Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/motion.txt @ 35200:7f5de3ce54c8 default tip
runtime(doc): clarify temporary file clean up
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/5cf5301e2847c5a1a380ae030c58825b5c6fe275
Author: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
Date: Sat May 18 10:13:11 2024 +0200
runtime(doc): clarify temporary file clean up
related: https://github.com/vim/vim/issues/14770
Co-authored-by: Enno <Konfekt@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
| author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
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| date | Sat, 18 May 2024 10:30:03 +0200 |
| parents | 21fc3f1676be |
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| rev | line source |
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1 *motion.txt* For Vim version 9.1. Last change: 2023 Dec 27 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 Cursor motions *cursor-motions* *navigation* | |
| 8 | |
| 9 These commands move the cursor position. If the new position is off of the | |
| 10 screen, the screen is scrolled to show the cursor (see also 'scrolljump' and | |
| 11 'scrolloff' options). | |
| 12 | |
| 13 1. Motions and operators |operator| | |
| 14 2. Left-right motions |left-right-motions| | |
| 15 3. Up-down motions |up-down-motions| | |
| 16 4. Word motions |word-motions| | |
| 17 5. Text object motions |object-motions| | |
| 18 6. Text object selection |object-select| | |
| 19 7. Marks |mark-motions| | |
| 20 8. Jumps |jump-motions| | |
| 21 9. Various motions |various-motions| | |
| 22 | |
| 23 General remarks: | |
| 24 | |
| 25 If you want to know where you are in the file use the "CTRL-G" command | |
| 26 |CTRL-G| or the "g CTRL-G" command |g_CTRL-G|. If you set the 'ruler' option, | |
| 27 the cursor position is continuously shown in the status line (which slows down | |
| 28 Vim a little). | |
| 29 | |
| 30 Experienced users prefer the hjkl keys because they are always right under | |
| 31 their fingers. Beginners often prefer the arrow keys, because they do not | |
| 32 know what the hjkl keys do. The mnemonic value of hjkl is clear from looking | |
| 33 at the keyboard. Think of j as an arrow pointing downwards. | |
| 34 | |
| 35 The 'virtualedit' option can be set to make it possible to move the cursor to | |
| 28379 | 36 positions where there is no character or within a multi-column character (like |
| 37 a tab). | |
| 7 | 38 |
| 39 ============================================================================== | |
| 40 1. Motions and operators *operator* | |
| 41 | |
| 42 The motion commands can be used after an operator command, to have the command | |
| 43 operate on the text that was moved over. That is the text between the cursor | |
| 44 position before and after the motion. Operators are generally used to delete | |
| 45 or change text. The following operators are available: | |
| 46 | |
| 47 |c| c change | |
| 48 |d| d delete | |
| 49 |y| y yank into register (does not change the text) | |
| 50 |~| ~ swap case (only if 'tildeop' is set) | |
| 51 |g~| g~ swap case | |
| 52 |gu| gu make lowercase | |
| 53 |gU| gU make uppercase | |
| 54 |!| ! filter through an external program | |
| 55 |=| = filter through 'equalprg' or C-indenting if empty | |
| 56 |gq| gq text formatting | |
| 16808 | 57 |gw| gw text formatting with no cursor movement |
| 7 | 58 |g?| g? ROT13 encoding |
| 59 |>| > shift right | |
| 60 |<| < shift left | |
| 61 |zf| zf define a fold | |
| 3713 | 62 |g@| g@ call function set with the 'operatorfunc' option |
| 24911 | 63 *motion-count-multiplied* |
| 7 | 64 If the motion includes a count and the operator also had a count before it, |
| 65 the two counts are multiplied. For example: "2d3w" deletes six words. | |
| 24911 | 66 *operator-doubled* |
| 67 When doubling the operator it operates on a line. When using a count, before | |
| 68 or after the first character, that many lines are operated upon. Thus `3dd` | |
| 69 deletes three lines. A count before and after the first character is | |
| 70 multiplied, thus `2y3y` yanks six lines. | |
| 7 | 71 |
| 72 After applying the operator the cursor is mostly left at the start of the text | |
| 73 that was operated upon. For example, "yfe" doesn't move the cursor, but "yFe" | |
| 74 moves the cursor leftwards to the "e" where the yank started. | |
| 75 | |
| 76 *linewise* *characterwise* | |
| 77 The operator either affects whole lines, or the characters between the start | |
| 78 and end position. Generally, motions that move between lines affect lines | |
| 79 (are linewise), and motions that move within a line affect characters (are | |
| 80 characterwise). However, there are some exceptions. | |
| 81 | |
| 82 *exclusive* *inclusive* | |
| 456 | 83 A character motion is either inclusive or exclusive. When inclusive, the |
| 84 start and end position of the motion are included in the operation. When | |
| 85 exclusive, the last character towards the end of the buffer is not included. | |
| 86 Linewise motions always include the start and end position. | |
| 7 | 87 |
| 456 | 88 Which motions are linewise, inclusive or exclusive is mentioned with the |
| 89 command. There are however, two general exceptions: | |
| 7 | 90 1. If the motion is exclusive and the end of the motion is in column 1, the |
| 91 end of the motion is moved to the end of the previous line and the motion | |
| 92 becomes inclusive. Example: "}" moves to the first line after a paragraph, | |
| 93 but "d}" will not include that line. | |
| 20 | 94 *exclusive-linewise* |
| 7 | 95 2. If the motion is exclusive, the end of the motion is in column 1 and the |
| 96 start of the motion was at or before the first non-blank in the line, the | |
| 97 motion becomes linewise. Example: If a paragraph begins with some blanks | |
| 98 and you do "d}" while standing on the first non-blank, all the lines of | |
| 99 the paragraph are deleted, including the blanks. If you do a put now, the | |
| 100 deleted lines will be inserted below the cursor position. | |
| 101 | |
| 102 Note that when the operator is pending (the operator command is typed, but the | |
| 103 motion isn't yet), a special set of mappings can be used. See |:omap|. | |
| 104 | |
| 105 Instead of first giving the operator and then a motion you can use Visual | |
| 106 mode: mark the start of the text with "v", move the cursor to the end of the | |
| 107 text that is to be affected and then hit the operator. The text between the | |
| 108 start and the cursor position is highlighted, so you can see what text will | |
| 109 be operated upon. This allows much more freedom, but requires more key | |
| 110 strokes and has limited redo functionality. See the chapter on Visual mode | |
| 111 |Visual-mode|. | |
| 112 | |
| 113 You can use a ":" command for a motion. For example "d:call FindEnd()". | |
| 4229 | 114 But this can't be repeated with "." if the command is more than one line. |
| 7 | 115 This can be repeated: > |
| 116 d:call search("f")<CR> | |
| 117 This cannot be repeated: > | |
| 118 d:if 1<CR> | |
| 119 call search("f")<CR> | |
| 120 endif<CR> | |
| 4229 | 121 Note that when using ":" any motion becomes characterwise exclusive. |
| 7 | 122 |
| 15281 | 123 *forced-motion* |
| 7 | 124 FORCING A MOTION TO BE LINEWISE, CHARACTERWISE OR BLOCKWISE |
| 125 | |
| 126 When a motion is not of the type you would like to use, you can force another | |
| 127 type by using "v", "V" or CTRL-V just after the operator. | |
| 128 Example: > | |
| 129 dj | |
| 130 deletes two lines > | |
| 131 dvj | |
| 132 deletes from the cursor position until the character below the cursor > | |
| 133 d<C-V>j | |
| 134 deletes the character under the cursor and the character below the cursor. > | |
| 135 | |
| 136 Be careful with forcing a linewise movement to be used characterwise or | |
| 137 blockwise, the column may not always be defined. | |
| 138 | |
| 139 *o_v* | |
| 140 v When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
| 141 the operator to work characterwise, also when the motion is | |
| 142 linewise. If the motion was linewise, it will become | |
| 143 |exclusive|. | |
| 144 If the motion already was characterwise, toggle | |
| 145 inclusive/exclusive. This can be used to make an exclusive | |
| 146 motion inclusive and an inclusive motion exclusive. | |
| 147 | |
| 148 *o_V* | |
| 149 V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
| 150 the operator to work linewise, also when the motion is | |
| 151 characterwise. | |
| 152 | |
| 153 *o_CTRL-V* | |
| 154 CTRL-V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
| 155 the operator to work blockwise. This works like Visual block | |
| 156 mode selection, with the corners defined by the cursor | |
| 157 position before and after the motion. | |
| 158 | |
| 159 ============================================================================== | |
| 160 2. Left-right motions *left-right-motions* | |
| 161 | |
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162 These commands move the cursor to the specified column in the current line. |
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163 They stop at the first column and at the end of the line, except "$", which |
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164 may move to one of the next lines. See 'whichwrap' option to make some of the |
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165 commands move across line boundaries. |
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166 |
| 7 | 167 h or *h* |
| 168 <Left> or *<Left>* | |
| 169 CTRL-H or *CTRL-H* *<BS>* | |
| 170 <BS> [count] characters to the left. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 171 Note: If you prefer <BS> to delete a character, use | |
| 172 the mapping: | |
| 173 :map CTRL-V<BS> X | |
| 174 (to enter "CTRL-V<BS>" type the CTRL-V key, followed | |
| 175 by the <BS> key) | |
| 176 See |:fixdel| if the <BS> key does not do what you | |
| 177 want. | |
| 178 | |
| 179 l or *l* | |
| 180 <Right> or *<Right>* *<Space>* | |
| 181 <Space> [count] characters to the right. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 6823 | 182 See the 'whichwrap' option for adjusting the behavior |
| 183 at end of line | |
| 7 | 184 |
| 185 *0* | |
| 186 0 To the first character of the line. |exclusive| | |
| 1121 | 187 motion. |
| 7 | 188 |
| 189 *<Home>* *<kHome>* | |
| 190 <Home> To the first character of the line. |exclusive| | |
| 1121 | 191 motion. When moving up or down next, stay in same |
| 192 TEXT column (if possible). Most other commands stay | |
| 193 in the same SCREEN column. <Home> works like "1|", | |
| 194 which differs from "0" when the line starts with a | |
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195 <Tab>. |
| 7 | 196 |
| 197 *^* | |
| 198 ^ To the first non-blank character of the line. | |
| 22723 | 199 |exclusive| motion. Any count is ignored. |
| 7 | 200 |
| 201 *$* *<End>* *<kEnd>* | |
| 202 $ or <End> To the end of the line. When a count is given also go | |
| 22723 | 203 [count - 1] lines downward, or as far is possible. |
| 25056 | 204 |inclusive| motion. If a count of 2 or larger is |
| 22723 | 205 given and the cursor is on the last line, that is an |
| 25056 | 206 error and the cursor doesn't move. |
| 7 | 207 In Visual mode the cursor goes to just after the last |
| 208 character in the line. | |
| 209 When 'virtualedit' is active, "$" may move the cursor | |
| 210 back from past the end of the line to the last | |
| 211 character in the line. | |
| 212 | |
| 213 *g_* | |
| 214 g_ To the last non-blank character of the line and | |
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215 [count - 1] lines downward |inclusive|. |
| 7 | 216 |
| 217 *g0* *g<Home>* | |
| 218 g0 or g<Home> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first character of | |
| 219 the screen line. |exclusive| motion. Differs from | |
| 220 "0" when a line is wider than the screen. | |
| 221 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost | |
| 222 character of the current line that is on the screen. | |
| 223 Differs from "0" when the first character of the line | |
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224 is not on the screen. |
| 7 | 225 |
| 226 *g^* | |
| 227 g^ When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first non-blank | |
| 228 character of the screen line. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 229 Differs from "^" when a line is wider than the screen. | |
| 230 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost | |
| 231 non-blank character of the current line that is on the | |
| 232 screen. Differs from "^" when the first non-blank | |
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233 character of the line is not on the screen. |
| 7 | 234 |
| 235 *gm* | |
| 236 gm Like "g0", but half a screenwidth to the right (or as | |
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237 much as possible). |
| 7 | 238 |
| 18489 | 239 *gM* |
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240 gM Like "g0", but to halfway the text of the line. |
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241 With a count: to this percentage of text in the line. |
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242 Thus "10gM" is near the start of the text and "90gM" |
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243 is near the end of the text. |
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244 |
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245 *g$* |
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246 g$ When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the last character of |
| 7 | 247 the screen line and [count - 1] screen lines downward |
| 248 |inclusive|. Differs from "$" when a line is wider | |
| 249 than the screen. | |
| 250 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the rightmost | |
| 251 character of the current line that is visible on the | |
| 252 screen. Differs from "$" when the last character of | |
| 253 the line is not on the screen or when a count is used. | |
| 254 Additionally, vertical movements keep the column, | |
| 255 instead of going to the end of the line. | |
| 5220 | 256 When 'virtualedit' is enabled moves to the end of the |
| 257 screen line. | |
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258 |
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259 *g<End>* *g<kEnd>* |
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260 g<End> Like |g$| but to the last non-blank character |
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261 instead of the last character. |
| 7 | 262 |
| 263 *bar* | |
| 264 | To screen column [count] in the current line. | |
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265 |exclusive| motion. Ceci n'est pas une pipe. |
| 7 | 266 |
| 267 *f* | |
| 268 f{char} To [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the right. The | |
| 269 cursor is placed on {char} |inclusive|. | |
| 270 {char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|. | |
| 271 When 'encoding' is set to Unicode, composing | |
| 272 characters may be used, see |utf-8-char-arg|. | |
| 273 |:lmap| mappings apply to {char}. The CTRL-^ command | |
| 274 in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off | |
| 275 |i_CTRL-^|. | |
| 276 | |
| 277 *F* | |
| 278 F{char} To the [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the left. | |
| 456 | 279 The cursor is placed on {char} |exclusive|. |
| 7 | 280 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. |
| 281 | |
| 282 *t* | |
| 283 t{char} Till before [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the | |
| 284 right. The cursor is placed on the character left of | |
| 285 {char} |inclusive|. | |
| 286 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. | |
| 287 | |
| 288 *T* | |
| 289 T{char} Till after [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the | |
| 290 left. The cursor is placed on the character right of | |
| 456 | 291 {char} |exclusive|. |
| 7 | 292 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. |
| 293 | |
| 294 *;* | |
| 2925 | 295 ; Repeat latest f, t, F or T [count] times. See |cpo-;| |
| 7 | 296 |
| 297 *,* | |
| 298 , Repeat latest f, t, F or T in opposite direction | |
| 2925 | 299 [count] times. See also |cpo-;| |
| 7 | 300 |
| 301 ============================================================================== | |
| 302 3. Up-down motions *up-down-motions* | |
| 303 | |
| 304 k or *k* | |
| 305 <Up> or *<Up>* *CTRL-P* | |
| 306 CTRL-P [count] lines upward |linewise|. | |
| 307 | |
| 308 j or *j* | |
| 309 <Down> or *<Down>* | |
| 310 CTRL-J or *CTRL-J* | |
| 311 <NL> or *<NL>* *CTRL-N* | |
| 312 CTRL-N [count] lines downward |linewise|. | |
| 313 | |
| 314 gk or *gk* *g<Up>* | |
| 315 g<Up> [count] display lines upward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 316 Differs from 'k' when lines wrap, and when used with | |
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317 an operator, because it's not linewise. |
| 7 | 318 |
| 319 gj or *gj* *g<Down>* | |
| 320 g<Down> [count] display lines downward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 321 Differs from 'j' when lines wrap, and when used with | |
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322 an operator, because it's not linewise. |
| 7 | 323 |
| 324 *-* | |
| 325 - <minus> [count] lines upward, on the first non-blank | |
| 326 character |linewise|. | |
| 327 | |
| 328 + or *+* | |
| 329 CTRL-M or *CTRL-M* *<CR>* | |
| 330 <CR> [count] lines downward, on the first non-blank | |
| 331 character |linewise|. | |
| 332 | |
| 333 *_* | |
| 334 _ <underscore> [count] - 1 lines downward, on the first non-blank | |
| 335 character |linewise|. | |
| 336 | |
| 337 *G* | |
| 338 G Goto line [count], default last line, on the first | |
| 339 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not | |
| 340 set, keep the same column. | |
| 16023 | 341 G is one of the |jump-motions|. |
| 7 | 342 |
| 343 *<C-End>* | |
| 344 <C-End> Goto line [count], default last line, on the last | |
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345 character |inclusive|. |
| 7 | 346 |
| 347 <C-Home> or *gg* *<C-Home>* | |
| 348 gg Goto line [count], default first line, on the first | |
| 349 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not | |
| 350 set, keep the same column. | |
| 351 | |
| 3750 | 352 *:[range]* |
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353 :[range] Set the cursor on the last line number in [range]. |
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354 [range] can also be just one line number, e.g., ":1" |
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355 or ":'m". |
| 2152 | 356 In contrast with |G| this command does not modify the |
| 357 |jumplist|. | |
| 7 | 358 *N%* |
| 359 {count}% Go to {count} percentage in the file, on the first | |
| 360 non-blank in the line |linewise|. To compute the new | |
| 361 line number this formula is used: | |
| 362 ({count} * number-of-lines + 99) / 100 | |
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363 See also 'startofline' option. |
| 7 | 364 |
| 365 :[range]go[to] [count] *:go* *:goto* *go* | |
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366 [count]go Go to [count] byte in the buffer. Default [count] is |
| 7 | 367 one, start of the file. When giving [range], the |
| 368 last number in it used as the byte count. End-of-line | |
| 369 characters are counted depending on the current | |
| 370 'fileformat' setting. | |
| 2908 | 371 Also see the |line2byte()| function, and the 'o' |
| 372 option in 'statusline'. | |
| 7 | 373 {not available when compiled without the |
| 374 |+byte_offset| feature} | |
| 375 | |
| 376 These commands move to the specified line. They stop when reaching the first | |
| 377 or the last line. The first two commands put the cursor in the same column | |
| 378 (if possible) as it was after the last command that changed the column, | |
| 379 except after the "$" command, then the cursor will be put on the last | |
| 380 character of the line. | |
| 381 | |
| 161 | 382 If "k", "-" or CTRL-P is used with a [count] and there are less than [count] |
| 383 lines above the cursor and the 'cpo' option includes the "-" flag it is an | |
| 384 error. |cpo--|. | |
| 385 | |
| 7 | 386 ============================================================================== |
| 387 4. Word motions *word-motions* | |
| 388 | |
| 389 <S-Right> or *<S-Right>* *w* | |
| 390 w [count] words forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 391 | |
| 392 <C-Right> or *<C-Right>* *W* | |
| 393 W [count] WORDS forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 26438 | 394 If <C-Right> does not work, check out |
| 395 |arrow_modifiers|. | |
| 7 | 396 |
| 397 *e* | |
| 398 e Forward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|. | |
| 1621 | 399 Does not stop in an empty line. |
| 7 | 400 |
| 401 *E* | |
| 402 E Forward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|. | |
| 1621 | 403 Does not stop in an empty line. |
| 7 | 404 |
| 405 <S-Left> or *<S-Left>* *b* | |
| 406 b [count] words backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 407 | |
| 408 <C-Left> or *<C-Left>* *B* | |
| 409 B [count] WORDS backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
| 26438 | 410 If <C-Left> does not work, check out |
| 411 |arrow_modifiers|. | |
| 7 | 412 |
| 413 *ge* | |
| 414 ge Backward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|. | |
| 415 | |
| 416 *gE* | |
| 417 gE Backward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|. | |
| 418 | |
| 419 These commands move over words or WORDS. | |
| 420 *word* | |
| 421 A word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores, or a | |
| 422 sequence of other non-blank characters, separated with white space (spaces, | |
| 625 | 423 tabs, <EOL>). This can be changed with the 'iskeyword' option. An empty line |
| 424 is also considered to be a word. | |
| 7 | 425 *WORD* |
| 426 A WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white | |
| 625 | 427 space. An empty line is also considered to be a WORD. |
| 7 | 428 |
| 429 A sequence of folded lines is counted for one word of a single character. | |
| 430 "w" and "W", "e" and "E" move to the start/end of the first word or WORD after | |
| 431 a range of folded lines. "b" and "B" move to the start of the first word or | |
| 432 WORD before the fold. | |
| 433 | |
| 434 Special case: "cw" and "cW" are treated like "ce" and "cE" if the cursor is | |
| 435 on a non-blank. This is because "cw" is interpreted as change-word, and a | |
| 16610 | 436 word does not include the following white space. |
| 7 | 437 |
| 438 Another special case: When using the "w" motion in combination with an | |
| 439 operator and the last word moved over is at the end of a line, the end of | |
| 440 that word becomes the end of the operated text, not the first word in the | |
| 441 next line. | |
| 442 | |
| 443 The original Vi implementation of "e" is buggy. For example, the "e" command | |
| 444 will stop on the first character of a line if the previous line was empty. | |
| 445 But when you use "2e" this does not happen. In Vim "ee" and "2e" are the | |
| 446 same, which is more logical. However, this causes a small incompatibility | |
| 447 between Vi and Vim. | |
| 448 | |
| 449 ============================================================================== | |
| 450 5. Text object motions *object-motions* | |
| 451 | |
| 452 *(* | |
| 28379 | 453 ( [count] |sentence|s backward. |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 454 |
| 455 *)* | |
| 28379 | 456 ) [count] |sentence|s forward. |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 457 |
| 458 *{* | |
| 28379 | 459 { [count] |paragraph|s backward. |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 460 |
| 461 *}* | |
| 28379 | 462 } [count] |paragraph|s forward. |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 463 |
| 464 *]]* | |
| 28379 | 465 ]] [count] |section|s forward or to the next '{' in the |
| 20 | 466 first column. When used after an operator, then also |
| 467 stops below a '}' in the first column. |exclusive| | |
| 468 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
| 7 | 469 |
| 470 *][* | |
| 28379 | 471 ][ [count] |section|s forward or to the next '}' in the |
| 20 | 472 first column. |exclusive| |
| 473 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
| 7 | 474 |
| 475 *[[* | |
| 28379 | 476 [[ [count] |section|s backward or to the previous '{' in |
| 20 | 477 the first column. |exclusive| |
| 478 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
| 7 | 479 |
| 480 *[]* | |
| 28379 | 481 [] [count] |section|s backward or to the previous '}' in |
| 20 | 482 the first column. |exclusive| |
| 483 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
| 7 | 484 |
| 485 These commands move over three kinds of text objects. | |
| 486 | |
| 487 *sentence* | |
| 488 A sentence is defined as ending at a '.', '!' or '?' followed by either the | |
| 489 end of a line, or by a space or tab. Any number of closing ')', ']', '"' | |
| 490 and ''' characters may appear after the '.', '!' or '?' before the spaces, | |
| 491 tabs or end of line. A paragraph and section boundary is also a sentence | |
| 492 boundary. | |
| 493 If the 'J' flag is present in 'cpoptions', at least two spaces have to | |
| 494 follow the punctuation mark; <Tab>s are not recognized as white space. | |
| 495 The definition of a sentence cannot be changed. | |
| 496 | |
| 497 *paragraph* | |
| 498 A paragraph begins after each empty line, and also at each of a set of | |
| 499 paragraph macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the 'paragraphs' | |
| 1621 | 500 option. The default is "IPLPPPQPP TPHPLIPpLpItpplpipbp", which corresponds to |
| 501 the macros ".IP", ".LP", etc. (These are nroff macros, so the dot must be in | |
| 502 the first column). A section boundary is also a paragraph boundary. | |
| 164 | 503 Note that a blank line (only containing white space) is NOT a paragraph |
| 504 boundary. | |
| 505 Also note that this does not include a '{' or '}' in the first column. When | |
| 506 the '{' flag is in 'cpoptions' then '{' in the first column is used as a | |
| 507 paragraph boundary |posix|. | |
| 7 | 508 |
| 509 *section* | |
| 510 A section begins after a form-feed (<C-L>) in the first column and at each of | |
| 511 a set of section macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the | |
| 512 'sections' option. The default is "SHNHH HUnhsh", which defines a section to | |
| 513 start at the nroff macros ".SH", ".NH", ".H", ".HU", ".nh" and ".sh". | |
| 514 | |
| 21991 | 515 The "]]" and "[[" commands stop at the '{' in the first column. This is |
| 516 useful to find the start of a function in a C program. To search for a '}' in | |
| 517 the first column, the end of a C function, use "][" (forward) or "[]" | |
| 518 (backward). Note that the first character of the command determines the | |
| 519 search direction. | |
| 7 | 520 |
| 521 If your '{' or '}' are not in the first column, and you would like to use "[[" | |
| 522 and "]]" anyway, try these mappings: > | |
| 523 :map [[ ?{<CR>w99[{ | |
| 524 :map ][ /}<CR>b99]} | |
| 525 :map ]] j0[[%/{<CR> | |
| 526 :map [] k$][%?}<CR> | |
| 527 [type these literally, see |<>|] | |
| 528 | |
| 529 ============================================================================== | |
| 530 6. Text object selection *object-select* *text-objects* | |
| 531 *v_a* *v_i* | |
| 532 | |
| 533 This is a series of commands that can only be used while in Visual mode or | |
| 534 after an operator. The commands that start with "a" select "a"n object | |
| 535 including white space, the commands starting with "i" select an "inner" object | |
| 536 without white space, or just the white space. Thus the "inner" commands | |
| 537 always select less text than the "a" commands. | |
| 538 | |
| 3713 | 539 Also see `gn` and `gN`, operating on the last search pattern. |
| 540 | |
| 7 | 541 *v_aw* *aw* |
| 542 aw "a word", select [count] words (see |word|). | |
| 543 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not | |
| 544 counted. | |
| 545 When used in Visual linewise mode "aw" switches to | |
| 546 Visual characterwise mode. | |
| 547 | |
| 548 *v_iw* *iw* | |
| 549 iw "inner word", select [count] words (see |word|). | |
| 550 White space between words is counted too. | |
| 551 When used in Visual linewise mode "iw" switches to | |
| 552 Visual characterwise mode. | |
| 553 | |
| 554 *v_aW* *aW* | |
| 555 aW "a WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|). | |
| 556 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not | |
| 557 counted. | |
| 558 When used in Visual linewise mode "aW" switches to | |
| 559 Visual characterwise mode. | |
| 560 | |
| 561 *v_iW* *iW* | |
| 562 iW "inner WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|). | |
| 563 White space between words is counted too. | |
| 564 When used in Visual linewise mode "iW" switches to | |
| 565 Visual characterwise mode. | |
| 566 | |
| 567 *v_as* *as* | |
| 568 as "a sentence", select [count] sentences (see | |
| 569 |sentence|). | |
| 570 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 571 | |
| 572 *v_is* *is* | |
| 573 is "inner sentence", select [count] sentences (see | |
| 574 |sentence|). | |
| 575 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 576 | |
| 577 *v_ap* *ap* | |
| 578 ap "a paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see | |
| 579 |paragraph|). | |
| 580 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space) | |
| 581 is also a paragraph boundary. | |
| 582 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise. | |
| 583 | |
| 584 *v_ip* *ip* | |
| 585 ip "inner paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see | |
| 586 |paragraph|). | |
| 587 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space) | |
| 588 is also a paragraph boundary. | |
| 589 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise. | |
| 590 | |
| 591 a] *v_a]* *v_a[* *a]* *a[* | |
| 592 a[ "a [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This | |
| 593 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds | |
| 594 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected, | |
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595 including the '[' and ']'. The |cpo-M| option flag |
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596 is used to handle escaped brackets. |
| 7 | 597 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
| 598 | |
| 599 i] *v_i]* *v_i[* *i]* *i[* | |
| 600 i[ "inner [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This | |
| 601 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds | |
| 602 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected, | |
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603 excluding the '[' and ']'. It's an error to select an |
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604 empty inner block like "[]". The |cpo-M| option flag |
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605 is used to handle escaped brackets. |
| 7 | 606 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
| 607 | |
| 608 a) *v_a)* *a)* *a(* | |
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609 a( *vab* *v_ab* *v_a(* *ab* |
| 7 | 610 ab "a block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" to |
| 611 the matching ')', including the '(' and ')' (see | |
| 612 |[(|). Does not include white space outside of the | |
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613 parenthesis. The |cpo-M| option flag is used to |
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614 handle escaped parenthesis. |
| 7 | 615 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
| 616 | |
| 617 i) *v_i)* *i)* *i(* | |
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618 i( *vib* *v_ib* *v_i(* *ib* |
| 7 | 619 ib "inner block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" |
| 620 to the matching ')', excluding the '(' and ')' (see | |
| 29756 | 621 |[(|). If the cursor is not inside a () block, then |
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622 find the next "(". It's an error to select an empty |
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623 inner block like "()". The |cpo-M| option flag |
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624 is used to handle escaped parenthesis. |
| 7 | 625 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
| 626 | |
| 627 a> *v_a>* *v_a<* *a>* *a<* | |
| 628 a< "a <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from the | |
| 629 [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching | |
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630 '>', including the '<' and '>'. The |cpo-M| option flag |
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631 is used to handle escaped '<' and '>'. |
| 7 | 632 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
| 633 | |
| 634 i> *v_i>* *v_i<* *i>* *i<* | |
| 635 i< "inner <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from | |
| 636 the [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching | |
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637 '>', excluding the '<' and '>'. It's an error to |
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638 select an empty inner block like "<>". The |cpo-M| |
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639 option flag is used to handle escaped '<' and '>'. |
| 7 | 640 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
| 641 | |
| 422 | 642 *v_at* *at* |
| 643 at "a tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the | |
| 644 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching | |
| 645 "</aaa>", including the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>". | |
| 646 See |tag-blocks| about the details. | |
| 647 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
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648 Only available when compiled with the |+eval| feature. |
| 422 | 649 |
| 650 *v_it* *it* | |
| 651 it "inner tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the | |
| 652 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching | |
| 653 "</aaa>", excluding the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>". | |
| 654 See |tag-blocks| about the details. | |
| 655 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
| 656 | |
| 7 | 657 a} *v_a}* *a}* *a{* |
| 658 a{ *v_aB* *v_a{* *aB* | |
| 659 aB "a Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" to | |
| 660 the matching '}', including the '{' and '}' (see | |
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661 |[{|). The |cpo-M| option flag is used to handle |
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662 escaped braces. |
| 7 | 663 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
| 664 | |
| 665 i} *v_i}* *i}* *i{* | |
| 666 i{ *v_iB* *v_i{* *iB* | |
| 667 iB "inner Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" | |
| 668 to the matching '}', excluding the '{' and '}' (see | |
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669 |[{|). It's an error to select an empty inner block |
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670 like "{}". The |cpo-M| option flag is used to handle |
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671 escaped braces. |
| 7 | 672 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
| 673 | |
| 12 | 674 a" *v_aquote* *aquote* |
| 675 a' *v_a'* *a'* | |
| 676 a` *v_a`* *a`* | |
| 677 "a quoted string". Selects the text from the previous | |
| 849 | 678 quote until the next quote. The 'quoteescape' option |
| 679 is used to skip escaped quotes. | |
| 680 Only works within one line. | |
| 12 | 681 When the cursor starts on a quote, Vim will figure out |
| 682 which quote pairs form a string by searching from the | |
| 683 start of the line. | |
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684 Any trailing white space is included, unless there is |
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685 none, then leading white space is included. |
| 12 | 686 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
| 687 Repeating this object in Visual mode another string is | |
| 688 included. A count is currently not used. | |
| 689 | |
| 690 i" *v_iquote* *iquote* | |
| 691 i' *v_i'* *i'* | |
| 692 i` *v_i`* *i`* | |
| 693 Like a", a' and a`, but exclude the quotes and | |
| 694 repeating won't extend the Visual selection. | |
| 527 | 695 Special case: With a count of 2 the quotes are |
| 696 included, but no extra white space as with a"/a'/a`. | |
| 12 | 697 |
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698 *o_object-select* |
| 7 | 699 When used after an operator: |
| 700 For non-block objects: | |
| 701 For the "a" commands: The operator applies to the object and the white | |
| 702 space after the object. If there is no white space after the object | |
| 703 or when the cursor was in the white space before the object, the white | |
| 704 space before the object is included. | |
| 705 For the "inner" commands: If the cursor was on the object, the | |
| 706 operator applies to the object. If the cursor was on white space, the | |
| 707 operator applies to the white space. | |
| 708 For a block object: | |
| 709 The operator applies to the block where the cursor is in, or the block | |
| 710 on which the cursor is on one of the braces. For the "inner" commands | |
| 711 the surrounding braces are excluded. For the "a" commands, the braces | |
| 712 are included. | |
| 713 | |
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714 *v_object-select* |
| 7 | 715 When used in Visual mode: |
| 716 When start and end of the Visual area are the same (just after typing "v"): | |
| 717 One object is selected, the same as for using an operator. | |
| 718 When start and end of the Visual area are not the same: | |
| 719 For non-block objects the area is extended by one object or the white | |
| 720 space up to the next object, or both for the "a" objects. The | |
| 721 direction in which this happens depends on which side of the Visual | |
| 722 area the cursor is. For the block objects the block is extended one | |
| 723 level outwards. | |
| 724 | |
| 725 For illustration, here is a list of delete commands, grouped from small to big | |
| 726 objects. Note that for a single character and a whole line the existing vi | |
| 727 movement commands are used. | |
| 728 "dl" delete character (alias: "x") |dl| | |
| 729 "diw" delete inner word *diw* | |
| 730 "daw" delete a word *daw* | |
| 731 "diW" delete inner WORD (see |WORD|) *diW* | |
| 732 "daW" delete a WORD (see |WORD|) *daW* | |
| 3713 | 733 "dgn" delete the next search pattern match *dgn* |
| 7 | 734 "dd" delete one line |dd| |
| 735 "dis" delete inner sentence *dis* | |
| 736 "das" delete a sentence *das* | |
| 737 "dib" delete inner '(' ')' block *dib* | |
| 738 "dab" delete a '(' ')' block *dab* | |
| 739 "dip" delete inner paragraph *dip* | |
| 740 "dap" delete a paragraph *dap* | |
| 741 "diB" delete inner '{' '}' block *diB* | |
| 742 "daB" delete a '{' '}' block *daB* | |
| 743 | |
| 744 Note the difference between using a movement command and an object. The | |
| 745 movement command operates from here (cursor position) to where the movement | |
| 746 takes us. When using an object the whole object is operated upon, no matter | |
| 747 where on the object the cursor is. For example, compare "dw" and "daw": "dw" | |
| 748 deletes from the cursor position to the start of the next word, "daw" deletes | |
| 749 the word under the cursor and the space after or before it. | |
| 750 | |
| 422 | 751 |
| 752 Tag blocks *tag-blocks* | |
| 753 | |
| 754 For the "it" and "at" text objects an attempt is done to select blocks between | |
| 755 matching tags for HTML and XML. But since these are not completely compatible | |
| 756 there are a few restrictions. | |
| 757 | |
| 758 The normal method is to select a <tag> until the matching </tag>. For "at" | |
| 759 the tags are included, for "it" they are excluded. But when "it" is repeated | |
| 853 | 760 the tags will be included (otherwise nothing would change). Also, "it" used |
| 761 on a tag block with no contents will select the leading tag. | |
| 422 | 762 |
| 763 "<aaa/>" items are skipped. Case is ignored, also for XML where case does | |
| 764 matter. | |
| 765 | |
| 766 In HTML it is possible to have a tag like <br> or <meta ...> without a | |
| 767 matching end tag. These are ignored. | |
| 768 | |
| 769 The text objects are tolerant about mistakes. Stray end tags are ignored. | |
| 770 | |
| 7 | 771 ============================================================================== |
| 772 7. Marks *mark-motions* *E20* *E78* | |
| 773 | |
| 774 Jumping to a mark can be done in two ways: | |
| 775 1. With ` (backtick): The cursor is positioned at the specified location | |
| 776 and the motion is |exclusive|. | |
| 777 2. With ' (single quote): The cursor is positioned on the first non-blank | |
| 778 character in the line of the specified location and | |
| 779 the motion is linewise. | |
| 780 | |
| 781 *m* *mark* *Mark* | |
| 782 m{a-zA-Z} Set mark {a-zA-Z} at cursor position (does not move | |
| 783 the cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
| 784 | |
| 785 *m'* *m`* | |
| 786 m' or m` Set the previous context mark. This can be jumped to | |
| 787 with the "''" or "``" command (does not move the | |
| 788 cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
| 789 | |
| 790 *m[* *m]* | |
| 791 m[ or m] Set the |'[| or |']| mark. Useful when an operator is | |
| 792 to be simulated by multiple commands. (does not move | |
| 793 the cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
| 794 | |
| 3682 | 795 *m<* *m>* |
| 796 m< or m> Set the |'<| or |'>| mark. Useful to change what the | |
| 797 `gv` command selects. (does not move the cursor, this | |
| 798 is not a motion command). | |
| 799 Note that the Visual mode cannot be set, only the | |
| 800 start and end position. | |
| 801 | |
| 7 | 802 *:ma* *:mark* *E191* |
| 9 | 803 :[range]ma[rk] {a-zA-Z'} |
| 804 Set mark {a-zA-Z'} at last line number in [range], | |
| 7 | 805 column 0. Default is cursor line. |
| 806 | |
| 807 *:k* | |
| 9 | 808 :[range]k{a-zA-Z'} Same as :mark, but the space before the mark name can |
| 7 | 809 be omitted. |
| 26779 | 810 This command is not supported in |Vim9| script, |
| 811 because it is too easily confused with a variable | |
| 812 name. | |
| 7 | 813 |
| 814 *'* *'a* *`* *`a* | |
| 1121 | 815 '{a-z} `{a-z} Jump to the mark {a-z} in the current buffer. |
| 7 | 816 |
| 817 *'A* *'0* *`A* *`0* | |
| 1121 | 818 '{A-Z0-9} `{A-Z0-9} To the mark {A-Z0-9} in the file where it was set (not |
|
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819 a motion command when in another file). |
| 7 | 820 |
| 821 *g'* *g'a* *g`* *g`a* | |
| 822 g'{mark} g`{mark} | |
| 823 Jump to the {mark}, but don't change the jumplist when | |
| 824 jumping within the current buffer. Example: > | |
| 825 g`" | |
| 826 < jumps to the last known position in a file. See | |
| 9 | 827 $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim. |
| 828 Also see |:keepjumps|. | |
| 7 | 829 |
| 830 *:marks* | |
| 831 :marks List all the current marks (not a motion command). | |
| 832 The |'(|, |')|, |'{| and |'}| marks are not listed. | |
| 843 | 833 The first column has number zero. |
|
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834 |
| 7 | 835 *E283* |
| 836 :marks {arg} List the marks that are mentioned in {arg} (not a | |
| 837 motion command). For example: > | |
| 838 :marks aB | |
|
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839 < to list marks 'a' and 'B'. |
| 7 | 840 |
| 24 | 841 *:delm* *:delmarks* |
| 856 | 842 :delm[arks] {marks} Delete the specified marks. Marks that can be deleted |
| 24 | 843 include A-Z and 0-9. You cannot delete the ' mark. |
| 844 They can be specified by giving the list of mark | |
| 845 names, or with a range, separated with a dash. Spaces | |
| 846 are ignored. Examples: > | |
| 847 :delmarks a deletes mark a | |
| 848 :delmarks a b 1 deletes marks a, b and 1 | |
| 849 :delmarks Aa deletes marks A and a | |
| 850 :delmarks p-z deletes marks in the range p to z | |
| 851 :delmarks ^.[] deletes marks ^ . [ ] | |
| 852 :delmarks \" deletes mark " | |
| 853 | |
| 854 :delm[arks]! Delete all marks for the current buffer, but not marks | |
| 855 A-Z or 0-9. | |
| 856 | |
| 7 | 857 A mark is not visible in any way. It is just a position in the file that is |
| 858 remembered. Do not confuse marks with named registers, they are totally | |
| 859 unrelated. | |
| 860 | |
| 861 'a - 'z lowercase marks, valid within one file | |
| 862 'A - 'Z uppercase marks, also called file marks, valid between files | |
| 863 '0 - '9 numbered marks, set from .viminfo file | |
| 864 | |
| 865 Lowercase marks 'a to 'z are remembered as long as the file remains in the | |
| 866 buffer list. If you remove the file from the buffer list, all its marks are | |
| 867 lost. If you delete a line that contains a mark, that mark is erased. | |
| 868 | |
| 869 Lowercase marks can be used in combination with operators. For example: "d't" | |
| 870 deletes the lines from the cursor position to mark 't'. Hint: Use mark 't' for | |
| 871 Top, 'b' for Bottom, etc.. Lowercase marks are restored when using undo and | |
| 872 redo. | |
| 873 | |
| 16610 | 874 Uppercase marks 'A to 'Z include the file name. You can use them to jump from |
| 875 file to file. You can only use an uppercase mark with an operator if the mark | |
| 876 is in the current file. The line number of the mark remains correct, even if | |
| 877 you insert/delete lines or edit another file for a moment. When the 'viminfo' | |
| 878 option is not empty, uppercase marks are kept in the .viminfo file. See | |
| 879 |viminfo-file-marks|. | |
| 7 | 880 |
| 881 Numbered marks '0 to '9 are quite different. They can not be set directly. | |
| 882 They are only present when using a viminfo file |viminfo-file|. Basically '0 | |
| 883 is the location of the cursor when you last exited Vim, '1 the last but one | |
| 884 time, etc. Use the "r" flag in 'viminfo' to specify files for which no | |
| 885 Numbered mark should be stored. See |viminfo-file-marks|. | |
| 886 | |
| 887 | |
| 888 *'[* *`[* | |
| 889 '[ `[ To the first character of the previously changed | |
|
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890 or yanked text. |
| 7 | 891 |
| 892 *']* *`]* | |
| 893 '] `] To the last character of the previously changed or | |
|
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894 yanked text. |
| 7 | 895 |
| 896 After executing an operator the Cursor is put at the beginning of the text | |
| 897 that was operated upon. After a put command ("p" or "P") the cursor is | |
| 898 sometimes placed at the first inserted line and sometimes on the last inserted | |
| 899 character. The four commands above put the cursor at either end. Example: | |
| 900 After yanking 10 lines you want to go to the last one of them: "10Y']". After | |
| 901 inserting several lines with the "p" command you want to jump to the lowest | |
| 902 inserted line: "p']". This also works for text that has been inserted. | |
| 903 | |
| 904 Note: After deleting text, the start and end positions are the same, except | |
| 905 when using blockwise Visual mode. These commands do not work when no change | |
| 906 was made yet in the current file. | |
| 907 | |
| 908 *'<* *`<* | |
| 1698 | 909 '< `< To the first line or character of the last selected |
| 910 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it | |
| 911 may also be the last character in the first line (to | |
|
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912 be able to define the block). |
| 7 | 913 |
| 914 *'>* *`>* | |
| 1698 | 915 '> `> To the last line or character of the last selected |
| 916 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it | |
| 917 may also be the first character of the last line (to | |
| 918 be able to define the block). Note that 'selection' | |
| 856 | 919 applies, the position may be just after the Visual |
|
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920 area. |
| 7 | 921 |
| 922 *''* *``* | |
| 36 | 923 '' `` To the position before the latest jump, or where the |
| 924 last "m'" or "m`" command was given. Not set when the | |
| 7 | 925 |:keepjumps| command modifier was used. |
| 926 Also see |restore-position|. | |
| 927 | |
| 928 *'quote* *`quote* | |
| 929 '" `" To the cursor position when last exiting the current | |
| 930 buffer. Defaults to the first character of the first | |
| 931 line. See |last-position-jump| for how to use this | |
| 932 for each opened file. | |
| 933 Only one position is remembered per buffer, not one | |
| 934 for each window. As long as the buffer is visible in | |
| 935 a window the position won't be changed. | |
| 936 | |
| 937 *'^* *`^* | |
| 938 '^ `^ To the position where the cursor was the last time | |
| 42 | 939 when Insert mode was stopped. This is used by the |
| 940 |gi| command. Not set when the |:keepjumps| command | |
|
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941 modifier was used. |
| 7 | 942 |
| 943 *'.* *`.* | |
| 944 '. `. To the position where the last change was made. The | |
| 945 position is at or near where the change started. | |
| 946 Sometimes a command is executed as several changes, | |
| 947 then the position can be near the end of what the | |
| 948 command changed. For example when inserting a word, | |
| 949 the position will be on the last character. | |
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950 To jump to older changes use |g;|. |
| 7 | 951 |
| 952 *'(* *`(* | |
| 953 '( `( To the start of the current sentence, like the |(| | |
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954 command. |
| 7 | 955 |
| 956 *')* *`)* | |
| 957 ') `) To the end of the current sentence, like the |)| | |
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958 command. |
| 7 | 959 |
| 960 *'{* *`{* | |
| 961 '{ `{ To the start of the current paragraph, like the |{| | |
|
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962 command. |
| 7 | 963 |
| 964 *'}* *`}* | |
| 965 '} `} To the end of the current paragraph, like the |}| | |
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966 command. |
| 7 | 967 |
| 968 These commands are not marks themselves, but jump to a mark: | |
| 969 | |
| 970 *]'* | |
| 971 ]' [count] times to next line with a lowercase mark below | |
| 972 the cursor, on the first non-blank character in the | |
|
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973 line. |
| 7 | 974 |
| 975 *]`* | |
| 24278 | 976 ]` [count] times to lowercase mark after the cursor. |
| 7 | 977 |
| 978 *['* | |
| 979 [' [count] times to previous line with a lowercase mark | |
| 980 before the cursor, on the first non-blank character in | |
|
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981 the line. |
| 7 | 982 |
| 983 *[`* | |
| 984 [` [count] times to lowercase mark before the cursor. | |
| 985 | |
| 986 | |
| 16944 | 987 :loc[kmarks] {command} *:loc* *:lock* *:lockmarks* |
| 7 | 988 Execute {command} without adjusting marks. This is |
| 989 useful when changing text in a way that the line count | |
| 990 will be the same when the change has completed. | |
| 991 WARNING: When the line count does change, marks below | |
| 992 the change will keep their line number, thus move to | |
| 993 another text line. | |
| 994 These items will not be adjusted for deleted/inserted | |
| 995 lines: | |
| 996 - lower case letter marks 'a - 'z | |
| 997 - upper case letter marks 'A - 'Z | |
| 998 - numbered marks '0 - '9 | |
| 999 - last insert position '^ | |
| 1000 - last change position '. | |
| 18639 | 1001 - last affected text area '[ and '] |
| 7 | 1002 - the Visual area '< and '> |
| 1003 - line numbers in placed signs | |
| 1004 - line numbers in quickfix positions | |
| 1005 - positions in the |jumplist| | |
| 1006 - positions in the |tagstack| | |
| 1007 These items will still be adjusted: | |
| 1008 - previous context mark '' | |
| 1009 - the cursor position | |
| 1010 - the view of a window on a buffer | |
| 1011 - folds | |
| 1012 - diffs | |
| 1013 | |
| 16944 | 1014 :kee[pmarks] {command} *:kee* *:keep* *:keepmarks* |
| 7 | 1015 Currently only has effect for the filter command |
| 1016 |:range!|: | |
| 1017 - When the number of lines after filtering is equal to | |
| 1018 or larger than before, all marks are kept at the | |
| 1019 same line number. | |
| 1020 - When the number of lines decreases, the marks in the | |
| 9 | 1021 lines that disappeared are deleted. |
| 7 | 1022 In any case the marks below the filtered text have |
| 1023 their line numbers adjusted, thus stick to the text, | |
| 1024 as usual. | |
| 1025 When the 'R' flag is missing from 'cpoptions' this has | |
| 1026 the same effect as using ":keepmarks". | |
| 1027 | |
| 1028 *:keepj* *:keepjumps* | |
| 1029 :keepj[umps] {command} | |
| 9 | 1030 Moving around in {command} does not change the |''|, |
| 1031 |'.| and |'^| marks, the |jumplist| or the | |
| 1032 |changelist|. | |
| 1033 Useful when making a change or inserting text | |
| 1034 automatically and the user doesn't want to go to this | |
| 1035 position. E.g., when updating a "Last change" | |
| 1036 timestamp in the first line: > | |
| 1037 | |
| 586 | 1038 :let lnum = line(".") |
| 9 | 1039 :keepjumps normal gg |
| 1040 :call SetLastChange() | |
| 27903 | 1041 :keepjumps exe "normal " .. lnum .. "G" |
| 9 | 1042 < |
| 1043 Note that ":keepjumps" must be used for every command. | |
| 1044 When invoking a function the commands in that function | |
| 856 | 1045 can still change the jumplist. Also, for |
| 85 | 1046 ":keepjumps exe 'command '" the "command" won't keep |
| 1047 jumps. Instead use: ":exe 'keepjumps command'" | |
| 7 | 1048 |
| 1049 ============================================================================== | |
| 1050 8. Jumps *jump-motions* | |
| 1051 | |
| 14347 | 1052 A "jump" is a command that normally moves the cursor several lines away. If |
| 1053 you make the cursor "jump" the position of the cursor before the jump is | |
| 16023 | 1054 remembered. You can return to that position with the "''" and "``" commands, |
| 14347 | 1055 unless the line containing that position was changed or deleted. The |
| 1056 following commands are "jump" commands: "'", "`", "G", "/", "?", "n", "N", | |
| 1057 "%", "(", ")", "[[", "]]", "{", "}", ":s", ":tag", "L", "M", "H" and the | |
| 15033 | 1058 commands that start editing a new file. |
| 7 | 1059 |
| 1060 *CTRL-O* | |
| 1061 CTRL-O Go to [count] Older cursor position in jump list | |
|
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1062 (not a motion command). |
| 7 | 1063 |
| 1064 <Tab> or *CTRL-I* *<Tab>* | |
| 1065 CTRL-I Go to [count] newer cursor position in jump list | |
| 1066 (not a motion command). | |
| 1067 | |
| 24278 | 1068 NOTE: In the GUI and in a terminal supporting |
| 1069 |modifyOtherKeys|, CTRL-I can be mapped separately | |
| 1070 from <Tab>, on the condition that CTRL-I is | |
| 1071 mapped before <Tab>, otherwise the mapping applies to | |
| 1072 both. | |
| 1073 | |
| 7 | 1074 *:ju* *:jumps* |
|
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1075 :ju[mps] Print the jump list (not a motion command). |
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1076 |
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1077 *:cle* *:clearjumps* |
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1078 :cle[arjumps] Clear the jump list of the current window. |
| 7 | 1079 |
| 1080 *jumplist* | |
| 1081 Jumps are remembered in a jump list. With the CTRL-O and CTRL-I command you | |
| 1082 can go to cursor positions before older jumps, and back again. Thus you can | |
| 1083 move up and down the list. There is a separate jump list for each window. | |
| 1084 The maximum number of entries is fixed at 100. | |
| 1085 | |
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1086 For example, after three jump commands you have this jump list: > |
| 7 | 1087 |
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1088 jump line col file/text |
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1089 3 1 0 some text |
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1090 2 70 0 another line |
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1091 1 1154 23 end. |
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1092 > |
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1093 < |
| 2681 | 1094 The "file/text" column shows the file name, or the text at the jump if it is |
| 7 | 1095 in the current file (an indent is removed and a long line is truncated to fit |
| 1096 in the window). | |
| 1097 | |
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1098 The marker ">" indicates the current position in the jumplist. It may not be |
| 28517 | 1099 shown when filtering the |:jumps| command using |:filter| |
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1100 |
| 7 | 1101 You are currently in line 1167. If you then use the CTRL-O command, the |
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1102 cursor is put in line 1154. This results in: > |
| 7 | 1103 |
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1104 jump line col file/text |
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1105 2 1 0 some text |
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1106 1 70 0 another line |
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1107 > 0 1154 23 end. |
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1108 1 1167 0 foo bar |
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1109 < |
| 7 | 1110 The pointer will be set at the last used jump position. The next CTRL-O |
| 1111 command will use the entry above it, the next CTRL-I command will use the | |
| 1112 entry below it. If the pointer is below the last entry, this indicates that | |
| 1113 you did not use a CTRL-I or CTRL-O before. In this case the CTRL-O command | |
| 1114 will cause the cursor position to be added to the jump list, so you can get | |
| 1115 back to the position before the CTRL-O. In this case this is line 1167. | |
| 1116 | |
| 1117 With more CTRL-O commands you will go to lines 70 and 1. If you use CTRL-I | |
| 1118 you can go back to 1154 and 1167 again. Note that the number in the "jump" | |
| 1119 column indicates the count for the CTRL-O or CTRL-I command that takes you to | |
| 1120 this position. | |
| 1121 | |
| 1122 If you use a jump command, the current line number is inserted at the end of | |
| 1123 the jump list. If the same line was already in the jump list, it is removed. | |
| 1124 The result is that when repeating CTRL-O you will get back to old positions | |
| 1125 only once. | |
| 1126 | |
| 1127 When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used, jumps are not stored in the | |
| 836 | 1128 jumplist. Jumps are also not stored in other cases, e.g., in a |:global| |
| 5220 | 1129 command. You can explicitly add a jump by setting the ' mark with "m'". Note |
| 1130 that calling setpos() does not do this. | |
| 7 | 1131 |
| 1132 After the CTRL-O command that got you into line 1154 you could give another | |
|
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1133 jump command (e.g., "G"). The jump list would then become: > |
| 7 | 1134 |
|
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1135 jump line col file/text |
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1136 4 1 0 some text |
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1137 3 70 0 another line |
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1138 2 1167 0 foo bar |
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1139 1 1154 23 end. |
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1140 > |
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1141 < |
| 7 | 1142 The line numbers will be adjusted for deleted and inserted lines. This fails |
| 1143 if you stop editing a file without writing, like with ":n!". | |
| 1144 | |
| 1145 When you split a window, the jumplist will be copied to the new window. | |
| 1146 | |
| 1147 If you have included the ' item in the 'viminfo' option the jumplist will be | |
| 1148 stored in the viminfo file and restored when starting Vim. | |
| 1149 | |
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1150 *jumplist-stack* |
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1151 When 'jumpoptions' option includes "stack", the jumplist behaves like the tag |
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1152 stack. When jumping to a new location from the middle of the jumplist, the |
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1153 locations after the current position will be discarded. With this option set |
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1154 you can move through a tree of jump locations. When going back up a branch and |
|
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1155 then down another branch, CTRL-O still takes you further up the tree. |
| 7 | 1156 |
|
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1157 Given a jumplist like the following in which CTRL-O has been used to move back |
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1158 three times to location X: > |
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1159 |
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1160 jump line col file/text |
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1161 2 1260 8 mark.c <-- location X-2 |
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1162 1 685 0 eval.c <-- location X-1 |
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1163 > 0 462 36 eval.c <-- location X |
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1164 1 479 39 eval.c |
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1165 2 213 2 mark.c |
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1166 3 181 0 mark.c |
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1167 < |
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1168 jumping to (new) location Y results in the locations after the current |
|
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1169 locations being removed: > |
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1170 |
|
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1171 jump line col file/text |
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1172 3 1260 8 mark.c <-- location X-2 |
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1173 2 685 0 eval.c <-- location X-1 |
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1174 1 462 36 eval.c <-- location X |
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1175 > |
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1176 < |
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1177 Then, when yet another location Z is jumped to, the new location Y appears |
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1178 directly after location X in the jumplist and location X remains in the same |
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1179 position relative to the locations (X-1, X-2, etc., ...) that had been before |
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1180 it prior to the original jump from X to Y: > |
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1181 |
|
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1182 jump line col file/text |
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1183 4 1260 8 mark.c <-- location X-2 |
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1184 3 685 0 eval.c <-- location X-1 |
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1185 2 462 36 eval.c <-- location X |
|
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1186 1 100 0 buffer.c <-- location Y |
|
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1187 > |
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1188 < |
| 7 | 1189 CHANGE LIST JUMPS *changelist* *change-list-jumps* *E664* |
| 1190 | |
| 1191 When making a change the cursor position is remembered. One position is | |
| 1192 remembered for every change that can be undone, unless it is close to a | |
| 1193 previous change. Two commands can be used to jump to positions of changes, | |
| 1194 also those that have been undone: | |
| 1195 | |
| 1196 *g;* *E662* | |
| 1197 g; Go to [count] older position in change list. | |
| 1198 If [count] is larger than the number of older change | |
| 1199 positions go to the oldest change. | |
| 1200 If there is no older change an error message is given. | |
| 1201 (not a motion command) | |
| 1202 | |
| 1203 *g,* *E663* | |
| 30547 | 1204 g, Go to [count] newer position in change list. |
| 236 | 1205 Just like |g;| but in the opposite direction. |
| 7 | 1206 (not a motion command) |
| 1207 | |
| 1208 When using a count you jump as far back or forward as possible. Thus you can | |
| 1209 use "999g;" to go to the first change for which the position is still | |
| 1210 remembered. The number of entries in the change list is fixed and is the same | |
| 1211 as for the |jumplist|. | |
| 1212 | |
| 1213 When two undo-able changes are in the same line and at a column position less | |
| 1214 than 'textwidth' apart only the last one is remembered. This avoids that a | |
| 1215 sequence of small changes in a line, for example "xxxxx", adds many positions | |
| 1216 to the change list. When 'textwidth' is zero 'wrapmargin' is used. When that | |
| 1217 also isn't set a fixed number of 79 is used. Detail: For the computations | |
| 1218 bytes are used, not characters, to avoid a speed penalty (this only matters | |
| 21991 | 1219 for multibyte encodings). |
| 7 | 1220 |
| 1221 Note that when text has been inserted or deleted the cursor position might be | |
| 1222 a bit different from the position of the change. Especially when lines have | |
| 1223 been deleted. | |
| 1224 | |
| 24278 | 1225 When the `:keepjumps` command modifier is used the position of a change is not |
| 7 | 1226 remembered. |
| 1227 | |
| 1228 *:changes* | |
| 1229 :changes Print the change list. A ">" character indicates the | |
| 1230 current position. Just after a change it is below the | |
| 14372 | 1231 newest entry, indicating that `g;` takes you to the |
| 7 | 1232 newest entry position. The first column indicates the |
| 1233 count needed to take you to this position. Example: | |
| 1234 | |
| 1235 change line col text ~ | |
| 1236 3 9 8 bla bla bla | |
| 1237 2 11 57 foo is a bar | |
| 1238 1 14 54 the latest changed line | |
| 1239 > | |
| 1240 | |
| 14372 | 1241 The `3g;` command takes you to line 9. Then the |
| 1242 output of `:changes` is: | |
| 7 | 1243 |
| 1244 change line col text ~ | |
| 1245 > 0 9 8 bla bla bla | |
| 1246 1 11 57 foo is a bar | |
| 1247 2 14 54 the latest changed line | |
| 1248 | |
| 1249 Now you can use "g," to go to line 11 and "2g," to go | |
| 1250 to line 14. | |
| 1251 | |
| 1252 ============================================================================== | |
| 1253 9. Various motions *various-motions* | |
| 1254 | |
| 1255 *%* | |
| 1256 % Find the next item in this line after or under the | |
| 1257 cursor and jump to its match. |inclusive| motion. | |
| 1258 Items can be: | |
| 1259 ([{}]) parenthesis or (curly/square) brackets | |
| 1260 (this can be changed with the | |
| 1261 'matchpairs' option) | |
| 1262 /* */ start or end of C-style comment | |
| 1263 #if, #ifdef, #else, #elif, #endif | |
| 1264 C preprocessor conditionals (when the | |
| 1265 cursor is on the # or no ([{ | |
| 24278 | 1266 is following) |
| 7 | 1267 For other items the matchit plugin can be used, see |
| 1621 | 1268 |matchit-install|. This plugin also helps to skip |
| 1269 matches in comments. | |
| 7 | 1270 |
| 1271 When 'cpoptions' contains "M" |cpo-M| backslashes | |
| 1272 before parens and braces are ignored. Without "M" the | |
| 1273 number of backslashes matters: an even number doesn't | |
| 1274 match with an odd number. Thus in "( \) )" and "\( ( | |
| 1275 \)" the first and last parenthesis match. | |
| 1621 | 1276 |
| 7 | 1277 When the '%' character is not present in 'cpoptions' |
| 1278 |cpo-%|, parens and braces inside double quotes are | |
| 1279 ignored, unless the number of parens/braces in a line | |
| 1280 is uneven and this line and the previous one does not | |
| 1281 end in a backslash. '(', '{', '[', ']', '}' and ')' | |
| 1282 are also ignored (parens and braces inside single | |
| 1283 quotes). Note that this works fine for C, but not for | |
| 1284 Perl, where single quotes are used for strings. | |
| 1621 | 1285 |
| 1286 Nothing special is done for matches in comments. You | |
| 1287 can either use the matchit plugin |matchit-install| or | |
| 1288 put quotes around matches. | |
| 1289 | |
| 1290 No count is allowed, {count}% jumps to a line {count} | |
| 1291 percentage down the file |N%|. Using '%' on | |
| 7 | 1292 #if/#else/#endif makes the movement linewise. |
| 1293 | |
| 1294 *[(* | |
| 24278 | 1295 [( Go to [count] previous unmatched '('. |
|
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1296 |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1297 *[{* |
| 24278 | 1298 [{ Go to [count] previous unmatched '{'. |
|
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1299 |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1300 *])* |
| 24278 | 1301 ]) Go to [count] next unmatched ')'. |
|
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1302 |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1303 *]}* |
| 24278 | 1304 ]} Go to [count] next unmatched '}'. |
|
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1305 |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1306 |
| 1307 The above four commands can be used to go to the start or end of the current | |
| 1308 code block. It is like doing "%" on the '(', ')', '{' or '}' at the other | |
| 1309 end of the code block, but you can do this from anywhere in the code block. | |
| 1310 Very useful for C programs. Example: When standing on "case x:", "[{" will | |
| 1311 bring you back to the switch statement. | |
| 1312 | |
| 1313 *]m* | |
| 1314 ]m Go to [count] next start of a method (for Java or | |
| 1315 similar structured language). When not before the | |
| 1316 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
|
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1317 class. |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1318 *]M* |
| 1319 ]M Go to [count] next end of a method (for Java or | |
| 1320 similar structured language). When not before the end | |
| 1321 of a method, jump to the start or end of the class. | |
|
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1322 |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1323 *[m* |
| 1324 [m Go to [count] previous start of a method (for Java or | |
| 1325 similar structured language). When not after the | |
| 1326 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
| 1327 class. When no '{' is found before the cursor this is | |
|
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1328 an error. |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1329 *[M* |
| 1330 [M Go to [count] previous end of a method (for Java or | |
| 1331 similar structured language). When not after the | |
| 1332 end of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
| 1333 class. When no '}' is found before the cursor this is | |
|
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1334 an error. |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1335 |
| 24278 | 1336 The above four commands assume that the file contains a class with methods. |
| 7 | 1337 The class definition is surrounded in '{' and '}'. Each method in the class |
| 1338 is also surrounded with '{' and '}'. This applies to the Java language. The | |
| 1339 file looks like this: > | |
| 1340 | |
| 1341 // comment | |
| 1342 class foo { | |
| 1343 int method_one() { | |
| 1344 body_one(); | |
| 1345 } | |
| 1346 int method_two() { | |
| 1347 body_two(); | |
| 1348 } | |
| 1349 } | |
| 24278 | 1350 |
| 1351 [To try this out copy the text and put it in a new buffer, the help text above | |
| 1352 confuses the jump commands] | |
| 1353 | |
| 7 | 1354 Starting with the cursor on "body_two()", using "[m" will jump to the '{' at |
| 1355 the start of "method_two()" (obviously this is much more useful when the | |
| 1356 method is long!). Using "2[m" will jump to the start of "method_one()". | |
| 1357 Using "3[m" will jump to the start of the class. | |
| 1358 | |
| 1359 *[#* | |
| 24278 | 1360 [# Go to [count] previous unmatched "#if" or "#else". |
|
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1361 |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1362 |
| 1363 *]#* | |
| 24278 | 1364 ]# Go to [count] next unmatched "#else" or "#endif". |
|
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1365 |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1366 |
| 1367 These two commands work in C programs that contain #if/#else/#endif | |
| 1368 constructs. It brings you to the start or end of the #if/#else/#endif where | |
| 1369 the current line is included. You can then use "%" to go to the matching line. | |
| 1370 | |
| 1371 *[star* *[/* | |
| 24278 | 1372 [* or [/ Go to [count] previous start of a C comment "/*". |
|
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1373 |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1374 |
| 1375 *]star* *]/* | |
| 24278 | 1376 ]* or ]/ Go to [count] next end of a C comment "*/". |
|
16553
0e473e9e70c2
patch 8.1.1280: remarks about functionality not in Vi clutters the help
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
16023
diff
changeset
|
1377 |exclusive| motion. |
| 7 | 1378 |
| 1379 | |
| 1380 *H* | |
| 1381 H To line [count] from top (Home) of window (default: | |
| 1382 first line on the window) on the first non-blank | |
| 1383 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
|
12646
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1384 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option, unless an |
|
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1385 operator is pending, in which case the text may |
|
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1386 scroll. E.g. "yH" yanks from the first visible line |
|
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1387 until the cursor line (inclusive). |
| 7 | 1388 |
| 1389 *M* | |
| 1390 M To Middle line of window, on the first non-blank | |
| 1391 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
| 1392 | |
| 1393 *L* | |
| 1394 L To line [count] from bottom of window (default: Last | |
| 1395 line on the window) on the first non-blank character | |
| 1396 |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
|
12646
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1397 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option, unless an |
|
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1398 operator is pending, in which case the text may |
|
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1399 scroll. E.g. "yL" yanks from the cursor to the last |
|
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1400 visible line. |
| 7 | 1401 |
| 1402 <LeftMouse> Moves to the position on the screen where the mouse | |
| 36 | 1403 click is |exclusive|. See also |<LeftMouse>|. If the |
| 7 | 1404 position is in a status line, that window is made the |
|
16553
0e473e9e70c2
patch 8.1.1280: remarks about functionality not in Vi clutters the help
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
16023
diff
changeset
|
1405 active window and the cursor is not moved. |
| 7 | 1406 |
| 14421 | 1407 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |