Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/change.txt @ 14770:27055ad9276b v8.1.0397
patch 8.1.0397: no event triggered after updating diffs
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/e8fa05b5bc2d6d76bf5af50176a63655d00d1110
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Sun Sep 16 15:48:06 2018 +0200
patch 8.1.0397: no event triggered after updating diffs
Problem: No event triggered after updating diffs.
Solution: Add the DiffUpdated event.
author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
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date | Sun, 16 Sep 2018 16:00:07 +0200 |
parents | 5c5908e81e93 |
children | 40ef13331e02 |
rev | line source |
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13963 | 1 *change.txt* For Vim version 8.1. Last change: 2018 May 12 |
7 | 2 |
3 | |
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
5 | |
6 | |
7 This file describes commands that delete or change text. In this context, | |
8 changing text means deleting the text and replacing it with other text using | |
9 one command. You can undo all of these commands. You can repeat the non-Ex | |
10 commands with the "." command. | |
11 | |
12 1. Deleting text |deleting| | |
13 2. Delete and insert |delete-insert| | |
14 3. Simple changes |simple-change| *changing* | |
15 4. Complex changes |complex-change| | |
32 | 16 4.1 Filter commands |filter| |
17 4.2 Substitute |:substitute| | |
18 4.3 Search and replace |search-replace| | |
19 4.4 Changing tabs |change-tabs| | |
7 | 20 5. Copying and moving text |copy-move| |
21 6. Formatting text |formatting| | |
282 | 22 7. Sorting text |sorting| |
7 | 23 |
24 For inserting text see |insert.txt|. | |
25 | |
26 ============================================================================== | |
27 1. Deleting text *deleting* *E470* | |
28 | |
29 ["x]<Del> or *<Del>* *x* *dl* | |
30 ["x]x Delete [count] characters under and after the cursor | |
31 [into register x] (not |linewise|). Does the same as | |
32 "dl". | |
33 The <Del> key does not take a [count]. Instead, it | |
34 deletes the last character of the count. | |
35 See |:fixdel| if the <Del> key does not do what you | |
36 want. See |'whichwrap'| for deleting a line break | |
37 (join lines). {Vi does not support <Del>} | |
38 | |
39 *X* *dh* | |
40 ["x]X Delete [count] characters before the cursor [into | |
41 register x] (not |linewise|). Does the same as "dh". | |
42 Also see |'whichwrap'|. | |
43 | |
44 *d* | |
45 ["x]d{motion} Delete text that {motion} moves over [into register | |
46 x]. See below for exceptions. | |
47 | |
48 *dd* | |
49 ["x]dd Delete [count] lines [into register x] |linewise|. | |
50 | |
51 *D* | |
52 ["x]D Delete the characters under the cursor until the end | |
53 of the line and [count]-1 more lines [into register | |
54 x]; synonym for "d$". | |
55 (not |linewise|) | |
164 | 56 When the '#' flag is in 'cpoptions' the count is |
57 ignored. | |
7 | 58 |
59 {Visual}["x]x or *v_x* *v_d* *v_<Del>* | |
60 {Visual}["x]d or | |
61 {Visual}["x]<Del> Delete the highlighted text [into register x] (for | |
62 {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
63 | |
64 {Visual}["x]CTRL-H or *v_CTRL-H* *v_<BS>* | |
65 {Visual}["x]<BS> When in Select mode: Delete the highlighted text [into | |
66 register x]. | |
67 | |
68 {Visual}["x]X or *v_X* *v_D* *v_b_D* | |
69 {Visual}["x]D Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] (for | |
70 {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). In Visual block mode, | |
71 "D" deletes the highlighted text plus all text until | |
72 the end of the line. {not in Vi} | |
73 | |
5220 | 74 *:d* *:de* *:del* *:delete* *:dl* *:dp* |
7 | 75 :[range]d[elete] [x] Delete [range] lines (default: current line) [into |
76 register x]. | |
5220 | 77 Note these weird abbreviations: |
78 :dl delete and list | |
79 :dell idem | |
80 :delel idem | |
81 :deletl idem | |
82 :deletel idem | |
83 :dp delete and print | |
84 :dep idem | |
85 :delp idem | |
86 :delep idem | |
87 :deletp idem | |
88 :deletep idem | |
7 | 89 |
90 :[range]d[elete] [x] {count} | |
91 Delete {count} lines, starting with [range] | |
92 (default: current line |cmdline-ranges|) [into | |
93 register x]. | |
94 | |
3492 | 95 These commands delete text. You can repeat them with the `.` command |
96 (except `:d`) and undo them. Use Visual mode to delete blocks of text. See | |
7 | 97 |registers| for an explanation of registers. |
98 | |
99 An exception for the d{motion} command: If the motion is not linewise, the | |
100 start and end of the motion are not in the same line, and there are only | |
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101 blanks before the start and there are no non-blanks after the end of the |
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102 motion, the delete becomes linewise. This means that the delete also removes |
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103 the line of blanks that you might expect to remain. Use the |o_v| operator to |
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104 force the motion to be characterwise. |
7 | 105 |
106 Trying to delete an empty region of text (e.g., "d0" in the first column) | |
107 is an error when 'cpoptions' includes the 'E' flag. | |
108 | |
109 *J* | |
110 J Join [count] lines, with a minimum of two lines. | |
111 Remove the indent and insert up to two spaces (see | |
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112 below). Fails when on the last line of the buffer. |
13857 | 113 If [count] is too big it is reduced to the number of |
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114 lines available. |
7 | 115 |
116 *v_J* | |
117 {Visual}J Join the highlighted lines, with a minimum of two | |
118 lines. Remove the indent and insert up to two spaces | |
119 (see below). {not in Vi} | |
120 | |
121 *gJ* | |
122 gJ Join [count] lines, with a minimum of two lines. | |
123 Don't insert or remove any spaces. {not in Vi} | |
124 | |
125 *v_gJ* | |
126 {Visual}gJ Join the highlighted lines, with a minimum of two | |
127 lines. Don't insert or remove any spaces. {not in | |
128 Vi} | |
129 | |
130 *:j* *:join* | |
168 | 131 :[range]j[oin][!] [flags] |
132 Join [range] lines. Same as "J", except with [!] | |
7 | 133 the join does not insert or delete any spaces. |
134 If a [range] has equal start and end values, this | |
135 command does nothing. The default behavior is to | |
136 join the current line with the line below it. | |
137 {not in Vi: !} | |
168 | 138 See |ex-flags| for [flags]. |
7 | 139 |
168 | 140 :[range]j[oin][!] {count} [flags] |
7 | 141 Join {count} lines, starting with [range] (default: |
142 current line |cmdline-ranges|). Same as "J", except | |
143 with [!] the join does not insert or delete any | |
144 spaces. | |
145 {not in Vi: !} | |
168 | 146 See |ex-flags| for [flags]. |
7 | 147 |
148 These commands delete the <EOL> between lines. This has the effect of joining | |
3492 | 149 multiple lines into one line. You can repeat these commands (except `:j`) and |
7 | 150 undo them. |
151 | |
152 These commands, except "gJ", insert one space in place of the <EOL> unless | |
153 there is trailing white space or the next line starts with a ')'. These | |
154 commands, except "gJ", delete any leading white space on the next line. If | |
155 the 'joinspaces' option is on, these commands insert two spaces after a '.', | |
156 '!' or '?' (but if 'cpoptions' includes the 'j' flag, they insert two spaces | |
157 only after a '.'). | |
158 The 'B' and 'M' flags in 'formatoptions' change the behavior for inserting | |
159 spaces before and after a multi-byte character |fo-table|. | |
160 | |
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161 The '[ mark is set at the end of the first line that was joined, '] at the end |
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162 of the resulting line. |
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163 |
7 | 164 |
165 ============================================================================== | |
166 2. Delete and insert *delete-insert* *replacing* | |
167 | |
168 *R* | |
169 R Enter Replace mode: Each character you type replaces | |
170 an existing character, starting with the character | |
171 under the cursor. Repeat the entered text [count]-1 | |
172 times. See |Replace-mode| for more details. | |
173 | |
174 *gR* | |
175 gR Enter Virtual Replace mode: Each character you type | |
176 replaces existing characters in screen space. So a | |
177 <Tab> may replace several characters at once. | |
178 Repeat the entered text [count]-1 times. See | |
179 |Virtual-Replace-mode| for more details. | |
180 | |
181 *c* | |
182 ["x]c{motion} Delete {motion} text [into register x] and start | |
183 insert. When 'cpoptions' includes the 'E' flag and | |
184 there is no text to delete (e.g., with "cTx" when the | |
185 cursor is just after an 'x'), an error occurs and | |
186 insert mode does not start (this is Vi compatible). | |
187 When 'cpoptions' does not include the 'E' flag, the | |
188 "c" command always starts insert mode, even if there | |
189 is no text to delete. | |
190 | |
191 *cc* | |
192 ["x]cc Delete [count] lines [into register x] and start | |
193 insert |linewise|. If 'autoindent' is on, preserve | |
194 the indent of the first line. | |
195 | |
196 *C* | |
197 ["x]C Delete from the cursor position to the end of the | |
198 line and [count]-1 more lines [into register x], and | |
199 start insert. Synonym for c$ (not |linewise|). | |
200 | |
201 *s* | |
202 ["x]s Delete [count] characters [into register x] and start | |
203 insert (s stands for Substitute). Synonym for "cl" | |
204 (not |linewise|). | |
205 | |
206 *S* | |
207 ["x]S Delete [count] lines [into register x] and start | |
208 insert. Synonym for "cc" |linewise|. | |
209 | |
210 {Visual}["x]c or *v_c* *v_s* | |
211 {Visual}["x]s Delete the highlighted text [into register x] and | |
212 start insert (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not | |
213 in Vi} | |
214 | |
215 *v_r* | |
216 {Visual}["x]r{char} Replace all selected characters by {char}. | |
217 | |
218 *v_C* | |
219 {Visual}["x]C Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] and | |
220 start insert. In Visual block mode it works | |
221 differently |v_b_C|. {not in Vi} | |
222 *v_S* | |
223 {Visual}["x]S Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] and | |
224 start insert (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not | |
225 in Vi} | |
226 *v_R* | |
227 {Visual}["x]R Currently just like {Visual}["x]S. In a next version | |
228 it might work differently. {not in Vi} | |
229 | |
230 Notes: | |
231 - You can end Insert and Replace mode with <Esc>. | |
232 - See the section "Insert and Replace mode" |mode-ins-repl| for the other | |
233 special characters in these modes. | |
234 - The effect of [count] takes place after Vim exits Insert or Replace mode. | |
235 - When the 'cpoptions' option contains '$' and the change is within one line, | |
236 Vim continues to show the text to be deleted and puts a '$' at the last | |
237 deleted character. | |
238 | |
239 See |registers| for an explanation of registers. | |
240 | |
241 Replace mode is just like Insert mode, except that every character you enter | |
242 deletes one character. If you reach the end of a line, Vim appends any | |
243 further characters (just like Insert mode). In Replace mode, the backspace | |
244 key restores the original text (if there was any). (See section "Insert and | |
245 Replace mode" |mode-ins-repl|). | |
246 | |
247 *cw* *cW* | |
1621 | 248 Special case: When the cursor is in a word, "cw" and "cW" do not include the |
249 white space after a word, they only change up to the end of the word. This is | |
250 because Vim interprets "cw" as change-word, and a word does not include the | |
251 following white space. | |
252 {Vi: "cw" when on a blank followed by other blanks changes only the first | |
253 blank; this is probably a bug, because "dw" deletes all the blanks; use the | |
254 'w' flag in 'cpoptions' to make it work like Vi anyway} | |
7 | 255 |
256 If you prefer "cw" to include the space after a word, use this mapping: > | |
257 :map cw dwi | |
1621 | 258 Or use "caw" (see |aw|). |
259 | |
7 | 260 *:c* *:ch* *:change* |
168 | 261 :{range}c[hange][!] Replace lines of text with some different text. |
7 | 262 Type a line containing only "." to stop replacing. |
263 Without {range}, this command changes only the current | |
264 line. | |
168 | 265 Adding [!] toggles 'autoindent' for the time this |
266 command is executed. | |
7 | 267 |
268 ============================================================================== | |
269 3. Simple changes *simple-change* | |
270 | |
271 *r* | |
272 r{char} Replace the character under the cursor with {char}. | |
273 If {char} is a <CR> or <NL>, a line break replaces the | |
274 character. To replace with a real <CR>, use CTRL-V | |
275 <CR>. CTRL-V <NL> replaces with a <Nul>. | |
276 {Vi: CTRL-V <CR> still replaces with a line break, | |
277 cannot replace something with a <CR>} | |
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278 |
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279 If {char} is CTRL-E or CTRL-Y the character from the |
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280 line below or above is used, just like with |i_CTRL-E| |
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281 and |i_CTRL-Y|. This also works with a count, thus |
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282 `10r<C-E>` copies 10 characters from the line below. |
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283 |
7 | 284 If you give a [count], Vim replaces [count] characters |
285 with [count] {char}s. When {char} is a <CR> or <NL>, | |
286 however, Vim inserts only one <CR>: "5r<CR>" replaces | |
287 five characters with a single line break. | |
288 When {char} is a <CR> or <NL>, Vim performs | |
289 autoindenting. This works just like deleting the | |
290 characters that are replaced and then doing | |
291 "i<CR><Esc>". | |
292 {char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|. | |
293 |:lmap| mappings apply to {char}. The CTRL-^ command | |
294 in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off | |
295 |i_CTRL-^|. See |utf-8-char-arg| about using | |
296 composing characters when 'encoding' is Unicode. | |
297 | |
298 *gr* | |
299 gr{char} Replace the virtual characters under the cursor with | |
300 {char}. This replaces in screen space, not file | |
301 space. See |gR| and |Virtual-Replace-mode| for more | |
302 details. As with |r| a count may be given. | |
303 {char} can be entered like with |r|. | |
304 | |
305 *digraph-arg* | |
306 The argument for Normal mode commands like |r| and |t| is a single character. | |
307 When 'cpo' doesn't contain the 'D' flag, this character can also be entered | |
308 like |digraphs|. First type CTRL-K and then the two digraph characters. | |
309 {not available when compiled without the |+digraphs| feature} | |
310 | |
311 *case* | |
312 The following commands change the case of letters. The currently active | |
313 |locale| is used. See |:language|. The LC_CTYPE value matters here. | |
314 | |
315 *~* | |
316 ~ 'notildeop' option: Switch case of the character | |
317 under the cursor and move the cursor to the right. | |
318 If a [count] is given, do that many characters. {Vi: | |
319 no count} | |
320 | |
321 ~{motion} 'tildeop' option: switch case of {motion} text. {Vi: | |
322 tilde cannot be used as an operator} | |
323 | |
324 *g~* | |
325 g~{motion} Switch case of {motion} text. {not in Vi} | |
326 | |
327 g~g~ *g~g~* *g~~* | |
328 g~~ Switch case of current line. {not in Vi}. | |
329 | |
330 *v_~* | |
331 {Visual}~ Switch case of highlighted text (for {Visual} see | |
332 |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
333 | |
334 *v_U* | |
335 {Visual}U Make highlighted text uppercase (for {Visual} see | |
336 |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
337 | |
338 *gU* *uppercase* | |
339 gU{motion} Make {motion} text uppercase. {not in Vi} | |
340 Example: > | |
341 :map! <C-F> <Esc>gUiw`]a | |
342 < This works in Insert mode: press CTRL-F to make the | |
343 word before the cursor uppercase. Handy to type | |
344 words in lowercase and then make them uppercase. | |
345 | |
346 | |
347 gUgU *gUgU* *gUU* | |
348 gUU Make current line uppercase. {not in Vi}. | |
349 | |
350 *v_u* | |
351 {Visual}u Make highlighted text lowercase (for {Visual} see | |
352 |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
353 | |
354 *gu* *lowercase* | |
355 gu{motion} Make {motion} text lowercase. {not in Vi} | |
356 | |
357 gugu *gugu* *guu* | |
358 guu Make current line lowercase. {not in Vi}. | |
359 | |
360 *g?* *rot13* | |
361 g?{motion} Rot13 encode {motion} text. {not in Vi} | |
362 | |
363 *v_g?* | |
364 {Visual}g? Rot13 encode the highlighted text (for {Visual} see | |
365 |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
366 | |
367 g?g? *g?g?* *g??* | |
368 g?? Rot13 encode current line. {not in Vi}. | |
369 | |
1621 | 370 To turn one line into title caps, make every first letter of a word |
371 uppercase: > | |
372 :s/\v<(.)(\w*)/\u\1\L\2/g | |
373 | |
7 | 374 |
375 Adding and subtracting ~ | |
376 *CTRL-A* | |
377 CTRL-A Add [count] to the number or alphabetic character at | |
378 or after the cursor. {not in Vi} | |
379 | |
6884 | 380 *v_CTRL-A* |
381 {Visual}CTRL-A Add [count] to the number or alphabetic character in | |
382 the highlighted text. {not in Vi} | |
383 | |
384 *v_g_CTRL-A* | |
385 {Visual}g CTRL-A Add [count] to the number or alphabetic character in | |
386 the highlighted text. If several lines are | |
387 highlighted, each one will be incremented by an | |
388 additional [count] (so effectively creating a | |
389 [count] incrementing sequence). {not in Vi} | |
390 For Example, if you have this list of numbers: | |
391 1. ~ | |
392 1. ~ | |
393 1. ~ | |
394 1. ~ | |
395 Move to the second "1." and Visually select three | |
396 lines, pressing g CTRL-A results in: | |
397 1. ~ | |
398 2. ~ | |
399 3. ~ | |
400 4. ~ | |
401 | |
7 | 402 *CTRL-X* |
403 CTRL-X Subtract [count] from the number or alphabetic | |
404 character at or after the cursor. {not in Vi} | |
405 | |
6884 | 406 *v_CTRL-X* |
407 {Visual}CTRL-X Subtract [count] from the number or alphabetic | |
408 character in the highlighted text. {not in Vi} | |
409 | |
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410 On MS-Windows, this is mapped to cut Visual text |
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411 |dos-standard-mappings|. If you want to disable the |
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412 mapping, use this: > |
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413 silent! vunmap <C-X> |
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414 < |
6884 | 415 *v_g_CTRL-X* |
416 {Visual}g CTRL-X Subtract [count] from the number or alphabetic | |
417 character in the highlighted text. If several lines | |
418 are highlighted, each value will be decremented by an | |
419 additional [count] (so effectively creating a [count] | |
420 decrementing sequence). {not in Vi} | |
421 | |
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422 The CTRL-A and CTRL-X commands can work for: |
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423 - signed and unsigned decimal numbers |
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424 - unsigned binary, octal and hexadecimal numbers |
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425 - alphabetic characters |
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426 |
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427 This depends on the 'nrformats' option: |
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428 - When 'nrformats' includes "bin", Vim assumes numbers starting with '0b' or |
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429 '0B' are binary. |
36 | 430 - When 'nrformats' includes "octal", Vim considers numbers starting with a '0' |
39 | 431 to be octal, unless the number includes a '8' or '9'. Other numbers are |
432 decimal and may have a preceding minus sign. | |
36 | 433 If the cursor is on a number, the commands apply to that number; otherwise |
434 Vim uses the number to the right of the cursor. | |
7 | 435 - When 'nrformats' includes "hex", Vim assumes numbers starting with '0x' or |
436 '0X' are hexadecimal. The case of the rightmost letter in the number | |
437 determines the case of the resulting hexadecimal number. If there is no | |
438 letter in the current number, Vim uses the previously detected case. | |
36 | 439 - When 'nrformats' includes "alpha", Vim will change the alphabetic character |
440 under or after the cursor. This is useful to make lists with an alphabetic | |
441 index. | |
7 | 442 |
6884 | 443 For decimals a leading negative sign is considered for incrementing/ |
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444 decrementing, for binary, octal and hex values, it won't be considered. To |
13857 | 445 ignore the sign Visually select the number before using CTRL-A or CTRL-X. |
6884 | 446 |
7 | 447 For numbers with leading zeros (including all octal and hexadecimal numbers), |
448 Vim preserves the number of characters in the number when possible. CTRL-A on | |
36 | 449 "0077" results in "0100", CTRL-X on "0x100" results in "0x0ff". |
39 | 450 There is one exception: When a number that starts with a zero is found not to |
451 be octal (it contains a '8' or '9'), but 'nrformats' does include "octal", | |
452 leading zeros are removed to avoid that the result may be recognized as an | |
453 octal number. | |
36 | 454 |
455 Note that when 'nrformats' includes "octal", decimal numbers with leading | |
39 | 456 zeros cause mistakes, because they can be confused with octal numbers. |
7 | 457 |
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458 Note similarly, when 'nrformats' includes "bin", binary numbers with a leading |
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459 '0x' or '0X' can be interpreted as hexadecimal rather than binary since '0b' |
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460 are valid hexadecimal digits. |
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461 |
7 | 462 The CTRL-A command is very useful in a macro. Example: Use the following |
463 steps to make a numbered list. | |
464 | |
465 1. Create the first list entry, make sure it starts with a number. | |
99 | 466 2. qa - start recording into register 'a' |
7 | 467 3. Y - yank the entry |
468 4. p - put a copy of the entry below the first one | |
469 5. CTRL-A - increment the number | |
470 6. q - stop recording | |
471 7. <count>@a - repeat the yank, put and increment <count> times | |
472 | |
473 | |
474 SHIFTING LINES LEFT OR RIGHT *shift-left-right* | |
475 | |
476 *<* | |
477 <{motion} Shift {motion} lines one 'shiftwidth' leftwards. | |
478 | |
479 *<<* | |
480 << Shift [count] lines one 'shiftwidth' leftwards. | |
481 | |
482 *v_<* | |
483 {Visual}[count]< Shift the highlighted lines [count] 'shiftwidth' | |
484 leftwards (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in | |
485 Vi} | |
486 | |
487 *>* | |
488 >{motion} Shift {motion} lines one 'shiftwidth' rightwards. | |
489 | |
490 *>>* | |
491 >> Shift [count] lines one 'shiftwidth' rightwards. | |
492 | |
493 *v_>* | |
494 {Visual}[count]> Shift the highlighted lines [count] 'shiftwidth' | |
495 rightwards (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in | |
496 Vi} | |
497 | |
498 *:<* | |
499 :[range]< Shift [range] lines one 'shiftwidth' left. Repeat '<' | |
500 for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's. | |
501 | |
502 :[range]< {count} Shift {count} lines one 'shiftwidth' left, starting | |
503 with [range] (default current line |cmdline-ranges|). | |
504 Repeat '<' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's. | |
505 | |
506 :[range]le[ft] [indent] left align lines in [range]. Sets the indent in the | |
507 lines to [indent] (default 0). {not in Vi} | |
508 | |
509 *:>* | |
168 | 510 :[range]> [flags] Shift {count} [range] lines one 'shiftwidth' right. |
7 | 511 Repeat '>' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's. |
168 | 512 See |ex-flags| for [flags]. |
7 | 513 |
168 | 514 :[range]> {count} [flags] |
515 Shift {count} lines one 'shiftwidth' right, starting | |
7 | 516 with [range] (default current line |cmdline-ranges|). |
517 Repeat '>' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's. | |
168 | 518 See |ex-flags| for [flags]. |
7 | 519 |
520 The ">" and "<" commands are handy for changing the indentation within | |
521 programs. Use the 'shiftwidth' option to set the size of the white space | |
522 which these commands insert or delete. Normally the 'shiftwidth' option is 8, | |
523 but you can set it to, say, 3 to make smaller indents. The shift leftwards | |
524 stops when there is no indent. The shift right does not affect empty lines. | |
525 | |
526 If the 'shiftround' option is on, the indent is rounded to a multiple of | |
527 'shiftwidth'. | |
528 | |
529 If the 'smartindent' option is on, or 'cindent' is on and 'cinkeys' contains | |
5466 | 530 '#' with a zero value, shift right does not affect lines starting with '#' |
531 (these are supposed to be C preprocessor lines that must stay in column 1). | |
13735 | 532 This can be changed with the 'cino' option, see |cino-#|. |
7 | 533 |
534 When the 'expandtab' option is off (this is the default) Vim uses <Tab>s as | |
535 much as possible to make the indent. You can use ">><<" to replace an indent | |
536 made out of spaces with the same indent made out of <Tab>s (and a few spaces | |
537 if necessary). If the 'expandtab' option is on, Vim uses only spaces. Then | |
538 you can use ">><<" to replace <Tab>s in the indent by spaces (or use | |
3492 | 539 `:retab!`). |
7 | 540 |
3492 | 541 To move a line several 'shiftwidth's, use Visual mode or the `:` commands. |
7 | 542 For example: > |
543 Vjj4> move three lines 4 indents to the right | |
544 :<<< move current line 3 indents to the left | |
545 :>> 5 move 5 lines 2 indents to the right | |
546 :5>> move line 5 2 indents to the right | |
547 | |
548 ============================================================================== | |
549 4. Complex changes *complex-change* | |
550 | |
856 | 551 4.1 Filter commands *filter* |
32 | 552 |
553 A filter is a program that accepts text at standard input, changes it in some | |
554 way, and sends it to standard output. You can use the commands below to send | |
1621 | 555 some text through a filter, so that it is replaced by the filter output. |
32 | 556 Examples of filters are "sort", which sorts lines alphabetically, and |
557 "indent", which formats C program files (you need a version of indent that | |
558 works like a filter; not all versions do). The 'shell' option specifies the | |
559 shell Vim uses to execute the filter command (See also the 'shelltype' | |
560 option). You can repeat filter commands with ".". Vim does not recognize a | |
3492 | 561 comment (starting with '"') after the `:!` command. |
32 | 562 |
563 *!* | |
7 | 564 !{motion}{filter} Filter {motion} text lines through the external |
565 program {filter}. | |
566 | |
567 *!!* | |
568 !!{filter} Filter [count] lines through the external program | |
569 {filter}. | |
570 | |
571 *v_!* | |
572 {Visual}!{filter} Filter the highlighted lines through the external | |
573 program {filter} (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). | |
574 {not in Vi} | |
575 | |
576 :{range}![!]{filter} [!][arg] *:range!* | |
577 Filter {range} lines through the external program | |
578 {filter}. Vim replaces the optional bangs with the | |
579 latest given command and appends the optional [arg]. | |
580 Vim saves the output of the filter command in a | |
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581 temporary file and then reads the file into the buffer |
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582 |tempfile|. Vim uses the 'shellredir' option to |
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583 redirect the filter output to the temporary file. |
603 | 584 However, if the 'shelltemp' option is off then pipes |
585 are used when possible (on Unix). | |
7 | 586 When the 'R' flag is included in 'cpoptions' marks in |
587 the filtered lines are deleted, unless the | |
588 |:keepmarks| command is used. Example: > | |
589 :keepmarks '<,'>!sort | |
590 < When the number of lines after filtering is less than | |
591 before, marks in the missing lines are deleted anyway. | |
592 | |
593 *=* | |
594 ={motion} Filter {motion} lines through the external program | |
595 given with the 'equalprg' option. When the 'equalprg' | |
596 option is empty (this is the default), use the | |
2833 | 597 internal formatting function |C-indenting| and |
598 |'lisp'|. But when 'indentexpr' is not empty, it will | |
599 be used instead |indent-expression|. When Vim was | |
600 compiled without internal formatting then the "indent" | |
601 program is used as a last resort. | |
7 | 602 |
603 *==* | |
604 == Filter [count] lines like with ={motion}. | |
605 | |
606 *v_=* | |
607 {Visual}= Filter the highlighted lines like with ={motion}. | |
608 {not in Vi} | |
609 | |
610 | |
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611 *tempfile* *setuid* |
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612 Vim uses temporary files for filtering, generating diffs and also for |
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613 tempname(). For Unix, the file will be in a private directory (only |
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614 accessible by the current user) to avoid security problems (e.g., a symlink |
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615 attack or other people reading your file). When Vim exits the directory and |
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616 all files in it are deleted. When Vim has the setuid bit set this may cause |
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617 problems, the temp file is owned by the setuid user but the filter command |
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618 probably runs as the original user. |
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619 On MS-DOS and OS/2 the first of these directories that works is used: $TMP, |
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620 $TEMP, c:\TMP, c:\TEMP. |
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621 For Unix the list of directories is: $TMPDIR, /tmp, current-dir, $HOME. |
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622 For MS-Windows the GetTempFileName() system function is used. |
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623 For other systems the tmpnam() library function is used. |
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624 |
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625 |
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626 |
32 | 627 4.2 Substitute *:substitute* |
628 *:s* *:su* | |
170 | 629 :[range]s[ubstitute]/{pattern}/{string}/[flags] [count] |
7 | 630 For each line in [range] replace a match of {pattern} |
631 with {string}. | |
632 For the {pattern} see |pattern|. | |
633 {string} can be a literal string, or something | |
634 special; see |sub-replace-special|. | |
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635 *E939* |
7 | 636 When [range] and [count] are omitted, replace in the |
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637 current line only. When [count] is given, replace in |
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638 [count] lines, starting with the last line in [range]. |
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639 When [range] is omitted start in the current line. |
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640 [count] must be a positive number. Also see |
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641 |cmdline-ranges|. |
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642 |
170 | 643 See |:s_flags| for [flags]. |
7 | 644 |
170 | 645 :[range]s[ubstitute] [flags] [count] |
646 :[range]&[&][flags] [count] *:&* | |
7 | 647 Repeat last :substitute with same search pattern and |
648 substitute string, but without the same flags. You | |
170 | 649 may add [flags], see |:s_flags|. |
3492 | 650 Note that after `:substitute` the '&' flag can't be |
7 | 651 used, it's recognized as a pattern separator. |
7013 | 652 The space between `:substitute` and the 'c', 'g', |
653 'i', 'I' and 'r' flags isn't required, but in scripts | |
654 it's a good idea to keep it to avoid confusion. | |
7 | 655 |
170 | 656 :[range]~[&][flags] [count] *:~* |
7 | 657 Repeat last substitute with same substitute string |
658 but with last used search pattern. This is like | |
3492 | 659 `:&r`. See |:s_flags| for [flags]. |
7 | 660 |
170 | 661 *&* |
3492 | 662 & Synonym for `:s` (repeat last substitute). Note |
7 | 663 that the flags are not remembered, thus it might |
3492 | 664 actually work differently. You can use `:&&` to keep |
7 | 665 the flags. |
666 | |
170 | 667 *g&* |
3920 | 668 g& Synonym for `:%s//~/&` (repeat last substitute with |
669 last search pattern on all lines with the same flags). | |
4186 | 670 For example, when you first do a substitution with |
3920 | 671 `:s/pattern/repl/flags` and then `/search` for |
672 something else, `g&` will do `:%s/search/repl/flags`. | |
7 | 673 Mnemonic: global substitute. {not in Vi} |
674 | |
675 *:snomagic* *:sno* | |
3492 | 676 :[range]sno[magic] ... Same as `:substitute`, but always use 'nomagic'. |
7 | 677 {not in Vi} |
678 | |
679 *:smagic* *:sm* | |
3492 | 680 :[range]sm[agic] ... Same as `:substitute`, but always use 'magic'. |
7 | 681 {not in Vi} |
682 | |
683 *:s_flags* | |
684 The flags that you can use for the substitute commands: | |
685 | |
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686 *:&&* |
7 | 687 [&] Must be the first one: Keep the flags from the previous substitute |
688 command. Examples: > | |
689 :&& | |
690 :s/this/that/& | |
3492 | 691 < Note that `:s` and `:&` don't keep the flags. |
7 | 692 {not in Vi} |
693 | |
694 [c] Confirm each substitution. Vim highlights the matching string (with | |
695 |hl-IncSearch|). You can type: *:s_c* | |
696 'y' to substitute this match | |
697 'l' to substitute this match and then quit ("last") | |
698 'n' to skip this match | |
699 <Esc> to quit substituting | |
700 'a' to substitute this and all remaining matches {not in Vi} | |
701 'q' to quit substituting {not in Vi} | |
702 CTRL-E to scroll the screen up {not in Vi, not available when | |
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703 compiled without the |+insert_expand| feature} |
7 | 704 CTRL-Y to scroll the screen down {not in Vi, not available when |
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705 compiled without the |+insert_expand| feature} |
7 | 706 If the 'edcompatible' option is on, Vim remembers the [c] flag and |
707 toggles it each time you use it, but resets it when you give a new | |
708 search pattern. | |
709 {not in Vi: highlighting of the match, other responses than 'y' or 'n'} | |
710 | |
711 [e] When the search pattern fails, do not issue an error message and, in | |
712 particular, continue in maps as if no error occurred. This is most | |
713 useful to prevent the "No match" error from breaking a mapping. Vim | |
714 does not suppress the following error messages, however: | |
715 Regular expressions can't be delimited by letters | |
716 \ should be followed by /, ? or & | |
717 No previous substitute regular expression | |
718 Trailing characters | |
719 Interrupted | |
720 {not in Vi} | |
721 | |
722 [g] Replace all occurrences in the line. Without this argument, | |
723 replacement occurs only for the first occurrence in each line. If | |
724 the 'edcompatible' option is on, Vim remembers this flag and toggles | |
725 it each time you use it, but resets it when you give a new search | |
726 pattern. If the 'gdefault' option is on, this flag is on by default | |
727 and the [g] argument switches it off. | |
728 | |
729 [i] Ignore case for the pattern. The 'ignorecase' and 'smartcase' options | |
730 are not used. | |
731 {not in Vi} | |
732 | |
733 [I] Don't ignore case for the pattern. The 'ignorecase' and 'smartcase' | |
734 options are not used. | |
735 {not in Vi} | |
736 | |
170 | 737 [n] Report the number of matches, do not actually substitute. The [c] |
738 flag is ignored. The matches are reported as if 'report' is zero. | |
739 Useful to |count-items|. | |
3750 | 740 If \= |sub-replace-expression| is used, the expression will be |
741 evaluated in the |sandbox| at every match. | |
170 | 742 |
7 | 743 [p] Print the line containing the last substitute. |
168 | 744 |
745 [#] Like [p] and prepend the line number. | |
746 | |
1121 | 747 [l] Like [p] but print the text like |:list|. |
7 | 748 |
3492 | 749 [r] Only useful in combination with `:&` or `:s` without arguments. `:&r` |
750 works the same way as `:~`: When the search pattern is empty, use the | |
7 | 751 previously used search pattern instead of the search pattern from the |
3492 | 752 last substitute or `:global`. If the last command that did a search |
753 was a substitute or `:global`, there is no effect. If the last | |
7 | 754 command was a search command such as "/", use the pattern from that |
755 command. | |
3492 | 756 For `:s` with an argument this already happens: > |
7 | 757 :s/blue/red/ |
758 /green | |
759 :s//red/ or :~ or :&r | |
760 < The last commands will replace "green" with "red". > | |
761 :s/blue/red/ | |
762 /green | |
763 :& | |
764 < The last command will replace "blue" with "red". | |
765 {not in Vi} | |
766 | |
767 Note that there is no flag to change the "magicness" of the pattern. A | |
1621 | 768 different command is used instead, or you can use |/\v| and friends. The |
769 reason is that the flags can only be found by skipping the pattern, and in | |
770 order to skip the pattern the "magicness" must be known. Catch 22! | |
7 | 771 |
772 If the {pattern} for the substitute command is empty, the command uses the | |
3492 | 773 pattern from the last substitute or `:global` command. If there is none, but |
2725 | 774 there is a previous search pattern, that one is used. With the [r] flag, the |
3492 | 775 command uses the pattern from the last substitute, `:global`, or search |
7 | 776 command. |
777 | |
1121 | 778 If the {string} is omitted the substitute is done as if it's empty. Thus the |
779 matched pattern is deleted. The separator after {pattern} can also be left | |
780 out then. Example: > | |
781 :%s/TESTING | |
782 This deletes "TESTING" from all lines, but only one per line. | |
783 | |
7 | 784 For compatibility with Vi these two exceptions are allowed: |
785 "\/{string}/" and "\?{string}?" do the same as "//{string}/r". | |
786 "\&{string}&" does the same as "//{string}/". | |
787 *E146* | |
788 Instead of the '/' which surrounds the pattern and replacement string, you | |
1121 | 789 can use any other single-byte character, but not an alphanumeric character, |
790 '\', '"' or '|'. This is useful if you want to include a '/' in the search | |
791 pattern or replacement string. Example: > | |
7 | 792 :s+/+//+ |
793 | |
1621 | 794 For the definition of a pattern, see |pattern|. In Visual block mode, use |
795 |/\%V| in the pattern to have the substitute work in the block only. | |
796 Otherwise it works on whole lines anyway. | |
7 | 797 |
798 *sub-replace-special* *:s\=* | |
799 When the {string} starts with "\=" it is evaluated as an expression, see | |
2908 | 800 |sub-replace-expression|. You can use that for complex replacement or special |
801 characters. | |
802 | |
452 | 803 Otherwise these characters in {string} have a special meaning: |
168 | 804 *:s%* |
843 | 805 When {string} is equal to "%" and '/' is included with the 'cpoptions' option, |
2908 | 806 then the {string} of the previous substitute command is used, see |cpo-/| |
7 | 807 |
808 magic nomagic action ~ | |
809 & \& replaced with the whole matched pattern *s/\&* | |
810 \& & replaced with & | |
811 \0 replaced with the whole matched pattern *\0* *s/\0* | |
812 \1 replaced with the matched pattern in the first | |
813 pair of () *s/\1* | |
26 | 814 \2 replaced with the matched pattern in the second |
7 | 815 pair of () *s/\2* |
816 .. .. *s/\3* | |
817 \9 replaced with the matched pattern in the ninth | |
818 pair of () *s/\9* | |
819 ~ \~ replaced with the {string} of the previous | |
820 substitute *s~* | |
821 \~ ~ replaced with ~ *s/\~* | |
822 \u next character made uppercase *s/\u* | |
823 \U following characters made uppercase, until \E *s/\U* | |
824 \l next character made lowercase *s/\l* | |
825 \L following characters made lowercase, until \E *s/\L* | |
826 \e end of \u, \U, \l and \L (NOTE: not <Esc>!) *s/\e* | |
827 \E end of \u, \U, \l and \L *s/\E* | |
828 <CR> split line in two at this point | |
829 (Type the <CR> as CTRL-V <Enter>) *s<CR>* | |
830 \r idem *s/\r* | |
831 \<CR> insert a carriage-return (CTRL-M) | |
832 (Type the <CR> as CTRL-V <Enter>) *s/\<CR>* | |
833 \n insert a <NL> (<NUL> in the file) | |
834 (does NOT break the line) *s/\n* | |
835 \b insert a <BS> *s/\b* | |
836 \t insert a <Tab> *s/\t* | |
837 \\ insert a single backslash *s/\\* | |
838 \x where x is any character not mentioned above: | |
839 Reserved for future expansion | |
840 | |
2908 | 841 The special meaning is also used inside the third argument {sub} of |
842 the |substitute()| function with the following exceptions: | |
843 - A % inserts a percent literally without regard to 'cpoptions'. | |
844 - magic is always set without regard to 'magic'. | |
845 - A ~ inserts a tilde literally. | |
846 - <CR> and \r inserts a carriage-return (CTRL-M). | |
847 - \<CR> does not have a special meaning. it's just one of \x. | |
848 | |
7 | 849 Examples: > |
850 :s/a\|b/xxx\0xxx/g modifies "a b" to "xxxaxxx xxxbxxx" | |
851 :s/\([abc]\)\([efg]\)/\2\1/g modifies "af fa bg" to "fa fa gb" | |
852 :s/abcde/abc^Mde/ modifies "abcde" to "abc", "de" (two lines) | |
853 :s/$/\^M/ modifies "abcde" to "abcde^M" | |
772 | 854 :s/\w\+/\u\0/g modifies "bla bla" to "Bla Bla" |
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855 :s/\w\+/\L\u\0/g modifies "BLA bla" to "Bla Bla" |
4264 | 856 |
857 Note: "\L\u" can be used to capitalize the first letter of a word. This is | |
858 not compatible with Vi and older versions of Vim, where the "\u" would cancel | |
859 out the "\L". Same for "\U\l". | |
7 | 860 |
861 Note: In previous versions CTRL-V was handled in a special way. Since this is | |
862 not Vi compatible, this was removed. Use a backslash instead. | |
863 | |
864 command text result ~ | |
865 :s/aa/a^Ma/ aa a<line-break>a | |
866 :s/aa/a\^Ma/ aa a^Ma | |
867 :s/aa/a\\^Ma/ aa a\<line-break>a | |
868 | |
869 (you need to type CTRL-V <CR> to get a ^M here) | |
870 | |
871 The numbering of "\1", "\2" etc. is done based on which "\(" comes first in | |
872 the pattern (going left to right). When a parentheses group matches several | |
873 times, the last one will be used for "\1", "\2", etc. Example: > | |
874 :s/\(\(a[a-d] \)*\)/\2/ modifies "aa ab x" to "ab x" | |
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875 The "\2" is for "\(a[a-d] \)". At first it matches "aa ", secondly "ab ". |
7 | 876 |
877 When using parentheses in combination with '|', like in \([ab]\)\|\([cd]\), | |
878 either the first or second pattern in parentheses did not match, so either | |
879 \1 or \2 is empty. Example: > | |
880 :s/\([ab]\)\|\([cd]\)/\1x/g modifies "a b c d" to "ax bx x x" | |
881 < | |
882 | |
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883 *:sc* *:sce* *:scg* *:sci* *:scI* *:scl* *:scp* *:sg* *:sgc* |
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884 *:sge* *:sgi* *:sgI* *:sgl* *:sgn* *:sgp* *:sgr* *:sI* *:si* |
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885 *:sic* *:sIc* *:sie* *:sIe* *:sIg* *:sIl* *:sin* *:sIn* *:sIp* |
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886 *:sip* *:sIr* *:sir* *:sr* *:src* *:srg* *:sri* *:srI* *:srl* |
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887 *:srn* *:srp* |
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888 2-letter and 3-letter :substitute commands ~ |
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889 |
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890 List of :substitute commands |
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891 | c e g i I n p l r |
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892 | c :sc :sce :scg :sci :scI :scn :scp :scl --- |
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893 | e |
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894 | g :sgc :sge :sg :sgi :sgI :sgn :sgp :sgl :sgr |
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895 | i :sic :sie --- :si :siI :sin :sip --- :sir |
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896 | I :sIc :sIe :sIg :sIi :sI :sIn :sIp :sIl :sIr |
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897 | n |
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898 | p |
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899 | l |
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900 | r :src --- :srg :sri :srI :srn :srp :srl :sr |
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901 |
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902 Exceptions: |
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903 :scr is `:scriptnames` |
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904 :se is `:set` |
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905 :sig is `:sign` |
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906 :sil is `:silent` |
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907 :sn is `:snext` |
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908 :sp is `:split` |
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909 :sl is `:sleep` |
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910 :sre is `:srewind` |
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911 |
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912 |
7 | 913 Substitute with an expression *sub-replace-expression* |
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914 *sub-replace-\=* *s/\=* |
270 | 915 When the substitute string starts with "\=" the remainder is interpreted as an |
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916 expression. |
7 | 917 |
918 The special meaning for characters as mentioned at |sub-replace-special| does | |
2908 | 919 not apply except for "<CR>". A <NL> character is used as a line break, you |
920 can get one with a double-quote string: "\n". Prepend a backslash to get a | |
921 real <NL> character (which will be a NUL in the file). | |
7 | 922 |
2908 | 923 The "\=" notation can also be used inside the third argument {sub} of |
924 |substitute()| function. In this case, the special meaning for characters as | |
925 mentioned at |sub-replace-special| does not apply at all. Especially, <CR> and | |
926 <NL> are interpreted not as a line break but as a carriage-return and a | |
927 new-line respectively. | |
7 | 928 |
714 | 929 When the result is a |List| then the items are joined with separating line |
930 breaks. Thus each item becomes a line, except that they can contain line | |
931 breaks themselves. | |
932 | |
7 | 933 The whole matched text can be accessed with "submatch(0)". The text matched |
934 with the first pair of () with "submatch(1)". Likewise for further | |
935 sub-matches in (). | |
936 | |
937 Be careful: The separation character must not appear in the expression! | |
938 Consider using a character like "@" or ":". There is no problem if the result | |
939 of the expression contains the separation character. | |
940 | |
452 | 941 Examples: > |
7 | 942 :s@\n@\="\r" . expand("$HOME") . "\r"@ |
452 | 943 This replaces an end-of-line with a new line containing the value of $HOME. > |
944 | |
945 s/E/\="\<Char-0x20ac>"/g | |
1668 | 946 This replaces each 'E' character with a euro sign. Read more in |<Char->|. |
7 | 947 |
948 | |
32 | 949 4.3 Search and replace *search-replace* |
950 | |
951 *:pro* *:promptfind* | |
7 | 952 :promptf[ind] [string] |
953 Put up a Search dialog. When [string] is given, it is | |
954 used as the initial search string. | |
955 {only for Win32, Motif and GTK GUI} | |
956 | |
957 *:promptr* *:promptrepl* | |
958 :promptr[epl] [string] | |
959 Put up a Search/Replace dialog. When [string] is | |
960 given, it is used as the initial search string. | |
961 {only for Win32, Motif and GTK GUI} | |
962 | |
32 | 963 |
964 4.4 Changing tabs *change-tabs* | |
3492 | 965 *:ret* *:retab* *:retab!* |
7 | 966 :[range]ret[ab][!] [new_tabstop] |
967 Replace all sequences of white-space containing a | |
968 <Tab> with new strings of white-space using the new | |
969 tabstop value given. If you do not specify a new | |
970 tabstop size or it is zero, Vim uses the current value | |
971 of 'tabstop'. | |
972 The current value of 'tabstop' is always used to | |
973 compute the width of existing tabs. | |
974 With !, Vim also replaces strings of only normal | |
975 spaces with tabs where appropriate. | |
976 With 'expandtab' on, Vim replaces all tabs with the | |
977 appropriate number of spaces. | |
978 This command sets 'tabstop' to the new value given, | |
979 and if performed on the whole file, which is default, | |
980 should not make any visible change. | |
981 Careful: This command modifies any <Tab> characters | |
982 inside of strings in a C program. Use "\t" to avoid | |
983 this (that's a good habit anyway). | |
3492 | 984 `:retab!` may also change a sequence of spaces by |
7 | 985 <Tab> characters, which can mess up a printf(). |
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986 If the |+vartabs| feature is enabled then a list of |
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987 tab widths separated by commas may be used in place of |
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988 a single tabstop. Each value in the list represents |
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989 the width of one tabstop, except the final value which |
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990 applies to all following tabstops. |
7 | 991 {not in Vi} |
992 | |
993 *retab-example* | |
994 Example for using autocommands and ":retab" to edit a file which is stored | |
995 with tabstops at 8 but edited with tabstops set at 4. Warning: white space | |
996 inside of strings can change! Also see 'softtabstop' option. > | |
997 | |
998 :auto BufReadPost *.xx retab! 4 | |
999 :auto BufWritePre *.xx retab! 8 | |
1000 :auto BufWritePost *.xx retab! 4 | |
1001 :auto BufNewFile *.xx set ts=4 | |
1002 | |
1003 ============================================================================== | |
1004 5. Copying and moving text *copy-move* | |
1005 | |
1006 *quote* | |
1007 "{a-zA-Z0-9.%#:-"} Use register {a-zA-Z0-9.%#:-"} for next delete, yank | |
1008 or put (use uppercase character to append with | |
1009 delete and yank) ({.%#:} only work with put). | |
1010 | |
1011 *:reg* *:registers* | |
1012 :reg[isters] Display the contents of all numbered and named | |
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1013 registers. If a register is written to for |:redir| |
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1014 it will not be listed. |
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1015 {not in Vi} |
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1016 |
7 | 1017 |
1018 :reg[isters] {arg} Display the contents of the numbered and named | |
1019 registers that are mentioned in {arg}. For example: > | |
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1020 :reg 1a |
7 | 1021 < to display registers '1' and 'a'. Spaces are allowed |
1022 in {arg}. {not in Vi} | |
1023 | |
1024 *:di* *:display* | |
1025 :di[splay] [arg] Same as :registers. {not in Vi} | |
1026 | |
1027 *y* *yank* | |
1028 ["x]y{motion} Yank {motion} text [into register x]. When no | |
1029 characters are to be yanked (e.g., "y0" in column 1), | |
1030 this is an error when 'cpoptions' includes the 'E' | |
1031 flag. | |
1032 | |
1033 *yy* | |
1034 ["x]yy Yank [count] lines [into register x] |linewise|. | |
1035 | |
1036 *Y* | |
1037 ["x]Y yank [count] lines [into register x] (synonym for | |
1038 yy, |linewise|). If you like "Y" to work from the | |
1039 cursor to the end of line (which is more logical, | |
1040 but not Vi-compatible) use ":map Y y$". | |
1041 | |
1042 *v_y* | |
1043 {Visual}["x]y Yank the highlighted text [into register x] (for | |
1044 {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
1045 | |
1046 *v_Y* | |
1047 {Visual}["x]Y Yank the highlighted lines [into register x] (for | |
1048 {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
1049 | |
2791 | 1050 *:y* *:yank* *E850* |
1051 :[range]y[ank] [x] Yank [range] lines [into register x]. Yanking to the | |
2826 | 1052 "* or "+ registers is possible only when the |
1053 |+clipboard| feature is included. | |
7 | 1054 |
1055 :[range]y[ank] [x] {count} | |
1056 Yank {count} lines, starting with last line number | |
1057 in [range] (default: current line |cmdline-ranges|), | |
1058 [into register x]. | |
1059 | |
1060 *p* *put* *E353* | |
1061 ["x]p Put the text [from register x] after the cursor | |
1062 [count] times. {Vi: no count} | |
1063 | |
1064 *P* | |
1065 ["x]P Put the text [from register x] before the cursor | |
1066 [count] times. {Vi: no count} | |
1067 | |
1068 *<MiddleMouse>* | |
1069 ["x]<MiddleMouse> Put the text from a register before the cursor [count] | |
1070 times. Uses the "* register, unless another is | |
856 | 1071 specified. |
36 | 1072 Leaves the cursor at the end of the new text. |
1073 Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n' | |
1074 or 'a'. | |
7 | 1075 {not in Vi} |
1076 If you have a scrollwheel and often accidentally paste | |
1077 text, you can use these mappings to disable the | |
1078 pasting with the middle mouse button: > | |
1079 :map <MiddleMouse> <Nop> | |
1080 :imap <MiddleMouse> <Nop> | |
1081 < You might want to disable the multi-click versions | |
1082 too, see |double-click|. | |
1083 | |
1084 *gp* | |
1085 ["x]gp Just like "p", but leave the cursor just after the new | |
1086 text. {not in Vi} | |
1087 | |
1088 *gP* | |
1089 ["x]gP Just like "P", but leave the cursor just after the new | |
1090 text. {not in Vi} | |
1091 | |
1092 *:pu* *:put* | |
1093 :[line]pu[t] [x] Put the text [from register x] after [line] (default | |
1094 current line). This always works |linewise|, thus | |
1095 this command can be used to put a yanked block as new | |
1096 lines. | |
3492 | 1097 If no register is specified, it depends on the 'cb' |
1098 option: If 'cb' contains "unnamedplus", paste from the | |
1099 + register |quoteplus|. Otherwise, if 'cb' contains | |
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1100 "unnamed", paste from the * register |quotestar|. |
3492 | 1101 Otherwise, paste from the unnamed register |
1102 |quote_quote|. | |
7 | 1103 The register can also be '=' followed by an optional |
1104 expression. The expression continues until the end of | |
1105 the command. You need to escape the '|' and '"' | |
1106 characters to prevent them from terminating the | |
1107 command. Example: > | |
1108 :put ='path' . \",/test\" | |
1109 < If there is no expression after '=', Vim uses the | |
1110 previous expression. You can see it with ":dis =". | |
1111 | |
1112 :[line]pu[t]! [x] Put the text [from register x] before [line] (default | |
1113 current line). | |
1114 | |
1115 ["x]]p or *]p* *]<MiddleMouse>* | |
1116 ["x]]<MiddleMouse> Like "p", but adjust the indent to the current line. | |
1117 Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n' | |
1118 or 'a'. {not in Vi} | |
1119 | |
1120 ["x][P or *[P* | |
1121 ["x]]P or *]P* | |
1122 ["x][p or *[p* *[<MiddleMouse>* | |
1123 ["x][<MiddleMouse> Like "P", but adjust the indent to the current line. | |
1124 Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n' | |
1125 or 'a'. {not in Vi} | |
1126 | |
1127 You can use these commands to copy text from one place to another. Do this | |
1128 by first getting the text into a register with a yank, delete or change | |
1129 command, then inserting the register contents with a put command. You can | |
1130 also use these commands to move text from one file to another, because Vim | |
1131 preserves all registers when changing buffers (the CTRL-^ command is a quick | |
1132 way to toggle between two files). | |
1133 | |
1134 *linewise-register* *characterwise-register* | |
1135 You can repeat the put commands with "." (except for :put) and undo them. If | |
1136 the command that was used to get the text into the register was |linewise|, | |
1137 Vim inserts the text below ("p") or above ("P") the line where the cursor is. | |
1138 Otherwise Vim inserts the text after ("p") or before ("P") the cursor. With | |
1139 the ":put" command, Vim always inserts the text in the next line. You can | |
1140 exchange two characters with the command sequence "xp". You can exchange two | |
1141 lines with the command sequence "ddp". You can exchange two words with the | |
1142 command sequence "deep" (start with the cursor in the blank space before the | |
1143 first word). You can use the "']" or "`]" command after the put command to | |
1144 move the cursor to the end of the inserted text, or use "'[" or "`[" to move | |
1145 the cursor to the start. | |
1146 | |
1147 *put-Visual-mode* *v_p* *v_P* | |
1148 When using a put command like |p| or |P| in Visual mode, Vim will try to | |
1149 replace the selected text with the contents of the register. Whether this | |
1150 works well depends on the type of selection and the type of the text in the | |
1151 register. With blockwise selection it also depends on the size of the block | |
236 | 1152 and whether the corners are on an existing character. (Implementation detail: |
7 | 1153 it actually works by first putting the register after the selection and then |
236 | 1154 deleting the selection.) |
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1155 The previously selected text is put in the unnamed register. If you want to |
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1156 put the same text into a Visual selection several times you need to use |
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1157 another register. E.g., yank the text to copy, Visually select the text to |
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1158 replace and use "0p . You can repeat this as many times as you like, the |
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1159 unnamed register will be changed each time. |
7 | 1160 |
5365 | 1161 When you use a blockwise Visual mode command and yank only a single line into |
1162 a register, a paste on a visual selected area will paste that single line on | |
1163 each of the selected lines (thus replacing the blockwise selected region by a | |
1164 block of the pasted line). | |
1165 | |
7 | 1166 *blockwise-register* |
1167 If you use a blockwise Visual mode command to get the text into the register, | |
1168 the block of text will be inserted before ("P") or after ("p") the cursor | |
1169 column in the current and next lines. Vim makes the whole block of text start | |
1170 in the same column. Thus the inserted text looks the same as when it was | |
1171 yanked or deleted. Vim may replace some <Tab> characters with spaces to make | |
1172 this happen. However, if the width of the block is not a multiple of a <Tab> | |
1173 width and the text after the inserted block contains <Tab>s, that text may be | |
1174 misaligned. | |
1175 | |
1176 Note that after a characterwise yank command, Vim leaves the cursor on the | |
1177 first yanked character that is closest to the start of the buffer. This means | |
1178 that "yl" doesn't move the cursor, but "yh" moves the cursor one character | |
1179 left. | |
1180 Rationale: In Vi the "y" command followed by a backwards motion would | |
1181 sometimes not move the cursor to the first yanked character, | |
1182 because redisplaying was skipped. In Vim it always moves to | |
1183 the first character, as specified by Posix. | |
1184 With a linewise yank command the cursor is put in the first line, but the | |
1185 column is unmodified, thus it may not be on the first yanked character. | |
1186 | |
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1187 There are ten types of registers: *registers* *E354* |
7 | 1188 1. The unnamed register "" |
1189 2. 10 numbered registers "0 to "9 | |
1190 3. The small delete register "- | |
1191 4. 26 named registers "a to "z or "A to "Z | |
6557 | 1192 5. three read-only registers ":, "., "% |
6583 | 1193 6. alternate buffer register "# |
6557 | 1194 7. the expression register "= |
1195 8. The selection and drop registers "*, "+ and "~ | |
1196 9. The black hole register "_ | |
1197 10. Last search pattern register "/ | |
7 | 1198 |
1199 1. Unnamed register "" *quote_quote* *quotequote* | |
1200 Vim fills this register with text deleted with the "d", "c", "s", "x" commands | |
1201 or copied with the yank "y" command, regardless of whether or not a specific | |
8 | 1202 register was used (e.g. "xdd). This is like the unnamed register is pointing |
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1203 to the last used register. Thus when appending using an uppercase register |
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1204 name, the unnamed register contains the same text as the named register. |
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1205 An exception is the '_' register: "_dd does not store the deleted text in any |
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1206 register. |
42 | 1207 Vim uses the contents of the unnamed register for any put command (p or P) |
1208 which does not specify a register. Additionally you can access it with the | |
1209 name '"'. This means you have to type two double quotes. Writing to the "" | |
1210 register writes to register "0. | |
7 | 1211 {Vi: register contents are lost when changing files, no '"'} |
1212 | |
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1213 2. Numbered registers "0 to "9 *quote_number* *quote0* *quote1* |
7 | 1214 *quote2* *quote3* *quote4* *quote9* |
1215 Vim fills these registers with text from yank and delete commands. | |
1216 Numbered register 0 contains the text from the most recent yank command, | |
1217 unless the command specified another register with ["x]. | |
1218 Numbered register 1 contains the text deleted by the most recent delete or | |
1219 change command, unless the command specified another register or the text is | |
1220 less than one line (the small delete register is used then). An exception is | |
42 | 1221 made for the delete operator with these movement commands: |%|, |(|, |)|, |`|, |
1222 |/|, |?|, |n|, |N|, |{| and |}|. Register "1 is always used then (this is Vi | |
1223 compatible). The "- register is used as well if the delete is within a line. | |
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1224 Note that these characters may be mapped. E.g. |%| is mapped by the matchit |
5340 | 1225 plugin. |
7 | 1226 With each successive deletion or change, Vim shifts the previous contents |
1227 of register 1 into register 2, 2 into 3, and so forth, losing the previous | |
1228 contents of register 9. | |
1229 {Vi: numbered register contents are lost when changing files; register 0 does | |
1230 not exist} | |
1231 | |
1232 3. Small delete register "- *quote_-* *quote-* | |
1233 This register contains text from commands that delete less than one line, | |
1234 except when the command specifies a register with ["x]. | |
1235 {not in Vi} | |
1236 | |
1237 4. Named registers "a to "z or "A to "Z *quote_alpha* *quotea* | |
1238 Vim fills these registers only when you say so. Specify them as lowercase | |
1239 letters to replace their previous contents or as uppercase letters to append | |
164 | 1240 to their previous contents. When the '>' flag is present in 'cpoptions' then |
1241 a line break is inserted before the appended text. | |
7 | 1242 |
6557 | 1243 5. Read-only registers ":, ". and "% |
7 | 1244 These are '%', '#', ':' and '.'. You can use them only with the "p", "P", |
1245 and ":put" commands and with CTRL-R. {not in Vi} | |
1246 *quote_.* *quote.* *E29* | |
1247 ". Contains the last inserted text (the same as what is inserted | |
1248 with the insert mode commands CTRL-A and CTRL-@). Note: this | |
1249 doesn't work with CTRL-R on the command-line. It works a bit | |
1250 differently, like inserting the text instead of putting it | |
1251 ('textwidth' and other options affect what is inserted). | |
1252 *quote_%* *quote%* | |
1253 "% Contains the name of the current file. | |
1254 *quote_:* *quote:* *E30* | |
1255 ": Contains the most recent executed command-line. Example: Use | |
1256 "@:" to repeat the previous command-line command. | |
1257 The command-line is only stored in this register when at least | |
1258 one character of it was typed. Thus it remains unchanged if | |
1259 the command was completely from a mapping. | |
1260 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist| | |
1261 feature} | |
6557 | 1262 *quote_#* *quote#* |
1263 6. Alternate file register "# | |
1264 Contains the name of the alternate file for the current window. It will | |
1265 change how the |CTRL-^| command works. | |
1266 This register is writable, mainly to allow for restoring it after a plugin has | |
1267 changed it. It accepts buffer number: > | |
1268 let altbuf = bufnr(@#) | |
1269 ... | |
1270 let @# = altbuf | |
1271 It will give error |E86| if you pass buffer number and this buffer does not | |
1272 exist. | |
1273 It can also accept a match with an existing buffer name: > | |
1274 let @# = 'buffer_name' | |
1275 Error |E93| if there is more than one buffer matching the given name or |E94| | |
1276 if none of buffers matches the given name. | |
7 | 1277 |
6557 | 1278 7. Expression register "= *quote_=* *quote=* *@=* |
7 | 1279 This is not really a register that stores text, but is a way to use an |
1280 expression in commands which use a register. The expression register is | |
6647 | 1281 read-write. |
1282 | |
1283 When typing the '=' after " or CTRL-R the cursor moves to the command-line, | |
1284 where you can enter any expression (see |expression|). All normal | |
1285 command-line editing commands are available, including a special history for | |
1286 expressions. When you end the command-line by typing <CR>, Vim computes the | |
1287 result of the expression. If you end it with <Esc>, Vim abandons the | |
1288 expression. If you do not enter an expression, Vim uses the previous | |
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1289 expression (like with the "/" command). |
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1290 |
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1291 The expression must evaluate to a String. A Number is always automatically |
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1292 converted to a String. For the "p" and ":put" command, if the result is a |
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1293 Float it's converted into a String. If the result is a List each element is |
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1294 turned into a String and used as a line. A Dictionary or FuncRef results in |
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1295 an error message (use string() to convert). |
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1296 |
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1297 If the "= register is used for the "p" command, the String is split up at <NL> |
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1298 characters. If the String ends in a <NL>, it is regarded as a linewise |
332 | 1299 register. {not in Vi} |
7 | 1300 |
6557 | 1301 8. Selection and drop registers "*, "+ and "~ |
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1302 Use these registers for storing and retrieving the selected text for the GUI. |
7 | 1303 See |quotestar| and |quoteplus|. When the clipboard is not available or not |
571 | 1304 working, the unnamed register is used instead. For Unix systems the clipboard |
1305 is only available when the |+xterm_clipboard| feature is present. {not in Vi} | |
7 | 1306 |
1307 Note that there is only a distinction between "* and "+ for X11 systems. For | |
1308 an explanation of the difference, see |x11-selection|. Under MS-Windows, use | |
1309 of "* and "+ is actually synonymous and refers to the |gui-clipboard|. | |
1310 | |
1311 *quote_~* *quote~* *<Drop>* | |
1312 The read-only "~ register stores the dropped text from the last drag'n'drop | |
1313 operation. When something has been dropped onto Vim, the "~ register is | |
1314 filled in and the <Drop> pseudo key is sent for notification. You can remap | |
1315 this key if you want; the default action (for all modes) is to insert the | |
1316 contents of the "~ register at the cursor position. {not in Vi} | |
9 | 1317 {only available when compiled with the |+dnd| feature, currently only with the |
7 | 1318 GTK GUI} |
1319 | |
1320 Note: The "~ register is only used when dropping plain text onto Vim. | |
1321 Drag'n'drop of URI lists is handled internally. | |
1322 | |
6557 | 1323 9. Black hole register "_ *quote_* |
7 | 1324 When writing to this register, nothing happens. This can be used to delete |
1325 text without affecting the normal registers. When reading from this register, | |
1326 nothing is returned. {not in Vi} | |
1327 | |
6557 | 1328 10. Last search pattern register "/ *quote_/* *quote/* |
7 | 1329 Contains the most recent search-pattern. This is used for "n" and 'hlsearch'. |
3492 | 1330 It is writable with `:let`, you can change it to have 'hlsearch' highlight |
7 | 1331 other matches without actually searching. You can't yank or delete into this |
1621 | 1332 register. The search direction is available in |v:searchforward|. |
6647 | 1333 Note that the value is restored when returning from a function |
1621 | 1334 |function-search-undo|. |
1335 {not in Vi} | |
7 | 1336 |
1337 *@/* | |
3492 | 1338 You can write to a register with a `:let` command |:let-@|. Example: > |
7 | 1339 :let @/ = "the" |
1340 | |
1341 If you use a put command without specifying a register, Vim uses the register | |
1342 that was last filled (this is also the contents of the unnamed register). If | |
3492 | 1343 you are confused, use the `:dis` command to find out what Vim will put (this |
7 | 1344 command displays all named and numbered registers; the unnamed register is |
1345 labelled '"'). | |
1346 | |
1347 The next three commands always work on whole lines. | |
1348 | |
1349 :[range]co[py] {address} *:co* *:copy* | |
1350 Copy the lines given by [range] to below the line | |
1351 given by {address}. | |
1352 | |
1353 *:t* | |
1354 :t Synonym for copy. | |
1355 | |
1356 :[range]m[ove] {address} *:m* *:mo* *:move* *E134* | |
1357 Move the lines given by [range] to below the line | |
1358 given by {address}. | |
1359 | |
1360 ============================================================================== | |
1361 6. Formatting text *formatting* | |
1362 | |
1363 :[range]ce[nter] [width] *:ce* *:center* | |
1364 Center lines in [range] between [width] columns | |
1365 (default 'textwidth' or 80 when 'textwidth' is 0). | |
1366 {not in Vi} | |
1367 | |
1368 :[range]ri[ght] [width] *:ri* *:right* | |
1369 Right-align lines in [range] at [width] columns | |
1370 (default 'textwidth' or 80 when 'textwidth' is 0). | |
1371 {not in Vi} | |
1372 | |
1373 *:le* *:left* | |
1374 :[range]le[ft] [indent] | |
1375 Left-align lines in [range]. Sets the indent in the | |
1376 lines to [indent] (default 0). {not in Vi} | |
1377 | |
1378 *gq* | |
216 | 1379 gq{motion} Format the lines that {motion} moves over. |
667 | 1380 Formatting is done with one of three methods: |
1381 1. If 'formatexpr' is not empty the expression is | |
1382 evaluated. This can differ for each buffer. | |
670 | 1383 2. If 'formatprg' is not empty an external program |
667 | 1384 is used. |
843 | 1385 3. Otherwise formatting is done internally. |
667 | 1386 |
1387 In the third case the 'textwidth' option controls the | |
1388 length of each formatted line (see below). | |
216 | 1389 If the 'textwidth' option is 0, the formatted line |
1390 length is the screen width (with a maximum width of | |
667 | 1391 79). |
7 | 1392 The 'formatoptions' option controls the type of |
1393 formatting |fo-table|. | |
216 | 1394 The cursor is left on the first non-blank of the last |
1395 formatted line. | |
7 | 1396 NOTE: The "Q" command formerly performed this |
1397 function. If you still want to use "Q" for | |
1398 formatting, use this mapping: > | |
1399 :nnoremap Q gq | |
1400 | |
1401 gqgq *gqgq* *gqq* | |
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1402 gqq Format the current line. With a count format that |
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1403 many lines. {not in Vi} |
7 | 1404 |
1405 *v_gq* | |
1406 {Visual}gq Format the highlighted text. (for {Visual} see | |
1407 |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
1408 | |
1409 *gw* | |
1410 gw{motion} Format the lines that {motion} moves over. Similar to | |
1411 |gq| but puts the cursor back at the same position in | |
667 | 1412 the text. However, 'formatprg' and 'formatexpr' are |
1413 not used. {not in Vi} | |
7 | 1414 |
9 | 1415 gwgw *gwgw* *gww* |
1416 gww Format the current line as with "gw". {not in Vi} | |
1417 | |
1418 *v_gw* | |
1419 {Visual}gw Format the highlighted text as with "gw". (for | |
1420 {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
1421 | |
7 | 1422 Example: To format the current paragraph use: *gqap* > |
1423 gqap | |
1424 | |
1425 The "gq" command leaves the cursor in the line where the motion command takes | |
1426 the cursor. This allows you to repeat formatting repeated with ".". This | |
1427 works well with "gqj" (format current and next line) and "gq}" (format until | |
1428 end of paragraph). Note: When 'formatprg' is set, "gq" leaves the cursor on | |
1429 the first formatted line (as with using a filter command). | |
1430 | |
1431 If you want to format the current paragraph and continue where you were, use: > | |
1432 gwap | |
1433 If you always want to keep paragraphs formatted you may want to add the 'a' | |
1434 flag to 'formatoptions'. See |auto-format|. | |
1435 | |
1436 If the 'autoindent' option is on, Vim uses the indent of the first line for | |
1437 the following lines. | |
1438 | |
1439 Formatting does not change empty lines (but it does change lines with only | |
1440 white space!). | |
1441 | |
1442 The 'joinspaces' option is used when lines are joined together. | |
1443 | |
667 | 1444 You can set the 'formatexpr' option to an expression or the 'formatprg' option |
1445 to the name of an external program for Vim to use for text formatting. The | |
1446 'textwidth' and other options have no effect on formatting by an external | |
1447 program. | |
7 | 1448 |
13912 | 1449 *format-formatexpr* |
14519 | 1450 The 'formatexpr' option can be set to a Vim script function that performs |
13912 | 1451 reformatting of the buffer. This should usually happen in an |ftplugin|, |
1452 since formatting is highly dependent on the type of file. It makes | |
1453 sense to use an |autoload| script, so the corresponding script is only loaded | |
1454 when actually needed and the script should be called <filetype>format.vim. | |
1455 | |
1456 For example, the XML filetype plugin distributed with Vim in the $VIMRUNTIME | |
1457 directory, sets the 'formatexpr' option to: > | |
1458 | |
1459 setlocal formatexpr=xmlformat#Format() | |
1460 | |
1461 That means, you will find the corresponding script, defining the | |
1462 xmlformat#Format() function, in the directory: | |
1463 `$VIMRUNTIME/autoload/xmlformat.vim` | |
1464 | |
1465 Here is an example script that removes trailing whitespace from the selected | |
1466 text. Put it in your autoload directory, e.g. ~/.vim/autoload/format.vim: > | |
1467 | |
1468 func! format#Format() | |
1469 " only reformat on explicit gq command | |
1470 if mode() != 'n' | |
1471 " fall back to Vims internal reformatting | |
1472 return 1 | |
1473 endif | |
1474 let lines = getline(v:lnum, v:lnum + v:count - 1) | |
1475 call map(lines, {key, val -> substitute(val, '\s\+$', '', 'g')}) | |
1476 call setline('.', lines) | |
1477 | |
1478 " do not run internal formatter! | |
1479 return 0 | |
1480 endfunc | |
1481 | |
1482 You can then enable the formatting by executing: > | |
1483 setlocal formatexpr=format#Format() | |
14519 | 1484 |
13912 | 1485 Note: this function explicitly returns non-zero when called from insert mode |
1486 (which basically means, text is inserted beyond the 'textwidth' limit). This | |
1487 causes Vim to fall back to reformat the text by using the internal formatter. | |
1488 | |
1489 However, if the |gq| command is used to reformat the text, the function | |
1490 will receive the selected lines, trim trailing whitespace from those lines and | |
1491 put them back in place. If you are going to split single lines into multiple | |
1492 lines, be careful not to overwrite anything. | |
1493 | |
1494 If you want to allow reformatting of text from insert or replace mode, one has | |
1495 to be very careful, because the function might be called recursively. For | |
1496 debugging it helps to set the 'debug' option. | |
1497 | |
7 | 1498 *right-justify* |
1499 There is no command in Vim to right justify text. You can do it with | |
1500 an external command, like "par" (e.g.: "!}par" to format until the end of the | |
1501 paragraph) or set 'formatprg' to "par". | |
1502 | |
1503 *format-comments* | |
1621 | 1504 An overview of comment formatting is in section |30.6| of the user manual. |
1505 | |
1506 Vim can automatically insert and format comments in a special way. Vim | |
1507 recognizes a comment by a specific string at the start of the line (ignoring | |
1508 white space). Three types of comments can be used: | |
7 | 1509 |
1510 - A comment string that repeats at the start of each line. An example is the | |
1511 type of comment used in shell scripts, starting with "#". | |
1512 - A comment string that occurs only in the first line, not in the following | |
1513 lines. An example is this list with dashes. | |
1514 - Three-piece comments that have a start string, an end string, and optional | |
1515 lines in between. The strings for the start, middle and end are different. | |
1621 | 1516 An example is the C style comment: |
7 | 1517 /* |
1518 * this is a C comment | |
1519 */ | |
1520 | |
1521 The 'comments' option is a comma-separated list of parts. Each part defines a | |
1522 type of comment string. A part consists of: | |
1523 {flags}:{string} | |
1524 | |
1525 {string} is the literal text that must appear. | |
1526 | |
1527 {flags}: | |
1528 n Nested comment. Nesting with mixed parts is allowed. If 'comments' | |
1529 is "n:),n:>" a line starting with "> ) >" is a comment. | |
1530 | |
1531 b Blank (<Space>, <Tab> or <EOL>) required after {string}. | |
1532 | |
1533 f Only the first line has the comment string. Do not repeat comment on | |
1534 the next line, but preserve indentation (e.g., a bullet-list). | |
1535 | |
1536 s Start of three-piece comment | |
1537 | |
1538 m Middle of a three-piece comment | |
1539 | |
1540 e End of a three-piece comment | |
1541 | |
1621 | 1542 l Left align. Used together with 's' or 'e', the leftmost character of |
1543 start or end will line up with the leftmost character from the middle. | |
1544 This is the default and can be omitted. See below for more details. | |
7 | 1545 |
1621 | 1546 r Right align. Same as above but rightmost instead of leftmost. See |
1547 below for more details. | |
7 | 1548 |
1621 | 1549 O Don't consider this comment for the "O" command. |
7 | 1550 |
1551 x Allows three-piece comments to be ended by just typing the last | |
1621 | 1552 character of the end-comment string as the first action on a new |
1553 line when the middle-comment string has been inserted automatically. | |
1554 See below for more details. | |
7 | 1555 |
1556 {digits} | |
1621 | 1557 When together with 's' or 'e': add {digit} amount of offset to an |
1558 automatically inserted middle or end comment leader. The offset begins | |
1559 from a left alignment. See below for more details. | |
7 | 1560 |
1561 -{digits} | |
1562 Like {digits} but reduce the indent. This only works when there is | |
1563 some indent for the start or end part that can be removed. | |
1564 | |
1565 When a string has none of the 'f', 's', 'm' or 'e' flags, Vim assumes the | |
1566 comment string repeats at the start of each line. The flags field may be | |
1567 empty. | |
1568 | |
1569 Any blank space in the text before and after the {string} is part of the | |
1570 {string}, so do not include leading or trailing blanks unless the blanks are a | |
1571 required part of the comment string. | |
1572 | |
1573 When one comment leader is part of another, specify the part after the whole. | |
1574 For example, to include both "-" and "->", use > | |
1575 :set comments=f:->,f:- | |
1576 | |
1577 A three-piece comment must always be given as start,middle,end, with no other | |
1578 parts in between. An example of a three-piece comment is > | |
1579 sr:/*,mb:*,ex:*/ | |
1580 for C-comments. To avoid recognizing "*ptr" as a comment, the middle string | |
1581 includes the 'b' flag. For three-piece comments, Vim checks the text after | |
1582 the start and middle strings for the end string. If Vim finds the end string, | |
1583 the comment does not continue on the next line. Three-piece comments must | |
1584 have a middle string because otherwise Vim can't recognize the middle lines. | |
1585 | |
1586 Notice the use of the "x" flag in the above three-piece comment definition. | |
1587 When you hit Return in a C-comment, Vim will insert the middle comment leader | |
1621 | 1588 for the new line: " * ". To close this comment you just have to type "/" |
7 | 1589 before typing anything else on the new line. This will replace the |
1621 | 1590 middle-comment leader with the end-comment leader and apply any specified |
6647 | 1591 alignment, leaving just " */". There is no need to hit Backspace first. |
1621 | 1592 |
6647 | 1593 When there is a match with a middle part, but there also is a matching end |
1594 part which is longer, the end part is used. This makes a C style comment work | |
2826 | 1595 without requiring the middle part to end with a space. |
1621 | 1596 |
1597 Here is an example of alignment flags at work to make a comment stand out | |
2826 | 1598 (kind of looks like a 1 too). Consider comment string: > |
1599 :set comments=sr:/***,m:**,ex-2:******/ | |
1600 < | |
1601 /*** ~ | |
1602 **<--right aligned from "r" flag ~ | |
1603 ** ~ | |
1604 offset 2 spaces for the "-2" flag--->** ~ | |
1605 ******/ ~ | |
1621 | 1606 In this case, the first comment was typed, then return was pressed 4 times, |
1607 then "/" was pressed to end the comment. | |
7 | 1608 |
1621 | 1609 Here are some finer points of three part comments. There are three times when |
1610 alignment and offset flags are taken into consideration: opening a new line | |
1611 after a start-comment, opening a new line before an end-comment, and | |
1612 automatically ending a three-piece comment. The end alignment flag has a | |
1613 backwards perspective; the result is that the same alignment flag used with | |
1614 "s" and "e" will result in the same indent for the starting and ending pieces. | |
1615 Only one alignment per comment part is meant to be used, but an offset number | |
1616 will override the "r" and "l" flag. | |
1617 | |
1618 Enabling 'cindent' will override the alignment flags in many cases. | |
1619 Reindenting using a different method like |gq| or |=| will not consult | |
1620 alignment flags either. The same behaviour can be defined in those other | |
1621 formatting options. One consideration is that 'cindent' has additional options | |
1622 for context based indenting of comments but cannot replicate many three piece | |
2826 | 1623 indent alignments. However, 'indentexpr' has the ability to work better with |
1624 three piece comments. | |
1621 | 1625 |
1626 Other examples: > | |
7 | 1627 "b:*" Includes lines starting with "*", but not if the "*" is |
1628 followed by a non-blank. This avoids a pointer dereference | |
1629 like "*str" to be recognized as a comment. | |
1630 "n:>" Includes a line starting with ">", ">>", ">>>", etc. | |
1631 "fb:-" Format a list that starts with "- ". | |
1632 | |
1633 By default, "b:#" is included. This means that a line that starts with | |
1634 "#include" is not recognized as a comment line. But a line that starts with | |
1635 "# define" is recognized. This is a compromise. | |
1636 | |
1637 {not available when compiled without the |+comments| feature} | |
1638 | |
1639 *fo-table* | |
1640 You can use the 'formatoptions' option to influence how Vim formats text. | |
1641 'formatoptions' is a string that can contain any of the letters below. The | |
1642 default setting is "tcq". You can separate the option letters with commas for | |
1643 readability. | |
1644 | |
1645 letter meaning when present in 'formatoptions' ~ | |
1646 | |
1121 | 1647 t Auto-wrap text using textwidth |
7 | 1648 c Auto-wrap comments using textwidth, inserting the current comment |
1649 leader automatically. | |
1650 r Automatically insert the current comment leader after hitting | |
1651 <Enter> in Insert mode. | |
1652 o Automatically insert the current comment leader after hitting 'o' or | |
1653 'O' in Normal mode. | |
1654 q Allow formatting of comments with "gq". | |
1655 Note that formatting will not change blank lines or lines containing | |
1656 only the comment leader. A new paragraph starts after such a line, | |
1657 or when the comment leader changes. | |
1658 w Trailing white space indicates a paragraph continues in the next line. | |
1659 A line that ends in a non-white character ends a paragraph. | |
1660 a Automatic formatting of paragraphs. Every time text is inserted or | |
1661 deleted the paragraph will be reformatted. See |auto-format|. | |
1662 When the 'c' flag is present this only happens for recognized | |
1663 comments. | |
41 | 1664 n When formatting text, recognize numbered lists. This actually uses |
1665 the 'formatlistpat' option, thus any kind of list can be used. The | |
1666 indent of the text after the number is used for the next line. The | |
1621 | 1667 default is to find a number, optionally followed by '.', ':', ')', |
41 | 1668 ']' or '}'. Note that 'autoindent' must be set too. Doesn't work |
1669 well together with "2". | |
7 | 1670 Example: > |
1671 1. the first item | |
1672 wraps | |
1673 2. the second item | |
1674 2 When formatting text, use the indent of the second line of a paragraph | |
1675 for the rest of the paragraph, instead of the indent of the first | |
1676 line. This supports paragraphs in which the first line has a | |
1677 different indent than the rest. Note that 'autoindent' must be set | |
1678 too. Example: > | |
1679 first line of a paragraph | |
1680 second line of the same paragraph | |
1681 third line. | |
3682 | 1682 < This also works inside comments, ignoring the comment leader. |
7 | 1683 v Vi-compatible auto-wrapping in insert mode: Only break a line at a |
1684 blank that you have entered during the current insert command. (Note: | |
1685 this is not 100% Vi compatible. Vi has some "unexpected features" or | |
1686 bugs in this area. It uses the screen column instead of the line | |
1687 column.) | |
1688 b Like 'v', but only auto-wrap if you enter a blank at or before | |
1689 the wrap margin. If the line was longer than 'textwidth' when you | |
1690 started the insert, or you do not enter a blank in the insert before | |
1691 reaching 'textwidth', Vim does not perform auto-wrapping. | |
1692 l Long lines are not broken in insert mode: When a line was longer than | |
1693 'textwidth' when the insert command started, Vim does not | |
1694 automatically format it. | |
1695 m Also break at a multi-byte character above 255. This is useful for | |
1696 Asian text where every character is a word on its own. | |
1697 M When joining lines, don't insert a space before or after a multi-byte | |
1698 character. Overrules the 'B' flag. | |
1699 B When joining lines, don't insert a space between two multi-byte | |
1700 characters. Overruled by the 'M' flag. | |
1701 1 Don't break a line after a one-letter word. It's broken before it | |
1702 instead (if possible). | |
3562 | 1703 j Where it makes sense, remove a comment leader when joining lines. For |
1704 example, joining: | |
1705 int i; // the index ~ | |
1706 // in the list ~ | |
1707 Becomes: | |
1708 int i; // the index in the list ~ | |
7 | 1709 |
1710 | |
1711 With 't' and 'c' you can specify when Vim performs auto-wrapping: | |
1712 value action ~ | |
1713 "" no automatic formatting (you can use "gq" for manual formatting) | |
1714 "t" automatic formatting of text, but not comments | |
1715 "c" automatic formatting for comments, but not text (good for C code) | |
1716 "tc" automatic formatting for text and comments | |
1717 | |
867 | 1718 Note that when 'textwidth' is 0, Vim does no automatic formatting anyway (but |
1719 does insert comment leaders according to the 'comments' option). An exception | |
1720 is when the 'a' flag is present. |auto-format| | |
7 | 1721 |
1722 Note that when 'paste' is on, Vim does no formatting at all. | |
1723 | |
1724 Note that 'textwidth' can be non-zero even if Vim never performs auto-wrapping; | |
1725 'textwidth' is still useful for formatting with "gq". | |
1726 | |
1727 If the 'comments' option includes "/*", "*" and/or "*/", then Vim has some | |
1728 built in stuff to treat these types of comments a bit more cleverly. | |
1729 Opening a new line before or after "/*" or "*/" (with 'r' or 'o' present in | |
1730 'formatoptions') gives the correct start of the line automatically. The same | |
236 | 1731 happens with formatting and auto-wrapping. Opening a line after a line |
7 | 1732 starting with "/*" or "*" and containing "*/", will cause no comment leader to |
1733 be inserted, and the indent of the new line is taken from the line containing | |
1734 the start of the comment. | |
1735 E.g.: | |
1736 /* ~ | |
1737 * Your typical comment. ~ | |
1738 */ ~ | |
1739 The indent on this line is the same as the start of the above | |
1740 comment. | |
1741 | |
1742 All of this should be really cool, especially in conjunction with the new | |
1743 :autocmd command to prepare different settings for different types of file. | |
1744 | |
1745 Some examples: | |
1746 for C code (only format comments): > | |
1747 :set fo=croq | |
1748 < for Mail/news (format all, don't start comment with "o" command): > | |
1749 :set fo=tcrq | |
1750 < | |
1751 | |
3492 | 1752 Automatic formatting *auto-format* *autoformat* |
7 | 1753 |
1754 When the 'a' flag is present in 'formatoptions' text is formatted | |
1755 automatically when inserting text or deleting text. This works nice for | |
1756 editing text paragraphs. A few hints on how to use this: | |
1757 | |
1758 - You need to properly define paragraphs. The simplest is paragraphs that are | |
1759 separated by a blank line. When there is no separating blank line, consider | |
1760 using the 'w' flag and adding a space at the end of each line in the | |
1761 paragraphs except the last one. | |
1762 | |
1763 - You can set the 'formatoptions' based on the type of file |filetype| or | |
1764 specifically for one file with a |modeline|. | |
1765 | |
1766 - Set 'formatoptions' to "aw2tq" to make text with indents like this: | |
1767 | |
1768 bla bla foobar bla | |
1769 bla foobar bla foobar bla | |
1770 bla bla foobar bla | |
1771 bla foobar bla bla foobar | |
1772 | |
1773 - Add the 'c' flag to only auto-format comments. Useful in source code. | |
1774 | |
867 | 1775 - Set 'textwidth' to the desired width. If it is zero then 79 is used, or the |
1776 width of the screen if this is smaller. | |
1777 | |
7 | 1778 And a few warnings: |
1779 | |
1780 - When part of the text is not properly separated in paragraphs, making | |
1781 changes in this text will cause it to be formatted anyway. Consider doing > | |
1782 | |
1783 :set fo-=a | |
1784 | |
1785 - When using the 'w' flag (trailing space means paragraph continues) and | |
1786 deleting the last line of a paragraph with |dd|, the paragraph will be | |
1787 joined with the next one. | |
1788 | |
1789 - Changed text is saved for undo. Formatting is also a change. Thus each | |
1790 format action saves text for undo. This may consume quite a lot of memory. | |
1791 | |
1792 - Formatting a long paragraph and/or with complicated indenting may be slow. | |
1793 | |
282 | 1794 ============================================================================== |
1795 7. Sorting text *sorting* | |
1796 | |
1797 Vim has a sorting function and a sorting command. The sorting function can be | |
5747 | 1798 found here: |sort()|, |uniq()|. |
282 | 1799 |
1800 *:sor* *:sort* | |
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1801 :[range]sor[t][!] [b][f][i][n][o][r][u][x] [/{pattern}/] |
586 | 1802 Sort lines in [range]. When no range is given all |
1803 lines are sorted. | |
282 | 1804 |
1805 With [!] the order is reversed. | |
1806 | |
1807 With [i] case is ignored. | |
1808 | |
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1809 Options [n][f][x][o][b] are mutually exclusive. |
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1810 |
293 | 1811 With [n] sorting is done on the first decimal number |
826 | 1812 in the line (after or inside a {pattern} match). |
1698 | 1813 One leading '-' is included in the number. |
293 | 1814 |
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1815 With [f] sorting is done on the Float in the line. |
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1816 The value of Float is determined similar to passing |
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1817 the text (after or inside a {pattern} match) to |
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1818 str2float() function. This option is available only |
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1819 if Vim was compiled with Floating point support. |
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1820 |
293 | 1821 With [x] sorting is done on the first hexadecimal |
826 | 1822 number in the line (after or inside a {pattern} |
1823 match). A leading "0x" or "0X" is ignored. | |
1698 | 1824 One leading '-' is included in the number. |
293 | 1825 |
1826 With [o] sorting is done on the first octal number in | |
826 | 1827 the line (after or inside a {pattern} match). |
293 | 1828 |
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1829 With [b] sorting is done on the first binary number in |
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1830 the line (after or inside a {pattern} match). |
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1831 |
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1832 With [u] (u stands for unique) only keep the first of |
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1833 a sequence of identical lines (ignoring case when [i] |
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1834 is used). Without this flag, a sequence of identical |
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1835 lines will be kept in their original order. |
293 | 1836 Note that leading and trailing white space may cause |
1837 lines to be different. | |
282 | 1838 |
826 | 1839 When /{pattern}/ is specified and there is no [r] flag |
1840 the text matched with {pattern} is skipped, so that | |
1841 you sort on what comes after the match. | |
282 | 1842 Instead of the slash any non-letter can be used. |
1843 For example, to sort on the second comma-separated | |
1844 field: > | |
1845 :sort /[^,]*,/ | |
1846 < To sort on the text at virtual column 10 (thus | |
1847 ignoring the difference between tabs and spaces): > | |
1848 :sort /.*\%10v/ | |
824 | 1849 < To sort on the first number in the line, no matter |
1850 what is in front of it: > | |
1621 | 1851 :sort /.\{-}\ze\d/ |
1852 < (Explanation: ".\{-}" matches any text, "\ze" sets the | |
1853 end of the match and \d matches a digit.) | |
1854 With [r] sorting is done on the matching {pattern} | |
826 | 1855 instead of skipping past it as described above. |
1856 For example, to sort on only the first three letters | |
1857 of each line: > | |
1858 :sort /\a\a\a/ r | |
1859 | |
1860 < If a {pattern} is used, any lines which don't have a | |
1861 match for {pattern} are kept in their current order, | |
1862 but separate from the lines which do match {pattern}. | |
1863 If you sorted in reverse, they will be in reverse | |
1864 order after the sorted lines, otherwise they will be | |
1865 in their original order, right before the sorted | |
1866 lines. | |
1867 | |
1314 | 1868 If {pattern} is empty (e.g. // is specified), the |
1869 last search pattern is used. This allows trying out | |
1870 a pattern first. | |
1871 | |
3492 | 1872 Note that using `:sort` with `:global` doesn't sort the matching lines, it's |
293 | 1873 quite useless. |
7 | 1874 |
359 | 1875 The details about sorting depend on the library function used. There is no |
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1876 guarantee that sorting obeys the current locale. You will have to try it out. |
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1877 Vim does do a "stable" sort. |
359 | 1878 |
826 | 1879 The sorting can be interrupted, but if you interrupt it too late in the |
1880 process you may end up with duplicated lines. This also depends on the system | |
1881 library function used. | |
481 | 1882 |
14421 | 1883 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |