Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/motion.txt @ 32888:b1162ad29d73 v9.0.1753
patch 9.0.1753: can't move to last non-blank char
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/b5f6fe9ca2661d06bc0be839447ce1995450b9de
Author: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
Date: Sat Aug 19 15:53:16 2023 +0200
patch 9.0.1753: can't move to last non-blank char
Problem: can't move to last non-blank char
Solution: Make g<end> behave like that
Make it possible to move to last non-blank char on a line
We can distinguish between g0 and g^ to move to the very first character
and the first non-blank char.
And while we can move to the last screen char, we cannot go to the last
non-blank screen char.
Since I think g$ is the more widely used and known movement command (and
g<end> is synonymous to it) change the behaviour of g<end> to move to
last non-screen char instead and don't have this be the same command as
the g$ command anymore.
If you want to keep the old behaviour, you can use:
```
nnoremap g<end> g$
```
Add a test to verify the behaviour.
closes: #12593
Signed-off-by: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
---|---|
date | Sat, 19 Aug 2023 16:00:08 +0200 |
parents | 1e91e26ceebf |
children | 2ad6e8515a78 |
rev | line source |
---|---|
30547 | 1 *motion.txt* For Vim version 9.0. Last change: 2022 Sep 26 |
7 | 2 |
3 | |
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
5 | |
6 | |
7 Cursor motions *cursor-motions* *navigation* | |
8 | |
9 These commands move the cursor position. If the new position is off of the | |
10 screen, the screen is scrolled to show the cursor (see also 'scrolljump' and | |
11 'scrolloff' options). | |
12 | |
13 1. Motions and operators |operator| | |
14 2. Left-right motions |left-right-motions| | |
15 3. Up-down motions |up-down-motions| | |
16 4. Word motions |word-motions| | |
17 5. Text object motions |object-motions| | |
18 6. Text object selection |object-select| | |
19 7. Marks |mark-motions| | |
20 8. Jumps |jump-motions| | |
21 9. Various motions |various-motions| | |
22 | |
23 General remarks: | |
24 | |
25 If you want to know where you are in the file use the "CTRL-G" command | |
26 |CTRL-G| or the "g CTRL-G" command |g_CTRL-G|. If you set the 'ruler' option, | |
27 the cursor position is continuously shown in the status line (which slows down | |
28 Vim a little). | |
29 | |
30 Experienced users prefer the hjkl keys because they are always right under | |
31 their fingers. Beginners often prefer the arrow keys, because they do not | |
32 know what the hjkl keys do. The mnemonic value of hjkl is clear from looking | |
33 at the keyboard. Think of j as an arrow pointing downwards. | |
34 | |
35 The 'virtualedit' option can be set to make it possible to move the cursor to | |
28379 | 36 positions where there is no character or within a multi-column character (like |
37 a tab). | |
7 | 38 |
39 ============================================================================== | |
40 1. Motions and operators *operator* | |
41 | |
42 The motion commands can be used after an operator command, to have the command | |
43 operate on the text that was moved over. That is the text between the cursor | |
44 position before and after the motion. Operators are generally used to delete | |
45 or change text. The following operators are available: | |
46 | |
47 |c| c change | |
48 |d| d delete | |
49 |y| y yank into register (does not change the text) | |
50 |~| ~ swap case (only if 'tildeop' is set) | |
51 |g~| g~ swap case | |
52 |gu| gu make lowercase | |
53 |gU| gU make uppercase | |
54 |!| ! filter through an external program | |
55 |=| = filter through 'equalprg' or C-indenting if empty | |
56 |gq| gq text formatting | |
16808 | 57 |gw| gw text formatting with no cursor movement |
7 | 58 |g?| g? ROT13 encoding |
59 |>| > shift right | |
60 |<| < shift left | |
61 |zf| zf define a fold | |
3713 | 62 |g@| g@ call function set with the 'operatorfunc' option |
24911 | 63 *motion-count-multiplied* |
7 | 64 If the motion includes a count and the operator also had a count before it, |
65 the two counts are multiplied. For example: "2d3w" deletes six words. | |
24911 | 66 *operator-doubled* |
67 When doubling the operator it operates on a line. When using a count, before | |
68 or after the first character, that many lines are operated upon. Thus `3dd` | |
69 deletes three lines. A count before and after the first character is | |
70 multiplied, thus `2y3y` yanks six lines. | |
7 | 71 |
72 After applying the operator the cursor is mostly left at the start of the text | |
73 that was operated upon. For example, "yfe" doesn't move the cursor, but "yFe" | |
74 moves the cursor leftwards to the "e" where the yank started. | |
75 | |
76 *linewise* *characterwise* | |
77 The operator either affects whole lines, or the characters between the start | |
78 and end position. Generally, motions that move between lines affect lines | |
79 (are linewise), and motions that move within a line affect characters (are | |
80 characterwise). However, there are some exceptions. | |
81 | |
82 *exclusive* *inclusive* | |
456 | 83 A character motion is either inclusive or exclusive. When inclusive, the |
84 start and end position of the motion are included in the operation. When | |
85 exclusive, the last character towards the end of the buffer is not included. | |
86 Linewise motions always include the start and end position. | |
7 | 87 |
456 | 88 Which motions are linewise, inclusive or exclusive is mentioned with the |
89 command. There are however, two general exceptions: | |
7 | 90 1. If the motion is exclusive and the end of the motion is in column 1, the |
91 end of the motion is moved to the end of the previous line and the motion | |
92 becomes inclusive. Example: "}" moves to the first line after a paragraph, | |
93 but "d}" will not include that line. | |
20 | 94 *exclusive-linewise* |
7 | 95 2. If the motion is exclusive, the end of the motion is in column 1 and the |
96 start of the motion was at or before the first non-blank in the line, the | |
97 motion becomes linewise. Example: If a paragraph begins with some blanks | |
98 and you do "d}" while standing on the first non-blank, all the lines of | |
99 the paragraph are deleted, including the blanks. If you do a put now, the | |
100 deleted lines will be inserted below the cursor position. | |
101 | |
102 Note that when the operator is pending (the operator command is typed, but the | |
103 motion isn't yet), a special set of mappings can be used. See |:omap|. | |
104 | |
105 Instead of first giving the operator and then a motion you can use Visual | |
106 mode: mark the start of the text with "v", move the cursor to the end of the | |
107 text that is to be affected and then hit the operator. The text between the | |
108 start and the cursor position is highlighted, so you can see what text will | |
109 be operated upon. This allows much more freedom, but requires more key | |
110 strokes and has limited redo functionality. See the chapter on Visual mode | |
111 |Visual-mode|. | |
112 | |
113 You can use a ":" command for a motion. For example "d:call FindEnd()". | |
4229 | 114 But this can't be repeated with "." if the command is more than one line. |
7 | 115 This can be repeated: > |
116 d:call search("f")<CR> | |
117 This cannot be repeated: > | |
118 d:if 1<CR> | |
119 call search("f")<CR> | |
120 endif<CR> | |
4229 | 121 Note that when using ":" any motion becomes characterwise exclusive. |
7 | 122 |
15281 | 123 *forced-motion* |
7 | 124 FORCING A MOTION TO BE LINEWISE, CHARACTERWISE OR BLOCKWISE |
125 | |
126 When a motion is not of the type you would like to use, you can force another | |
127 type by using "v", "V" or CTRL-V just after the operator. | |
128 Example: > | |
129 dj | |
130 deletes two lines > | |
131 dvj | |
132 deletes from the cursor position until the character below the cursor > | |
133 d<C-V>j | |
134 deletes the character under the cursor and the character below the cursor. > | |
135 | |
136 Be careful with forcing a linewise movement to be used characterwise or | |
137 blockwise, the column may not always be defined. | |
138 | |
139 *o_v* | |
140 v When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
141 the operator to work characterwise, also when the motion is | |
142 linewise. If the motion was linewise, it will become | |
143 |exclusive|. | |
144 If the motion already was characterwise, toggle | |
145 inclusive/exclusive. This can be used to make an exclusive | |
146 motion inclusive and an inclusive motion exclusive. | |
147 | |
148 *o_V* | |
149 V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
150 the operator to work linewise, also when the motion is | |
151 characterwise. | |
152 | |
153 *o_CTRL-V* | |
154 CTRL-V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
155 the operator to work blockwise. This works like Visual block | |
156 mode selection, with the corners defined by the cursor | |
157 position before and after the motion. | |
158 | |
159 ============================================================================== | |
160 2. Left-right motions *left-right-motions* | |
161 | |
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162 These commands move the cursor to the specified column in the current line. |
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163 They stop at the first column and at the end of the line, except "$", which |
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164 may move to one of the next lines. See 'whichwrap' option to make some of the |
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165 commands move across line boundaries. |
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166 |
7 | 167 h or *h* |
168 <Left> or *<Left>* | |
169 CTRL-H or *CTRL-H* *<BS>* | |
170 <BS> [count] characters to the left. |exclusive| motion. | |
171 Note: If you prefer <BS> to delete a character, use | |
172 the mapping: | |
173 :map CTRL-V<BS> X | |
174 (to enter "CTRL-V<BS>" type the CTRL-V key, followed | |
175 by the <BS> key) | |
176 See |:fixdel| if the <BS> key does not do what you | |
177 want. | |
178 | |
179 l or *l* | |
180 <Right> or *<Right>* *<Space>* | |
181 <Space> [count] characters to the right. |exclusive| motion. | |
6823 | 182 See the 'whichwrap' option for adjusting the behavior |
183 at end of line | |
7 | 184 |
185 *0* | |
186 0 To the first character of the line. |exclusive| | |
1121 | 187 motion. |
7 | 188 |
189 *<Home>* *<kHome>* | |
190 <Home> To the first character of the line. |exclusive| | |
1121 | 191 motion. When moving up or down next, stay in same |
192 TEXT column (if possible). Most other commands stay | |
193 in the same SCREEN column. <Home> works like "1|", | |
194 which differs from "0" when the line starts with a | |
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195 <Tab>. |
7 | 196 |
197 *^* | |
198 ^ To the first non-blank character of the line. | |
22723 | 199 |exclusive| motion. Any count is ignored. |
7 | 200 |
201 *$* *<End>* *<kEnd>* | |
202 $ or <End> To the end of the line. When a count is given also go | |
22723 | 203 [count - 1] lines downward, or as far is possible. |
25056 | 204 |inclusive| motion. If a count of 2 or larger is |
22723 | 205 given and the cursor is on the last line, that is an |
25056 | 206 error and the cursor doesn't move. |
7 | 207 In Visual mode the cursor goes to just after the last |
208 character in the line. | |
209 When 'virtualedit' is active, "$" may move the cursor | |
210 back from past the end of the line to the last | |
211 character in the line. | |
212 | |
213 *g_* | |
214 g_ To the last non-blank character of the line and | |
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215 [count - 1] lines downward |inclusive|. |
7 | 216 |
217 *g0* *g<Home>* | |
218 g0 or g<Home> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first character of | |
219 the screen line. |exclusive| motion. Differs from | |
220 "0" when a line is wider than the screen. | |
221 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost | |
222 character of the current line that is on the screen. | |
223 Differs from "0" when the first character of the line | |
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224 is not on the screen. |
7 | 225 |
226 *g^* | |
227 g^ When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first non-blank | |
228 character of the screen line. |exclusive| motion. | |
229 Differs from "^" when a line is wider than the screen. | |
230 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost | |
231 non-blank character of the current line that is on the | |
232 screen. Differs from "^" when the first non-blank | |
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233 character of the line is not on the screen. |
7 | 234 |
235 *gm* | |
236 gm Like "g0", but half a screenwidth to the right (or as | |
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237 much as possible). |
7 | 238 |
18489 | 239 *gM* |
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240 gM Like "g0", but to halfway the text of the line. |
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241 With a count: to this percentage of text in the line. |
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242 Thus "10gM" is near the start of the text and "90gM" |
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243 is near the end of the text. |
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244 |
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245 *g$* |
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246 g$ When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the last character of |
7 | 247 the screen line and [count - 1] screen lines downward |
248 |inclusive|. Differs from "$" when a line is wider | |
249 than the screen. | |
250 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the rightmost | |
251 character of the current line that is visible on the | |
252 screen. Differs from "$" when the last character of | |
253 the line is not on the screen or when a count is used. | |
254 Additionally, vertical movements keep the column, | |
255 instead of going to the end of the line. | |
5220 | 256 When 'virtualedit' is enabled moves to the end of the |
257 screen line. | |
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258 *g<End>* |
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259 g<End> Like |g$| but to the last non-blank character |
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260 instead of the last character. |
7 | 261 |
262 *bar* | |
263 | To screen column [count] in the current line. | |
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264 |exclusive| motion. Ceci n'est pas une pipe. |
7 | 265 |
266 *f* | |
267 f{char} To [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the right. The | |
268 cursor is placed on {char} |inclusive|. | |
269 {char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|. | |
270 When 'encoding' is set to Unicode, composing | |
271 characters may be used, see |utf-8-char-arg|. | |
272 |:lmap| mappings apply to {char}. The CTRL-^ command | |
273 in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off | |
274 |i_CTRL-^|. | |
275 | |
276 *F* | |
277 F{char} To the [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the left. | |
456 | 278 The cursor is placed on {char} |exclusive|. |
7 | 279 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. |
280 | |
281 *t* | |
282 t{char} Till before [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the | |
283 right. The cursor is placed on the character left of | |
284 {char} |inclusive|. | |
285 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. | |
286 | |
287 *T* | |
288 T{char} Till after [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the | |
289 left. The cursor is placed on the character right of | |
456 | 290 {char} |exclusive|. |
7 | 291 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. |
292 | |
293 *;* | |
2925 | 294 ; Repeat latest f, t, F or T [count] times. See |cpo-;| |
7 | 295 |
296 *,* | |
297 , Repeat latest f, t, F or T in opposite direction | |
2925 | 298 [count] times. See also |cpo-;| |
7 | 299 |
300 ============================================================================== | |
301 3. Up-down motions *up-down-motions* | |
302 | |
303 k or *k* | |
304 <Up> or *<Up>* *CTRL-P* | |
305 CTRL-P [count] lines upward |linewise|. | |
306 | |
307 j or *j* | |
308 <Down> or *<Down>* | |
309 CTRL-J or *CTRL-J* | |
310 <NL> or *<NL>* *CTRL-N* | |
311 CTRL-N [count] lines downward |linewise|. | |
312 | |
313 gk or *gk* *g<Up>* | |
314 g<Up> [count] display lines upward. |exclusive| motion. | |
315 Differs from 'k' when lines wrap, and when used with | |
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316 an operator, because it's not linewise. |
7 | 317 |
318 gj or *gj* *g<Down>* | |
319 g<Down> [count] display lines downward. |exclusive| motion. | |
320 Differs from 'j' when lines wrap, and when used with | |
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321 an operator, because it's not linewise. |
7 | 322 |
323 *-* | |
324 - <minus> [count] lines upward, on the first non-blank | |
325 character |linewise|. | |
326 | |
327 + or *+* | |
328 CTRL-M or *CTRL-M* *<CR>* | |
329 <CR> [count] lines downward, on the first non-blank | |
330 character |linewise|. | |
331 | |
332 *_* | |
333 _ <underscore> [count] - 1 lines downward, on the first non-blank | |
334 character |linewise|. | |
335 | |
336 *G* | |
337 G Goto line [count], default last line, on the first | |
338 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not | |
339 set, keep the same column. | |
16023 | 340 G is one of the |jump-motions|. |
7 | 341 |
342 *<C-End>* | |
343 <C-End> Goto line [count], default last line, on the last | |
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344 character |inclusive|. |
7 | 345 |
346 <C-Home> or *gg* *<C-Home>* | |
347 gg Goto line [count], default first line, on the first | |
348 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not | |
349 set, keep the same column. | |
350 | |
3750 | 351 *:[range]* |
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352 :[range] Set the cursor on the last line number in [range]. |
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353 [range] can also be just one line number, e.g., ":1" |
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354 or ":'m". |
2152 | 355 In contrast with |G| this command does not modify the |
356 |jumplist|. | |
7 | 357 *N%* |
358 {count}% Go to {count} percentage in the file, on the first | |
359 non-blank in the line |linewise|. To compute the new | |
360 line number this formula is used: | |
361 ({count} * number-of-lines + 99) / 100 | |
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362 See also 'startofline' option. |
7 | 363 |
364 :[range]go[to] [count] *:go* *:goto* *go* | |
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365 [count]go Go to [count] byte in the buffer. Default [count] is |
7 | 366 one, start of the file. When giving [range], the |
367 last number in it used as the byte count. End-of-line | |
368 characters are counted depending on the current | |
369 'fileformat' setting. | |
2908 | 370 Also see the |line2byte()| function, and the 'o' |
371 option in 'statusline'. | |
7 | 372 {not available when compiled without the |
373 |+byte_offset| feature} | |
374 | |
375 These commands move to the specified line. They stop when reaching the first | |
376 or the last line. The first two commands put the cursor in the same column | |
377 (if possible) as it was after the last command that changed the column, | |
378 except after the "$" command, then the cursor will be put on the last | |
379 character of the line. | |
380 | |
161 | 381 If "k", "-" or CTRL-P is used with a [count] and there are less than [count] |
382 lines above the cursor and the 'cpo' option includes the "-" flag it is an | |
383 error. |cpo--|. | |
384 | |
7 | 385 ============================================================================== |
386 4. Word motions *word-motions* | |
387 | |
388 <S-Right> or *<S-Right>* *w* | |
389 w [count] words forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
390 | |
391 <C-Right> or *<C-Right>* *W* | |
392 W [count] WORDS forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
26438 | 393 If <C-Right> does not work, check out |
394 |arrow_modifiers|. | |
7 | 395 |
396 *e* | |
397 e Forward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|. | |
1621 | 398 Does not stop in an empty line. |
7 | 399 |
400 *E* | |
401 E Forward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|. | |
1621 | 402 Does not stop in an empty line. |
7 | 403 |
404 <S-Left> or *<S-Left>* *b* | |
405 b [count] words backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
406 | |
407 <C-Left> or *<C-Left>* *B* | |
408 B [count] WORDS backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
26438 | 409 If <C-Left> does not work, check out |
410 |arrow_modifiers|. | |
7 | 411 |
412 *ge* | |
413 ge Backward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|. | |
414 | |
415 *gE* | |
416 gE Backward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|. | |
417 | |
418 These commands move over words or WORDS. | |
419 *word* | |
420 A word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores, or a | |
421 sequence of other non-blank characters, separated with white space (spaces, | |
625 | 422 tabs, <EOL>). This can be changed with the 'iskeyword' option. An empty line |
423 is also considered to be a word. | |
7 | 424 *WORD* |
425 A WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white | |
625 | 426 space. An empty line is also considered to be a WORD. |
7 | 427 |
428 A sequence of folded lines is counted for one word of a single character. | |
429 "w" and "W", "e" and "E" move to the start/end of the first word or WORD after | |
430 a range of folded lines. "b" and "B" move to the start of the first word or | |
431 WORD before the fold. | |
432 | |
433 Special case: "cw" and "cW" are treated like "ce" and "cE" if the cursor is | |
434 on a non-blank. This is because "cw" is interpreted as change-word, and a | |
16610 | 435 word does not include the following white space. |
7 | 436 |
437 Another special case: When using the "w" motion in combination with an | |
438 operator and the last word moved over is at the end of a line, the end of | |
439 that word becomes the end of the operated text, not the first word in the | |
440 next line. | |
441 | |
442 The original Vi implementation of "e" is buggy. For example, the "e" command | |
443 will stop on the first character of a line if the previous line was empty. | |
444 But when you use "2e" this does not happen. In Vim "ee" and "2e" are the | |
445 same, which is more logical. However, this causes a small incompatibility | |
446 between Vi and Vim. | |
447 | |
448 ============================================================================== | |
449 5. Text object motions *object-motions* | |
450 | |
451 *(* | |
28379 | 452 ( [count] |sentence|s backward. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 453 |
454 *)* | |
28379 | 455 ) [count] |sentence|s forward. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 456 |
457 *{* | |
28379 | 458 { [count] |paragraph|s backward. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 459 |
460 *}* | |
28379 | 461 } [count] |paragraph|s forward. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 462 |
463 *]]* | |
28379 | 464 ]] [count] |section|s forward or to the next '{' in the |
20 | 465 first column. When used after an operator, then also |
466 stops below a '}' in the first column. |exclusive| | |
467 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 468 |
469 *][* | |
28379 | 470 ][ [count] |section|s forward or to the next '}' in the |
20 | 471 first column. |exclusive| |
472 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 473 |
474 *[[* | |
28379 | 475 [[ [count] |section|s backward or to the previous '{' in |
20 | 476 the first column. |exclusive| |
477 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 478 |
479 *[]* | |
28379 | 480 [] [count] |section|s backward or to the previous '}' in |
20 | 481 the first column. |exclusive| |
482 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 483 |
484 These commands move over three kinds of text objects. | |
485 | |
486 *sentence* | |
487 A sentence is defined as ending at a '.', '!' or '?' followed by either the | |
488 end of a line, or by a space or tab. Any number of closing ')', ']', '"' | |
489 and ''' characters may appear after the '.', '!' or '?' before the spaces, | |
490 tabs or end of line. A paragraph and section boundary is also a sentence | |
491 boundary. | |
492 If the 'J' flag is present in 'cpoptions', at least two spaces have to | |
493 follow the punctuation mark; <Tab>s are not recognized as white space. | |
494 The definition of a sentence cannot be changed. | |
495 | |
496 *paragraph* | |
497 A paragraph begins after each empty line, and also at each of a set of | |
498 paragraph macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the 'paragraphs' | |
1621 | 499 option. The default is "IPLPPPQPP TPHPLIPpLpItpplpipbp", which corresponds to |
500 the macros ".IP", ".LP", etc. (These are nroff macros, so the dot must be in | |
501 the first column). A section boundary is also a paragraph boundary. | |
164 | 502 Note that a blank line (only containing white space) is NOT a paragraph |
503 boundary. | |
504 Also note that this does not include a '{' or '}' in the first column. When | |
505 the '{' flag is in 'cpoptions' then '{' in the first column is used as a | |
506 paragraph boundary |posix|. | |
7 | 507 |
508 *section* | |
509 A section begins after a form-feed (<C-L>) in the first column and at each of | |
510 a set of section macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the | |
511 'sections' option. The default is "SHNHH HUnhsh", which defines a section to | |
512 start at the nroff macros ".SH", ".NH", ".H", ".HU", ".nh" and ".sh". | |
513 | |
21991 | 514 The "]]" and "[[" commands stop at the '{' in the first column. This is |
515 useful to find the start of a function in a C program. To search for a '}' in | |
516 the first column, the end of a C function, use "][" (forward) or "[]" | |
517 (backward). Note that the first character of the command determines the | |
518 search direction. | |
7 | 519 |
520 If your '{' or '}' are not in the first column, and you would like to use "[[" | |
521 and "]]" anyway, try these mappings: > | |
522 :map [[ ?{<CR>w99[{ | |
523 :map ][ /}<CR>b99]} | |
524 :map ]] j0[[%/{<CR> | |
525 :map [] k$][%?}<CR> | |
526 [type these literally, see |<>|] | |
527 | |
528 ============================================================================== | |
529 6. Text object selection *object-select* *text-objects* | |
530 *v_a* *v_i* | |
531 | |
532 This is a series of commands that can only be used while in Visual mode or | |
533 after an operator. The commands that start with "a" select "a"n object | |
534 including white space, the commands starting with "i" select an "inner" object | |
535 without white space, or just the white space. Thus the "inner" commands | |
536 always select less text than the "a" commands. | |
537 | |
3713 | 538 Also see `gn` and `gN`, operating on the last search pattern. |
539 | |
7 | 540 *v_aw* *aw* |
541 aw "a word", select [count] words (see |word|). | |
542 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not | |
543 counted. | |
544 When used in Visual linewise mode "aw" switches to | |
545 Visual characterwise mode. | |
546 | |
547 *v_iw* *iw* | |
548 iw "inner word", select [count] words (see |word|). | |
549 White space between words is counted too. | |
550 When used in Visual linewise mode "iw" switches to | |
551 Visual characterwise mode. | |
552 | |
553 *v_aW* *aW* | |
554 aW "a WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|). | |
555 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not | |
556 counted. | |
557 When used in Visual linewise mode "aW" switches to | |
558 Visual characterwise mode. | |
559 | |
560 *v_iW* *iW* | |
561 iW "inner WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|). | |
562 White space between words is counted too. | |
563 When used in Visual linewise mode "iW" switches to | |
564 Visual characterwise mode. | |
565 | |
566 *v_as* *as* | |
567 as "a sentence", select [count] sentences (see | |
568 |sentence|). | |
569 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
570 | |
571 *v_is* *is* | |
572 is "inner sentence", select [count] sentences (see | |
573 |sentence|). | |
574 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
575 | |
576 *v_ap* *ap* | |
577 ap "a paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see | |
578 |paragraph|). | |
579 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space) | |
580 is also a paragraph boundary. | |
581 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise. | |
582 | |
583 *v_ip* *ip* | |
584 ip "inner paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see | |
585 |paragraph|). | |
586 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space) | |
587 is also a paragraph boundary. | |
588 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise. | |
589 | |
590 a] *v_a]* *v_a[* *a]* *a[* | |
591 a[ "a [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This | |
592 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds | |
593 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected, | |
594 including the '[' and ']'. | |
595 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
596 | |
597 i] *v_i]* *v_i[* *i]* *i[* | |
598 i[ "inner [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This | |
599 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds | |
600 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected, | |
601 excluding the '[' and ']'. | |
602 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
603 | |
604 a) *v_a)* *a)* *a(* | |
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605 a( *vab* *v_ab* *v_a(* *ab* |
7 | 606 ab "a block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" to |
607 the matching ')', including the '(' and ')' (see | |
608 |[(|). Does not include white space outside of the | |
609 parenthesis. | |
610 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
611 | |
612 i) *v_i)* *i)* *i(* | |
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613 i( *vib* *v_ib* *v_i(* *ib* |
7 | 614 ib "inner block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" |
615 to the matching ')', excluding the '(' and ')' (see | |
29756 | 616 |[(|). If the cursor is not inside a () block, then |
617 find the next "(". | |
7 | 618 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
619 | |
620 a> *v_a>* *v_a<* *a>* *a<* | |
621 a< "a <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from the | |
622 [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching | |
623 '>', including the '<' and '>'. | |
624 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
625 | |
626 i> *v_i>* *v_i<* *i>* *i<* | |
627 i< "inner <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from | |
628 the [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching | |
629 '>', excluding the '<' and '>'. | |
630 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
631 | |
422 | 632 *v_at* *at* |
633 at "a tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the | |
634 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching | |
635 "</aaa>", including the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>". | |
636 See |tag-blocks| about the details. | |
637 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
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638 Only available when compiled with the |+eval| feature. |
422 | 639 |
640 *v_it* *it* | |
641 it "inner tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the | |
642 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching | |
643 "</aaa>", excluding the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>". | |
644 See |tag-blocks| about the details. | |
645 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
646 | |
7 | 647 a} *v_a}* *a}* *a{* |
648 a{ *v_aB* *v_a{* *aB* | |
649 aB "a Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" to | |
650 the matching '}', including the '{' and '}' (see | |
651 |[{|). | |
652 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
653 | |
654 i} *v_i}* *i}* *i{* | |
655 i{ *v_iB* *v_i{* *iB* | |
656 iB "inner Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" | |
657 to the matching '}', excluding the '{' and '}' (see | |
658 |[{|). | |
659 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
660 | |
12 | 661 a" *v_aquote* *aquote* |
662 a' *v_a'* *a'* | |
663 a` *v_a`* *a`* | |
664 "a quoted string". Selects the text from the previous | |
849 | 665 quote until the next quote. The 'quoteescape' option |
666 is used to skip escaped quotes. | |
667 Only works within one line. | |
12 | 668 When the cursor starts on a quote, Vim will figure out |
669 which quote pairs form a string by searching from the | |
670 start of the line. | |
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671 Any trailing white space is included, unless there is |
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672 none, then leading white space is included. |
12 | 673 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
674 Repeating this object in Visual mode another string is | |
675 included. A count is currently not used. | |
676 | |
677 i" *v_iquote* *iquote* | |
678 i' *v_i'* *i'* | |
679 i` *v_i`* *i`* | |
680 Like a", a' and a`, but exclude the quotes and | |
681 repeating won't extend the Visual selection. | |
527 | 682 Special case: With a count of 2 the quotes are |
683 included, but no extra white space as with a"/a'/a`. | |
12 | 684 |
7 | 685 When used after an operator: |
686 For non-block objects: | |
687 For the "a" commands: The operator applies to the object and the white | |
688 space after the object. If there is no white space after the object | |
689 or when the cursor was in the white space before the object, the white | |
690 space before the object is included. | |
691 For the "inner" commands: If the cursor was on the object, the | |
692 operator applies to the object. If the cursor was on white space, the | |
693 operator applies to the white space. | |
694 For a block object: | |
695 The operator applies to the block where the cursor is in, or the block | |
696 on which the cursor is on one of the braces. For the "inner" commands | |
697 the surrounding braces are excluded. For the "a" commands, the braces | |
698 are included. | |
699 | |
700 When used in Visual mode: | |
701 When start and end of the Visual area are the same (just after typing "v"): | |
702 One object is selected, the same as for using an operator. | |
703 When start and end of the Visual area are not the same: | |
704 For non-block objects the area is extended by one object or the white | |
705 space up to the next object, or both for the "a" objects. The | |
706 direction in which this happens depends on which side of the Visual | |
707 area the cursor is. For the block objects the block is extended one | |
708 level outwards. | |
709 | |
710 For illustration, here is a list of delete commands, grouped from small to big | |
711 objects. Note that for a single character and a whole line the existing vi | |
712 movement commands are used. | |
713 "dl" delete character (alias: "x") |dl| | |
714 "diw" delete inner word *diw* | |
715 "daw" delete a word *daw* | |
716 "diW" delete inner WORD (see |WORD|) *diW* | |
717 "daW" delete a WORD (see |WORD|) *daW* | |
3713 | 718 "dgn" delete the next search pattern match *dgn* |
7 | 719 "dd" delete one line |dd| |
720 "dis" delete inner sentence *dis* | |
721 "das" delete a sentence *das* | |
722 "dib" delete inner '(' ')' block *dib* | |
723 "dab" delete a '(' ')' block *dab* | |
724 "dip" delete inner paragraph *dip* | |
725 "dap" delete a paragraph *dap* | |
726 "diB" delete inner '{' '}' block *diB* | |
727 "daB" delete a '{' '}' block *daB* | |
728 | |
729 Note the difference between using a movement command and an object. The | |
730 movement command operates from here (cursor position) to where the movement | |
731 takes us. When using an object the whole object is operated upon, no matter | |
732 where on the object the cursor is. For example, compare "dw" and "daw": "dw" | |
733 deletes from the cursor position to the start of the next word, "daw" deletes | |
734 the word under the cursor and the space after or before it. | |
735 | |
422 | 736 |
737 Tag blocks *tag-blocks* | |
738 | |
739 For the "it" and "at" text objects an attempt is done to select blocks between | |
740 matching tags for HTML and XML. But since these are not completely compatible | |
741 there are a few restrictions. | |
742 | |
743 The normal method is to select a <tag> until the matching </tag>. For "at" | |
744 the tags are included, for "it" they are excluded. But when "it" is repeated | |
853 | 745 the tags will be included (otherwise nothing would change). Also, "it" used |
746 on a tag block with no contents will select the leading tag. | |
422 | 747 |
748 "<aaa/>" items are skipped. Case is ignored, also for XML where case does | |
749 matter. | |
750 | |
751 In HTML it is possible to have a tag like <br> or <meta ...> without a | |
752 matching end tag. These are ignored. | |
753 | |
754 The text objects are tolerant about mistakes. Stray end tags are ignored. | |
755 | |
7 | 756 ============================================================================== |
757 7. Marks *mark-motions* *E20* *E78* | |
758 | |
759 Jumping to a mark can be done in two ways: | |
760 1. With ` (backtick): The cursor is positioned at the specified location | |
761 and the motion is |exclusive|. | |
762 2. With ' (single quote): The cursor is positioned on the first non-blank | |
763 character in the line of the specified location and | |
764 the motion is linewise. | |
765 | |
766 *m* *mark* *Mark* | |
767 m{a-zA-Z} Set mark {a-zA-Z} at cursor position (does not move | |
768 the cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
769 | |
770 *m'* *m`* | |
771 m' or m` Set the previous context mark. This can be jumped to | |
772 with the "''" or "``" command (does not move the | |
773 cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
774 | |
775 *m[* *m]* | |
776 m[ or m] Set the |'[| or |']| mark. Useful when an operator is | |
777 to be simulated by multiple commands. (does not move | |
778 the cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
779 | |
3682 | 780 *m<* *m>* |
781 m< or m> Set the |'<| or |'>| mark. Useful to change what the | |
782 `gv` command selects. (does not move the cursor, this | |
783 is not a motion command). | |
784 Note that the Visual mode cannot be set, only the | |
785 start and end position. | |
786 | |
7 | 787 *:ma* *:mark* *E191* |
9 | 788 :[range]ma[rk] {a-zA-Z'} |
789 Set mark {a-zA-Z'} at last line number in [range], | |
7 | 790 column 0. Default is cursor line. |
791 | |
792 *:k* | |
9 | 793 :[range]k{a-zA-Z'} Same as :mark, but the space before the mark name can |
7 | 794 be omitted. |
26779 | 795 This command is not supported in |Vim9| script, |
796 because it is too easily confused with a variable | |
797 name. | |
7 | 798 |
799 *'* *'a* *`* *`a* | |
1121 | 800 '{a-z} `{a-z} Jump to the mark {a-z} in the current buffer. |
7 | 801 |
802 *'A* *'0* *`A* *`0* | |
1121 | 803 '{A-Z0-9} `{A-Z0-9} To the mark {A-Z0-9} in the file where it was set (not |
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804 a motion command when in another file). |
7 | 805 |
806 *g'* *g'a* *g`* *g`a* | |
807 g'{mark} g`{mark} | |
808 Jump to the {mark}, but don't change the jumplist when | |
809 jumping within the current buffer. Example: > | |
810 g`" | |
811 < jumps to the last known position in a file. See | |
9 | 812 $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim. |
813 Also see |:keepjumps|. | |
7 | 814 |
815 *:marks* | |
816 :marks List all the current marks (not a motion command). | |
817 The |'(|, |')|, |'{| and |'}| marks are not listed. | |
843 | 818 The first column has number zero. |
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819 |
7 | 820 *E283* |
821 :marks {arg} List the marks that are mentioned in {arg} (not a | |
822 motion command). For example: > | |
823 :marks aB | |
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824 < to list marks 'a' and 'B'. |
7 | 825 |
24 | 826 *:delm* *:delmarks* |
856 | 827 :delm[arks] {marks} Delete the specified marks. Marks that can be deleted |
24 | 828 include A-Z and 0-9. You cannot delete the ' mark. |
829 They can be specified by giving the list of mark | |
830 names, or with a range, separated with a dash. Spaces | |
831 are ignored. Examples: > | |
832 :delmarks a deletes mark a | |
833 :delmarks a b 1 deletes marks a, b and 1 | |
834 :delmarks Aa deletes marks A and a | |
835 :delmarks p-z deletes marks in the range p to z | |
836 :delmarks ^.[] deletes marks ^ . [ ] | |
837 :delmarks \" deletes mark " | |
838 | |
839 :delm[arks]! Delete all marks for the current buffer, but not marks | |
840 A-Z or 0-9. | |
841 | |
7 | 842 A mark is not visible in any way. It is just a position in the file that is |
843 remembered. Do not confuse marks with named registers, they are totally | |
844 unrelated. | |
845 | |
846 'a - 'z lowercase marks, valid within one file | |
847 'A - 'Z uppercase marks, also called file marks, valid between files | |
848 '0 - '9 numbered marks, set from .viminfo file | |
849 | |
850 Lowercase marks 'a to 'z are remembered as long as the file remains in the | |
851 buffer list. If you remove the file from the buffer list, all its marks are | |
852 lost. If you delete a line that contains a mark, that mark is erased. | |
853 | |
854 Lowercase marks can be used in combination with operators. For example: "d't" | |
855 deletes the lines from the cursor position to mark 't'. Hint: Use mark 't' for | |
856 Top, 'b' for Bottom, etc.. Lowercase marks are restored when using undo and | |
857 redo. | |
858 | |
16610 | 859 Uppercase marks 'A to 'Z include the file name. You can use them to jump from |
860 file to file. You can only use an uppercase mark with an operator if the mark | |
861 is in the current file. The line number of the mark remains correct, even if | |
862 you insert/delete lines or edit another file for a moment. When the 'viminfo' | |
863 option is not empty, uppercase marks are kept in the .viminfo file. See | |
864 |viminfo-file-marks|. | |
7 | 865 |
866 Numbered marks '0 to '9 are quite different. They can not be set directly. | |
867 They are only present when using a viminfo file |viminfo-file|. Basically '0 | |
868 is the location of the cursor when you last exited Vim, '1 the last but one | |
869 time, etc. Use the "r" flag in 'viminfo' to specify files for which no | |
870 Numbered mark should be stored. See |viminfo-file-marks|. | |
871 | |
872 | |
873 *'[* *`[* | |
874 '[ `[ To the first character of the previously changed | |
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875 or yanked text. |
7 | 876 |
877 *']* *`]* | |
878 '] `] To the last character of the previously changed or | |
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879 yanked text. |
7 | 880 |
881 After executing an operator the Cursor is put at the beginning of the text | |
882 that was operated upon. After a put command ("p" or "P") the cursor is | |
883 sometimes placed at the first inserted line and sometimes on the last inserted | |
884 character. The four commands above put the cursor at either end. Example: | |
885 After yanking 10 lines you want to go to the last one of them: "10Y']". After | |
886 inserting several lines with the "p" command you want to jump to the lowest | |
887 inserted line: "p']". This also works for text that has been inserted. | |
888 | |
889 Note: After deleting text, the start and end positions are the same, except | |
890 when using blockwise Visual mode. These commands do not work when no change | |
891 was made yet in the current file. | |
892 | |
893 *'<* *`<* | |
1698 | 894 '< `< To the first line or character of the last selected |
895 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it | |
896 may also be the last character in the first line (to | |
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897 be able to define the block). |
7 | 898 |
899 *'>* *`>* | |
1698 | 900 '> `> To the last line or character of the last selected |
901 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it | |
902 may also be the first character of the last line (to | |
903 be able to define the block). Note that 'selection' | |
856 | 904 applies, the position may be just after the Visual |
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905 area. |
7 | 906 |
907 *''* *``* | |
36 | 908 '' `` To the position before the latest jump, or where the |
909 last "m'" or "m`" command was given. Not set when the | |
7 | 910 |:keepjumps| command modifier was used. |
911 Also see |restore-position|. | |
912 | |
913 *'quote* *`quote* | |
914 '" `" To the cursor position when last exiting the current | |
915 buffer. Defaults to the first character of the first | |
916 line. See |last-position-jump| for how to use this | |
917 for each opened file. | |
918 Only one position is remembered per buffer, not one | |
919 for each window. As long as the buffer is visible in | |
920 a window the position won't be changed. | |
921 | |
922 *'^* *`^* | |
923 '^ `^ To the position where the cursor was the last time | |
42 | 924 when Insert mode was stopped. This is used by the |
925 |gi| command. Not set when the |:keepjumps| command | |
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926 modifier was used. |
7 | 927 |
928 *'.* *`.* | |
929 '. `. To the position where the last change was made. The | |
930 position is at or near where the change started. | |
931 Sometimes a command is executed as several changes, | |
932 then the position can be near the end of what the | |
933 command changed. For example when inserting a word, | |
934 the position will be on the last character. | |
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935 To jump to older changes use |g;|. |
7 | 936 |
937 *'(* *`(* | |
938 '( `( To the start of the current sentence, like the |(| | |
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939 command. |
7 | 940 |
941 *')* *`)* | |
942 ') `) To the end of the current sentence, like the |)| | |
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943 command. |
7 | 944 |
945 *'{* *`{* | |
946 '{ `{ To the start of the current paragraph, like the |{| | |
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947 command. |
7 | 948 |
949 *'}* *`}* | |
950 '} `} To the end of the current paragraph, like the |}| | |
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951 command. |
7 | 952 |
953 These commands are not marks themselves, but jump to a mark: | |
954 | |
955 *]'* | |
956 ]' [count] times to next line with a lowercase mark below | |
957 the cursor, on the first non-blank character in the | |
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958 line. |
7 | 959 |
960 *]`* | |
24278 | 961 ]` [count] times to lowercase mark after the cursor. |
7 | 962 |
963 *['* | |
964 [' [count] times to previous line with a lowercase mark | |
965 before the cursor, on the first non-blank character in | |
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966 the line. |
7 | 967 |
968 *[`* | |
969 [` [count] times to lowercase mark before the cursor. | |
970 | |
971 | |
16944 | 972 :loc[kmarks] {command} *:loc* *:lock* *:lockmarks* |
7 | 973 Execute {command} without adjusting marks. This is |
974 useful when changing text in a way that the line count | |
975 will be the same when the change has completed. | |
976 WARNING: When the line count does change, marks below | |
977 the change will keep their line number, thus move to | |
978 another text line. | |
979 These items will not be adjusted for deleted/inserted | |
980 lines: | |
981 - lower case letter marks 'a - 'z | |
982 - upper case letter marks 'A - 'Z | |
983 - numbered marks '0 - '9 | |
984 - last insert position '^ | |
985 - last change position '. | |
18639 | 986 - last affected text area '[ and '] |
7 | 987 - the Visual area '< and '> |
988 - line numbers in placed signs | |
989 - line numbers in quickfix positions | |
990 - positions in the |jumplist| | |
991 - positions in the |tagstack| | |
992 These items will still be adjusted: | |
993 - previous context mark '' | |
994 - the cursor position | |
995 - the view of a window on a buffer | |
996 - folds | |
997 - diffs | |
998 | |
16944 | 999 :kee[pmarks] {command} *:kee* *:keep* *:keepmarks* |
7 | 1000 Currently only has effect for the filter command |
1001 |:range!|: | |
1002 - When the number of lines after filtering is equal to | |
1003 or larger than before, all marks are kept at the | |
1004 same line number. | |
1005 - When the number of lines decreases, the marks in the | |
9 | 1006 lines that disappeared are deleted. |
7 | 1007 In any case the marks below the filtered text have |
1008 their line numbers adjusted, thus stick to the text, | |
1009 as usual. | |
1010 When the 'R' flag is missing from 'cpoptions' this has | |
1011 the same effect as using ":keepmarks". | |
1012 | |
1013 *:keepj* *:keepjumps* | |
1014 :keepj[umps] {command} | |
9 | 1015 Moving around in {command} does not change the |''|, |
1016 |'.| and |'^| marks, the |jumplist| or the | |
1017 |changelist|. | |
1018 Useful when making a change or inserting text | |
1019 automatically and the user doesn't want to go to this | |
1020 position. E.g., when updating a "Last change" | |
1021 timestamp in the first line: > | |
1022 | |
586 | 1023 :let lnum = line(".") |
9 | 1024 :keepjumps normal gg |
1025 :call SetLastChange() | |
27903 | 1026 :keepjumps exe "normal " .. lnum .. "G" |
9 | 1027 < |
1028 Note that ":keepjumps" must be used for every command. | |
1029 When invoking a function the commands in that function | |
856 | 1030 can still change the jumplist. Also, for |
85 | 1031 ":keepjumps exe 'command '" the "command" won't keep |
1032 jumps. Instead use: ":exe 'keepjumps command'" | |
7 | 1033 |
1034 ============================================================================== | |
1035 8. Jumps *jump-motions* | |
1036 | |
14347 | 1037 A "jump" is a command that normally moves the cursor several lines away. If |
1038 you make the cursor "jump" the position of the cursor before the jump is | |
16023 | 1039 remembered. You can return to that position with the "''" and "``" commands, |
14347 | 1040 unless the line containing that position was changed or deleted. The |
1041 following commands are "jump" commands: "'", "`", "G", "/", "?", "n", "N", | |
1042 "%", "(", ")", "[[", "]]", "{", "}", ":s", ":tag", "L", "M", "H" and the | |
15033 | 1043 commands that start editing a new file. |
7 | 1044 |
1045 *CTRL-O* | |
1046 CTRL-O Go to [count] Older cursor position in jump list | |
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1047 (not a motion command). |
7 | 1048 |
1049 <Tab> or *CTRL-I* *<Tab>* | |
1050 CTRL-I Go to [count] newer cursor position in jump list | |
1051 (not a motion command). | |
1052 | |
24278 | 1053 NOTE: In the GUI and in a terminal supporting |
1054 |modifyOtherKeys|, CTRL-I can be mapped separately | |
1055 from <Tab>, on the condition that CTRL-I is | |
1056 mapped before <Tab>, otherwise the mapping applies to | |
1057 both. | |
1058 | |
7 | 1059 *:ju* *:jumps* |
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1060 :ju[mps] Print the jump list (not a motion command). |
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1061 |
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1062 *:cle* *:clearjumps* |
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1063 :cle[arjumps] Clear the jump list of the current window. |
7 | 1064 |
1065 *jumplist* | |
1066 Jumps are remembered in a jump list. With the CTRL-O and CTRL-I command you | |
1067 can go to cursor positions before older jumps, and back again. Thus you can | |
1068 move up and down the list. There is a separate jump list for each window. | |
1069 The maximum number of entries is fixed at 100. | |
1070 | |
1071 For example, after three jump commands you have this jump list: | |
1072 | |
24278 | 1073 jump line col file/text ~ |
1074 3 1 0 some text ~ | |
1075 2 70 0 another line ~ | |
1076 1 1154 23 end. ~ | |
1077 > ~ | |
7 | 1078 |
2681 | 1079 The "file/text" column shows the file name, or the text at the jump if it is |
7 | 1080 in the current file (an indent is removed and a long line is truncated to fit |
1081 in the window). | |
1082 | |
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1083 The marker ">" indicates the current position in the jumplist. It may not be |
28517 | 1084 shown when filtering the |:jumps| command using |:filter| |
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1085 |
7 | 1086 You are currently in line 1167. If you then use the CTRL-O command, the |
1087 cursor is put in line 1154. This results in: | |
1088 | |
24278 | 1089 jump line col file/text ~ |
1090 2 1 0 some text ~ | |
1091 1 70 0 another line ~ | |
1092 > 0 1154 23 end. ~ | |
1093 1 1167 0 foo bar ~ | |
7 | 1094 |
1095 The pointer will be set at the last used jump position. The next CTRL-O | |
1096 command will use the entry above it, the next CTRL-I command will use the | |
1097 entry below it. If the pointer is below the last entry, this indicates that | |
1098 you did not use a CTRL-I or CTRL-O before. In this case the CTRL-O command | |
1099 will cause the cursor position to be added to the jump list, so you can get | |
1100 back to the position before the CTRL-O. In this case this is line 1167. | |
1101 | |
1102 With more CTRL-O commands you will go to lines 70 and 1. If you use CTRL-I | |
1103 you can go back to 1154 and 1167 again. Note that the number in the "jump" | |
1104 column indicates the count for the CTRL-O or CTRL-I command that takes you to | |
1105 this position. | |
1106 | |
1107 If you use a jump command, the current line number is inserted at the end of | |
1108 the jump list. If the same line was already in the jump list, it is removed. | |
1109 The result is that when repeating CTRL-O you will get back to old positions | |
1110 only once. | |
1111 | |
1112 When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used, jumps are not stored in the | |
836 | 1113 jumplist. Jumps are also not stored in other cases, e.g., in a |:global| |
5220 | 1114 command. You can explicitly add a jump by setting the ' mark with "m'". Note |
1115 that calling setpos() does not do this. | |
7 | 1116 |
1117 After the CTRL-O command that got you into line 1154 you could give another | |
1118 jump command (e.g., "G"). The jump list would then become: | |
1119 | |
24278 | 1120 jump line col file/text ~ |
1121 4 1 0 some text ~ | |
1122 3 70 0 another line ~ | |
1123 2 1167 0 foo bar ~ | |
1124 1 1154 23 end. ~ | |
1125 > ~ | |
7 | 1126 |
1127 The line numbers will be adjusted for deleted and inserted lines. This fails | |
1128 if you stop editing a file without writing, like with ":n!". | |
1129 | |
1130 When you split a window, the jumplist will be copied to the new window. | |
1131 | |
1132 If you have included the ' item in the 'viminfo' option the jumplist will be | |
1133 stored in the viminfo file and restored when starting Vim. | |
1134 | |
1135 | |
1136 CHANGE LIST JUMPS *changelist* *change-list-jumps* *E664* | |
1137 | |
1138 When making a change the cursor position is remembered. One position is | |
1139 remembered for every change that can be undone, unless it is close to a | |
1140 previous change. Two commands can be used to jump to positions of changes, | |
1141 also those that have been undone: | |
1142 | |
1143 *g;* *E662* | |
1144 g; Go to [count] older position in change list. | |
1145 If [count] is larger than the number of older change | |
1146 positions go to the oldest change. | |
1147 If there is no older change an error message is given. | |
1148 (not a motion command) | |
1149 | |
1150 *g,* *E663* | |
30547 | 1151 g, Go to [count] newer position in change list. |
236 | 1152 Just like |g;| but in the opposite direction. |
7 | 1153 (not a motion command) |
1154 | |
1155 When using a count you jump as far back or forward as possible. Thus you can | |
1156 use "999g;" to go to the first change for which the position is still | |
1157 remembered. The number of entries in the change list is fixed and is the same | |
1158 as for the |jumplist|. | |
1159 | |
1160 When two undo-able changes are in the same line and at a column position less | |
1161 than 'textwidth' apart only the last one is remembered. This avoids that a | |
1162 sequence of small changes in a line, for example "xxxxx", adds many positions | |
1163 to the change list. When 'textwidth' is zero 'wrapmargin' is used. When that | |
1164 also isn't set a fixed number of 79 is used. Detail: For the computations | |
1165 bytes are used, not characters, to avoid a speed penalty (this only matters | |
21991 | 1166 for multibyte encodings). |
7 | 1167 |
1168 Note that when text has been inserted or deleted the cursor position might be | |
1169 a bit different from the position of the change. Especially when lines have | |
1170 been deleted. | |
1171 | |
24278 | 1172 When the `:keepjumps` command modifier is used the position of a change is not |
7 | 1173 remembered. |
1174 | |
1175 *:changes* | |
1176 :changes Print the change list. A ">" character indicates the | |
1177 current position. Just after a change it is below the | |
14372 | 1178 newest entry, indicating that `g;` takes you to the |
7 | 1179 newest entry position. The first column indicates the |
1180 count needed to take you to this position. Example: | |
1181 | |
1182 change line col text ~ | |
1183 3 9 8 bla bla bla | |
1184 2 11 57 foo is a bar | |
1185 1 14 54 the latest changed line | |
1186 > | |
1187 | |
14372 | 1188 The `3g;` command takes you to line 9. Then the |
1189 output of `:changes` is: | |
7 | 1190 |
1191 change line col text ~ | |
1192 > 0 9 8 bla bla bla | |
1193 1 11 57 foo is a bar | |
1194 2 14 54 the latest changed line | |
1195 | |
1196 Now you can use "g," to go to line 11 and "2g," to go | |
1197 to line 14. | |
1198 | |
1199 ============================================================================== | |
1200 9. Various motions *various-motions* | |
1201 | |
1202 *%* | |
1203 % Find the next item in this line after or under the | |
1204 cursor and jump to its match. |inclusive| motion. | |
1205 Items can be: | |
1206 ([{}]) parenthesis or (curly/square) brackets | |
1207 (this can be changed with the | |
1208 'matchpairs' option) | |
1209 /* */ start or end of C-style comment | |
1210 #if, #ifdef, #else, #elif, #endif | |
1211 C preprocessor conditionals (when the | |
1212 cursor is on the # or no ([{ | |
24278 | 1213 is following) |
7 | 1214 For other items the matchit plugin can be used, see |
1621 | 1215 |matchit-install|. This plugin also helps to skip |
1216 matches in comments. | |
7 | 1217 |
1218 When 'cpoptions' contains "M" |cpo-M| backslashes | |
1219 before parens and braces are ignored. Without "M" the | |
1220 number of backslashes matters: an even number doesn't | |
1221 match with an odd number. Thus in "( \) )" and "\( ( | |
1222 \)" the first and last parenthesis match. | |
1621 | 1223 |
7 | 1224 When the '%' character is not present in 'cpoptions' |
1225 |cpo-%|, parens and braces inside double quotes are | |
1226 ignored, unless the number of parens/braces in a line | |
1227 is uneven and this line and the previous one does not | |
1228 end in a backslash. '(', '{', '[', ']', '}' and ')' | |
1229 are also ignored (parens and braces inside single | |
1230 quotes). Note that this works fine for C, but not for | |
1231 Perl, where single quotes are used for strings. | |
1621 | 1232 |
1233 Nothing special is done for matches in comments. You | |
1234 can either use the matchit plugin |matchit-install| or | |
1235 put quotes around matches. | |
1236 | |
1237 No count is allowed, {count}% jumps to a line {count} | |
1238 percentage down the file |N%|. Using '%' on | |
7 | 1239 #if/#else/#endif makes the movement linewise. |
1240 | |
1241 *[(* | |
24278 | 1242 [( Go to [count] previous unmatched '('. |
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1243 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1244 *[{* |
24278 | 1245 [{ Go to [count] previous unmatched '{'. |
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1246 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1247 *])* |
24278 | 1248 ]) Go to [count] next unmatched ')'. |
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1249 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1250 *]}* |
24278 | 1251 ]} Go to [count] next unmatched '}'. |
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1252 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1253 |
1254 The above four commands can be used to go to the start or end of the current | |
1255 code block. It is like doing "%" on the '(', ')', '{' or '}' at the other | |
1256 end of the code block, but you can do this from anywhere in the code block. | |
1257 Very useful for C programs. Example: When standing on "case x:", "[{" will | |
1258 bring you back to the switch statement. | |
1259 | |
1260 *]m* | |
1261 ]m Go to [count] next start of a method (for Java or | |
1262 similar structured language). When not before the | |
1263 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
1264 class. When no '{' is found after the cursor, this is | |
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1265 an error. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1266 *]M* |
1267 ]M Go to [count] next end of a method (for Java or | |
1268 similar structured language). When not before the end | |
1269 of a method, jump to the start or end of the class. | |
1270 When no '}' is found after the cursor, this is an | |
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1271 error. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1272 *[m* |
1273 [m Go to [count] previous start of a method (for Java or | |
1274 similar structured language). When not after the | |
1275 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
1276 class. When no '{' is found before the cursor this is | |
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1277 an error. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1278 *[M* |
1279 [M Go to [count] previous end of a method (for Java or | |
1280 similar structured language). When not after the | |
1281 end of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
1282 class. When no '}' is found before the cursor this is | |
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1283 an error. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1284 |
24278 | 1285 The above four commands assume that the file contains a class with methods. |
7 | 1286 The class definition is surrounded in '{' and '}'. Each method in the class |
1287 is also surrounded with '{' and '}'. This applies to the Java language. The | |
1288 file looks like this: > | |
1289 | |
1290 // comment | |
1291 class foo { | |
1292 int method_one() { | |
1293 body_one(); | |
1294 } | |
1295 int method_two() { | |
1296 body_two(); | |
1297 } | |
1298 } | |
24278 | 1299 |
1300 [To try this out copy the text and put it in a new buffer, the help text above | |
1301 confuses the jump commands] | |
1302 | |
7 | 1303 Starting with the cursor on "body_two()", using "[m" will jump to the '{' at |
1304 the start of "method_two()" (obviously this is much more useful when the | |
1305 method is long!). Using "2[m" will jump to the start of "method_one()". | |
1306 Using "3[m" will jump to the start of the class. | |
1307 | |
1308 *[#* | |
24278 | 1309 [# Go to [count] previous unmatched "#if" or "#else". |
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1310 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1311 |
1312 *]#* | |
24278 | 1313 ]# Go to [count] next unmatched "#else" or "#endif". |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1314 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1315 |
1316 These two commands work in C programs that contain #if/#else/#endif | |
1317 constructs. It brings you to the start or end of the #if/#else/#endif where | |
1318 the current line is included. You can then use "%" to go to the matching line. | |
1319 | |
1320 *[star* *[/* | |
24278 | 1321 [* or [/ Go to [count] previous start of a C comment "/*". |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1322 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1323 |
1324 *]star* *]/* | |
24278 | 1325 ]* or ]/ Go to [count] next end of a C comment "*/". |
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1326 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1327 |
1328 | |
1329 *H* | |
1330 H To line [count] from top (Home) of window (default: | |
1331 first line on the window) on the first non-blank | |
1332 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
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1333 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option, unless an |
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patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
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1334 operator is pending, in which case the text may |
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patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
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changeset
|
1335 scroll. E.g. "yH" yanks from the first visible line |
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patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
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changeset
|
1336 until the cursor line (inclusive). |
7 | 1337 |
1338 *M* | |
1339 M To Middle line of window, on the first non-blank | |
1340 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
1341 | |
1342 *L* | |
1343 L To line [count] from bottom of window (default: Last | |
1344 line on the window) on the first non-blank character | |
1345 |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
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patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1346 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option, unless an |
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1347 operator is pending, in which case the text may |
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1348 scroll. E.g. "yL" yanks from the cursor to the last |
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patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
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parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1349 visible line. |
7 | 1350 |
1351 <LeftMouse> Moves to the position on the screen where the mouse | |
36 | 1352 click is |exclusive|. See also |<LeftMouse>|. If the |
7 | 1353 position is in a status line, that window is made the |
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1354 active window and the cursor is not moved. |
7 | 1355 |
14421 | 1356 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |