwrap=b,s,<,> | |
| 596 | |
| 597 This is still only for Normal mode. To let <Left> and <Right> do this in | |
| 598 Insert mode as well: > | |
| 599 | |
| 600 :set whichwrap=b,s,<,>,[,] | |
| 601 | |
| 602 There are a few other flags that can be added, see 'whichwrap'. | |
| 603 | |
| 604 | |
| 605 VIEWING TABS | |
| 606 | |
| 607 When there are tabs in a file, you cannot see where they are. To make them | |
| 608 visible: > | |
| 609 | |
| 610 :set list | |
| 611 | |
| 1278 | 612 Now every tab is displayed as ^I. And a $ is displayed at the end of each |
| 7 | 613 line, so that you can spot trailing spaces that would otherwise go unnoticed. |
| 614 A disadvantage is that this looks ugly when there are many Tabs in a file. | |
| 615 If you have a color terminal, or are using the GUI, Vim can show the spaces | |
| 616 and tabs as highlighted characters. Use the 'listchars' option: > | |
| 617 | |
| 618 :set listchars=tab:>-,trail:- | |
| 619 | |
| 620 Now every tab will be displayed as ">---" (with more or less "-") and trailing | |
| 621 white space as "-". Looks a lot better, doesn't it? | |
| 622 | |
| 623 | |
| 624 KEYWORDS | |
| 625 | |
| 626 The 'iskeyword' option specifies which characters can appear in a word: > | |
| 627 | |
| 628 :set iskeyword | |
| 629 < iskeyword=@,48-57,_,192-255 ~ | |
| 630 | |
| 631 The "@" stands for all alphabetic letters. "48-57" stands for ASCII | |
| 632 characters 48 to 57, which are the numbers 0 to 9. "192-255" are the | |
| 633 printable latin characters. | |
| 634 Sometimes you will want to include a dash in keywords, so that commands | |
| 635 like "w" consider "upper-case" to be one word. You can do it like this: > | |
| 636 | |
| 637 :set iskeyword+=- | |
| 638 :set iskeyword | |
| 639 < iskeyword=@,48-57,_,192-255,- ~ | |
| 640 | |
| 641 If you look at the new value, you will see that Vim has added a comma for you. | |
| 642 To remove a character use "-=". For example, to remove the underscore: > | |
| 643 | |
| 644 :set iskeyword-=_ | |
| 645 :set iskeyword | |
| 646 < iskeyword=@,48-57,192-255,- ~ | |
| 647 | |
| 648 This time a comma is automatically deleted. | |
| 649 | |
| 650 | |
| 651 ROOM FOR MESSAGES | |
| 652 | |
| 653 When Vim starts there is one line at the bottom that is used for messages. | |
| 654 When a message is long, it is either truncated, thus you can only see part of | |
| 655 it, or the text scrolls and you have to press <Enter> to continue. | |
| 656 You can set the 'cmdheight' option to the number of lines used for | |
| 657 messages. Example: > | |
| 658 | |
| 659 :set cmdheight=3 | |
| 660 | |
| 661 This does mean there is less room to edit text, thus it's a compromise. | |
| 662 | |
| 663 ============================================================================== | |
| 664 | |
| 665 Next chapter: |usr_06.txt| Using syntax highlighting | |
| 666 | |
| 667 Copyright: see |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |