Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/change.txt @ 3492:3482d151136b
Updated runtime files.
author | Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org> |
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date | Wed, 25 Apr 2012 19:07:41 +0200 |
parents | ba708ee8d69d |
children | 1be42b88900e |
rev | line source |
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3492 | 1 *change.txt* For Vim version 7.3. Last change: 2012 Apr 25 |
7 | 2 |
3 | |
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
5 | |
6 | |
7 This file describes commands that delete or change text. In this context, | |
8 changing text means deleting the text and replacing it with other text using | |
9 one command. You can undo all of these commands. You can repeat the non-Ex | |
10 commands with the "." command. | |
11 | |
12 1. Deleting text |deleting| | |
13 2. Delete and insert |delete-insert| | |
14 3. Simple changes |simple-change| *changing* | |
15 4. Complex changes |complex-change| | |
32 | 16 4.1 Filter commands |filter| |
17 4.2 Substitute |:substitute| | |
18 4.3 Search and replace |search-replace| | |
19 4.4 Changing tabs |change-tabs| | |
7 | 20 5. Copying and moving text |copy-move| |
21 6. Formatting text |formatting| | |
282 | 22 7. Sorting text |sorting| |
7 | 23 |
24 For inserting text see |insert.txt|. | |
25 | |
26 ============================================================================== | |
27 1. Deleting text *deleting* *E470* | |
28 | |
29 ["x]<Del> or *<Del>* *x* *dl* | |
30 ["x]x Delete [count] characters under and after the cursor | |
31 [into register x] (not |linewise|). Does the same as | |
32 "dl". | |
33 The <Del> key does not take a [count]. Instead, it | |
34 deletes the last character of the count. | |
35 See |:fixdel| if the <Del> key does not do what you | |
36 want. See |'whichwrap'| for deleting a line break | |
37 (join lines). {Vi does not support <Del>} | |
38 | |
39 *X* *dh* | |
40 ["x]X Delete [count] characters before the cursor [into | |
41 register x] (not |linewise|). Does the same as "dh". | |
42 Also see |'whichwrap'|. | |
43 | |
44 *d* | |
45 ["x]d{motion} Delete text that {motion} moves over [into register | |
46 x]. See below for exceptions. | |
47 | |
48 *dd* | |
49 ["x]dd Delete [count] lines [into register x] |linewise|. | |
50 | |
51 *D* | |
52 ["x]D Delete the characters under the cursor until the end | |
53 of the line and [count]-1 more lines [into register | |
54 x]; synonym for "d$". | |
55 (not |linewise|) | |
164 | 56 When the '#' flag is in 'cpoptions' the count is |
57 ignored. | |
7 | 58 |
59 {Visual}["x]x or *v_x* *v_d* *v_<Del>* | |
60 {Visual}["x]d or | |
61 {Visual}["x]<Del> Delete the highlighted text [into register x] (for | |
62 {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
63 | |
64 {Visual}["x]CTRL-H or *v_CTRL-H* *v_<BS>* | |
65 {Visual}["x]<BS> When in Select mode: Delete the highlighted text [into | |
66 register x]. | |
67 | |
68 {Visual}["x]X or *v_X* *v_D* *v_b_D* | |
69 {Visual}["x]D Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] (for | |
70 {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). In Visual block mode, | |
71 "D" deletes the highlighted text plus all text until | |
72 the end of the line. {not in Vi} | |
73 | |
3224 | 74 *:d* *:de* *:del* *:delete* *:dl* |
7 | 75 :[range]d[elete] [x] Delete [range] lines (default: current line) [into |
76 register x]. | |
77 | |
78 :[range]d[elete] [x] {count} | |
79 Delete {count} lines, starting with [range] | |
80 (default: current line |cmdline-ranges|) [into | |
81 register x]. | |
82 | |
3492 | 83 These commands delete text. You can repeat them with the `.` command |
84 (except `:d`) and undo them. Use Visual mode to delete blocks of text. See | |
7 | 85 |registers| for an explanation of registers. |
86 | |
87 An exception for the d{motion} command: If the motion is not linewise, the | |
88 start and end of the motion are not in the same line, and there are only | |
89 blanks before the start and after the end of the motion, the delete becomes | |
90 linewise. This means that the delete also removes the line of blanks that you | |
3256 | 91 might expect to remain. Use the |o_v| operator to force the motion to be |
92 characterwise. | |
7 | 93 |
94 Trying to delete an empty region of text (e.g., "d0" in the first column) | |
95 is an error when 'cpoptions' includes the 'E' flag. | |
96 | |
97 *J* | |
98 J Join [count] lines, with a minimum of two lines. | |
99 Remove the indent and insert up to two spaces (see | |
100 below). | |
101 | |
102 *v_J* | |
103 {Visual}J Join the highlighted lines, with a minimum of two | |
104 lines. Remove the indent and insert up to two spaces | |
105 (see below). {not in Vi} | |
106 | |
107 *gJ* | |
108 gJ Join [count] lines, with a minimum of two lines. | |
109 Don't insert or remove any spaces. {not in Vi} | |
110 | |
111 *v_gJ* | |
112 {Visual}gJ Join the highlighted lines, with a minimum of two | |
113 lines. Don't insert or remove any spaces. {not in | |
114 Vi} | |
115 | |
116 *:j* *:join* | |
168 | 117 :[range]j[oin][!] [flags] |
118 Join [range] lines. Same as "J", except with [!] | |
7 | 119 the join does not insert or delete any spaces. |
120 If a [range] has equal start and end values, this | |
121 command does nothing. The default behavior is to | |
122 join the current line with the line below it. | |
123 {not in Vi: !} | |
168 | 124 See |ex-flags| for [flags]. |
7 | 125 |
168 | 126 :[range]j[oin][!] {count} [flags] |
7 | 127 Join {count} lines, starting with [range] (default: |
128 current line |cmdline-ranges|). Same as "J", except | |
129 with [!] the join does not insert or delete any | |
130 spaces. | |
131 {not in Vi: !} | |
168 | 132 See |ex-flags| for [flags]. |
7 | 133 |
134 These commands delete the <EOL> between lines. This has the effect of joining | |
3492 | 135 multiple lines into one line. You can repeat these commands (except `:j`) and |
7 | 136 undo them. |
137 | |
138 These commands, except "gJ", insert one space in place of the <EOL> unless | |
139 there is trailing white space or the next line starts with a ')'. These | |
140 commands, except "gJ", delete any leading white space on the next line. If | |
141 the 'joinspaces' option is on, these commands insert two spaces after a '.', | |
142 '!' or '?' (but if 'cpoptions' includes the 'j' flag, they insert two spaces | |
143 only after a '.'). | |
144 The 'B' and 'M' flags in 'formatoptions' change the behavior for inserting | |
145 spaces before and after a multi-byte character |fo-table|. | |
146 | |
147 | |
148 ============================================================================== | |
149 2. Delete and insert *delete-insert* *replacing* | |
150 | |
151 *R* | |
152 R Enter Replace mode: Each character you type replaces | |
153 an existing character, starting with the character | |
154 under the cursor. Repeat the entered text [count]-1 | |
155 times. See |Replace-mode| for more details. | |
156 | |
157 *gR* | |
158 gR Enter Virtual Replace mode: Each character you type | |
159 replaces existing characters in screen space. So a | |
160 <Tab> may replace several characters at once. | |
161 Repeat the entered text [count]-1 times. See | |
162 |Virtual-Replace-mode| for more details. | |
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
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changeset
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163 {not available when compiled without the |+vreplace| |
7 | 164 feature} |
165 | |
166 *c* | |
167 ["x]c{motion} Delete {motion} text [into register x] and start | |
168 insert. When 'cpoptions' includes the 'E' flag and | |
169 there is no text to delete (e.g., with "cTx" when the | |
170 cursor is just after an 'x'), an error occurs and | |
171 insert mode does not start (this is Vi compatible). | |
172 When 'cpoptions' does not include the 'E' flag, the | |
173 "c" command always starts insert mode, even if there | |
174 is no text to delete. | |
175 | |
176 *cc* | |
177 ["x]cc Delete [count] lines [into register x] and start | |
178 insert |linewise|. If 'autoindent' is on, preserve | |
179 the indent of the first line. | |
180 | |
181 *C* | |
182 ["x]C Delete from the cursor position to the end of the | |
183 line and [count]-1 more lines [into register x], and | |
184 start insert. Synonym for c$ (not |linewise|). | |
185 | |
186 *s* | |
187 ["x]s Delete [count] characters [into register x] and start | |
188 insert (s stands for Substitute). Synonym for "cl" | |
189 (not |linewise|). | |
190 | |
191 *S* | |
192 ["x]S Delete [count] lines [into register x] and start | |
193 insert. Synonym for "cc" |linewise|. | |
194 | |
195 {Visual}["x]c or *v_c* *v_s* | |
196 {Visual}["x]s Delete the highlighted text [into register x] and | |
197 start insert (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not | |
198 in Vi} | |
199 | |
200 *v_r* | |
201 {Visual}["x]r{char} Replace all selected characters by {char}. | |
202 | |
203 *v_C* | |
204 {Visual}["x]C Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] and | |
205 start insert. In Visual block mode it works | |
206 differently |v_b_C|. {not in Vi} | |
207 *v_S* | |
208 {Visual}["x]S Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] and | |
209 start insert (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not | |
210 in Vi} | |
211 *v_R* | |
212 {Visual}["x]R Currently just like {Visual}["x]S. In a next version | |
213 it might work differently. {not in Vi} | |
214 | |
215 Notes: | |
216 - You can end Insert and Replace mode with <Esc>. | |
217 - See the section "Insert and Replace mode" |mode-ins-repl| for the other | |
218 special characters in these modes. | |
219 - The effect of [count] takes place after Vim exits Insert or Replace mode. | |
220 - When the 'cpoptions' option contains '$' and the change is within one line, | |
221 Vim continues to show the text to be deleted and puts a '$' at the last | |
222 deleted character. | |
223 | |
224 See |registers| for an explanation of registers. | |
225 | |
226 Replace mode is just like Insert mode, except that every character you enter | |
227 deletes one character. If you reach the end of a line, Vim appends any | |
228 further characters (just like Insert mode). In Replace mode, the backspace | |
229 key restores the original text (if there was any). (See section "Insert and | |
230 Replace mode" |mode-ins-repl|). | |
231 | |
232 *cw* *cW* | |
1621 | 233 Special case: When the cursor is in a word, "cw" and "cW" do not include the |
234 white space after a word, they only change up to the end of the word. This is | |
235 because Vim interprets "cw" as change-word, and a word does not include the | |
236 following white space. | |
237 {Vi: "cw" when on a blank followed by other blanks changes only the first | |
238 blank; this is probably a bug, because "dw" deletes all the blanks; use the | |
239 'w' flag in 'cpoptions' to make it work like Vi anyway} | |
7 | 240 |
241 If you prefer "cw" to include the space after a word, use this mapping: > | |
242 :map cw dwi | |
1621 | 243 Or use "caw" (see |aw|). |
244 | |
7 | 245 *:c* *:ch* *:change* |
168 | 246 :{range}c[hange][!] Replace lines of text with some different text. |
7 | 247 Type a line containing only "." to stop replacing. |
248 Without {range}, this command changes only the current | |
249 line. | |
168 | 250 Adding [!] toggles 'autoindent' for the time this |
251 command is executed. | |
7 | 252 |
253 ============================================================================== | |
254 3. Simple changes *simple-change* | |
255 | |
256 *r* | |
257 r{char} Replace the character under the cursor with {char}. | |
258 If {char} is a <CR> or <NL>, a line break replaces the | |
259 character. To replace with a real <CR>, use CTRL-V | |
260 <CR>. CTRL-V <NL> replaces with a <Nul>. | |
261 {Vi: CTRL-V <CR> still replaces with a line break, | |
262 cannot replace something with a <CR>} | |
263 If you give a [count], Vim replaces [count] characters | |
264 with [count] {char}s. When {char} is a <CR> or <NL>, | |
265 however, Vim inserts only one <CR>: "5r<CR>" replaces | |
266 five characters with a single line break. | |
267 When {char} is a <CR> or <NL>, Vim performs | |
268 autoindenting. This works just like deleting the | |
269 characters that are replaced and then doing | |
270 "i<CR><Esc>". | |
271 {char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|. | |
272 |:lmap| mappings apply to {char}. The CTRL-^ command | |
273 in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off | |
274 |i_CTRL-^|. See |utf-8-char-arg| about using | |
275 composing characters when 'encoding' is Unicode. | |
276 | |
277 *gr* | |
278 gr{char} Replace the virtual characters under the cursor with | |
279 {char}. This replaces in screen space, not file | |
280 space. See |gR| and |Virtual-Replace-mode| for more | |
281 details. As with |r| a count may be given. | |
282 {char} can be entered like with |r|. | |
2570
71b56b4e7785
Make the references to features in the help more consistent. (Sylvain Hitier)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2561
diff
changeset
|
283 {not available when compiled without the |+vreplace| |
7 | 284 feature} |
285 | |
286 *digraph-arg* | |
287 The argument for Normal mode commands like |r| and |t| is a single character. | |
288 When 'cpo' doesn't contain the 'D' flag, this character can also be entered | |
289 like |digraphs|. First type CTRL-K and then the two digraph characters. | |
290 {not available when compiled without the |+digraphs| feature} | |
291 | |
292 *case* | |
293 The following commands change the case of letters. The currently active | |
294 |locale| is used. See |:language|. The LC_CTYPE value matters here. | |
295 | |
296 *~* | |
297 ~ 'notildeop' option: Switch case of the character | |
298 under the cursor and move the cursor to the right. | |
299 If a [count] is given, do that many characters. {Vi: | |
300 no count} | |
301 | |
302 ~{motion} 'tildeop' option: switch case of {motion} text. {Vi: | |
303 tilde cannot be used as an operator} | |
304 | |
305 *g~* | |
306 g~{motion} Switch case of {motion} text. {not in Vi} | |
307 | |
308 g~g~ *g~g~* *g~~* | |
309 g~~ Switch case of current line. {not in Vi}. | |
310 | |
311 *v_~* | |
312 {Visual}~ Switch case of highlighted text (for {Visual} see | |
313 |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
314 | |
315 *v_U* | |
316 {Visual}U Make highlighted text uppercase (for {Visual} see | |
317 |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
318 | |
319 *gU* *uppercase* | |
320 gU{motion} Make {motion} text uppercase. {not in Vi} | |
321 Example: > | |
322 :map! <C-F> <Esc>gUiw`]a | |
323 < This works in Insert mode: press CTRL-F to make the | |
324 word before the cursor uppercase. Handy to type | |
325 words in lowercase and then make them uppercase. | |
326 | |
327 | |
328 gUgU *gUgU* *gUU* | |
329 gUU Make current line uppercase. {not in Vi}. | |
330 | |
331 *v_u* | |
332 {Visual}u Make highlighted text lowercase (for {Visual} see | |
333 |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
334 | |
335 *gu* *lowercase* | |
336 gu{motion} Make {motion} text lowercase. {not in Vi} | |
337 | |
338 gugu *gugu* *guu* | |
339 guu Make current line lowercase. {not in Vi}. | |
340 | |
341 *g?* *rot13* | |
342 g?{motion} Rot13 encode {motion} text. {not in Vi} | |
343 | |
344 *v_g?* | |
345 {Visual}g? Rot13 encode the highlighted text (for {Visual} see | |
346 |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
347 | |
348 g?g? *g?g?* *g??* | |
349 g?? Rot13 encode current line. {not in Vi}. | |
350 | |
1621 | 351 To turn one line into title caps, make every first letter of a word |
352 uppercase: > | |
353 :s/\v<(.)(\w*)/\u\1\L\2/g | |
354 | |
7 | 355 |
356 Adding and subtracting ~ | |
357 *CTRL-A* | |
358 CTRL-A Add [count] to the number or alphabetic character at | |
359 or after the cursor. {not in Vi} | |
360 | |
361 *CTRL-X* | |
362 CTRL-X Subtract [count] from the number or alphabetic | |
363 character at or after the cursor. {not in Vi} | |
364 | |
365 The CTRL-A and CTRL-X commands work for (signed) decimal numbers, unsigned | |
366 octal and hexadecimal numbers and alphabetic characters. This depends on the | |
367 'nrformats' option. | |
36 | 368 - When 'nrformats' includes "octal", Vim considers numbers starting with a '0' |
39 | 369 to be octal, unless the number includes a '8' or '9'. Other numbers are |
370 decimal and may have a preceding minus sign. | |
36 | 371 If the cursor is on a number, the commands apply to that number; otherwise |
372 Vim uses the number to the right of the cursor. | |
7 | 373 - When 'nrformats' includes "hex", Vim assumes numbers starting with '0x' or |
374 '0X' are hexadecimal. The case of the rightmost letter in the number | |
375 determines the case of the resulting hexadecimal number. If there is no | |
376 letter in the current number, Vim uses the previously detected case. | |
36 | 377 - When 'nrformats' includes "alpha", Vim will change the alphabetic character |
378 under or after the cursor. This is useful to make lists with an alphabetic | |
379 index. | |
7 | 380 |
381 For numbers with leading zeros (including all octal and hexadecimal numbers), | |
382 Vim preserves the number of characters in the number when possible. CTRL-A on | |
36 | 383 "0077" results in "0100", CTRL-X on "0x100" results in "0x0ff". |
39 | 384 There is one exception: When a number that starts with a zero is found not to |
385 be octal (it contains a '8' or '9'), but 'nrformats' does include "octal", | |
386 leading zeros are removed to avoid that the result may be recognized as an | |
387 octal number. | |
36 | 388 |
389 Note that when 'nrformats' includes "octal", decimal numbers with leading | |
39 | 390 zeros cause mistakes, because they can be confused with octal numbers. |
7 | 391 |
392 The CTRL-A command is very useful in a macro. Example: Use the following | |
393 steps to make a numbered list. | |
394 | |
395 1. Create the first list entry, make sure it starts with a number. | |
99 | 396 2. qa - start recording into register 'a' |
7 | 397 3. Y - yank the entry |
398 4. p - put a copy of the entry below the first one | |
399 5. CTRL-A - increment the number | |
400 6. q - stop recording | |
401 7. <count>@a - repeat the yank, put and increment <count> times | |
402 | |
403 | |
404 SHIFTING LINES LEFT OR RIGHT *shift-left-right* | |
405 | |
406 *<* | |
407 <{motion} Shift {motion} lines one 'shiftwidth' leftwards. | |
408 | |
409 *<<* | |
410 << Shift [count] lines one 'shiftwidth' leftwards. | |
411 | |
412 *v_<* | |
413 {Visual}[count]< Shift the highlighted lines [count] 'shiftwidth' | |
414 leftwards (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in | |
415 Vi} | |
416 | |
417 *>* | |
418 >{motion} Shift {motion} lines one 'shiftwidth' rightwards. | |
419 | |
420 *>>* | |
421 >> Shift [count] lines one 'shiftwidth' rightwards. | |
422 | |
423 *v_>* | |
424 {Visual}[count]> Shift the highlighted lines [count] 'shiftwidth' | |
425 rightwards (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in | |
426 Vi} | |
427 | |
428 *:<* | |
429 :[range]< Shift [range] lines one 'shiftwidth' left. Repeat '<' | |
430 for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's. | |
431 | |
432 :[range]< {count} Shift {count} lines one 'shiftwidth' left, starting | |
433 with [range] (default current line |cmdline-ranges|). | |
434 Repeat '<' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's. | |
435 | |
436 :[range]le[ft] [indent] left align lines in [range]. Sets the indent in the | |
437 lines to [indent] (default 0). {not in Vi} | |
438 | |
439 *:>* | |
168 | 440 :[range]> [flags] Shift {count} [range] lines one 'shiftwidth' right. |
7 | 441 Repeat '>' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's. |
168 | 442 See |ex-flags| for [flags]. |
7 | 443 |
168 | 444 :[range]> {count} [flags] |
445 Shift {count} lines one 'shiftwidth' right, starting | |
7 | 446 with [range] (default current line |cmdline-ranges|). |
447 Repeat '>' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's. | |
168 | 448 See |ex-flags| for [flags]. |
7 | 449 |
450 The ">" and "<" commands are handy for changing the indentation within | |
451 programs. Use the 'shiftwidth' option to set the size of the white space | |
452 which these commands insert or delete. Normally the 'shiftwidth' option is 8, | |
453 but you can set it to, say, 3 to make smaller indents. The shift leftwards | |
454 stops when there is no indent. The shift right does not affect empty lines. | |
455 | |
456 If the 'shiftround' option is on, the indent is rounded to a multiple of | |
457 'shiftwidth'. | |
458 | |
459 If the 'smartindent' option is on, or 'cindent' is on and 'cinkeys' contains | |
460 '#', shift right does not affect lines starting with '#' (these are supposed | |
461 to be C preprocessor lines that must stay in column 1). | |
462 | |
463 When the 'expandtab' option is off (this is the default) Vim uses <Tab>s as | |
464 much as possible to make the indent. You can use ">><<" to replace an indent | |
465 made out of spaces with the same indent made out of <Tab>s (and a few spaces | |
466 if necessary). If the 'expandtab' option is on, Vim uses only spaces. Then | |
467 you can use ">><<" to replace <Tab>s in the indent by spaces (or use | |
3492 | 468 `:retab!`). |
7 | 469 |
3492 | 470 To move a line several 'shiftwidth's, use Visual mode or the `:` commands. |
7 | 471 For example: > |
472 Vjj4> move three lines 4 indents to the right | |
473 :<<< move current line 3 indents to the left | |
474 :>> 5 move 5 lines 2 indents to the right | |
475 :5>> move line 5 2 indents to the right | |
476 | |
477 ============================================================================== | |
478 4. Complex changes *complex-change* | |
479 | |
856 | 480 4.1 Filter commands *filter* |
32 | 481 |
482 A filter is a program that accepts text at standard input, changes it in some | |
483 way, and sends it to standard output. You can use the commands below to send | |
1621 | 484 some text through a filter, so that it is replaced by the filter output. |
32 | 485 Examples of filters are "sort", which sorts lines alphabetically, and |
486 "indent", which formats C program files (you need a version of indent that | |
487 works like a filter; not all versions do). The 'shell' option specifies the | |
488 shell Vim uses to execute the filter command (See also the 'shelltype' | |
489 option). You can repeat filter commands with ".". Vim does not recognize a | |
3492 | 490 comment (starting with '"') after the `:!` command. |
32 | 491 |
492 *!* | |
7 | 493 !{motion}{filter} Filter {motion} text lines through the external |
494 program {filter}. | |
495 | |
496 *!!* | |
497 !!{filter} Filter [count] lines through the external program | |
498 {filter}. | |
499 | |
500 *v_!* | |
501 {Visual}!{filter} Filter the highlighted lines through the external | |
502 program {filter} (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). | |
503 {not in Vi} | |
504 | |
505 :{range}![!]{filter} [!][arg] *:range!* | |
506 Filter {range} lines through the external program | |
507 {filter}. Vim replaces the optional bangs with the | |
508 latest given command and appends the optional [arg]. | |
509 Vim saves the output of the filter command in a | |
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parents:
1702
diff
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510 temporary file and then reads the file into the buffer |
de5a43c5eedc
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parents:
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511 |tempfile|. Vim uses the 'shellredir' option to |
de5a43c5eedc
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parents:
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512 redirect the filter output to the temporary file. |
603 | 513 However, if the 'shelltemp' option is off then pipes |
514 are used when possible (on Unix). | |
7 | 515 When the 'R' flag is included in 'cpoptions' marks in |
516 the filtered lines are deleted, unless the | |
517 |:keepmarks| command is used. Example: > | |
518 :keepmarks '<,'>!sort | |
519 < When the number of lines after filtering is less than | |
520 before, marks in the missing lines are deleted anyway. | |
521 | |
522 *=* | |
523 ={motion} Filter {motion} lines through the external program | |
524 given with the 'equalprg' option. When the 'equalprg' | |
525 option is empty (this is the default), use the | |
2833 | 526 internal formatting function |C-indenting| and |
527 |'lisp'|. But when 'indentexpr' is not empty, it will | |
528 be used instead |indent-expression|. When Vim was | |
529 compiled without internal formatting then the "indent" | |
530 program is used as a last resort. | |
7 | 531 |
532 *==* | |
533 == Filter [count] lines like with ={motion}. | |
534 | |
535 *v_=* | |
536 {Visual}= Filter the highlighted lines like with ={motion}. | |
537 {not in Vi} | |
538 | |
539 | |
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540 *tempfile* *setuid* |
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541 Vim uses temporary files for filtering, generating diffs and also for |
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542 tempname(). For Unix, the file will be in a private directory (only |
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543 accessible by the current user) to avoid security problems (e.g., a symlink |
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544 attack or other people reading your file). When Vim exits the directory and |
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545 all files in it are deleted. When Vim has the setuid bit set this may cause |
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546 problems, the temp file is owned by the setuid user but the filter command |
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547 probably runs as the original user. |
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548 On MS-DOS and OS/2 the first of these directories that works is used: $TMP, |
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549 $TEMP, c:\TMP, c:\TEMP. |
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550 For Unix the list of directories is: $TMPDIR, /tmp, current-dir, $HOME. |
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551 For MS-Windows the GetTempFileName() system function is used. |
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552 For other systems the tmpnam() library function is used. |
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553 |
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554 |
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555 |
32 | 556 4.2 Substitute *:substitute* |
557 *:s* *:su* | |
170 | 558 :[range]s[ubstitute]/{pattern}/{string}/[flags] [count] |
7 | 559 For each line in [range] replace a match of {pattern} |
560 with {string}. | |
561 For the {pattern} see |pattern|. | |
562 {string} can be a literal string, or something | |
563 special; see |sub-replace-special|. | |
564 When [range] and [count] are omitted, replace in the | |
565 current line only. | |
566 When [count] is given, replace in [count] lines, | |
567 starting with the last line in [range]. When [range] | |
568 is omitted start in the current line. | |
569 Also see |cmdline-ranges|. | |
170 | 570 See |:s_flags| for [flags]. |
7 | 571 |
170 | 572 :[range]s[ubstitute] [flags] [count] |
573 :[range]&[&][flags] [count] *:&* | |
7 | 574 Repeat last :substitute with same search pattern and |
575 substitute string, but without the same flags. You | |
170 | 576 may add [flags], see |:s_flags|. |
3492 | 577 Note that after `:substitute` the '&' flag can't be |
7 | 578 used, it's recognized as a pattern separator. |
3492 | 579 The space between `:substitute` and the 'c', 'g' and |
7 | 580 'r' flags isn't required, but in scripts it's a good |
581 idea to keep it to avoid confusion. | |
582 | |
170 | 583 :[range]~[&][flags] [count] *:~* |
7 | 584 Repeat last substitute with same substitute string |
585 but with last used search pattern. This is like | |
3492 | 586 `:&r`. See |:s_flags| for [flags]. |
7 | 587 |
170 | 588 *&* |
3492 | 589 & Synonym for `:s` (repeat last substitute). Note |
7 | 590 that the flags are not remembered, thus it might |
3492 | 591 actually work differently. You can use `:&&` to keep |
7 | 592 the flags. |
593 | |
170 | 594 *g&* |
3492 | 595 g& Synonym for `:%s//~/&` (repeat last substitute on all |
7 | 596 lines with the same flags). |
597 Mnemonic: global substitute. {not in Vi} | |
598 | |
599 *:snomagic* *:sno* | |
3492 | 600 :[range]sno[magic] ... Same as `:substitute`, but always use 'nomagic'. |
7 | 601 {not in Vi} |
602 | |
603 *:smagic* *:sm* | |
3492 | 604 :[range]sm[agic] ... Same as `:substitute`, but always use 'magic'. |
7 | 605 {not in Vi} |
606 | |
607 *:s_flags* | |
608 The flags that you can use for the substitute commands: | |
609 | |
610 [&] Must be the first one: Keep the flags from the previous substitute | |
611 command. Examples: > | |
612 :&& | |
613 :s/this/that/& | |
3492 | 614 < Note that `:s` and `:&` don't keep the flags. |
7 | 615 {not in Vi} |
616 | |
617 [c] Confirm each substitution. Vim highlights the matching string (with | |
618 |hl-IncSearch|). You can type: *:s_c* | |
619 'y' to substitute this match | |
620 'l' to substitute this match and then quit ("last") | |
621 'n' to skip this match | |
622 <Esc> to quit substituting | |
623 'a' to substitute this and all remaining matches {not in Vi} | |
624 'q' to quit substituting {not in Vi} | |
625 CTRL-E to scroll the screen up {not in Vi, not available when | |
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626 compiled without the |+insert_expand| feature} |
7 | 627 CTRL-Y to scroll the screen down {not in Vi, not available when |
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628 compiled without the |+insert_expand| feature} |
7 | 629 If the 'edcompatible' option is on, Vim remembers the [c] flag and |
630 toggles it each time you use it, but resets it when you give a new | |
631 search pattern. | |
632 {not in Vi: highlighting of the match, other responses than 'y' or 'n'} | |
633 | |
634 [e] When the search pattern fails, do not issue an error message and, in | |
635 particular, continue in maps as if no error occurred. This is most | |
636 useful to prevent the "No match" error from breaking a mapping. Vim | |
637 does not suppress the following error messages, however: | |
638 Regular expressions can't be delimited by letters | |
639 \ should be followed by /, ? or & | |
640 No previous substitute regular expression | |
641 Trailing characters | |
642 Interrupted | |
643 {not in Vi} | |
644 | |
645 [g] Replace all occurrences in the line. Without this argument, | |
646 replacement occurs only for the first occurrence in each line. If | |
647 the 'edcompatible' option is on, Vim remembers this flag and toggles | |
648 it each time you use it, but resets it when you give a new search | |
649 pattern. If the 'gdefault' option is on, this flag is on by default | |
650 and the [g] argument switches it off. | |
651 | |
652 [i] Ignore case for the pattern. The 'ignorecase' and 'smartcase' options | |
653 are not used. | |
654 {not in Vi} | |
655 | |
656 [I] Don't ignore case for the pattern. The 'ignorecase' and 'smartcase' | |
657 options are not used. | |
658 {not in Vi} | |
659 | |
170 | 660 [n] Report the number of matches, do not actually substitute. The [c] |
661 flag is ignored. The matches are reported as if 'report' is zero. | |
662 Useful to |count-items|. | |
663 | |
7 | 664 [p] Print the line containing the last substitute. |
168 | 665 |
666 [#] Like [p] and prepend the line number. | |
667 | |
1121 | 668 [l] Like [p] but print the text like |:list|. |
7 | 669 |
3492 | 670 [r] Only useful in combination with `:&` or `:s` without arguments. `:&r` |
671 works the same way as `:~`: When the search pattern is empty, use the | |
7 | 672 previously used search pattern instead of the search pattern from the |
3492 | 673 last substitute or `:global`. If the last command that did a search |
674 was a substitute or `:global`, there is no effect. If the last | |
7 | 675 command was a search command such as "/", use the pattern from that |
676 command. | |
3492 | 677 For `:s` with an argument this already happens: > |
7 | 678 :s/blue/red/ |
679 /green | |
680 :s//red/ or :~ or :&r | |
681 < The last commands will replace "green" with "red". > | |
682 :s/blue/red/ | |
683 /green | |
684 :& | |
685 < The last command will replace "blue" with "red". | |
686 {not in Vi} | |
687 | |
688 Note that there is no flag to change the "magicness" of the pattern. A | |
1621 | 689 different command is used instead, or you can use |/\v| and friends. The |
690 reason is that the flags can only be found by skipping the pattern, and in | |
691 order to skip the pattern the "magicness" must be known. Catch 22! | |
7 | 692 |
693 If the {pattern} for the substitute command is empty, the command uses the | |
3492 | 694 pattern from the last substitute or `:global` command. If there is none, but |
2725 | 695 there is a previous search pattern, that one is used. With the [r] flag, the |
3492 | 696 command uses the pattern from the last substitute, `:global`, or search |
7 | 697 command. |
698 | |
1121 | 699 If the {string} is omitted the substitute is done as if it's empty. Thus the |
700 matched pattern is deleted. The separator after {pattern} can also be left | |
701 out then. Example: > | |
702 :%s/TESTING | |
703 This deletes "TESTING" from all lines, but only one per line. | |
704 | |
7 | 705 For compatibility with Vi these two exceptions are allowed: |
706 "\/{string}/" and "\?{string}?" do the same as "//{string}/r". | |
707 "\&{string}&" does the same as "//{string}/". | |
708 *E146* | |
709 Instead of the '/' which surrounds the pattern and replacement string, you | |
1121 | 710 can use any other single-byte character, but not an alphanumeric character, |
711 '\', '"' or '|'. This is useful if you want to include a '/' in the search | |
712 pattern or replacement string. Example: > | |
7 | 713 :s+/+//+ |
714 | |
1621 | 715 For the definition of a pattern, see |pattern|. In Visual block mode, use |
716 |/\%V| in the pattern to have the substitute work in the block only. | |
717 Otherwise it works on whole lines anyway. | |
7 | 718 |
719 *sub-replace-special* *:s\=* | |
720 When the {string} starts with "\=" it is evaluated as an expression, see | |
2908 | 721 |sub-replace-expression|. You can use that for complex replacement or special |
722 characters. | |
723 | |
452 | 724 Otherwise these characters in {string} have a special meaning: |
168 | 725 *:s%* |
843 | 726 When {string} is equal to "%" and '/' is included with the 'cpoptions' option, |
2908 | 727 then the {string} of the previous substitute command is used, see |cpo-/| |
7 | 728 |
729 magic nomagic action ~ | |
730 & \& replaced with the whole matched pattern *s/\&* | |
731 \& & replaced with & | |
732 \0 replaced with the whole matched pattern *\0* *s/\0* | |
733 \1 replaced with the matched pattern in the first | |
734 pair of () *s/\1* | |
26 | 735 \2 replaced with the matched pattern in the second |
7 | 736 pair of () *s/\2* |
737 .. .. *s/\3* | |
738 \9 replaced with the matched pattern in the ninth | |
739 pair of () *s/\9* | |
740 ~ \~ replaced with the {string} of the previous | |
741 substitute *s~* | |
742 \~ ~ replaced with ~ *s/\~* | |
743 \u next character made uppercase *s/\u* | |
744 \U following characters made uppercase, until \E *s/\U* | |
745 \l next character made lowercase *s/\l* | |
746 \L following characters made lowercase, until \E *s/\L* | |
747 \e end of \u, \U, \l and \L (NOTE: not <Esc>!) *s/\e* | |
748 \E end of \u, \U, \l and \L *s/\E* | |
749 <CR> split line in two at this point | |
750 (Type the <CR> as CTRL-V <Enter>) *s<CR>* | |
751 \r idem *s/\r* | |
752 \<CR> insert a carriage-return (CTRL-M) | |
753 (Type the <CR> as CTRL-V <Enter>) *s/\<CR>* | |
754 \n insert a <NL> (<NUL> in the file) | |
755 (does NOT break the line) *s/\n* | |
756 \b insert a <BS> *s/\b* | |
757 \t insert a <Tab> *s/\t* | |
758 \\ insert a single backslash *s/\\* | |
759 \x where x is any character not mentioned above: | |
760 Reserved for future expansion | |
761 | |
2908 | 762 The special meaning is also used inside the third argument {sub} of |
763 the |substitute()| function with the following exceptions: | |
764 - A % inserts a percent literally without regard to 'cpoptions'. | |
765 - magic is always set without regard to 'magic'. | |
766 - A ~ inserts a tilde literally. | |
767 - <CR> and \r inserts a carriage-return (CTRL-M). | |
768 - \<CR> does not have a special meaning. it's just one of \x. | |
769 | |
7 | 770 Examples: > |
771 :s/a\|b/xxx\0xxx/g modifies "a b" to "xxxaxxx xxxbxxx" | |
772 :s/\([abc]\)\([efg]\)/\2\1/g modifies "af fa bg" to "fa fa gb" | |
773 :s/abcde/abc^Mde/ modifies "abcde" to "abc", "de" (two lines) | |
774 :s/$/\^M/ modifies "abcde" to "abcde^M" | |
772 | 775 :s/\w\+/\u\0/g modifies "bla bla" to "Bla Bla" |
7 | 776 |
777 Note: In previous versions CTRL-V was handled in a special way. Since this is | |
778 not Vi compatible, this was removed. Use a backslash instead. | |
779 | |
780 command text result ~ | |
781 :s/aa/a^Ma/ aa a<line-break>a | |
782 :s/aa/a\^Ma/ aa a^Ma | |
783 :s/aa/a\\^Ma/ aa a\<line-break>a | |
784 | |
785 (you need to type CTRL-V <CR> to get a ^M here) | |
786 | |
787 The numbering of "\1", "\2" etc. is done based on which "\(" comes first in | |
788 the pattern (going left to right). When a parentheses group matches several | |
789 times, the last one will be used for "\1", "\2", etc. Example: > | |
790 :s/\(\(a[a-d] \)*\)/\2/ modifies "aa ab x" to "ab x" | |
791 | |
792 When using parentheses in combination with '|', like in \([ab]\)\|\([cd]\), | |
793 either the first or second pattern in parentheses did not match, so either | |
794 \1 or \2 is empty. Example: > | |
795 :s/\([ab]\)\|\([cd]\)/\1x/g modifies "a b c d" to "ax bx x x" | |
796 < | |
797 | |
798 Substitute with an expression *sub-replace-expression* | |
270 | 799 *sub-replace-\=* |
800 When the substitute string starts with "\=" the remainder is interpreted as an | |
2908 | 801 expression. This does not work recursively: a |substitute()| function inside |
7 | 802 the expression cannot use "\=" for the substitute string. |
803 | |
804 The special meaning for characters as mentioned at |sub-replace-special| does | |
2908 | 805 not apply except for "<CR>". A <NL> character is used as a line break, you |
806 can get one with a double-quote string: "\n". Prepend a backslash to get a | |
807 real <NL> character (which will be a NUL in the file). | |
7 | 808 |
2908 | 809 The "\=" notation can also be used inside the third argument {sub} of |
810 |substitute()| function. In this case, the special meaning for characters as | |
811 mentioned at |sub-replace-special| does not apply at all. Especially, <CR> and | |
812 <NL> are interpreted not as a line break but as a carriage-return and a | |
813 new-line respectively. | |
7 | 814 |
714 | 815 When the result is a |List| then the items are joined with separating line |
816 breaks. Thus each item becomes a line, except that they can contain line | |
817 breaks themselves. | |
818 | |
7 | 819 The whole matched text can be accessed with "submatch(0)". The text matched |
820 with the first pair of () with "submatch(1)". Likewise for further | |
821 sub-matches in (). | |
822 | |
823 Be careful: The separation character must not appear in the expression! | |
824 Consider using a character like "@" or ":". There is no problem if the result | |
825 of the expression contains the separation character. | |
826 | |
452 | 827 Examples: > |
7 | 828 :s@\n@\="\r" . expand("$HOME") . "\r"@ |
452 | 829 This replaces an end-of-line with a new line containing the value of $HOME. > |
830 | |
831 s/E/\="\<Char-0x20ac>"/g | |
1668 | 832 This replaces each 'E' character with a euro sign. Read more in |<Char->|. |
7 | 833 |
834 | |
32 | 835 4.3 Search and replace *search-replace* |
836 | |
837 *:pro* *:promptfind* | |
7 | 838 :promptf[ind] [string] |
839 Put up a Search dialog. When [string] is given, it is | |
840 used as the initial search string. | |
841 {only for Win32, Motif and GTK GUI} | |
842 | |
843 *:promptr* *:promptrepl* | |
844 :promptr[epl] [string] | |
845 Put up a Search/Replace dialog. When [string] is | |
846 given, it is used as the initial search string. | |
847 {only for Win32, Motif and GTK GUI} | |
848 | |
32 | 849 |
850 4.4 Changing tabs *change-tabs* | |
3492 | 851 *:ret* *:retab* *:retab!* |
7 | 852 :[range]ret[ab][!] [new_tabstop] |
853 Replace all sequences of white-space containing a | |
854 <Tab> with new strings of white-space using the new | |
855 tabstop value given. If you do not specify a new | |
856 tabstop size or it is zero, Vim uses the current value | |
857 of 'tabstop'. | |
858 The current value of 'tabstop' is always used to | |
859 compute the width of existing tabs. | |
860 With !, Vim also replaces strings of only normal | |
861 spaces with tabs where appropriate. | |
862 With 'expandtab' on, Vim replaces all tabs with the | |
863 appropriate number of spaces. | |
864 This command sets 'tabstop' to the new value given, | |
865 and if performed on the whole file, which is default, | |
866 should not make any visible change. | |
867 Careful: This command modifies any <Tab> characters | |
868 inside of strings in a C program. Use "\t" to avoid | |
869 this (that's a good habit anyway). | |
3492 | 870 `:retab!` may also change a sequence of spaces by |
7 | 871 <Tab> characters, which can mess up a printf(). |
872 {not in Vi} | |
873 Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at | |
874 compile time. | |
875 | |
876 *retab-example* | |
877 Example for using autocommands and ":retab" to edit a file which is stored | |
878 with tabstops at 8 but edited with tabstops set at 4. Warning: white space | |
879 inside of strings can change! Also see 'softtabstop' option. > | |
880 | |
881 :auto BufReadPost *.xx retab! 4 | |
882 :auto BufWritePre *.xx retab! 8 | |
883 :auto BufWritePost *.xx retab! 4 | |
884 :auto BufNewFile *.xx set ts=4 | |
885 | |
886 ============================================================================== | |
887 5. Copying and moving text *copy-move* | |
888 | |
889 *quote* | |
890 "{a-zA-Z0-9.%#:-"} Use register {a-zA-Z0-9.%#:-"} for next delete, yank | |
891 or put (use uppercase character to append with | |
892 delete and yank) ({.%#:} only work with put). | |
893 | |
894 *:reg* *:registers* | |
895 :reg[isters] Display the contents of all numbered and named | |
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896 registers. If a register is written to for |:redir| |
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897 it will not be listed. |
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898 {not in Vi} |
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899 |
7 | 900 |
901 :reg[isters] {arg} Display the contents of the numbered and named | |
902 registers that are mentioned in {arg}. For example: > | |
903 :dis 1a | |
904 < to display registers '1' and 'a'. Spaces are allowed | |
905 in {arg}. {not in Vi} | |
906 | |
907 *:di* *:display* | |
908 :di[splay] [arg] Same as :registers. {not in Vi} | |
909 | |
910 *y* *yank* | |
911 ["x]y{motion} Yank {motion} text [into register x]. When no | |
912 characters are to be yanked (e.g., "y0" in column 1), | |
913 this is an error when 'cpoptions' includes the 'E' | |
914 flag. | |
915 | |
916 *yy* | |
917 ["x]yy Yank [count] lines [into register x] |linewise|. | |
918 | |
919 *Y* | |
920 ["x]Y yank [count] lines [into register x] (synonym for | |
921 yy, |linewise|). If you like "Y" to work from the | |
922 cursor to the end of line (which is more logical, | |
923 but not Vi-compatible) use ":map Y y$". | |
924 | |
925 *v_y* | |
926 {Visual}["x]y Yank the highlighted text [into register x] (for | |
927 {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
928 | |
929 *v_Y* | |
930 {Visual}["x]Y Yank the highlighted lines [into register x] (for | |
931 {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
932 | |
2791 | 933 *:y* *:yank* *E850* |
934 :[range]y[ank] [x] Yank [range] lines [into register x]. Yanking to the | |
2826 | 935 "* or "+ registers is possible only when the |
936 |+clipboard| feature is included. | |
7 | 937 |
938 :[range]y[ank] [x] {count} | |
939 Yank {count} lines, starting with last line number | |
940 in [range] (default: current line |cmdline-ranges|), | |
941 [into register x]. | |
942 | |
943 *p* *put* *E353* | |
944 ["x]p Put the text [from register x] after the cursor | |
945 [count] times. {Vi: no count} | |
946 | |
947 *P* | |
948 ["x]P Put the text [from register x] before the cursor | |
949 [count] times. {Vi: no count} | |
950 | |
951 *<MiddleMouse>* | |
952 ["x]<MiddleMouse> Put the text from a register before the cursor [count] | |
953 times. Uses the "* register, unless another is | |
856 | 954 specified. |
36 | 955 Leaves the cursor at the end of the new text. |
956 Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n' | |
957 or 'a'. | |
7 | 958 {not in Vi} |
959 If you have a scrollwheel and often accidentally paste | |
960 text, you can use these mappings to disable the | |
961 pasting with the middle mouse button: > | |
962 :map <MiddleMouse> <Nop> | |
963 :imap <MiddleMouse> <Nop> | |
964 < You might want to disable the multi-click versions | |
965 too, see |double-click|. | |
966 | |
967 *gp* | |
968 ["x]gp Just like "p", but leave the cursor just after the new | |
969 text. {not in Vi} | |
970 | |
971 *gP* | |
972 ["x]gP Just like "P", but leave the cursor just after the new | |
973 text. {not in Vi} | |
974 | |
975 *:pu* *:put* | |
976 :[line]pu[t] [x] Put the text [from register x] after [line] (default | |
977 current line). This always works |linewise|, thus | |
978 this command can be used to put a yanked block as new | |
979 lines. | |
3492 | 980 If no register is specified, it depends on the 'cb' |
981 option: If 'cb' contains "unnamedplus", paste from the | |
982 + register |quoteplus|. Otherwise, if 'cb' contains | |
983 "unnamed", paste from the * register |quote_star|. | |
984 Otherwise, paste from the unnamed register | |
985 |quote_quote|. | |
7 | 986 The register can also be '=' followed by an optional |
987 expression. The expression continues until the end of | |
988 the command. You need to escape the '|' and '"' | |
989 characters to prevent them from terminating the | |
990 command. Example: > | |
991 :put ='path' . \",/test\" | |
992 < If there is no expression after '=', Vim uses the | |
993 previous expression. You can see it with ":dis =". | |
994 | |
995 :[line]pu[t]! [x] Put the text [from register x] before [line] (default | |
996 current line). | |
997 | |
998 ["x]]p or *]p* *]<MiddleMouse>* | |
999 ["x]]<MiddleMouse> Like "p", but adjust the indent to the current line. | |
1000 Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n' | |
1001 or 'a'. {not in Vi} | |
1002 | |
1003 ["x][P or *[P* | |
1004 ["x]]P or *]P* | |
1005 ["x][p or *[p* *[<MiddleMouse>* | |
1006 ["x][<MiddleMouse> Like "P", but adjust the indent to the current line. | |
1007 Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n' | |
1008 or 'a'. {not in Vi} | |
1009 | |
1010 You can use these commands to copy text from one place to another. Do this | |
1011 by first getting the text into a register with a yank, delete or change | |
1012 command, then inserting the register contents with a put command. You can | |
1013 also use these commands to move text from one file to another, because Vim | |
1014 preserves all registers when changing buffers (the CTRL-^ command is a quick | |
1015 way to toggle between two files). | |
1016 | |
1017 *linewise-register* *characterwise-register* | |
1018 You can repeat the put commands with "." (except for :put) and undo them. If | |
1019 the command that was used to get the text into the register was |linewise|, | |
1020 Vim inserts the text below ("p") or above ("P") the line where the cursor is. | |
1021 Otherwise Vim inserts the text after ("p") or before ("P") the cursor. With | |
1022 the ":put" command, Vim always inserts the text in the next line. You can | |
1023 exchange two characters with the command sequence "xp". You can exchange two | |
1024 lines with the command sequence "ddp". You can exchange two words with the | |
1025 command sequence "deep" (start with the cursor in the blank space before the | |
1026 first word). You can use the "']" or "`]" command after the put command to | |
1027 move the cursor to the end of the inserted text, or use "'[" or "`[" to move | |
1028 the cursor to the start. | |
1029 | |
1030 *put-Visual-mode* *v_p* *v_P* | |
1031 When using a put command like |p| or |P| in Visual mode, Vim will try to | |
1032 replace the selected text with the contents of the register. Whether this | |
1033 works well depends on the type of selection and the type of the text in the | |
1034 register. With blockwise selection it also depends on the size of the block | |
236 | 1035 and whether the corners are on an existing character. (Implementation detail: |
7 | 1036 it actually works by first putting the register after the selection and then |
236 | 1037 deleting the selection.) |
2033
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1038 The previously selected text is put in the unnamed register. If you want to |
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1039 put the same text into a Visual selection several times you need to use |
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1040 another register. E.g., yank the text to copy, Visually select the text to |
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1041 replace and use "0p . You can repeat this as many times as you like, the |
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1042 unnamed register will be changed each time. |
7 | 1043 |
1044 *blockwise-register* | |
1045 If you use a blockwise Visual mode command to get the text into the register, | |
1046 the block of text will be inserted before ("P") or after ("p") the cursor | |
1047 column in the current and next lines. Vim makes the whole block of text start | |
1048 in the same column. Thus the inserted text looks the same as when it was | |
1049 yanked or deleted. Vim may replace some <Tab> characters with spaces to make | |
1050 this happen. However, if the width of the block is not a multiple of a <Tab> | |
1051 width and the text after the inserted block contains <Tab>s, that text may be | |
1052 misaligned. | |
1053 | |
1054 Note that after a characterwise yank command, Vim leaves the cursor on the | |
1055 first yanked character that is closest to the start of the buffer. This means | |
1056 that "yl" doesn't move the cursor, but "yh" moves the cursor one character | |
1057 left. | |
1058 Rationale: In Vi the "y" command followed by a backwards motion would | |
1059 sometimes not move the cursor to the first yanked character, | |
1060 because redisplaying was skipped. In Vim it always moves to | |
1061 the first character, as specified by Posix. | |
1062 With a linewise yank command the cursor is put in the first line, but the | |
1063 column is unmodified, thus it may not be on the first yanked character. | |
1064 | |
1065 There are nine types of registers: *registers* *E354* | |
1066 1. The unnamed register "" | |
1067 2. 10 numbered registers "0 to "9 | |
1068 3. The small delete register "- | |
1069 4. 26 named registers "a to "z or "A to "Z | |
1070 5. four read-only registers ":, "., "% and "# | |
1071 6. the expression register "= | |
1072 7. The selection and drop registers "*, "+ and "~ | |
1073 8. The black hole register "_ | |
1074 9. Last search pattern register "/ | |
1075 | |
1076 1. Unnamed register "" *quote_quote* *quotequote* | |
1077 Vim fills this register with text deleted with the "d", "c", "s", "x" commands | |
1078 or copied with the yank "y" command, regardless of whether or not a specific | |
8 | 1079 register was used (e.g. "xdd). This is like the unnamed register is pointing |
2033
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1080 to the last used register. Thus when appending using an uppercase register |
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1081 name, the unnamed register contains the same text as the named register. |
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1082 An exception is the '_' register: "_dd does not store the deleted text in any |
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1083 register. |
42 | 1084 Vim uses the contents of the unnamed register for any put command (p or P) |
1085 which does not specify a register. Additionally you can access it with the | |
1086 name '"'. This means you have to type two double quotes. Writing to the "" | |
1087 register writes to register "0. | |
7 | 1088 {Vi: register contents are lost when changing files, no '"'} |
1089 | |
1090 2. Numbered registers "0 to "9 *quote_number* *quote0* *quote1* | |
1091 *quote2* *quote3* *quote4* *quote9* | |
1092 Vim fills these registers with text from yank and delete commands. | |
1093 Numbered register 0 contains the text from the most recent yank command, | |
1094 unless the command specified another register with ["x]. | |
1095 Numbered register 1 contains the text deleted by the most recent delete or | |
1096 change command, unless the command specified another register or the text is | |
1097 less than one line (the small delete register is used then). An exception is | |
42 | 1098 made for the delete operator with these movement commands: |%|, |(|, |)|, |`|, |
1099 |/|, |?|, |n|, |N|, |{| and |}|. Register "1 is always used then (this is Vi | |
1100 compatible). The "- register is used as well if the delete is within a line. | |
7 | 1101 With each successive deletion or change, Vim shifts the previous contents |
1102 of register 1 into register 2, 2 into 3, and so forth, losing the previous | |
1103 contents of register 9. | |
1104 {Vi: numbered register contents are lost when changing files; register 0 does | |
1105 not exist} | |
1106 | |
1107 3. Small delete register "- *quote_-* *quote-* | |
1108 This register contains text from commands that delete less than one line, | |
1109 except when the command specifies a register with ["x]. | |
1110 {not in Vi} | |
1111 | |
1112 4. Named registers "a to "z or "A to "Z *quote_alpha* *quotea* | |
1113 Vim fills these registers only when you say so. Specify them as lowercase | |
1114 letters to replace their previous contents or as uppercase letters to append | |
164 | 1115 to their previous contents. When the '>' flag is present in 'cpoptions' then |
1116 a line break is inserted before the appended text. | |
7 | 1117 |
1118 5. Read-only registers ":, "., "% and "# | |
1119 These are '%', '#', ':' and '.'. You can use them only with the "p", "P", | |
1120 and ":put" commands and with CTRL-R. {not in Vi} | |
1121 *quote_.* *quote.* *E29* | |
1122 ". Contains the last inserted text (the same as what is inserted | |
1123 with the insert mode commands CTRL-A and CTRL-@). Note: this | |
1124 doesn't work with CTRL-R on the command-line. It works a bit | |
1125 differently, like inserting the text instead of putting it | |
1126 ('textwidth' and other options affect what is inserted). | |
1127 *quote_%* *quote%* | |
1128 "% Contains the name of the current file. | |
1129 *quote_#* *quote#* | |
1130 "# Contains the name of the alternate file. | |
1131 *quote_:* *quote:* *E30* | |
1132 ": Contains the most recent executed command-line. Example: Use | |
1133 "@:" to repeat the previous command-line command. | |
1134 The command-line is only stored in this register when at least | |
1135 one character of it was typed. Thus it remains unchanged if | |
1136 the command was completely from a mapping. | |
1137 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist| | |
1138 feature} | |
1139 | |
1121 | 1140 6. Expression register "= *quote_=* *quote=* *@=* |
7 | 1141 This is not really a register that stores text, but is a way to use an |
1142 expression in commands which use a register. The expression register is | |
1143 read-only; you cannot put text into it. After the '=', the cursor moves to | |
1144 the command-line, where you can enter any expression (see |expression|). All | |
1145 normal command-line editing commands are available, including a special | |
1146 history for expressions. When you end the command-line by typing <CR>, Vim | |
1147 computes the result of the expression. If you end it with <Esc>, Vim abandons | |
1148 the expression. If you do not enter an expression, Vim uses the previous | |
2033
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1149 expression (like with the "/" command). |
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1150 |
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1151 The expression must evaluate to a String. A Number is always automatically |
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1152 converted to a String. For the "p" and ":put" command, if the result is a |
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1153 Float it's converted into a String. If the result is a List each element is |
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1154 turned into a String and used as a line. A Dictionary or FuncRef results in |
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1155 an error message (use string() to convert). |
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1156 |
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1157 If the "= register is used for the "p" command, the String is split up at <NL> |
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1158 characters. If the String ends in a <NL>, it is regarded as a linewise |
332 | 1159 register. {not in Vi} |
7 | 1160 |
1161 7. Selection and drop registers "*, "+ and "~ | |
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1162 Use these registers for storing and retrieving the selected text for the GUI. |
7 | 1163 See |quotestar| and |quoteplus|. When the clipboard is not available or not |
571 | 1164 working, the unnamed register is used instead. For Unix systems the clipboard |
1165 is only available when the |+xterm_clipboard| feature is present. {not in Vi} | |
7 | 1166 |
1167 Note that there is only a distinction between "* and "+ for X11 systems. For | |
1168 an explanation of the difference, see |x11-selection|. Under MS-Windows, use | |
1169 of "* and "+ is actually synonymous and refers to the |gui-clipboard|. | |
1170 | |
1171 *quote_~* *quote~* *<Drop>* | |
1172 The read-only "~ register stores the dropped text from the last drag'n'drop | |
1173 operation. When something has been dropped onto Vim, the "~ register is | |
1174 filled in and the <Drop> pseudo key is sent for notification. You can remap | |
1175 this key if you want; the default action (for all modes) is to insert the | |
1176 contents of the "~ register at the cursor position. {not in Vi} | |
9 | 1177 {only available when compiled with the |+dnd| feature, currently only with the |
7 | 1178 GTK GUI} |
1179 | |
1180 Note: The "~ register is only used when dropping plain text onto Vim. | |
1181 Drag'n'drop of URI lists is handled internally. | |
1182 | |
1183 8. Black hole register "_ *quote_* | |
1184 When writing to this register, nothing happens. This can be used to delete | |
1185 text without affecting the normal registers. When reading from this register, | |
1186 nothing is returned. {not in Vi} | |
1187 | |
1188 9. Last search pattern register "/ *quote_/* *quote/* | |
1189 Contains the most recent search-pattern. This is used for "n" and 'hlsearch'. | |
3492 | 1190 It is writable with `:let`, you can change it to have 'hlsearch' highlight |
7 | 1191 other matches without actually searching. You can't yank or delete into this |
1621 | 1192 register. The search direction is available in |v:searchforward|. |
1193 Note that the valued is restored when returning from a function | |
1194 |function-search-undo|. | |
1195 {not in Vi} | |
7 | 1196 |
1197 *@/* | |
3492 | 1198 You can write to a register with a `:let` command |:let-@|. Example: > |
7 | 1199 :let @/ = "the" |
1200 | |
1201 If you use a put command without specifying a register, Vim uses the register | |
1202 that was last filled (this is also the contents of the unnamed register). If | |
3492 | 1203 you are confused, use the `:dis` command to find out what Vim will put (this |
7 | 1204 command displays all named and numbered registers; the unnamed register is |
1205 labelled '"'). | |
1206 | |
1207 The next three commands always work on whole lines. | |
1208 | |
1209 :[range]co[py] {address} *:co* *:copy* | |
1210 Copy the lines given by [range] to below the line | |
1211 given by {address}. | |
1212 | |
1213 *:t* | |
1214 :t Synonym for copy. | |
1215 | |
1216 :[range]m[ove] {address} *:m* *:mo* *:move* *E134* | |
1217 Move the lines given by [range] to below the line | |
1218 given by {address}. | |
1219 | |
1220 ============================================================================== | |
1221 6. Formatting text *formatting* | |
1222 | |
1223 :[range]ce[nter] [width] *:ce* *:center* | |
1224 Center lines in [range] between [width] columns | |
1225 (default 'textwidth' or 80 when 'textwidth' is 0). | |
1226 {not in Vi} | |
1227 Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at | |
1228 compile time. | |
1229 | |
1230 :[range]ri[ght] [width] *:ri* *:right* | |
1231 Right-align lines in [range] at [width] columns | |
1232 (default 'textwidth' or 80 when 'textwidth' is 0). | |
1233 {not in Vi} | |
1234 Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at | |
1235 compile time. | |
1236 | |
1237 *:le* *:left* | |
1238 :[range]le[ft] [indent] | |
1239 Left-align lines in [range]. Sets the indent in the | |
1240 lines to [indent] (default 0). {not in Vi} | |
1241 Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at | |
1242 compile time. | |
1243 | |
1244 *gq* | |
216 | 1245 gq{motion} Format the lines that {motion} moves over. |
667 | 1246 Formatting is done with one of three methods: |
1247 1. If 'formatexpr' is not empty the expression is | |
1248 evaluated. This can differ for each buffer. | |
670 | 1249 2. If 'formatprg' is not empty an external program |
667 | 1250 is used. |
843 | 1251 3. Otherwise formatting is done internally. |
667 | 1252 |
1253 In the third case the 'textwidth' option controls the | |
1254 length of each formatted line (see below). | |
216 | 1255 If the 'textwidth' option is 0, the formatted line |
1256 length is the screen width (with a maximum width of | |
667 | 1257 79). |
7 | 1258 The 'formatoptions' option controls the type of |
1259 formatting |fo-table|. | |
216 | 1260 The cursor is left on the first non-blank of the last |
1261 formatted line. | |
7 | 1262 NOTE: The "Q" command formerly performed this |
1263 function. If you still want to use "Q" for | |
1264 formatting, use this mapping: > | |
1265 :nnoremap Q gq | |
1266 | |
1267 gqgq *gqgq* *gqq* | |
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1268 gqq Format the current line. With a count format that |
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1269 many lines. {not in Vi} |
7 | 1270 |
1271 *v_gq* | |
1272 {Visual}gq Format the highlighted text. (for {Visual} see | |
1273 |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
1274 | |
1275 *gw* | |
1276 gw{motion} Format the lines that {motion} moves over. Similar to | |
1277 |gq| but puts the cursor back at the same position in | |
667 | 1278 the text. However, 'formatprg' and 'formatexpr' are |
1279 not used. {not in Vi} | |
7 | 1280 |
9 | 1281 gwgw *gwgw* *gww* |
1282 gww Format the current line as with "gw". {not in Vi} | |
1283 | |
1284 *v_gw* | |
1285 {Visual}gw Format the highlighted text as with "gw". (for | |
1286 {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi} | |
1287 | |
7 | 1288 Example: To format the current paragraph use: *gqap* > |
1289 gqap | |
1290 | |
1291 The "gq" command leaves the cursor in the line where the motion command takes | |
1292 the cursor. This allows you to repeat formatting repeated with ".". This | |
1293 works well with "gqj" (format current and next line) and "gq}" (format until | |
1294 end of paragraph). Note: When 'formatprg' is set, "gq" leaves the cursor on | |
1295 the first formatted line (as with using a filter command). | |
1296 | |
1297 If you want to format the current paragraph and continue where you were, use: > | |
1298 gwap | |
1299 If you always want to keep paragraphs formatted you may want to add the 'a' | |
1300 flag to 'formatoptions'. See |auto-format|. | |
1301 | |
1302 If the 'autoindent' option is on, Vim uses the indent of the first line for | |
1303 the following lines. | |
1304 | |
1305 Formatting does not change empty lines (but it does change lines with only | |
1306 white space!). | |
1307 | |
1308 The 'joinspaces' option is used when lines are joined together. | |
1309 | |
667 | 1310 You can set the 'formatexpr' option to an expression or the 'formatprg' option |
1311 to the name of an external program for Vim to use for text formatting. The | |
1312 'textwidth' and other options have no effect on formatting by an external | |
1313 program. | |
7 | 1314 |
1315 *right-justify* | |
1316 There is no command in Vim to right justify text. You can do it with | |
1317 an external command, like "par" (e.g.: "!}par" to format until the end of the | |
1318 paragraph) or set 'formatprg' to "par". | |
1319 | |
1320 *format-comments* | |
1621 | 1321 An overview of comment formatting is in section |30.6| of the user manual. |
1322 | |
1323 Vim can automatically insert and format comments in a special way. Vim | |
1324 recognizes a comment by a specific string at the start of the line (ignoring | |
1325 white space). Three types of comments can be used: | |
7 | 1326 |
1327 - A comment string that repeats at the start of each line. An example is the | |
1328 type of comment used in shell scripts, starting with "#". | |
1329 - A comment string that occurs only in the first line, not in the following | |
1330 lines. An example is this list with dashes. | |
1331 - Three-piece comments that have a start string, an end string, and optional | |
1332 lines in between. The strings for the start, middle and end are different. | |
1621 | 1333 An example is the C style comment: |
7 | 1334 /* |
1335 * this is a C comment | |
1336 */ | |
1337 | |
1338 The 'comments' option is a comma-separated list of parts. Each part defines a | |
1339 type of comment string. A part consists of: | |
1340 {flags}:{string} | |
1341 | |
1342 {string} is the literal text that must appear. | |
1343 | |
1344 {flags}: | |
1345 n Nested comment. Nesting with mixed parts is allowed. If 'comments' | |
1346 is "n:),n:>" a line starting with "> ) >" is a comment. | |
1347 | |
1348 b Blank (<Space>, <Tab> or <EOL>) required after {string}. | |
1349 | |
1350 f Only the first line has the comment string. Do not repeat comment on | |
1351 the next line, but preserve indentation (e.g., a bullet-list). | |
1352 | |
1353 s Start of three-piece comment | |
1354 | |
1355 m Middle of a three-piece comment | |
1356 | |
1357 e End of a three-piece comment | |
1358 | |
1621 | 1359 l Left align. Used together with 's' or 'e', the leftmost character of |
1360 start or end will line up with the leftmost character from the middle. | |
1361 This is the default and can be omitted. See below for more details. | |
7 | 1362 |
1621 | 1363 r Right align. Same as above but rightmost instead of leftmost. See |
1364 below for more details. | |
7 | 1365 |
1621 | 1366 O Don't consider this comment for the "O" command. |
7 | 1367 |
1368 x Allows three-piece comments to be ended by just typing the last | |
1621 | 1369 character of the end-comment string as the first action on a new |
1370 line when the middle-comment string has been inserted automatically. | |
1371 See below for more details. | |
7 | 1372 |
1373 {digits} | |
1621 | 1374 When together with 's' or 'e': add {digit} amount of offset to an |
1375 automatically inserted middle or end comment leader. The offset begins | |
1376 from a left alignment. See below for more details. | |
7 | 1377 |
1378 -{digits} | |
1379 Like {digits} but reduce the indent. This only works when there is | |
1380 some indent for the start or end part that can be removed. | |
1381 | |
1382 When a string has none of the 'f', 's', 'm' or 'e' flags, Vim assumes the | |
1383 comment string repeats at the start of each line. The flags field may be | |
1384 empty. | |
1385 | |
1386 Any blank space in the text before and after the {string} is part of the | |
1387 {string}, so do not include leading or trailing blanks unless the blanks are a | |
1388 required part of the comment string. | |
1389 | |
1390 When one comment leader is part of another, specify the part after the whole. | |
1391 For example, to include both "-" and "->", use > | |
1392 :set comments=f:->,f:- | |
1393 | |
1394 A three-piece comment must always be given as start,middle,end, with no other | |
1395 parts in between. An example of a three-piece comment is > | |
1396 sr:/*,mb:*,ex:*/ | |
1397 for C-comments. To avoid recognizing "*ptr" as a comment, the middle string | |
1398 includes the 'b' flag. For three-piece comments, Vim checks the text after | |
1399 the start and middle strings for the end string. If Vim finds the end string, | |
1400 the comment does not continue on the next line. Three-piece comments must | |
1401 have a middle string because otherwise Vim can't recognize the middle lines. | |
1402 | |
1403 Notice the use of the "x" flag in the above three-piece comment definition. | |
1404 When you hit Return in a C-comment, Vim will insert the middle comment leader | |
1621 | 1405 for the new line: " * ". To close this comment you just have to type "/" |
7 | 1406 before typing anything else on the new line. This will replace the |
1621 | 1407 middle-comment leader with the end-comment leader and apply any specified |
1408 alignment, leaving just " */". There is no need to hit BackSpace first. | |
1409 | |
2826 | 1410 When there is a match with a middle part, but there also is a maching end part |
1411 which is longer, the end part is used. This makes a C style comment work | |
1412 without requiring the middle part to end with a space. | |
1621 | 1413 |
1414 Here is an example of alignment flags at work to make a comment stand out | |
2826 | 1415 (kind of looks like a 1 too). Consider comment string: > |
1416 :set comments=sr:/***,m:**,ex-2:******/ | |
1417 < | |
1418 /*** ~ | |
1419 **<--right aligned from "r" flag ~ | |
1420 ** ~ | |
1421 offset 2 spaces for the "-2" flag--->** ~ | |
1422 ******/ ~ | |
1621 | 1423 In this case, the first comment was typed, then return was pressed 4 times, |
1424 then "/" was pressed to end the comment. | |
7 | 1425 |
1621 | 1426 Here are some finer points of three part comments. There are three times when |
1427 alignment and offset flags are taken into consideration: opening a new line | |
1428 after a start-comment, opening a new line before an end-comment, and | |
1429 automatically ending a three-piece comment. The end alignment flag has a | |
1430 backwards perspective; the result is that the same alignment flag used with | |
1431 "s" and "e" will result in the same indent for the starting and ending pieces. | |
1432 Only one alignment per comment part is meant to be used, but an offset number | |
1433 will override the "r" and "l" flag. | |
1434 | |
1435 Enabling 'cindent' will override the alignment flags in many cases. | |
1436 Reindenting using a different method like |gq| or |=| will not consult | |
1437 alignment flags either. The same behaviour can be defined in those other | |
1438 formatting options. One consideration is that 'cindent' has additional options | |
1439 for context based indenting of comments but cannot replicate many three piece | |
2826 | 1440 indent alignments. However, 'indentexpr' has the ability to work better with |
1441 three piece comments. | |
1621 | 1442 |
1443 Other examples: > | |
7 | 1444 "b:*" Includes lines starting with "*", but not if the "*" is |
1445 followed by a non-blank. This avoids a pointer dereference | |
1446 like "*str" to be recognized as a comment. | |
1447 "n:>" Includes a line starting with ">", ">>", ">>>", etc. | |
1448 "fb:-" Format a list that starts with "- ". | |
1449 | |
1450 By default, "b:#" is included. This means that a line that starts with | |
1451 "#include" is not recognized as a comment line. But a line that starts with | |
1452 "# define" is recognized. This is a compromise. | |
1453 | |
1454 {not available when compiled without the |+comments| feature} | |
1455 | |
1456 *fo-table* | |
1457 You can use the 'formatoptions' option to influence how Vim formats text. | |
1458 'formatoptions' is a string that can contain any of the letters below. The | |
1459 default setting is "tcq". You can separate the option letters with commas for | |
1460 readability. | |
1461 | |
1462 letter meaning when present in 'formatoptions' ~ | |
1463 | |
1121 | 1464 t Auto-wrap text using textwidth |
7 | 1465 c Auto-wrap comments using textwidth, inserting the current comment |
1466 leader automatically. | |
1467 r Automatically insert the current comment leader after hitting | |
1468 <Enter> in Insert mode. | |
1469 o Automatically insert the current comment leader after hitting 'o' or | |
1470 'O' in Normal mode. | |
1471 q Allow formatting of comments with "gq". | |
1472 Note that formatting will not change blank lines or lines containing | |
1473 only the comment leader. A new paragraph starts after such a line, | |
1474 or when the comment leader changes. | |
1475 w Trailing white space indicates a paragraph continues in the next line. | |
1476 A line that ends in a non-white character ends a paragraph. | |
1477 a Automatic formatting of paragraphs. Every time text is inserted or | |
1478 deleted the paragraph will be reformatted. See |auto-format|. | |
1479 When the 'c' flag is present this only happens for recognized | |
1480 comments. | |
41 | 1481 n When formatting text, recognize numbered lists. This actually uses |
1482 the 'formatlistpat' option, thus any kind of list can be used. The | |
1483 indent of the text after the number is used for the next line. The | |
1621 | 1484 default is to find a number, optionally followed by '.', ':', ')', |
41 | 1485 ']' or '}'. Note that 'autoindent' must be set too. Doesn't work |
1486 well together with "2". | |
7 | 1487 Example: > |
1488 1. the first item | |
1489 wraps | |
1490 2. the second item | |
1491 2 When formatting text, use the indent of the second line of a paragraph | |
1492 for the rest of the paragraph, instead of the indent of the first | |
1493 line. This supports paragraphs in which the first line has a | |
1494 different indent than the rest. Note that 'autoindent' must be set | |
1495 too. Example: > | |
1496 first line of a paragraph | |
1497 second line of the same paragraph | |
1498 third line. | |
1499 v Vi-compatible auto-wrapping in insert mode: Only break a line at a | |
1500 blank that you have entered during the current insert command. (Note: | |
1501 this is not 100% Vi compatible. Vi has some "unexpected features" or | |
1502 bugs in this area. It uses the screen column instead of the line | |
1503 column.) | |
1504 b Like 'v', but only auto-wrap if you enter a blank at or before | |
1505 the wrap margin. If the line was longer than 'textwidth' when you | |
1506 started the insert, or you do not enter a blank in the insert before | |
1507 reaching 'textwidth', Vim does not perform auto-wrapping. | |
1508 l Long lines are not broken in insert mode: When a line was longer than | |
1509 'textwidth' when the insert command started, Vim does not | |
1510 automatically format it. | |
1511 m Also break at a multi-byte character above 255. This is useful for | |
1512 Asian text where every character is a word on its own. | |
1513 M When joining lines, don't insert a space before or after a multi-byte | |
1514 character. Overrules the 'B' flag. | |
1515 B When joining lines, don't insert a space between two multi-byte | |
1516 characters. Overruled by the 'M' flag. | |
1517 1 Don't break a line after a one-letter word. It's broken before it | |
1518 instead (if possible). | |
1519 | |
1520 | |
1521 With 't' and 'c' you can specify when Vim performs auto-wrapping: | |
1522 value action ~ | |
1523 "" no automatic formatting (you can use "gq" for manual formatting) | |
1524 "t" automatic formatting of text, but not comments | |
1525 "c" automatic formatting for comments, but not text (good for C code) | |
1526 "tc" automatic formatting for text and comments | |
1527 | |
867 | 1528 Note that when 'textwidth' is 0, Vim does no automatic formatting anyway (but |
1529 does insert comment leaders according to the 'comments' option). An exception | |
1530 is when the 'a' flag is present. |auto-format| | |
7 | 1531 |
1532 Note that when 'paste' is on, Vim does no formatting at all. | |
1533 | |
1534 Note that 'textwidth' can be non-zero even if Vim never performs auto-wrapping; | |
1535 'textwidth' is still useful for formatting with "gq". | |
1536 | |
1537 If the 'comments' option includes "/*", "*" and/or "*/", then Vim has some | |
1538 built in stuff to treat these types of comments a bit more cleverly. | |
1539 Opening a new line before or after "/*" or "*/" (with 'r' or 'o' present in | |
1540 'formatoptions') gives the correct start of the line automatically. The same | |
236 | 1541 happens with formatting and auto-wrapping. Opening a line after a line |
7 | 1542 starting with "/*" or "*" and containing "*/", will cause no comment leader to |
1543 be inserted, and the indent of the new line is taken from the line containing | |
1544 the start of the comment. | |
1545 E.g.: | |
1546 /* ~ | |
1547 * Your typical comment. ~ | |
1548 */ ~ | |
1549 The indent on this line is the same as the start of the above | |
1550 comment. | |
1551 | |
1552 All of this should be really cool, especially in conjunction with the new | |
1553 :autocmd command to prepare different settings for different types of file. | |
1554 | |
1555 Some examples: | |
1556 for C code (only format comments): > | |
1557 :set fo=croq | |
1558 < for Mail/news (format all, don't start comment with "o" command): > | |
1559 :set fo=tcrq | |
1560 < | |
1561 | |
3492 | 1562 Automatic formatting *auto-format* *autoformat* |
7 | 1563 |
1564 When the 'a' flag is present in 'formatoptions' text is formatted | |
1565 automatically when inserting text or deleting text. This works nice for | |
1566 editing text paragraphs. A few hints on how to use this: | |
1567 | |
1568 - You need to properly define paragraphs. The simplest is paragraphs that are | |
1569 separated by a blank line. When there is no separating blank line, consider | |
1570 using the 'w' flag and adding a space at the end of each line in the | |
1571 paragraphs except the last one. | |
1572 | |
1573 - You can set the 'formatoptions' based on the type of file |filetype| or | |
1574 specifically for one file with a |modeline|. | |
1575 | |
1576 - Set 'formatoptions' to "aw2tq" to make text with indents like this: | |
1577 | |
1578 bla bla foobar bla | |
1579 bla foobar bla foobar bla | |
1580 bla bla foobar bla | |
1581 bla foobar bla bla foobar | |
1582 | |
1583 - Add the 'c' flag to only auto-format comments. Useful in source code. | |
1584 | |
867 | 1585 - Set 'textwidth' to the desired width. If it is zero then 79 is used, or the |
1586 width of the screen if this is smaller. | |
1587 | |
7 | 1588 And a few warnings: |
1589 | |
1590 - When part of the text is not properly separated in paragraphs, making | |
1591 changes in this text will cause it to be formatted anyway. Consider doing > | |
1592 | |
1593 :set fo-=a | |
1594 | |
1595 - When using the 'w' flag (trailing space means paragraph continues) and | |
1596 deleting the last line of a paragraph with |dd|, the paragraph will be | |
1597 joined with the next one. | |
1598 | |
1599 - Changed text is saved for undo. Formatting is also a change. Thus each | |
1600 format action saves text for undo. This may consume quite a lot of memory. | |
1601 | |
1602 - Formatting a long paragraph and/or with complicated indenting may be slow. | |
1603 | |
282 | 1604 ============================================================================== |
1605 7. Sorting text *sorting* | |
1606 | |
1607 Vim has a sorting function and a sorting command. The sorting function can be | |
1608 found here: |sort()|. | |
1609 | |
1610 *:sor* *:sort* | |
826 | 1611 :[range]sor[t][!] [i][u][r][n][x][o] [/{pattern}/] |
586 | 1612 Sort lines in [range]. When no range is given all |
1613 lines are sorted. | |
282 | 1614 |
1615 With [!] the order is reversed. | |
1616 | |
1617 With [i] case is ignored. | |
1618 | |
293 | 1619 With [n] sorting is done on the first decimal number |
826 | 1620 in the line (after or inside a {pattern} match). |
1698 | 1621 One leading '-' is included in the number. |
293 | 1622 |
1623 With [x] sorting is done on the first hexadecimal | |
826 | 1624 number in the line (after or inside a {pattern} |
1625 match). A leading "0x" or "0X" is ignored. | |
1698 | 1626 One leading '-' is included in the number. |
293 | 1627 |
1628 With [o] sorting is done on the first octal number in | |
826 | 1629 the line (after or inside a {pattern} match). |
293 | 1630 |
282 | 1631 With [u] only keep the first of a sequence of |
1632 identical lines (ignoring case when [i] is used). | |
826 | 1633 Without this flag, a sequence of identical lines |
1634 will be kept in their original order. | |
293 | 1635 Note that leading and trailing white space may cause |
1636 lines to be different. | |
282 | 1637 |
826 | 1638 When /{pattern}/ is specified and there is no [r] flag |
1639 the text matched with {pattern} is skipped, so that | |
1640 you sort on what comes after the match. | |
282 | 1641 Instead of the slash any non-letter can be used. |
1642 For example, to sort on the second comma-separated | |
1643 field: > | |
1644 :sort /[^,]*,/ | |
1645 < To sort on the text at virtual column 10 (thus | |
1646 ignoring the difference between tabs and spaces): > | |
1647 :sort /.*\%10v/ | |
824 | 1648 < To sort on the first number in the line, no matter |
1649 what is in front of it: > | |
1621 | 1650 :sort /.\{-}\ze\d/ |
1651 < (Explanation: ".\{-}" matches any text, "\ze" sets the | |
1652 end of the match and \d matches a digit.) | |
1653 With [r] sorting is done on the matching {pattern} | |
826 | 1654 instead of skipping past it as described above. |
1655 For example, to sort on only the first three letters | |
1656 of each line: > | |
1657 :sort /\a\a\a/ r | |
1658 | |
1659 < If a {pattern} is used, any lines which don't have a | |
1660 match for {pattern} are kept in their current order, | |
1661 but separate from the lines which do match {pattern}. | |
1662 If you sorted in reverse, they will be in reverse | |
1663 order after the sorted lines, otherwise they will be | |
1664 in their original order, right before the sorted | |
1665 lines. | |
1666 | |
1314 | 1667 If {pattern} is empty (e.g. // is specified), the |
1668 last search pattern is used. This allows trying out | |
1669 a pattern first. | |
1670 | |
3492 | 1671 Note that using `:sort` with `:global` doesn't sort the matching lines, it's |
293 | 1672 quite useless. |
7 | 1673 |
359 | 1674 The details about sorting depend on the library function used. There is no |
1675 guarantee that sorting is "stable" or obeys the current locale. You will have | |
1676 to try it out. | |
1677 | |
826 | 1678 The sorting can be interrupted, but if you interrupt it too late in the |
1679 process you may end up with duplicated lines. This also depends on the system | |
1680 library function used. | |
481 | 1681 |
7 | 1682 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |