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1 *various.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2005 Jan 20
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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6
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7 Various commands *various*
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8
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9 1. Various commands |various-cmds|
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10 2. Online help |online-help|
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11 3. Using Vim like less or more |less|
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12
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13 ==============================================================================
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14 1. Various commands *various-cmds*
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15
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16 *CTRL-L*
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17 CTRL-L Clear and redraw the screen (later).
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18
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19 *:redr* *:redraw*
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20 :redr[aw][!] Redraw the screen right now. When ! is included it is
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21 cleared first.
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22 Useful to update the screen halfway executing a script
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23 or function. Also when halfway a mapping and
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24 'lazyredraw' is set.
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25
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26 *:redraws* *:redrawstatus*
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27 :redraws[tatus][!] Redraw the status line of the current window. When !
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28 is included all status lines are redrawn.
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29 Useful to update the status line(s) when 'statusline'
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30 includes an item that doesn't cause automatic
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31 updating.
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32
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33 *N<Del>*
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34 <Del> When entering a number: Remove the last digit.
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35 Note: if you like to use <BS> for this, add this
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36 mapping to your .vimrc: >
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37 :map CTRL-V <BS> CTRL-V <Del>
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38 < See |:fixdel| if your <Del> key does not do what you
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39 want.
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40
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41 :as[cii] or *ga* *:as* *:ascii*
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42 ga Print the ascii value of the character under the
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43 cursor in decimal, hexadecimal and octal. For
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44 example, when the cursor is on a 'R':
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45 <R> 82, Hex 52, Octal 122 ~
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46 When the character is a non-standard ASCII character,
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47 but printable according to the 'isprint' option, the
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48 non-printable version is also given. When the
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49 character is larger than 127, the <M-x> form is also
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50 printed. For example:
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51 <~A> <M-^A> 129, Hex 81, Octal 201 ~
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52 <p> <|~> <M-~> 254, Hex fe, Octal 376 ~
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53 (where <p> is a special character)
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54 The <Nul> character in a file is stored internally as
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55 <NL>, but it will be shown as:
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56 <^@> 0, Hex 00, Octal 000 ~
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57 Mnemonic: Get Ascii value. {not in Vi}
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58
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59 *g8*
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60 g8 Print the hex values of the bytes used in the
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61 character under the cursor, assuming it is in |UTF-8|
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62 encoding. This also shows composing characters.
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63 Example of a character with three composing
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64 characters:
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65 e0 b8 81 + e0 b8 b9 + e0 b9 89 ~
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66 {not in Vi}
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67
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68 *:p* *:pr* *:print*
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69 :[range]p[rint] Print [range] lines (default current line).
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70 Note: If you are looking for a way to print your text
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71 file, you need an external program for that. In the
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72 GUI you can use the File.Print menu entry.
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73 (For printing on paper see |:hardcopy|)
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74
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75 :[range]p[rint] {count}
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76 Print {count} lines, starting with [range] (default
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77 current line |cmdline-ranges|).
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78
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79 *:P* *:Print*
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80 :[range]P[rint] [count]
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81 Just as ":print". Was apparently added to Vi for
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82 people that keep the shift key pressed too long...
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83
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84 *:l* *:list*
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85 :[range]l[ist] [count]
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86 Same as :print, but display unprintable characters
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87 with '^'.
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88
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89 *:nu* *:number*
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90 :[range]nu[mber] [count]
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91 Same as :print, but precede each line with its line
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92 number. (See also 'highlight' option).
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93
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94 *:#*
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95 :[range]# [count] synonym for :number.
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96
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97 *:z* *E144*
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98 :{range}z[+-^.=]{count} Display several lines of text surrounding the line
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99 specified with {range}, or around the current line
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100 if there is no {range}. If there is a {count}, that's
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101 how many lines you'll see; otherwise, the current
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102 window size is used.
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103
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104 :z can be used either alone or followed by any of
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105 several punctuation marks. These have the following
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106 effect:
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107
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108 mark first line last line new location ~
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109 ---- ---------- --------- ------------
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110 + current line 1 scr forward 1 scr forward
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111 - 1 scr back current line current line
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112 ^ 2 scr back 1 scr back 1 scr back
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113 . 1/2 scr back 1/2 scr fwd 1/2 src fwd
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114 = 1/2 src back 1/2 scr fwd current line
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115
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116 Specifying no mark at all is the same as "+".
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117 If the mark is "=", a line of dashes is printed
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118 around the current line.
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119
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120 :{range}z#[+-^.=]{count} *:z#*
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121 Like ":z", but number the lines.
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122 {not in all versions of Vi, not with these arguments}
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123
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124 *:=*
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125 := Print the last line number.
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126
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127 :{range}= Prints the last line number in {range}. For example,
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128 this prints the current line number: >
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129 :.=
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130
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131 :norm[al][!] {commands} *:norm* *:normal*
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132 Execute Normal mode commands {commands}. This makes
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133 it possible to execute Normal mode commands typed on
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134 the command-line. {commands} is executed like it is
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135 typed. For undo all commands are undone together.
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136 If the [!] is given, mappings will not be used.
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137 {commands} should be a complete command. If
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138 {commands} does not finish a command, the last one
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139 will be aborted as if <Esc> or <C-C> was typed.
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140 The display isn't updated while ":normal" is busy.
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141 This implies that an insert command must be completed
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142 (to start Insert mode, see |:startinsert|). A ":"
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143 command must be completed as well.
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144 {commands} cannot start with a space. Put a 1 (one)
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145 before it, 1 space is one space.
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146 The 'insertmode' option is ignored for {commands}.
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147 This command cannot be followed by another command,
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148 since any '|' is considered part of the command.
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149 This command can be used recursively, but the depth is
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150 limited by 'maxmapdepth'.
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151 When this command is called from a non-remappable
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152 mapping |:noremap|, the argument can be mapped anyway.
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153 An alternative is to use |:execute|, which uses an
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154 expression as argument. This allows the use of
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155 printable characters. Example: >
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156 :exe "normal \<c-w>\<c-w>"
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157 < {not in Vi, of course}
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158 {not available when the |+ex_extra| feature was
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159 disabled at compile time}
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160
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161 :{range}norm[al][!] {commands} *:normal-range*
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162 Execute Normal mode commands {commands} for each line
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163 in the {range}. Before executing the {commands}, the
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164 cursor is positioned in the first column of the range,
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165 for each line. Otherwise it's the same as the
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166 ":normal" command without a range.
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167 {not in Vi}
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168 Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
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169 compile time.
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170
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171 *:sh* *:shell* *E371*
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172 :sh[ell] This command starts a shell. When the shell exits
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173 (after the "exit" command) you return to Vim. The
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174 name for the shell command comes from 'shell' option.
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175 *E360*
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176 Note: This doesn't work when Vim on the Amiga was
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177 started in QuickFix mode from a compiler, because the
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178 compiler will have set stdin to a non-interactive
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179 mode.
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180
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181 *:!cmd* *:!* *E34*
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182 :!{cmd} Execute {cmd} with the shell. See also the 'shell'
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183 and 'shelltype' option.
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184 Any '!' in {cmd} is replaced with the previous
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185 external command (see also 'cpoptions'). But not when
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186 there is a backslash before the '!', then that
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187 backslash is removed. Example: ":!ls" followed by
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188 ":!echo ! \! \\!" executes "echo ls ! \!".
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189 After the command has been executed, the timestamp of
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190 the current file is checked |timestamp|.
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191 There cannot be a '|' in {cmd}, see |:bar|.
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192 A newline character ends {cmd}, what follows is
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193 interpreted as a following ":" command. However, if
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194 there is a backslash before the newline it is removed
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195 and {cmd} continues. It doesn't matter how many
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196 backslashes are before the newline, only one is
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197 removed.
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198 On Unix the command normally runs in a non-interactive
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199 shell. If you want an interactive shell to be used
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200 (to use aliases) set 'shellcmdflag' to "-ic".
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201 For Win32 also see |:!start|.
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202 Vim redraws the screen after the command is finished,
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203 because it may have printed any text. This requires a
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204 hit-enter prompt, so that you can read any messages.
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205 To avoid this use: >
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206 :silent !{cmd}
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207 < The screen is not redrawn then, thus you have to use
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208 CTRL-L or ":redraw!" if the command did display
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209 something.
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210 Also see |shell-window|.
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211
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212 *:!!*
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213 :!! Repeat last ":!{cmd}".
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214
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215 *:ve* *:version*
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216 :ve[rsion] Print the version number of the editor. If the
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217 compiler used understands "__DATE__" the compilation
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218 date is mentioned. Otherwise a fixed release-date is
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219 shown.
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220 The following lines contain information about which
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221 features were enabled when Vim was compiled. When
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222 there is a preceding '+', the feature is included,
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223 when there is a '-' it is excluded. To change this,
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224 you have to edit feature.h and recompile Vim.
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225 To check for this in an expression, see |has()|.
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226 Here is an overview of the features.
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227 The first column shows the smallest version in which
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228 they are included:
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229 T tiny
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230 S small
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231 N normal
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232 B big
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233 H huge
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234 m manually enabled or depends on other features
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235 (none) system dependent
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236 Thus if a feature is marked with "N", it is included
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237 in the normal, big and huge versions of Vim.
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238
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239 *+feature-list*
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240 *+ARP* Amiga only: ARP support included
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241 B *+arabic* |Arabic| language support
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242 N *+autocmd* |:autocmd|, automatic commands
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243 m *+balloon_eval* |balloon-eval| support
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244 N *+browse* |:browse| command
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245 N *+builtin_terms* some terminals builtin |builtin-terms|
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246 B *++builtin_terms* maximal terminals builtin |builtin-terms|
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247 N *+byte_offset* support for 'o' flag in 'statusline' option, "go"
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248 and ":goto" commands.
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249 N *+cindent* |'cindent'|, C indenting
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250 N *+clientserver* Unix and Win32: Remote invocation |clientserver|
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251 *+clipboard* |clipboard| support
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252 N *+cmdline_compl* command line completion |cmdline-completion|
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253 N *+cmdline_hist* command line history |cmdline-history|
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254 N *+cmdline_info* |'showcmd'| and |'ruler'|
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255 N *+comments* |'comments'| support
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256 N *+cryptv* encryption support |encryption|
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257 B *+cscope* |cscope| support
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258 N *+dialog_gui* Support for |:confirm| with GUI dialog.
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259 N *+dialog_con* Support for |:confirm| with console dialog.
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260 N *+dialog_con_gui* Support for |:confirm| with GUI and console dialog.
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261 N *+diff* |vimdiff| and 'diff'
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262 N *+digraphs* |digraphs| *E196*
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263 *+dnd* Support for DnD into the "~ register |quote_~|.
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264 B *+emacs_tags* |emacs-tags| files
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265 N *+eval* expression evaluation |eval.txt|
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266 N *+ex_extra* Vim's extra Ex commands: |:center|, |:left|,
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267 |:normal|, |:retab| and |:right|
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268 N *+extra_search* |'hlsearch'| and |'incsearch'| options.
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269 B *+farsi* |farsi| language
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270 N *+file_in_path* |gf|, |CTRL-W_f| and |<cfile>|
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271 N *+find_in_path* include file searches: |[I|, |:isearch|,
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272 |CTRL-W_CTRL-I|, |:checkpath|, etc.
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273 N *+folding* |folding|
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274 *+footer* |gui-footer|
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275 *+fork* Unix only: |fork| shell commands
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276 N *+gettext* message translations |multi-lang|
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277 *+GUI_Athena* Unix only: Athena |GUI|
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278 *+GUI_neXtaw* Unix only: neXtaw |GUI|
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279 *+GUI_BeOS* BeOS only: BeOS |GUI|
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280 *+GUI_GTK* Unix only: GTK+ |GUI|
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281 *+GUI_Motif* Unix only: Motif |GUI|
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282 *+GUI_Photon* QNX only: Photon |GUI|
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283 m *+hangul_input* Hangul input support |hangul|
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284 *+iconv* Compiled with the |iconv()| function, may have |/dyn|
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285 N *+insert_expand* |insert_expand| Insert mode completion
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286 N *+jumplist* |jumplist|
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287 B *+keymap* |'keymap'|
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288 B *+langmap* |'langmap'|
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289 N *+libcall* |libcall()|
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290 N *+linebreak* |'linebreak'|, |'breakat'| and |'showbreak'|
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291 N *+lispindent* |'lisp'|
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292 N *+listcmds* Vim commands for the list of buffers |buffer-hidden|
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293 and argument list |:argdelete|
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294 N *+localmap* Support for mappings local to a buffer |:map-local|
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295 N *+menu* |:menu|
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296 N *+mksession* |:mksession|
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297 N *+modify_fname* |filename-modifiers|
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298 N *+mouse* Mouse handling |mouse-using|
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299 N *+mouseshape* |'mouseshape'|
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300 B *+mouse_dec* Unix only: Dec terminal mouse handling |dec-mouse|
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301 N *+mouse_gpm* Unix only: Linux console mouse handling |gpm-mouse|
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302 B *+mouse_netterm* Unix only: netterm mouse handling |netterm-mouse|
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303 N *+mouse_pterm* QNX only: pterm mouse handling |qnx-terminal|
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304 N *+mouse_xterm* Unix only: xterm mouse handling |xterm-mouse|
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305 B *+multi_byte* Korean and other languages |multibyte|
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306 *+multi_byte_ime* Win32 input method for multibyte chars |multibyte-ime|
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307 N *+multi_lang* non-English language support |multi-lang|
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308 m *+mzscheme* Mzscheme interface |mzscheme|
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309 m *+netbeans_intg* |netbeans|
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310 m *+ole* Win32 GUI only: |ole-interface|
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311 *+osfiletype* Support for the 'osfiletype' option and filetype
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312 checking in automatic commands. |autocmd-osfiletypes|
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313 N *+path_extra* Up/downwards search in 'path' and 'tags'
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314 m *+perl* Perl interface |perl|, may have |/dyn|
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315 *+postscript* |:hardcopy| writes a PostScript file
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316 N *+printer* |:hardcopy| command
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317 m *+python* Python interface |python|, may have |/dyn|
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318 N *+quickfix* |:make| and |quickfix| commands
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319 B *+rightleft* Right to left typing |'rightleft'|
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320 m *+ruby* Ruby interface |ruby|, may have |/dyn|
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321 N *+scrollbind* |'scrollbind'|
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322 B *+signs* |:sign|
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323 N *+smartindent* |'smartindent'|
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324 m *+sniff* SniFF interface |sniff|
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325 N *+statusline* Options 'statusline', 'rulerformat' and special
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326 formats of 'titlestring' and 'iconstring'
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327 m *+sun_workshop* |workshop|
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328 N *+syntax* Syntax highlighting |syntax|
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329 *+system()* Unix only: opposite of |+fork|
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330 N *+tag_binary* binary searching in tags file |tag-binary-search|
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331 N *+tag_old_static* old method for static tags |tag-old-static|
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332 m *+tag_any_white* any white space allowed in tags file |tag-any-white|
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333 m *+tcl* Tcl interface |tcl|, may have |/dyn|
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334 *+terminfo* uses |terminfo| instead of termcap
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335 N *+termresponse* support for |t_RV| and |v:termresponse|
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336 N *+textobjects* |text-objects| selection
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337 *+tgetent* non-Unix only: able to use external termcap
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338 N *+title* Setting the window title |'title'|
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339 N *+toolbar* |gui-toolbar|
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340 N *+user_commands* User-defined commands. |user-commands|
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341 N *+viminfo* |'viminfo'|
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342 N *+vertsplit* Vertically split windows |:vsplit|
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343 N *+virtualedit* |'virtualedit'|
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344 S *+visual* Visual mode |Visual-mode|
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345 N *+visualextra* extra Visual mode commands |blockwise-operators|
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346 N *+vreplace* |gR| and |gr|
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347 N *+wildignore* |'wildignore'|
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348 N *+wildmenu* |'wildmenu'|
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349 S *+windows* more than one window
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350 m *+writebackup* |'writebackup'| is default on
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351 m *+xim* X input method |xim|
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352 *+xfontset* X fontset support |xfontset|
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|
|
353 *+xsmp* XSMP (X session management) support
|
|
|
354 *+xsmp_interact* interactive XSMP (X session management) support
|
|
|
355 N *+xterm_clipboard* Unix only: xterm clipboard handling
|
|
|
356 m *+xterm_save* save and restore xterm screen |xterm-screens|
|
|
|
357 N *+X11* Unix only: can restore window title |X11|
|
|
|
358
|
|
|
359 */dyn* *E370* *E448*
|
|
|
360 To some of the features "/dyn" is added when the
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|
|
361 feature is only available when the related library can
|
|
|
362 be dynamically loaded.
|
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|
363
|
|
|
364 :ve[rsion] {nr} Is now ignored. This was previously used to check the
|
|
|
365 version number of a .vimrc file. It was removed,
|
|
|
366 because you can now use the ":if" command for
|
|
|
367 version-dependent behavior. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
368
|
|
|
369 *:redi* *:redir*
|
|
|
370 :redi[r][!] > {file} Redirect messages to file {file}. The messages which
|
|
|
371 are the output of commands are written to that file,
|
|
|
372 until redirection ends. The messages are also still
|
|
|
373 shown on the screen. When [!] is included, an
|
|
|
374 existing file is overwritten. When [!] is omitted,
|
|
|
375 and {file} exists, this command fails.
|
|
|
376 Only one ":redir" can be active at a time. Calls to
|
|
|
377 ":redir" will close any active redirection before
|
|
|
378 starting redirection to the new target.
|
|
|
379 To stop the messages and commands from being echoed to
|
|
|
380 the screen, put the commands in a function and call it
|
|
|
381 with ":silent call Function()".
|
|
|
382 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
383
|
|
|
384 :redi[r] >> {file} Redirect messages to file {file}. Append if {file}
|
|
|
385 already exists. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
386
|
|
|
387 :redi[r] @{a-zA-Z} Redirect messages to register {a-z}. Append to the
|
|
|
388 contents of the register if its name is given
|
|
|
389 uppercase {A-Z}. {not in Vi}
|
|
123
|
390 :redi[r] @{a-z}> Append messages to register {a-z}. {not in Vi}
|
|
7
|
391
|
|
|
392 :redi[r] @* Redirect messages to the clipboard. {not in Vi}
|
|
123
|
393 :redi[r] @*> Append messages to the clipboard. {not in Vi}
|
|
7
|
394
|
|
|
395 :redi[r] @" Redirect messages to the unnamed register. {not in Vi}
|
|
123
|
396 :redi[r] @"> Append messages to the unnamed register. {not in Vi}
|
|
7
|
397
|
|
|
398 :redi[r] END End redirecting messages. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
399
|
|
|
400 *:sil* *:silent*
|
|
|
401 :sil[ent][!] {command} Execute {command} silently. Normal messages will not
|
|
|
402 be given or added to the message history.
|
|
|
403 When [!] is added, error messages will also be
|
|
|
404 skipped, and commands and mappings will not be aborted
|
|
|
405 when an error is detected. |v:errmsg| is still set.
|
|
|
406 When [!] is not used, an error message will cause
|
|
|
407 further messages to be displayed normally.
|
|
|
408 Redirection, started with |:redir|, will continue as
|
|
|
409 usual, although there might be small differences.
|
|
|
410 This will allow redirecting the output of a command
|
|
|
411 without seeing it on the screen. Example: >
|
|
|
412 :redir >/tmp/foobar
|
|
|
413 :silent g/Aap/p
|
|
|
414 :redir END
|
|
|
415 < To execute a Normal mode command silently, use the
|
|
|
416 |:normal| command. For example, to search for a
|
|
|
417 string without messages: >
|
|
|
418 :silent exe "normal /path\<CR>"
|
|
|
419 < ":silent!" is useful to execute a command that may
|
|
|
420 fail, but the failure is to be ignored. Example: >
|
|
|
421 :let v:errmsg = ""
|
|
|
422 :silent! /^begin
|
|
|
423 :if v:errmsg != ""
|
|
|
424 : ... pattern was not found
|
|
|
425 < ":silent" will also avoid the hit-enter prompt. When
|
|
|
426 using this for an external command, this may cause the
|
|
|
427 screen to be messed up. Use |CTRL-L| to clean it up
|
|
|
428 then.
|
|
|
429 ":silent menu ..." defines a menu that will not echo a
|
|
|
430 Command-line command. The command will still produce
|
|
|
431 messages though. Use ":silent" in the command itself
|
|
|
432 to avoid that: ":silent menu .... :silent command".
|
|
|
433
|
|
|
434 *:verb* *:verbose*
|
|
|
435 :[count]verb[ose] {command}
|
|
|
436 Execute {command} with 'verbose' set to [count]. If
|
|
8
|
437 [count] is omitted one is used. ":0verbose" can be
|
|
|
438 used to set 'verbose' to zero.
|
|
7
|
439 The additional use of ":silent" makes messages
|
|
|
440 generated but not displayed.
|
|
|
441 The combination of ":silent" and ":verbose" can be
|
|
|
442 used to generate messages and check them with
|
|
|
443 |v:statusmsg| and friends. For example: >
|
|
|
444 :let v:statusmsg = ""
|
|
|
445 :silent verbose runtime foobar.vim
|
|
|
446 :if v:statusmsg != ""
|
|
|
447 : " foobar.vim could not be found
|
|
|
448 :endif
|
|
|
449 < When concatenating another command, the ":verbose"
|
|
|
450 only applies to the first one: >
|
|
|
451 :4verbose set verbose | set verbose
|
|
|
452 < verbose=4 ~
|
|
|
453 verbose=0 ~
|
|
|
454
|
|
|
455 *K*
|
|
|
456 K Run a program to lookup the keyword under the
|
|
|
457 cursor. The name of the program is given with the
|
|
|
458 'keywordprg' (kp) option (default is "man"). The
|
|
|
459 keyword is formed of letters, numbers and the
|
|
|
460 characters in 'iskeyword'. The keyword under or
|
|
|
461 right of the cursor is used. The same can be done
|
|
|
462 with the command >
|
|
|
463 :!{program} {keyword}
|
|
|
464 < There is an example of a program to use in the tools
|
|
|
465 directory of Vim. It is called 'ref' and does a
|
|
|
466 simple spelling check.
|
|
|
467 Special cases:
|
|
|
468 - If 'keywordprg' is empty, the ":help" command is
|
|
|
469 used. It's a good idea to include more characters
|
|
|
470 in 'iskeyword' then, to be able to find more help.
|
|
|
471 - When 'keywordprg' is equal to "man", a count before
|
|
|
472 "K" is inserted after the "man" command and before
|
|
|
473 the keyword. For example, using "2K" while the
|
|
|
474 cursor is on "mkdir", results in: >
|
|
|
475 !man 2 mkdir
|
|
|
476 < - When 'keywordprg' is equal to "man -s", a count
|
|
|
477 before "K" is inserted after the "-s". If there is
|
|
|
478 no count, the "-s" is removed.
|
|
|
479 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
480
|
|
|
481 *v_K*
|
|
|
482 {Visual}K Like "K", but use the visually highlighted text for
|
|
|
483 the keyword. Only works when the highlighted text is
|
|
|
484 not more than one line. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
485
|
|
|
486 [N]gs *gs* *:sl* *:sleep*
|
|
|
487 :[N]sl[eep] [N] [m] Do nothing for [N] seconds. When [m] is included,
|
|
|
488 sleep for [N] milliseconds. The count for "gs" always
|
|
|
489 uses seconds. The default is one second. >
|
|
|
490 :sleep "sleep for one second
|
|
|
491 :5sleep "sleep for five seconds
|
|
|
492 :sleep 100m "sleep for a hundred milliseconds
|
|
|
493 10gs "sleep for ten seconds
|
|
|
494 < Can be interrupted with CTRL-C (CTRL-Break on MS-DOS).
|
|
|
495 "gs" stands for "goto sleep". While sleeping the
|
|
|
496 cursor is positioned in the text (if visible). {not
|
|
|
497 in Vi}
|
|
|
498
|
|
|
499 *g_CTRL-A*
|
|
|
500 g CTRL-A Only when Vim was compiled with MEM_PROFILING defined
|
|
|
501 (which is very rare): print memory usage statistics.
|
|
|
502 Only useful for debugging Vim.
|
|
|
503
|
|
|
504 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
505 2. Online help *online-help*
|
|
|
506
|
|
|
507 *help* *<Help>* *:h* *:help* *<F1>* *i_<F1>* *i_<Help>*
|
|
|
508 <Help> or
|
|
|
509 :h[elp] Open a window and display the help file in read-only
|
|
|
510 mode. If there is a help window open already, use
|
|
|
511 that one. Otherwise, if the current window uses the
|
|
|
512 full width of the screen or is at least 80 characters
|
|
|
513 wide, the help window will appear just above the
|
|
|
514 current window. Otherwise the new window is put at
|
|
|
515 the very top.
|
|
|
516 The 'helplang' option is used to select a language, if
|
|
|
517 the main help file is available in several languages.
|
|
|
518 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
519
|
|
|
520 *{subject}* *E149* *E661*
|
|
|
521 :h[elp] {subject} Like ":help", additionally jump to the tag {subject}.
|
|
|
522 {subject} can include wildcards like "*", "?" and
|
|
|
523 "[a-z]":
|
|
|
524 :help z? jump to help for any "z" command
|
|
|
525 :help z. jump to the help for "z."
|
|
|
526 If there is no full match for the pattern, or there
|
|
|
527 are several matches, the "best" match will be used.
|
|
|
528 A sophisticated algorithm is used to decide which
|
|
|
529 match is better than another one. These items are
|
|
|
530 considered in the computation:
|
|
|
531 - A match with same case is much better than a match
|
|
|
532 with different case.
|
|
|
533 - A match that starts after a non-alphanumeric
|
|
|
534 character is better than a match in the middle of a
|
|
|
535 word.
|
|
|
536 - A match at or near the beginning of the tag is
|
|
|
537 better than a match further on.
|
|
|
538 - The more alphanumeric characters match, the better.
|
|
|
539 - The shorter the length of the match, the better.
|
|
|
540
|
|
|
541 The 'helplang' option is used to select a language, if
|
|
|
542 the {subject} is available in several languages.
|
|
|
543 To find a tag in a specific language, append "@ab",
|
|
|
544 where "ab" is the two-letter language code. See
|
|
|
545 |help-translated|.
|
|
|
546
|
|
|
547 Note that the longer the {subject} you give, the less
|
|
|
548 matches will be found. You can get an idea how this
|
|
|
549 all works by using commandline completion (type CTRL-D
|
|
|
550 after ":help subject").
|
|
|
551 If there are several matches, you can have them listed
|
|
|
552 by hitting CTRL-D. Example: >
|
|
|
553 :help cont<Ctrl-D>
|
|
|
554 < To use a regexp |pattern|, first do ":help" and then
|
|
|
555 use ":tag {pattern}" in the help window. The
|
|
|
556 ":tnext" command can then be used to jump to other
|
|
|
557 matches, "tselect" to list matches and choose one. >
|
|
|
558 :help index| :tse z.
|
|
|
559 < This command can be followed by '|' and another
|
|
|
560 command, but you don't need to escape the '|' inside a
|
|
|
561 help command. So these both work: >
|
|
|
562 :help |
|
|
|
563 :help k| only
|
|
|
564 < Note that a space before the '|' is seen as part of
|
|
|
565 the ":help" argument.
|
|
|
566 You can also use <LF> or <CR> to separate the help
|
|
|
567 command from a following command. You need to type
|
|
|
568 CTRL-V first to insert the <LF> or <CR>. Example: >
|
|
|
569 :help so<C-V><CR>only
|
|
|
570 < {not in Vi}
|
|
|
571
|
|
|
572 :h[elp]! [subject] Like ":help", but in non-English help files prefer to
|
|
|
573 find a tag in a file with the same language as the
|
|
|
574 current file. See |help-translated|.
|
|
|
575
|
|
|
576 *:helpg* *:helpgrep*
|
|
9
|
577 :helpg[rep] {pattern}[@xx]
|
|
7
|
578 Search all help text files and make a list of lines
|
|
|
579 in which {pattern} matches. Jumps to the first match.
|
|
9
|
580 The optional [@xx] specifies that only matches in the
|
|
|
581 "xx" language are to be found.
|
|
7
|
582 You can navigate through the matches with the
|
|
|
583 |quickfix| commands, e.g., |:cnext| to jump to the
|
|
|
584 next one. Or use |:cwindow| to get the list of
|
|
|
585 matches in the quickfix window.
|
|
|
586 {pattern} is used as a Vim regexp |pattern|.
|
|
|
587 'ignorecase' is not used, add "\c" to ignore case.
|
|
|
588 Example for case sensitive search: >
|
|
|
589 :helpgrep Uganda
|
|
|
590 < Example for case ignoring search: >
|
|
|
591 :helpgrep uganda\c
|
|
9
|
592 < Example for searching in French help: >
|
|
|
593 :helpgrep backspace@fr
|
|
7
|
594 < Cannot be followed by another command, everything is
|
|
|
595 used as part of the pattern. But you can use
|
|
|
596 |:execute| when needed.
|
|
|
597 Compressed help files will not be searched (Debian
|
|
|
598 compresses the help files).
|
|
|
599 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
600
|
|
40
|
601 *:exu* *:exusage*
|
|
|
602 :exu[sage] Show help on Ex commands. Added to simulate the Nvi
|
|
|
603 command. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
604
|
|
|
605 *:viu* *:viusage*
|
|
|
606 :viu[sage] Show help on Normal mode commands. Added to simulate
|
|
|
607 the Nvi command. {not in Vi}
|
|
7
|
608
|
|
|
609 When no argument is given to |:help| the file given with the 'helpfile' option
|
|
|
610 will be opened. Otherwise the specified tag is searched for in all "doc/tags"
|
|
|
611 files in the directories specified in the 'runtimepath' option.
|
|
|
612
|
|
|
613 The initial height of the help window can be set with the 'helpheight' option
|
|
|
614 (default 20).
|
|
|
615
|
|
|
616 Jump to specific subjects by using tags. This can be done in two ways:
|
|
|
617 - Use the "CTRL-]" command while standing on the name of a command or option.
|
|
|
618 This only works when the tag is a keyword. "<C-Leftmouse>" and
|
|
|
619 "g<LeftMouse>" work just like "CTRL-]".
|
|
|
620 - use the ":ta {subject}" command. This also works with non-keyword
|
|
|
621 characters.
|
|
|
622
|
|
|
623 Use CTRL-T or CTRL-O to jump back.
|
|
|
624 Use ":q" to close the help window.
|
|
|
625
|
|
|
626 If there are several matches for an item you are looking for, this is how you
|
|
|
627 can jump to each one of them:
|
|
|
628 1. Open a help window
|
|
|
629 2. Use the ":tag" command with a slash prepended to the tag. E.g.: >
|
|
|
630 :tag /min
|
|
|
631 3. Use ":tnext" to jump to the next matching tag.
|
|
|
632
|
|
|
633 It is possible to add help files for plugins and other items. You don't need
|
|
|
634 to change the distributed help files for that. See |add-local-help|.
|
|
|
635
|
|
|
636 To write a local help file, see |write-local-help|.
|
|
|
637
|
|
|
638 Note that the title lines from the local help files are automagically added to
|
|
|
639 the "LOCAL ADDITIONS" section in the "help.txt" help file |local-additions|.
|
|
|
640 This is done when viewing the file in Vim, the file itself is not changed. It
|
|
|
641 is done by going through all help files and obtaining the first line of each
|
|
|
642 file. The files in $VIMRUNTIME/doc are skipped.
|
|
|
643
|
|
|
644 *help-xterm-window*
|
|
|
645 If you want to have the help in another xterm window, you could use this
|
|
|
646 command: >
|
|
|
647 :!xterm -e vim +help &
|
|
|
648 <
|
|
|
649
|
|
|
650 *:helpfind* *:helpf*
|
|
|
651 :helpf[ind] Like |:help|, but use a dialog to enter the argument.
|
|
|
652 Only for backwards compatibility. It now executes the
|
|
|
653 ToolBar.FindHelp menu entry instead of using a builtin
|
|
|
654 dialog. {only when compiled with |+GUI_GTK|}
|
|
|
655 < {not in Vi}
|
|
|
656
|
|
|
657 *:helpt* *:helptags*
|
|
|
658 *E154* *E150* *E151* *E152* *E153* *E670*
|
|
|
659 :helpt[ags] {dir} Generate the help tags file(s) for directory {dir}.
|
|
|
660 All "*.txt" and "*.??x" files in the directory are
|
|
|
661 scanned for a help tag definition in between stars.
|
|
|
662 The "*.??x" files are for translated docs, they
|
|
|
663 generate the "tags-??" file, see |help-translated|.
|
|
|
664 The generated tags files are sorted.
|
|
|
665 When there are duplicates an error message is given.
|
|
|
666 An existing tags file is silently overwritten.
|
|
|
667 To rebuild the help tags in the runtime directory
|
|
|
668 (requires write permission there): >
|
|
|
669 :helptags $VIMRUNTIME/doc
|
|
|
670 < {not in Vi}
|
|
|
671
|
|
|
672
|
|
|
673 TRANSLATED HELP *help-translated*
|
|
|
674
|
|
|
675 It is possible to add translated help files, next to the original English help
|
|
|
676 files. Vim will search for all help in "doc" directories in 'runtimepath'.
|
|
|
677 This is only available when compiled with the |+multi_lang| feature.
|
|
|
678
|
|
|
679 A set of translated help files consists of these files:
|
|
|
680
|
|
|
681 help.abx
|
|
|
682 howto.abx
|
|
|
683 ...
|
|
|
684 tags-ab
|
|
|
685
|
|
|
686 "ab" is the two-letter language code. Thus for Italian the names are:
|
|
|
687
|
|
|
688 help.itx
|
|
|
689 howto.itx
|
|
|
690 ...
|
|
|
691 tags-it
|
|
|
692
|
|
|
693 The 'helplang' option can be set to the preferred language(s). The default is
|
|
|
694 set according to the environment. Vim will first try to find a matching tag
|
|
|
695 in the preferred language(s). English is used when it cannot be found.
|
|
|
696
|
|
|
697 To find a tag in a specific language, append "@ab" to a tag, where "ab" is the
|
|
|
698 two-letter language code. Example: >
|
|
|
699 :he user-manual@it
|
|
|
700 :he user-manual@en
|
|
|
701 The first one finds the Italian user manual, even when 'helplang' is empty.
|
|
|
702 The second one finds the English user manual, even when 'helplang' is set to
|
|
|
703 "it".
|
|
|
704
|
|
|
705 When using command-line completion for the ":help" command, the "@en"
|
|
|
706 extention is only shown when a tag exists for multiple languages. When the
|
|
|
707 tag only exists for English "@en" is omitted.
|
|
|
708
|
|
|
709 When using |CTRL-]| or ":help!" in a non-English help file Vim will try to
|
|
|
710 find the tag in the same language. If not found then 'helplang' will be used
|
|
|
711 to select a language.
|
|
|
712
|
|
|
713 Help files must use latin1 or utf-8 encoding. Vim assumes the encoding is
|
|
|
714 utf-8 when finding non-ASCII characters in the first line. Thus you must
|
|
|
715 translate the header with "For Vim version".
|
|
|
716
|
|
|
717 The same encoding must be used for the help files of one language in one
|
|
|
718 directory. You can use a different encoding for different languages and use
|
|
|
719 a different encoding for help files of the same language but in a different
|
|
|
720 directory.
|
|
|
721
|
|
|
722 Hints for translators:
|
|
|
723 - Do not translate the tags. This makes it possible to use 'helplang' to
|
|
|
724 specify the preferred language. You may add new tags in your language.
|
|
|
725 - When you do not translate a part of a file, add tags to the English version,
|
|
|
726 using the "tag@en" notation.
|
|
|
727 - Make a package with all the files and the tags file available for download.
|
|
|
728 Users can drop it in one of the "doc" directories and start use it.
|
|
|
729 Report this to Bram, so that he can add a link on www.vim.org.
|
|
|
730 - Use the |:helptags| command to generate the tags files. It will find all
|
|
|
731 languages in the specified directory.
|
|
|
732
|
|
|
733 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
734 4. Using Vim like less or more *less*
|
|
|
735
|
|
|
736 If you use the less or more program to view a file, you don't get syntax
|
|
|
737 highlighting. Thus you would like to use Vim instead. You can do this by
|
|
|
738 using the shell script "$VIMRUNTIME/macros/less.sh".
|
|
|
739
|
|
|
740 This shell script uses the Vim script "$VIMRUNTIME/macros/less.vim". It sets
|
|
|
741 up mappings to simulate the commands that less supports. Otherwise, you can
|
|
|
742 still use the Vim commands.
|
|
|
743
|
|
|
744 This isn't perfect. For example, when viewing a short file Vim will still use
|
|
|
745 the whole screen. But it works good enough for most uses, and you get syntax
|
|
|
746 highlighting.
|
|
|
747
|
|
|
748 The "h" key will give you a short overview of the available commands.
|
|
|
749
|
|
|
750 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
|
