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annotate runtime/doc/eval.txt @ 5942:66eead134d68 v7.4.312
updated for version 7.4.312
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author | Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org> |
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date | Wed, 28 May 2014 18:22:57 +0200 |
parents | f6f754304324 |
children | 332a5c2b2956 |
rev | line source |
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5908 | 1 *eval.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2014 May 07 |
1621 | 2 |
3 | |
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
7 | 5 |
6 | |
7 Expression evaluation *expression* *expr* *E15* *eval* | |
8 | |
9 Using expressions is introduced in chapter 41 of the user manual |usr_41.txt|. | |
10 | |
11 Note: Expression evaluation can be disabled at compile time. If this has been | |
1621 | 12 done, the features in this document are not available. See |+eval| and |
99 | 13 |no-eval-feature|. |
7 | 14 |
85 | 15 1. Variables |variables| |
16 1.1 Variable types | |
87 | 17 1.2 Function references |Funcref| |
161 | 18 1.3 Lists |Lists| |
99 | 19 1.4 Dictionaries |Dictionaries| |
20 1.5 More about variables |more-variables| | |
85 | 21 2. Expression syntax |expression-syntax| |
22 3. Internal variable |internal-variables| | |
23 4. Builtin Functions |functions| | |
24 5. Defining functions |user-functions| | |
25 6. Curly braces names |curly-braces-names| | |
26 7. Commands |expression-commands| | |
27 8. Exception handling |exception-handling| | |
28 9. Examples |eval-examples| | |
29 10. No +eval feature |no-eval-feature| | |
30 11. The sandbox |eval-sandbox| | |
634 | 31 12. Textlock |textlock| |
7 | 32 |
33 {Vi does not have any of these commands} | |
34 | |
35 ============================================================================== | |
36 1. Variables *variables* | |
37 | |
85 | 38 1.1 Variable types ~ |
114 | 39 *E712* |
1621 | 40 There are six types of variables: |
41 | |
3082 | 42 Number A 32 or 64 bit signed number. |expr-number| *Number* |
99 | 43 Examples: -123 0x10 0177 |
44 | |
1621 | 45 Float A floating point number. |floating-point-format| *Float* |
46 {only when compiled with the |+float| feature} | |
47 Examples: 123.456 1.15e-6 -1.1e3 | |
48 | |
99 | 49 String A NUL terminated string of 8-bit unsigned characters (bytes). |
1621 | 50 |expr-string| Examples: "ab\txx\"--" 'x-z''a,c' |
99 | 51 |
52 Funcref A reference to a function |Funcref|. | |
53 Example: function("strlen") | |
54 | |
55 List An ordered sequence of items |List|. | |
56 Example: [1, 2, ['a', 'b']] | |
55 | 57 |
370 | 58 Dictionary An associative, unordered array: Each entry has a key and a |
59 value. |Dictionary| | |
60 Example: {'blue': "#0000ff", 'red': "#ff0000"} | |
61 | |
55 | 62 The Number and String types are converted automatically, depending on how they |
63 are used. | |
7 | 64 |
65 Conversion from a Number to a String is by making the ASCII representation of | |
2581 | 66 the Number. Examples: |
67 Number 123 --> String "123" ~ | |
68 Number 0 --> String "0" ~ | |
69 Number -1 --> String "-1" ~ | |
2152 | 70 *octal* |
7 | 71 Conversion from a String to a Number is done by converting the first digits |
72 to a number. Hexadecimal "0xf9" and Octal "017" numbers are recognized. If | |
2581 | 73 the String doesn't start with digits, the result is zero. Examples: |
74 String "456" --> Number 456 ~ | |
75 String "6bar" --> Number 6 ~ | |
76 String "foo" --> Number 0 ~ | |
77 String "0xf1" --> Number 241 ~ | |
78 String "0100" --> Number 64 ~ | |
79 String "-8" --> Number -8 ~ | |
80 String "+8" --> Number 0 ~ | |
7 | 81 |
82 To force conversion from String to Number, add zero to it: > | |
83 :echo "0100" + 0 | |
782 | 84 < 64 ~ |
85 | |
86 To avoid a leading zero to cause octal conversion, or for using a different | |
87 base, use |str2nr()|. | |
7 | 88 |
89 For boolean operators Numbers are used. Zero is FALSE, non-zero is TRUE. | |
90 | |
91 Note that in the command > | |
92 :if "foo" | |
93 "foo" is converted to 0, which means FALSE. To test for a non-empty string, | |
3893 | 94 use empty(): > |
95 :if !empty("foo") | |
153 | 96 < *E745* *E728* *E703* *E729* *E730* *E731* |
97 List, Dictionary and Funcref types are not automatically converted. | |
85 | 98 |
1621 | 99 *E805* *E806* *E808* |
100 When mixing Number and Float the Number is converted to Float. Otherwise | |
101 there is no automatic conversion of Float. You can use str2float() for String | |
102 to Float, printf() for Float to String and float2nr() for Float to Number. | |
103 | |
104 *E706* *sticky-type-checking* | |
85 | 105 You will get an error if you try to change the type of a variable. You need |
106 to |:unlet| it first to avoid this error. String and Number are considered | |
1621 | 107 equivalent though, as well are Float and Number. Consider this sequence of |
108 commands: > | |
85 | 109 :let l = "string" |
87 | 110 :let l = 44 " changes type from String to Number |
1621 | 111 :let l = [1, 2, 3] " error! l is still a Number |
112 :let l = 4.4 " changes type from Number to Float | |
113 :let l = "string" " error! | |
85 | 114 |
115 | |
87 | 116 1.2 Function references ~ |
153 | 117 *Funcref* *E695* *E718* |
1621 | 118 A Funcref variable is obtained with the |function()| function. It can be used |
114 | 119 in an expression in the place of a function name, before the parenthesis |
120 around the arguments, to invoke the function it refers to. Example: > | |
55 | 121 |
122 :let Fn = function("MyFunc") | |
123 :echo Fn() | |
114 | 124 < *E704* *E705* *E707* |
819 | 125 A Funcref variable must start with a capital, "s:", "w:", "t:" or "b:". You |
5340 | 126 can use "g:" but the following name must still start with a capital. You |
819 | 127 cannot have both a Funcref variable and a function with the same name. |
85 | 128 |
114 | 129 A special case is defining a function and directly assigning its Funcref to a |
130 Dictionary entry. Example: > | |
131 :function dict.init() dict | |
132 : let self.val = 0 | |
133 :endfunction | |
134 | |
135 The key of the Dictionary can start with a lower case letter. The actual | |
136 function name is not used here. Also see |numbered-function|. | |
137 | |
138 A Funcref can also be used with the |:call| command: > | |
139 :call Fn() | |
140 :call dict.init() | |
85 | 141 |
142 The name of the referenced function can be obtained with |string()|. > | |
119 | 143 :let func = string(Fn) |
85 | 144 |
145 You can use |call()| to invoke a Funcref and use a list variable for the | |
146 arguments: > | |
119 | 147 :let r = call(Fn, mylist) |
85 | 148 |
149 | |
87 | 150 1.3 Lists ~ |
5814 | 151 *list* *List* *Lists* *E686* |
55 | 152 A List is an ordered sequence of items. An item can be of any type. Items |
1621 | 153 can be accessed by their index number. Items can be added and removed at any |
55 | 154 position in the sequence. |
155 | |
85 | 156 |
157 List creation ~ | |
158 *E696* *E697* | |
55 | 159 A List is created with a comma separated list of items in square brackets. |
85 | 160 Examples: > |
161 :let mylist = [1, two, 3, "four"] | |
162 :let emptylist = [] | |
55 | 163 |
1621 | 164 An item can be any expression. Using a List for an item creates a |
842 | 165 List of Lists: > |
85 | 166 :let nestlist = [[11, 12], [21, 22], [31, 32]] |
55 | 167 |
168 An extra comma after the last item is ignored. | |
169 | |
85 | 170 |
171 List index ~ | |
172 *list-index* *E684* | |
55 | 173 An item in the List can be accessed by putting the index in square brackets |
85 | 174 after the List. Indexes are zero-based, thus the first item has index zero. > |
175 :let item = mylist[0] " get the first item: 1 | |
55 | 176 :let item = mylist[2] " get the third item: 3 |
85 | 177 |
87 | 178 When the resulting item is a list this can be repeated: > |
85 | 179 :let item = nestlist[0][1] " get the first list, second item: 12 |
55 | 180 < |
85 | 181 A negative index is counted from the end. Index -1 refers to the last item in |
182 the List, -2 to the last but one item, etc. > | |
55 | 183 :let last = mylist[-1] " get the last item: "four" |
184 | |
85 | 185 To avoid an error for an invalid index use the |get()| function. When an item |
87 | 186 is not available it returns zero or the default value you specify: > |
85 | 187 :echo get(mylist, idx) |
188 :echo get(mylist, idx, "NONE") | |
189 | |
190 | |
191 List concatenation ~ | |
192 | |
193 Two lists can be concatenated with the "+" operator: > | |
194 :let longlist = mylist + [5, 6] | |
119 | 195 :let mylist += [7, 8] |
85 | 196 |
197 To prepend or append an item turn the item into a list by putting [] around | |
198 it. To change a list in-place see |list-modification| below. | |
199 | |
200 | |
201 Sublist ~ | |
202 | |
55 | 203 A part of the List can be obtained by specifying the first and last index, |
204 separated by a colon in square brackets: > | |
85 | 205 :let shortlist = mylist[2:-1] " get List [3, "four"] |
55 | 206 |
207 Omitting the first index is similar to zero. Omitting the last index is | |
1156 | 208 similar to -1. > |
90 | 209 :let endlist = mylist[2:] " from item 2 to the end: [3, "four"] |
210 :let shortlist = mylist[2:2] " List with one item: [3] | |
211 :let otherlist = mylist[:] " make a copy of the List | |
85 | 212 |
842 | 213 If the first index is beyond the last item of the List or the second item is |
214 before the first item, the result is an empty list. There is no error | |
215 message. | |
216 | |
217 If the second index is equal to or greater than the length of the list the | |
218 length minus one is used: > | |
829 | 219 :let mylist = [0, 1, 2, 3] |
220 :echo mylist[2:8] " result: [2, 3] | |
221 | |
270 | 222 NOTE: mylist[s:e] means using the variable "s:e" as index. Watch out for |
1621 | 223 using a single letter variable before the ":". Insert a space when needed: |
270 | 224 mylist[s : e]. |
225 | |
85 | 226 |
227 List identity ~ | |
99 | 228 *list-identity* |
85 | 229 When variable "aa" is a list and you assign it to another variable "bb", both |
230 variables refer to the same list. Thus changing the list "aa" will also | |
231 change "bb": > | |
232 :let aa = [1, 2, 3] | |
233 :let bb = aa | |
234 :call add(aa, 4) | |
235 :echo bb | |
114 | 236 < [1, 2, 3, 4] |
85 | 237 |
238 Making a copy of a list is done with the |copy()| function. Using [:] also | |
239 works, as explained above. This creates a shallow copy of the list: Changing | |
87 | 240 a list item in the list will also change the item in the copied list: > |
85 | 241 :let aa = [[1, 'a'], 2, 3] |
242 :let bb = copy(aa) | |
114 | 243 :call add(aa, 4) |
85 | 244 :let aa[0][1] = 'aaa' |
245 :echo aa | |
114 | 246 < [[1, aaa], 2, 3, 4] > |
85 | 247 :echo bb |
114 | 248 < [[1, aaa], 2, 3] |
85 | 249 |
87 | 250 To make a completely independent list use |deepcopy()|. This also makes a |
114 | 251 copy of the values in the list, recursively. Up to a hundred levels deep. |
85 | 252 |
253 The operator "is" can be used to check if two variables refer to the same | |
114 | 254 List. "isnot" does the opposite. In contrast "==" compares if two lists have |
87 | 255 the same value. > |
256 :let alist = [1, 2, 3] | |
257 :let blist = [1, 2, 3] | |
258 :echo alist is blist | |
114 | 259 < 0 > |
87 | 260 :echo alist == blist |
114 | 261 < 1 |
85 | 262 |
323 | 263 Note about comparing lists: Two lists are considered equal if they have the |
264 same length and all items compare equal, as with using "==". There is one | |
388 | 265 exception: When comparing a number with a string they are considered |
266 different. There is no automatic type conversion, as with using "==" on | |
267 variables. Example: > | |
268 echo 4 == "4" | |
323 | 269 < 1 > |
388 | 270 echo [4] == ["4"] |
323 | 271 < 0 |
272 | |
388 | 273 Thus comparing Lists is more strict than comparing numbers and strings. You |
1621 | 274 can compare simple values this way too by putting them in a list: > |
388 | 275 |
276 :let a = 5 | |
277 :let b = "5" | |
1621 | 278 :echo a == b |
388 | 279 < 1 > |
1621 | 280 :echo [a] == [b] |
388 | 281 < 0 |
323 | 282 |
85 | 283 |
284 List unpack ~ | |
285 | |
286 To unpack the items in a list to individual variables, put the variables in | |
287 square brackets, like list items: > | |
288 :let [var1, var2] = mylist | |
289 | |
290 When the number of variables does not match the number of items in the list | |
291 this produces an error. To handle any extra items from the list append ";" | |
292 and a variable name: > | |
293 :let [var1, var2; rest] = mylist | |
294 | |
295 This works like: > | |
296 :let var1 = mylist[0] | |
297 :let var2 = mylist[1] | |
95 | 298 :let rest = mylist[2:] |
85 | 299 |
300 Except that there is no error if there are only two items. "rest" will be an | |
301 empty list then. | |
302 | |
303 | |
304 List modification ~ | |
305 *list-modification* | |
87 | 306 To change a specific item of a list use |:let| this way: > |
85 | 307 :let list[4] = "four" |
308 :let listlist[0][3] = item | |
309 | |
87 | 310 To change part of a list you can specify the first and last item to be |
114 | 311 modified. The value must at least have the number of items in the range: > |
87 | 312 :let list[3:5] = [3, 4, 5] |
313 | |
85 | 314 Adding and removing items from a list is done with functions. Here are a few |
315 examples: > | |
316 :call insert(list, 'a') " prepend item 'a' | |
317 :call insert(list, 'a', 3) " insert item 'a' before list[3] | |
318 :call add(list, "new") " append String item | |
114 | 319 :call add(list, [1, 2]) " append a List as one new item |
85 | 320 :call extend(list, [1, 2]) " extend the list with two more items |
321 :let i = remove(list, 3) " remove item 3 | |
108 | 322 :unlet list[3] " idem |
85 | 323 :let l = remove(list, 3, -1) " remove items 3 to last item |
108 | 324 :unlet list[3 : ] " idem |
114 | 325 :call filter(list, 'v:val !~ "x"') " remove items with an 'x' |
326 | |
327 Changing the order of items in a list: > | |
87 | 328 :call sort(list) " sort a list alphabetically |
329 :call reverse(list) " reverse the order of items | |
5747 | 330 :call uniq(sort(list)) " sort and remove duplicates |
87 | 331 |
85 | 332 |
333 For loop ~ | |
334 | |
87 | 335 The |:for| loop executes commands for each item in a list. A variable is set |
336 to each item in the list in sequence. Example: > | |
114 | 337 :for item in mylist |
338 : call Doit(item) | |
85 | 339 :endfor |
340 | |
341 This works like: > | |
342 :let index = 0 | |
343 :while index < len(mylist) | |
114 | 344 : let item = mylist[index] |
345 : :call Doit(item) | |
85 | 346 : let index = index + 1 |
347 :endwhile | |
348 | |
349 Note that all items in the list should be of the same type, otherwise this | |
114 | 350 results in error |E706|. To avoid this |:unlet| the variable at the end of |
87 | 351 the loop. |
85 | 352 |
95 | 353 If all you want to do is modify each item in the list then the |map()| |
114 | 354 function will be a simpler method than a for loop. |
95 | 355 |
1621 | 356 Just like the |:let| command, |:for| also accepts a list of variables. This |
85 | 357 requires the argument to be a list of lists. > |
358 :for [lnum, col] in [[1, 3], [2, 8], [3, 0]] | |
359 : call Doit(lnum, col) | |
360 :endfor | |
361 | |
362 This works like a |:let| command is done for each list item. Again, the types | |
363 must remain the same to avoid an error. | |
364 | |
114 | 365 It is also possible to put remaining items in a List variable: > |
85 | 366 :for [i, j; rest] in listlist |
367 : call Doit(i, j) | |
368 : if !empty(rest) | |
369 : echo "remainder: " . string(rest) | |
370 : endif | |
371 :endfor | |
372 | |
373 | |
374 List functions ~ | |
114 | 375 *E714* |
85 | 376 Functions that are useful with a List: > |
87 | 377 :let r = call(funcname, list) " call a function with an argument list |
85 | 378 :if empty(list) " check if list is empty |
102 | 379 :let l = len(list) " number of items in list |
380 :let big = max(list) " maximum value in list | |
381 :let small = min(list) " minimum value in list | |
87 | 382 :let xs = count(list, 'x') " count nr of times 'x' appears in list |
383 :let i = index(list, 'x') " index of first 'x' in list | |
85 | 384 :let lines = getline(1, 10) " get ten text lines from buffer |
385 :call append('$', lines) " append text lines in buffer | |
95 | 386 :let list = split("a b c") " create list from items in a string |
387 :let string = join(list, ', ') " create string from list items | |
102 | 388 :let s = string(list) " String representation of list |
389 :call map(list, '">> " . v:val') " prepend ">> " to each item | |
99 | 390 |
258 | 391 Don't forget that a combination of features can make things simple. For |
392 example, to add up all the numbers in a list: > | |
393 :exe 'let sum = ' . join(nrlist, '+') | |
394 | |
99 | 395 |
396 1.4 Dictionaries ~ | |
5814 | 397 *dict* *Dictionaries* *Dictionary* |
99 | 398 A Dictionary is an associative array: Each entry has a key and a value. The |
114 | 399 entry can be located with the key. The entries are stored without a specific |
400 ordering. | |
99 | 401 |
402 | |
403 Dictionary creation ~ | |
114 | 404 *E720* *E721* *E722* *E723* |
99 | 405 A Dictionary is created with a comma separated list of entries in curly |
114 | 406 braces. Each entry has a key and a value, separated by a colon. Each key can |
407 only appear once. Examples: > | |
99 | 408 :let mydict = {1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'} |
409 :let emptydict = {} | |
114 | 410 < *E713* *E716* *E717* |
99 | 411 A key is always a String. You can use a Number, it will be converted to a |
412 String automatically. Thus the String '4' and the number 4 will find the same | |
1621 | 413 entry. Note that the String '04' and the Number 04 are different, since the |
114 | 414 Number will be converted to the String '4'. |
415 | |
1621 | 416 A value can be any expression. Using a Dictionary for a value creates a |
99 | 417 nested Dictionary: > |
418 :let nestdict = {1: {11: 'a', 12: 'b'}, 2: {21: 'c'}} | |
419 | |
420 An extra comma after the last entry is ignored. | |
421 | |
422 | |
423 Accessing entries ~ | |
424 | |
425 The normal way to access an entry is by putting the key in square brackets: > | |
426 :let val = mydict["one"] | |
427 :let mydict["four"] = 4 | |
428 | |
114 | 429 You can add new entries to an existing Dictionary this way, unlike Lists. |
99 | 430 |
431 For keys that consist entirely of letters, digits and underscore the following | |
432 form can be used |expr-entry|: > | |
433 :let val = mydict.one | |
434 :let mydict.four = 4 | |
435 | |
436 Since an entry can be any type, also a List and a Dictionary, the indexing and | |
437 key lookup can be repeated: > | |
114 | 438 :echo dict.key[idx].key |
99 | 439 |
440 | |
441 Dictionary to List conversion ~ | |
442 | |
1621 | 443 You may want to loop over the entries in a dictionary. For this you need to |
99 | 444 turn the Dictionary into a List and pass it to |:for|. |
445 | |
446 Most often you want to loop over the keys, using the |keys()| function: > | |
447 :for key in keys(mydict) | |
448 : echo key . ': ' . mydict[key] | |
449 :endfor | |
450 | |
451 The List of keys is unsorted. You may want to sort them first: > | |
452 :for key in sort(keys(mydict)) | |
453 | |
454 To loop over the values use the |values()| function: > | |
455 :for v in values(mydict) | |
456 : echo "value: " . v | |
457 :endfor | |
458 | |
459 If you want both the key and the value use the |items()| function. It returns | |
1621 | 460 a List in which each item is a List with two items, the key and the value: > |
1156 | 461 :for [key, value] in items(mydict) |
462 : echo key . ': ' . value | |
99 | 463 :endfor |
464 | |
465 | |
466 Dictionary identity ~ | |
161 | 467 *dict-identity* |
99 | 468 Just like Lists you need to use |copy()| and |deepcopy()| to make a copy of a |
469 Dictionary. Otherwise, assignment results in referring to the same | |
470 Dictionary: > | |
471 :let onedict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2} | |
472 :let adict = onedict | |
473 :let adict['a'] = 11 | |
474 :echo onedict['a'] | |
475 11 | |
476 | |
327 | 477 Two Dictionaries compare equal if all the key-value pairs compare equal. For |
478 more info see |list-identity|. | |
99 | 479 |
480 | |
481 Dictionary modification ~ | |
482 *dict-modification* | |
483 To change an already existing entry of a Dictionary, or to add a new entry, | |
484 use |:let| this way: > | |
485 :let dict[4] = "four" | |
486 :let dict['one'] = item | |
487 | |
108 | 488 Removing an entry from a Dictionary is done with |remove()| or |:unlet|. |
489 Three ways to remove the entry with key "aaa" from dict: > | |
490 :let i = remove(dict, 'aaa') | |
491 :unlet dict.aaa | |
492 :unlet dict['aaa'] | |
99 | 493 |
494 Merging a Dictionary with another is done with |extend()|: > | |
114 | 495 :call extend(adict, bdict) |
496 This extends adict with all entries from bdict. Duplicate keys cause entries | |
497 in adict to be overwritten. An optional third argument can change this. | |
119 | 498 Note that the order of entries in a Dictionary is irrelevant, thus don't |
499 expect ":echo adict" to show the items from bdict after the older entries in | |
500 adict. | |
99 | 501 |
502 Weeding out entries from a Dictionary can be done with |filter()|: > | |
1156 | 503 :call filter(dict, 'v:val =~ "x"') |
114 | 504 This removes all entries from "dict" with a value not matching 'x'. |
102 | 505 |
506 | |
507 Dictionary function ~ | |
4159 | 508 *Dictionary-function* *self* *E725* *E862* |
102 | 509 When a function is defined with the "dict" attribute it can be used in a |
1621 | 510 special way with a dictionary. Example: > |
102 | 511 :function Mylen() dict |
114 | 512 : return len(self.data) |
102 | 513 :endfunction |
114 | 514 :let mydict = {'data': [0, 1, 2, 3], 'len': function("Mylen")} |
515 :echo mydict.len() | |
102 | 516 |
517 This is like a method in object oriented programming. The entry in the | |
518 Dictionary is a |Funcref|. The local variable "self" refers to the dictionary | |
519 the function was invoked from. | |
520 | |
114 | 521 It is also possible to add a function without the "dict" attribute as a |
522 Funcref to a Dictionary, but the "self" variable is not available then. | |
523 | |
819 | 524 *numbered-function* *anonymous-function* |
102 | 525 To avoid the extra name for the function it can be defined and directly |
526 assigned to a Dictionary in this way: > | |
114 | 527 :let mydict = {'data': [0, 1, 2, 3]} |
528 :function mydict.len() dict | |
529 : return len(self.data) | |
102 | 530 :endfunction |
114 | 531 :echo mydict.len() |
532 | |
533 The function will then get a number and the value of dict.len is a |Funcref| | |
1621 | 534 that references this function. The function can only be used through a |
114 | 535 |Funcref|. It will automatically be deleted when there is no |Funcref| |
536 remaining that refers to it. | |
537 | |
538 It is not necessary to use the "dict" attribute for a numbered function. | |
102 | 539 |
2488
def0e3934129
Preparations for 7.3d release.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2465
diff
changeset
|
540 If you get an error for a numbered function, you can find out what it is with |
def0e3934129
Preparations for 7.3d release.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2465
diff
changeset
|
541 a trick. Assuming the function is 42, the command is: > |
def0e3934129
Preparations for 7.3d release.
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542 :function {42} |
def0e3934129
Preparations for 7.3d release.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2465
diff
changeset
|
543 |
102 | 544 |
545 Functions for Dictionaries ~ | |
114 | 546 *E715* |
547 Functions that can be used with a Dictionary: > | |
102 | 548 :if has_key(dict, 'foo') " TRUE if dict has entry with key "foo" |
549 :if empty(dict) " TRUE if dict is empty | |
550 :let l = len(dict) " number of items in dict | |
551 :let big = max(dict) " maximum value in dict | |
552 :let small = min(dict) " minimum value in dict | |
553 :let xs = count(dict, 'x') " count nr of times 'x' appears in dict | |
554 :let s = string(dict) " String representation of dict | |
555 :call map(dict, '">> " . v:val') " prepend ">> " to each item | |
99 | 556 |
557 | |
558 1.5 More about variables ~ | |
85 | 559 *more-variables* |
7 | 560 If you need to know the type of a variable or expression, use the |type()| |
561 function. | |
562 | |
563 When the '!' flag is included in the 'viminfo' option, global variables that | |
564 start with an uppercase letter, and don't contain a lowercase letter, are | |
565 stored in the viminfo file |viminfo-file|. | |
566 | |
567 When the 'sessionoptions' option contains "global", global variables that | |
568 start with an uppercase letter and contain at least one lowercase letter are | |
569 stored in the session file |session-file|. | |
570 | |
571 variable name can be stored where ~ | |
572 my_var_6 not | |
573 My_Var_6 session file | |
574 MY_VAR_6 viminfo file | |
575 | |
576 | |
577 It's possible to form a variable name with curly braces, see | |
578 |curly-braces-names|. | |
579 | |
580 ============================================================================== | |
581 2. Expression syntax *expression-syntax* | |
582 | |
583 Expression syntax summary, from least to most significant: | |
584 | |
585 |expr1| expr2 ? expr1 : expr1 if-then-else | |
586 | |
587 |expr2| expr3 || expr3 .. logical OR | |
588 | |
589 |expr3| expr4 && expr4 .. logical AND | |
590 | |
591 |expr4| expr5 == expr5 equal | |
592 expr5 != expr5 not equal | |
593 expr5 > expr5 greater than | |
594 expr5 >= expr5 greater than or equal | |
595 expr5 < expr5 smaller than | |
596 expr5 <= expr5 smaller than or equal | |
597 expr5 =~ expr5 regexp matches | |
598 expr5 !~ expr5 regexp doesn't match | |
599 | |
600 expr5 ==? expr5 equal, ignoring case | |
601 expr5 ==# expr5 equal, match case | |
602 etc. As above, append ? for ignoring case, # for | |
603 matching case | |
604 | |
685 | 605 expr5 is expr5 same |List| instance |
606 expr5 isnot expr5 different |List| instance | |
79 | 607 |
608 |expr5| expr6 + expr6 .. number addition or list concatenation | |
7 | 609 expr6 - expr6 .. number subtraction |
610 expr6 . expr6 .. string concatenation | |
611 | |
612 |expr6| expr7 * expr7 .. number multiplication | |
613 expr7 / expr7 .. number division | |
614 expr7 % expr7 .. number modulo | |
615 | |
616 |expr7| ! expr7 logical NOT | |
617 - expr7 unary minus | |
618 + expr7 unary plus | |
102 | 619 |
685 | 620 |expr8| expr8[expr1] byte of a String or item of a |List| |
621 expr8[expr1 : expr1] substring of a String or sublist of a |List| | |
622 expr8.name entry in a |Dictionary| | |
623 expr8(expr1, ...) function call with |Funcref| variable | |
102 | 624 |
625 |expr9| number number constant | |
26 | 626 "string" string constant, backslash is special |
99 | 627 'string' string constant, ' is doubled |
685 | 628 [expr1, ...] |List| |
629 {expr1: expr1, ...} |Dictionary| | |
7 | 630 &option option value |
631 (expr1) nested expression | |
632 variable internal variable | |
633 va{ria}ble internal variable with curly braces | |
634 $VAR environment variable | |
635 @r contents of register 'r' | |
636 function(expr1, ...) function call | |
637 func{ti}on(expr1, ...) function call with curly braces | |
638 | |
639 | |
640 ".." indicates that the operations in this level can be concatenated. | |
641 Example: > | |
642 &nu || &list && &shell == "csh" | |
643 | |
644 All expressions within one level are parsed from left to right. | |
645 | |
646 | |
647 expr1 *expr1* *E109* | |
648 ----- | |
649 | |
650 expr2 ? expr1 : expr1 | |
651 | |
652 The expression before the '?' is evaluated to a number. If it evaluates to | |
653 non-zero, the result is the value of the expression between the '?' and ':', | |
654 otherwise the result is the value of the expression after the ':'. | |
655 Example: > | |
656 :echo lnum == 1 ? "top" : lnum | |
657 | |
658 Since the first expression is an "expr2", it cannot contain another ?:. The | |
659 other two expressions can, thus allow for recursive use of ?:. | |
660 Example: > | |
661 :echo lnum == 1 ? "top" : lnum == 1000 ? "last" : lnum | |
662 | |
663 To keep this readable, using |line-continuation| is suggested: > | |
664 :echo lnum == 1 | |
665 :\ ? "top" | |
666 :\ : lnum == 1000 | |
667 :\ ? "last" | |
668 :\ : lnum | |
669 | |
1156 | 670 You should always put a space before the ':', otherwise it can be mistaken for |
671 use in a variable such as "a:1". | |
672 | |
7 | 673 |
674 expr2 and expr3 *expr2* *expr3* | |
675 --------------- | |
676 | |
677 *expr-barbar* *expr-&&* | |
678 The "||" and "&&" operators take one argument on each side. The arguments | |
679 are (converted to) Numbers. The result is: | |
680 | |
681 input output ~ | |
682 n1 n2 n1 || n2 n1 && n2 ~ | |
683 zero zero zero zero | |
684 zero non-zero non-zero zero | |
685 non-zero zero non-zero zero | |
686 non-zero non-zero non-zero non-zero | |
687 | |
688 The operators can be concatenated, for example: > | |
689 | |
690 &nu || &list && &shell == "csh" | |
691 | |
692 Note that "&&" takes precedence over "||", so this has the meaning of: > | |
693 | |
694 &nu || (&list && &shell == "csh") | |
695 | |
696 Once the result is known, the expression "short-circuits", that is, further | |
697 arguments are not evaluated. This is like what happens in C. For example: > | |
698 | |
699 let a = 1 | |
700 echo a || b | |
701 | |
702 This is valid even if there is no variable called "b" because "a" is non-zero, | |
703 so the result must be non-zero. Similarly below: > | |
704 | |
705 echo exists("b") && b == "yes" | |
706 | |
707 This is valid whether "b" has been defined or not. The second clause will | |
708 only be evaluated if "b" has been defined. | |
709 | |
710 | |
711 expr4 *expr4* | |
712 ----- | |
713 | |
714 expr5 {cmp} expr5 | |
715 | |
716 Compare two expr5 expressions, resulting in a 0 if it evaluates to false, or 1 | |
717 if it evaluates to true. | |
718 | |
1621 | 719 *expr-==* *expr-!=* *expr->* *expr->=* |
7 | 720 *expr-<* *expr-<=* *expr-=~* *expr-!~* |
721 *expr-==#* *expr-!=#* *expr->#* *expr->=#* | |
722 *expr-<#* *expr-<=#* *expr-=~#* *expr-!~#* | |
723 *expr-==?* *expr-!=?* *expr->?* *expr->=?* | |
724 *expr-<?* *expr-<=?* *expr-=~?* *expr-!~?* | |
2908 | 725 *expr-is* *expr-isnot* *expr-is#* *expr-isnot#* |
726 *expr-is?* *expr-isnot?* | |
7 | 727 use 'ignorecase' match case ignore case ~ |
728 equal == ==# ==? | |
729 not equal != !=# !=? | |
730 greater than > ># >? | |
731 greater than or equal >= >=# >=? | |
732 smaller than < <# <? | |
733 smaller than or equal <= <=# <=? | |
734 regexp matches =~ =~# =~? | |
735 regexp doesn't match !~ !~# !~? | |
2908 | 736 same instance is is# is? |
737 different instance isnot isnot# isnot? | |
7 | 738 |
739 Examples: | |
740 "abc" ==# "Abc" evaluates to 0 | |
741 "abc" ==? "Abc" evaluates to 1 | |
742 "abc" == "Abc" evaluates to 1 if 'ignorecase' is set, 0 otherwise | |
743 | |
85 | 744 *E691* *E692* |
685 | 745 A |List| can only be compared with a |List| and only "equal", "not equal" and |
746 "is" can be used. This compares the values of the list, recursively. | |
747 Ignoring case means case is ignored when comparing item values. | |
79 | 748 |
114 | 749 *E735* *E736* |
685 | 750 A |Dictionary| can only be compared with a |Dictionary| and only "equal", "not |
751 equal" and "is" can be used. This compares the key/values of the |Dictionary| | |
114 | 752 recursively. Ignoring case means case is ignored when comparing item values. |
753 | |
85 | 754 *E693* *E694* |
685 | 755 A |Funcref| can only be compared with a |Funcref| and only "equal" and "not |
756 equal" can be used. Case is never ignored. | |
757 | |
2908 | 758 When using "is" or "isnot" with a |List| or a |Dictionary| this checks if the |
759 expressions are referring to the same |List| or |Dictionary| instance. A copy | |
760 of a |List| is different from the original |List|. When using "is" without | |
761 a |List| or a |Dictionary| it is equivalent to using "equal", using "isnot" | |
762 equivalent to using "not equal". Except that a different type means the | |
763 values are different: "4 == '4'" is true, "4 is '4'" is false and "0 is []" is | |
3830 | 764 false and not an error. "is#"/"isnot#" and "is?"/"isnot?" can be used to match |
2908 | 765 and ignore case. |
79 | 766 |
7 | 767 When comparing a String with a Number, the String is converted to a Number, |
1621 | 768 and the comparison is done on Numbers. This means that "0 == 'x'" is TRUE, |
7 | 769 because 'x' converted to a Number is zero. |
770 | |
771 When comparing two Strings, this is done with strcmp() or stricmp(). This | |
772 results in the mathematical difference (comparing byte values), not | |
773 necessarily the alphabetical difference in the local language. | |
774 | |
1621 | 775 When using the operators with a trailing '#', or the short version and |
1156 | 776 'ignorecase' is off, the comparing is done with strcmp(): case matters. |
7 | 777 |
778 When using the operators with a trailing '?', or the short version and | |
1156 | 779 'ignorecase' is set, the comparing is done with stricmp(): case is ignored. |
780 | |
781 'smartcase' is not used. | |
7 | 782 |
783 The "=~" and "!~" operators match the lefthand argument with the righthand | |
784 argument, which is used as a pattern. See |pattern| for what a pattern is. | |
785 This matching is always done like 'magic' was set and 'cpoptions' is empty, no | |
786 matter what the actual value of 'magic' or 'cpoptions' is. This makes scripts | |
787 portable. To avoid backslashes in the regexp pattern to be doubled, use a | |
788 single-quote string, see |literal-string|. | |
789 Since a string is considered to be a single line, a multi-line pattern | |
790 (containing \n, backslash-n) will not match. However, a literal NL character | |
791 can be matched like an ordinary character. Examples: | |
792 "foo\nbar" =~ "\n" evaluates to 1 | |
793 "foo\nbar" =~ "\\n" evaluates to 0 | |
794 | |
795 | |
796 expr5 and expr6 *expr5* *expr6* | |
797 --------------- | |
685 | 798 expr6 + expr6 .. Number addition or |List| concatenation *expr-+* |
79 | 799 expr6 - expr6 .. Number subtraction *expr--* |
800 expr6 . expr6 .. String concatenation *expr-.* | |
801 | |
692 | 802 For |Lists| only "+" is possible and then both expr6 must be a list. The |
685 | 803 result is a new list with the two lists Concatenated. |
79 | 804 |
3214 | 805 expr7 * expr7 .. Number multiplication *expr-star* |
806 expr7 / expr7 .. Number division *expr-/* | |
807 expr7 % expr7 .. Number modulo *expr-%* | |
7 | 808 |
809 For all, except ".", Strings are converted to Numbers. | |
3214 | 810 For bitwise operators see |and()|, |or()| and |xor()|. |
7 | 811 |
812 Note the difference between "+" and ".": | |
813 "123" + "456" = 579 | |
814 "123" . "456" = "123456" | |
815 | |
1621 | 816 Since '.' has the same precedence as '+' and '-', you need to read: > |
817 1 . 90 + 90.0 | |
818 As: > | |
819 (1 . 90) + 90.0 | |
820 That works, since the String "190" is automatically converted to the Number | |
821 190, which can be added to the Float 90.0. However: > | |
822 1 . 90 * 90.0 | |
823 Should be read as: > | |
824 1 . (90 * 90.0) | |
825 Since '.' has lower precedence than '*'. This does NOT work, since this | |
826 attempts to concatenate a Float and a String. | |
827 | |
828 When dividing a Number by zero the result depends on the value: | |
829 0 / 0 = -0x80000000 (like NaN for Float) | |
830 >0 / 0 = 0x7fffffff (like positive infinity) | |
831 <0 / 0 = -0x7fffffff (like negative infinity) | |
832 (before Vim 7.2 it was always 0x7fffffff) | |
833 | |
7 | 834 When the righthand side of '%' is zero, the result is 0. |
835 | |
685 | 836 None of these work for |Funcref|s. |
79 | 837 |
1621 | 838 . and % do not work for Float. *E804* |
839 | |
7 | 840 |
841 expr7 *expr7* | |
842 ----- | |
843 ! expr7 logical NOT *expr-!* | |
844 - expr7 unary minus *expr-unary--* | |
845 + expr7 unary plus *expr-unary-+* | |
846 | |
847 For '!' non-zero becomes zero, zero becomes one. | |
848 For '-' the sign of the number is changed. | |
849 For '+' the number is unchanged. | |
850 | |
851 A String will be converted to a Number first. | |
852 | |
1621 | 853 These three can be repeated and mixed. Examples: |
7 | 854 !-1 == 0 |
855 !!8 == 1 | |
856 --9 == 9 | |
857 | |
858 | |
859 expr8 *expr8* | |
860 ----- | |
685 | 861 expr8[expr1] item of String or |List| *expr-[]* *E111* |
102 | 862 |
863 If expr8 is a Number or String this results in a String that contains the | |
864 expr1'th single byte from expr8. expr8 is used as a String, expr1 as a | |
2033
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865 Number. This doesn't recognize multi-byte encodings, see |byteidx()| for |
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866 an alternative. |
55 | 867 |
868 Index zero gives the first character. This is like it works in C. Careful: | |
869 text column numbers start with one! Example, to get the character under the | |
870 cursor: > | |
823 | 871 :let c = getline(".")[col(".") - 1] |
7 | 872 |
873 If the length of the String is less than the index, the result is an empty | |
55 | 874 String. A negative index always results in an empty string (reason: backwards |
875 compatibility). Use [-1:] to get the last byte. | |
876 | |
685 | 877 If expr8 is a |List| then it results the item at index expr1. See |list-index| |
55 | 878 for possible index values. If the index is out of range this results in an |
1621 | 879 error. Example: > |
55 | 880 :let item = mylist[-1] " get last item |
881 | |
685 | 882 Generally, if a |List| index is equal to or higher than the length of the |
883 |List|, or more negative than the length of the |List|, this results in an | |
884 error. | |
55 | 885 |
99 | 886 |
102 | 887 expr8[expr1a : expr1b] substring or sublist *expr-[:]* |
888 | |
889 If expr8 is a Number or String this results in the substring with the bytes | |
890 from expr1a to and including expr1b. expr8 is used as a String, expr1a and | |
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|
891 expr1b are used as a Number. This doesn't recognize multi-byte encodings, see |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
892 |byteidx()| for computing the indexes. |
55 | 893 |
894 If expr1a is omitted zero is used. If expr1b is omitted the length of the | |
895 string minus one is used. | |
896 | |
897 A negative number can be used to measure from the end of the string. -1 is | |
898 the last character, -2 the last but one, etc. | |
899 | |
900 If an index goes out of range for the string characters are omitted. If | |
901 expr1b is smaller than expr1a the result is an empty string. | |
902 | |
903 Examples: > | |
904 :let c = name[-1:] " last byte of a string | |
905 :let c = name[-2:-2] " last but one byte of a string | |
906 :let s = line(".")[4:] " from the fifth byte to the end | |
907 :let s = s[:-3] " remove last two bytes | |
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908 < |
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909 *sublist* *slice* |
685 | 910 If expr8 is a |List| this results in a new |List| with the items indicated by |
1621 | 911 the indexes expr1a and expr1b. This works like with a String, as explained |
685 | 912 just above, except that indexes out of range cause an error. Examples: > |
55 | 913 :let l = mylist[:3] " first four items |
914 :let l = mylist[4:4] " List with one item | |
915 :let l = mylist[:] " shallow copy of a List | |
916 | |
685 | 917 Using expr8[expr1] or expr8[expr1a : expr1b] on a |Funcref| results in an |
918 error. | |
919 | |
920 | |
921 expr8.name entry in a |Dictionary| *expr-entry* | |
922 | |
923 If expr8 is a |Dictionary| and it is followed by a dot, then the following | |
924 name will be used as a key in the |Dictionary|. This is just like: | |
925 expr8[name]. | |
99 | 926 |
927 The name must consist of alphanumeric characters, just like a variable name, | |
928 but it may start with a number. Curly braces cannot be used. | |
929 | |
930 There must not be white space before or after the dot. | |
931 | |
932 Examples: > | |
933 :let dict = {"one": 1, 2: "two"} | |
934 :echo dict.one | |
935 :echo dict .2 | |
936 | |
937 Note that the dot is also used for String concatenation. To avoid confusion | |
938 always put spaces around the dot for String concatenation. | |
939 | |
940 | |
685 | 941 expr8(expr1, ...) |Funcref| function call |
102 | 942 |
943 When expr8 is a |Funcref| type variable, invoke the function it refers to. | |
944 | |
945 | |
946 | |
947 *expr9* | |
7 | 948 number |
949 ------ | |
3224 | 950 number number constant *expr-number* |
951 *hex-number* *octal-number* | |
7 | 952 |
953 Decimal, Hexadecimal (starting with 0x or 0X), or Octal (starting with 0). | |
954 | |
1621 | 955 *floating-point-format* |
956 Floating point numbers can be written in two forms: | |
957 | |
958 [-+]{N}.{M} | |
959 [-+]{N}.{M}e[-+]{exp} | |
960 | |
961 {N} and {M} are numbers. Both {N} and {M} must be present and can only | |
962 contain digits. | |
963 [-+] means there is an optional plus or minus sign. | |
964 {exp} is the exponent, power of 10. | |
965 Only a decimal point is accepted, not a comma. No matter what the current | |
966 locale is. | |
967 {only when compiled with the |+float| feature} | |
968 | |
969 Examples: | |
970 123.456 | |
971 +0.0001 | |
972 55.0 | |
973 -0.123 | |
974 1.234e03 | |
975 1.0E-6 | |
976 -3.1416e+88 | |
977 | |
978 These are INVALID: | |
979 3. empty {M} | |
980 1e40 missing .{M} | |
981 | |
1698 | 982 *float-pi* *float-e* |
983 A few useful values to copy&paste: > | |
984 :let pi = 3.14159265359 | |
985 :let e = 2.71828182846 | |
986 | |
1621 | 987 Rationale: |
988 Before floating point was introduced, the text "123.456" was interpreted as | |
989 the two numbers "123" and "456", both converted to a string and concatenated, | |
990 resulting in the string "123456". Since this was considered pointless, and we | |
1698 | 991 could not find it intentionally being used in Vim scripts, this backwards |
1621 | 992 incompatibility was accepted in favor of being able to use the normal notation |
993 for floating point numbers. | |
994 | |
995 *floating-point-precision* | |
996 The precision and range of floating points numbers depends on what "double" | |
997 means in the library Vim was compiled with. There is no way to change this at | |
998 runtime. | |
999 | |
1000 The default for displaying a |Float| is to use 6 decimal places, like using | |
1001 printf("%g", f). You can select something else when using the |printf()| | |
1002 function. Example: > | |
1003 :echo printf('%.15e', atan(1)) | |
1004 < 7.853981633974483e-01 | |
1005 | |
1006 | |
7 | 1007 |
5814 | 1008 string *string* *expr-string* *E114* |
7 | 1009 ------ |
1010 "string" string constant *expr-quote* | |
1011 | |
1012 Note that double quotes are used. | |
1013 | |
1014 A string constant accepts these special characters: | |
1015 \... three-digit octal number (e.g., "\316") | |
1016 \.. two-digit octal number (must be followed by non-digit) | |
1017 \. one-digit octal number (must be followed by non-digit) | |
1018 \x.. byte specified with two hex numbers (e.g., "\x1f") | |
1019 \x. byte specified with one hex number (must be followed by non-hex char) | |
1020 \X.. same as \x.. | |
1021 \X. same as \x. | |
1621 | 1022 \u.... character specified with up to 4 hex numbers, stored according to the |
7 | 1023 current value of 'encoding' (e.g., "\u02a4") |
1024 \U.... same as \u.... | |
1025 \b backspace <BS> | |
1026 \e escape <Esc> | |
1027 \f formfeed <FF> | |
1028 \n newline <NL> | |
1029 \r return <CR> | |
1030 \t tab <Tab> | |
1031 \\ backslash | |
1032 \" double quote | |
2152 | 1033 \<xxx> Special key named "xxx". e.g. "\<C-W>" for CTRL-W. This is for use |
1034 in mappings, the 0x80 byte is escaped. Don't use <Char-xxxx> to get a | |
1035 utf-8 character, use \uxxxx as mentioned above. | |
7 | 1036 |
1156 | 1037 Note that "\xff" is stored as the byte 255, which may be invalid in some |
1038 encodings. Use "\u00ff" to store character 255 according to the current value | |
1039 of 'encoding'. | |
1040 | |
7 | 1041 Note that "\000" and "\x00" force the end of the string. |
1042 | |
1043 | |
1044 literal-string *literal-string* *E115* | |
1045 --------------- | |
26 | 1046 'string' string constant *expr-'* |
7 | 1047 |
1048 Note that single quotes are used. | |
1049 | |
1621 | 1050 This string is taken as it is. No backslashes are removed or have a special |
99 | 1051 meaning. The only exception is that two quotes stand for one quote. |
26 | 1052 |
1053 Single quoted strings are useful for patterns, so that backslashes do not need | |
1621 | 1054 to be doubled. These two commands are equivalent: > |
26 | 1055 if a =~ "\\s*" |
1056 if a =~ '\s*' | |
7 | 1057 |
1058 | |
1059 option *expr-option* *E112* *E113* | |
1060 ------ | |
1061 &option option value, local value if possible | |
1062 &g:option global option value | |
1063 &l:option local option value | |
1064 | |
1065 Examples: > | |
1066 echo "tabstop is " . &tabstop | |
1067 if &insertmode | |
1068 | |
1069 Any option name can be used here. See |options|. When using the local value | |
1070 and there is no buffer-local or window-local value, the global value is used | |
1071 anyway. | |
1072 | |
1073 | |
1156 | 1074 register *expr-register* *@r* |
7 | 1075 -------- |
1076 @r contents of register 'r' | |
1077 | |
1078 The result is the contents of the named register, as a single string. | |
1079 Newlines are inserted where required. To get the contents of the unnamed | |
1621 | 1080 register use @" or @@. See |registers| for an explanation of the available |
336 | 1081 registers. |
1082 | |
1083 When using the '=' register you get the expression itself, not what it | |
1084 evaluates to. Use |eval()| to evaluate it. | |
7 | 1085 |
1086 | |
1087 nesting *expr-nesting* *E110* | |
1088 ------- | |
1089 (expr1) nested expression | |
1090 | |
1091 | |
1092 environment variable *expr-env* | |
1093 -------------------- | |
1094 $VAR environment variable | |
1095 | |
1096 The String value of any environment variable. When it is not defined, the | |
1097 result is an empty string. | |
1098 *expr-env-expand* | |
1099 Note that there is a difference between using $VAR directly and using | |
1100 expand("$VAR"). Using it directly will only expand environment variables that | |
1101 are known inside the current Vim session. Using expand() will first try using | |
1102 the environment variables known inside the current Vim session. If that | |
1103 fails, a shell will be used to expand the variable. This can be slow, but it | |
1104 does expand all variables that the shell knows about. Example: > | |
1105 :echo $version | |
1106 :echo expand("$version") | |
1107 The first one probably doesn't echo anything, the second echoes the $version | |
1108 variable (if your shell supports it). | |
1109 | |
1110 | |
1111 internal variable *expr-variable* | |
1112 ----------------- | |
1113 variable internal variable | |
1114 See below |internal-variables|. | |
1115 | |
1116 | |
170 | 1117 function call *expr-function* *E116* *E118* *E119* *E120* |
7 | 1118 ------------- |
1119 function(expr1, ...) function call | |
1120 See below |functions|. | |
1121 | |
1122 | |
1123 ============================================================================== | |
2596 | 1124 3. Internal variable *internal-variables* *E461* |
1125 | |
7 | 1126 An internal variable name can be made up of letters, digits and '_'. But it |
1127 cannot start with a digit. It's also possible to use curly braces, see | |
1128 |curly-braces-names|. | |
1129 | |
1130 An internal variable is created with the ":let" command |:let|. | |
87 | 1131 An internal variable is explicitly destroyed with the ":unlet" command |
1132 |:unlet|. | |
1133 Using a name that is not an internal variable or refers to a variable that has | |
1134 been destroyed results in an error. | |
7 | 1135 |
1136 There are several name spaces for variables. Which one is to be used is | |
1137 specified by what is prepended: | |
1138 | |
1139 (nothing) In a function: local to a function; otherwise: global | |
1140 |buffer-variable| b: Local to the current buffer. | |
1141 |window-variable| w: Local to the current window. | |
819 | 1142 |tabpage-variable| t: Local to the current tab page. |
7 | 1143 |global-variable| g: Global. |
1144 |local-variable| l: Local to a function. | |
1145 |script-variable| s: Local to a |:source|'ed Vim script. | |
1146 |function-argument| a: Function argument (only inside a function). | |
5815 | 1147 |vim-variable| v: Global, predefined by Vim. |
7 | 1148 |
685 | 1149 The scope name by itself can be used as a |Dictionary|. For example, to |
1150 delete all script-local variables: > | |
133 | 1151 :for k in keys(s:) |
1152 : unlet s:[k] | |
1153 :endfor | |
1154 < | |
4358 | 1155 *buffer-variable* *b:var* *b:* |
7 | 1156 A variable name that is preceded with "b:" is local to the current buffer. |
1157 Thus you can have several "b:foo" variables, one for each buffer. | |
1158 This kind of variable is deleted when the buffer is wiped out or deleted with | |
1159 |:bdelete|. | |
1160 | |
1161 One local buffer variable is predefined: | |
4264 | 1162 *b:changedtick* *changetick* |
7 | 1163 b:changedtick The total number of changes to the current buffer. It is |
1164 incremented for each change. An undo command is also a change | |
1165 in this case. This can be used to perform an action only when | |
1166 the buffer has changed. Example: > | |
1167 :if my_changedtick != b:changedtick | |
1621 | 1168 : let my_changedtick = b:changedtick |
1169 : call My_Update() | |
7 | 1170 :endif |
1171 < | |
4358 | 1172 *window-variable* *w:var* *w:* |
7 | 1173 A variable name that is preceded with "w:" is local to the current window. It |
1174 is deleted when the window is closed. | |
1175 | |
4437 | 1176 *tabpage-variable* *t:var* *t:* |
819 | 1177 A variable name that is preceded with "t:" is local to the current tab page, |
1178 It is deleted when the tab page is closed. {not available when compiled | |
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|
1179 without the |+windows| feature} |
819 | 1180 |
4358 | 1181 *global-variable* *g:var* *g:* |
7 | 1182 Inside functions global variables are accessed with "g:". Omitting this will |
1621 | 1183 access a variable local to a function. But "g:" can also be used in any other |
7 | 1184 place if you like. |
1185 | |
4358 | 1186 *local-variable* *l:var* *l:* |
7 | 1187 Inside functions local variables are accessed without prepending anything. |
1156 | 1188 But you can also prepend "l:" if you like. However, without prepending "l:" |
1189 you may run into reserved variable names. For example "count". By itself it | |
1190 refers to "v:count". Using "l:count" you can have a local variable with the | |
1191 same name. | |
7 | 1192 |
1193 *script-variable* *s:var* | |
1194 In a Vim script variables starting with "s:" can be used. They cannot be | |
1195 accessed from outside of the scripts, thus are local to the script. | |
1196 | |
1197 They can be used in: | |
1198 - commands executed while the script is sourced | |
1199 - functions defined in the script | |
1200 - autocommands defined in the script | |
1201 - functions and autocommands defined in functions and autocommands which were | |
1202 defined in the script (recursively) | |
1203 - user defined commands defined in the script | |
1204 Thus not in: | |
1205 - other scripts sourced from this one | |
1206 - mappings | |
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diff
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|
1207 - menus |
7 | 1208 - etc. |
1209 | |
1156 | 1210 Script variables can be used to avoid conflicts with global variable names. |
1211 Take this example: > | |
7 | 1212 |
1213 let s:counter = 0 | |
1214 function MyCounter() | |
1215 let s:counter = s:counter + 1 | |
1216 echo s:counter | |
1217 endfunction | |
1218 command Tick call MyCounter() | |
1219 | |
1220 You can now invoke "Tick" from any script, and the "s:counter" variable in | |
1221 that script will not be changed, only the "s:counter" in the script where | |
1222 "Tick" was defined is used. | |
1223 | |
1224 Another example that does the same: > | |
1225 | |
1226 let s:counter = 0 | |
1227 command Tick let s:counter = s:counter + 1 | echo s:counter | |
1228 | |
1229 When calling a function and invoking a user-defined command, the context for | |
9 | 1230 script variables is set to the script where the function or command was |
7 | 1231 defined. |
1232 | |
1233 The script variables are also available when a function is defined inside a | |
1234 function that is defined in a script. Example: > | |
1235 | |
1236 let s:counter = 0 | |
1237 function StartCounting(incr) | |
1238 if a:incr | |
1239 function MyCounter() | |
1240 let s:counter = s:counter + 1 | |
1241 endfunction | |
1242 else | |
1243 function MyCounter() | |
1244 let s:counter = s:counter - 1 | |
1245 endfunction | |
1246 endif | |
1247 endfunction | |
1248 | |
1249 This defines the MyCounter() function either for counting up or counting down | |
1250 when calling StartCounting(). It doesn't matter from where StartCounting() is | |
1251 called, the s:counter variable will be accessible in MyCounter(). | |
1252 | |
1253 When the same script is sourced again it will use the same script variables. | |
1254 They will remain valid as long as Vim is running. This can be used to | |
1255 maintain a counter: > | |
1256 | |
1257 if !exists("s:counter") | |
1258 let s:counter = 1 | |
1259 echo "script executed for the first time" | |
1260 else | |
1261 let s:counter = s:counter + 1 | |
1262 echo "script executed " . s:counter . " times now" | |
1263 endif | |
1264 | |
1265 Note that this means that filetype plugins don't get a different set of script | |
1266 variables for each buffer. Use local buffer variables instead |b:var|. | |
1267 | |
1268 | |
4358 | 1269 Predefined Vim variables: *vim-variable* *v:var* *v:* |
7 | 1270 |
189 | 1271 *v:beval_col* *beval_col-variable* |
1272 v:beval_col The number of the column, over which the mouse pointer is. | |
1273 This is the byte index in the |v:beval_lnum| line. | |
1274 Only valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option. | |
1275 | |
1276 *v:beval_bufnr* *beval_bufnr-variable* | |
1277 v:beval_bufnr The number of the buffer, over which the mouse pointer is. Only | |
1278 valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option. | |
1279 | |
1280 *v:beval_lnum* *beval_lnum-variable* | |
1281 v:beval_lnum The number of the line, over which the mouse pointer is. Only | |
1282 valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option. | |
1283 | |
1284 *v:beval_text* *beval_text-variable* | |
374 | 1285 v:beval_text The text under or after the mouse pointer. Usually a word as |
1286 it is useful for debugging a C program. 'iskeyword' applies, | |
1287 but a dot and "->" before the position is included. When on a | |
1288 ']' the text before it is used, including the matching '[' and | |
189 | 1289 word before it. When on a Visual area within one line the |
1290 highlighted text is used. | |
1291 Only valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option. | |
1292 | |
1293 *v:beval_winnr* *beval_winnr-variable* | |
1294 v:beval_winnr The number of the window, over which the mouse pointer is. Only | |
2709 | 1295 valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option. The first |
1296 window has number zero (unlike most other places where a | |
1297 window gets a number). | |
189 | 1298 |
844 | 1299 *v:char* *char-variable* |
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1300 v:char Argument for evaluating 'formatexpr' and used for the typed |
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|
1301 character when using <expr> in an abbreviation |:map-<expr>|. |
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1302 It is also used by the |InsertCharPre| and |InsertEnter| events. |
844 | 1303 |
7 | 1304 *v:charconvert_from* *charconvert_from-variable* |
1305 v:charconvert_from | |
1306 The name of the character encoding of a file to be converted. | |
1307 Only valid while evaluating the 'charconvert' option. | |
1308 | |
1309 *v:charconvert_to* *charconvert_to-variable* | |
1310 v:charconvert_to | |
1311 The name of the character encoding of a file after conversion. | |
1312 Only valid while evaluating the 'charconvert' option. | |
1313 | |
1314 *v:cmdarg* *cmdarg-variable* | |
1315 v:cmdarg This variable is used for two purposes: | |
1316 1. The extra arguments given to a file read/write command. | |
1317 Currently these are "++enc=" and "++ff=". This variable is | |
1318 set before an autocommand event for a file read/write | |
1319 command is triggered. There is a leading space to make it | |
1320 possible to append this variable directly after the | |
1621 | 1321 read/write command. Note: The "+cmd" argument isn't |
7 | 1322 included here, because it will be executed anyway. |
1323 2. When printing a PostScript file with ":hardcopy" this is | |
1324 the argument for the ":hardcopy" command. This can be used | |
1325 in 'printexpr'. | |
1326 | |
1327 *v:cmdbang* *cmdbang-variable* | |
1328 v:cmdbang Set like v:cmdarg for a file read/write command. When a "!" | |
1329 was used the value is 1, otherwise it is 0. Note that this | |
1330 can only be used in autocommands. For user commands |<bang>| | |
1331 can be used. | |
1332 | |
1333 *v:count* *count-variable* | |
1334 v:count The count given for the last Normal mode command. Can be used | |
1621 | 1335 to get the count before a mapping. Read-only. Example: > |
7 | 1336 :map _x :<C-U>echo "the count is " . v:count<CR> |
1337 < Note: The <C-U> is required to remove the line range that you | |
1338 get when typing ':' after a count. | |
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diff
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|
1339 When there are two counts, as in "3d2w", they are multiplied, |
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diff
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|
1340 just like what happens in the command, "d6w" for the example. |
667 | 1341 Also used for evaluating the 'formatexpr' option. |
7 | 1342 "count" also works, for backwards compatibility. |
1343 | |
1344 *v:count1* *count1-variable* | |
1345 v:count1 Just like "v:count", but defaults to one when no count is | |
1346 used. | |
1347 | |
1348 *v:ctype* *ctype-variable* | |
1349 v:ctype The current locale setting for characters of the runtime | |
1350 environment. This allows Vim scripts to be aware of the | |
1351 current locale encoding. Technical: it's the value of | |
1352 LC_CTYPE. When not using a locale the value is "C". | |
1353 This variable can not be set directly, use the |:language| | |
1354 command. | |
1355 See |multi-lang|. | |
1356 | |
1357 *v:dying* *dying-variable* | |
1621 | 1358 v:dying Normally zero. When a deadly signal is caught it's set to |
7 | 1359 one. When multiple signals are caught the number increases. |
1360 Can be used in an autocommand to check if Vim didn't | |
1361 terminate normally. {only works on Unix} | |
1362 Example: > | |
1363 :au VimLeave * if v:dying | echo "\nAAAAaaaarrrggghhhh!!!\n" | endif | |
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1364 < Note: if another deadly signal is caught when v:dying is one, |
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1365 VimLeave autocommands will not be executed. |
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|
1366 |
7 | 1367 *v:errmsg* *errmsg-variable* |
1368 v:errmsg Last given error message. It's allowed to set this variable. | |
1369 Example: > | |
1370 :let v:errmsg = "" | |
1371 :silent! next | |
1372 :if v:errmsg != "" | |
1373 : ... handle error | |
1374 < "errmsg" also works, for backwards compatibility. | |
1375 | |
1376 *v:exception* *exception-variable* | |
1377 v:exception The value of the exception most recently caught and not | |
1378 finished. See also |v:throwpoint| and |throw-variables|. | |
1379 Example: > | |
1380 :try | |
1381 : throw "oops" | |
1382 :catch /.*/ | |
1383 : echo "caught" v:exception | |
1384 :endtry | |
1385 < Output: "caught oops". | |
1386 | |
179 | 1387 *v:fcs_reason* *fcs_reason-variable* |
1388 v:fcs_reason The reason why the |FileChangedShell| event was triggered. | |
1389 Can be used in an autocommand to decide what to do and/or what | |
1390 to set v:fcs_choice to. Possible values: | |
1391 deleted file no longer exists | |
1392 conflict file contents, mode or timestamp was | |
1393 changed and buffer is modified | |
1394 changed file contents has changed | |
1395 mode mode of file changed | |
1396 time only file timestamp changed | |
1397 | |
1398 *v:fcs_choice* *fcs_choice-variable* | |
1399 v:fcs_choice What should happen after a |FileChangedShell| event was | |
1400 triggered. Can be used in an autocommand to tell Vim what to | |
1401 do with the affected buffer: | |
1402 reload Reload the buffer (does not work if | |
1403 the file was deleted). | |
1404 ask Ask the user what to do, as if there | |
1405 was no autocommand. Except that when | |
1406 only the timestamp changed nothing | |
1407 will happen. | |
1408 <empty> Nothing, the autocommand should do | |
1409 everything that needs to be done. | |
1410 The default is empty. If another (invalid) value is used then | |
1411 Vim behaves like it is empty, there is no warning message. | |
1412 | |
7 | 1413 *v:fname_in* *fname_in-variable* |
579 | 1414 v:fname_in The name of the input file. Valid while evaluating: |
7 | 1415 option used for ~ |
1416 'charconvert' file to be converted | |
1417 'diffexpr' original file | |
1418 'patchexpr' original file | |
1419 'printexpr' file to be printed | |
593 | 1420 And set to the swap file name for |SwapExists|. |
7 | 1421 |
1422 *v:fname_out* *fname_out-variable* | |
1423 v:fname_out The name of the output file. Only valid while | |
1424 evaluating: | |
1425 option used for ~ | |
1426 'charconvert' resulting converted file (*) | |
1427 'diffexpr' output of diff | |
1428 'patchexpr' resulting patched file | |
1429 (*) When doing conversion for a write command (e.g., ":w | |
1621 | 1430 file") it will be equal to v:fname_in. When doing conversion |
7 | 1431 for a read command (e.g., ":e file") it will be a temporary |
1432 file and different from v:fname_in. | |
1433 | |
1434 *v:fname_new* *fname_new-variable* | |
1435 v:fname_new The name of the new version of the file. Only valid while | |
1436 evaluating 'diffexpr'. | |
1437 | |
1438 *v:fname_diff* *fname_diff-variable* | |
1439 v:fname_diff The name of the diff (patch) file. Only valid while | |
1440 evaluating 'patchexpr'. | |
1441 | |
1442 *v:folddashes* *folddashes-variable* | |
1443 v:folddashes Used for 'foldtext': dashes representing foldlevel of a closed | |
1444 fold. | |
29 | 1445 Read-only in the |sandbox|. |fold-foldtext| |
7 | 1446 |
1447 *v:foldlevel* *foldlevel-variable* | |
1448 v:foldlevel Used for 'foldtext': foldlevel of closed fold. | |
29 | 1449 Read-only in the |sandbox|. |fold-foldtext| |
7 | 1450 |
1451 *v:foldend* *foldend-variable* | |
1452 v:foldend Used for 'foldtext': last line of closed fold. | |
29 | 1453 Read-only in the |sandbox|. |fold-foldtext| |
7 | 1454 |
1455 *v:foldstart* *foldstart-variable* | |
1456 v:foldstart Used for 'foldtext': first line of closed fold. | |
29 | 1457 Read-only in the |sandbox|. |fold-foldtext| |
7 | 1458 |
5460 | 1459 *v:hlsearch* *hlsearch-variable* |
1460 v:hlsearch Variable that determines whether search highlighting is on. | |
1461 Makes sense only if 'hlsearch' is enabled which requires | |
1462 |+extra_search|. Setting this variable to zero acts the like | |
1463 |:nohlsearch| command, setting it to one acts like > | |
1464 let &hlsearch = &hlsearch | |
1465 < | |
11 | 1466 *v:insertmode* *insertmode-variable* |
1467 v:insertmode Used for the |InsertEnter| and |InsertChange| autocommand | |
1468 events. Values: | |
1469 i Insert mode | |
1470 r Replace mode | |
1471 v Virtual Replace mode | |
1472 | |
102 | 1473 *v:key* *key-variable* |
685 | 1474 v:key Key of the current item of a |Dictionary|. Only valid while |
102 | 1475 evaluating the expression used with |map()| and |filter()|. |
1476 Read-only. | |
1477 | |
7 | 1478 *v:lang* *lang-variable* |
1479 v:lang The current locale setting for messages of the runtime | |
1480 environment. This allows Vim scripts to be aware of the | |
1481 current language. Technical: it's the value of LC_MESSAGES. | |
1482 The value is system dependent. | |
1483 This variable can not be set directly, use the |:language| | |
1484 command. | |
1485 It can be different from |v:ctype| when messages are desired | |
1486 in a different language than what is used for character | |
1487 encoding. See |multi-lang|. | |
1488 | |
1489 *v:lc_time* *lc_time-variable* | |
1490 v:lc_time The current locale setting for time messages of the runtime | |
1491 environment. This allows Vim scripts to be aware of the | |
1492 current language. Technical: it's the value of LC_TIME. | |
1493 This variable can not be set directly, use the |:language| | |
1494 command. See |multi-lang|. | |
1495 | |
1496 *v:lnum* *lnum-variable* | |
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1497 v:lnum Line number for the 'foldexpr' |fold-expr|, 'formatexpr' and |
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1498 'indentexpr' expressions, tab page number for 'guitablabel' |
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1499 and 'guitabtooltip'. Only valid while one of these |
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1500 expressions is being evaluated. Read-only when in the |
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1501 |sandbox|. |
7 | 1502 |
1029 | 1503 *v:mouse_win* *mouse_win-variable* |
1504 v:mouse_win Window number for a mouse click obtained with |getchar()|. | |
1505 First window has number 1, like with |winnr()|. The value is | |
1506 zero when there was no mouse button click. | |
1507 | |
1508 *v:mouse_lnum* *mouse_lnum-variable* | |
1509 v:mouse_lnum Line number for a mouse click obtained with |getchar()|. | |
1510 This is the text line number, not the screen line number. The | |
1511 value is zero when there was no mouse button click. | |
1512 | |
1513 *v:mouse_col* *mouse_col-variable* | |
1514 v:mouse_col Column number for a mouse click obtained with |getchar()|. | |
1515 This is the screen column number, like with |virtcol()|. The | |
1516 value is zero when there was no mouse button click. | |
1517 | |
1733 | 1518 *v:oldfiles* *oldfiles-variable* |
1519 v:oldfiles List of file names that is loaded from the |viminfo| file on | |
1520 startup. These are the files that Vim remembers marks for. | |
1521 The length of the List is limited by the ' argument of the | |
1522 'viminfo' option (default is 100). | |
5618 | 1523 When the |viminfo| file is not used the List is empty. |
1733 | 1524 Also see |:oldfiles| and |c_#<|. |
1525 The List can be modified, but this has no effect on what is | |
1526 stored in the |viminfo| file later. If you use values other | |
1527 than String this will cause trouble. | |
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1528 {only when compiled with the |+viminfo| feature} |
1733 | 1529 |
1490 | 1530 *v:operator* *operator-variable* |
1531 v:operator The last operator given in Normal mode. This is a single | |
1532 character except for commands starting with <g> or <z>, | |
1533 in which case it is two characters. Best used alongside | |
1534 |v:prevcount| and |v:register|. Useful if you want to cancel | |
1535 Operator-pending mode and then use the operator, e.g.: > | |
1536 :omap O <Esc>:call MyMotion(v:operator)<CR> | |
1537 < The value remains set until another operator is entered, thus | |
1538 don't expect it to be empty. | |
1539 v:operator is not set for |:delete|, |:yank| or other Ex | |
1540 commands. | |
1541 Read-only. | |
1542 | |
7 | 1543 *v:prevcount* *prevcount-variable* |
1544 v:prevcount The count given for the last but one Normal mode command. | |
1545 This is the v:count value of the previous command. Useful if | |
1490 | 1546 you want to cancel Visual or Operator-pending mode and then |
1547 use the count, e.g.: > | |
7 | 1548 :vmap % <Esc>:call MyFilter(v:prevcount)<CR> |
1549 < Read-only. | |
1550 | |
170 | 1551 *v:profiling* *profiling-variable* |
1621 | 1552 v:profiling Normally zero. Set to one after using ":profile start". |
170 | 1553 See |profiling|. |
1554 | |
7 | 1555 *v:progname* *progname-variable* |
1556 v:progname Contains the name (with path removed) with which Vim was | |
3492 | 1557 invoked. Allows you to do special initialisations for |view|, |
1558 |evim| etc., or any other name you might symlink to Vim. | |
7 | 1559 Read-only. |
1560 | |
5780 | 1561 *v:progpath* *progpath-variable* |
1562 v:progpath Contains the command with which Vim was invoked, including the | |
1563 path. Useful if you want to message a Vim server using a | |
1564 |--remote-expr|. | |
5782 | 1565 To get the full path use: > |
1566 echo exepath(v:progpath) | |
1567 < NOTE: This does not work when the command is a relative path | |
1568 and the current directory has changed. | |
5780 | 1569 Read-only. |
1570 | |
7 | 1571 *v:register* *register-variable* |
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1572 v:register The name of the register in effect for the current normal mode |
3492 | 1573 command (regardless of whether that command actually used a |
1574 register). Or for the currently executing normal mode mapping | |
1575 (use this in custom commands that take a register). | |
1576 If none is supplied it is the default register '"', unless | |
1577 'clipboard' contains "unnamed" or "unnamedplus", then it is | |
1578 '*' or '+'. | |
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1579 Also see |getreg()| and |setreg()| |
7 | 1580 |
540 | 1581 *v:scrollstart* *scrollstart-variable* |
1582 v:scrollstart String describing the script or function that caused the | |
1583 screen to scroll up. It's only set when it is empty, thus the | |
1584 first reason is remembered. It is set to "Unknown" for a | |
1585 typed command. | |
1586 This can be used to find out why your script causes the | |
1587 hit-enter prompt. | |
1588 | |
7 | 1589 *v:servername* *servername-variable* |
1590 v:servername The resulting registered |x11-clientserver| name if any. | |
1591 Read-only. | |
1592 | |
1621 | 1593 |
1594 v:searchforward *v:searchforward* *searchforward-variable* | |
1595 Search direction: 1 after a forward search, 0 after a | |
1596 backward search. It is reset to forward when directly setting | |
1597 the last search pattern, see |quote/|. | |
1598 Note that the value is restored when returning from a | |
1599 function. |function-search-undo|. | |
1600 Read-write. | |
1601 | |
7 | 1602 *v:shell_error* *shell_error-variable* |
1603 v:shell_error Result of the last shell command. When non-zero, the last | |
1604 shell command had an error. When zero, there was no problem. | |
1605 This only works when the shell returns the error code to Vim. | |
1606 The value -1 is often used when the command could not be | |
1607 executed. Read-only. | |
1608 Example: > | |
1609 :!mv foo bar | |
1610 :if v:shell_error | |
1611 : echo 'could not rename "foo" to "bar"!' | |
1612 :endif | |
1613 < "shell_error" also works, for backwards compatibility. | |
1614 | |
1615 *v:statusmsg* *statusmsg-variable* | |
1616 v:statusmsg Last given status message. It's allowed to set this variable. | |
1617 | |
579 | 1618 *v:swapname* *swapname-variable* |
1619 v:swapname Only valid when executing |SwapExists| autocommands: Name of | |
1620 the swap file found. Read-only. | |
1621 | |
1622 *v:swapchoice* *swapchoice-variable* | |
1623 v:swapchoice |SwapExists| autocommands can set this to the selected choice | |
1624 for handling an existing swap file: | |
1625 'o' Open read-only | |
1626 'e' Edit anyway | |
1627 'r' Recover | |
1628 'd' Delete swapfile | |
1629 'q' Quit | |
1630 'a' Abort | |
1621 | 1631 The value should be a single-character string. An empty value |
579 | 1632 results in the user being asked, as would happen when there is |
1633 no SwapExists autocommand. The default is empty. | |
1634 | |
590 | 1635 *v:swapcommand* *swapcommand-variable* |
625 | 1636 v:swapcommand Normal mode command to be executed after a file has been |
590 | 1637 opened. Can be used for a |SwapExists| autocommand to have |
1621 | 1638 another Vim open the file and jump to the right place. For |
590 | 1639 example, when jumping to a tag the value is ":tag tagname\r". |
716 | 1640 For ":edit +cmd file" the value is ":cmd\r". |
590 | 1641 |
7 | 1642 *v:termresponse* *termresponse-variable* |
1643 v:termresponse The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the |t_RV| | |
1621 | 1644 termcap entry. It is set when Vim receives an escape sequence |
7 | 1645 that starts with ESC [ or CSI and ends in a 'c', with only |
1646 digits, ';' and '.' in between. | |
1647 When this option is set, the TermResponse autocommand event is | |
1648 fired, so that you can react to the response from the | |
1649 terminal. | |
1650 The response from a new xterm is: "<Esc>[ Pp ; Pv ; Pc c". Pp | |
1651 is the terminal type: 0 for vt100 and 1 for vt220. Pv is the | |
1652 patch level (since this was introduced in patch 95, it's | |
1653 always 95 or bigger). Pc is always zero. | |
1654 {only when compiled with |+termresponse| feature} | |
1655 | |
1656 *v:this_session* *this_session-variable* | |
1657 v:this_session Full filename of the last loaded or saved session file. See | |
1658 |:mksession|. It is allowed to set this variable. When no | |
1659 session file has been saved, this variable is empty. | |
1660 "this_session" also works, for backwards compatibility. | |
1661 | |
1662 *v:throwpoint* *throwpoint-variable* | |
1663 v:throwpoint The point where the exception most recently caught and not | |
1621 | 1664 finished was thrown. Not set when commands are typed. See |
7 | 1665 also |v:exception| and |throw-variables|. |
1666 Example: > | |
1667 :try | |
1668 : throw "oops" | |
1669 :catch /.*/ | |
1670 : echo "Exception from" v:throwpoint | |
1671 :endtry | |
1672 < Output: "Exception from test.vim, line 2" | |
1673 | |
102 | 1674 *v:val* *val-variable* |
1621 | 1675 v:val Value of the current item of a |List| or |Dictionary|. Only |
685 | 1676 valid while evaluating the expression used with |map()| and |
102 | 1677 |filter()|. Read-only. |
1678 | |
7 | 1679 *v:version* *version-variable* |
1680 v:version Version number of Vim: Major version number times 100 plus | |
1681 minor version number. Version 5.0 is 500. Version 5.1 (5.01) | |
1682 is 501. Read-only. "version" also works, for backwards | |
1683 compatibility. | |
1684 Use |has()| to check if a certain patch was included, e.g.: > | |
5786 | 1685 if has("patch-7.4.123") |
7 | 1686 < Note that patch numbers are specific to the version, thus both |
1687 version 5.0 and 5.1 may have a patch 123, but these are | |
1688 completely different. | |
1689 | |
1690 *v:warningmsg* *warningmsg-variable* | |
1691 v:warningmsg Last given warning message. It's allowed to set this variable. | |
1692 | |
2609 | 1693 *v:windowid* *windowid-variable* |
1694 v:windowid When any X11 based GUI is running or when running in a | |
1695 terminal and Vim connects to the X server (|-X|) this will be | |
2616 | 1696 set to the window ID. |
1697 When an MS-Windows GUI is running this will be set to the | |
1698 window handle. | |
1699 Otherwise the value is zero. | |
1700 Note: for windows inside Vim use |winnr()|. | |
2609 | 1701 |
7 | 1702 ============================================================================== |
1703 4. Builtin Functions *functions* | |
1704 | |
1705 See |function-list| for a list grouped by what the function is used for. | |
1706 | |
236 | 1707 (Use CTRL-] on the function name to jump to the full explanation.) |
7 | 1708 |
1709 USAGE RESULT DESCRIPTION ~ | |
1710 | |
1621 | 1711 abs( {expr}) Float or Number absolute value of {expr} |
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1712 acos( {expr}) Float arc cosine of {expr} |
685 | 1713 add( {list}, {item}) List append {item} to |List| {list} |
3214 | 1714 and( {expr}, {expr}) Number bitwise AND |
55 | 1715 append( {lnum}, {string}) Number append {string} below line {lnum} |
161 | 1716 append( {lnum}, {list}) Number append lines {list} below line {lnum} |
7 | 1717 argc() Number number of files in the argument list |
55 | 1718 argidx() Number current index in the argument list |
5942 | 1719 arglistid( [{winnr}, [ {tabnr}]]) |
1720 Number argument list id | |
7 | 1721 argv( {nr}) String {nr} entry of the argument list |
818 | 1722 argv( ) List the argument list |
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1723 asin( {expr}) Float arc sine of {expr} |
1621 | 1724 atan( {expr}) Float arc tangent of {expr} |
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1725 atan2( {expr}, {expr}) Float arc tangent of {expr1} / {expr2} |
7 | 1726 browse( {save}, {title}, {initdir}, {default}) |
1727 String put up a file requester | |
1621 | 1728 browsedir( {title}, {initdir}) String put up a directory requester |
7 | 1729 bufexists( {expr}) Number TRUE if buffer {expr} exists |
55 | 1730 buflisted( {expr}) Number TRUE if buffer {expr} is listed |
1731 bufloaded( {expr}) Number TRUE if buffer {expr} is loaded | |
7 | 1732 bufname( {expr}) String Name of the buffer {expr} |
1733 bufnr( {expr}) Number Number of the buffer {expr} | |
1734 bufwinnr( {expr}) Number window number of buffer {expr} | |
1735 byte2line( {byte}) Number line number at byte count {byte} | |
55 | 1736 byteidx( {expr}, {nr}) Number byte index of {nr}'th char in {expr} |
5413 | 1737 byteidxcomp( {expr}, {nr}) Number byte index of {nr}'th char in {expr} |
102 | 1738 call( {func}, {arglist} [, {dict}]) |
1739 any call {func} with arguments {arglist} | |
1621 | 1740 ceil( {expr}) Float round {expr} up |
1741 changenr() Number current change number | |
4051 | 1742 char2nr( {expr}[, {utf8}]) Number ASCII/UTF8 value of first char in {expr} |
55 | 1743 cindent( {lnum}) Number C indent for line {lnum} |
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1744 clearmatches() none clear all matches |
7 | 1745 col( {expr}) Number column nr of cursor or mark |
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1746 complete( {startcol}, {matches}) none set Insert mode completion |
464 | 1747 complete_add( {expr}) Number add completion match |
1621 | 1748 complete_check() Number check for key typed during completion |
7 | 1749 confirm( {msg} [, {choices} [, {default} [, {type}]]]) |
1750 Number number of choice picked by user | |
55 | 1751 copy( {expr}) any make a shallow copy of {expr} |
1621 | 1752 cos( {expr}) Float cosine of {expr} |
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1753 cosh( {expr}) Float hyperbolic cosine of {expr} |
95 | 1754 count( {list}, {expr} [, {start} [, {ic}]]) |
1755 Number count how many {expr} are in {list} | |
7 | 1756 cscope_connection( [{num} , {dbpath} [, {prepend}]]) |
1757 Number checks existence of cscope connection | |
703 | 1758 cursor( {lnum}, {col} [, {coladd}]) |
1759 Number move cursor to {lnum}, {col}, {coladd} | |
1760 cursor( {list}) Number move cursor to position in {list} | |
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1761 deepcopy( {expr} [, {noref}]) any make a full copy of {expr} |
7 | 1762 delete( {fname}) Number delete file {fname} |
1763 did_filetype() Number TRUE if FileType autocommand event used | |
55 | 1764 diff_filler( {lnum}) Number diff filler lines about {lnum} |
1765 diff_hlID( {lnum}, {col}) Number diff highlighting at {lnum}/{col} | |
85 | 1766 empty( {expr}) Number TRUE if {expr} is empty |
7 | 1767 escape( {string}, {chars}) String escape {chars} in {string} with '\' |
205 | 1768 eval( {string}) any evaluate {string} into its value |
55 | 1769 eventhandler( ) Number TRUE if inside an event handler |
7 | 1770 executable( {expr}) Number 1 if executable {expr} exists |
5782 | 1771 exepath( {expr}) String full path of the command {expr} |
7 | 1772 exists( {expr}) Number TRUE if {expr} exists |
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1773 extend( {expr1}, {expr2} [, {expr3}]) |
824 | 1774 List/Dict insert items of {expr2} into {expr1} |
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1775 exp( {expr}) Float exponential of {expr} |
3398 | 1776 expand( {expr} [, {nosuf} [, {list}]]) |
1777 any expand special keywords in {expr} | |
1621 | 1778 feedkeys( {string} [, {mode}]) Number add key sequence to typeahead buffer |
7 | 1779 filereadable( {file}) Number TRUE if {file} is a readable file |
824 | 1780 filewritable( {file}) Number TRUE if {file} is a writable file |
102 | 1781 filter( {expr}, {string}) List/Dict remove items from {expr} where |
1782 {string} is 0 | |
95 | 1783 finddir( {name}[, {path}[, {count}]]) |
824 | 1784 String find directory {name} in {path} |
19 | 1785 findfile( {name}[, {path}[, {count}]]) |
824 | 1786 String find file {name} in {path} |
1621 | 1787 float2nr( {expr}) Number convert Float {expr} to a Number |
1788 floor( {expr}) Float round {expr} down | |
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1789 fmod( {expr1}, {expr2}) Float remainder of {expr1} / {expr2} |
1586 | 1790 fnameescape( {fname}) String escape special characters in {fname} |
7 | 1791 fnamemodify( {fname}, {mods}) String modify file name |
55 | 1792 foldclosed( {lnum}) Number first line of fold at {lnum} if closed |
1793 foldclosedend( {lnum}) Number last line of fold at {lnum} if closed | |
7 | 1794 foldlevel( {lnum}) Number fold level at {lnum} |
55 | 1795 foldtext( ) String line displayed for closed fold |
824 | 1796 foldtextresult( {lnum}) String text for closed fold at {lnum} |
7 | 1797 foreground( ) Number bring the Vim window to the foreground |
55 | 1798 function( {name}) Funcref reference to function {name} |
3224 | 1799 garbagecollect( [{atexit}]) none free memory, breaking cyclic references |
82 | 1800 get( {list}, {idx} [, {def}]) any get item {idx} from {list} or {def} |
102 | 1801 get( {dict}, {key} [, {def}]) any get item {key} from {dict} or {def} |
435 | 1802 getbufline( {expr}, {lnum} [, {end}]) |
1803 List lines {lnum} to {end} of buffer {expr} | |
4157 | 1804 getbufvar( {expr}, {varname} [, {def}]) |
1805 any variable {varname} in buffer {expr} | |
55 | 1806 getchar( [expr]) Number get one character from the user |
1807 getcharmod( ) Number modifiers for the last typed character | |
7 | 1808 getcmdline() String return the current command-line |
1809 getcmdpos() Number return cursor position in command-line | |
531 | 1810 getcmdtype() String return the current command-line type |
7 | 1811 getcwd() String the current working directory |
20 | 1812 getfperm( {fname}) String file permissions of file {fname} |
1813 getfsize( {fname}) Number size in bytes of file {fname} | |
37 | 1814 getfontname( [{name}]) String name of font being used |
7 | 1815 getftime( {fname}) Number last modification time of file |
20 | 1816 getftype( {fname}) String description of type of file {fname} |
161 | 1817 getline( {lnum}) String line {lnum} of current buffer |
1818 getline( {lnum}, {end}) List lines {lnum} to {end} of current buffer | |
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1819 getloclist( {nr}) List list of location list items |
1326 | 1820 getmatches() List list of current matches |
1548 | 1821 getpid() Number process ID of Vim |
703 | 1822 getpos( {expr}) List position of cursor, mark, etc. |
230 | 1823 getqflist() List list of quickfix items |
5796 | 1824 getreg( [{regname} [, 1 [, {list}]]]) |
1825 String or List contents of register | |
55 | 1826 getregtype( [{regname}]) String type of register |
4157 | 1827 gettabvar( {nr}, {varname} [, {def}]) |
1828 any variable {varname} in tab {nr} or {def} | |
1829 gettabwinvar( {tabnr}, {winnr}, {name} [, {def}]) | |
831 | 1830 any {name} in {winnr} in tab page {tabnr} |
7 | 1831 getwinposx() Number X coord in pixels of GUI Vim window |
1832 getwinposy() Number Y coord in pixels of GUI Vim window | |
4157 | 1833 getwinvar( {nr}, {varname} [, {def}]) |
1834 any variable {varname} in window {nr} | |
3398 | 1835 glob( {expr} [, {nosuf} [, {list}]]) |
1836 any expand file wildcards in {expr} | |
5873 | 1837 globpath( {path}, {expr} [, {nosuf} [, {list}]]) |
1754 | 1838 String do glob({expr}) for all dirs in {path} |
7 | 1839 has( {feature}) Number TRUE if feature {feature} supported |
102 | 1840 has_key( {dict}, {key}) Number TRUE if {dict} has entry {key} |
1104 | 1841 haslocaldir() Number TRUE if current window executed |:lcd| |
782 | 1842 hasmapto( {what} [, {mode} [, {abbr}]]) |
1843 Number TRUE if mapping to {what} exists | |
7 | 1844 histadd( {history},{item}) String add an item to a history |
1845 histdel( {history} [, {item}]) String remove an item from a history | |
1846 histget( {history} [, {index}]) String get the item {index} from a history | |
1847 histnr( {history}) Number highest index of a history | |
1848 hlexists( {name}) Number TRUE if highlight group {name} exists | |
1849 hlID( {name}) Number syntax ID of highlight group {name} | |
1850 hostname() String name of the machine Vim is running on | |
55 | 1851 iconv( {expr}, {from}, {to}) String convert encoding of {expr} |
1852 indent( {lnum}) Number indent of line {lnum} | |
95 | 1853 index( {list}, {expr} [, {start} [, {ic}]]) |
1854 Number index in {list} where {expr} appears | |
531 | 1855 input( {prompt} [, {text} [, {completion}]]) |
1856 String get input from the user | |
7 | 1857 inputdialog( {p} [, {t} [, {c}]]) String like input() but in a GUI dialog |
824 | 1858 inputlist( {textlist}) Number let the user pick from a choice list |
55 | 1859 inputrestore() Number restore typeahead |
1860 inputsave() Number save and clear typeahead | |
7 | 1861 inputsecret( {prompt} [, {text}]) String like input() but hiding the text |
55 | 1862 insert( {list}, {item} [, {idx}]) List insert {item} in {list} [before {idx}] |
3214 | 1863 invert( {expr}) Number bitwise invert |
7 | 1864 isdirectory( {directory}) Number TRUE if {directory} is a directory |
148 | 1865 islocked( {expr}) Number TRUE if {expr} is locked |
685 | 1866 items( {dict}) List key-value pairs in {dict} |
95 | 1867 join( {list} [, {sep}]) String join {list} items into one String |
685 | 1868 keys( {dict}) List keys in {dict} |
55 | 1869 len( {expr}) Number the length of {expr} |
1870 libcall( {lib}, {func}, {arg}) String call {func} in library {lib} with {arg} | |
7 | 1871 libcallnr( {lib}, {func}, {arg}) Number idem, but return a Number |
1872 line( {expr}) Number line nr of cursor, last line or mark | |
1873 line2byte( {lnum}) Number byte count of line {lnum} | |
55 | 1874 lispindent( {lnum}) Number Lisp indent for line {lnum} |
7 | 1875 localtime() Number current time |
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1876 log( {expr}) Float natural logarithm (base e) of {expr} |
1621 | 1877 log10( {expr}) Float logarithm of Float {expr} to base 10 |
3492 | 1878 luaeval( {expr}[, {expr}]) any evaluate |Lua| expression |
102 | 1879 map( {expr}, {string}) List/Dict change each item in {expr} to {expr} |
2610 | 1880 maparg( {name}[, {mode} [, {abbr} [, {dict}]]]) |
3224 | 1881 String or Dict |
1882 rhs of mapping {name} in mode {mode} | |
782 | 1883 mapcheck( {name}[, {mode} [, {abbr}]]) |
1884 String check for mappings matching {name} | |
19 | 1885 match( {expr}, {pat}[, {start}[, {count}]]) |
7 | 1886 Number position where {pat} matches in {expr} |
1326 | 1887 matchadd( {group}, {pattern}[, {priority}[, {id}]]) |
1888 Number highlight {pattern} with {group} | |
819 | 1889 matcharg( {nr}) List arguments of |:match| |
1326 | 1890 matchdelete( {id}) Number delete match identified by {id} |
19 | 1891 matchend( {expr}, {pat}[, {start}[, {count}]]) |
7 | 1892 Number position where {pat} ends in {expr} |
158 | 1893 matchlist( {expr}, {pat}[, {start}[, {count}]]) |
1894 List match and submatches of {pat} in {expr} | |
19 | 1895 matchstr( {expr}, {pat}[, {start}[, {count}]]) |
1896 String {count}'th match of {pat} in {expr} | |
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1897 max( {list}) Number maximum value of items in {list} |
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1898 min( {list}) Number minimum value of items in {list} |
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1899 mkdir( {name} [, {path} [, {prot}]]) |
168 | 1900 Number create directory {name} |
1621 | 1901 mode( [expr]) String current editing mode |
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1902 mzeval( {expr}) any evaluate |MzScheme| expression |
7 | 1903 nextnonblank( {lnum}) Number line nr of non-blank line >= {lnum} |
4051 | 1904 nr2char( {expr}[, {utf8}]) String single char with ASCII/UTF8 value {expr} |
3214 | 1905 or( {expr}, {expr}) Number bitwise OR |
819 | 1906 pathshorten( {expr}) String shorten directory names in a path |
1621 | 1907 pow( {x}, {y}) Float {x} to the power of {y} |
7 | 1908 prevnonblank( {lnum}) Number line nr of non-blank line <= {lnum} |
1621 | 1909 printf( {fmt}, {expr1}...) String format text |
1910 pumvisible() Number whether popup menu is visible | |
3682 | 1911 pyeval( {expr}) any evaluate |Python| expression |
1912 py3eval( {expr}) any evaluate |python3| expression | |
99 | 1913 range( {expr} [, {max} [, {stride}]]) |
1914 List items from {expr} to {max} | |
2033
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1915 readfile( {fname} [, {binary} [, {max}]]) |
168 | 1916 List get list of lines from file {fname} |
794 | 1917 reltime( [{start} [, {end}]]) List get time value |
1918 reltimestr( {time}) String turn time value into a String | |
7 | 1919 remote_expr( {server}, {string} [, {idvar}]) |
1920 String send expression | |
1921 remote_foreground( {server}) Number bring Vim server to the foreground | |
1922 remote_peek( {serverid} [, {retvar}]) | |
1923 Number check for reply string | |
1924 remote_read( {serverid}) String read reply string | |
1925 remote_send( {server}, {string} [, {idvar}]) | |
1926 String send key sequence | |
79 | 1927 remove( {list}, {idx} [, {end}]) any remove items {idx}-{end} from {list} |
856 | 1928 remove( {dict}, {key}) any remove entry {key} from {dict} |
55 | 1929 rename( {from}, {to}) Number rename (move) file from {from} to {to} |
1930 repeat( {expr}, {count}) String repeat {expr} {count} times | |
1931 resolve( {filename}) String get filename a shortcut points to | |
82 | 1932 reverse( {list}) List reverse {list} in-place |
1621 | 1933 round( {expr}) Float round off {expr} |
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1934 screenattr( {row}, {col}) Number attribute at screen position |
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1935 screenchar( {row}, {col}) Number character at screen position |
3986 | 1936 screencol() Number current cursor column |
1937 screenrow() Number current cursor row | |
1496 | 1938 search( {pattern} [, {flags} [, {stopline} [, {timeout}]]]) |
1939 Number search for {pattern} | |
2033
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1940 searchdecl( {name} [, {global} [, {thisblock}]]) |
1621 | 1941 Number search for variable declaration |
1496 | 1942 searchpair( {start}, {middle}, {end} [, {flags} [, {skip} [...]]]) |
55 | 1943 Number search for other end of start/end pair |
1496 | 1944 searchpairpos( {start}, {middle}, {end} [, {flags} [, {skip} [...]]]) |
667 | 1945 List search for other end of start/end pair |
1496 | 1946 searchpos( {pattern} [, {flags} [, {stopline} [, {timeout}]]]) |
667 | 1947 List search for {pattern} |
7 | 1948 server2client( {clientid}, {string}) |
1949 Number send reply string | |
1950 serverlist() String get a list of available servers | |
1951 setbufvar( {expr}, {varname}, {val}) set {varname} in buffer {expr} to {val} | |
1952 setcmdpos( {pos}) Number set cursor position in command-line | |
1953 setline( {lnum}, {line}) Number set line {lnum} to {line} | |
647 | 1954 setloclist( {nr}, {list}[, {action}]) |
1955 Number modify location list using {list} | |
1326 | 1956 setmatches( {list}) Number restore a list of matches |
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1957 setpos( {expr}, {list}) Number set the {expr} position to {list} |
647 | 1958 setqflist( {list}[, {action}]) Number modify quickfix list using {list} |
55 | 1959 setreg( {n}, {v}[, {opt}]) Number set register to value and type |
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1960 settabvar( {nr}, {varname}, {val}) set {varname} in tab page {nr} to {val} |
831 | 1961 settabwinvar( {tabnr}, {winnr}, {varname}, {val}) set {varname} in window |
1962 {winnr} in tab page {tabnr} to {val} | |
7 | 1963 setwinvar( {nr}, {varname}, {val}) set {varname} in window {nr} to {val} |
4126 | 1964 sha256( {string}) String SHA256 checksum of {string} |
1661 | 1965 shellescape( {string} [, {special}]) |
1966 String escape {string} for use as shell | |
985 | 1967 command argument |
3875 | 1968 shiftwidth() Number effective value of 'shiftwidth' |
55 | 1969 simplify( {filename}) String simplify filename as much as possible |
1621 | 1970 sin( {expr}) Float sine of {expr} |
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1971 sinh( {expr}) Float hyperbolic sine of {expr} |
2902 | 1972 sort( {list} [, {func} [, {dict}]]) |
1973 List sort {list}, using {func} to compare | |
374 | 1974 soundfold( {word}) String sound-fold {word} |
344 | 1975 spellbadword() String badly spelled word at cursor |
537 | 1976 spellsuggest( {word} [, {max} [, {capital}]]) |
1977 List spelling suggestions | |
282 | 1978 split( {expr} [, {pat} [, {keepempty}]]) |
685 | 1979 List make |List| from {pat} separated {expr} |
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1980 sqrt( {expr}) Float square root of {expr} |
1621 | 1981 str2float( {expr}) Float convert String to Float |
1982 str2nr( {expr} [, {base}]) Number convert String to Number | |
2338
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1983 strchars( {expr}) Number character length of the String {expr} |
2339
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1984 strdisplaywidth( {expr} [, {col}]) Number display length of the String {expr} |
7 | 1985 strftime( {format}[, {time}]) String time in specified format |
133 | 1986 stridx( {haystack}, {needle}[, {start}]) |
1987 Number index of {needle} in {haystack} | |
95 | 1988 string( {expr}) String String representation of {expr} value |
7 | 1989 strlen( {expr}) Number length of the String {expr} |
1990 strpart( {src}, {start}[, {len}]) | |
1991 String {len} characters of {src} at {start} | |
140 | 1992 strridx( {haystack}, {needle} [, {start}]) |
1993 Number last index of {needle} in {haystack} | |
7 | 1994 strtrans( {expr}) String translate string to make it printable |
2338
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1995 strwidth( {expr}) Number display cell length of the String {expr} |
5794 | 1996 submatch( {nr}[, {list}]) String or List |
1997 specific match in ":s" or substitute() | |
7 | 1998 substitute( {expr}, {pat}, {sub}, {flags}) |
1999 String all {pat} in {expr} replaced with {sub} | |
32 | 2000 synID( {lnum}, {col}, {trans}) Number syntax ID at {lnum} and {col} |
7 | 2001 synIDattr( {synID}, {what} [, {mode}]) |
2002 String attribute {what} of syntax ID {synID} | |
2003 synIDtrans( {synID}) Number translated syntax ID of {synID} | |
2608
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2004 synconcealed( {lnum}, {col}) List info about concealing |
2033
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2005 synstack( {lnum}, {col}) List stack of syntax IDs at {lnum} and {col} |
24 | 2006 system( {expr} [, {input}]) String output of shell command/filter {expr} |
5808 | 2007 systemlist( {expr} [, {input}]) List output of shell command/filter {expr} |
677 | 2008 tabpagebuflist( [{arg}]) List list of buffer numbers in tab page |
2009 tabpagenr( [{arg}]) Number number of current or last tab page | |
2010 tabpagewinnr( {tabarg}[, {arg}]) | |
2011 Number number of current window in tab page | |
2012 taglist( {expr}) List list of tags matching {expr} | |
1621 | 2013 tagfiles() List tags files used |
7 | 2014 tempname() String name for a temporary file |
2206
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2015 tan( {expr}) Float tangent of {expr} |
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2016 tanh( {expr}) Float hyperbolic tangent of {expr} |
7 | 2017 tolower( {expr}) String the String {expr} switched to lowercase |
2018 toupper( {expr}) String the String {expr} switched to uppercase | |
15 | 2019 tr( {src}, {fromstr}, {tostr}) String translate chars of {src} in {fromstr} |
2020 to chars in {tostr} | |
2698
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2021 trunc( {expr}) Float truncate Float {expr} |
7 | 2022 type( {name}) Number type of variable {name} |
2236
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2023 undofile( {name}) String undo file name for {name} |
2280
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2024 undotree() List undo file tree |
5747 | 2025 uniq( {list} [, {func} [, {dict}]]) |
2026 List remove adjacent duplicates from a list | |
685 | 2027 values( {dict}) List values in {dict} |
7 | 2028 virtcol( {expr}) Number screen column of cursor or mark |
2029 visualmode( [expr]) String last visual mode used | |
4151 | 2030 wildmenumode() Number whether 'wildmenu' mode is active |
7 | 2031 winbufnr( {nr}) Number buffer number of window {nr} |
2032 wincol() Number window column of the cursor | |
2033 winheight( {nr}) Number height of window {nr} | |
2034 winline() Number window line of the cursor | |
674 | 2035 winnr( [{expr}]) Number number of current window |
55 | 2036 winrestcmd() String returns command to restore window sizes |
2033
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2037 winrestview( {dict}) none restore view of current window |
712 | 2038 winsaveview() Dict save view of current window |
7 | 2039 winwidth( {nr}) Number width of window {nr} |
2033
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2040 writefile( {list}, {fname} [, {binary}]) |
158 | 2041 Number write list of lines to file {fname} |
3214 | 2042 xor( {expr}, {expr}) Number bitwise XOR |
7 | 2043 |
1621 | 2044 abs({expr}) *abs()* |
2045 Return the absolute value of {expr}. When {expr} evaluates to | |
2046 a |Float| abs() returns a |Float|. When {expr} can be | |
2047 converted to a |Number| abs() returns a |Number|. Otherwise | |
2048 abs() gives an error message and returns -1. | |
2049 Examples: > | |
2050 echo abs(1.456) | |
2051 < 1.456 > | |
2052 echo abs(-5.456) | |
2053 < 5.456 > | |
2054 echo abs(-4) | |
2055 < 4 | |
2056 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} | |
2057 | |
2206
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2058 |
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2059 acos({expr}) *acos()* |
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2060 Return the arc cosine of {expr} measured in radians, as a |
2337
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2061 |Float| in the range of [0, pi]. |
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2062 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number| in the range |
2206
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2063 [-1, 1]. |
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2064 Examples: > |
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2065 :echo acos(0) |
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2066 < 1.570796 > |
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2067 :echo acos(-0.5) |
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2068 < 2.094395 |
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2069 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} |
2206
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2070 |
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2071 |
82 | 2072 add({list}, {expr}) *add()* |
685 | 2073 Append the item {expr} to |List| {list}. Returns the |
2074 resulting |List|. Examples: > | |
82 | 2075 :let alist = add([1, 2, 3], item) |
2076 :call add(mylist, "woodstock") | |
685 | 2077 < Note that when {expr} is a |List| it is appended as a single |
692 | 2078 item. Use |extend()| to concatenate |Lists|. |
85 | 2079 Use |insert()| to add an item at another position. |
55 | 2080 |
82 | 2081 |
3214 | 2082 and({expr}, {expr}) *and()* |
2083 Bitwise AND on the two arguments. The arguments are converted | |
2084 to a number. A List, Dict or Float argument causes an error. | |
2085 Example: > | |
2086 :let flag = and(bits, 0x80) | |
2087 | |
2088 | |
82 | 2089 append({lnum}, {expr}) *append()* |
685 | 2090 When {expr} is a |List|: Append each item of the |List| as a |
2091 text line below line {lnum} in the current buffer. | |
153 | 2092 Otherwise append {expr} as one text line below line {lnum} in |
2093 the current buffer. | |
2094 {lnum} can be zero to insert a line before the first one. | |
82 | 2095 Returns 1 for failure ({lnum} out of range or out of memory), |
1621 | 2096 0 for success. Example: > |
55 | 2097 :let failed = append(line('$'), "# THE END") |
82 | 2098 :let failed = append(0, ["Chapter 1", "the beginning"]) |
55 | 2099 < |
7 | 2100 *argc()* |
2101 argc() The result is the number of files in the argument list of the | |
2102 current window. See |arglist|. | |
2103 | |
2104 *argidx()* | |
2105 argidx() The result is the current index in the argument list. 0 is | |
2106 the first file. argc() - 1 is the last one. See |arglist|. | |
2107 | |
5942 | 2108 *arglistid()* |
2109 arglistid([{winnr}, [ {tabnr} ]]) | |
2110 Return the argument list ID. This is a number which | |
2111 identifies the argument list being used. Zero is used for the | |
2112 global argument list. | |
2113 Return zero if the arguments are invalid. | |
2114 | |
2115 Without arguments use the current window. | |
2116 With {winnr} only use this window in the current tab page. | |
2117 With {winnr} and {tabnr} use the window in the specified tab | |
2118 page. | |
2119 | |
7 | 2120 *argv()* |
818 | 2121 argv([{nr}]) The result is the {nr}th file in the argument list of the |
7 | 2122 current window. See |arglist|. "argv(0)" is the first one. |
2123 Example: > | |
2124 :let i = 0 | |
2125 :while i < argc() | |
1621 | 2126 : let f = escape(fnameescape(argv(i)), '.') |
7 | 2127 : exe 'amenu Arg.' . f . ' :e ' . f . '<CR>' |
2128 : let i = i + 1 | |
2129 :endwhile | |
818 | 2130 < Without the {nr} argument a |List| with the whole |arglist| is |
2131 returned. | |
2132 | |
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2133 asin({expr}) *asin()* |
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2134 Return the arc sine of {expr} measured in radians, as a |Float| |
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2135 in the range of [-pi/2, pi/2]. |
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2136 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number| in the range |
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2137 [-1, 1]. |
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2138 Examples: > |
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2139 :echo asin(0.8) |
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2140 < 0.927295 > |
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2141 :echo asin(-0.5) |
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2142 < -0.523599 |
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2143 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} |
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2144 |
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2145 |
1621 | 2146 atan({expr}) *atan()* |
2147 Return the principal value of the arc tangent of {expr}, in | |
2148 the range [-pi/2, +pi/2] radians, as a |Float|. | |
2149 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|. | |
2150 Examples: > | |
2151 :echo atan(100) | |
2152 < 1.560797 > | |
2153 :echo atan(-4.01) | |
2154 < -1.326405 | |
2155 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} | |
2156 | |
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2157 |
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2158 atan2({expr1}, {expr2}) *atan2()* |
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2159 Return the arc tangent of {expr1} / {expr2}, measured in |
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2160 radians, as a |Float| in the range [-pi, pi]. |
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2161 {expr1} and {expr2} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|. |
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2162 Examples: > |
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2163 :echo atan2(-1, 1) |
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2164 < -0.785398 > |
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2165 :echo atan2(1, -1) |
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2166 < 2.356194 |
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2167 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} |
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2168 |
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2169 |
7 | 2170 *browse()* |
2171 browse({save}, {title}, {initdir}, {default}) | |
2172 Put up a file requester. This only works when "has("browse")" | |
2173 returns non-zero (only in some GUI versions). | |
2174 The input fields are: | |
2175 {save} when non-zero, select file to write | |
2176 {title} title for the requester | |
2177 {initdir} directory to start browsing in | |
2178 {default} default file name | |
2179 When the "Cancel" button is hit, something went wrong, or | |
2180 browsing is not possible, an empty string is returned. | |
2181 | |
29 | 2182 *browsedir()* |
2183 browsedir({title}, {initdir}) | |
2184 Put up a directory requester. This only works when | |
2185 "has("browse")" returns non-zero (only in some GUI versions). | |
2186 On systems where a directory browser is not supported a file | |
2187 browser is used. In that case: select a file in the directory | |
2188 to be used. | |
2189 The input fields are: | |
2190 {title} title for the requester | |
2191 {initdir} directory to start browsing in | |
2192 When the "Cancel" button is hit, something went wrong, or | |
2193 browsing is not possible, an empty string is returned. | |
2194 | |
7 | 2195 bufexists({expr}) *bufexists()* |
2196 The result is a Number, which is non-zero if a buffer called | |
2197 {expr} exists. | |
9 | 2198 If the {expr} argument is a number, buffer numbers are used. |
7 | 2199 If the {expr} argument is a string it must match a buffer name |
9 | 2200 exactly. The name can be: |
2201 - Relative to the current directory. | |
2202 - A full path. | |
1621 | 2203 - The name of a buffer with 'buftype' set to "nofile". |
9 | 2204 - A URL name. |
7 | 2205 Unlisted buffers will be found. |
2206 Note that help files are listed by their short name in the | |
2207 output of |:buffers|, but bufexists() requires using their | |
2208 long name to be able to find them. | |
1621 | 2209 bufexists() may report a buffer exists, but to use the name |
2210 with a |:buffer| command you may need to use |expand()|. Esp | |
2211 for MS-Windows 8.3 names in the form "c:\DOCUME~1" | |
7 | 2212 Use "bufexists(0)" to test for the existence of an alternate |
2213 file name. | |
2214 *buffer_exists()* | |
2215 Obsolete name: buffer_exists(). | |
2216 | |
2217 buflisted({expr}) *buflisted()* | |
2218 The result is a Number, which is non-zero if a buffer called | |
2219 {expr} exists and is listed (has the 'buflisted' option set). | |
9 | 2220 The {expr} argument is used like with |bufexists()|. |
7 | 2221 |
2222 bufloaded({expr}) *bufloaded()* | |
2223 The result is a Number, which is non-zero if a buffer called | |
2224 {expr} exists and is loaded (shown in a window or hidden). | |
9 | 2225 The {expr} argument is used like with |bufexists()|. |
7 | 2226 |
2227 bufname({expr}) *bufname()* | |
2228 The result is the name of a buffer, as it is displayed by the | |
2229 ":ls" command. | |
2230 If {expr} is a Number, that buffer number's name is given. | |
2231 Number zero is the alternate buffer for the current window. | |
2232 If {expr} is a String, it is used as a |file-pattern| to match | |
1621 | 2233 with the buffer names. This is always done like 'magic' is |
7 | 2234 set and 'cpoptions' is empty. When there is more than one |
2235 match an empty string is returned. | |
2236 "" or "%" can be used for the current buffer, "#" for the | |
2237 alternate buffer. | |
2238 A full match is preferred, otherwise a match at the start, end | |
1156 | 2239 or middle of the buffer name is accepted. If you only want a |
2240 full match then put "^" at the start and "$" at the end of the | |
2241 pattern. | |
7 | 2242 Listed buffers are found first. If there is a single match |
2243 with a listed buffer, that one is returned. Next unlisted | |
2244 buffers are searched for. | |
2245 If the {expr} is a String, but you want to use it as a buffer | |
2246 number, force it to be a Number by adding zero to it: > | |
2247 :echo bufname("3" + 0) | |
2248 < If the buffer doesn't exist, or doesn't have a name, an empty | |
2249 string is returned. > | |
2250 bufname("#") alternate buffer name | |
2251 bufname(3) name of buffer 3 | |
2252 bufname("%") name of current buffer | |
2253 bufname("file2") name of buffer where "file2" matches. | |
2254 < *buffer_name()* | |
2255 Obsolete name: buffer_name(). | |
2256 | |
2257 *bufnr()* | |
707 | 2258 bufnr({expr} [, {create}]) |
2259 The result is the number of a buffer, as it is displayed by | |
7 | 2260 the ":ls" command. For the use of {expr}, see |bufname()| |
707 | 2261 above. |
2262 If the buffer doesn't exist, -1 is returned. Or, if the | |
2263 {create} argument is present and not zero, a new, unlisted, | |
2264 buffer is created and its number is returned. | |
7 | 2265 bufnr("$") is the last buffer: > |
2266 :let last_buffer = bufnr("$") | |
2267 < The result is a Number, which is the highest buffer number | |
2268 of existing buffers. Note that not all buffers with a smaller | |
2269 number necessarily exist, because ":bwipeout" may have removed | |
2270 them. Use bufexists() to test for the existence of a buffer. | |
2271 *buffer_number()* | |
2272 Obsolete name: buffer_number(). | |
2273 *last_buffer_nr()* | |
2274 Obsolete name for bufnr("$"): last_buffer_nr(). | |
2275 | |
2276 bufwinnr({expr}) *bufwinnr()* | |
2277 The result is a Number, which is the number of the first | |
2278 window associated with buffer {expr}. For the use of {expr}, | |
1621 | 2279 see |bufname()| above. If buffer {expr} doesn't exist or |
7 | 2280 there is no such window, -1 is returned. Example: > |
2281 | |
2282 echo "A window containing buffer 1 is " . (bufwinnr(1)) | |
2283 | |
2284 < The number can be used with |CTRL-W_w| and ":wincmd w" | |
2285 |:wincmd|. | |
1156 | 2286 Only deals with the current tab page. |
7 | 2287 |
2288 | |
2289 byte2line({byte}) *byte2line()* | |
2290 Return the line number that contains the character at byte | |
2291 count {byte} in the current buffer. This includes the | |
2292 end-of-line character, depending on the 'fileformat' option | |
2293 for the current buffer. The first character has byte count | |
2294 one. | |
2295 Also see |line2byte()|, |go| and |:goto|. | |
2296 {not available when compiled without the |+byte_offset| | |
2297 feature} | |
2298 | |
18 | 2299 byteidx({expr}, {nr}) *byteidx()* |
2300 Return byte index of the {nr}'th character in the string | |
2301 {expr}. Use zero for the first character, it returns zero. | |
2302 This function is only useful when there are multibyte | |
2303 characters, otherwise the returned value is equal to {nr}. | |
5413 | 2304 Composing characters are not counted separately, their byte |
2305 length is added to the preceding base character. See | |
2306 |byteidxcomp()| below for counting composing characters | |
2307 separately. | |
18 | 2308 Example : > |
2309 echo matchstr(str, ".", byteidx(str, 3)) | |
2310 < will display the fourth character. Another way to do the | |
2311 same: > | |
2312 let s = strpart(str, byteidx(str, 3)) | |
2313 echo strpart(s, 0, byteidx(s, 1)) | |
2314 < If there are less than {nr} characters -1 is returned. | |
2315 If there are exactly {nr} characters the length of the string | |
5413 | 2316 in bytes is returned. |
2317 | |
2318 byteidxcomp({expr}, {nr}) *byteidxcomp()* | |
2319 Like byteidx(), except that a composing character is counted | |
2320 as a separate character. Example: > | |
2321 let s = 'e' . nr2char(0x301) | |
2322 echo byteidx(s, 1) | |
2323 echo byteidxcomp(s, 1) | |
2324 echo byteidxcomp(s, 2) | |
2325 < The first and third echo result in 3 ('e' plus composing | |
2326 character is 3 bytes), the second echo results in 1 ('e' is | |
2327 one byte). | |
2328 Only works different from byteidx() when 'encoding' is set to | |
2329 a Unicode encoding. | |
18 | 2330 |
102 | 2331 call({func}, {arglist} [, {dict}]) *call()* *E699* |
685 | 2332 Call function {func} with the items in |List| {arglist} as |
79 | 2333 arguments. |
685 | 2334 {func} can either be a |Funcref| or the name of a function. |
79 | 2335 a:firstline and a:lastline are set to the cursor line. |
2336 Returns the return value of the called function. | |
102 | 2337 {dict} is for functions with the "dict" attribute. It will be |
2338 used to set the local variable "self". |Dictionary-function| | |
79 | 2339 |
1621 | 2340 ceil({expr}) *ceil()* |
2341 Return the smallest integral value greater than or equal to | |
2342 {expr} as a |Float| (round up). | |
2343 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|. | |
2344 Examples: > | |
2345 echo ceil(1.456) | |
2346 < 2.0 > | |
2347 echo ceil(-5.456) | |
2348 < -5.0 > | |
2349 echo ceil(4.0) | |
2350 < 4.0 | |
2351 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} | |
2352 | |
777 | 2353 changenr() *changenr()* |
2354 Return the number of the most recent change. This is the same | |
2355 number as what is displayed with |:undolist| and can be used | |
2356 with the |:undo| command. | |
2357 When a change was made it is the number of that change. After | |
2358 redo it is the number of the redone change. After undo it is | |
2359 one less than the number of the undone change. | |
2360 | |
4051 | 2361 char2nr({expr}[, {utf8}]) *char2nr()* |
7 | 2362 Return number value of the first char in {expr}. Examples: > |
2363 char2nr(" ") returns 32 | |
2364 char2nr("ABC") returns 65 | |
4051 | 2365 < When {utf8} is omitted or zero, the current 'encoding' is used. |
2366 Example for "utf-8": > | |
1156 | 2367 char2nr("á") returns 225 |
2368 char2nr("á"[0]) returns 195 | |
4051 | 2369 < With {utf8} set to 1, always treat as utf-8 characters. |
2370 A combining character is a separate character. | |
2965 | 2371 |nr2char()| does the opposite. |
7 | 2372 |
2373 cindent({lnum}) *cindent()* | |
2374 Get the amount of indent for line {lnum} according the C | |
2375 indenting rules, as with 'cindent'. | |
2376 The indent is counted in spaces, the value of 'tabstop' is | |
2377 relevant. {lnum} is used just like in |getline()|. | |
2378 When {lnum} is invalid or Vim was not compiled the |+cindent| | |
2379 feature, -1 is returned. | |
548 | 2380 See |C-indenting|. |
7 | 2381 |
1326 | 2382 clearmatches() *clearmatches()* |
2383 Clears all matches previously defined by |matchadd()| and the | |
2384 |:match| commands. | |
2385 | |
7 | 2386 *col()* |
24 | 2387 col({expr}) The result is a Number, which is the byte index of the column |
7 | 2388 position given with {expr}. The accepted positions are: |
2389 . the cursor position | |
2390 $ the end of the cursor line (the result is the | |
3513 | 2391 number of bytes in the cursor line plus one) |
7 | 2392 'x position of mark x (if the mark is not set, 0 is |
2393 returned) | |
1317 | 2394 Additionally {expr} can be [lnum, col]: a |List| with the line |
2395 and column number. Most useful when the column is "$", to get | |
1621 | 2396 the last column of a specific line. When "lnum" or "col" is |
1317 | 2397 out of range then col() returns zero. |
1156 | 2398 To get the line number use |line()|. To get both use |
703 | 2399 |getpos()|. |
7 | 2400 For the screen column position use |virtcol()|. |
2401 Note that only marks in the current file can be used. | |
2402 Examples: > | |
2403 col(".") column of cursor | |
2404 col("$") length of cursor line plus one | |
2405 col("'t") column of mark t | |
2406 col("'" . markname) column of mark markname | |
1621 | 2407 < The first column is 1. 0 is returned for an error. |
1156 | 2408 For an uppercase mark the column may actually be in another |
2409 buffer. | |
7 | 2410 For the cursor position, when 'virtualedit' is active, the |
2411 column is one higher if the cursor is after the end of the | |
2412 line. This can be used to obtain the column in Insert mode: > | |
2413 :imap <F2> <C-O>:let save_ve = &ve<CR> | |
2414 \<C-O>:set ve=all<CR> | |
2415 \<C-O>:echo col(".") . "\n" <Bar> | |
2416 \let &ve = save_ve<CR> | |
2417 < | |
464 | 2418 |
724 | 2419 complete({startcol}, {matches}) *complete()* *E785* |
2420 Set the matches for Insert mode completion. | |
2421 Can only be used in Insert mode. You need to use a mapping | |
1156 | 2422 with CTRL-R = |i_CTRL-R|. It does not work after CTRL-O or |
2423 with an expression mapping. | |
724 | 2424 {startcol} is the byte offset in the line where the completed |
2425 text start. The text up to the cursor is the original text | |
2426 that will be replaced by the matches. Use col('.') for an | |
2427 empty string. "col('.') - 1" will replace one character by a | |
2428 match. | |
2429 {matches} must be a |List|. Each |List| item is one match. | |
2430 See |complete-items| for the kind of items that are possible. | |
2431 Note that the after calling this function you need to avoid | |
2033
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2432 inserting anything that would cause completion to stop. |
724 | 2433 The match can be selected with CTRL-N and CTRL-P as usual with |
2434 Insert mode completion. The popup menu will appear if | |
2435 specified, see |ins-completion-menu|. | |
2436 Example: > | |
1156 | 2437 inoremap <F5> <C-R>=ListMonths()<CR> |
724 | 2438 |
2439 func! ListMonths() | |
2440 call complete(col('.'), ['January', 'February', 'March', | |
2441 \ 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', | |
2442 \ 'October', 'November', 'December']) | |
2443 return '' | |
2444 endfunc | |
2445 < This isn't very useful, but it shows how it works. Note that | |
2446 an empty string is returned to avoid a zero being inserted. | |
2447 | |
464 | 2448 complete_add({expr}) *complete_add()* |
2449 Add {expr} to the list of matches. Only to be used by the | |
2450 function specified with the 'completefunc' option. | |
2451 Returns 0 for failure (empty string or out of memory), | |
2452 1 when the match was added, 2 when the match was already in | |
2453 the list. | |
1621 | 2454 See |complete-functions| for an explanation of {expr}. It is |
786 | 2455 the same as one item in the list that 'omnifunc' would return. |
464 | 2456 |
2457 complete_check() *complete_check()* | |
2458 Check for a key typed while looking for completion matches. | |
2459 This is to be used when looking for matches takes some time. | |
2460 Returns non-zero when searching for matches is to be aborted, | |
2461 zero otherwise. | |
2462 Only to be used by the function specified with the | |
2463 'completefunc' option. | |
2464 | |
7 | 2465 *confirm()* |
2466 confirm({msg} [, {choices} [, {default} [, {type}]]]) | |
2467 Confirm() offers the user a dialog, from which a choice can be | |
2468 made. It returns the number of the choice. For the first | |
2469 choice this is 1. | |
2470 Note: confirm() is only supported when compiled with dialog | |
2471 support, see |+dialog_con| and |+dialog_gui|. | |
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2472 |
7 | 2473 {msg} is displayed in a |dialog| with {choices} as the |
2474 alternatives. When {choices} is missing or empty, "&OK" is | |
2475 used (and translated). | |
2476 {msg} is a String, use '\n' to include a newline. Only on | |
2477 some systems the string is wrapped when it doesn't fit. | |
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2478 |
7 | 2479 {choices} is a String, with the individual choices separated |
2480 by '\n', e.g. > | |
2481 confirm("Save changes?", "&Yes\n&No\n&Cancel") | |
2482 < The letter after the '&' is the shortcut key for that choice. | |
2483 Thus you can type 'c' to select "Cancel". The shortcut does | |
2484 not need to be the first letter: > | |
2485 confirm("file has been modified", "&Save\nSave &All") | |
2486 < For the console, the first letter of each choice is used as | |
2487 the default shortcut key. | |
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2488 |
7 | 2489 The optional {default} argument is the number of the choice |
2490 that is made if the user hits <CR>. Use 1 to make the first | |
2491 choice the default one. Use 0 to not set a default. If | |
2492 {default} is omitted, 1 is used. | |
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2493 |
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2494 The optional {type} argument gives the type of dialog. This |
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2495 is only used for the icon of the GTK, Mac, Motif and Win32 |
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2496 GUI. It can be one of these values: "Error", "Question", |
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2497 "Info", "Warning" or "Generic". Only the first character is |
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2498 relevant. When {type} is omitted, "Generic" is used. |
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2499 |
7 | 2500 If the user aborts the dialog by pressing <Esc>, CTRL-C, |
2501 or another valid interrupt key, confirm() returns 0. | |
2502 | |
2503 An example: > | |
2504 :let choice = confirm("What do you want?", "&Apples\n&Oranges\n&Bananas", 2) | |
2505 :if choice == 0 | |
2506 : echo "make up your mind!" | |
2507 :elseif choice == 3 | |
2508 : echo "tasteful" | |
2509 :else | |
2510 : echo "I prefer bananas myself." | |
2511 :endif | |
2512 < In a GUI dialog, buttons are used. The layout of the buttons | |
2513 depends on the 'v' flag in 'guioptions'. If it is included, | |
1621 | 2514 the buttons are always put vertically. Otherwise, confirm() |
7 | 2515 tries to put the buttons in one horizontal line. If they |
2516 don't fit, a vertical layout is used anyway. For some systems | |
2517 the horizontal layout is always used. | |
2518 | |
55 | 2519 *copy()* |
1621 | 2520 copy({expr}) Make a copy of {expr}. For Numbers and Strings this isn't |
55 | 2521 different from using {expr} directly. |
685 | 2522 When {expr} is a |List| a shallow copy is created. This means |
2523 that the original |List| can be changed without changing the | |
1621 | 2524 copy, and vice versa. But the items are identical, thus |
2525 changing an item changes the contents of both |Lists|. Also | |
685 | 2526 see |deepcopy()|. |
55 | 2527 |
1621 | 2528 cos({expr}) *cos()* |
2529 Return the cosine of {expr}, measured in radians, as a |Float|. | |
2530 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|. | |
2531 Examples: > | |
2532 :echo cos(100) | |
2533 < 0.862319 > | |
2534 :echo cos(-4.01) | |
2535 < -0.646043 | |
2536 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} | |
2537 | |
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2538 |
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2539 cosh({expr}) *cosh()* |
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2540 Return the hyperbolic cosine of {expr} as a |Float| in the range |
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2541 [1, inf]. |
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2542 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|. |
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2543 Examples: > |
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2544 :echo cosh(0.5) |
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2545 < 1.127626 > |
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2546 :echo cosh(-0.5) |
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2547 < -1.127626 |
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2548 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} |
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2549 |
1621 | 2550 |
102 | 2551 count({comp}, {expr} [, {ic} [, {start}]]) *count()* |
79 | 2552 Return the number of times an item with value {expr} appears |
685 | 2553 in |List| or |Dictionary| {comp}. |
102 | 2554 If {start} is given then start with the item with this index. |
685 | 2555 {start} can only be used with a |List|. |
79 | 2556 When {ic} is given and it's non-zero then case is ignored. |
2557 | |
2558 | |
7 | 2559 *cscope_connection()* |
2560 cscope_connection([{num} , {dbpath} [, {prepend}]]) | |
2561 Checks for the existence of a |cscope| connection. If no | |
2562 parameters are specified, then the function returns: | |
2563 0, if cscope was not available (not compiled in), or | |
2564 if there are no cscope connections; | |
2565 1, if there is at least one cscope connection. | |
2566 | |
2567 If parameters are specified, then the value of {num} | |
2568 determines how existence of a cscope connection is checked: | |
2569 | |
2570 {num} Description of existence check | |
2571 ----- ------------------------------ | |
2572 0 Same as no parameters (e.g., "cscope_connection()"). | |
2573 1 Ignore {prepend}, and use partial string matches for | |
2574 {dbpath}. | |
2575 2 Ignore {prepend}, and use exact string matches for | |
2576 {dbpath}. | |
2577 3 Use {prepend}, use partial string matches for both | |
2578 {dbpath} and {prepend}. | |
2579 4 Use {prepend}, use exact string matches for both | |
2580 {dbpath} and {prepend}. | |
2581 | |
2582 Note: All string comparisons are case sensitive! | |
2583 | |
2584 Examples. Suppose we had the following (from ":cs show"): > | |
2585 | |
2586 # pid database name prepend path | |
2587 0 27664 cscope.out /usr/local | |
2588 < | |
2589 Invocation Return Val ~ | |
2590 ---------- ---------- > | |
2591 cscope_connection() 1 | |
2592 cscope_connection(1, "out") 1 | |
2593 cscope_connection(2, "out") 0 | |
2594 cscope_connection(3, "out") 0 | |
2595 cscope_connection(3, "out", "local") 1 | |
2596 cscope_connection(4, "out") 0 | |
2597 cscope_connection(4, "out", "local") 0 | |
2598 cscope_connection(4, "cscope.out", "/usr/local") 1 | |
2599 < | |
703 | 2600 cursor({lnum}, {col} [, {off}]) *cursor()* |
2601 cursor({list}) | |
1156 | 2602 Positions the cursor at the column (byte count) {col} in the |
2603 line {lnum}. The first column is one. | |
5938 | 2604 |
703 | 2605 When there is one argument {list} this is used as a |List| |
5938 | 2606 with two, three or four item: |
2607 [{lnum}, {col}, {off}] | |
2608 [{lnum}, {col}, {off}, {curswant}] | |
2609 This is like the return value of |getpos()|, but without the | |
2610 first item. | |
2611 | |
7 | 2612 Does not change the jumplist. |
2613 If {lnum} is greater than the number of lines in the buffer, | |
2614 the cursor will be positioned at the last line in the buffer. | |
2615 If {lnum} is zero, the cursor will stay in the current line. | |
493 | 2616 If {col} is greater than the number of bytes in the line, |
7 | 2617 the cursor will be positioned at the last character in the |
2618 line. | |
2619 If {col} is zero, the cursor will stay in the current column. | |
703 | 2620 When 'virtualedit' is used {off} specifies the offset in |
2621 screen columns from the start of the character. E.g., a | |
1266 | 2622 position within a <Tab> or after the last character. |
1851 | 2623 Returns 0 when the position could be set, -1 otherwise. |
7 | 2624 |
55 | 2625 |
164 | 2626 deepcopy({expr}[, {noref}]) *deepcopy()* *E698* |
1621 | 2627 Make a copy of {expr}. For Numbers and Strings this isn't |
55 | 2628 different from using {expr} directly. |
685 | 2629 When {expr} is a |List| a full copy is created. This means |
2630 that the original |List| can be changed without changing the | |
1621 | 2631 copy, and vice versa. When an item is a |List|, a copy for it |
55 | 2632 is made, recursively. Thus changing an item in the copy does |
685 | 2633 not change the contents of the original |List|. |
2634 When {noref} is omitted or zero a contained |List| or | |
2635 |Dictionary| is only copied once. All references point to | |
2636 this single copy. With {noref} set to 1 every occurrence of a | |
2637 |List| or |Dictionary| results in a new copy. This also means | |
2638 that a cyclic reference causes deepcopy() to fail. | |
114 | 2639 *E724* |
2640 Nesting is possible up to 100 levels. When there is an item | |
164 | 2641 that refers back to a higher level making a deep copy with |
2642 {noref} set to 1 will fail. | |
55 | 2643 Also see |copy()|. |
2644 | |
2645 delete({fname}) *delete()* | |
2646 Deletes the file by the name {fname}. The result is a Number, | |
7 | 2647 which is 0 if the file was deleted successfully, and non-zero |
2648 when the deletion failed. | |
685 | 2649 Use |remove()| to delete an item from a |List|. |
4229 | 2650 To delete a line from the buffer use |:delete|. Use |:exe| |
2651 when the line number is in a variable. | |
7 | 2652 |
2653 *did_filetype()* | |
2654 did_filetype() Returns non-zero when autocommands are being executed and the | |
2655 FileType event has been triggered at least once. Can be used | |
2656 to avoid triggering the FileType event again in the scripts | |
2657 that detect the file type. |FileType| | |
2658 When editing another file, the counter is reset, thus this | |
2659 really checks if the FileType event has been triggered for the | |
2660 current buffer. This allows an autocommand that starts | |
2661 editing another buffer to set 'filetype' and load a syntax | |
2662 file. | |
2663 | |
32 | 2664 diff_filler({lnum}) *diff_filler()* |
2665 Returns the number of filler lines above line {lnum}. | |
2666 These are the lines that were inserted at this point in | |
2667 another diff'ed window. These filler lines are shown in the | |
2668 display but don't exist in the buffer. | |
2669 {lnum} is used like with |getline()|. Thus "." is the current | |
2670 line, "'m" mark m, etc. | |
2671 Returns 0 if the current window is not in diff mode. | |
2672 | |
2673 diff_hlID({lnum}, {col}) *diff_hlID()* | |
2674 Returns the highlight ID for diff mode at line {lnum} column | |
2675 {col} (byte index). When the current line does not have a | |
2676 diff change zero is returned. | |
2677 {lnum} is used like with |getline()|. Thus "." is the current | |
2678 line, "'m" mark m, etc. | |
2679 {col} is 1 for the leftmost column, {lnum} is 1 for the first | |
2680 line. | |
2681 The highlight ID can be used with |synIDattr()| to obtain | |
2682 syntax information about the highlighting. | |
2683 | |
85 | 2684 empty({expr}) *empty()* |
2685 Return the Number 1 if {expr} is empty, zero otherwise. | |
685 | 2686 A |List| or |Dictionary| is empty when it does not have any |
1621 | 2687 items. A Number is empty when its value is zero. |
2033
de5a43c5eedc
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parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
2688 For a long |List| this is much faster than comparing the |
685 | 2689 length with zero. |
85 | 2690 |
7 | 2691 escape({string}, {chars}) *escape()* |
2692 Escape the characters in {chars} that occur in {string} with a | |
2693 backslash. Example: > | |
2694 :echo escape('c:\program files\vim', ' \') | |
2695 < results in: > | |
2696 c:\\program\ files\\vim | |
1621 | 2697 < Also see |shellescape()|. |
2698 | |
2699 *eval()* | |
95 | 2700 eval({string}) Evaluate {string} and return the result. Especially useful to |
2701 turn the result of |string()| back into the original value. | |
1621 | 2702 This works for Numbers, Floats, Strings and composites of |
2703 them. Also works for |Funcref|s that refer to existing | |
2704 functions. | |
95 | 2705 |
7 | 2706 eventhandler() *eventhandler()* |
2707 Returns 1 when inside an event handler. That is that Vim got | |
2708 interrupted while waiting for the user to type a character, | |
2709 e.g., when dropping a file on Vim. This means interactive | |
2710 commands cannot be used. Otherwise zero is returned. | |
2711 | |
2712 executable({expr}) *executable()* | |
2713 This function checks if an executable with the name {expr} | |
2714 exists. {expr} must be the name of the program without any | |
10 | 2715 arguments. |
2716 executable() uses the value of $PATH and/or the normal | |
2717 searchpath for programs. *PATHEXT* | |
2718 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows the ".exe", ".bat", etc. can | |
2719 optionally be included. Then the extensions in $PATHEXT are | |
1621 | 2720 tried. Thus if "foo.exe" does not exist, "foo.exe.bat" can be |
2721 found. If $PATHEXT is not set then ".exe;.com;.bat;.cmd" is | |
10 | 2722 used. A dot by itself can be used in $PATHEXT to try using |
1621 | 2723 the name without an extension. When 'shell' looks like a |
10 | 2724 Unix shell, then the name is also tried without adding an |
2725 extension. | |
2726 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows it only checks if the file exists and | |
2727 is not a directory, not if it's really executable. | |
819 | 2728 On MS-Windows an executable in the same directory as Vim is |
2729 always found. Since this directory is added to $PATH it | |
2730 should also work to execute it |win32-PATH|. | |
7 | 2731 The result is a Number: |
2732 1 exists | |
2733 0 does not exist | |
2734 -1 not implemented on this system | |
2735 | |
5782 | 2736 exepath({expr}) *exepath()* |
2737 If {expr} is an executable and is either an absolute path, a | |
2738 relative path or found in $PATH, return the full path. | |
2739 Note that the current directory is used when {expr} starts | |
2740 with "./", which may be a problem for Vim: > | |
2741 echo exepath(v:progpath) | |
5814 | 2742 < If {expr} cannot be found in $PATH or is not executable then |
5782 | 2743 an empty string is returned. |
2744 | |
7 | 2745 *exists()* |
2746 exists({expr}) The result is a Number, which is non-zero if {expr} is | |
2747 defined, zero otherwise. The {expr} argument is a string, | |
2748 which contains one of these: | |
2749 &option-name Vim option (only checks if it exists, | |
2750 not if it really works) | |
2751 +option-name Vim option that works. | |
2752 $ENVNAME environment variable (could also be | |
2753 done by comparing with an empty | |
2754 string) | |
2755 *funcname built-in function (see |functions|) | |
2756 or user defined function (see | |
5862 | 2757 |user-functions|). Also works for a |
2758 variable that is a Funcref. | |
7 | 2759 varname internal variable (see |
1621 | 2760 |internal-variables|). Also works |
685 | 2761 for |curly-braces-names|, |Dictionary| |
2762 entries, |List| items, etc. Beware | |
1668 | 2763 that evaluating an index may cause an |
2764 error message for an invalid | |
2765 expression. E.g.: > | |
2766 :let l = [1, 2, 3] | |
2767 :echo exists("l[5]") | |
2768 < 0 > | |
2769 :echo exists("l[xx]") | |
2770 < E121: Undefined variable: xx | |
2771 0 | |
7 | 2772 :cmdname Ex command: built-in command, user |
2773 command or command modifier |:command|. | |
2774 Returns: | |
2775 1 for match with start of a command | |
2776 2 full match with a command | |
2777 3 matches several user commands | |
2778 To check for a supported command | |
2779 always check the return value to be 2. | |
864 | 2780 :2match The |:2match| command. |
2781 :3match The |:3match| command. | |
7 | 2782 #event autocommand defined for this event |
2783 #event#pattern autocommand defined for this event and | |
2784 pattern (the pattern is taken | |
2785 literally and compared to the | |
2786 autocommand patterns character by | |
2787 character) | |
613 | 2788 #group autocommand group exists |
2789 #group#event autocommand defined for this group and | |
2790 event. | |
2791 #group#event#pattern | |
856 | 2792 autocommand defined for this group, |
613 | 2793 event and pattern. |
615 | 2794 ##event autocommand for this event is |
2795 supported. | |
7 | 2796 For checking for a supported feature use |has()|. |
2797 | |
2798 Examples: > | |
2799 exists("&shortname") | |
2800 exists("$HOSTNAME") | |
2801 exists("*strftime") | |
2802 exists("*s:MyFunc") | |
2803 exists("bufcount") | |
2804 exists(":Make") | |
613 | 2805 exists("#CursorHold") |
7 | 2806 exists("#BufReadPre#*.gz") |
613 | 2807 exists("#filetypeindent") |
2808 exists("#filetypeindent#FileType") | |
2809 exists("#filetypeindent#FileType#*") | |
615 | 2810 exists("##ColorScheme") |
7 | 2811 < There must be no space between the symbol (&/$/*/#) and the |
2812 name. | |
867 | 2813 There must be no extra characters after the name, although in |
2814 a few cases this is ignored. That may become more strict in | |
2815 the future, thus don't count on it! | |
2816 Working example: > | |
2817 exists(":make") | |
2818 < NOT working example: > | |
2819 exists(":make install") | |
859 | 2820 |
2821 < Note that the argument must be a string, not the name of the | |
2822 variable itself. For example: > | |
7 | 2823 exists(bufcount) |
2824 < This doesn't check for existence of the "bufcount" variable, | |
853 | 2825 but gets the value of "bufcount", and checks if that exists. |
7 | 2826 |
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|
2827 exp({expr}) *exp()* |
2337
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|
2828 Return the exponential of {expr} as a |Float| in the range |
2206
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|
2829 [0, inf]. |
2337
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Better conceal in help. (partly by Dominique Pelle)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2830 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|. |
2206
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2831 Examples: > |
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2832 :echo exp(2) |
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2833 < 7.389056 > |
a8afba7027ae
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2834 :echo exp(-1) |
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|
2835 < 0.367879 |
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|
2836 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} |
2206
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2154
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|
2837 |
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|
2838 |
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|
2839 expand({expr} [, {nosuf} [, {list}]]) *expand()* |
7 | 2840 Expand wildcards and the following special keywords in {expr}. |
3410
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Updated runtime files. Add Dutch translations.
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3398
diff
changeset
|
2841 'wildignorecase' applies. |
94601b379f38
Updated runtime files. Add Dutch translations.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2842 |
94601b379f38
Updated runtime files. Add Dutch translations.
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parents:
3398
diff
changeset
|
2843 If {list} is given and it is non-zero, a List will be returned. |
94601b379f38
Updated runtime files. Add Dutch translations.
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parents:
3398
diff
changeset
|
2844 Otherwise the result is a String and when there are several |
94601b379f38
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
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3398
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|
2845 matches, they are separated by <NL> characters. [Note: in |
94601b379f38
Updated runtime files. Add Dutch translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
3398
diff
changeset
|
2846 version 5.0 a space was used, which caused problems when a |
94601b379f38
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parents:
3398
diff
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|
2847 file name contains a space] |
7 | 2848 |
1621 | 2849 If the expansion fails, the result is an empty string. A name |
4869 | 2850 for a non-existing file is not included, unless {expr} does |
2851 not start with '%', '#' or '<', see below. | |
7 | 2852 |
2853 When {expr} starts with '%', '#' or '<', the expansion is done | |
2854 like for the |cmdline-special| variables with their associated | |
2855 modifiers. Here is a short overview: | |
2856 | |
2857 % current file name | |
2858 # alternate file name | |
2859 #n alternate file name n | |
2860 <cfile> file name under the cursor | |
2861 <afile> autocmd file name | |
2862 <abuf> autocmd buffer number (as a String!) | |
2863 <amatch> autocmd matched name | |
5734 | 2864 <sfile> sourced script file or function name |
2662 | 2865 <slnum> sourced script file line number |
7 | 2866 <cword> word under the cursor |
2867 <cWORD> WORD under the cursor | |
2868 <client> the {clientid} of the last received | |
2869 message |server2client()| | |
2870 Modifiers: | |
2871 :p expand to full path | |
2872 :h head (last path component removed) | |
2873 :t tail (last path component only) | |
2874 :r root (one extension removed) | |
2875 :e extension only | |
2876 | |
2877 Example: > | |
2878 :let &tags = expand("%:p:h") . "/tags" | |
2879 < Note that when expanding a string that starts with '%', '#' or | |
2880 '<', any following text is ignored. This does NOT work: > | |
2881 :let doesntwork = expand("%:h.bak") | |
2882 < Use this: > | |
2883 :let doeswork = expand("%:h") . ".bak" | |
2884 < Also note that expanding "<cfile>" and others only returns the | |
2885 referenced file name without further expansion. If "<cfile>" | |
2886 is "~/.cshrc", you need to do another expand() to have the | |
2887 "~/" expanded into the path of the home directory: > | |
2888 :echo expand(expand("<cfile>")) | |
2889 < | |
2890 There cannot be white space between the variables and the | |
2891 following modifier. The |fnamemodify()| function can be used | |
2892 to modify normal file names. | |
2893 | |
2894 When using '%' or '#', and the current or alternate file name | |
2895 is not defined, an empty string is used. Using "%:p" in a | |
2896 buffer with no name, results in the current directory, with a | |
2897 '/' added. | |
2898 | |
2899 When {expr} does not start with '%', '#' or '<', it is | |
2900 expanded like a file name is expanded on the command line. | |
2901 'suffixes' and 'wildignore' are used, unless the optional | |
3398 | 2902 {nosuf} argument is given and it is non-zero. |
2903 Names for non-existing files are included. The "**" item can | |
2904 be used to search in a directory tree. For example, to find | |
2905 all "README" files in the current directory and below: > | |
444 | 2906 :echo expand("**/README") |
2907 < | |
7 | 2908 Expand() can also be used to expand variables and environment |
2909 variables that are only known in a shell. But this can be | |
1621 | 2910 slow, because a shell must be started. See |expr-env-expand|. |
7 | 2911 The expanded variable is still handled like a list of file |
1621 | 2912 names. When an environment variable cannot be expanded, it is |
7 | 2913 left unchanged. Thus ":echo expand('$FOOBAR')" results in |
2914 "$FOOBAR". | |
2915 | |
2916 See |glob()| for finding existing files. See |system()| for | |
2917 getting the raw output of an external command. | |
2918 | |
102 | 2919 extend({expr1}, {expr2} [, {expr3}]) *extend()* |
692 | 2920 {expr1} and {expr2} must be both |Lists| or both |
2921 |Dictionaries|. | |
2922 | |
2923 If they are |Lists|: Append {expr2} to {expr1}. | |
102 | 2924 If {expr3} is given insert the items of {expr2} before item |
2925 {expr3} in {expr1}. When {expr3} is zero insert before the | |
2926 first item. When {expr3} is equal to len({expr1}) then | |
2927 {expr2} is appended. | |
79 | 2928 Examples: > |
2929 :echo sort(extend(mylist, [7, 5])) | |
2930 :call extend(mylist, [2, 3], 1) | |
1699 | 2931 < When {expr1} is the same List as {expr2} then the number of |
2932 items copied is equal to the original length of the List. | |
2933 E.g., when {expr3} is 1 you get N new copies of the first item | |
2934 (where N is the original length of the List). | |
2935 Use |add()| to concatenate one item to a list. To concatenate | |
82 | 2936 two lists into a new list use the + operator: > |
79 | 2937 :let newlist = [1, 2, 3] + [4, 5] |
102 | 2938 < |
692 | 2939 If they are |Dictionaries|: |
102 | 2940 Add all entries from {expr2} to {expr1}. |
2941 If a key exists in both {expr1} and {expr2} then {expr3} is | |
2942 used to decide what to do: | |
2943 {expr3} = "keep": keep the value of {expr1} | |
2944 {expr3} = "force": use the value of {expr2} | |
856 | 2945 {expr3} = "error": give an error message *E737* |
102 | 2946 When {expr3} is omitted then "force" is assumed. |
2947 | |
2948 {expr1} is changed when {expr2} is not empty. If necessary | |
2949 make a copy of {expr1} first. | |
2950 {expr2} remains unchanged. | |
2951 Returns {expr1}. | |
2952 | |
79 | 2953 |
842 | 2954 feedkeys({string} [, {mode}]) *feedkeys()* |
2955 Characters in {string} are queued for processing as if they | |
1621 | 2956 come from a mapping or were typed by the user. They are added |
1156 | 2957 to the end of the typeahead buffer, thus if a mapping is still |
842 | 2958 being executed these characters come after them. |
2959 The function does not wait for processing of keys contained in | |
2960 {string}. | |
2961 To include special keys into {string}, use double-quotes | |
2962 and "\..." notation |expr-quote|. For example, | |
1215 | 2963 feedkeys("\<CR>") simulates pressing of the <Enter> key. But |
842 | 2964 feedkeys('\<CR>') pushes 5 characters. |
2965 If {mode} is absent, keys are remapped. | |
2966 {mode} is a String, which can contain these character flags: | |
843 | 2967 'm' Remap keys. This is default. |
2968 'n' Do not remap keys. | |
2969 't' Handle keys as if typed; otherwise they are handled as | |
2970 if coming from a mapping. This matters for undo, | |
2971 opening folds, etc. | |
842 | 2972 Return value is always 0. |
2973 | |
7 | 2974 filereadable({file}) *filereadable()* |
2975 The result is a Number, which is TRUE when a file with the | |
2976 name {file} exists, and can be read. If {file} doesn't exist, | |
2977 or is a directory, the result is FALSE. {file} is any | |
2978 expression, which is used as a String. | |
1156 | 2979 If you don't care about the file being readable you can use |
2980 |glob()|. | |
7 | 2981 *file_readable()* |
2982 Obsolete name: file_readable(). | |
2983 | |
95 | 2984 |
1156 | 2985 filewritable({file}) *filewritable()* |
2986 The result is a Number, which is 1 when a file with the | |
2987 name {file} exists, and can be written. If {file} doesn't | |
1621 | 2988 exist, or is not writable, the result is 0. If {file} is a |
1156 | 2989 directory, and we can write to it, the result is 2. |
2990 | |
2991 | |
102 | 2992 filter({expr}, {string}) *filter()* |
685 | 2993 {expr} must be a |List| or a |Dictionary|. |
102 | 2994 For each item in {expr} evaluate {string} and when the result |
685 | 2995 is zero remove the item from the |List| or |Dictionary|. |
102 | 2996 Inside {string} |v:val| has the value of the current item. |
685 | 2997 For a |Dictionary| |v:key| has the key of the current item. |
102 | 2998 Examples: > |
2999 :call filter(mylist, 'v:val !~ "OLD"') | |
3000 < Removes the items where "OLD" appears. > | |
3001 :call filter(mydict, 'v:key >= 8') | |
3002 < Removes the items with a key below 8. > | |
3003 :call filter(var, 0) | |
685 | 3004 < Removes all the items, thus clears the |List| or |Dictionary|. |
99 | 3005 |
102 | 3006 Note that {string} is the result of expression and is then |
3007 used as an expression again. Often it is good to use a | |
3008 |literal-string| to avoid having to double backslashes. | |
3009 | |
685 | 3010 The operation is done in-place. If you want a |List| or |
3011 |Dictionary| to remain unmodified make a copy first: > | |
650 | 3012 :let l = filter(copy(mylist), 'v:val =~ "KEEP"') |
102 | 3013 |
685 | 3014 < Returns {expr}, the |List| or |Dictionary| that was filtered. |
648 | 3015 When an error is encountered while evaluating {string} no |
3016 further items in {expr} are processed. | |
95 | 3017 |
3018 | |
19 | 3019 finddir({name}[, {path}[, {count}]]) *finddir()* |
1095 | 3020 Find directory {name} in {path}. Supports both downwards and |
3021 upwards recursive directory searches. See |file-searching| | |
3022 for the syntax of {path}. | |
3023 Returns the path of the first found match. When the found | |
3024 directory is below the current directory a relative path is | |
3025 returned. Otherwise a full path is returned. | |
19 | 3026 If {path} is omitted or empty then 'path' is used. |
3027 If the optional {count} is given, find {count}'s occurrence of | |
794 | 3028 {name} in {path} instead of the first one. |
809 | 3029 When {count} is negative return all the matches in a |List|. |
19 | 3030 This is quite similar to the ex-command |:find|. |
2570
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3031 {only available when compiled with the |+file_in_path| |
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|
3032 feature} |
794 | 3033 |
3034 findfile({name}[, {path}[, {count}]]) *findfile()* | |
3035 Just like |finddir()|, but find a file instead of a directory. | |
3036 Uses 'suffixesadd'. | |
19 | 3037 Example: > |
3038 :echo findfile("tags.vim", ".;") | |
1156 | 3039 < Searches from the directory of the current file upwards until |
3040 it finds the file "tags.vim". | |
7 | 3041 |
1621 | 3042 float2nr({expr}) *float2nr()* |
3043 Convert {expr} to a Number by omitting the part after the | |
3044 decimal point. | |
3045 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a Number. | |
3046 When the value of {expr} is out of range for a |Number| the | |
3047 result is truncated to 0x7fffffff or -0x7fffffff. NaN results | |
3048 in -0x80000000. | |
3049 Examples: > | |
3050 echo float2nr(3.95) | |
3051 < 3 > | |
3052 echo float2nr(-23.45) | |
3053 < -23 > | |
3054 echo float2nr(1.0e100) | |
3055 < 2147483647 > | |
3056 echo float2nr(-1.0e150) | |
3057 < -2147483647 > | |
3058 echo float2nr(1.0e-100) | |
3059 < 0 | |
3060 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} | |
3061 | |
3062 | |
3063 floor({expr}) *floor()* | |
3064 Return the largest integral value less than or equal to | |
3065 {expr} as a |Float| (round down). | |
3066 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|. | |
3067 Examples: > | |
3068 echo floor(1.856) | |
3069 < 1.0 > | |
3070 echo floor(-5.456) | |
3071 < -6.0 > | |
3072 echo floor(4.0) | |
3073 < 4.0 | |
3074 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} | |
3075 | |
2206
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3076 |
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|
3077 fmod({expr1}, {expr2}) *fmod()* |
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3078 Return the remainder of {expr1} / {expr2}, even if the |
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|
3079 division is not representable. Returns {expr1} - i * {expr2} |
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3080 for some integer i such that if {expr2} is non-zero, the |
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3081 result has the same sign as {expr1} and magnitude less than |
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3082 the magnitude of {expr2}. If {expr2} is zero, the value |
2337
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|
3083 returned is zero. The value returned is a |Float|. |
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|
3084 {expr1} and {expr2} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|. |
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3085 Examples: > |
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|
3086 :echo fmod(12.33, 1.22) |
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|
3087 < 0.13 > |
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|
3088 :echo fmod(-12.33, 1.22) |
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|
3089 < -0.13 |
2570
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parents:
2569
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|
3090 {only available when compiled with |+float| feature} |
2206
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|
3091 |
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|
3092 |
1586 | 3093 fnameescape({string}) *fnameescape()* |
1621 | 3094 Escape {string} for use as file name command argument. All |
1586 | 3095 characters that have a special meaning, such as '%' and '|' |
3096 are escaped with a backslash. | |
1621 | 3097 For most systems the characters escaped are |
3098 " \t\n*?[{`$\\%#'\"|!<". For systems where a backslash | |
3099 appears in a filename, it depends on the value of 'isfname'. | |
1700 | 3100 A leading '+' and '>' is also escaped (special after |:edit| |
3101 and |:write|). And a "-" by itself (special after |:cd|). | |
1586 | 3102 Example: > |
1700 | 3103 :let fname = '+some str%nge|name' |
1586 | 3104 :exe "edit " . fnameescape(fname) |
3105 < results in executing: > | |
1700 | 3106 edit \+some\ str\%nge\|name |
1586 | 3107 |
7 | 3108 fnamemodify({fname}, {mods}) *fnamemodify()* |
3109 Modify file name {fname} according to {mods}. {mods} is a | |
3110 string of characters like it is used for file names on the | |
3111 command line. See |filename-modifiers|. | |
3112 Example: > | |
3113 :echo fnamemodify("main.c", ":p:h") | |
3114 < results in: > | |
3115 /home/mool/vim/vim/src | |
1621 | 3116 < Note: Environment variables don't work in {fname}, use |
7 | 3117 |expand()| first then. |
3118 | |
3119 foldclosed({lnum}) *foldclosed()* | |
3120 The result is a Number. If the line {lnum} is in a closed | |
3121 fold, the result is the number of the first line in that fold. | |
3122 If the line {lnum} is not in a closed fold, -1 is returned. | |
3123 | |
3124 foldclosedend({lnum}) *foldclosedend()* | |
3125 The result is a Number. If the line {lnum} is in a closed | |
3126 fold, the result is the number of the last line in that fold. | |
3127 If the line {lnum} is not in a closed fold, -1 is returned. | |
3128 | |
3129 foldlevel({lnum}) *foldlevel()* | |
3130 The result is a Number, which is the foldlevel of line {lnum} | |
1621 | 3131 in the current buffer. For nested folds the deepest level is |
7 | 3132 returned. If there is no fold at line {lnum}, zero is |
3133 returned. It doesn't matter if the folds are open or closed. | |
3134 When used while updating folds (from 'foldexpr') -1 is | |
3135 returned for lines where folds are still to be updated and the | |
3136 foldlevel is unknown. As a special case the level of the | |
3137 previous line is usually available. | |
3138 | |
3139 *foldtext()* | |
3140 foldtext() Returns a String, to be displayed for a closed fold. This is | |
3141 the default function used for the 'foldtext' option and should | |
3142 only be called from evaluating 'foldtext'. It uses the | |
3143 |v:foldstart|, |v:foldend| and |v:folddashes| variables. | |
3144 The returned string looks like this: > | |
3145 +-- 45 lines: abcdef | |
1621 | 3146 < The number of dashes depends on the foldlevel. The "45" is |
7 | 3147 the number of lines in the fold. "abcdef" is the text in the |
3148 first non-blank line of the fold. Leading white space, "//" | |
3149 or "/*" and the text from the 'foldmarker' and 'commentstring' | |
3150 options is removed. | |
3151 {not available when compiled without the |+folding| feature} | |
3152 | |
29 | 3153 foldtextresult({lnum}) *foldtextresult()* |
3154 Returns the text that is displayed for the closed fold at line | |
3155 {lnum}. Evaluates 'foldtext' in the appropriate context. | |
3156 When there is no closed fold at {lnum} an empty string is | |
3157 returned. | |
3158 {lnum} is used like with |getline()|. Thus "." is the current | |
3159 line, "'m" mark m, etc. | |
3160 Useful when exporting folded text, e.g., to HTML. | |
3161 {not available when compiled without the |+folding| feature} | |
3162 | |
7 | 3163 *foreground()* |
1621 | 3164 foreground() Move the Vim window to the foreground. Useful when sent from |
7 | 3165 a client to a Vim server. |remote_send()| |
3166 On Win32 systems this might not work, the OS does not always | |
3167 allow a window to bring itself to the foreground. Use | |
3168 |remote_foreground()| instead. | |
3169 {only in the Win32, Athena, Motif and GTK GUI versions and the | |
3170 Win32 console version} | |
3171 | |
82 | 3172 |
85 | 3173 function({name}) *function()* *E700* |
685 | 3174 Return a |Funcref| variable that refers to function {name}. |
55 | 3175 {name} can be a user defined function or an internal function. |
3176 | |
82 | 3177 |
3224 | 3178 garbagecollect([{atexit}]) *garbagecollect()* |
692 | 3179 Cleanup unused |Lists| and |Dictionaries| that have circular |
370 | 3180 references. There is hardly ever a need to invoke this |
3181 function, as it is automatically done when Vim runs out of | |
3182 memory or is waiting for the user to press a key after | |
3183 'updatetime'. Items without circular references are always | |
3184 freed when they become unused. | |
685 | 3185 This is useful if you have deleted a very big |List| and/or |
3186 |Dictionary| with circular references in a script that runs | |
3187 for a long time. | |
3224 | 3188 When the optional {atexit} argument is one, garbage |
1405 | 3189 collection will also be done when exiting Vim, if it wasn't |
3190 done before. This is useful when checking for memory leaks. | |
370 | 3191 |
140 | 3192 get({list}, {idx} [, {default}]) *get()* |
685 | 3193 Get item {idx} from |List| {list}. When this item is not |
82 | 3194 available return {default}. Return zero when {default} is |
3195 omitted. | |
102 | 3196 get({dict}, {key} [, {default}]) |
685 | 3197 Get item with key {key} from |Dictionary| {dict}. When this |
102 | 3198 item is not available return {default}. Return zero when |
3199 {default} is omitted. | |
3200 | |
435 | 3201 *getbufline()* |
3202 getbufline({expr}, {lnum} [, {end}]) | |
685 | 3203 Return a |List| with the lines starting from {lnum} to {end} |
3204 (inclusive) in the buffer {expr}. If {end} is omitted, a | |
3205 |List| with only the line {lnum} is returned. | |
435 | 3206 |
3207 For the use of {expr}, see |bufname()| above. | |
3208 | |
448 | 3209 For {lnum} and {end} "$" can be used for the last line of the |
3210 buffer. Otherwise a number must be used. | |
435 | 3211 |
3212 When {lnum} is smaller than 1 or bigger than the number of | |
685 | 3213 lines in the buffer, an empty |List| is returned. |
435 | 3214 |
3215 When {end} is greater than the number of lines in the buffer, | |
3216 it is treated as {end} is set to the number of lines in the | |
685 | 3217 buffer. When {end} is before {lnum} an empty |List| is |
435 | 3218 returned. |
3219 | |
448 | 3220 This function works only for loaded buffers. For unloaded and |
685 | 3221 non-existing buffers, an empty |List| is returned. |
435 | 3222 |
3223 Example: > | |
3224 :let lines = getbufline(bufnr("myfile"), 1, "$") | |
82 | 3225 |
4157 | 3226 getbufvar({expr}, {varname} [, {def}]) *getbufvar()* |
82 | 3227 The result is the value of option or local buffer variable |
3228 {varname} in buffer {expr}. Note that the name without "b:" | |
3229 must be used. | |
1668 | 3230 When {varname} is empty returns a dictionary with all the |
3231 buffer-local variables. | |
216 | 3232 This also works for a global or buffer-local option, but it |
3233 doesn't work for a global variable, window-local variable or | |
3234 window-local option. | |
82 | 3235 For the use of {expr}, see |bufname()| above. |
4157 | 3236 When the buffer or variable doesn't exist {def} or an empty |
3237 string is returned, there is no error message. | |
82 | 3238 Examples: > |
3239 :let bufmodified = getbufvar(1, "&mod") | |
3240 :echo "todo myvar = " . getbufvar("todo", "myvar") | |
3241 < | |
7 | 3242 getchar([expr]) *getchar()* |
867 | 3243 Get a single character from the user or input stream. |
7 | 3244 If [expr] is omitted, wait until a character is available. |
3245 If [expr] is 0, only get a character when one is available. | |
867 | 3246 Return zero otherwise. |
7 | 3247 If [expr] is 1, only check if a character is available, it is |
867 | 3248 not consumed. Return zero if no character available. |
3249 | |
5555 | 3250 Without [expr] and when [expr] is 0 a whole character or |
867 | 3251 special key is returned. If it is an 8-bit character, the |
3252 result is a number. Use nr2char() to convert it to a String. | |
3253 Otherwise a String is returned with the encoded character. | |
3254 For a special key it's a sequence of bytes starting with 0x80 | |
872 | 3255 (decimal: 128). This is the same value as the string |
3256 "\<Key>", e.g., "\<Left>". The returned value is also a | |
3257 String when a modifier (shift, control, alt) was used that is | |
3258 not included in the character. | |
867 | 3259 |
5555 | 3260 When [expr] is 1 only the first byte is returned. For a |
872 | 3261 one-byte character it is the character itself as a number. |
3262 Use nr2char() to convert it to a String. | |
867 | 3263 |
3224 | 3264 Use getcharmod() to obtain any additional modifiers. |
3265 | |
1029 | 3266 When the user clicks a mouse button, the mouse event will be |
3267 returned. The position can then be found in |v:mouse_col|, | |
3268 |v:mouse_lnum| and |v:mouse_win|. This example positions the | |
3269 mouse as it would normally happen: > | |
3270 let c = getchar() | |
1621 | 3271 if c == "\<LeftMouse>" && v:mouse_win > 0 |
1029 | 3272 exe v:mouse_win . "wincmd w" |
3273 exe v:mouse_lnum | |
3274 exe "normal " . v:mouse_col . "|" | |
3275 endif | |
3276 < | |
7 | 3277 There is no prompt, you will somehow have to make clear to the |
3278 user that a character has to be typed. | |
3279 There is no mapping for the character. | |
3280 Key codes are replaced, thus when the user presses the <Del> | |
3281 key you get the code for the <Del> key, not the raw character | |
3282 sequence. Examples: > | |
3283 getchar() == "\<Del>" | |
3284 getchar() == "\<S-Left>" | |
3285 < This example redefines "f" to ignore case: > | |
3286 :nmap f :call FindChar()<CR> | |
3287 :function FindChar() | |
3288 : let c = nr2char(getchar()) | |
3289 : while col('.') < col('$') - 1 | |
3290 : normal l | |
3291 : if getline('.')[col('.') - 1] ==? c | |
3292 : break | |
3293 : endif | |
3294 : endwhile | |
3295 :endfunction | |
3296 | |
3297 getcharmod() *getcharmod()* | |
3298 The result is a Number which is the state of the modifiers for | |
3299 the last obtained character with getchar() or in another way. | |
3300 These values are added together: | |
3301 2 shift | |
3302 4 control | |
3303 8 alt (meta) | |
3224 | 3304 16 meta (when it's different from ALT) |
3305 32 mouse double click | |
3306 64 mouse triple click | |
3307 96 mouse quadruple click (== 32 + 64) | |
3308 128 command (Macintosh only) | |
7 | 3309 Only the modifiers that have not been included in the |
1621 | 3310 character itself are obtained. Thus Shift-a results in "A" |
2033
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|
3311 without a modifier. |
7 | 3312 |
3313 getcmdline() *getcmdline()* | |
3314 Return the current command-line. Only works when the command | |
3315 line is being edited, thus requires use of |c_CTRL-\_e| or | |
3316 |c_CTRL-R_=|. | |
3317 Example: > | |
3318 :cmap <F7> <C-\>eescape(getcmdline(), ' \')<CR> | |
531 | 3319 < Also see |getcmdtype()|, |getcmdpos()| and |setcmdpos()|. |
7 | 3320 |
95 | 3321 getcmdpos() *getcmdpos()* |
7 | 3322 Return the position of the cursor in the command line as a |
3323 byte count. The first column is 1. | |
3324 Only works when editing the command line, thus requires use of | |
3456 | 3325 |c_CTRL-\_e| or |c_CTRL-R_=| or an expression mapping. |
3326 Returns 0 otherwise. | |
531 | 3327 Also see |getcmdtype()|, |setcmdpos()| and |getcmdline()|. |
3328 | |
3329 getcmdtype() *getcmdtype()* | |
3330 Return the current command-line type. Possible return values | |
3331 are: | |
532 | 3332 : normal Ex command |
3333 > debug mode command |debug-mode| | |
3334 / forward search command | |
3335 ? backward search command | |
3336 @ |input()| command | |
3337 - |:insert| or |:append| command | |
531 | 3338 Only works when editing the command line, thus requires use of |
3456 | 3339 |c_CTRL-\_e| or |c_CTRL-R_=| or an expression mapping. |
3340 Returns an empty string otherwise. | |
531 | 3341 Also see |getcmdpos()|, |setcmdpos()| and |getcmdline()|. |
7 | 3342 |
3343 *getcwd()* | |
3344 getcwd() The result is a String, which is the name of the current | |
3345 working directory. | |
3346 | |
3347 getfsize({fname}) *getfsize()* | |
3348 The result is a Number, which is the size in bytes of the | |
3349 given file {fname}. | |
3350 If {fname} is a directory, 0 is returned. | |
3351 If the file {fname} can't be found, -1 is returned. | |
1293 | 3352 If the size of {fname} is too big to fit in a Number then -2 |
3353 is returned. | |
7 | 3354 |
37 | 3355 getfontname([{name}]) *getfontname()* |
3356 Without an argument returns the name of the normal font being | |
3357 used. Like what is used for the Normal highlight group | |
3358 |hl-Normal|. | |
3359 With an argument a check is done whether {name} is a valid | |
3360 font name. If not then an empty string is returned. | |
3361 Otherwise the actual font name is returned, or {name} if the | |
3362 GUI does not support obtaining the real name. | |
824 | 3363 Only works when the GUI is running, thus not in your vimrc or |
819 | 3364 gvimrc file. Use the |GUIEnter| autocommand to use this |
3365 function just after the GUI has started. | |
37 | 3366 Note that the GTK 2 GUI accepts any font name, thus checking |
3367 for a valid name does not work. | |
3368 | |
20 | 3369 getfperm({fname}) *getfperm()* |
3370 The result is a String, which is the read, write, and execute | |
3371 permissions of the given file {fname}. | |
3372 If {fname} does not exist or its directory cannot be read, an | |
3373 empty string is returned. | |
3374 The result is of the form "rwxrwxrwx", where each group of | |
3375 "rwx" flags represent, in turn, the permissions of the owner | |
3376 of the file, the group the file belongs to, and other users. | |
3377 If a user does not have a given permission the flag for this | |
3750 | 3378 is replaced with the string "-". Examples: > |
20 | 3379 :echo getfperm("/etc/passwd") |
3750 | 3380 :echo getfperm(expand("~/.vimrc")) |
20 | 3381 < This will hopefully (from a security point of view) display |
3382 the string "rw-r--r--" or even "rw-------". | |
205 | 3383 |
7 | 3384 getftime({fname}) *getftime()* |
3385 The result is a Number, which is the last modification time of | |
3386 the given file {fname}. The value is measured as seconds | |
3387 since 1st Jan 1970, and may be passed to strftime(). See also | |
3388 |localtime()| and |strftime()|. | |
3389 If the file {fname} can't be found -1 is returned. | |
3390 | |
20 | 3391 getftype({fname}) *getftype()* |
3392 The result is a String, which is a description of the kind of | |
3393 file of the given file {fname}. | |
3394 If {fname} does not exist an empty string is returned. | |
3395 Here is a table over different kinds of files and their | |
3396 results: | |
3397 Normal file "file" | |
3398 Directory "dir" | |
3399 Symbolic link "link" | |
3400 Block device "bdev" | |
3401 Character device "cdev" | |
3402 Socket "socket" | |
3403 FIFO "fifo" | |
3404 All other "other" | |
3405 Example: > | |
3406 getftype("/home") | |
3407 < Note that a type such as "link" will only be returned on | |
3408 systems that support it. On some systems only "dir" and | |
3409 "file" are returned. | |
3410 | |
7 | 3411 *getline()* |
82 | 3412 getline({lnum} [, {end}]) |
3413 Without {end} the result is a String, which is line {lnum} | |
3414 from the current buffer. Example: > | |
7 | 3415 getline(1) |
3416 < When {lnum} is a String that doesn't start with a | |
3417 digit, line() is called to translate the String into a Number. | |
3418 To get the line under the cursor: > | |
3419 getline(".") | |
3420 < When {lnum} is smaller than 1 or bigger than the number of | |
3421 lines in the buffer, an empty string is returned. | |
3422 | |
685 | 3423 When {end} is given the result is a |List| where each item is |
3424 a line from the current buffer in the range {lnum} to {end}, | |
82 | 3425 including line {end}. |
3426 {end} is used in the same way as {lnum}. | |
3427 Non-existing lines are silently omitted. | |
685 | 3428 When {end} is before {lnum} an empty |List| is returned. |
82 | 3429 Example: > |
3430 :let start = line('.') | |
3431 :let end = search("^$") - 1 | |
3432 :let lines = getline(start, end) | |
3433 | |
1156 | 3434 < To get lines from another buffer see |getbufline()| |
3435 | |
647 | 3436 getloclist({nr}) *getloclist()* |
3437 Returns a list with all the entries in the location list for | |
3438 window {nr}. When {nr} is zero the current window is used. | |
3439 For a location list window, the displayed location list is | |
648 | 3440 returned. For an invalid window number {nr}, an empty list is |
2033
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|
3441 returned. Otherwise, same as |getqflist()|. |
82 | 3442 |
1326 | 3443 getmatches() *getmatches()* |
3444 Returns a |List| with all matches previously defined by | |
3445 |matchadd()| and the |:match| commands. |getmatches()| is | |
3446 useful in combination with |setmatches()|, as |setmatches()| | |
3447 can restore a list of matches saved by |getmatches()|. | |
3448 Example: > | |
3449 :echo getmatches() | |
3450 < [{'group': 'MyGroup1', 'pattern': 'TODO', | |
3451 'priority': 10, 'id': 1}, {'group': 'MyGroup2', | |
3452 'pattern': 'FIXME', 'priority': 10, 'id': 2}] > | |
3453 :let m = getmatches() | |
3454 :call clearmatches() | |
3455 :echo getmatches() | |
3456 < [] > | |
3457 :call setmatches(m) | |
3458 :echo getmatches() | |
3459 < [{'group': 'MyGroup1', 'pattern': 'TODO', | |
3460 'priority': 10, 'id': 1}, {'group': 'MyGroup2', | |
3461 'pattern': 'FIXME', 'priority': 10, 'id': 2}] > | |
3462 :unlet m | |
3463 < | |
3464 | |
230 | 3465 getqflist() *getqflist()* |
3466 Returns a list with all the current quickfix errors. Each | |
3467 list item is a dictionary with these entries: | |
3468 bufnr number of buffer that has the file name, use | |
3469 bufname() to get the name | |
3470 lnum line number in the buffer (first line is 1) | |
3471 col column number (first column is 1) | |
233 | 3472 vcol non-zero: "col" is visual column |
3473 zero: "col" is byte index | |
230 | 3474 nr error number |
1065 | 3475 pattern search pattern used to locate the error |
230 | 3476 text description of the error |
3477 type type of the error, 'E', '1', etc. | |
3478 valid non-zero: recognized error message | |
3479 | |
515 | 3480 When there is no error list or it's empty an empty list is |
1065 | 3481 returned. Quickfix list entries with non-existing buffer |
3482 number are returned with "bufnr" set to zero. | |
515 | 3483 |
230 | 3484 Useful application: Find pattern matches in multiple files and |
3485 do something with them: > | |
3486 :vimgrep /theword/jg *.c | |
3487 :for d in getqflist() | |
3488 : echo bufname(d.bufnr) ':' d.lnum '=' d.text | |
3489 :endfor | |
3490 | |
3491 | |
5796 | 3492 getreg([{regname} [, 1 [, {list}]]]) *getreg()* |
7 | 3493 The result is a String, which is the contents of register |
236 | 3494 {regname}. Example: > |
7 | 3495 :let cliptext = getreg('*') |
3496 < getreg('=') returns the last evaluated value of the expression | |
236 | 3497 register. (For use in maps.) |
282 | 3498 getreg('=', 1) returns the expression itself, so that it can |
3499 be restored with |setreg()|. For other registers the extra | |
3500 argument is ignored, thus you can always give it. | |
5796 | 3501 If {list} is present and non-zero result type is changed to |
3502 |List|. Each list item is one text line. Use it if you care | |
3503 about zero bytes possibly present inside register: without | |
3504 third argument both NLs and zero bytes are represented as NLs | |
3505 (see |NL-used-for-Nul|). | |
7 | 3506 If {regname} is not specified, |v:register| is used. |
3507 | |
82 | 3508 |
7 | 3509 getregtype([{regname}]) *getregtype()* |
3510 The result is a String, which is type of register {regname}. | |
3511 The value will be one of: | |
3512 "v" for |characterwise| text | |
3513 "V" for |linewise| text | |
3514 "<CTRL-V>{width}" for |blockwise-visual| text | |
5596 | 3515 "" for an empty or unknown register |
7 | 3516 <CTRL-V> is one character with value 0x16. |
3517 If {regname} is not specified, |v:register| is used. | |
3518 | |
4157 | 3519 gettabvar({tabnr}, {varname} [, {def}]) *gettabvar()* |
2207
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2206
diff
changeset
|
3520 Get the value of a tab-local variable {varname} in tab page |
b17bbfa96fa0
Add the settabvar() and gettabvar() functions.
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parents:
2206
diff
changeset
|
3521 {tabnr}. |t:var| |
b17bbfa96fa0
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parents:
2206
diff
changeset
|
3522 Tabs are numbered starting with one. |
b17bbfa96fa0
Add the settabvar() and gettabvar() functions.
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parents:
2206
diff
changeset
|
3523 Note that the name without "t:" must be used. |
4157 | 3524 When the tab or variable doesn't exist {def} or an empty |
3525 string is returned, there is no error message. | |
3526 | |
3527 gettabwinvar({tabnr}, {winnr}, {varname} [, {def}]) *gettabwinvar()* | |
1156 | 3528 Get the value of window-local variable {varname} in window |
3529 {winnr} in tab page {tabnr}. | |
3530 When {varname} starts with "&" get the value of a window-local | |
3531 option. | |
4157 | 3532 When {varname} is empty a dictionary with all window-local |
3533 variables is returned. | |
3534 Note that {varname} must be the name without "w:". | |
831 | 3535 Tabs are numbered starting with one. For the current tabpage |
3536 use |getwinvar()|. | |
3537 When {winnr} is zero the current window is used. | |
3538 This also works for a global option, buffer-local option and | |
3539 window-local option, but it doesn't work for a global variable | |
3540 or buffer-local variable. | |
4157 | 3541 When the tab, window or variable doesn't exist {def} or an |
3542 empty string is returned, there is no error message. | |
831 | 3543 Examples: > |
3544 :let list_is_on = gettabwinvar(1, 2, '&list') | |
3545 :echo "myvar = " . gettabwinvar(3, 1, 'myvar') | |
1266 | 3546 < |
7 | 3547 *getwinposx()* |
3548 getwinposx() The result is a Number, which is the X coordinate in pixels of | |
3549 the left hand side of the GUI Vim window. The result will be | |
3550 -1 if the information is not available. | |
3551 | |
3552 *getwinposy()* | |
3553 getwinposy() The result is a Number, which is the Y coordinate in pixels of | |
1621 | 3554 the top of the GUI Vim window. The result will be -1 if the |
7 | 3555 information is not available. |
3556 | |
4157 | 3557 getwinvar({winnr}, {varname} [, {def}]) *getwinvar()* |
831 | 3558 Like |gettabwinvar()| for the current tabpage. |
7 | 3559 Examples: > |
3560 :let list_is_on = getwinvar(2, '&list') | |
3561 :echo "myvar = " . getwinvar(1, 'myvar') | |
3562 < | |
3410
94601b379f38
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
3398
diff
changeset
|
3563 glob({expr} [, {nosuf} [, {list}]]) *glob()* |
1754 | 3564 Expand the file wildcards in {expr}. See |wildcards| for the |
1156 | 3565 use of special characters. |
3410
94601b379f38
Updated runtime files. Add Dutch translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
3398
diff
changeset
|
3566 |
94601b379f38
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
3398
diff
changeset
|
3567 Unless the optional {nosuf} argument is given and is non-zero, |
1754 | 3568 the 'suffixes' and 'wildignore' options apply: Names matching |
3569 one of the patterns in 'wildignore' will be skipped and | |
3570 'suffixes' affect the ordering of matches. | |
2662 | 3571 'wildignorecase' always applies. |
3410
94601b379f38
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
3398
diff
changeset
|
3572 |
94601b379f38
Updated runtime files. Add Dutch translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
3398
diff
changeset
|
3573 When {list} is present and it is non-zero the result is a List |
94601b379f38
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
3398
diff
changeset
|
3574 with all matching files. The advantage of using a List is, |
94601b379f38
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parents:
3398
diff
changeset
|
3575 you also get filenames containing newlines correctly. |
94601b379f38
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
3398
diff
changeset
|
3576 Otherwise the result is a String and when there are several |
94601b379f38
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
3398
diff
changeset
|
3577 matches, they are separated by <NL> characters. |
94601b379f38
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
3398
diff
changeset
|
3578 |
94601b379f38
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
3398
diff
changeset
|
3579 If the expansion fails, the result is an empty String or List. |
3445 | 3580 A name for a non-existing file is not included. A symbolic |
3581 link is only included if it points to an existing file. | |
7 | 3582 |
3583 For most systems backticks can be used to get files names from | |
3584 any external command. Example: > | |
3585 :let tagfiles = glob("`find . -name tags -print`") | |
3586 :let &tags = substitute(tagfiles, "\n", ",", "g") | |
3587 < The result of the program inside the backticks should be one | |
1621 | 3588 item per line. Spaces inside an item are allowed. |
7 | 3589 |
3590 See |expand()| for expanding special Vim variables. See | |
3591 |system()| for getting the raw output of an external command. | |
3592 | |
5873 | 3593 globpath({path}, {expr} [, {nosuf} [, {list}]]) *globpath()* |
7 | 3594 Perform glob() on all directories in {path} and concatenate |
3595 the results. Example: > | |
3596 :echo globpath(&rtp, "syntax/c.vim") | |
5873 | 3597 < |
3598 {path} is a comma-separated list of directory names. Each | |
7 | 3599 directory name is prepended to {expr} and expanded like with |
1754 | 3600 |glob()|. A path separator is inserted when needed. |
7 | 3601 To add a comma inside a directory name escape it with a |
3602 backslash. Note that on MS-Windows a directory may have a | |
3603 trailing backslash, remove it if you put a comma after it. | |
3604 If the expansion fails for one of the directories, there is no | |
3605 error message. | |
5873 | 3606 |
3607 Unless the optional {nosuf} argument is given and is non-zero, | |
1754 | 3608 the 'suffixes' and 'wildignore' options apply: Names matching |
3609 one of the patterns in 'wildignore' will be skipped and | |
3610 'suffixes' affect the ordering of matches. | |
7 | 3611 |
5873 | 3612 When {list} is present and it is non-zero the result is a List |
3613 with all matching files. The advantage of using a List is, you | |
3614 also get filenames containing newlines correctly. Otherwise | |
3615 the result is a String and when there are several matches, | |
3616 they are separated by <NL> characters. Example: > | |
3617 :echo globpath(&rtp, "syntax/c.vim", 0, 1) | |
3618 < | |
444 | 3619 The "**" item can be used to search in a directory tree. |
3620 For example, to find all "README.txt" files in the directories | |
3621 in 'runtimepath' and below: > | |
3622 :echo globpath(&rtp, "**/README.txt") | |
1668 | 3623 < Upwards search and limiting the depth of "**" is not |
3624 supported, thus using 'path' will not always work properly. | |
3625 | |
7 | 3626 *has()* |
3627 has({feature}) The result is a Number, which is 1 if the feature {feature} is | |
3628 supported, zero otherwise. The {feature} argument is a | |
3629 string. See |feature-list| below. | |
3630 Also see |exists()|. | |
3631 | |
102 | 3632 |
3633 has_key({dict}, {key}) *has_key()* | |
685 | 3634 The result is a Number, which is 1 if |Dictionary| {dict} has |
3635 an entry with key {key}. Zero otherwise. | |
102 | 3636 |
1104 | 3637 haslocaldir() *haslocaldir()* |
3638 The result is a Number, which is 1 when the current | |
1621 | 3639 window has set a local path via |:lcd|, and 0 otherwise. |
102 | 3640 |
782 | 3641 hasmapto({what} [, {mode} [, {abbr}]]) *hasmapto()* |
7 | 3642 The result is a Number, which is 1 if there is a mapping that |
3643 contains {what} in somewhere in the rhs (what it is mapped to) | |
3644 and this mapping exists in one of the modes indicated by | |
3645 {mode}. | |
782 | 3646 When {abbr} is there and it is non-zero use abbreviations |
786 | 3647 instead of mappings. Don't forget to specify Insert and/or |
3648 Command-line mode. | |
7 | 3649 Both the global mappings and the mappings local to the current |
3650 buffer are checked for a match. | |
3651 If no matching mapping is found 0 is returned. | |
3652 The following characters are recognized in {mode}: | |
3653 n Normal mode | |
3654 v Visual mode | |
3655 o Operator-pending mode | |
3656 i Insert mode | |
3657 l Language-Argument ("r", "f", "t", etc.) | |
3658 c Command-line mode | |
3659 When {mode} is omitted, "nvo" is used. | |
3660 | |
3661 This function is useful to check if a mapping already exists | |
1621 | 3662 to a function in a Vim script. Example: > |
7 | 3663 :if !hasmapto('\ABCdoit') |
3664 : map <Leader>d \ABCdoit | |
3665 :endif | |
3666 < This installs the mapping to "\ABCdoit" only if there isn't | |
3667 already a mapping to "\ABCdoit". | |
3668 | |
3669 histadd({history}, {item}) *histadd()* | |
3670 Add the String {item} to the history {history} which can be | |
3671 one of: *hist-names* | |
3672 "cmd" or ":" command line history | |
3673 "search" or "/" search pattern history | |
1621 | 3674 "expr" or "=" typed expression history |
7 | 3675 "input" or "@" input line history |
3682 | 3676 "debug" or ">" debug command history |
3677 The {history} string does not need to be the whole name, one | |
3678 character is sufficient. | |
7 | 3679 If {item} does already exist in the history, it will be |
3680 shifted to become the newest entry. | |
3681 The result is a Number: 1 if the operation was successful, | |
3682 otherwise 0 is returned. | |
3683 | |
3684 Example: > | |
3685 :call histadd("input", strftime("%Y %b %d")) | |
3686 :let date=input("Enter date: ") | |
3687 < This function is not available in the |sandbox|. | |
3688 | |
3689 histdel({history} [, {item}]) *histdel()* | |
236 | 3690 Clear {history}, i.e. delete all its entries. See |hist-names| |
7 | 3691 for the possible values of {history}. |
3692 | |
1668 | 3693 If the parameter {item} evaluates to a String, it is used as a |
3694 regular expression. All entries matching that expression will | |
3695 be removed from the history (if there are any). | |
7 | 3696 Upper/lowercase must match, unless "\c" is used |/\c|. |
1668 | 3697 If {item} evaluates to a Number, it will be interpreted as |
3698 an index, see |:history-indexing|. The respective entry will | |
3699 be removed if it exists. | |
7 | 3700 |
3701 The result is a Number: 1 for a successful operation, | |
3702 otherwise 0 is returned. | |
3703 | |
3704 Examples: | |
3705 Clear expression register history: > | |
3706 :call histdel("expr") | |
3707 < | |
3708 Remove all entries starting with "*" from the search history: > | |
3709 :call histdel("/", '^\*') | |
3710 < | |
3711 The following three are equivalent: > | |
3712 :call histdel("search", histnr("search")) | |
3713 :call histdel("search", -1) | |
3714 :call histdel("search", '^'.histget("search", -1).'$') | |
3715 < | |
3716 To delete the last search pattern and use the last-but-one for | |
3717 the "n" command and 'hlsearch': > | |
3718 :call histdel("search", -1) | |
3719 :let @/ = histget("search", -1) | |
3720 | |
3721 histget({history} [, {index}]) *histget()* | |
3722 The result is a String, the entry with Number {index} from | |
3723 {history}. See |hist-names| for the possible values of | |
3724 {history}, and |:history-indexing| for {index}. If there is | |
3725 no such entry, an empty String is returned. When {index} is | |
3726 omitted, the most recent item from the history is used. | |
3727 | |
3728 Examples: | |
3729 Redo the second last search from history. > | |
3730 :execute '/' . histget("search", -2) | |
3731 | |
3732 < Define an Ex command ":H {num}" that supports re-execution of | |
3733 the {num}th entry from the output of |:history|. > | |
3734 :command -nargs=1 H execute histget("cmd", 0+<args>) | |
3735 < | |
3736 histnr({history}) *histnr()* | |
3737 The result is the Number of the current entry in {history}. | |
3738 See |hist-names| for the possible values of {history}. | |
3739 If an error occurred, -1 is returned. | |
3740 | |
3741 Example: > | |
3742 :let inp_index = histnr("expr") | |
3743 < | |
3744 hlexists({name}) *hlexists()* | |
3745 The result is a Number, which is non-zero if a highlight group | |
3746 called {name} exists. This is when the group has been | |
3747 defined in some way. Not necessarily when highlighting has | |
3748 been defined for it, it may also have been used for a syntax | |
3749 item. | |
3750 *highlight_exists()* | |
3751 Obsolete name: highlight_exists(). | |
3752 | |
3753 *hlID()* | |
3754 hlID({name}) The result is a Number, which is the ID of the highlight group | |
3755 with name {name}. When the highlight group doesn't exist, | |
3756 zero is returned. | |
3757 This can be used to retrieve information about the highlight | |
1621 | 3758 group. For example, to get the background color of the |
7 | 3759 "Comment" group: > |
3760 :echo synIDattr(synIDtrans(hlID("Comment")), "bg") | |
3761 < *highlightID()* | |
3762 Obsolete name: highlightID(). | |
3763 | |
3764 hostname() *hostname()* | |
3765 The result is a String, which is the name of the machine on | |
236 | 3766 which Vim is currently running. Machine names greater than |
7 | 3767 256 characters long are truncated. |
3768 | |
3769 iconv({expr}, {from}, {to}) *iconv()* | |
3770 The result is a String, which is the text {expr} converted | |
3771 from encoding {from} to encoding {to}. | |
2033
de5a43c5eedc
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
3772 When the conversion completely fails an empty string is |
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
3773 returned. When some characters could not be converted they |
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
3774 are replaced with "?". |
7 | 3775 The encoding names are whatever the iconv() library function |
3776 can accept, see ":!man 3 iconv". | |
3777 Most conversions require Vim to be compiled with the |+iconv| | |
3778 feature. Otherwise only UTF-8 to latin1 conversion and back | |
3779 can be done. | |
3780 This can be used to display messages with special characters, | |
3781 no matter what 'encoding' is set to. Write the message in | |
3782 UTF-8 and use: > | |
3783 echo iconv(utf8_str, "utf-8", &enc) | |
3784 < Note that Vim uses UTF-8 for all Unicode encodings, conversion | |
3785 from/to UCS-2 is automatically changed to use UTF-8. You | |
3786 cannot use UCS-2 in a string anyway, because of the NUL bytes. | |
2570
71b56b4e7785
Make the references to features in the help more consistent. (Sylvain Hitier)
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2569
diff
changeset
|
3787 {only available when compiled with the |+multi_byte| feature} |
7 | 3788 |
3789 *indent()* | |
3790 indent({lnum}) The result is a Number, which is indent of line {lnum} in the | |
3791 current buffer. The indent is counted in spaces, the value | |
3792 of 'tabstop' is relevant. {lnum} is used just like in | |
3793 |getline()|. | |
3794 When {lnum} is invalid -1 is returned. | |
3795 | |
79 | 3796 |
95 | 3797 index({list}, {expr} [, {start} [, {ic}]]) *index()* |
685 | 3798 Return the lowest index in |List| {list} where the item has a |
2033
de5a43c5eedc
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
3799 value equal to {expr}. There is no automatic conversion, so |
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
3800 the String "4" is different from the Number 4. And the number |
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
3801 4 is different from the Float 4.0. The value of 'ignorecase' |
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
3802 is not used here, case always matters. |
153 | 3803 If {start} is given then start looking at the item with index |
3804 {start} (may be negative for an item relative to the end). | |
79 | 3805 When {ic} is given and it is non-zero, ignore case. Otherwise |
3806 case must match. | |
3807 -1 is returned when {expr} is not found in {list}. | |
3808 Example: > | |
3809 :let idx = index(words, "the") | |
87 | 3810 :if index(numbers, 123) >= 0 |
79 | 3811 |
3812 | |
531 | 3813 input({prompt} [, {text} [, {completion}]]) *input()* |
7 | 3814 The result is a String, which is whatever the user typed on |
2033
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
3815 the command-line. The {prompt} argument is either a prompt |
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
3816 string, or a blank string (for no prompt). A '\n' can be used |
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
3817 in the prompt to start a new line. |
531 | 3818 The highlighting set with |:echohl| is used for the prompt. |
3819 The input is entered just like a command-line, with the same | |
1621 | 3820 editing commands and mappings. There is a separate history |
531 | 3821 for lines typed for input(). |
3822 Example: > | |
3823 :if input("Coffee or beer? ") == "beer" | |
3824 : echo "Cheers!" | |
3825 :endif | |
3826 < | |
2033
de5a43c5eedc
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
3827 If the optional {text} argument is present and not empty, this |
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
3828 is used for the default reply, as if the user typed this. |
de5a43c5eedc
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
3829 Example: > |
531 | 3830 :let color = input("Color? ", "white") |
3831 | |
3832 < The optional {completion} argument specifies the type of | |
3833 completion supported for the input. Without it completion is | |
1621 | 3834 not performed. The supported completion types are the same as |
531 | 3835 that can be supplied to a user-defined command using the |
1621 | 3836 "-complete=" argument. Refer to |:command-completion| for |
531 | 3837 more information. Example: > |
3838 let fname = input("File: ", "", "file") | |
3839 < | |
3840 NOTE: This function must not be used in a startup file, for | |
3841 the versions that only run in GUI mode (e.g., the Win32 GUI). | |
7 | 3842 Note: When input() is called from within a mapping it will |
3843 consume remaining characters from that mapping, because a | |
3844 mapping is handled like the characters were typed. | |
3845 Use |inputsave()| before input() and |inputrestore()| | |
3846 after input() to avoid that. Another solution is to avoid | |
3847 that further characters follow in the mapping, e.g., by using | |
3848 |:execute| or |:normal|. | |
3849 | |
531 | 3850 Example with a mapping: > |
7 | 3851 :nmap \x :call GetFoo()<CR>:exe "/" . Foo<CR> |
3852 :function GetFoo() | |
3853 : call inputsave() | |
3854 : let g:Foo = input("enter search pattern: ") | |
3855 : call inputrestore() | |
3856 :endfunction | |
3857 | |
3858 inputdialog({prompt} [, {text} [, {cancelreturn}]]) *inputdialog()* | |
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3859 Like |input()|, but when the GUI is running and text dialogs |
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3860 are supported, a dialog window pops up to input the text. |
7 | 3861 Example: > |
3875 | 3862 :let n = inputdialog("value for shiftwidth", shiftwidth()) |
3863 :if n != "" | |
3864 : let &sw = n | |
3865 :endif | |
7 | 3866 < When the dialog is cancelled {cancelreturn} is returned. When |
3867 omitted an empty string is returned. | |
3868 Hitting <Enter> works like pressing the OK button. Hitting | |
3869 <Esc> works like pressing the Cancel button. | |
531 | 3870 NOTE: Command-line completion is not supported. |
7 | 3871 |
519 | 3872 inputlist({textlist}) *inputlist()* |
819 | 3873 {textlist} must be a |List| of strings. This |List| is |
3874 displayed, one string per line. The user will be prompted to | |
3875 enter a number, which is returned. | |
519 | 3876 The user can also select an item by clicking on it with the |
1621 | 3877 mouse. For the first string 0 is returned. When clicking |
519 | 3878 above the first item a negative number is returned. When |
3879 clicking on the prompt one more than the length of {textlist} | |
3880 is returned. | |
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3881 Make sure {textlist} has less than 'lines' entries, otherwise |
1621 | 3882 it won't work. It's a good idea to put the entry number at |
1156 | 3883 the start of the string. And put a prompt in the first item. |
3884 Example: > | |
519 | 3885 let color = inputlist(['Select color:', '1. red', |
3886 \ '2. green', '3. blue']) | |
3887 | |
7 | 3888 inputrestore() *inputrestore()* |
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3889 Restore typeahead that was saved with a previous |inputsave()|. |
7 | 3890 Should be called the same number of times inputsave() is |
3891 called. Calling it more often is harmless though. | |
3892 Returns 1 when there is nothing to restore, 0 otherwise. | |
3893 | |
3894 inputsave() *inputsave()* | |
3895 Preserve typeahead (also from mappings) and clear it, so that | |
3896 a following prompt gets input from the user. Should be | |
3897 followed by a matching inputrestore() after the prompt. Can | |
3898 be used several times, in which case there must be just as | |
3899 many inputrestore() calls. | |
3900 Returns 1 when out of memory, 0 otherwise. | |
3901 | |
3902 inputsecret({prompt} [, {text}]) *inputsecret()* | |
3903 This function acts much like the |input()| function with but | |
3904 two exceptions: | |
3905 a) the user's response will be displayed as a sequence of | |
3906 asterisks ("*") thereby keeping the entry secret, and | |
3907 b) the user's response will not be recorded on the input | |
3908 |history| stack. | |
3909 The result is a String, which is whatever the user actually | |
3910 typed on the command-line in response to the issued prompt. | |
531 | 3911 NOTE: Command-line completion is not supported. |
7 | 3912 |
55 | 3913 insert({list}, {item} [, {idx}]) *insert()* |
685 | 3914 Insert {item} at the start of |List| {list}. |
55 | 3915 If {idx} is specified insert {item} before the item with index |
1621 | 3916 {idx}. If {idx} is zero it goes before the first item, just |
55 | 3917 like omitting {idx}. A negative {idx} is also possible, see |
3918 |list-index|. -1 inserts just before the last item. | |
685 | 3919 Returns the resulting |List|. Examples: > |
55 | 3920 :let mylist = insert([2, 3, 5], 1) |
3921 :call insert(mylist, 4, -1) | |
3922 :call insert(mylist, 6, len(mylist)) | |
82 | 3923 < The last example can be done simpler with |add()|. |
685 | 3924 Note that when {item} is a |List| it is inserted as a single |
692 | 3925 item. Use |extend()| to concatenate |Lists|. |
55 | 3926 |
3214 | 3927 invert({expr}) *invert()* |
3928 Bitwise invert. The argument is converted to a number. A | |
3929 List, Dict or Float argument causes an error. Example: > | |
3930 :let bits = invert(bits) | |
3931 | |
7 | 3932 isdirectory({directory}) *isdirectory()* |
3933 The result is a Number, which is non-zero when a directory | |
3934 with the name {directory} exists. If {directory} doesn't | |
3935 exist, or isn't a directory, the result is FALSE. {directory} | |
3936 is any expression, which is used as a String. | |
3937 | |
819 | 3938 islocked({expr}) *islocked()* *E786* |
148 | 3939 The result is a Number, which is non-zero when {expr} is the |
3940 name of a locked variable. | |
685 | 3941 {expr} must be the name of a variable, |List| item or |
3942 |Dictionary| entry, not the variable itself! Example: > | |
148 | 3943 :let alist = [0, ['a', 'b'], 2, 3] |
3944 :lockvar 1 alist | |
3945 :echo islocked('alist') " 1 | |
3946 :echo islocked('alist[1]') " 0 | |
3947 | |
3948 < When {expr} is a variable that does not exist you get an error | |
843 | 3949 message. Use |exists()| to check for existence. |
148 | 3950 |
140 | 3951 items({dict}) *items()* |
685 | 3952 Return a |List| with all the key-value pairs of {dict}. Each |
3953 |List| item is a list with two items: the key of a {dict} | |
3954 entry and the value of this entry. The |List| is in arbitrary | |
3955 order. | |
140 | 3956 |
95 | 3957 |
3958 join({list} [, {sep}]) *join()* | |
3959 Join the items in {list} together into one String. | |
3960 When {sep} is specified it is put in between the items. If | |
3961 {sep} is omitted a single space is used. | |
3962 Note that {sep} is not added at the end. You might want to | |
3963 add it there too: > | |
3964 let lines = join(mylist, "\n") . "\n" | |
692 | 3965 < String items are used as-is. |Lists| and |Dictionaries| are |
95 | 3966 converted into a string like with |string()|. |
3967 The opposite function is |split()|. | |
3968 | |
99 | 3969 keys({dict}) *keys()* |
685 | 3970 Return a |List| with all the keys of {dict}. The |List| is in |
99 | 3971 arbitrary order. |
3972 | |
85 | 3973 *len()* *E701* |
55 | 3974 len({expr}) The result is a Number, which is the length of the argument. |
3975 When {expr} is a String or a Number the length in bytes is | |
3976 used, as with |strlen()|. | |
685 | 3977 When {expr} is a |List| the number of items in the |List| is |
55 | 3978 returned. |
685 | 3979 When {expr} is a |Dictionary| the number of entries in the |
3980 |Dictionary| is returned. | |
55 | 3981 Otherwise an error is given. |
3982 | |
7 | 3983 *libcall()* *E364* *E368* |
3984 libcall({libname}, {funcname}, {argument}) | |
3985 Call function {funcname} in the run-time library {libname} | |
3986 with single argument {argument}. | |
3987 This is useful to call functions in a library that you | |
3988 especially made to be used with Vim. Since only one argument | |
3989 is possible, calling standard library functions is rather | |
3990 limited. | |
3991 The result is the String returned by the function. If the | |
3992 function returns NULL, this will appear as an empty string "" | |
3993 to Vim. | |
3994 If the function returns a number, use libcallnr()! | |
3995 If {argument} is a number, it is passed to the function as an | |
3996 int; if {argument} is a string, it is passed as a | |
3997 null-terminated string. | |
3998 This function will fail in |restricted-mode|. | |
3999 | |
4000 libcall() allows you to write your own 'plug-in' extensions to | |
4001 Vim without having to recompile the program. It is NOT a | |
4002 means to call system functions! If you try to do so Vim will | |
4003 very probably crash. | |
4004 | |
4005 For Win32, the functions you write must be placed in a DLL | |
4006 and use the normal C calling convention (NOT Pascal which is | |
4007 used in Windows System DLLs). The function must take exactly | |
4008 one parameter, either a character pointer or a long integer, | |
4009 and must return a character pointer or NULL. The character | |
4010 pointer returned must point to memory that will remain valid | |
4011 after the function has returned (e.g. in static data in the | |
4012 DLL). If it points to allocated memory, that memory will | |
4013 leak away. Using a static buffer in the function should work, | |
4014 it's then freed when the DLL is unloaded. | |
4015 | |
4016 WARNING: If the function returns a non-valid pointer, Vim may | |
1621 | 4017 crash! This also happens if the function returns a number, |
7 | 4018 because Vim thinks it's a pointer. |
4019 For Win32 systems, {libname} should be the filename of the DLL | |
4020 without the ".DLL" suffix. A full path is only required if | |
4021 the DLL is not in the usual places. | |
4022 For Unix: When compiling your own plugins, remember that the | |
4023 object code must be compiled as position-independent ('PIC'). | |
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4024 {only in Win32 and some Unix versions, when the |+libcall| |
7 | 4025 feature is present} |
4026 Examples: > | |
4027 :echo libcall("libc.so", "getenv", "HOME") | |
4028 < | |
4029 *libcallnr()* | |
4030 libcallnr({libname}, {funcname}, {argument}) | |
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4031 Just like |libcall()|, but used for a function that returns an |
7 | 4032 int instead of a string. |
4033 {only in Win32 on some Unix versions, when the |+libcall| | |
4034 feature is present} | |
1621 | 4035 Examples: > |
4036 :echo libcallnr("/usr/lib/libc.so", "getpid", "") | |
7 | 4037 :call libcallnr("libc.so", "printf", "Hello World!\n") |
4038 :call libcallnr("libc.so", "sleep", 10) | |
4039 < | |
4040 *line()* | |
4041 line({expr}) The result is a Number, which is the line number of the file | |
4042 position given with {expr}. The accepted positions are: | |
4043 . the cursor position | |
4044 $ the last line in the current buffer | |
4045 'x position of mark x (if the mark is not set, 0 is | |
4046 returned) | |
665 | 4047 w0 first line visible in current window |
4048 w$ last line visible in current window | |
1609 | 4049 v In Visual mode: the start of the Visual area (the |
4050 cursor is the end). When not in Visual mode | |
4051 returns the cursor position. Differs from |'<| in | |
4052 that it's updated right away. | |
1156 | 4053 Note that a mark in another file can be used. The line number |
4054 then applies to another buffer. | |
703 | 4055 To get the column number use |col()|. To get both use |
4056 |getpos()|. | |
7 | 4057 Examples: > |
4058 line(".") line number of the cursor | |
4059 line("'t") line number of mark t | |
4060 line("'" . marker) line number of mark marker | |
4061 < *last-position-jump* | |
4062 This autocommand jumps to the last known position in a file | |
4063 just after opening it, if the '" mark is set: > | |
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4064 :au BufReadPost * if line("'\"") > 1 && line("'\"") <= line("$") | exe "normal! g`\"" | endif |
9 | 4065 |
7 | 4066 line2byte({lnum}) *line2byte()* |
4067 Return the byte count from the start of the buffer for line | |
4068 {lnum}. This includes the end-of-line character, depending on | |
4069 the 'fileformat' option for the current buffer. The first | |
3237 | 4070 line returns 1. 'encoding' matters, 'fileencoding' is ignored. |
7 | 4071 This can also be used to get the byte count for the line just |
4072 below the last line: > | |
4073 line2byte(line("$") + 1) | |
3237 | 4074 < This is the buffer size plus one. If 'fileencoding' is empty |
4075 it is the file size plus one. | |
7 | 4076 When {lnum} is invalid, or the |+byte_offset| feature has been |
4077 disabled at compile time, -1 is returned. | |
4078 Also see |byte2line()|, |go| and |:goto|. | |
4079 | |
4080 lispindent({lnum}) *lispindent()* | |
4081 Get the amount of indent for line {lnum} according the lisp | |
4082 indenting rules, as with 'lisp'. | |
4083 The indent is counted in spaces, the value of 'tabstop' is | |
4084 relevant. {lnum} is used just like in |getline()|. | |
4085 When {lnum} is invalid or Vim was not compiled the | |
4086 |+lispindent| feature, -1 is returned. | |
4087 | |
4088 localtime() *localtime()* | |
4089 Return the current time, measured as seconds since 1st Jan | |
4090 1970. See also |strftime()| and |getftime()|. | |
4091 | |
95 | 4092 |
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4093 log({expr}) *log()* |
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4094 Return the natural logarithm (base e) of {expr} as a |Float|. |
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4095 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number| in the range |
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4096 (0, inf]. |
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4097 Examples: > |
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4098 :echo log(10) |
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4099 < 2.302585 > |
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4100 :echo log(exp(5)) |
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4101 < 5.0 |
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4102 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} |
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4103 |
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4104 |
1621 | 4105 log10({expr}) *log10()* |
4106 Return the logarithm of Float {expr} to base 10 as a |Float|. | |
4107 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|. | |
4108 Examples: > | |
4109 :echo log10(1000) | |
4110 < 3.0 > | |
4111 :echo log10(0.01) | |
4112 < -2.0 | |
4113 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} | |
4114 | |
3492 | 4115 luaeval({expr}[, {expr}]) *luaeval()* |
4116 Evaluate Lua expression {expr} and return its result converted | |
4117 to Vim data structures. Second {expr} may hold additional | |
4118 argument accessible as _A inside first {expr}. | |
4119 Strings are returned as they are. | |
4120 Boolean objects are converted to numbers. | |
4121 Numbers are converted to |Float| values if vim was compiled | |
4122 with |+float| and to numbers otherwise. | |
4123 Dictionaries and lists obtained by vim.eval() are returned | |
4124 as-is. | |
4125 Other objects are returned as zero without any errors. | |
4126 See |lua-luaeval| for more details. | |
4127 {only available when compiled with the |+lua| feature} | |
4128 | |
102 | 4129 map({expr}, {string}) *map()* |
685 | 4130 {expr} must be a |List| or a |Dictionary|. |
102 | 4131 Replace each item in {expr} with the result of evaluating |
4132 {string}. | |
4133 Inside {string} |v:val| has the value of the current item. | |
1998 | 4134 For a |Dictionary| |v:key| has the key of the current item |
4135 and for a |List| |v:key| has the index of the current item. | |
102 | 4136 Example: > |
4137 :call map(mylist, '"> " . v:val . " <"') | |
95 | 4138 < This puts "> " before and " <" after each item in "mylist". |
102 | 4139 |
158 | 4140 Note that {string} is the result of an expression and is then |
102 | 4141 used as an expression again. Often it is good to use a |
158 | 4142 |literal-string| to avoid having to double backslashes. You |
4143 still have to double ' quotes | |
102 | 4144 |
685 | 4145 The operation is done in-place. If you want a |List| or |
4146 |Dictionary| to remain unmodified make a copy first: > | |
3682 | 4147 :let tlist = map(copy(mylist), ' v:val . "\t"') |
102 | 4148 |
685 | 4149 < Returns {expr}, the |List| or |Dictionary| that was filtered. |
648 | 4150 When an error is encountered while evaluating {string} no |
4151 further items in {expr} are processed. | |
95 | 4152 |
4153 | |
2610 | 4154 maparg({name}[, {mode} [, {abbr} [, {dict}]]]) *maparg()* |
4155 When {dict} is omitted or zero: Return the rhs of mapping | |
4156 {name} in mode {mode}. The returned String has special | |
4157 characters translated like in the output of the ":map" command | |
4158 listing. | |
4159 | |
4160 When there is no mapping for {name}, an empty String is | |
4161 returned. | |
4162 | |
4163 The {name} can have special key names, like in the ":map" | |
4164 command. | |
4165 | |
644 | 4166 {mode} can be one of these strings: |
7 | 4167 "n" Normal |
2610 | 4168 "v" Visual (including Select) |
7 | 4169 "o" Operator-pending |
4170 "i" Insert | |
4171 "c" Cmd-line | |
2610 | 4172 "s" Select |
4173 "x" Visual | |
7 | 4174 "l" langmap |language-mapping| |
4175 "" Normal, Visual and Operator-pending | |
644 | 4176 When {mode} is omitted, the modes for "" are used. |
2610 | 4177 |
782 | 4178 When {abbr} is there and it is non-zero use abbreviations |
4179 instead of mappings. | |
2610 | 4180 |
4181 When {dict} is there and it is non-zero return a dictionary | |
4182 containing all the information of the mapping with the | |
4183 following items: | |
4184 "lhs" The {lhs} of the mapping. | |
4185 "rhs" The {rhs} of the mapping as typed. | |
4186 "silent" 1 for a |:map-silent| mapping, else 0. | |
2625 | 4187 "noremap" 1 if the {rhs} of the mapping is not remappable. |
2610 | 4188 "expr" 1 for an expression mapping (|:map-<expr>|). |
4189 "buffer" 1 for a buffer local mapping (|:map-local|). | |
4190 "mode" Modes for which the mapping is defined. In | |
4191 addition to the modes mentioned above, these | |
4192 characters will be used: | |
4193 " " Normal, Visual and Operator-pending | |
4194 "!" Insert and Commandline mode | |
2642 | 4195 (|mapmode-ic|) |
2625 | 4196 "sid" The script local ID, used for <sid> mappings |
4197 (|<SID>|). | |
5555 | 4198 "nowait" Do not wait for other, longer mappings. |
4199 (|:map-<nowait>|). | |
2610 | 4200 |
7 | 4201 The mappings local to the current buffer are checked first, |
4202 then the global mappings. | |
626 | 4203 This function can be used to map a key even when it's already |
4204 mapped, and have it do the original mapping too. Sketch: > | |
4205 exe 'nnoremap <Tab> ==' . maparg('<Tab>', 'n') | |
4206 | |
7 | 4207 |
782 | 4208 mapcheck({name}[, {mode} [, {abbr}]]) *mapcheck()* |
7 | 4209 Check if there is a mapping that matches with {name} in mode |
4210 {mode}. See |maparg()| for {mode} and special names in | |
4211 {name}. | |
782 | 4212 When {abbr} is there and it is non-zero use abbreviations |
4213 instead of mappings. | |
7 | 4214 A match happens with a mapping that starts with {name} and |
4215 with a mapping which is equal to the start of {name}. | |
4216 | |
1621 | 4217 matches mapping "a" "ab" "abc" ~ |
7 | 4218 mapcheck("a") yes yes yes |
4219 mapcheck("abc") yes yes yes | |
4220 mapcheck("ax") yes no no | |
4221 mapcheck("b") no no no | |
4222 | |
4223 The difference with maparg() is that mapcheck() finds a | |
4224 mapping that matches with {name}, while maparg() only finds a | |
4225 mapping for {name} exactly. | |
4226 When there is no mapping that starts with {name}, an empty | |
4227 String is returned. If there is one, the rhs of that mapping | |
4228 is returned. If there are several mappings that start with | |
4229 {name}, the rhs of one of them is returned. | |
4230 The mappings local to the current buffer are checked first, | |
4231 then the global mappings. | |
4232 This function can be used to check if a mapping can be added | |
4233 without being ambiguous. Example: > | |
4234 :if mapcheck("_vv") == "" | |
4235 : map _vv :set guifont=7x13<CR> | |
4236 :endif | |
4237 < This avoids adding the "_vv" mapping when there already is a | |
4238 mapping for "_v" or for "_vvv". | |
4239 | |
19 | 4240 match({expr}, {pat}[, {start}[, {count}]]) *match()* |
685 | 4241 When {expr} is a |List| then this returns the index of the |
4242 first item where {pat} matches. Each item is used as a | |
692 | 4243 String, |Lists| and |Dictionaries| are used as echoed. |
1621 | 4244 Otherwise, {expr} is used as a String. The result is a |
95 | 4245 Number, which gives the index (byte offset) in {expr} where |
4246 {pat} matches. | |
685 | 4247 A match at the first character or |List| item returns zero. |
19 | 4248 If there is no match -1 is returned. |
2833 | 4249 For getting submatches see |matchlist()|. |
19 | 4250 Example: > |
95 | 4251 :echo match("testing", "ing") " results in 4 |
714 | 4252 :echo match([1, 'x'], '\a') " results in 1 |
95 | 4253 < See |string-match| for how {pat} is used. |
170 | 4254 *strpbrk()* |
1621 | 4255 Vim doesn't have a strpbrk() function. But you can do: > |
170 | 4256 :let sepidx = match(line, '[.,;: \t]') |
4257 < *strcasestr()* | |
4258 Vim doesn't have a strcasestr() function. But you can add | |
4259 "\c" to the pattern to ignore case: > | |
4260 :let idx = match(haystack, '\cneedle') | |
4261 < | |
95 | 4262 If {start} is given, the search starts from byte index |
685 | 4263 {start} in a String or item {start} in a |List|. |
7 | 4264 The result, however, is still the index counted from the |
236 | 4265 first character/item. Example: > |
7 | 4266 :echo match("testing", "ing", 2) |
4267 < result is again "4". > | |
4268 :echo match("testing", "ing", 4) | |
4269 < result is again "4". > | |
4270 :echo match("testing", "t", 2) | |
4271 < result is "3". | |
694 | 4272 For a String, if {start} > 0 then it is like the string starts |
703 | 4273 {start} bytes later, thus "^" will match at {start}. Except |
4274 when {count} is given, then it's like matches before the | |
4275 {start} byte are ignored (this is a bit complicated to keep it | |
4276 backwards compatible). | |
95 | 4277 For a String, if {start} < 0, it will be set to 0. For a list |
4278 the index is counted from the end. | |
697 | 4279 If {start} is out of range ({start} > strlen({expr}) for a |
4280 String or {start} > len({expr}) for a |List|) -1 is returned. | |
95 | 4281 |
694 | 4282 When {count} is given use the {count}'th match. When a match |
697 | 4283 is found in a String the search for the next one starts one |
694 | 4284 character further. Thus this example results in 1: > |
4285 echo match("testing", "..", 0, 2) | |
4286 < In a |List| the search continues in the next item. | |
703 | 4287 Note that when {count} is added the way {start} works changes, |
4288 see above. | |
694 | 4289 |
7 | 4290 See |pattern| for the patterns that are accepted. |
4291 The 'ignorecase' option is used to set the ignore-caseness of | |
1621 | 4292 the pattern. 'smartcase' is NOT used. The matching is always |
7 | 4293 done like 'magic' is set and 'cpoptions' is empty. |
4294 | |
1326 | 4295 *matchadd()* *E798* *E799* *E801* |
4296 matchadd({group}, {pattern}[, {priority}[, {id}]]) | |
4297 Defines a pattern to be highlighted in the current window (a | |
4298 "match"). It will be highlighted with {group}. Returns an | |
4299 identification number (ID), which can be used to delete the | |
4300 match using |matchdelete()|. | |
5466 | 4301 Matching is case sensitive and magic, unless case sensitivity |
4302 or magicness are explicitly overridden in {pattern}. The | |
4303 'magic', 'smartcase' and 'ignorecase' options are not used. | |
1326 | 4304 |
4305 The optional {priority} argument assigns a priority to the | |
1621 | 4306 match. A match with a high priority will have its |
1326 | 4307 highlighting overrule that of a match with a lower priority. |
4308 A priority is specified as an integer (negative numbers are no | |
4309 exception). If the {priority} argument is not specified, the | |
4310 default priority is 10. The priority of 'hlsearch' is zero, | |
4311 hence all matches with a priority greater than zero will | |
4312 overrule it. Syntax highlighting (see 'syntax') is a separate | |
4313 mechanism, and regardless of the chosen priority a match will | |
4314 always overrule syntax highlighting. | |
4315 | |
4316 The optional {id} argument allows the request for a specific | |
4317 match ID. If a specified ID is already taken, an error | |
4318 message will appear and the match will not be added. An ID | |
4319 is specified as a positive integer (zero excluded). IDs 1, 2 | |
4320 and 3 are reserved for |:match|, |:2match| and |:3match|, | |
4321 respectively. If the {id} argument is not specified, | |
4322 |matchadd()| automatically chooses a free ID. | |
4323 | |
4324 The number of matches is not limited, as it is the case with | |
4325 the |:match| commands. | |
4326 | |
4327 Example: > | |
4328 :highlight MyGroup ctermbg=green guibg=green | |
4329 :let m = matchadd("MyGroup", "TODO") | |
4330 < Deletion of the pattern: > | |
4331 :call matchdelete(m) | |
4332 | |
4333 < A list of matches defined by |matchadd()| and |:match| are | |
1621 | 4334 available from |getmatches()|. All matches can be deleted in |
1326 | 4335 one operation by |clearmatches()|. |
819 | 4336 |
4337 matcharg({nr}) *matcharg()* | |
856 | 4338 Selects the {nr} match item, as set with a |:match|, |
819 | 4339 |:2match| or |:3match| command. |
4340 Return a |List| with two elements: | |
4341 The name of the highlight group used | |
4342 The pattern used. | |
4343 When {nr} is not 1, 2 or 3 returns an empty |List|. | |
4344 When there is no match item set returns ['', '']. | |
1326 | 4345 This is useful to save and restore a |:match|. |
4346 Highlighting matches using the |:match| commands are limited | |
4347 to three matches. |matchadd()| does not have this limitation. | |
4348 | |
4349 matchdelete({id}) *matchdelete()* *E802* *E803* | |
4350 Deletes a match with ID {id} previously defined by |matchadd()| | |
1621 | 4351 or one of the |:match| commands. Returns 0 if successful, |
1326 | 4352 otherwise -1. See example for |matchadd()|. All matches can |
4353 be deleted in one operation by |clearmatches()|. | |
819 | 4354 |
19 | 4355 matchend({expr}, {pat}[, {start}[, {count}]]) *matchend()* |
2033
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4356 Same as |match()|, but return the index of first character |
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4357 after the match. Example: > |
7 | 4358 :echo matchend("testing", "ing") |
4359 < results in "7". | |
170 | 4360 *strspn()* *strcspn()* |
4361 Vim doesn't have a strspn() or strcspn() function, but you can | |
4362 do it with matchend(): > | |
4363 :let span = matchend(line, '[a-zA-Z]') | |
4364 :let span = matchend(line, '[^a-zA-Z]') | |
4365 < Except that -1 is returned when there are no matches. | |
4366 | |
2033
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4367 The {start}, if given, has the same meaning as for |match()|. > |
7 | 4368 :echo matchend("testing", "ing", 2) |
4369 < results in "7". > | |
4370 :echo matchend("testing", "ing", 5) | |
4371 < result is "-1". | |
2033
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4372 When {expr} is a |List| the result is equal to |match()|. |
7 | 4373 |
158 | 4374 matchlist({expr}, {pat}[, {start}[, {count}]]) *matchlist()* |
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4375 Same as |match()|, but return a |List|. The first item in the |
158 | 4376 list is the matched string, same as what matchstr() would |
4377 return. Following items are submatches, like "\1", "\2", etc. | |
842 | 4378 in |:substitute|. When an optional submatch didn't match an |
4379 empty string is used. Example: > | |
4380 echo matchlist('acd', '\(a\)\?\(b\)\?\(c\)\?\(.*\)') | |
4381 < Results in: ['acd', 'a', '', 'c', 'd', '', '', '', '', ''] | |
158 | 4382 When there is no match an empty list is returned. |
4383 | |
19 | 4384 matchstr({expr}, {pat}[, {start}[, {count}]]) *matchstr()* |
1621 | 4385 Same as |match()|, but return the matched string. Example: > |
7 | 4386 :echo matchstr("testing", "ing") |
4387 < results in "ing". | |
4388 When there is no match "" is returned. | |
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4389 The {start}, if given, has the same meaning as for |match()|. > |
7 | 4390 :echo matchstr("testing", "ing", 2) |
4391 < results in "ing". > | |
4392 :echo matchstr("testing", "ing", 5) | |
4393 < result is "". | |
685 | 4394 When {expr} is a |List| then the matching item is returned. |
95 | 4395 The type isn't changed, it's not necessarily a String. |
7 | 4396 |
87 | 4397 *max()* |
4398 max({list}) Return the maximum value of all items in {list}. | |
4399 If {list} is not a list or one of the items in {list} cannot | |
4400 be used as a Number this results in an error. | |
685 | 4401 An empty |List| results in zero. |
87 | 4402 |
4403 *min()* | |
1215 | 4404 min({list}) Return the minimum value of all items in {list}. |
87 | 4405 If {list} is not a list or one of the items in {list} cannot |
4406 be used as a Number this results in an error. | |
685 | 4407 An empty |List| results in zero. |
87 | 4408 |
843 | 4409 *mkdir()* *E739* |
168 | 4410 mkdir({name} [, {path} [, {prot}]]) |
4411 Create directory {name}. | |
4412 If {path} is "p" then intermediate directories are created as | |
4413 necessary. Otherwise it must be "". | |
4414 If {prot} is given it is used to set the protection bits of | |
4415 the new directory. The default is 0755 (rwxr-xr-x: r/w for | |
1621 | 4416 the user readable for others). Use 0700 to make it unreadable |
1702 | 4417 for others. This is only used for the last part of {name}. |
4418 Thus if you create /tmp/foo/bar then /tmp/foo will be created | |
4419 with 0755. | |
4420 Example: > | |
4421 :call mkdir($HOME . "/tmp/foo/bar", "p", 0700) | |
4422 < This function is not available in the |sandbox|. | |
168 | 4423 Not available on all systems. To check use: > |
4424 :if exists("*mkdir") | |
4425 < | |
7 | 4426 *mode()* |
1621 | 4427 mode([expr]) Return a string that indicates the current mode. |
1661 | 4428 If [expr] is supplied and it evaluates to a non-zero Number or |
4429 a non-empty String (|non-zero-arg|), then the full mode is | |
4430 returned, otherwise only the first letter is returned. Note | |
4431 that " " and "0" are also non-empty strings. | |
1621 | 4432 |
7 | 4433 n Normal |
1621 | 4434 no Operator-pending |
7 | 4435 v Visual by character |
4436 V Visual by line | |
4437 CTRL-V Visual blockwise | |
4438 s Select by character | |
4439 S Select by line | |
4440 CTRL-S Select blockwise | |
4441 i Insert | |
1621 | 4442 R Replace |R| |
4443 Rv Virtual Replace |gR| | |
7 | 4444 c Command-line |
1621 | 4445 cv Vim Ex mode |gQ| |
4446 ce Normal Ex mode |Q| | |
7 | 4447 r Hit-enter prompt |
1621 | 4448 rm The -- more -- prompt |
4449 r? A |:confirm| query of some sort | |
4450 ! Shell or external command is executing | |
4451 This is useful in the 'statusline' option or when used | |
4452 with |remote_expr()| In most other places it always returns | |
4453 "c" or "n". | |
4454 Also see |visualmode()|. | |
7 | 4455 |
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4456 mzeval({expr}) *mzeval()* |
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4457 Evaluate MzScheme expression {expr} and return its result |
3492 | 4458 converted to Vim data structures. |
2050
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4459 Numbers and strings are returned as they are. |
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4460 Pairs (including lists and improper lists) and vectors are |
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4461 returned as Vim |Lists|. |
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4462 Hash tables are represented as Vim |Dictionary| type with keys |
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4463 converted to strings. |
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4464 All other types are converted to string with display function. |
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4465 Examples: > |
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4466 :mz (define l (list 1 2 3)) |
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4467 :mz (define h (make-hash)) (hash-set! h "list" l) |
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4468 :echo mzeval("l") |
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4469 :echo mzeval("h") |
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4470 < |
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4471 {only available when compiled with the |+mzscheme| feature} |
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4472 |
7 | 4473 nextnonblank({lnum}) *nextnonblank()* |
4474 Return the line number of the first line at or below {lnum} | |
4475 that is not blank. Example: > | |
4476 if getline(nextnonblank(1)) =~ "Java" | |
4477 < When {lnum} is invalid or there is no non-blank line at or | |
4478 below it, zero is returned. | |
4479 See also |prevnonblank()|. | |
4480 | |
4051 | 4481 nr2char({expr}[, {utf8}]) *nr2char()* |
7 | 4482 Return a string with a single character, which has the number |
4483 value {expr}. Examples: > | |
4484 nr2char(64) returns "@" | |
4485 nr2char(32) returns " " | |
4051 | 4486 < When {utf8} is omitted or zero, the current 'encoding' is used. |
4487 Example for "utf-8": > | |
7 | 4488 nr2char(300) returns I with bow character |
4051 | 4489 < With {utf8} set to 1, always return utf-8 characters. |
4490 Note that a NUL character in the file is specified with | |
7 | 4491 nr2char(10), because NULs are represented with newline |
4492 characters. nr2char(0) is a real NUL and terminates the | |
119 | 4493 string, thus results in an empty string. |
7 | 4494 |
1548 | 4495 *getpid()* |
4496 getpid() Return a Number which is the process ID of the Vim process. | |
1621 | 4497 On Unix and MS-Windows this is a unique number, until Vim |
4498 exits. On MS-DOS it's always zero. | |
1548 | 4499 |
703 | 4500 *getpos()* |
707 | 4501 getpos({expr}) Get the position for {expr}. For possible values of {expr} |
4502 see |line()|. | |
5938 | 4503 The result is a |List| with four or five numbers: |
707 | 4504 [bufnum, lnum, col, off] |
5938 | 4505 [bufnum, lnum, col, off, curswant] |
707 | 4506 "bufnum" is zero, unless a mark like '0 or 'A is used, then it |
4507 is the buffer number of the mark. | |
4508 "lnum" and "col" are the position in the buffer. The first | |
4509 column is 1. | |
703 | 4510 The "off" number is zero, unless 'virtualedit' is used. Then |
4511 it is the offset in screen columns from the start of the | |
1266 | 4512 character. E.g., a position within a <Tab> or after the last |
703 | 4513 character. |
5938 | 4514 The "curswant" number is only added for getpos('.'), it is the |
4515 preferred column when moving the cursor vertically. | |
5555 | 4516 Note that for '< and '> Visual mode matters: when it is "V" |
4517 (visual line mode) the column of '< is zero and the column of | |
4518 '> is a large number. | |
703 | 4519 This can be used to save and restore the cursor position: > |
4520 let save_cursor = getpos(".") | |
4521 MoveTheCursorAround | |
798 | 4522 call setpos('.', save_cursor) |
707 | 4523 < Also see |setpos()|. |
703 | 4524 |
3214 | 4525 or({expr}, {expr}) *or()* |
4526 Bitwise OR on the two arguments. The arguments are converted | |
4527 to a number. A List, Dict or Float argument causes an error. | |
4528 Example: > | |
4529 :let bits = or(bits, 0x80) | |
4530 | |
4531 | |
819 | 4532 pathshorten({expr}) *pathshorten()* |
4533 Shorten directory names in the path {expr} and return the | |
4534 result. The tail, the file name, is kept as-is. The other | |
4535 components in the path are reduced to single letters. Leading | |
4536 '~' and '.' characters are kept. Example: > | |
4537 :echo pathshorten('~/.vim/autoload/myfile.vim') | |
4538 < ~/.v/a/myfile.vim ~ | |
4539 It doesn't matter if the path exists or not. | |
4540 | |
1621 | 4541 pow({x}, {y}) *pow()* |
4542 Return the power of {x} to the exponent {y} as a |Float|. | |
4543 {x} and {y} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|. | |
4544 Examples: > | |
4545 :echo pow(3, 3) | |
4546 < 27.0 > | |
4547 :echo pow(2, 16) | |
4548 < 65536.0 > | |
4549 :echo pow(32, 0.20) | |
4550 < 2.0 | |
4551 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} | |
4552 | |
667 | 4553 prevnonblank({lnum}) *prevnonblank()* |
4554 Return the line number of the first line at or above {lnum} | |
4555 that is not blank. Example: > | |
4556 let ind = indent(prevnonblank(v:lnum - 1)) | |
4557 < When {lnum} is invalid or there is no non-blank line at or | |
4558 above it, zero is returned. | |
4559 Also see |nextnonblank()|. | |
4560 | |
4561 | |
449 | 4562 printf({fmt}, {expr1} ...) *printf()* |
4563 Return a String with {fmt}, where "%" items are replaced by | |
4564 the formatted form of their respective arguments. Example: > | |
452 | 4565 printf("%4d: E%d %.30s", lnum, errno, msg) |
449 | 4566 < May result in: |
452 | 4567 " 99: E42 asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdfas" ~ |
449 | 4568 |
4569 Often used items are: | |
856 | 4570 %s string |
3914 | 4571 %6S string right-aligned in 6 display cells |
653 | 4572 %6s string right-aligned in 6 bytes |
1621 | 4573 %.9s string truncated to 9 bytes |
4574 %c single byte | |
4575 %d decimal number | |
4576 %5d decimal number padded with spaces to 5 characters | |
4577 %x hex number | |
4578 %04x hex number padded with zeros to at least 4 characters | |
4579 %X hex number using upper case letters | |
4580 %o octal number | |
4581 %f floating point number in the form 123.456 | |
4582 %e floating point number in the form 1.234e3 | |
4583 %E floating point number in the form 1.234E3 | |
4584 %g floating point number, as %f or %e depending on value | |
4585 %G floating point number, as %f or %E depending on value | |
4586 %% the % character itself | |
449 | 4587 |
4588 Conversion specifications start with '%' and end with the | |
4589 conversion type. All other characters are copied unchanged to | |
4590 the result. | |
4591 | |
4592 The "%" starts a conversion specification. The following | |
452 | 4593 arguments appear in sequence: |
4594 | |
4595 % [flags] [field-width] [.precision] type | |
4596 | |
856 | 4597 flags |
452 | 4598 Zero or more of the following flags: |
4599 | |
449 | 4600 # The value should be converted to an "alternate |
4601 form". For c, d, and s conversions, this option | |
4602 has no effect. For o conversions, the precision | |
4603 of the number is increased to force the first | |
4604 character of the output string to a zero (except | |
4605 if a zero value is printed with an explicit | |
4606 precision of zero). | |
4607 For x and X conversions, a non-zero result has | |
4608 the string "0x" (or "0X" for X conversions) | |
4609 prepended to it. | |
452 | 4610 |
449 | 4611 0 (zero) Zero padding. For all conversions the converted |
4612 value is padded on the left with zeros rather | |
4613 than blanks. If a precision is given with a | |
4614 numeric conversion (d, o, x, and X), the 0 flag | |
4615 is ignored. | |
452 | 4616 |
449 | 4617 - A negative field width flag; the converted value |
4618 is to be left adjusted on the field boundary. | |
4619 The converted value is padded on the right with | |
4620 blanks, rather than on the left with blanks or | |
4621 zeros. A - overrides a 0 if both are given. | |
452 | 4622 |
449 | 4623 ' ' (space) A blank should be left before a positive |
4624 number produced by a signed conversion (d). | |
452 | 4625 |
449 | 4626 + A sign must always be placed before a number |
1621 | 4627 produced by a signed conversion. A + overrides |
449 | 4628 a space if both are used. |
452 | 4629 |
4630 field-width | |
4631 An optional decimal digit string specifying a minimum | |
653 | 4632 field width. If the converted value has fewer bytes |
4633 than the field width, it will be padded with spaces on | |
4634 the left (or right, if the left-adjustment flag has | |
4635 been given) to fill out the field width. | |
452 | 4636 |
4637 .precision | |
4638 An optional precision, in the form of a period '.' | |
4639 followed by an optional digit string. If the digit | |
4640 string is omitted, the precision is taken as zero. | |
4641 This gives the minimum number of digits to appear for | |
4642 d, o, x, and X conversions, or the maximum number of | |
653 | 4643 bytes to be printed from a string for s conversions. |
1621 | 4644 For floating point it is the number of digits after |
4645 the decimal point. | |
452 | 4646 |
4647 type | |
4648 A character that specifies the type of conversion to | |
4649 be applied, see below. | |
4650 | |
449 | 4651 A field width or precision, or both, may be indicated by an |
4652 asterisk '*' instead of a digit string. In this case, a | |
1621 | 4653 Number argument supplies the field width or precision. A |
449 | 4654 negative field width is treated as a left adjustment flag |
4655 followed by a positive field width; a negative precision is | |
4656 treated as though it were missing. Example: > | |
452 | 4657 :echo printf("%d: %.*s", nr, width, line) |
449 | 4658 < This limits the length of the text used from "line" to |
452 | 4659 "width" bytes. |
449 | 4660 |
856 | 4661 The conversion specifiers and their meanings are: |
452 | 4662 |
1621 | 4663 *printf-d* *printf-o* *printf-x* *printf-X* |
4664 doxX The Number argument is converted to signed decimal | |
449 | 4665 (d), unsigned octal (o), or unsigned hexadecimal (x |
4666 and X) notation. The letters "abcdef" are used for | |
4667 x conversions; the letters "ABCDEF" are used for X | |
452 | 4668 conversions. |
4669 The precision, if any, gives the minimum number of | |
4670 digits that must appear; if the converted value | |
4671 requires fewer digits, it is padded on the left with | |
4672 zeros. | |
4673 In no case does a non-existent or small field width | |
4674 cause truncation of a numeric field; if the result of | |
4675 a conversion is wider than the field width, the field | |
4676 is expanded to contain the conversion result. | |
4677 | |
1621 | 4678 *printf-c* |
452 | 4679 c The Number argument is converted to a byte, and the |
4680 resulting character is written. | |
4681 | |
1621 | 4682 *printf-s* |
452 | 4683 s The text of the String argument is used. If a |
4684 precision is specified, no more bytes than the number | |
4685 specified are used. | |
3914 | 4686 S The text of the String argument is used. If a |
4687 precision is specified, no more display cells than the | |
4688 number specified are used. Without the |+multi_byte| | |
4689 feature works just like 's'. | |
452 | 4690 |
1621 | 4691 *printf-f* *E807* |
4692 f The Float argument is converted into a string of the | |
4693 form 123.456. The precision specifies the number of | |
4694 digits after the decimal point. When the precision is | |
4695 zero the decimal point is omitted. When the precision | |
4696 is not specified 6 is used. A really big number | |
4697 (out of range or dividing by zero) results in "inf". | |
4698 "0.0 / 0.0" results in "nan". | |
4699 Example: > | |
4700 echo printf("%.2f", 12.115) | |
4701 < 12.12 | |
4702 Note that roundoff depends on the system libraries. | |
4703 Use |round()| when in doubt. | |
4704 | |
4705 *printf-e* *printf-E* | |
4706 e E The Float argument is converted into a string of the | |
4707 form 1.234e+03 or 1.234E+03 when using 'E'. The | |
4708 precision specifies the number of digits after the | |
4709 decimal point, like with 'f'. | |
4710 | |
4711 *printf-g* *printf-G* | |
4712 g G The Float argument is converted like with 'f' if the | |
4713 value is between 0.001 (inclusive) and 10000000.0 | |
4714 (exclusive). Otherwise 'e' is used for 'g' and 'E' | |
4715 for 'G'. When no precision is specified superfluous | |
4716 zeroes and '+' signs are removed, except for the zero | |
4717 immediately after the decimal point. Thus 10000000.0 | |
4718 results in 1.0e7. | |
4719 | |
4720 *printf-%* | |
449 | 4721 % A '%' is written. No argument is converted. The |
4722 complete conversion specification is "%%". | |
452 | 4723 |
1668 | 4724 When a Number argument is expected a String argument is also |
4725 accepted and automatically converted. | |
4726 When a Float or String argument is expected a Number argument | |
4727 is also accepted and automatically converted. | |
4728 Any other argument type results in an error message. | |
449 | 4729 |
459 | 4730 *E766* *E767* |
449 | 4731 The number of {exprN} arguments must exactly match the number |
4732 of "%" items. If there are not sufficient or too many | |
452 | 4733 arguments an error is given. Up to 18 arguments can be used. |
449 | 4734 |
4735 | |
667 | 4736 pumvisible() *pumvisible()* |
4737 Returns non-zero when the popup menu is visible, zero | |
4738 otherwise. See |ins-completion-menu|. | |
712 | 4739 This can be used to avoid some things that would remove the |
4740 popup menu. | |
7 | 4741 |
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|
4742 *E860* |
3682 | 4743 py3eval({expr}) *py3eval()* |
4744 Evaluate Python expression {expr} and return its result | |
4745 converted to Vim data structures. | |
4746 Numbers and strings are returned as they are (strings are | |
4747 copied though, unicode strings are additionally converted to | |
4748 'encoding'). | |
4749 Lists are represented as Vim |List| type. | |
4750 Dictionaries are represented as Vim |Dictionary| type with | |
4751 keys converted to strings. | |
4752 {only available when compiled with the |+python3| feature} | |
4753 | |
4754 *E858* *E859* | |
4755 pyeval({expr}) *pyeval()* | |
4756 Evaluate Python expression {expr} and return its result | |
4757 converted to Vim data structures. | |
4758 Numbers and strings are returned as they are (strings are | |
4759 copied though). | |
4760 Lists are represented as Vim |List| type. | |
3830 | 4761 Dictionaries are represented as Vim |Dictionary| type, |
4762 non-string keys result in error. | |
3682 | 4763 {only available when compiled with the |+python| feature} |
4764 | |
114 | 4765 *E726* *E727* |
99 | 4766 range({expr} [, {max} [, {stride}]]) *range()* |
685 | 4767 Returns a |List| with Numbers: |
99 | 4768 - If only {expr} is specified: [0, 1, ..., {expr} - 1] |
4769 - If {max} is specified: [{expr}, {expr} + 1, ..., {max}] | |
4770 - If {stride} is specified: [{expr}, {expr} + {stride}, ..., | |
4771 {max}] (increasing {expr} with {stride} each time, not | |
4772 producing a value past {max}). | |
336 | 4773 When the maximum is one before the start the result is an |
4774 empty list. When the maximum is more than one before the | |
4775 start this is an error. | |
99 | 4776 Examples: > |
856 | 4777 range(4) " [0, 1, 2, 3] |
99 | 4778 range(2, 4) " [2, 3, 4] |
4779 range(2, 9, 3) " [2, 5, 8] | |
856 | 4780 range(2, -2, -1) " [2, 1, 0, -1, -2] |
336 | 4781 range(0) " [] |
4782 range(2, 0) " error! | |
99 | 4783 < |
158 | 4784 *readfile()* |
168 | 4785 readfile({fname} [, {binary} [, {max}]]) |
685 | 4786 Read file {fname} and return a |List|, each line of the file |
4787 as an item. Lines broken at NL characters. Macintosh files | |
158 | 4788 separated with CR will result in a single long line (unless a |
4789 NL appears somewhere). | |
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4790 All NUL characters are replaced with a NL character. |
158 | 4791 When {binary} is equal to "b" binary mode is used: |
4792 - When the last line ends in a NL an extra empty list item is | |
4793 added. | |
4794 - No CR characters are removed. | |
4795 Otherwise: | |
4796 - CR characters that appear before a NL are removed. | |
4797 - Whether the last line ends in a NL or not does not matter. | |
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4798 - When 'encoding' is Unicode any UTF-8 byte order mark is |
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|
4799 removed from the text. |
168 | 4800 When {max} is given this specifies the maximum number of lines |
4801 to be read. Useful if you only want to check the first ten | |
4802 lines of a file: > | |
4803 :for line in readfile(fname, '', 10) | |
4804 : if line =~ 'Date' | echo line | endif | |
4805 :endfor | |
233 | 4806 < When {max} is negative -{max} lines from the end of the file |
4807 are returned, or as many as there are. | |
4808 When {max} is zero the result is an empty list. | |
168 | 4809 Note that without {max} the whole file is read into memory. |
4810 Also note that there is no recognition of encoding. Read a | |
4811 file into a buffer if you need to. | |
158 | 4812 When the file can't be opened an error message is given and |
4813 the result is an empty list. | |
4814 Also see |writefile()|. | |
4815 | |
794 | 4816 reltime([{start} [, {end}]]) *reltime()* |
4817 Return an item that represents a time value. The format of | |
4818 the item depends on the system. It can be passed to | |
4819 |reltimestr()| to convert it to a string. | |
4820 Without an argument it returns the current time. | |
4821 With one argument is returns the time passed since the time | |
4822 specified in the argument. | |
843 | 4823 With two arguments it returns the time passed between {start} |
794 | 4824 and {end}. |
4825 The {start} and {end} arguments must be values returned by | |
4826 reltime(). | |
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|
4827 {only available when compiled with the |+reltime| feature} |
794 | 4828 |
4829 reltimestr({time}) *reltimestr()* | |
4830 Return a String that represents the time value of {time}. | |
4831 This is the number of seconds, a dot and the number of | |
4832 microseconds. Example: > | |
4833 let start = reltime() | |
4834 call MyFunction() | |
4835 echo reltimestr(reltime(start)) | |
4836 < Note that overhead for the commands will be added to the time. | |
4837 The accuracy depends on the system. | |
1156 | 4838 Leading spaces are used to make the string align nicely. You |
4839 can use split() to remove it. > | |
4840 echo split(reltimestr(reltime(start)))[0] | |
4841 < Also see |profiling|. | |
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|
4842 {only available when compiled with the |+reltime| feature} |
794 | 4843 |
7 | 4844 *remote_expr()* *E449* |
4845 remote_expr({server}, {string} [, {idvar}]) | |
1621 | 4846 Send the {string} to {server}. The string is sent as an |
7 | 4847 expression and the result is returned after evaluation. |
714 | 4848 The result must be a String or a |List|. A |List| is turned |
4849 into a String by joining the items with a line break in | |
4850 between (not at the end), like with join(expr, "\n"). | |
7 | 4851 If {idvar} is present, it is taken as the name of a |
4852 variable and a {serverid} for later use with | |
4853 remote_read() is stored there. | |
4854 See also |clientserver| |RemoteReply|. | |
4855 This function is not available in the |sandbox|. | |
4856 {only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature} | |
4857 Note: Any errors will cause a local error message to be issued | |
4858 and the result will be the empty string. | |
4859 Examples: > | |
4860 :echo remote_expr("gvim", "2+2") | |
4861 :echo remote_expr("gvim1", "b:current_syntax") | |
4862 < | |
4863 | |
4864 remote_foreground({server}) *remote_foreground()* | |
4865 Move the Vim server with the name {server} to the foreground. | |
4866 This works like: > | |
4867 remote_expr({server}, "foreground()") | |
4868 < Except that on Win32 systems the client does the work, to work | |
4869 around the problem that the OS doesn't always allow the server | |
4870 to bring itself to the foreground. | |
574 | 4871 Note: This does not restore the window if it was minimized, |
4872 like foreground() does. | |
7 | 4873 This function is not available in the |sandbox|. |
4874 {only in the Win32, Athena, Motif and GTK GUI versions and the | |
4875 Win32 console version} | |
4876 | |
4877 | |
4878 remote_peek({serverid} [, {retvar}]) *remote_peek()* | |
4879 Returns a positive number if there are available strings | |
4880 from {serverid}. Copies any reply string into the variable | |
1621 | 4881 {retvar} if specified. {retvar} must be a string with the |
7 | 4882 name of a variable. |
4883 Returns zero if none are available. | |
4884 Returns -1 if something is wrong. | |
4885 See also |clientserver|. | |
4886 This function is not available in the |sandbox|. | |
4887 {only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature} | |
4888 Examples: > | |
4889 :let repl = "" | |
4890 :echo "PEEK: ".remote_peek(id, "repl").": ".repl | |
4891 | |
4892 remote_read({serverid}) *remote_read()* | |
4893 Return the oldest available reply from {serverid} and consume | |
4894 it. It blocks until a reply is available. | |
4895 See also |clientserver|. | |
4896 This function is not available in the |sandbox|. | |
4897 {only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature} | |
4898 Example: > | |
4899 :echo remote_read(id) | |
4900 < | |
4901 *remote_send()* *E241* | |
4902 remote_send({server}, {string} [, {idvar}]) | |
1621 | 4903 Send the {string} to {server}. The string is sent as input |
22 | 4904 keys and the function returns immediately. At the Vim server |
4905 the keys are not mapped |:map|. | |
667 | 4906 If {idvar} is present, it is taken as the name of a variable |
4907 and a {serverid} for later use with remote_read() is stored | |
4908 there. | |
7 | 4909 See also |clientserver| |RemoteReply|. |
4910 This function is not available in the |sandbox|. | |
4911 {only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature} | |
4912 Note: Any errors will be reported in the server and may mess | |
4913 up the display. | |
4914 Examples: > | |
4915 :echo remote_send("gvim", ":DropAndReply ".file, "serverid"). | |
4916 \ remote_read(serverid) | |
4917 | |
4918 :autocmd NONE RemoteReply * | |
4919 \ echo remote_read(expand("<amatch>")) | |
4920 :echo remote_send("gvim", ":sleep 10 | echo ". | |
4921 \ 'server2client(expand("<client>"), "HELLO")<CR>') | |
82 | 4922 < |
79 | 4923 remove({list}, {idx} [, {end}]) *remove()* |
685 | 4924 Without {end}: Remove the item at {idx} from |List| {list} and |
2033
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1998
diff
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|
4925 return the item. |
79 | 4926 With {end}: Remove items from {idx} to {end} (inclusive) and |
2033
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diff
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4927 return a List with these items. When {idx} points to the same |
79 | 4928 item as {end} a list with one item is returned. When {end} |
4929 points to an item before {idx} this is an error. | |
4930 See |list-index| for possible values of {idx} and {end}. | |
55 | 4931 Example: > |
4932 :echo "last item: " . remove(mylist, -1) | |
79 | 4933 :call remove(mylist, 0, 9) |
99 | 4934 remove({dict}, {key}) |
4935 Remove the entry from {dict} with key {key}. Example: > | |
4936 :echo "removed " . remove(dict, "one") | |
4937 < If there is no {key} in {dict} this is an error. | |
4938 | |
4939 Use |delete()| to remove a file. | |
55 | 4940 |
7 | 4941 rename({from}, {to}) *rename()* |
4942 Rename the file by the name {from} to the name {to}. This | |
4943 should also work to move files across file systems. The | |
4944 result is a Number, which is 0 if the file was renamed | |
4945 successfully, and non-zero when the renaming failed. | |
1851 | 4946 NOTE: If {to} exists it is overwritten without warning. |
7 | 4947 This function is not available in the |sandbox|. |
4948 | |
18 | 4949 repeat({expr}, {count}) *repeat()* |
4950 Repeat {expr} {count} times and return the concatenated | |
4951 result. Example: > | |
843 | 4952 :let separator = repeat('-', 80) |
18 | 4953 < When {count} is zero or negative the result is empty. |
685 | 4954 When {expr} is a |List| the result is {expr} concatenated |
1621 | 4955 {count} times. Example: > |
79 | 4956 :let longlist = repeat(['a', 'b'], 3) |
4957 < Results in ['a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b']. | |
18 | 4958 |
82 | 4959 |
7 | 4960 resolve({filename}) *resolve()* *E655* |
4961 On MS-Windows, when {filename} is a shortcut (a .lnk file), | |
4962 returns the path the shortcut points to in a simplified form. | |
4963 On Unix, repeat resolving symbolic links in all path | |
4964 components of {filename} and return the simplified result. | |
4965 To cope with link cycles, resolving of symbolic links is | |
4966 stopped after 100 iterations. | |
4967 On other systems, return the simplified {filename}. | |
4968 The simplification step is done as by |simplify()|. | |
4969 resolve() keeps a leading path component specifying the | |
4970 current directory (provided the result is still a relative | |
4971 path name) and also keeps a trailing path separator. | |
4972 | |
82 | 4973 *reverse()* |
1621 | 4974 reverse({list}) Reverse the order of items in {list} in-place. Returns |
82 | 4975 {list}. |
4976 If you want a list to remain unmodified make a copy first: > | |
4977 :let revlist = reverse(copy(mylist)) | |
4978 | |
1621 | 4979 round({expr}) *round()* |
1668 | 4980 Round off {expr} to the nearest integral value and return it |
1621 | 4981 as a |Float|. If {expr} lies halfway between two integral |
4982 values, then use the larger one (away from zero). | |
4983 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|. | |
4984 Examples: > | |
4985 echo round(0.456) | |
4986 < 0.0 > | |
4987 echo round(4.5) | |
4988 < 5.0 > | |
4989 echo round(-4.5) | |
4990 < -5.0 | |
4991 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} | |
3996 | 4992 |
4835
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|
4993 screenattr(row, col) *screenattr()* |
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|
4994 Like screenchar(), but return the attribute. This is a rather |
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|
4995 arbitrary number that can only be used to compare to the |
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|
4996 attribute at other positions. |
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|
4997 |
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|
4998 screenchar(row, col) *screenchar()* |
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|
4999 The result is a Number, which is the character at position |
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|
5000 [row, col] on the screen. This works for every possible |
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|
5001 screen position, also status lines, window separators and the |
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|
5002 command line. The top left position is row one, column one |
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|
5003 The character excludes composing characters. For double-byte |
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|
5004 encodings it may only be the first byte. |
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5005 This is mainly to be used for testing. |
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5006 Returns -1 when row or col is out of range. |
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5007 |
3996 | 5008 screencol() *screencol()* |
5009 The result is a Number, which is the current screen column of | |
5010 the cursor. The leftmost column has number 1. | |
5011 This function is mainly used for testing. | |
5012 | |
5013 Note: Always returns the current screen column, thus if used | |
5014 in a command (e.g. ":echo screencol()") it will return the | |
5015 column inside the command line, which is 1 when the command is | |
5016 executed. To get the cursor position in the file use one of | |
5017 the following mappings: > | |
5018 nnoremap <expr> GG ":echom ".screencol()."\n" | |
5019 nnoremap <silent> GG :echom screencol()<CR> | |
5020 < | |
5021 screenrow() *screenrow()* | |
5022 The result is a Number, which is the current screen row of the | |
5023 cursor. The top line has number one. | |
5024 This function is mainly used for testing. | |
5025 | |
5026 Note: Same restrictions as with |screencol()|. | |
5027 | |
1496 | 5028 search({pattern} [, {flags} [, {stopline} [, {timeout}]]]) *search()* |
7 | 5029 Search for regexp pattern {pattern}. The search starts at the |
119 | 5030 cursor position (you can use |cursor()| to set it). |
707 | 5031 |
3967 | 5032 When a match has been found its line number is returned. |
3312 | 5033 If there is no match a 0 is returned and the cursor doesn't |
5034 move. No error message is given. | |
5035 | |
7 | 5036 {flags} is a String, which can contain these character flags: |
5037 'b' search backward instead of forward | |
1621 | 5038 'c' accept a match at the cursor position |
712 | 5039 'e' move to the End of the match |
20 | 5040 'n' do Not move the cursor |
712 | 5041 'p' return number of matching sub-pattern (see below) |
5042 's' set the ' mark at the previous location of the cursor | |
7 | 5043 'w' wrap around the end of the file |
5044 'W' don't wrap around the end of the file | |
5045 If neither 'w' or 'W' is given, the 'wrapscan' option applies. | |
5046 | |
444 | 5047 If the 's' flag is supplied, the ' mark is set, only if the |
5048 cursor is moved. The 's' flag cannot be combined with the 'n' | |
5049 flag. | |
5050 | |
1156 | 5051 'ignorecase', 'smartcase' and 'magic' are used. |
5052 | |
692 | 5053 When the {stopline} argument is given then the search stops |
5054 after searching this line. This is useful to restrict the | |
5055 search to a range of lines. Examples: > | |
5056 let match = search('(', 'b', line("w0")) | |
5057 let end = search('END', '', line("w$")) | |
5058 < When {stopline} is used and it is not zero this also implies | |
5059 that the search does not wrap around the end of the file. | |
1496 | 5060 A zero value is equal to not giving the argument. |
5061 | |
5062 When the {timeout} argument is given the search stops when | |
3513 | 5063 more than this many milliseconds have passed. Thus when |
1496 | 5064 {timeout} is 500 the search stops after half a second. |
5065 The value must not be negative. A zero value is like not | |
5066 giving the argument. | |
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5067 {only available when compiled with the |+reltime| feature} |
692 | 5068 |
714 | 5069 *search()-sub-match* |
5070 With the 'p' flag the returned value is one more than the | |
5071 first sub-match in \(\). One if none of them matched but the | |
5072 whole pattern did match. | |
712 | 5073 To get the column number too use |searchpos()|. |
5074 | |
20 | 5075 The cursor will be positioned at the match, unless the 'n' |
707 | 5076 flag is used. |
7 | 5077 |
5078 Example (goes over all files in the argument list): > | |
5079 :let n = 1 | |
5080 :while n <= argc() " loop over all files in arglist | |
5081 : exe "argument " . n | |
5082 : " start at the last char in the file and wrap for the | |
5083 : " first search to find match at start of file | |
5084 : normal G$ | |
5085 : let flags = "w" | |
5086 : while search("foo", flags) > 0 | |
1621 | 5087 : s/foo/bar/g |
7 | 5088 : let flags = "W" |
5089 : endwhile | |
5090 : update " write the file if modified | |
5091 : let n = n + 1 | |
5092 :endwhile | |
5093 < | |
712 | 5094 Example for using some flags: > |
5095 :echo search('\<if\|\(else\)\|\(endif\)', 'ncpe') | |
5096 < This will search for the keywords "if", "else", and "endif" | |
5097 under or after the cursor. Because of the 'p' flag, it | |
5098 returns 1, 2, or 3 depending on which keyword is found, or 0 | |
5099 if the search fails. With the cursor on the first word of the | |
5100 line: | |
5101 if (foo == 0) | let foo = foo + 1 | endif ~ | |
5102 the function returns 1. Without the 'c' flag, the function | |
5103 finds the "endif" and returns 3. The same thing happens | |
5104 without the 'e' flag if the cursor is on the "f" of "if". | |
5105 The 'n' flag tells the function not to move the cursor. | |
5106 | |
504 | 5107 |
523 | 5108 searchdecl({name} [, {global} [, {thisblock}]]) *searchdecl()* |
5109 Search for the declaration of {name}. | |
856 | 5110 |
523 | 5111 With a non-zero {global} argument it works like |gD|, find |
5112 first match in the file. Otherwise it works like |gd|, find | |
5113 first match in the function. | |
5114 | |
5115 With a non-zero {thisblock} argument matches in a {} block | |
5116 that ends before the cursor position are ignored. Avoids | |
5117 finding variable declarations only valid in another scope. | |
5118 | |
504 | 5119 Moves the cursor to the found match. |
5120 Returns zero for success, non-zero for failure. | |
5121 Example: > | |
5122 if searchdecl('myvar') == 0 | |
5123 echo getline('.') | |
5124 endif | |
5125 < | |
7 | 5126 *searchpair()* |
1496 | 5127 searchpair({start}, {middle}, {end} [, {flags} [, {skip} |
5128 [, {stopline} [, {timeout}]]]]) | |
7 | 5129 Search for the match of a nested start-end pair. This can be |
5130 used to find the "endif" that matches an "if", while other | |
5131 if/endif pairs in between are ignored. | |
677 | 5132 The search starts at the cursor. The default is to search |
5133 forward, include 'b' in {flags} to search backward. | |
5134 If a match is found, the cursor is positioned at it and the | |
5135 line number is returned. If no match is found 0 or -1 is | |
5136 returned and the cursor doesn't move. No error message is | |
5137 given. | |
7 | 5138 |
5139 {start}, {middle} and {end} are patterns, see |pattern|. They | |
5140 must not contain \( \) pairs. Use of \%( \) is allowed. When | |
5141 {middle} is not empty, it is found when searching from either | |
5142 direction, but only when not in a nested start-end pair. A | |
5143 typical use is: > | |
5144 searchpair('\<if\>', '\<else\>', '\<endif\>') | |
5145 < By leaving {middle} empty the "else" is skipped. | |
5146 | |
712 | 5147 {flags} 'b', 'c', 'n', 's', 'w' and 'W' are used like with |
5148 |search()|. Additionally: | |
7 | 5149 'r' Repeat until no more matches found; will find the |
1621 | 5150 outer pair. Implies the 'W' flag. |
5151 'm' Return number of matches instead of line number with | |
712 | 5152 the match; will be > 1 when 'r' is used. |
1621 | 5153 Note: it's nearly always a good idea to use the 'W' flag, to |
5154 avoid wrapping around the end of the file. | |
7 | 5155 |
5156 When a match for {start}, {middle} or {end} is found, the | |
5157 {skip} expression is evaluated with the cursor positioned on | |
5158 the start of the match. It should return non-zero if this | |
5159 match is to be skipped. E.g., because it is inside a comment | |
5160 or a string. | |
5161 When {skip} is omitted or empty, every match is accepted. | |
5162 When evaluating {skip} causes an error the search is aborted | |
5163 and -1 returned. | |
5164 | |
1496 | 5165 For {stopline} and {timeout} see |search()|. |
692 | 5166 |
7 | 5167 The value of 'ignorecase' is used. 'magic' is ignored, the |
5168 patterns are used like it's on. | |
5169 | |
5170 The search starts exactly at the cursor. A match with | |
5171 {start}, {middle} or {end} at the next character, in the | |
5172 direction of searching, is the first one found. Example: > | |
5173 if 1 | |
5174 if 2 | |
5175 endif 2 | |
5176 endif 1 | |
5177 < When starting at the "if 2", with the cursor on the "i", and | |
5178 searching forwards, the "endif 2" is found. When starting on | |
5179 the character just before the "if 2", the "endif 1" will be | |
1621 | 5180 found. That's because the "if 2" will be found first, and |
7 | 5181 then this is considered to be a nested if/endif from "if 2" to |
5182 "endif 2". | |
5183 When searching backwards and {end} is more than one character, | |
5184 it may be useful to put "\zs" at the end of the pattern, so | |
5185 that when the cursor is inside a match with the end it finds | |
5186 the matching start. | |
5187 | |
5188 Example, to find the "endif" command in a Vim script: > | |
5189 | |
5190 :echo searchpair('\<if\>', '\<el\%[seif]\>', '\<en\%[dif]\>', 'W', | |
5191 \ 'getline(".") =~ "^\\s*\""') | |
5192 | |
5193 < The cursor must be at or after the "if" for which a match is | |
5194 to be found. Note that single-quote strings are used to avoid | |
5195 having to double the backslashes. The skip expression only | |
5196 catches comments at the start of a line, not after a command. | |
5197 Also, a word "en" or "if" halfway a line is considered a | |
5198 match. | |
5199 Another example, to search for the matching "{" of a "}": > | |
5200 | |
5201 :echo searchpair('{', '', '}', 'bW') | |
5202 | |
5203 < This works when the cursor is at or before the "}" for which a | |
5204 match is to be found. To reject matches that syntax | |
5205 highlighting recognized as strings: > | |
5206 | |
5207 :echo searchpair('{', '', '}', 'bW', | |
5208 \ 'synIDattr(synID(line("."), col("."), 0), "name") =~? "string"') | |
5209 < | |
667 | 5210 *searchpairpos()* |
1496 | 5211 searchpairpos({start}, {middle}, {end} [, {flags} [, {skip} |
5212 [, {stopline} [, {timeout}]]]]) | |
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5213 Same as |searchpair()|, but returns a |List| with the line and |
685 | 5214 column position of the match. The first element of the |List| |
5215 is the line number and the second element is the byte index of | |
667 | 5216 the column position of the match. If no match is found, |
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5217 returns [0, 0]. > |
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5218 |
667 | 5219 :let [lnum,col] = searchpairpos('{', '', '}', 'n') |
5220 < | |
5221 See |match-parens| for a bigger and more useful example. | |
5222 | |
1496 | 5223 searchpos({pattern} [, {flags} [, {stopline} [, {timeout}]]]) *searchpos()* |
692 | 5224 Same as |search()|, but returns a |List| with the line and |
685 | 5225 column position of the match. The first element of the |List| |
5226 is the line number and the second element is the byte index of | |
5227 the column position of the match. If no match is found, | |
5228 returns [0, 0]. | |
714 | 5229 Example: > |
5230 :let [lnum, col] = searchpos('mypattern', 'n') | |
5231 | |
5232 < When the 'p' flag is given then there is an extra item with | |
5233 the sub-pattern match number |search()-sub-match|. Example: > | |
5234 :let [lnum, col, submatch] = searchpos('\(\l\)\|\(\u\)', 'np') | |
5235 < In this example "submatch" is 2 when a lowercase letter is | |
5236 found |/\l|, 3 when an uppercase letter is found |/\u|. | |
5237 | |
7 | 5238 server2client( {clientid}, {string}) *server2client()* |
5239 Send a reply string to {clientid}. The most recent {clientid} | |
5240 that sent a string can be retrieved with expand("<client>"). | |
5241 {only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature} | |
5242 Note: | |
5243 This id has to be stored before the next command can be | |
236 | 5244 received. I.e. before returning from the received command and |
7 | 5245 before calling any commands that waits for input. |
5246 See also |clientserver|. | |
5247 Example: > | |
5248 :echo server2client(expand("<client>"), "HELLO") | |
5249 < | |
5250 serverlist() *serverlist()* | |
5251 Return a list of available server names, one per line. | |
5252 When there are no servers or the information is not available | |
5253 an empty string is returned. See also |clientserver|. | |
5254 {only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature} | |
5255 Example: > | |
5256 :echo serverlist() | |
5257 < | |
5258 setbufvar({expr}, {varname}, {val}) *setbufvar()* | |
5259 Set option or local variable {varname} in buffer {expr} to | |
5260 {val}. | |
5261 This also works for a global or local window option, but it | |
5262 doesn't work for a global or local window variable. | |
5263 For a local window option the global value is unchanged. | |
5264 For the use of {expr}, see |bufname()| above. | |
5265 Note that the variable name without "b:" must be used. | |
5266 Examples: > | |
5267 :call setbufvar(1, "&mod", 1) | |
5268 :call setbufvar("todo", "myvar", "foobar") | |
5269 < This function is not available in the |sandbox|. | |
5270 | |
5271 setcmdpos({pos}) *setcmdpos()* | |
5272 Set the cursor position in the command line to byte position | |
1621 | 5273 {pos}. The first position is 1. |
7 | 5274 Use |getcmdpos()| to obtain the current position. |
5275 Only works while editing the command line, thus you must use | |
99 | 5276 |c_CTRL-\_e|, |c_CTRL-R_=| or |c_CTRL-R_CTRL-R| with '='. For |
5277 |c_CTRL-\_e| and |c_CTRL-R_CTRL-R| with '=' the position is | |
5278 set after the command line is set to the expression. For | |
5279 |c_CTRL-R_=| it is set after evaluating the expression but | |
5280 before inserting the resulting text. | |
7 | 5281 When the number is too big the cursor is put at the end of the |
5282 line. A number smaller than one has undefined results. | |
5283 Returns 0 when successful, 1 when not editing the command | |
5284 line. | |
5285 | |
1621 | 5286 setline({lnum}, {text}) *setline()* |
3312 | 5287 Set line {lnum} of the current buffer to {text}. To insert |
5288 lines use |append()|. | |
236 | 5289 {lnum} is used like with |getline()|. |
1621 | 5290 When {lnum} is just below the last line the {text} will be |
282 | 5291 added as a new line. |
236 | 5292 If this succeeds, 0 is returned. If this fails (most likely |
5293 because {lnum} is invalid) 1 is returned. Example: > | |
7 | 5294 :call setline(5, strftime("%c")) |
1621 | 5295 < When {text} is a |List| then line {lnum} and following lines |
282 | 5296 will be set to the items in the list. Example: > |
5297 :call setline(5, ['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc']) | |
5298 < This is equivalent to: > | |
3465 | 5299 :for [n, l] in [[5, 'aaa'], [6, 'bbb'], [7, 'ccc']] |
282 | 5300 : call setline(n, l) |
5301 :endfor | |
7 | 5302 < Note: The '[ and '] marks are not set. |
5303 | |
647 | 5304 setloclist({nr}, {list} [, {action}]) *setloclist()* |
5305 Create or replace or add to the location list for window {nr}. | |
5306 When {nr} is zero the current window is used. For a location | |
648 | 5307 list window, the displayed location list is modified. For an |
5308 invalid window number {nr}, -1 is returned. | |
1326 | 5309 Otherwise, same as |setqflist()|. |
5310 Also see |location-list|. | |
5311 | |
5312 setmatches({list}) *setmatches()* | |
5313 Restores a list of matches saved by |getmatches()|. Returns 0 | |
1621 | 5314 if successful, otherwise -1. All current matches are cleared |
1326 | 5315 before the list is restored. See example for |getmatches()|. |
230 | 5316 |
707 | 5317 *setpos()* |
5318 setpos({expr}, {list}) | |
5319 Set the position for {expr}. Possible values: | |
5320 . the cursor | |
5321 'x mark x | |
5322 | |
5938 | 5323 {list} must be a |List| with four or five numbers: |
707 | 5324 [bufnum, lnum, col, off] |
5938 | 5325 [bufnum, lnum, col, off, curswant] |
707 | 5326 |
1621 | 5327 "bufnum" is the buffer number. Zero can be used for the |
856 | 5328 current buffer. Setting the cursor is only possible for |
707 | 5329 the current buffer. To set a mark in another buffer you can |
5330 use the |bufnr()| function to turn a file name into a buffer | |
5331 number. | |
798 | 5332 Does not change the jumplist. |
707 | 5333 |
5334 "lnum" and "col" are the position in the buffer. The first | |
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5335 column is 1. Use a zero "lnum" to delete a mark. If "col" is |
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5336 smaller than 1 then 1 is used. |
707 | 5337 |
5338 The "off" number is only used when 'virtualedit' is set. Then | |
5339 it is the offset in screen columns from the start of the | |
1266 | 5340 character. E.g., a position within a <Tab> or after the last |
707 | 5341 character. |
5342 | |
5938 | 5343 The "curswant" number is only used when setting the cursor |
5344 position. It sets the preferred column for when moving the | |
5345 cursor vertically. When the "curswant" number is missing the | |
5346 preferred column is not set. When it is present and setting a | |
5347 mark position it is not used. | |
5348 | |
5555 | 5349 Note that for '< and '> changing the line number may result in |
5350 the marks to be effectively be swapped, so that '< is always | |
5351 before '>. | |
5352 | |
1533 | 5353 Returns 0 when the position could be set, -1 otherwise. |
5354 An error message is given if {expr} is invalid. | |
5355 | |
707 | 5356 Also see |getpos()| |
5357 | |
1156 | 5358 This does not restore the preferred column for moving |
5938 | 5359 vertically; if you set the cursor position with this, |j| and |
5360 |k| motions will jump to previous columns! Use |cursor()| to | |
5361 also set the preferred column. Also see the "curswant" key in | |
5362 |winrestview()|. | |
1156 | 5363 |
707 | 5364 |
277 | 5365 setqflist({list} [, {action}]) *setqflist()* |
647 | 5366 Create or replace or add to the quickfix list using the items |
5367 in {list}. Each item in {list} is a dictionary. | |
5368 Non-dictionary items in {list} are ignored. Each dictionary | |
5369 item can contain the following entries: | |
230 | 5370 |
1065 | 5371 bufnr buffer number; must be the number of a valid |
1621 | 5372 buffer |
1065 | 5373 filename name of a file; only used when "bufnr" is not |
1621 | 5374 present or it is invalid. |
230 | 5375 lnum line number in the file |
233 | 5376 pattern search pattern used to locate the error |
230 | 5377 col column number |
233 | 5378 vcol when non-zero: "col" is visual column |
856 | 5379 when zero: "col" is byte index |
233 | 5380 nr error number |
230 | 5381 text description of the error |
233 | 5382 type single-character error type, 'E', 'W', etc. |
5383 | |
5384 The "col", "vcol", "nr", "type" and "text" entries are | |
5385 optional. Either "lnum" or "pattern" entry can be used to | |
5386 locate a matching error line. | |
1065 | 5387 If the "filename" and "bufnr" entries are not present or |
5388 neither the "lnum" or "pattern" entries are present, then the | |
5389 item will not be handled as an error line. | |
230 | 5390 If both "pattern" and "lnum" are present then "pattern" will |
5391 be used. | |
2152 | 5392 If you supply an empty {list}, the quickfix list will be |
5393 cleared. | |
1065 | 5394 Note that the list is not exactly the same as what |
5395 |getqflist()| returns. | |
230 | 5396 |
277 | 5397 If {action} is set to 'a', then the items from {list} are |
5398 added to the existing quickfix list. If there is no existing | |
5399 list, then a new list is created. If {action} is set to 'r', | |
5400 then the items from the current quickfix list are replaced | |
5401 with the items from {list}. If {action} is not present or is | |
5402 set to ' ', then a new list is created. | |
5403 | |
230 | 5404 Returns zero for success, -1 for failure. |
5405 | |
5406 This function can be used to create a quickfix list | |
5407 independent of the 'errorformat' setting. Use a command like | |
5408 ":cc 1" to jump to the first position. | |
5409 | |
5410 | |
7 | 5411 *setreg()* |
5412 setreg({regname}, {value} [,{options}]) | |
5413 Set the register {regname} to {value}. | |
5798 | 5414 {value} may be any value returned by |getreg()|, including |
5415 a |List|. | |
7 | 5416 If {options} contains "a" or {regname} is upper case, |
5417 then the value is appended. | |
2423 | 5418 {options} can also contain a register type specification: |
7 | 5419 "c" or "v" |characterwise| mode |
5420 "l" or "V" |linewise| mode | |
5421 "b" or "<CTRL-V>" |blockwise-visual| mode | |
5422 If a number immediately follows "b" or "<CTRL-V>" then this is | |
5423 used as the width of the selection - if it is not specified | |
5424 then the width of the block is set to the number of characters | |
1266 | 5425 in the longest line (counting a <Tab> as 1 character). |
7 | 5426 |
5427 If {options} contains no register settings, then the default | |
5798 | 5428 is to use character mode unless {value} ends in a <NL> for |
5429 string {value} and linewise mode for list {value}. Blockwise | |
5430 mode is never selected automatically. | |
5431 Returns zero for success, non-zero for failure. | |
5432 | |
5433 *E883* | |
5434 Note: you may not use |List| containing more then one item to | |
5435 set search and expression registers. Lists containing no | |
5436 items act like empty strings. | |
7 | 5437 |
5438 Examples: > | |
5439 :call setreg(v:register, @*) | |
5440 :call setreg('*', @%, 'ac') | |
5441 :call setreg('a', "1\n2\n3", 'b5') | |
5442 | |
5443 < This example shows using the functions to save and restore a | |
5798 | 5444 register (note: you may not reliably restore register value |
5445 without using the third argument to |getreg()| as without it | |
5446 newlines are represented as newlines AND Nul bytes are | |
5447 represented as newlines as well, see |NL-used-for-Nul|). > | |
5448 :let var_a = getreg('a', 1, 1) | |
7 | 5449 :let var_amode = getregtype('a') |
5450 .... | |
5451 :call setreg('a', var_a, var_amode) | |
5452 | |
5453 < You can also change the type of a register by appending | |
5454 nothing: > | |
5455 :call setreg('a', '', 'al') | |
5456 | |
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5457 settabvar({tabnr}, {varname}, {val}) *settabvar()* |
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5458 Set tab-local variable {varname} to {val} in tab page {tabnr}. |
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5459 |t:var| |
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5460 Note that the variable name without "t:" must be used. |
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5461 Tabs are numbered starting with one. |
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5462 This function is not available in the |sandbox|. |
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5463 |
831 | 5464 settabwinvar({tabnr}, {winnr}, {varname}, {val}) *settabwinvar()* |
5465 Set option or local variable {varname} in window {winnr} to | |
5466 {val}. | |
5467 Tabs are numbered starting with one. For the current tabpage | |
5468 use |setwinvar()|. | |
5469 When {winnr} is zero the current window is used. | |
7 | 5470 This also works for a global or local buffer option, but it |
5471 doesn't work for a global or local buffer variable. | |
5472 For a local buffer option the global value is unchanged. | |
5473 Note that the variable name without "w:" must be used. | |
831 | 5474 Examples: > |
5475 :call settabwinvar(1, 1, "&list", 0) | |
5476 :call settabwinvar(3, 2, "myvar", "foobar") | |
5477 < This function is not available in the |sandbox|. | |
5478 | |
5479 setwinvar({nr}, {varname}, {val}) *setwinvar()* | |
5480 Like |settabwinvar()| for the current tab page. | |
7 | 5481 Examples: > |
5482 :call setwinvar(1, "&list", 0) | |
5483 :call setwinvar(2, "myvar", "foobar") | |
5484 | |
4126 | 5485 sha256({string}) *sha256()* |
5486 Returns a String with 64 hex charactes, which is the SHA256 | |
5487 checksum of {string}. | |
5488 {only available when compiled with the |+cryptv| feature} | |
5489 | |
1661 | 5490 shellescape({string} [, {special}]) *shellescape()* |
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5491 Escape {string} for use as a shell command argument. |
985 | 5492 On MS-Windows and MS-DOS, when 'shellslash' is not set, it |
1661 | 5493 will enclose {string} in double quotes and double all double |
985 | 5494 quotes within {string}. |
5495 For other systems, it will enclose {string} in single quotes | |
5496 and replace all "'" with "'\''". | |
1661 | 5497 When the {special} argument is present and it's a non-zero |
5498 Number or a non-empty String (|non-zero-arg|), then special | |
1698 | 5499 items such as "!", "%", "#" and "<cword>" will be preceded by |
5500 a backslash. This backslash will be removed again by the |:!| | |
1661 | 5501 command. |
1698 | 5502 The "!" character will be escaped (again with a |non-zero-arg| |
5503 {special}) when 'shell' contains "csh" in the tail. That is | |
5504 because for csh and tcsh "!" is used for history replacement | |
5505 even when inside single quotes. | |
5506 The <NL> character is also escaped. With a |non-zero-arg| | |
5507 {special} and 'shell' containing "csh" in the tail it's | |
5508 escaped a second time. | |
1661 | 5509 Example of use with a |:!| command: > |
5510 :exe '!dir ' . shellescape(expand('<cfile>'), 1) | |
5511 < This results in a directory listing for the file under the | |
5512 cursor. Example of use with |system()|: > | |
5513 :call system("chmod +w -- " . shellescape(expand("%"))) | |
5690 | 5514 < See also |::S|. |
985 | 5515 |
5516 | |
3875 | 5517 shiftwidth() *shiftwidth()* |
5518 Returns the effective value of 'shiftwidth'. This is the | |
5519 'shiftwidth' value unless it is zero, in which case it is the | |
5520 'tabstop' value. To be backwards compatible in indent | |
5521 plugins, use this: > | |
5522 if exists('*shiftwidth') | |
5523 func s:sw() | |
5524 return shiftwidth() | |
5525 endfunc | |
5526 else | |
5527 func s:sw() | |
5528 return &sw | |
5529 endfunc | |
5530 endif | |
5531 < And then use s:sw() instead of &sw. | |
5532 | |
5533 | |
7 | 5534 simplify({filename}) *simplify()* |
5535 Simplify the file name as much as possible without changing | |
5536 the meaning. Shortcuts (on MS-Windows) or symbolic links (on | |
5537 Unix) are not resolved. If the first path component in | |
5538 {filename} designates the current directory, this will be | |
5539 valid for the result as well. A trailing path separator is | |
5540 not removed either. | |
5541 Example: > | |
5542 simplify("./dir/.././/file/") == "./file/" | |
5543 < Note: The combination "dir/.." is only removed if "dir" is | |
5544 a searchable directory or does not exist. On Unix, it is also | |
5545 removed when "dir" is a symbolic link within the same | |
5546 directory. In order to resolve all the involved symbolic | |
5547 links before simplifying the path name, use |resolve()|. | |
5548 | |
82 | 5549 |
1621 | 5550 sin({expr}) *sin()* |
5551 Return the sine of {expr}, measured in radians, as a |Float|. | |
5552 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|. | |
5553 Examples: > | |
5554 :echo sin(100) | |
5555 < -0.506366 > | |
5556 :echo sin(-4.01) | |
5557 < 0.763301 | |
5558 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} | |
5559 | |
5560 | |
2206
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
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|
5561 sinh({expr}) *sinh()* |
2337
a0f87fc19d1d
Better conceal in help. (partly by Dominique Pelle)
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parents:
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diff
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|
5562 Return the hyperbolic sine of {expr} as a |Float| in the range |
2206
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
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parents:
2154
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|
5563 [-inf, inf]. |
2337
a0f87fc19d1d
Better conceal in help. (partly by Dominique Pelle)
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parents:
2320
diff
changeset
|
5564 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|. |
2206
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5565 Examples: > |
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
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diff
changeset
|
5566 :echo sinh(0.5) |
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
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diff
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|
5567 < 0.521095 > |
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
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diff
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|
5568 :echo sinh(-0.9) |
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
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|
5569 < -1.026517 |
2570
71b56b4e7785
Make the references to features in the help more consistent. (Sylvain Hitier)
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parents:
2569
diff
changeset
|
5570 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} |
2206
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
5571 |
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
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|
5572 |
2902 | 5573 sort({list} [, {func} [, {dict}]]) *sort()* *E702* |
5747 | 5574 Sort the items in {list} in-place. Returns {list}. |
5575 | |
5576 If you want a list to remain unmodified make a copy first: > | |
82 | 5577 :let sortedlist = sort(copy(mylist)) |
5578 < Uses the string representation of each item to sort on. | |
692 | 5579 Numbers sort after Strings, |Lists| after Numbers. |
282 | 5580 For sorting text in the current buffer use |:sort|. |
5747 | 5581 |
82 | 5582 When {func} is given and it is one then case is ignored. |
685 | 5583 When {func} is a |Funcref| or a function name, this function |
5584 is called to compare items. The function is invoked with two | |
2033
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
5585 items as argument and must return zero if they are equal, 1 or |
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
5586 bigger if the first one sorts after the second one, -1 or |
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
5587 smaller if the first one sorts before the second one. |
5747 | 5588 |
5589 {dict} is for functions with the "dict" attribute. It will be | |
5590 used to set the local variable "self". |Dictionary-function| | |
5591 | |
5592 Also see |uniq()|. | |
5593 | |
2033
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
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parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
5594 Example: > |
82 | 5595 func MyCompare(i1, i2) |
5596 return a:i1 == a:i2 ? 0 : a:i1 > a:i2 ? 1 : -1 | |
5597 endfunc | |
5598 let sortedlist = sort(mylist, "MyCompare") | |
2033
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
5599 < A shorter compare version for this specific simple case, which |
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
5600 ignores overflow: > |
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
5601 func MyCompare(i1, i2) |
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
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|
5602 return a:i1 - a:i2 |
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
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|
5603 endfunc |
344 | 5604 < |
374 | 5605 *soundfold()* |
5606 soundfold({word}) | |
5607 Return the sound-folded equivalent of {word}. Uses the first | |
1621 | 5608 language in 'spelllang' for the current window that supports |
375 | 5609 soundfolding. 'spell' must be set. When no sound folding is |
5610 possible the {word} is returned unmodified. | |
374 | 5611 This can be used for making spelling suggestions. Note that |
5612 the method can be quite slow. | |
5613 | |
344 | 5614 *spellbadword()* |
532 | 5615 spellbadword([{sentence}]) |
5616 Without argument: The result is the badly spelled word under | |
5617 or after the cursor. The cursor is moved to the start of the | |
5618 bad word. When no bad word is found in the cursor line the | |
5619 result is an empty string and the cursor doesn't move. | |
5620 | |
5621 With argument: The result is the first word in {sentence} that | |
5622 is badly spelled. If there are no spelling mistakes the | |
5623 result is an empty string. | |
5624 | |
5625 The return value is a list with two items: | |
5626 - The badly spelled word or an empty string. | |
5627 - The type of the spelling error: | |
856 | 5628 "bad" spelling mistake |
532 | 5629 "rare" rare word |
5630 "local" word only valid in another region | |
5631 "caps" word should start with Capital | |
5632 Example: > | |
5633 echo spellbadword("the quik brown fox") | |
5634 < ['quik', 'bad'] ~ | |
5635 | |
5636 The spelling information for the current window is used. The | |
5637 'spell' option must be set and the value of 'spelllang' is | |
5638 used. | |
344 | 5639 |
5640 *spellsuggest()* | |
537 | 5641 spellsuggest({word} [, {max} [, {capital}]]) |
685 | 5642 Return a |List| with spelling suggestions to replace {word}. |
344 | 5643 When {max} is given up to this number of suggestions are |
5644 returned. Otherwise up to 25 suggestions are returned. | |
5645 | |
537 | 5646 When the {capital} argument is given and it's non-zero only |
5647 suggestions with a leading capital will be given. Use this | |
5648 after a match with 'spellcapcheck'. | |
5649 | |
344 | 5650 {word} can be a badly spelled word followed by other text. |
5651 This allows for joining two words that were split. The | |
359 | 5652 suggestions also include the following text, thus you can |
5653 replace a line. | |
5654 | |
5655 {word} may also be a good word. Similar words will then be | |
537 | 5656 returned. {word} itself is not included in the suggestions, |
5657 although it may appear capitalized. | |
344 | 5658 |
5659 The spelling information for the current window is used. The | |
375 | 5660 'spell' option must be set and the values of 'spelllang' and |
5661 'spellsuggest' are used. | |
344 | 5662 |
82 | 5663 |
282 | 5664 split({expr} [, {pattern} [, {keepempty}]]) *split()* |
685 | 5665 Make a |List| out of {expr}. When {pattern} is omitted or |
5666 empty each white-separated sequence of characters becomes an | |
5667 item. | |
82 | 5668 Otherwise the string is split where {pattern} matches, |
3920 | 5669 removing the matched characters. 'ignorecase' is not used |
5670 here, add \c to ignore case. |/\c| | |
282 | 5671 When the first or last item is empty it is omitted, unless the |
5672 {keepempty} argument is given and it's non-zero. | |
293 | 5673 Other empty items are kept when {pattern} matches at least one |
5674 character or when {keepempty} is non-zero. | |
82 | 5675 Example: > |
95 | 5676 :let words = split(getline('.'), '\W\+') |
282 | 5677 < To split a string in individual characters: > |
236 | 5678 :for c in split(mystring, '\zs') |
258 | 5679 < If you want to keep the separator you can also use '\zs': > |
5680 :echo split('abc:def:ghi', ':\zs') | |
5681 < ['abc:', 'def:', 'ghi'] ~ | |
282 | 5682 Splitting a table where the first element can be empty: > |
5683 :let items = split(line, ':', 1) | |
5684 < The opposite function is |join()|. | |
82 | 5685 |
5686 | |
1621 | 5687 sqrt({expr}) *sqrt()* |
5688 Return the non-negative square root of Float {expr} as a | |
5689 |Float|. | |
5690 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|. When {expr} | |
5691 is negative the result is NaN (Not a Number). | |
5692 Examples: > | |
5693 :echo sqrt(100) | |
5694 < 10.0 > | |
5695 :echo sqrt(-4.01) | |
5696 < nan | |
1668 | 5697 "nan" may be different, it depends on system libraries. |
1621 | 5698 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} |
5699 | |
5700 | |
5701 str2float( {expr}) *str2float()* | |
5702 Convert String {expr} to a Float. This mostly works the same | |
5703 as when using a floating point number in an expression, see | |
5704 |floating-point-format|. But it's a bit more permissive. | |
5705 E.g., "1e40" is accepted, while in an expression you need to | |
5706 write "1.0e40". | |
5707 Text after the number is silently ignored. | |
5708 The decimal point is always '.', no matter what the locale is | |
5709 set to. A comma ends the number: "12,345.67" is converted to | |
5710 12.0. You can strip out thousands separators with | |
5711 |substitute()|: > | |
5712 let f = str2float(substitute(text, ',', '', 'g')) | |
5713 < {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} | |
5714 | |
5715 | |
782 | 5716 str2nr( {expr} [, {base}]) *str2nr()* |
5717 Convert string {expr} to a number. | |
5718 {base} is the conversion base, it can be 8, 10 or 16. | |
5719 When {base} is omitted base 10 is used. This also means that | |
5720 a leading zero doesn't cause octal conversion to be used, as | |
5721 with the default String to Number conversion. | |
5722 When {base} is 16 a leading "0x" or "0X" is ignored. With a | |
5723 different base the result will be zero. | |
5724 Text after the number is silently ignored. | |
856 | 5725 |
782 | 5726 |
2338
da6ec32d8d8f
Added strwidth() and strchars() functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2337
diff
changeset
|
5727 strchars({expr}) *strchars()* |
da6ec32d8d8f
Added strwidth() and strchars() functions.
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parents:
2337
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changeset
|
5728 The result is a Number, which is the number of characters |
da6ec32d8d8f
Added strwidth() and strchars() functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5729 String {expr} occupies. Composing characters are counted |
da6ec32d8d8f
Added strwidth() and strchars() functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
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diff
changeset
|
5730 separately. |
2339
01e4b4d37842
Added strdisplaywidth() function.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2338
diff
changeset
|
5731 Also see |strlen()|, |strdisplaywidth()| and |strwidth()|. |
01e4b4d37842
Added strdisplaywidth() function.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
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diff
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|
5732 |
01e4b4d37842
Added strdisplaywidth() function.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5733 strdisplaywidth({expr}[, {col}]) *strdisplaywidth()* |
01e4b4d37842
Added strdisplaywidth() function.
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parents:
2338
diff
changeset
|
5734 The result is a Number, which is the number of display cells |
5663
1dea14d4c738
Update runtime files. Add support for systemverilog.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
5618
diff
changeset
|
5735 String {expr} occupies on the screen when it starts a {col}. |
2339
01e4b4d37842
Added strdisplaywidth() function.
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diff
changeset
|
5736 When {col} is omitted zero is used. Otherwise it is the |
01e4b4d37842
Added strdisplaywidth() function.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2338
diff
changeset
|
5737 screen column where to start. This matters for Tab |
01e4b4d37842
Added strdisplaywidth() function.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5738 characters. |
2343
0703d2fd5749
Last few changes for the 7.3a BETA release.
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diff
changeset
|
5739 The option settings of the current window are used. This |
0703d2fd5749
Last few changes for the 7.3a BETA release.
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parents:
2339
diff
changeset
|
5740 matters for anything that's displayed differently, such as |
0703d2fd5749
Last few changes for the 7.3a BETA release.
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parents:
2339
diff
changeset
|
5741 'tabstop' and 'display'. |
2339
01e4b4d37842
Added strdisplaywidth() function.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2338
diff
changeset
|
5742 When {expr} contains characters with East Asian Width Class |
01e4b4d37842
Added strdisplaywidth() function.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2338
diff
changeset
|
5743 Ambiguous, this function's return value depends on 'ambiwidth'. |
01e4b4d37842
Added strdisplaywidth() function.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2338
diff
changeset
|
5744 Also see |strlen()|, |strwidth()| and |strchars()|. |
2338
da6ec32d8d8f
Added strwidth() and strchars() functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
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diff
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|
5745 |
7 | 5746 strftime({format} [, {time}]) *strftime()* |
5747 The result is a String, which is a formatted date and time, as | |
5748 specified by the {format} string. The given {time} is used, | |
5749 or the current time if no time is given. The accepted | |
5750 {format} depends on your system, thus this is not portable! | |
5751 See the manual page of the C function strftime() for the | |
5752 format. The maximum length of the result is 80 characters. | |
5753 See also |localtime()| and |getftime()|. | |
5754 The language can be changed with the |:language| command. | |
5755 Examples: > | |
5756 :echo strftime("%c") Sun Apr 27 11:49:23 1997 | |
5757 :echo strftime("%Y %b %d %X") 1997 Apr 27 11:53:25 | |
5758 :echo strftime("%y%m%d %T") 970427 11:53:55 | |
5759 :echo strftime("%H:%M") 11:55 | |
5760 :echo strftime("%c", getftime("file.c")) | |
5761 Show mod time of file.c. | |
82 | 5762 < Not available on all systems. To check use: > |
5763 :if exists("*strftime") | |
5764 | |
133 | 5765 stridx({haystack}, {needle} [, {start}]) *stridx()* |
5766 The result is a Number, which gives the byte index in | |
5767 {haystack} of the first occurrence of the String {needle}. | |
140 | 5768 If {start} is specified, the search starts at index {start}. |
5769 This can be used to find a second match: > | |
2662 | 5770 :let colon1 = stridx(line, ":") |
5771 :let colon2 = stridx(line, ":", colon1 + 1) | |
140 | 5772 < The search is done case-sensitive. |
205 | 5773 For pattern searches use |match()|. |
133 | 5774 -1 is returned if the {needle} does not occur in {haystack}. |
140 | 5775 See also |strridx()|. |
5776 Examples: > | |
7 | 5777 :echo stridx("An Example", "Example") 3 |
5778 :echo stridx("Starting point", "Start") 0 | |
5779 :echo stridx("Starting point", "start") -1 | |
856 | 5780 < *strstr()* *strchr()* |
170 | 5781 stridx() works similar to the C function strstr(). When used |
5782 with a single character it works similar to strchr(). | |
5783 | |
55 | 5784 *string()* |
95 | 5785 string({expr}) Return {expr} converted to a String. If {expr} is a Number, |
1621 | 5786 Float, String or a composition of them, then the result can be |
5787 parsed back with |eval()|. | |
55 | 5788 {expr} type result ~ |
99 | 5789 String 'string' |
95 | 5790 Number 123 |
1621 | 5791 Float 123.123456 or 1.123456e8 |
99 | 5792 Funcref function('name') |
95 | 5793 List [item, item] |
323 | 5794 Dictionary {key: value, key: value} |
99 | 5795 Note that in String values the ' character is doubled. |
1156 | 5796 Also see |strtrans()|. |
55 | 5797 |
7 | 5798 *strlen()* |
5799 strlen({expr}) The result is a Number, which is the length of the String | |
502 | 5800 {expr} in bytes. |
5801 If you want to count the number of multi-byte characters (not | |
5802 counting composing characters) use something like this: > | |
7 | 5803 |
5804 :let len = strlen(substitute(str, ".", "x", "g")) | |
502 | 5805 < |
55 | 5806 If the argument is a Number it is first converted to a String. |
5807 For other types an error is given. | |
2339
01e4b4d37842
Added strdisplaywidth() function.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
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2338
diff
changeset
|
5808 Also see |len()|, |strchars()|, |strdisplaywidth()| and |
01e4b4d37842
Added strdisplaywidth() function.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2338
diff
changeset
|
5809 |strwidth()|. |
7 | 5810 |
5811 strpart({src}, {start}[, {len}]) *strpart()* | |
5812 The result is a String, which is part of {src}, starting from | |
574 | 5813 byte {start}, with the byte length {len}. |
7 | 5814 When non-existing bytes are included, this doesn't result in |
5815 an error, the bytes are simply omitted. | |
5816 If {len} is missing, the copy continues from {start} till the | |
5817 end of the {src}. > | |
5818 strpart("abcdefg", 3, 2) == "de" | |
5819 strpart("abcdefg", -2, 4) == "ab" | |
5820 strpart("abcdefg", 5, 4) == "fg" | |
1621 | 5821 strpart("abcdefg", 3) == "defg" |
7 | 5822 < Note: To get the first character, {start} must be 0. For |
5823 example, to get three bytes under and after the cursor: > | |
823 | 5824 strpart(getline("."), col(".") - 1, 3) |
7 | 5825 < |
140 | 5826 strridx({haystack}, {needle} [, {start}]) *strridx()* |
5827 The result is a Number, which gives the byte index in | |
5828 {haystack} of the last occurrence of the String {needle}. | |
5829 When {start} is specified, matches beyond this index are | |
5830 ignored. This can be used to find a match before a previous | |
5831 match: > | |
5832 :let lastcomma = strridx(line, ",") | |
5833 :let comma2 = strridx(line, ",", lastcomma - 1) | |
5834 < The search is done case-sensitive. | |
133 | 5835 For pattern searches use |match()|. |
5836 -1 is returned if the {needle} does not occur in {haystack}. | |
22 | 5837 If the {needle} is empty the length of {haystack} is returned. |
236 | 5838 See also |stridx()|. Examples: > |
7 | 5839 :echo strridx("an angry armadillo", "an") 3 |
856 | 5840 < *strrchr()* |
170 | 5841 When used with a single character it works similar to the C |
5842 function strrchr(). | |
5843 | |
7 | 5844 strtrans({expr}) *strtrans()* |
5845 The result is a String, which is {expr} with all unprintable | |
5846 characters translated into printable characters |'isprint'|. | |
5847 Like they are shown in a window. Example: > | |
5848 echo strtrans(@a) | |
5849 < This displays a newline in register a as "^@" instead of | |
5850 starting a new line. | |
5851 | |
2338
da6ec32d8d8f
Added strwidth() and strchars() functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2337
diff
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|
5852 strwidth({expr}) *strwidth()* |
da6ec32d8d8f
Added strwidth() and strchars() functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2337
diff
changeset
|
5853 The result is a Number, which is the number of display cells |
da6ec32d8d8f
Added strwidth() and strchars() functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2337
diff
changeset
|
5854 String {expr} occupies. A Tab character is counted as one |
2339
01e4b4d37842
Added strdisplaywidth() function.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2338
diff
changeset
|
5855 cell, alternatively use |strdisplaywidth()|. |
2338
da6ec32d8d8f
Added strwidth() and strchars() functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2337
diff
changeset
|
5856 When {expr} contains characters with East Asian Width Class |
da6ec32d8d8f
Added strwidth() and strchars() functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2337
diff
changeset
|
5857 Ambiguous, this function's return value depends on 'ambiwidth'. |
2339
01e4b4d37842
Added strdisplaywidth() function.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2338
diff
changeset
|
5858 Also see |strlen()|, |strdisplaywidth()| and |strchars()|. |
2338
da6ec32d8d8f
Added strwidth() and strchars() functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
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2337
diff
changeset
|
5859 |
5794 | 5860 submatch({nr}[, {list}]) *submatch()* |
2908 | 5861 Only for an expression in a |:substitute| command or |
5862 substitute() function. | |
5863 Returns the {nr}'th submatch of the matched text. When {nr} | |
5864 is 0 the whole matched text is returned. | |
5794 | 5865 Note that a NL in the string can stand for a line break of a |
5866 multi-line match or a NUL character in the text. | |
2908 | 5867 Also see |sub-replace-expression|. |
5794 | 5868 |
5869 If {list} is present and non-zero then submatch() returns | |
5870 a list of strings, similar to |getline()| with two arguments. | |
5871 NL characters in the text represent NUL characters in the | |
5872 text. | |
5873 Only returns more than one item for |:substitute|, inside | |
5874 |substitute()| this list will always contain one or zero | |
5875 items, since there are no real line breaks. | |
5876 | |
7 | 5877 Example: > |
5878 :s/\d\+/\=submatch(0) + 1/ | |
5879 < This finds the first number in the line and adds one to it. | |
5880 A line break is included as a newline character. | |
5881 | |
5882 substitute({expr}, {pat}, {sub}, {flags}) *substitute()* | |
5883 The result is a String, which is a copy of {expr}, in which | |
2908 | 5884 the first match of {pat} is replaced with {sub}. |
5885 When {flags} is "g", all matches of {pat} in {expr} are | |
5886 replaced. Otherwise {flags} should be "". | |
5887 | |
5888 This works like the ":substitute" command (without any flags). | |
5889 But the matching with {pat} is always done like the 'magic' | |
5890 option is set and 'cpoptions' is empty (to make scripts | |
3967 | 5891 portable). 'ignorecase' is still relevant, use |/\c| or |/\C| |
5892 if you want to ignore or match case and ignore 'ignorecase'. | |
5893 'smartcase' is not used. See |string-match| for how {pat} is | |
5894 used. | |
2908 | 5895 |
5896 A "~" in {sub} is not replaced with the previous {sub}. | |
7 | 5897 Note that some codes in {sub} have a special meaning |
1621 | 5898 |sub-replace-special|. For example, to replace something with |
7 | 5899 "\n" (two characters), use "\\\\n" or '\\n'. |
2908 | 5900 |
7 | 5901 When {pat} does not match in {expr}, {expr} is returned |
5902 unmodified. | |
2908 | 5903 |
7 | 5904 Example: > |
5905 :let &path = substitute(&path, ",\\=[^,]*$", "", "") | |
5906 < This removes the last component of the 'path' option. > | |
5907 :echo substitute("testing", ".*", "\\U\\0", "") | |
5908 < results in "TESTING". | |
2908 | 5909 |
5910 When {sub} starts with "\=", the remainder is interpreted as | |
5911 an expression. See |sub-replace-expression|. Example: > | |
2833 | 5912 :echo substitute(s, '%\(\x\x\)', |
5913 \ '\=nr2char("0x" . submatch(1))', 'g') | |
7 | 5914 |
32 | 5915 synID({lnum}, {col}, {trans}) *synID()* |
7 | 5916 The result is a Number, which is the syntax ID at the position |
32 | 5917 {lnum} and {col} in the current window. |
7 | 5918 The syntax ID can be used with |synIDattr()| and |
5919 |synIDtrans()| to obtain syntax information about text. | |
419 | 5920 |
32 | 5921 {col} is 1 for the leftmost column, {lnum} is 1 for the first |
419 | 5922 line. 'synmaxcol' applies, in a longer line zero is returned. |
5923 | |
7 | 5924 When {trans} is non-zero, transparent items are reduced to the |
1621 | 5925 item that they reveal. This is useful when wanting to know |
7 | 5926 the effective color. When {trans} is zero, the transparent |
5927 item is returned. This is useful when wanting to know which | |
5928 syntax item is effective (e.g. inside parens). | |
5929 Warning: This function can be very slow. Best speed is | |
5930 obtained by going through the file in forward direction. | |
5931 | |
5932 Example (echoes the name of the syntax item under the cursor): > | |
5933 :echo synIDattr(synID(line("."), col("."), 1), "name") | |
5934 < | |
2401
e7751177126b
Add the synconcealed() function and use it for :TOhtml. (Benjamin Fritz)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2350
diff
changeset
|
5935 |
7 | 5936 synIDattr({synID}, {what} [, {mode}]) *synIDattr()* |
5937 The result is a String, which is the {what} attribute of | |
5938 syntax ID {synID}. This can be used to obtain information | |
5939 about a syntax item. | |
5940 {mode} can be "gui", "cterm" or "term", to get the attributes | |
1621 | 5941 for that mode. When {mode} is omitted, or an invalid value is |
7 | 5942 used, the attributes for the currently active highlighting are |
5943 used (GUI, cterm or term). | |
5944 Use synIDtrans() to follow linked highlight groups. | |
5945 {what} result | |
5946 "name" the name of the syntax item | |
5947 "fg" foreground color (GUI: color name used to set | |
5948 the color, cterm: color number as a string, | |
5949 term: empty string) | |
1755 | 5950 "bg" background color (as with "fg") |
2106
15674e198164
updated for version 7.2.389
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
2072
diff
changeset
|
5951 "font" font name (only available in the GUI) |
15674e198164
updated for version 7.2.389
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
2072
diff
changeset
|
5952 |highlight-font| |
1755 | 5953 "sp" special color (as with "fg") |highlight-guisp| |
7 | 5954 "fg#" like "fg", but for the GUI and the GUI is |
5955 running the name in "#RRGGBB" form | |
5956 "bg#" like "fg#" for "bg" | |
1755 | 5957 "sp#" like "fg#" for "sp" |
7 | 5958 "bold" "1" if bold |
5959 "italic" "1" if italic | |
5960 "reverse" "1" if reverse | |
5961 "inverse" "1" if inverse (= reverse) | |
2106
15674e198164
updated for version 7.2.389
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
2072
diff
changeset
|
5962 "standout" "1" if standout |
7 | 5963 "underline" "1" if underlined |
205 | 5964 "undercurl" "1" if undercurled |
7 | 5965 |
5966 Example (echoes the color of the syntax item under the | |
5967 cursor): > | |
5968 :echo synIDattr(synIDtrans(synID(line("."), col("."), 1)), "fg") | |
5969 < | |
5970 synIDtrans({synID}) *synIDtrans()* | |
5971 The result is a Number, which is the translated syntax ID of | |
5972 {synID}. This is the syntax group ID of what is being used to | |
5973 highlight the character. Highlight links given with | |
5974 ":highlight link" are followed. | |
5975 | |
2608
7d8af31066c8
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2596
diff
changeset
|
5976 synconcealed({lnum}, {col}) *synconcealed()* |
7d8af31066c8
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2596
diff
changeset
|
5977 The result is a List. The first item in the list is 0 if the |
7d8af31066c8
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2596
diff
changeset
|
5978 character at the position {lnum} and {col} is not part of a |
7d8af31066c8
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2596
diff
changeset
|
5979 concealable region, 1 if it is. The second item in the list is |
7d8af31066c8
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2596
diff
changeset
|
5980 a string. If the first item is 1, the second item contains the |
7d8af31066c8
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2596
diff
changeset
|
5981 text which will be displayed in place of the concealed text, |
7d8af31066c8
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2596
diff
changeset
|
5982 depending on the current setting of 'conceallevel'. The third |
7d8af31066c8
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2596
diff
changeset
|
5983 and final item in the list is a unique number representing the |
7d8af31066c8
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2596
diff
changeset
|
5984 specific syntax region matched. This allows detection of the |
7d8af31066c8
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2596
diff
changeset
|
5985 beginning of a new concealable region if there are two |
7d8af31066c8
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2596
diff
changeset
|
5986 consecutive regions with the same replacement character. |
7d8af31066c8
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2596
diff
changeset
|
5987 For an example use see $VIMRUNTIME/syntax/2html.vim . |
7d8af31066c8
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2596
diff
changeset
|
5988 |
7d8af31066c8
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2596
diff
changeset
|
5989 |
1500 | 5990 synstack({lnum}, {col}) *synstack()* |
5991 Return a |List|, which is the stack of syntax items at the | |
5992 position {lnum} and {col} in the current window. Each item in | |
5993 the List is an ID like what |synID()| returns. | |
5994 The first item in the List is the outer region, following are | |
5995 items contained in that one. The last one is what |synID()| | |
5996 returns, unless not the whole item is highlighted or it is a | |
5997 transparent item. | |
5998 This function is useful for debugging a syntax file. | |
5999 Example that shows the syntax stack under the cursor: > | |
6000 for id in synstack(line("."), col(".")) | |
6001 echo synIDattr(id, "name") | |
6002 endfor | |
2290
22529abcd646
Fixed ":s" message. Docs updates.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2281
diff
changeset
|
6003 < When the position specified with {lnum} and {col} is invalid |
22529abcd646
Fixed ":s" message. Docs updates.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2281
diff
changeset
|
6004 nothing is returned. The position just after the last |
22529abcd646
Fixed ":s" message. Docs updates.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2281
diff
changeset
|
6005 character in a line and the first column in an empty line are |
22529abcd646
Fixed ":s" message. Docs updates.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2281
diff
changeset
|
6006 valid positions. |
1500 | 6007 |
24 | 6008 system({expr} [, {input}]) *system()* *E677* |
5808 | 6009 Get the output of the shell command {expr} as a string. See |
6010 |systemlist()| to get the output as a List. | |
5806 | 6011 |
6012 When {input} is given and is a string this string is written | |
6013 to a file and passed as stdin to the command. The string is | |
6014 written as-is, you need to take care of using the correct line | |
6015 separators yourself. | |
6016 If {input} is given and is a |List| it is written to the file | |
6017 in a way |writefile()| does with {binary} set to "b" (i.e. | |
6018 with a newline between each list item with newlines inside | |
6019 list items converted to NULs). | |
6020 Pipes are not used. | |
6021 | |
5690 | 6022 Note: Use |shellescape()| or |::S| with |expand()| or |
6023 |fnamemodify()| to escape special characters in a command | |
6024 argument. Newlines in {expr} may cause the command to fail. | |
6025 The characters in 'shellquote' and 'shellxquote' may also | |
6026 cause trouble. | |
7 | 6027 This is not to be used for interactive commands. |
1661 | 6028 |
7 | 6029 The result is a String. Example: > |
1661 | 6030 :let files = system("ls " . shellescape(expand('%:h'))) |
5690 | 6031 :let files = system('ls ' . expand('%:h:S')) |
7 | 6032 |
6033 < To make the result more system-independent, the shell output | |
6034 is filtered to replace <CR> with <NL> for Macintosh, and | |
6035 <CR><NL> with <NL> for DOS-like systems. | |
5277 | 6036 To avoid the string being truncated at a NUL, all NUL |
6037 characters are replaced with SOH (0x01). | |
6038 | |
7 | 6039 The command executed is constructed using several options: |
6040 'shell' 'shellcmdflag' 'shellxquote' {expr} 'shellredir' {tmp} 'shellxquote' | |
6041 ({tmp} is an automatically generated file name). | |
6042 For Unix and OS/2 braces are put around {expr} to allow for | |
6043 concatenated commands. | |
6044 | |
794 | 6045 The command will be executed in "cooked" mode, so that a |
6046 CTRL-C will interrupt the command (on Unix at least). | |
6047 | |
7 | 6048 The resulting error code can be found in |v:shell_error|. |
6049 This function will fail in |restricted-mode|. | |
625 | 6050 |
6051 Note that any wrong value in the options mentioned above may | |
6052 make the function fail. It has also been reported to fail | |
6053 when using a security agent application. | |
7 | 6054 Unlike ":!cmd" there is no automatic check for changed files. |
6055 Use |:checktime| to force a check. | |
6056 | |
205 | 6057 |
5808 | 6058 systemlist({expr} [, {input}]) *systemlist()* |
6059 Same as |system()|, but returns a |List| with lines (parts of | |
6060 output separated by NL) with NULs transformed into NLs. Output | |
6061 is the same as |readfile()| will output with {binary} argument | |
6062 set to "b". | |
6063 | |
6064 Returns an empty string on error, so be careful not to run | |
6065 into |E706|. | |
6066 | |
6067 | |
677 | 6068 tabpagebuflist([{arg}]) *tabpagebuflist()* |
685 | 6069 The result is a |List|, where each item is the number of the |
677 | 6070 buffer associated with each window in the current tab page. |
6071 {arg} specifies the number of tab page to be used. When | |
6072 omitted the current tab page is used. | |
6073 When {arg} is invalid the number zero is returned. | |
6074 To get a list of all buffers in all tabs use this: > | |
3445 | 6075 let buflist = [] |
677 | 6076 for i in range(tabpagenr('$')) |
3445 | 6077 call extend(buflist, tabpagebuflist(i + 1)) |
677 | 6078 endfor |
6079 < Note that a buffer may appear in more than one window. | |
6080 | |
6081 | |
6082 tabpagenr([{arg}]) *tabpagenr()* | |
674 | 6083 The result is a Number, which is the number of the current |
6084 tab page. The first tab page has number 1. | |
6085 When the optional argument is "$", the number of the last tab | |
6086 page is returned (the tab page count). | |
6087 The number can be used with the |:tab| command. | |
6088 | |
6089 | |
5763 | 6090 tabpagewinnr({tabarg} [, {arg}]) *tabpagewinnr()* |
2569
f612f6b0b883
Docs fix for tabpagewinnr(). (Sylvain Hitier)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2561
diff
changeset
|
6091 Like |winnr()| but for tab page {tabarg}. |
677 | 6092 {tabarg} specifies the number of tab page to be used. |
6093 {arg} is used like with |winnr()|: | |
6094 - When omitted the current window number is returned. This is | |
6095 the window which will be used when going to this tab page. | |
6096 - When "$" the number of windows is returned. | |
6097 - When "#" the previous window nr is returned. | |
6098 Useful examples: > | |
6099 tabpagewinnr(1) " current window of tab page 1 | |
6100 tabpagewinnr(4, '$') " number of windows in tab page 4 | |
6101 < When {tabarg} is invalid zero is returned. | |
6102 | |
805 | 6103 *tagfiles()* |
6104 tagfiles() Returns a |List| with the file names used to search for tags | |
6105 for the current buffer. This is the 'tags' option expanded. | |
6106 | |
6107 | |
205 | 6108 taglist({expr}) *taglist()* |
6109 Returns a list of tags matching the regular expression {expr}. | |
438 | 6110 Each list item is a dictionary with at least the following |
6111 entries: | |
648 | 6112 name Name of the tag. |
6113 filename Name of the file where the tag is | |
1156 | 6114 defined. It is either relative to the |
6115 current directory or a full path. | |
205 | 6116 cmd Ex command used to locate the tag in |
6117 the file. | |
648 | 6118 kind Type of the tag. The value for this |
205 | 6119 entry depends on the language specific |
1156 | 6120 kind values. Only available when |
6121 using a tags file generated by | |
6122 Exuberant ctags or hdrtag. | |
648 | 6123 static A file specific tag. Refer to |
205 | 6124 |static-tag| for more information. |
1156 | 6125 More entries may be present, depending on the content of the |
6126 tags file: access, implementation, inherits and signature. | |
6127 Refer to the ctags documentation for information about these | |
6128 fields. For C code the fields "struct", "class" and "enum" | |
6129 may appear, they give the name of the entity the tag is | |
6130 contained in. | |
452 | 6131 |
216 | 6132 The ex-command 'cmd' can be either an ex search pattern, a |
6133 line number or a line number followed by a byte number. | |
205 | 6134 |
6135 If there are no matching tags, then an empty list is returned. | |
6136 | |
6137 To get an exact tag match, the anchors '^' and '$' should be | |
4073 | 6138 used in {expr}. This also make the function work faster. |
6139 Refer to |tag-regexp| for more information about the tag | |
6140 search regular expression pattern. | |
205 | 6141 |
6142 Refer to |'tags'| for information about how the tags file is | |
6143 located by Vim. Refer to |tags-file-format| for the format of | |
6144 the tags file generated by the different ctags tools. | |
6145 | |
7 | 6146 tempname() *tempname()* *temp-file-name* |
6147 The result is a String, which is the name of a file that | |
1621 | 6148 doesn't exist. It can be used for a temporary file. The name |
7 | 6149 is different for at least 26 consecutive calls. Example: > |
6150 :let tmpfile = tempname() | |
6151 :exe "redir > " . tmpfile | |
2033
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
6152 < For Unix, the file will be in a private directory |tempfile|. |
7 | 6153 For MS-Windows forward slashes are used when the 'shellslash' |
6154 option is set or when 'shellcmdflag' starts with '-'. | |
6155 | |
2206
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6156 |
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6157 tan({expr}) *tan()* |
2337
a0f87fc19d1d
Better conceal in help. (partly by Dominique Pelle)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2320
diff
changeset
|
6158 Return the tangent of {expr}, measured in radians, as a |Float| |
2206
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6159 in the range [-inf, inf]. |
2337
a0f87fc19d1d
Better conceal in help. (partly by Dominique Pelle)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2320
diff
changeset
|
6160 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|. |
2206
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6161 Examples: > |
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6162 :echo tan(10) |
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6163 < 0.648361 > |
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6164 :echo tan(-4.01) |
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6165 < -1.181502 |
2570
71b56b4e7785
Make the references to features in the help more consistent. (Sylvain Hitier)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2569
diff
changeset
|
6166 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} |
2206
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6167 |
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6168 |
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6169 tanh({expr}) *tanh()* |
2337
a0f87fc19d1d
Better conceal in help. (partly by Dominique Pelle)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2320
diff
changeset
|
6170 Return the hyperbolic tangent of {expr} as a |Float| in the |
2206
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6171 range [-1, 1]. |
2337
a0f87fc19d1d
Better conceal in help. (partly by Dominique Pelle)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2320
diff
changeset
|
6172 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|. |
2206
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6173 Examples: > |
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6174 :echo tanh(0.5) |
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6175 < 0.462117 > |
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6176 :echo tanh(-1) |
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6177 < -0.761594 |
2570
71b56b4e7785
Make the references to features in the help more consistent. (Sylvain Hitier)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2569
diff
changeset
|
6178 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} |
2206
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2154
diff
changeset
|
6179 |
a8afba7027ae
Add extra floating point functions.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
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diff
changeset
|
6180 |
7 | 6181 tolower({expr}) *tolower()* |
6182 The result is a copy of the String given, with all uppercase | |
6183 characters turned into lowercase (just like applying |gu| to | |
6184 the string). | |
6185 | |
6186 toupper({expr}) *toupper()* | |
6187 The result is a copy of the String given, with all lowercase | |
6188 characters turned into uppercase (just like applying |gU| to | |
6189 the string). | |
6190 | |
15 | 6191 tr({src}, {fromstr}, {tostr}) *tr()* |
6192 The result is a copy of the {src} string with all characters | |
6193 which appear in {fromstr} replaced by the character in that | |
6194 position in the {tostr} string. Thus the first character in | |
6195 {fromstr} is translated into the first character in {tostr} | |
6196 and so on. Exactly like the unix "tr" command. | |
6197 This code also deals with multibyte characters properly. | |
6198 | |
6199 Examples: > | |
6200 echo tr("hello there", "ht", "HT") | |
6201 < returns "Hello THere" > | |
6202 echo tr("<blob>", "<>", "{}") | |
6203 < returns "{blob}" | |
6204 | |
1621 | 6205 trunc({expr}) *trunc()* |
1668 | 6206 Return the largest integral value with magnitude less than or |
1621 | 6207 equal to {expr} as a |Float| (truncate towards zero). |
6208 {expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|. | |
6209 Examples: > | |
6210 echo trunc(1.456) | |
6211 < 1.0 > | |
6212 echo trunc(-5.456) | |
6213 < -5.0 > | |
6214 echo trunc(4.0) | |
6215 < 4.0 | |
6216 {only available when compiled with the |+float| feature} | |
6217 | |
87 | 6218 *type()* |
6219 type({expr}) The result is a Number, depending on the type of {expr}: | |
153 | 6220 Number: 0 |
6221 String: 1 | |
6222 Funcref: 2 | |
6223 List: 3 | |
6224 Dictionary: 4 | |
1621 | 6225 Float: 5 |
153 | 6226 To avoid the magic numbers it should be used this way: > |
87 | 6227 :if type(myvar) == type(0) |
6228 :if type(myvar) == type("") | |
6229 :if type(myvar) == type(function("tr")) | |
6230 :if type(myvar) == type([]) | |
153 | 6231 :if type(myvar) == type({}) |
1621 | 6232 :if type(myvar) == type(0.0) |
7 | 6233 |
2236
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6234 undofile({name}) *undofile()* |
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6235 Return the name of the undo file that would be used for a file |
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|
6236 with name {name} when writing. This uses the 'undodir' |
dc2e5ec0500d
Added the undofile() function. Updated runtime files.
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|
6237 option, finding directories that exist. It does not check if |
2250
1bac28a53fae
Add the conceal patch from Vince Negri.
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|
6238 the undo file exists. |
2249
6d3d35ff2c2b
Use full path in undofile(). Updated docs.
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6239 {name} is always expanded to the full path, since that is what |
6d3d35ff2c2b
Use full path in undofile(). Updated docs.
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|
6240 is used internally. |
3507
8201108e9cf0
More runtime file fixes for 'compatible' mode.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
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diff
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|
6241 If {name} is empty undofile() returns an empty string, since a |
8201108e9cf0
More runtime file fixes for 'compatible' mode.
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|
6242 buffer without a file name will not write an undo file. |
2236
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6243 Useful in combination with |:wundo| and |:rundo|. |
dc2e5ec0500d
Added the undofile() function. Updated runtime files.
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6244 When compiled without the +persistent_undo option this always |
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|
6245 returns an empty string. |
dc2e5ec0500d
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|
6246 |
2280
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Add file save counter to undo information. Add undotree() function.
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6247 undotree() *undotree()* |
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6248 Return the current state of the undo tree in a dictionary with |
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6249 the following items: |
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Add file save counter to undo information. Add undotree() function.
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|
6250 "seq_last" The highest undo sequence number used. |
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Add file save counter to undo information. Add undotree() function.
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6251 "seq_cur" The sequence number of the current position in |
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6252 the undo tree. This differs from "seq_last" |
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6253 when some changes were undone. |
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6254 "time_cur" Time last used for |:earlier| and related |
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6255 commands. Use |strftime()| to convert to |
941ff1cd317a
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6256 something readable. |
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6257 "save_last" Number of the last file write. Zero when no |
941ff1cd317a
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6258 write yet. |
2281
e41433ea71df
Added ":earlier 1f" and ":later 1f".
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|
6259 "save_cur" Number of the current position in the undo |
e41433ea71df
Added ":earlier 1f" and ":later 1f".
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|
6260 tree. |
2280
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6261 "synced" Non-zero when the last undo block was synced. |
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6262 This happens when waiting from input from the |
941ff1cd317a
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|
6263 user. See |undo-blocks|. |
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6264 "entries" A list of dictionaries with information about |
941ff1cd317a
Add file save counter to undo information. Add undotree() function.
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|
6265 undo blocks. |
941ff1cd317a
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|
6266 |
941ff1cd317a
Add file save counter to undo information. Add undotree() function.
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|
6267 The first item in the "entries" list is the oldest undo item. |
941ff1cd317a
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6268 Each List item is a Dictionary with these items: |
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|
6269 "seq" Undo sequence number. Same as what appears in |
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|
6270 |:undolist|. |
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6271 "time" Timestamp when the change happened. Use |
941ff1cd317a
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6272 |strftime()| to convert to something readable. |
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6273 "newhead" Only appears in the item that is the last one |
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6274 that was added. This marks the last change |
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6275 and where further changes will be added. |
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|
6276 "curhead" Only appears in the item that is the last one |
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|
6277 that was undone. This marks the current |
941ff1cd317a
Add file save counter to undo information. Add undotree() function.
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|
6278 position in the undo tree, the block that will |
941ff1cd317a
Add file save counter to undo information. Add undotree() function.
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6279 be used by a redo command. When nothing was |
941ff1cd317a
Add file save counter to undo information. Add undotree() function.
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6280 undone after the last change this item will |
941ff1cd317a
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6281 not appear anywhere. |
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|
6282 "save" Only appears on the last block before a file |
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6283 write. The number is the write count. The |
941ff1cd317a
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6284 first write has number 1, the last one the |
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|
6285 "save_last" mentioned above. |
941ff1cd317a
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|
6286 "alt" Alternate entry. This is again a List of undo |
941ff1cd317a
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|
6287 blocks. Each item may again have an "alt" |
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|
6288 item. |
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|
6289 |
5747 | 6290 uniq({list} [, {func} [, {dict}]]) *uniq()* *E882* |
6291 Remove second and succeeding copies of repeated adjacent | |
6292 {list} items in-place. Returns {list}. If you want a list | |
6293 to remain unmodified make a copy first: > | |
6294 :let newlist = uniq(copy(mylist)) | |
6295 < The default compare function uses the string representation of | |
6296 each item. For the use of {func} and {dict} see |sort()|. | |
6297 | |
140 | 6298 values({dict}) *values()* |
1621 | 6299 Return a |List| with all the values of {dict}. The |List| is |
685 | 6300 in arbitrary order. |
140 | 6301 |
6302 | |
7 | 6303 virtcol({expr}) *virtcol()* |
6304 The result is a Number, which is the screen column of the file | |
6305 position given with {expr}. That is, the last screen position | |
6306 occupied by the character at that position, when the screen | |
6307 would be of unlimited width. When there is a <Tab> at the | |
6308 position, the returned Number will be the column at the end of | |
6309 the <Tab>. For example, for a <Tab> in column 1, with 'ts' | |
3445 | 6310 set to 8, it returns 8. |conceal| is ignored. |
1317 | 6311 For the byte position use |col()|. |
6312 For the use of {expr} see |col()|. | |
6313 When 'virtualedit' is used {expr} can be [lnum, col, off], where | |
703 | 6314 "off" is the offset in screen columns from the start of the |
1266 | 6315 character. E.g., a position within a <Tab> or after the last |
2965 | 6316 character. When "off" is omitted zero is used. |
7 | 6317 When Virtual editing is active in the current mode, a position |
6318 beyond the end of the line can be returned. |'virtualedit'| | |
6319 The accepted positions are: | |
6320 . the cursor position | |
6321 $ the end of the cursor line (the result is the | |
6322 number of displayed characters in the cursor line | |
6323 plus one) | |
6324 'x position of mark x (if the mark is not set, 0 is | |
6325 returned) | |
6326 Note that only marks in the current file can be used. | |
6327 Examples: > | |
6328 virtcol(".") with text "foo^Lbar", with cursor on the "^L", returns 5 | |
6329 virtcol("$") with text "foo^Lbar", returns 9 | |
1621 | 6330 virtcol("'t") with text " there", with 't at 'h', returns 6 |
6331 < The first column is 1. 0 is returned for an error. | |
1156 | 6332 A more advanced example that echoes the maximum length of |
6333 all lines: > | |
6334 echo max(map(range(1, line('$')), "virtcol([v:val, '$'])")) | |
6335 | |
7 | 6336 |
6337 visualmode([expr]) *visualmode()* | |
6338 The result is a String, which describes the last Visual mode | |
856 | 6339 used in the current buffer. Initially it returns an empty |
6340 string, but once Visual mode has been used, it returns "v", | |
6341 "V", or "<CTRL-V>" (a single CTRL-V character) for | |
6342 character-wise, line-wise, or block-wise Visual mode | |
6343 respectively. | |
7 | 6344 Example: > |
6345 :exe "normal " . visualmode() | |
6346 < This enters the same Visual mode as before. It is also useful | |
6347 in scripts if you wish to act differently depending on the | |
6348 Visual mode that was used. | |
1621 | 6349 If Visual mode is active, use |mode()| to get the Visual mode |
6350 (e.g., in a |:vmap|). | |
1661 | 6351 *non-zero-arg* |
6352 If [expr] is supplied and it evaluates to a non-zero Number or | |
6353 a non-empty String, then the Visual mode will be cleared and | |
1621 | 6354 the old value is returned. Note that " " and "0" are also |
1661 | 6355 non-empty strings, thus cause the mode to be cleared. A List, |
6356 Dictionary or Float is not a Number or String, thus does not | |
6357 cause the mode to be cleared. | |
7 | 6358 |
4151 | 6359 wildmenumode() *wildmenumode()* |
6360 Returns non-zero when the wildmenu is active and zero | |
6361 otherwise. See 'wildmenu' and 'wildmode'. | |
6362 This can be used in mappings to handle the 'wildcharm' option | |
6363 gracefully. (Makes only sense with |mapmode-c| mappings). | |
6364 | |
6365 For example to make <c-j> work like <down> in wildmode, use: > | |
6366 :cnoremap <expr> <C-j> wildmenumode() ? "\<Down>\<Tab>" : "\<c-j>" | |
6367 < | |
6368 (Note, this needs the 'wildcharm' option set appropriately). | |
6369 | |
6370 | |
7 | 6371 *winbufnr()* |
6372 winbufnr({nr}) The result is a Number, which is the number of the buffer | |
236 | 6373 associated with window {nr}. When {nr} is zero, the number of |
7 | 6374 the buffer in the current window is returned. When window |
6375 {nr} doesn't exist, -1 is returned. | |
6376 Example: > | |
6377 :echo "The file in the current window is " . bufname(winbufnr(0)) | |
6378 < | |
6379 *wincol()* | |
6380 wincol() The result is a Number, which is the virtual column of the | |
6381 cursor in the window. This is counting screen cells from the | |
6382 left side of the window. The leftmost column is one. | |
6383 | |
6384 winheight({nr}) *winheight()* | |
6385 The result is a Number, which is the height of window {nr}. | |
6386 When {nr} is zero, the height of the current window is | |
6387 returned. When window {nr} doesn't exist, -1 is returned. | |
6388 An existing window always has a height of zero or more. | |
6389 Examples: > | |
6390 :echo "The current window has " . winheight(0) . " lines." | |
6391 < | |
6392 *winline()* | |
6393 winline() The result is a Number, which is the screen line of the cursor | |
1621 | 6394 in the window. This is counting screen lines from the top of |
7 | 6395 the window. The first line is one. |
531 | 6396 If the cursor was moved the view on the file will be updated |
6397 first, this may cause a scroll. | |
7 | 6398 |
6399 *winnr()* | |
20 | 6400 winnr([{arg}]) The result is a Number, which is the number of the current |
6401 window. The top window has number 1. | |
6402 When the optional argument is "$", the number of the | |
3967 | 6403 last window is returned (the window count). > |
6404 let window_count = winnr('$') | |
6405 < When the optional argument is "#", the number of the last | |
20 | 6406 accessed window is returned (where |CTRL-W_p| goes to). |
1156 | 6407 If there is no previous window or it is in another tab page 0 |
6408 is returned. | |
20 | 6409 The number can be used with |CTRL-W_w| and ":wincmd w" |
6410 |:wincmd|. | |
1156 | 6411 Also see |tabpagewinnr()|. |
7 | 6412 |
6413 *winrestcmd()* | |
6414 winrestcmd() Returns a sequence of |:resize| commands that should restore | |
6415 the current window sizes. Only works properly when no windows | |
712 | 6416 are opened or closed and the current window and tab page is |
6417 unchanged. | |
7 | 6418 Example: > |
6419 :let cmd = winrestcmd() | |
6420 :call MessWithWindowSizes() | |
6421 :exe cmd | |
712 | 6422 < |
6423 *winrestview()* | |
6424 winrestview({dict}) | |
6425 Uses the |Dictionary| returned by |winsaveview()| to restore | |
6426 the view of the current window. | |
5940 | 6427 Note: The {dict} does not have to contain all values, that are |
6428 returned by |winsaveview()|. If values are missing, those | |
6429 settings won't be restored. So you can use: > | |
6430 :call winrestview({'curswant': 4}) | |
6431 < | |
6432 This will only set the curswant value (the column the cursor | |
6433 wants to move on vertical movements) of the cursor to column 5 | |
6434 (yes, that is 5), while all other settings will remain the | |
6435 same. This is useful, if you set the cursor position manually. | |
6436 | |
712 | 6437 If you have changed the values the result is unpredictable. |
6438 If the window size changed the result won't be the same. | |
6439 | |
6440 *winsaveview()* | |
6441 winsaveview() Returns a |Dictionary| that contains information to restore | |
6442 the view of the current window. Use |winrestview()| to | |
6443 restore the view. | |
6444 This is useful if you have a mapping that jumps around in the | |
6445 buffer and you want to go back to the original view. | |
6446 This does not save fold information. Use the 'foldenable' | |
798 | 6447 option to temporarily switch off folding, so that folds are |
6448 not opened when moving around. | |
712 | 6449 The return value includes: |
6450 lnum cursor line number | |
5940 | 6451 col cursor column (Note: the first column |
6452 zero, as opposed to what getpos() | |
6453 returns) | |
712 | 6454 coladd cursor column offset for 'virtualedit' |
6455 curswant column for vertical movement | |
6456 topline first line in the window | |
6457 topfill filler lines, only in diff mode | |
6458 leftcol first column displayed | |
6459 skipcol columns skipped | |
6460 Note that no option values are saved. | |
6461 | |
7 | 6462 |
6463 winwidth({nr}) *winwidth()* | |
6464 The result is a Number, which is the width of window {nr}. | |
6465 When {nr} is zero, the width of the current window is | |
6466 returned. When window {nr} doesn't exist, -1 is returned. | |
6467 An existing window always has a width of zero or more. | |
6468 Examples: > | |
6469 :echo "The current window has " . winwidth(0) . " columns." | |
6470 :if winwidth(0) <= 50 | |
6471 : exe "normal 50\<C-W>|" | |
6472 :endif | |
6473 < | |
158 | 6474 *writefile()* |
6475 writefile({list}, {fname} [, {binary}]) | |
685 | 6476 Write |List| {list} to file {fname}. Each list item is |
158 | 6477 separated with a NL. Each list item must be a String or |
6478 Number. | |
6479 When {binary} is equal to "b" binary mode is used: There will | |
6480 not be a NL after the last list item. An empty item at the | |
6481 end does cause the last line in the file to end in a NL. | |
6482 All NL characters are replaced with a NUL character. | |
6483 Inserting CR characters needs to be done before passing {list} | |
6484 to writefile(). | |
6485 An existing file is overwritten, if possible. | |
6486 When the write fails -1 is returned, otherwise 0. There is an | |
6487 error message if the file can't be created or when writing | |
6488 fails. | |
6489 Also see |readfile()|. | |
6490 To copy a file byte for byte: > | |
6491 :let fl = readfile("foo", "b") | |
6492 :call writefile(fl, "foocopy", "b") | |
3214 | 6493 |
6494 | |
6495 xor({expr}, {expr}) *xor()* | |
6496 Bitwise XOR on the two arguments. The arguments are converted | |
6497 to a number. A List, Dict or Float argument causes an error. | |
6498 Example: > | |
6499 :let bits = xor(bits, 0x80) | |
3256 | 6500 < |
3214 | 6501 |
7 | 6502 |
6503 *feature-list* | |
6504 There are three types of features: | |
6505 1. Features that are only supported when they have been enabled when Vim | |
6506 was compiled |+feature-list|. Example: > | |
6507 :if has("cindent") | |
6508 2. Features that are only supported when certain conditions have been met. | |
6509 Example: > | |
6510 :if has("gui_running") | |
6511 < *has-patch* | |
5814 | 6512 3. Included patches. The "patch123" feature means that patch 123 has been |
6513 included. Note that this form does not check the version of Vim, you need | |
6514 to inspect |v:version| for that. | |
6515 Example (checking version 6.2.148 or later): > | |
7 | 6516 :if v:version > 602 || v:version == 602 && has("patch148") |
5814 | 6517 < Note that it's possible for patch 147 to be omitted even though 148 is |
6518 included. | |
6519 | |
6520 4. Beyond a certain version or at a certain version and including a specific | |
5862 | 6521 patch. The "patch-7.4.237" feature means that the Vim version is 7.5 or |
6522 later, or it is version 7.4 and patch 237 was included. | |
6523 Note that this only works for patch 7.4.237 and later, before that you | |
6524 need to use the example above that checks v:version. Example: > | |
6525 :if has("patch-7.4.248") | |
5814 | 6526 < Note that it's possible for patch 147 to be omitted even though 148 is |
1156 | 6527 included. |
7 | 6528 |
5340 | 6529 acl Compiled with |ACL| support. |
7 | 6530 all_builtin_terms Compiled with all builtin terminals enabled. |
6531 amiga Amiga version of Vim. | |
6532 arabic Compiled with Arabic support |Arabic|. | |
6533 arp Compiled with ARP support (Amiga). | |
613 | 6534 autocmd Compiled with autocommand support. |autocommand| |
7 | 6535 balloon_eval Compiled with |balloon-eval| support. |
435 | 6536 balloon_multiline GUI supports multiline balloons. |
7 | 6537 beos BeOS version of Vim. |
6538 browse Compiled with |:browse| support, and browse() will | |
6539 work. | |
3682 | 6540 browsefilter Compiled with support for |browsefilter|. |
7 | 6541 builtin_terms Compiled with some builtin terminals. |
6542 byte_offset Compiled with support for 'o' in 'statusline' | |
6543 cindent Compiled with 'cindent' support. | |
6544 clientserver Compiled with remote invocation support |clientserver|. | |
6545 clipboard Compiled with 'clipboard' support. | |
6546 cmdline_compl Compiled with |cmdline-completion| support. | |
6547 cmdline_hist Compiled with |cmdline-history| support. | |
6548 cmdline_info Compiled with 'showcmd' and 'ruler' support. | |
6549 comments Compiled with |'comments'| support. | |
2681 | 6550 compatible Compiled to be very Vi compatible. |
7 | 6551 cryptv Compiled with encryption support |encryption|. |
6552 cscope Compiled with |cscope| support. | |
6553 debug Compiled with "DEBUG" defined. | |
6554 dialog_con Compiled with console dialog support. | |
6555 dialog_gui Compiled with GUI dialog support. | |
6556 diff Compiled with |vimdiff| and 'diff' support. | |
6557 digraphs Compiled with support for digraphs. | |
6558 dnd Compiled with support for the "~ register |quote_~|. | |
2681 | 6559 dos16 16 bits DOS version of Vim. |
7 | 6560 dos32 32 bits DOS (DJGPP) version of Vim. |
6561 ebcdic Compiled on a machine with ebcdic character set. | |
6562 emacs_tags Compiled with support for Emacs tags. | |
6563 eval Compiled with expression evaluation support. Always | |
6564 true, of course! | |
6565 ex_extra Compiled with extra Ex commands |+ex_extra|. | |
6566 extra_search Compiled with support for |'incsearch'| and | |
6567 |'hlsearch'| | |
6568 farsi Compiled with Farsi support |farsi|. | |
6569 file_in_path Compiled with support for |gf| and |<cfile>| | |
168 | 6570 filterpipe When 'shelltemp' is off pipes are used for shell |
6571 read/write/filter commands | |
7 | 6572 find_in_path Compiled with support for include file searches |
6573 |+find_in_path|. | |
1621 | 6574 float Compiled with support for |Float|. |
7 | 6575 fname_case Case in file names matters (for Amiga, MS-DOS, and |
6576 Windows this is not present). | |
6577 folding Compiled with |folding| support. | |
6578 footer Compiled with GUI footer support. |gui-footer| | |
6579 fork Compiled to use fork()/exec() instead of system(). | |
6580 gettext Compiled with message translation |multi-lang| | |
6581 gui Compiled with GUI enabled. | |
6582 gui_athena Compiled with Athena GUI. | |
2681 | 6583 gui_gnome Compiled with Gnome support (gui_gtk is also defined). |
7 | 6584 gui_gtk Compiled with GTK+ GUI (any version). |
6585 gui_gtk2 Compiled with GTK+ 2 GUI (gui_gtk is also defined). | |
6586 gui_mac Compiled with Macintosh GUI. | |
6587 gui_motif Compiled with Motif GUI. | |
6588 gui_photon Compiled with Photon GUI. | |
2681 | 6589 gui_running Vim is running in the GUI, or it will start soon. |
7 | 6590 gui_win32 Compiled with MS Windows Win32 GUI. |
6591 gui_win32s idem, and Win32s system being used (Windows 3.1) | |
6592 hangul_input Compiled with Hangul input support. |hangul| | |
6593 iconv Can use iconv() for conversion. | |
6594 insert_expand Compiled with support for CTRL-X expansion commands in | |
6595 Insert mode. | |
6596 jumplist Compiled with |jumplist| support. | |
6597 keymap Compiled with 'keymap' support. | |
6598 langmap Compiled with 'langmap' support. | |
6599 libcall Compiled with |libcall()| support. | |
6600 linebreak Compiled with 'linebreak', 'breakat' and 'showbreak' | |
6601 support. | |
6602 lispindent Compiled with support for lisp indenting. | |
6603 listcmds Compiled with commands for the buffer list |:files| | |
6604 and the argument list |arglist|. | |
6605 localmap Compiled with local mappings and abbr. |:map-local| | |
2320
966a5609669e
Added Lua interfae. (Luis Carvalho)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2290
diff
changeset
|
6606 lua Compiled with Lua interface |Lua|. |
7 | 6607 mac Macintosh version of Vim. |
6608 macunix Macintosh version of Vim, using Unix files (OS-X). | |
6609 menu Compiled with support for |:menu|. | |
6610 mksession Compiled with support for |:mksession|. | |
6611 modify_fname Compiled with file name modifiers. |filename-modifiers| | |
6612 mouse Compiled with support mouse. | |
6613 mouse_dec Compiled with support for Dec terminal mouse. | |
6614 mouse_gpm Compiled with support for gpm (Linux console mouse) | |
6615 mouse_netterm Compiled with support for netterm mouse. | |
6616 mouse_pterm Compiled with support for qnx pterm mouse. | |
1621 | 6617 mouse_sysmouse Compiled with support for sysmouse (*BSD console mouse) |
3750 | 6618 mouse_sgr Compiled with support for sgr mouse. |
3224 | 6619 mouse_urxvt Compiled with support for urxvt mouse. |
7 | 6620 mouse_xterm Compiled with support for xterm mouse. |
2681 | 6621 mouseshape Compiled with support for 'mouseshape'. |
1768 | 6622 multi_byte Compiled with support for 'encoding' |
6623 multi_byte_encoding 'encoding' is set to a multi-byte encoding. | |
7 | 6624 multi_byte_ime Compiled with support for IME input method. |
6625 multi_lang Compiled with support for multiple languages. | |
14 | 6626 mzscheme Compiled with MzScheme interface |mzscheme|. |
2681 | 6627 netbeans_enabled Compiled with support for |netbeans| and connected. |
7 | 6628 netbeans_intg Compiled with support for |netbeans|. |
6629 ole Compiled with OLE automation support for Win32. | |
6630 os2 OS/2 version of Vim. | |
6631 path_extra Compiled with up/downwards search in 'path' and 'tags' | |
6632 perl Compiled with Perl interface. | |
2214
f8222d1f9a73
Included patch for persistent undo. Lots of changes and added test.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2210
diff
changeset
|
6633 persistent_undo Compiled with support for persistent undo history. |
7 | 6634 postscript Compiled with PostScript file printing. |
6635 printer Compiled with |:hardcopy| support. | |
170 | 6636 profile Compiled with |:profile| support. |
2826 | 6637 python Compiled with Python 2.x interface. |has-python| |
6638 python3 Compiled with Python 3.x interface. |has-python| | |
7 | 6639 qnx QNX version of Vim. |
6640 quickfix Compiled with |quickfix| support. | |
857 | 6641 reltime Compiled with |reltime()| support. |
7 | 6642 rightleft Compiled with 'rightleft' support. |
6643 ruby Compiled with Ruby interface |ruby|. | |
6644 scrollbind Compiled with 'scrollbind' support. | |
6645 showcmd Compiled with 'showcmd' support. | |
6646 signs Compiled with |:sign| support. | |
6647 smartindent Compiled with 'smartindent' support. | |
9 | 6648 sniff Compiled with SNiFF interface support. |
2681 | 6649 spell Compiled with spell checking support |spell|. |
1989 | 6650 startuptime Compiled with |--startuptime| support. |
7 | 6651 statusline Compiled with support for 'statusline', 'rulerformat' |
6652 and special formats of 'titlestring' and 'iconstring'. | |
6653 sun_workshop Compiled with support for Sun |workshop|. | |
314 | 6654 syntax Compiled with syntax highlighting support |syntax|. |
7 | 6655 syntax_items There are active syntax highlighting items for the |
6656 current buffer. | |
6657 system Compiled to use system() instead of fork()/exec(). | |
6658 tag_binary Compiled with binary searching in tags files | |
6659 |tag-binary-search|. | |
6660 tag_old_static Compiled with support for old static tags | |
6661 |tag-old-static|. | |
6662 tag_any_white Compiled with support for any white characters in tags | |
6663 files |tag-any-white|. | |
6664 tcl Compiled with Tcl interface. | |
6665 terminfo Compiled with terminfo instead of termcap. | |
6666 termresponse Compiled with support for |t_RV| and |v:termresponse|. | |
6667 textobjects Compiled with support for |text-objects|. | |
6668 tgetent Compiled with tgetent support, able to use a termcap | |
6669 or terminfo file. | |
6670 title Compiled with window title support |'title'|. | |
6671 toolbar Compiled with support for |gui-toolbar|. | |
6672 unix Unix version of Vim. | |
6673 user_commands User-defined commands. | |
2681 | 6674 vertsplit Compiled with vertically split windows |:vsplit|. |
2581 | 6675 vim_starting True while initial source'ing takes place. |startup| |
2681 | 6676 viminfo Compiled with viminfo support. |
7 | 6677 virtualedit Compiled with 'virtualedit' option. |
6678 visual Compiled with Visual mode. | |
6679 visualextra Compiled with extra Visual mode commands. | |
6680 |blockwise-operators|. | |
6681 vms VMS version of Vim. | |
6682 vreplace Compiled with |gR| and |gr| commands. | |
6683 wildignore Compiled with 'wildignore' option. | |
6684 wildmenu Compiled with 'wildmenu' option. | |
6685 win16 Win16 version of Vim (MS-Windows 3.1). | |
2698
b6471224d2af
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2681
diff
changeset
|
6686 win32 Win32 version of Vim (MS-Windows 95 and later, 32 or |
b6471224d2af
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2681
diff
changeset
|
6687 64 bits) |
2681 | 6688 win32unix Win32 version of Vim, using Unix files (Cygwin) |
7 | 6689 win64 Win64 version of Vim (MS-Windows 64 bit). |
6690 win95 Win32 version for MS-Windows 95/98/ME. | |
2681 | 6691 winaltkeys Compiled with 'winaltkeys' option. |
6692 windows Compiled with support for more than one window. | |
7 | 6693 writebackup Compiled with 'writebackup' default on. |
6694 xfontset Compiled with X fontset support |xfontset|. | |
6695 xim Compiled with X input method support |xim|. | |
5340 | 6696 xpm Compiled with pixmap support. |
6697 xpm_w32 Compiled with pixmap support for Win32. (Only for | |
6698 backward compatibility. Use "xpm" instead.) | |
7 | 6699 xsmp Compiled with X session management support. |
6700 xsmp_interact Compiled with interactive X session management support. | |
6701 xterm_clipboard Compiled with support for xterm clipboard. | |
6702 xterm_save Compiled with support for saving and restoring the | |
6703 xterm screen. | |
6704 x11 Compiled with X11 support. | |
6705 | |
6706 *string-match* | |
6707 Matching a pattern in a String | |
6708 | |
6709 A regexp pattern as explained at |pattern| is normally used to find a match in | |
6710 the buffer lines. When a pattern is used to find a match in a String, almost | |
6711 everything works in the same way. The difference is that a String is handled | |
6712 like it is one line. When it contains a "\n" character, this is not seen as a | |
6713 line break for the pattern. It can be matched with a "\n" in the pattern, or | |
6714 with ".". Example: > | |
6715 :let a = "aaaa\nxxxx" | |
6716 :echo matchstr(a, "..\n..") | |
6717 aa | |
6718 xx | |
6719 :echo matchstr(a, "a.x") | |
6720 a | |
6721 x | |
6722 | |
6723 Don't forget that "^" will only match at the first character of the String and | |
6724 "$" at the last character of the string. They don't match after or before a | |
6725 "\n". | |
6726 | |
6727 ============================================================================== | |
6728 5. Defining functions *user-functions* | |
6729 | |
6730 New functions can be defined. These can be called just like builtin | |
6731 functions. The function executes a sequence of Ex commands. Normal mode | |
6732 commands can be executed with the |:normal| command. | |
6733 | |
6734 The function name must start with an uppercase letter, to avoid confusion with | |
6735 builtin functions. To prevent from using the same name in different scripts | |
6736 avoid obvious, short names. A good habit is to start the function name with | |
6737 the name of the script, e.g., "HTMLcolor()". | |
6738 | |
504 | 6739 It's also possible to use curly braces, see |curly-braces-names|. And the |
6740 |autoload| facility is useful to define a function only when it's called. | |
7 | 6741 |
6742 *local-function* | |
6743 A function local to a script must start with "s:". A local script function | |
6744 can only be called from within the script and from functions, user commands | |
6745 and autocommands defined in the script. It is also possible to call the | |
1698 | 6746 function from a mapping defined in the script, but then |<SID>| must be used |
7 | 6747 instead of "s:" when the mapping is expanded outside of the script. |
5862 | 6748 There are only script-local functions, no buffer-local or window-local |
6749 functions. | |
7 | 6750 |
6751 *:fu* *:function* *E128* *E129* *E123* | |
6752 :fu[nction] List all functions and their arguments. | |
6753 | |
6754 :fu[nction] {name} List function {name}. | |
685 | 6755 {name} can also be a |Dictionary| entry that is a |
6756 |Funcref|: > | |
114 | 6757 :function dict.init |
504 | 6758 |
6759 :fu[nction] /{pattern} List functions with a name matching {pattern}. | |
6760 Example that lists all functions ending with "File": > | |
6761 :function /File$ | |
482 | 6762 < |
6763 *:function-verbose* | |
6764 When 'verbose' is non-zero, listing a function will also display where it was | |
6765 last defined. Example: > | |
6766 | |
6767 :verbose function SetFileTypeSH | |
6768 function SetFileTypeSH(name) | |
6769 Last set from /usr/share/vim/vim-7.0/filetype.vim | |
6770 < | |
484 | 6771 See |:verbose-cmd| for more information. |
482 | 6772 |
5862 | 6773 *E124* *E125* *E853* *E884* |
102 | 6774 :fu[nction][!] {name}([arguments]) [range] [abort] [dict] |
7 | 6775 Define a new function by the name {name}. The name |
6776 must be made of alphanumeric characters and '_', and | |
5862 | 6777 must start with a capital or "s:" (see above). Note |
6778 that using "b:" or "g:" is not allowed. (since patch | |
6779 7.4.260 E884 is given if the function name has a colon | |
6780 in the name, e.g. for "foo:bar()". Before that patch | |
6781 no error was given). | |
114 | 6782 |
685 | 6783 {name} can also be a |Dictionary| entry that is a |
6784 |Funcref|: > | |
114 | 6785 :function dict.init(arg) |
1621 | 6786 < "dict" must be an existing dictionary. The entry |
114 | 6787 "init" is added if it didn't exist yet. Otherwise [!] |
1621 | 6788 is required to overwrite an existing function. The |
114 | 6789 result is a |Funcref| to a numbered function. The |
6790 function can only be used with a |Funcref| and will be | |
6791 deleted if there are no more references to it. | |
7 | 6792 *E127* *E122* |
6793 When a function by this name already exists and [!] is | |
6794 not used an error message is given. When [!] is used, | |
6795 an existing function is silently replaced. Unless it | |
6796 is currently being executed, that is an error. | |
133 | 6797 |
6798 For the {arguments} see |function-argument|. | |
6799 | |
5618 | 6800 *:func-range* *a:firstline* *a:lastline* |
7 | 6801 When the [range] argument is added, the function is |
6802 expected to take care of a range itself. The range is | |
6803 passed as "a:firstline" and "a:lastline". If [range] | |
6804 is excluded, ":{range}call" will call the function for | |
6805 each line in the range, with the cursor on the start | |
6806 of each line. See |function-range-example|. | |
3967 | 6807 The cursor is still moved to the first line of the |
6808 range, as is the case with all Ex commands. | |
5618 | 6809 *:func-abort* |
7 | 6810 When the [abort] argument is added, the function will |
6811 abort as soon as an error is detected. | |
5618 | 6812 *:func-dict* |
102 | 6813 When the [dict] argument is added, the function must |
1621 | 6814 be invoked through an entry in a |Dictionary|. The |
102 | 6815 local variable "self" will then be set to the |
6816 dictionary. See |Dictionary-function|. | |
7 | 6817 |
1621 | 6818 *function-search-undo* |
653 | 6819 The last used search pattern and the redo command "." |
1621 | 6820 will not be changed by the function. This also |
6821 implies that the effect of |:nohlsearch| is undone | |
6822 when the function returns. | |
653 | 6823 |
7 | 6824 *:endf* *:endfunction* *E126* *E193* |
6825 :endf[unction] The end of a function definition. Must be on a line | |
6826 by its own, without other commands. | |
6827 | |
6828 *:delf* *:delfunction* *E130* *E131* | |
6829 :delf[unction] {name} Delete function {name}. | |
685 | 6830 {name} can also be a |Dictionary| entry that is a |
6831 |Funcref|: > | |
114 | 6832 :delfunc dict.init |
1621 | 6833 < This will remove the "init" entry from "dict". The |
114 | 6834 function is deleted if there are no more references to |
6835 it. | |
7 | 6836 *:retu* *:return* *E133* |
6837 :retu[rn] [expr] Return from a function. When "[expr]" is given, it is | |
6838 evaluated and returned as the result of the function. | |
6839 If "[expr]" is not given, the number 0 is returned. | |
6840 When a function ends without an explicit ":return", | |
6841 the number 0 is returned. | |
6842 Note that there is no check for unreachable lines, | |
6843 thus there is no warning if commands follow ":return". | |
6844 | |
6845 If the ":return" is used after a |:try| but before the | |
6846 matching |:finally| (if present), the commands | |
6847 following the ":finally" up to the matching |:endtry| | |
6848 are executed first. This process applies to all | |
6849 nested ":try"s inside the function. The function | |
6850 returns at the outermost ":endtry". | |
6851 | |
133 | 6852 *function-argument* *a:var* |
1621 | 6853 An argument can be defined by giving its name. In the function this can then |
133 | 6854 be used as "a:name" ("a:" for argument). |
1156 | 6855 *a:0* *a:1* *a:000* *E740* *...* |
133 | 6856 Up to 20 arguments can be given, separated by commas. After the named |
6857 arguments an argument "..." can be specified, which means that more arguments | |
6858 may optionally be following. In the function the extra arguments can be used | |
6859 as "a:1", "a:2", etc. "a:0" is set to the number of extra arguments (which | |
685 | 6860 can be 0). "a:000" is set to a |List| that contains these arguments. Note |
6861 that "a:1" is the same as "a:000[0]". | |
148 | 6862 *E742* |
6863 The a: scope and the variables in it cannot be changed, they are fixed. | |
1698 | 6864 However, if a |List| or |Dictionary| is used, you can change their contents. |
685 | 6865 Thus you can pass a |List| to a function and have the function add an item to |
6866 it. If you want to make sure the function cannot change a |List| or | |
6867 |Dictionary| use |:lockvar|. | |
133 | 6868 |
6869 When not using "...", the number of arguments in a function call must be equal | |
6870 to the number of named arguments. When using "...", the number of arguments | |
6871 may be larger. | |
6872 | |
6873 It is also possible to define a function without any arguments. You must | |
6874 still supply the () then. The body of the function follows in the next lines, | |
6875 until the matching |:endfunction|. It is allowed to define another function | |
6876 inside a function body. | |
6877 | |
6878 *local-variables* | |
7 | 6879 Inside a function variables can be used. These are local variables, which |
6880 will disappear when the function returns. Global variables need to be | |
6881 accessed with "g:". | |
6882 | |
6883 Example: > | |
6884 :function Table(title, ...) | |
6885 : echohl Title | |
6886 : echo a:title | |
6887 : echohl None | |
140 | 6888 : echo a:0 . " items:" |
6889 : for s in a:000 | |
6890 : echon ' ' . s | |
6891 : endfor | |
7 | 6892 :endfunction |
6893 | |
6894 This function can then be called with: > | |
140 | 6895 call Table("Table", "line1", "line2") |
6896 call Table("Empty Table") | |
7 | 6897 |
1156 | 6898 To return more than one value, return a |List|: > |
6899 :function Compute(n1, n2) | |
7 | 6900 : if a:n2 == 0 |
1156 | 6901 : return ["fail", 0] |
7 | 6902 : endif |
1156 | 6903 : return ["ok", a:n1 / a:n2] |
7 | 6904 :endfunction |
6905 | |
6906 This function can then be called with: > | |
1156 | 6907 :let [success, div] = Compute(102, 6) |
7 | 6908 :if success == "ok" |
6909 : echo div | |
6910 :endif | |
1156 | 6911 < |
786 | 6912 *:cal* *:call* *E107* *E117* |
7 | 6913 :[range]cal[l] {name}([arguments]) |
6914 Call a function. The name of the function and its arguments | |
6915 are as specified with |:function|. Up to 20 arguments can be | |
1156 | 6916 used. The returned value is discarded. |
7 | 6917 Without a range and for functions that accept a range, the |
6918 function is called once. When a range is given the cursor is | |
6919 positioned at the start of the first line before executing the | |
6920 function. | |
6921 When a range is given and the function doesn't handle it | |
6922 itself, the function is executed for each line in the range, | |
6923 with the cursor in the first column of that line. The cursor | |
6924 is left at the last line (possibly moved by the last function | |
1621 | 6925 call). The arguments are re-evaluated for each line. Thus |
7 | 6926 this works: |
6927 *function-range-example* > | |
6928 :function Mynumber(arg) | |
6929 : echo line(".") . " " . a:arg | |
6930 :endfunction | |
6931 :1,5call Mynumber(getline(".")) | |
6932 < | |
6933 The "a:firstline" and "a:lastline" are defined anyway, they | |
6934 can be used to do something different at the start or end of | |
6935 the range. | |
6936 | |
6937 Example of a function that handles the range itself: > | |
6938 | |
6939 :function Cont() range | |
6940 : execute (a:firstline + 1) . "," . a:lastline . 's/^/\t\\ ' | |
6941 :endfunction | |
6942 :4,8call Cont() | |
6943 < | |
6944 This function inserts the continuation character "\" in front | |
6945 of all the lines in the range, except the first one. | |
6946 | |
1156 | 6947 When the function returns a composite value it can be further |
6948 dereferenced, but the range will not be used then. Example: > | |
6949 :4,8call GetDict().method() | |
6950 < Here GetDict() gets the range but method() does not. | |
6951 | |
7 | 6952 *E132* |
6953 The recursiveness of user functions is restricted with the |'maxfuncdepth'| | |
6954 option. | |
6955 | |
161 | 6956 |
6957 AUTOMATICALLY LOADING FUNCTIONS ~ | |
7 | 6958 *autoload-functions* |
6959 When using many or large functions, it's possible to automatically define them | |
161 | 6960 only when they are used. There are two methods: with an autocommand and with |
6961 the "autoload" directory in 'runtimepath'. | |
6962 | |
6963 | |
6964 Using an autocommand ~ | |
6965 | |
170 | 6966 This is introduced in the user manual, section |41.14|. |
6967 | |
161 | 6968 The autocommand is useful if you have a plugin that is a long Vim script file. |
6969 You can define the autocommand and quickly quit the script with |:finish|. | |
1621 | 6970 That makes Vim startup faster. The autocommand should then load the same file |
161 | 6971 again, setting a variable to skip the |:finish| command. |
6972 | |
6973 Use the FuncUndefined autocommand event with a pattern that matches the | |
6974 function(s) to be defined. Example: > | |
7 | 6975 |
6976 :au FuncUndefined BufNet* source ~/vim/bufnetfuncs.vim | |
6977 | |
6978 The file "~/vim/bufnetfuncs.vim" should then define functions that start with | |
6979 "BufNet". Also see |FuncUndefined|. | |
6980 | |
161 | 6981 |
6982 Using an autoload script ~ | |
168 | 6983 *autoload* *E746* |
170 | 6984 This is introduced in the user manual, section |41.15|. |
6985 | |
161 | 6986 Using a script in the "autoload" directory is simpler, but requires using |
6987 exactly the right file name. A function that can be autoloaded has a name | |
6988 like this: > | |
6989 | |
270 | 6990 :call filename#funcname() |
161 | 6991 |
6992 When such a function is called, and it is not defined yet, Vim will search the | |
6993 "autoload" directories in 'runtimepath' for a script file called | |
6994 "filename.vim". For example "~/.vim/autoload/filename.vim". That file should | |
6995 then define the function like this: > | |
6996 | |
270 | 6997 function filename#funcname() |
161 | 6998 echo "Done!" |
6999 endfunction | |
7000 | |
530 | 7001 The file name and the name used before the # in the function must match |
161 | 7002 exactly, and the defined function must have the name exactly as it will be |
7003 called. | |
7004 | |
270 | 7005 It is possible to use subdirectories. Every # in the function name works like |
7006 a path separator. Thus when calling a function: > | |
7007 | |
7008 :call foo#bar#func() | |
161 | 7009 |
7010 Vim will look for the file "autoload/foo/bar.vim" in 'runtimepath'. | |
7011 | |
168 | 7012 This also works when reading a variable that has not been set yet: > |
7013 | |
270 | 7014 :let l = foo#bar#lvar |
168 | 7015 |
557 | 7016 However, when the autoload script was already loaded it won't be loaded again |
7017 for an unknown variable. | |
7018 | |
168 | 7019 When assigning a value to such a variable nothing special happens. This can |
7020 be used to pass settings to the autoload script before it's loaded: > | |
7021 | |
270 | 7022 :let foo#bar#toggle = 1 |
7023 :call foo#bar#func() | |
168 | 7024 |
164 | 7025 Note that when you make a mistake and call a function that is supposed to be |
7026 defined in an autoload script, but the script doesn't actually define the | |
7027 function, the script will be sourced every time you try to call the function. | |
168 | 7028 And you will get an error message every time. |
7029 | |
7030 Also note that if you have two script files, and one calls a function in the | |
1621 | 7031 other and vice versa, before the used function is defined, it won't work. |
168 | 7032 Avoid using the autoload functionality at the toplevel. |
161 | 7033 |
794 | 7034 Hint: If you distribute a bunch of scripts you can pack them together with the |
7035 |vimball| utility. Also read the user manual |distribute-script|. | |
7036 | |
7 | 7037 ============================================================================== |
7038 6. Curly braces names *curly-braces-names* | |
7039 | |
3410
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7040 In most places where you can use a variable, you can use a "curly braces name" |
94601b379f38
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7041 variable. This is a regular variable name with one or more expressions |
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7042 wrapped in braces {} like this: > |
7 | 7043 my_{adjective}_variable |
7044 | |
7045 When Vim encounters this, it evaluates the expression inside the braces, puts | |
7046 that in place of the expression, and re-interprets the whole as a variable | |
7047 name. So in the above example, if the variable "adjective" was set to | |
7048 "noisy", then the reference would be to "my_noisy_variable", whereas if | |
7049 "adjective" was set to "quiet", then it would be to "my_quiet_variable". | |
7050 | |
7051 One application for this is to create a set of variables governed by an option | |
1621 | 7052 value. For example, the statement > |
7 | 7053 echo my_{&background}_message |
7054 | |
7055 would output the contents of "my_dark_message" or "my_light_message" depending | |
7056 on the current value of 'background'. | |
7057 | |
7058 You can use multiple brace pairs: > | |
7059 echo my_{adverb}_{adjective}_message | |
7060 ..or even nest them: > | |
7061 echo my_{ad{end_of_word}}_message | |
7062 where "end_of_word" is either "verb" or "jective". | |
7063 | |
7064 However, the expression inside the braces must evaluate to a valid single | |
236 | 7065 variable name, e.g. this is invalid: > |
7 | 7066 :let foo='a + b' |
7067 :echo c{foo}d | |
7068 .. since the result of expansion is "ca + bd", which is not a variable name. | |
7069 | |
7070 *curly-braces-function-names* | |
7071 You can call and define functions by an evaluated name in a similar way. | |
7072 Example: > | |
7073 :let func_end='whizz' | |
7074 :call my_func_{func_end}(parameter) | |
7075 | |
7076 This would call the function "my_func_whizz(parameter)". | |
7077 | |
3410
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changeset
|
7078 This does NOT work: > |
94601b379f38
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
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changeset
|
7079 :let i = 3 |
94601b379f38
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|
7080 :let @{i} = '' " error |
94601b379f38
Updated runtime files. Add Dutch translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
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diff
changeset
|
7081 :echo @{i} " error |
94601b379f38
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diff
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|
7082 |
7 | 7083 ============================================================================== |
7084 7. Commands *expression-commands* | |
7085 | |
7086 :let {var-name} = {expr1} *:let* *E18* | |
7087 Set internal variable {var-name} to the result of the | |
7088 expression {expr1}. The variable will get the type | |
7089 from the {expr}. If {var-name} didn't exist yet, it | |
7090 is created. | |
7091 | |
85 | 7092 :let {var-name}[{idx}] = {expr1} *E689* |
7093 Set a list item to the result of the expression | |
7094 {expr1}. {var-name} must refer to a list and {idx} | |
7095 must be a valid index in that list. For nested list | |
7096 the index can be repeated. | |
1621 | 7097 This cannot be used to add an item to a |List|. |
7098 This cannot be used to set a byte in a String. You | |
7099 can do that like this: > | |
7100 :let var = var[0:2] . 'X' . var[4:] | |
7101 < | |
114 | 7102 *E711* *E719* |
7103 :let {var-name}[{idx1}:{idx2}] = {expr1} *E708* *E709* *E710* | |
685 | 7104 Set a sequence of items in a |List| to the result of |
7105 the expression {expr1}, which must be a list with the | |
87 | 7106 correct number of items. |
7107 {idx1} can be omitted, zero is used instead. | |
7108 {idx2} can be omitted, meaning the end of the list. | |
7109 When the selected range of items is partly past the | |
7110 end of the list, items will be added. | |
7111 | |
153 | 7112 *:let+=* *:let-=* *:let.=* *E734* |
114 | 7113 :let {var} += {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} + {expr1}". |
7114 :let {var} -= {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} - {expr1}". | |
7115 :let {var} .= {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} . {expr1}". | |
7116 These fail if {var} was not set yet and when the type | |
7117 of {var} and {expr1} don't fit the operator. | |
7118 | |
7119 | |
7 | 7120 :let ${env-name} = {expr1} *:let-environment* *:let-$* |
7121 Set environment variable {env-name} to the result of | |
7122 the expression {expr1}. The type is always String. | |
114 | 7123 :let ${env-name} .= {expr1} |
7124 Append {expr1} to the environment variable {env-name}. | |
7125 If the environment variable didn't exist yet this | |
7126 works like "=". | |
7 | 7127 |
7128 :let @{reg-name} = {expr1} *:let-register* *:let-@* | |
7129 Write the result of the expression {expr1} in register | |
7130 {reg-name}. {reg-name} must be a single letter, and | |
7131 must be the name of a writable register (see | |
7132 |registers|). "@@" can be used for the unnamed | |
7133 register, "@/" for the search pattern. | |
7134 If the result of {expr1} ends in a <CR> or <NL>, the | |
7135 register will be linewise, otherwise it will be set to | |
7136 characterwise. | |
7137 This can be used to clear the last search pattern: > | |
7138 :let @/ = "" | |
7139 < This is different from searching for an empty string, | |
7140 that would match everywhere. | |
7141 | |
114 | 7142 :let @{reg-name} .= {expr1} |
1621 | 7143 Append {expr1} to register {reg-name}. If the |
114 | 7144 register was empty it's like setting it to {expr1}. |
7145 | |
1156 | 7146 :let &{option-name} = {expr1} *:let-option* *:let-&* |
7 | 7147 Set option {option-name} to the result of the |
68 | 7148 expression {expr1}. A String or Number value is |
7149 always converted to the type of the option. | |
7 | 7150 For an option local to a window or buffer the effect |
7151 is just like using the |:set| command: both the local | |
555 | 7152 value and the global value are changed. |
68 | 7153 Example: > |
7154 :let &path = &path . ',/usr/local/include' | |
7 | 7155 |
114 | 7156 :let &{option-name} .= {expr1} |
7157 For a string option: Append {expr1} to the value. | |
7158 Does not insert a comma like |:set+=|. | |
7159 | |
7160 :let &{option-name} += {expr1} | |
7161 :let &{option-name} -= {expr1} | |
7162 For a number or boolean option: Add or subtract | |
7163 {expr1}. | |
7164 | |
7 | 7165 :let &l:{option-name} = {expr1} |
114 | 7166 :let &l:{option-name} .= {expr1} |
7167 :let &l:{option-name} += {expr1} | |
7168 :let &l:{option-name} -= {expr1} | |
7 | 7169 Like above, but only set the local value of an option |
7170 (if there is one). Works like |:setlocal|. | |
7171 | |
7172 :let &g:{option-name} = {expr1} | |
114 | 7173 :let &g:{option-name} .= {expr1} |
7174 :let &g:{option-name} += {expr1} | |
7175 :let &g:{option-name} -= {expr1} | |
7 | 7176 Like above, but only set the global value of an option |
7177 (if there is one). Works like |:setglobal|. | |
7178 | |
85 | 7179 :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] = {expr1} *:let-unpack* *E687* *E688* |
685 | 7180 {expr1} must evaluate to a |List|. The first item in |
68 | 7181 the list is assigned to {name1}, the second item to |
7182 {name2}, etc. | |
7183 The number of names must match the number of items in | |
685 | 7184 the |List|. |
68 | 7185 Each name can be one of the items of the ":let" |
7186 command as mentioned above. | |
7187 Example: > | |
7188 :let [s, item] = GetItem(s) | |
114 | 7189 < Detail: {expr1} is evaluated first, then the |
7190 assignments are done in sequence. This matters if | |
7191 {name2} depends on {name1}. Example: > | |
7192 :let x = [0, 1] | |
7193 :let i = 0 | |
7194 :let [i, x[i]] = [1, 2] | |
7195 :echo x | |
7196 < The result is [0, 2]. | |
7197 | |
7198 :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] .= {expr1} | |
7199 :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] += {expr1} | |
7200 :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] -= {expr1} | |
7201 Like above, but append/add/subtract the value for each | |
685 | 7202 |List| item. |
68 | 7203 |
7204 :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] = {expr1} | |
685 | 7205 Like |:let-unpack| above, but the |List| may have more |
114 | 7206 items than there are names. A list of the remaining |
7207 items is assigned to {lastname}. If there are no | |
7208 remaining items {lastname} is set to an empty list. | |
68 | 7209 Example: > |
7210 :let [a, b; rest] = ["aval", "bval", 3, 4] | |
7211 < | |
114 | 7212 :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] .= {expr1} |
7213 :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] += {expr1} | |
7214 :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] -= {expr1} | |
7215 Like above, but append/add/subtract the value for each | |
685 | 7216 |List| item. |
2596 | 7217 |
7218 *E121* | |
1621 | 7219 :let {var-name} .. List the value of variable {var-name}. Multiple |
123 | 7220 variable names may be given. Special names recognized |
7221 here: *E738* | |
777 | 7222 g: global variables |
7223 b: local buffer variables | |
7224 w: local window variables | |
819 | 7225 t: local tab page variables |
777 | 7226 s: script-local variables |
7227 l: local function variables | |
123 | 7228 v: Vim variables. |
7 | 7229 |
55 | 7230 :let List the values of all variables. The type of the |
7231 variable is indicated before the value: | |
7232 <nothing> String | |
7233 # Number | |
856 | 7234 * Funcref |
7 | 7235 |
148 | 7236 |
1156 | 7237 :unl[et][!] {name} ... *:unlet* *:unl* *E108* *E795* |
148 | 7238 Remove the internal variable {name}. Several variable |
7239 names can be given, they are all removed. The name | |
685 | 7240 may also be a |List| or |Dictionary| item. |
7 | 7241 With [!] no error message is given for non-existing |
7242 variables. | |
685 | 7243 One or more items from a |List| can be removed: > |
108 | 7244 :unlet list[3] " remove fourth item |
7245 :unlet list[3:] " remove fourth item to last | |
685 | 7246 < One item from a |Dictionary| can be removed at a time: > |
108 | 7247 :unlet dict['two'] |
7248 :unlet dict.two | |
1668 | 7249 < This is especially useful to clean up used global |
7250 variables and script-local variables (these are not | |
7251 deleted when the script ends). Function-local | |
7252 variables are automatically deleted when the function | |
7253 ends. | |
7 | 7254 |
148 | 7255 :lockv[ar][!] [depth] {name} ... *:lockvar* *:lockv* |
7256 Lock the internal variable {name}. Locking means that | |
7257 it can no longer be changed (until it is unlocked). | |
7258 A locked variable can be deleted: > | |
7259 :lockvar v | |
7260 :let v = 'asdf' " fails! | |
7261 :unlet v | |
7262 < *E741* | |
7263 If you try to change a locked variable you get an | |
7264 error message: "E741: Value of {name} is locked" | |
7265 | |
685 | 7266 [depth] is relevant when locking a |List| or |
7267 |Dictionary|. It specifies how deep the locking goes: | |
7268 1 Lock the |List| or |Dictionary| itself, | |
148 | 7269 cannot add or remove items, but can |
7270 still change their values. | |
7271 2 Also lock the values, cannot change | |
685 | 7272 the items. If an item is a |List| or |
7273 |Dictionary|, cannot add or remove | |
148 | 7274 items, but can still change the |
7275 values. | |
685 | 7276 3 Like 2 but for the |List| / |
7277 |Dictionary| in the |List| / | |
7278 |Dictionary|, one level deeper. | |
7279 The default [depth] is 2, thus when {name} is a |List| | |
7280 or |Dictionary| the values cannot be changed. | |
148 | 7281 *E743* |
7282 For unlimited depth use [!] and omit [depth]. | |
7283 However, there is a maximum depth of 100 to catch | |
7284 loops. | |
7285 | |
685 | 7286 Note that when two variables refer to the same |List| |
7287 and you lock one of them, the |List| will also be | |
819 | 7288 locked when used through the other variable. |
7289 Example: > | |
148 | 7290 :let l = [0, 1, 2, 3] |
7291 :let cl = l | |
7292 :lockvar l | |
7293 :let cl[1] = 99 " won't work! | |
7294 < You may want to make a copy of a list to avoid this. | |
7295 See |deepcopy()|. | |
7296 | |
7297 | |
7298 :unlo[ckvar][!] [depth] {name} ... *:unlockvar* *:unlo* | |
7299 Unlock the internal variable {name}. Does the | |
7300 opposite of |:lockvar|. | |
7301 | |
7302 | |
7 | 7303 :if {expr1} *:if* *:endif* *:en* *E171* *E579* *E580* |
7304 :en[dif] Execute the commands until the next matching ":else" | |
7305 or ":endif" if {expr1} evaluates to non-zero. | |
7306 | |
7307 From Vim version 4.5 until 5.0, every Ex command in | |
7308 between the ":if" and ":endif" is ignored. These two | |
7309 commands were just to allow for future expansions in a | |
7310 backwards compatible way. Nesting was allowed. Note | |
7311 that any ":else" or ":elseif" was ignored, the "else" | |
7312 part was not executed either. | |
7313 | |
7314 You can use this to remain compatible with older | |
7315 versions: > | |
7316 :if version >= 500 | |
7317 : version-5-specific-commands | |
7318 :endif | |
7319 < The commands still need to be parsed to find the | |
7320 "endif". Sometimes an older Vim has a problem with a | |
7321 new command. For example, ":silent" is recognized as | |
7322 a ":substitute" command. In that case ":execute" can | |
7323 avoid problems: > | |
7324 :if version >= 600 | |
7325 : execute "silent 1,$delete" | |
7326 :endif | |
7327 < | |
7328 NOTE: The ":append" and ":insert" commands don't work | |
7329 properly in between ":if" and ":endif". | |
7330 | |
7331 *:else* *:el* *E581* *E583* | |
7332 :el[se] Execute the commands until the next matching ":else" | |
7333 or ":endif" if they previously were not being | |
7334 executed. | |
7335 | |
7336 *:elseif* *:elsei* *E582* *E584* | |
7337 :elsei[f] {expr1} Short for ":else" ":if", with the addition that there | |
7338 is no extra ":endif". | |
7339 | |
7340 :wh[ile] {expr1} *:while* *:endwhile* *:wh* *:endw* | |
114 | 7341 *E170* *E585* *E588* *E733* |
7 | 7342 :endw[hile] Repeat the commands between ":while" and ":endwhile", |
7343 as long as {expr1} evaluates to non-zero. | |
7344 When an error is detected from a command inside the | |
7345 loop, execution continues after the "endwhile". | |
75 | 7346 Example: > |
7347 :let lnum = 1 | |
7348 :while lnum <= line("$") | |
7349 :call FixLine(lnum) | |
7350 :let lnum = lnum + 1 | |
7351 :endwhile | |
7352 < | |
7 | 7353 NOTE: The ":append" and ":insert" commands don't work |
99 | 7354 properly inside a ":while" and ":for" loop. |
75 | 7355 |
114 | 7356 :for {var} in {list} *:for* *E690* *E732* |
75 | 7357 :endfo[r] *:endfo* *:endfor* |
7358 Repeat the commands between ":for" and ":endfor" for | |
158 | 7359 each item in {list}. Variable {var} is set to the |
79 | 7360 value of each item. |
7361 When an error is detected for a command inside the | |
75 | 7362 loop, execution continues after the "endfor". |
464 | 7363 Changing {list} inside the loop affects what items are |
7364 used. Make a copy if this is unwanted: > | |
79 | 7365 :for item in copy(mylist) |
7366 < When not making a copy, Vim stores a reference to the | |
7367 next item in the list, before executing the commands | |
1621 | 7368 with the current item. Thus the current item can be |
79 | 7369 removed without effect. Removing any later item means |
7370 it will not be found. Thus the following example | |
7371 works (an inefficient way to make a list empty): > | |
2033
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diff
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|
7372 for item in mylist |
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diff
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|
7373 call remove(mylist, 0) |
de5a43c5eedc
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
7374 endfor |
87 | 7375 < Note that reordering the list (e.g., with sort() or |
7376 reverse()) may have unexpected effects. | |
7377 Note that the type of each list item should be | |
75 | 7378 identical to avoid errors for the type of {var} |
7379 changing. Unlet the variable at the end of the loop | |
2033
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diff
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|
7380 to allow multiple item types: > |
de5a43c5eedc
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parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
7381 for item in ["foo", ["bar"]] |
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
7382 echo item |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
7383 unlet item " E706 without this |
de5a43c5eedc
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
7384 endfor |
75 | 7385 |
7386 :for [{var1}, {var2}, ...] in {listlist} | |
7387 :endfo[r] | |
7388 Like ":for" above, but each item in {listlist} must be | |
7389 a list, of which each item is assigned to {var1}, | |
7390 {var2}, etc. Example: > | |
7391 :for [lnum, col] in [[1, 3], [2, 5], [3, 8]] | |
7392 :echo getline(lnum)[col] | |
7393 :endfor | |
7394 < | |
7 | 7395 *:continue* *:con* *E586* |
75 | 7396 :con[tinue] When used inside a ":while" or ":for" loop, jumps back |
7397 to the start of the loop. | |
7398 If it is used after a |:try| inside the loop but | |
7399 before the matching |:finally| (if present), the | |
7400 commands following the ":finally" up to the matching | |
7401 |:endtry| are executed first. This process applies to | |
7402 all nested ":try"s inside the loop. The outermost | |
7403 ":endtry" then jumps back to the start of the loop. | |
7 | 7404 |
7405 *:break* *:brea* *E587* | |
75 | 7406 :brea[k] When used inside a ":while" or ":for" loop, skips to |
7407 the command after the matching ":endwhile" or | |
7408 ":endfor". | |
7409 If it is used after a |:try| inside the loop but | |
7410 before the matching |:finally| (if present), the | |
7411 commands following the ":finally" up to the matching | |
7412 |:endtry| are executed first. This process applies to | |
7413 all nested ":try"s inside the loop. The outermost | |
7414 ":endtry" then jumps to the command after the loop. | |
7 | 7415 |
7416 :try *:try* *:endt* *:endtry* *E600* *E601* *E602* | |
7417 :endt[ry] Change the error handling for the commands between | |
7418 ":try" and ":endtry" including everything being | |
7419 executed across ":source" commands, function calls, | |
7420 or autocommand invocations. | |
7421 | |
7422 When an error or interrupt is detected and there is | |
7423 a |:finally| command following, execution continues | |
7424 after the ":finally". Otherwise, or when the | |
7425 ":endtry" is reached thereafter, the next | |
7426 (dynamically) surrounding ":try" is checked for | |
7427 a corresponding ":finally" etc. Then the script | |
7428 processing is terminated. (Whether a function | |
7429 definition has an "abort" argument does not matter.) | |
7430 Example: > | |
7431 :try | edit too much | finally | echo "cleanup" | endtry | |
7432 :echo "impossible" " not reached, script terminated above | |
7433 < | |
7434 Moreover, an error or interrupt (dynamically) inside | |
7435 ":try" and ":endtry" is converted to an exception. It | |
7436 can be caught as if it were thrown by a |:throw| | |
7437 command (see |:catch|). In this case, the script | |
7438 processing is not terminated. | |
7439 | |
7440 The value "Vim:Interrupt" is used for an interrupt | |
7441 exception. An error in a Vim command is converted | |
7442 to a value of the form "Vim({command}):{errmsg}", | |
7443 other errors are converted to a value of the form | |
7444 "Vim:{errmsg}". {command} is the full command name, | |
7445 and {errmsg} is the message that is displayed if the | |
7446 error exception is not caught, always beginning with | |
7447 the error number. | |
7448 Examples: > | |
7449 :try | sleep 100 | catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/ | endtry | |
7450 :try | edit | catch /^Vim(edit):E\d\+/ | echo "error" | endtry | |
7451 < | |
7452 *:cat* *:catch* *E603* *E604* *E605* | |
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diff
changeset
|
7453 :cat[ch] /{pattern}/ The following commands until the next |:catch|, |
7 | 7454 |:finally|, or |:endtry| that belongs to the same |
7455 |:try| as the ":catch" are executed when an exception | |
7456 matching {pattern} is being thrown and has not yet | |
7457 been caught by a previous ":catch". Otherwise, these | |
7458 commands are skipped. | |
7459 When {pattern} is omitted all errors are caught. | |
7460 Examples: > | |
7461 :catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/ " catch interrupts (CTRL-C) | |
7462 :catch /^Vim\%((\a\+)\)\=:E/ " catch all Vim errors | |
7463 :catch /^Vim\%((\a\+)\)\=:/ " catch errors and interrupts | |
7464 :catch /^Vim(write):/ " catch all errors in :write | |
7465 :catch /^Vim\%((\a\+)\)\=:E123/ " catch error E123 | |
7466 :catch /my-exception/ " catch user exception | |
7467 :catch /.*/ " catch everything | |
7468 :catch " same as /.*/ | |
7469 < | |
7470 Another character can be used instead of / around the | |
7471 {pattern}, so long as it does not have a special | |
7472 meaning (e.g., '|' or '"') and doesn't occur inside | |
7473 {pattern}. | |
5814 | 7474 Information about the exception is available in |
7475 |v:exception|. Also see |throw-variables|. | |
7 | 7476 NOTE: It is not reliable to ":catch" the TEXT of |
7477 an error message because it may vary in different | |
7478 locales. | |
7479 | |
7480 *:fina* *:finally* *E606* *E607* | |
7481 :fina[lly] The following commands until the matching |:endtry| | |
7482 are executed whenever the part between the matching | |
7483 |:try| and the ":finally" is left: either by falling | |
7484 through to the ":finally" or by a |:continue|, | |
7485 |:break|, |:finish|, or |:return|, or by an error or | |
7486 interrupt or exception (see |:throw|). | |
7487 | |
7488 *:th* *:throw* *E608* | |
7489 :th[row] {expr1} The {expr1} is evaluated and thrown as an exception. | |
7490 If the ":throw" is used after a |:try| but before the | |
7491 first corresponding |:catch|, commands are skipped | |
7492 until the first ":catch" matching {expr1} is reached. | |
7493 If there is no such ":catch" or if the ":throw" is | |
7494 used after a ":catch" but before the |:finally|, the | |
7495 commands following the ":finally" (if present) up to | |
7496 the matching |:endtry| are executed. If the ":throw" | |
7497 is after the ":finally", commands up to the ":endtry" | |
7498 are skipped. At the ":endtry", this process applies | |
7499 again for the next dynamically surrounding ":try" | |
7500 (which may be found in a calling function or sourcing | |
7501 script), until a matching ":catch" has been found. | |
7502 If the exception is not caught, the command processing | |
7503 is terminated. | |
7504 Example: > | |
7505 :try | throw "oops" | catch /^oo/ | echo "caught" | endtry | |
2725 | 7506 < Note that "catch" may need to be on a separate line |
7507 for when an error causes the parsing to skip the whole | |
7508 line and not see the "|" that separates the commands. | |
7 | 7509 |
7510 *:ec* *:echo* | |
7511 :ec[ho] {expr1} .. Echoes each {expr1}, with a space in between. The | |
7512 first {expr1} starts on a new line. | |
7513 Also see |:comment|. | |
7514 Use "\n" to start a new line. Use "\r" to move the | |
7515 cursor to the first column. | |
7516 Uses the highlighting set by the |:echohl| command. | |
7517 Cannot be followed by a comment. | |
7518 Example: > | |
7519 :echo "the value of 'shell' is" &shell | |
1156 | 7520 < *:echo-redraw* |
7521 A later redraw may make the message disappear again. | |
7522 And since Vim mostly postpones redrawing until it's | |
7523 finished with a sequence of commands this happens | |
7524 quite often. To avoid that a command from before the | |
7525 ":echo" causes a redraw afterwards (redraws are often | |
7526 postponed until you type something), force a redraw | |
7527 with the |:redraw| command. Example: > | |
7 | 7528 :new | redraw | echo "there is a new window" |
7529 < | |
7530 *:echon* | |
7531 :echon {expr1} .. Echoes each {expr1}, without anything added. Also see | |
7532 |:comment|. | |
7533 Uses the highlighting set by the |:echohl| command. | |
7534 Cannot be followed by a comment. | |
7535 Example: > | |
7536 :echon "the value of 'shell' is " &shell | |
7537 < | |
7538 Note the difference between using ":echo", which is a | |
7539 Vim command, and ":!echo", which is an external shell | |
7540 command: > | |
7541 :!echo % --> filename | |
7542 < The arguments of ":!" are expanded, see |:_%|. > | |
7543 :!echo "%" --> filename or "filename" | |
7544 < Like the previous example. Whether you see the double | |
7545 quotes or not depends on your 'shell'. > | |
7546 :echo % --> nothing | |
7547 < The '%' is an illegal character in an expression. > | |
7548 :echo "%" --> % | |
7549 < This just echoes the '%' character. > | |
7550 :echo expand("%") --> filename | |
7551 < This calls the expand() function to expand the '%'. | |
7552 | |
7553 *:echoh* *:echohl* | |
7554 :echoh[l] {name} Use the highlight group {name} for the following | |
7555 |:echo|, |:echon| and |:echomsg| commands. Also used | |
7556 for the |input()| prompt. Example: > | |
7557 :echohl WarningMsg | echo "Don't panic!" | echohl None | |
7558 < Don't forget to set the group back to "None", | |
7559 otherwise all following echo's will be highlighted. | |
7560 | |
7561 *:echom* *:echomsg* | |
7562 :echom[sg] {expr1} .. Echo the expression(s) as a true message, saving the | |
7563 message in the |message-history|. | |
7564 Spaces are placed between the arguments as with the | |
7565 |:echo| command. But unprintable characters are | |
7566 displayed, not interpreted. | |
1156 | 7567 The parsing works slightly different from |:echo|, |
7568 more like |:execute|. All the expressions are first | |
7569 evaluated and concatenated before echoing anything. | |
7570 The expressions must evaluate to a Number or String, a | |
7571 Dictionary or List causes an error. | |
7 | 7572 Uses the highlighting set by the |:echohl| command. |
7573 Example: > | |
7574 :echomsg "It's a Zizzer Zazzer Zuzz, as you can plainly see." | |
1156 | 7575 < See |:echo-redraw| to avoid the message disappearing |
7576 when the screen is redrawn. | |
7 | 7577 *:echoe* *:echoerr* |
7578 :echoe[rr] {expr1} .. Echo the expression(s) as an error message, saving the | |
7579 message in the |message-history|. When used in a | |
7580 script or function the line number will be added. | |
7581 Spaces are placed between the arguments as with the | |
1621 | 7582 :echo command. When used inside a try conditional, |
7 | 7583 the message is raised as an error exception instead |
7584 (see |try-echoerr|). | |
7585 Example: > | |
7586 :echoerr "This script just failed!" | |
7587 < If you just want a highlighted message use |:echohl|. | |
7588 And to get a beep: > | |
7589 :exe "normal \<Esc>" | |
7590 < | |
7591 *:exe* *:execute* | |
7592 :exe[cute] {expr1} .. Executes the string that results from the evaluation | |
2152 | 7593 of {expr1} as an Ex command. |
7594 Multiple arguments are concatenated, with a space in | |
7595 between. To avoid the extra space use the "." | |
7596 operator to concatenate strings into one argument. | |
7597 {expr1} is used as the processed command, command line | |
7598 editing keys are not recognized. | |
7 | 7599 Cannot be followed by a comment. |
7600 Examples: > | |
2152 | 7601 :execute "buffer" nextbuf |
7602 :execute "normal" count . "w" | |
7 | 7603 < |
7604 ":execute" can be used to append a command to commands | |
7605 that don't accept a '|'. Example: > | |
7606 :execute '!ls' | echo "theend" | |
7607 | |
7608 < ":execute" is also a nice way to avoid having to type | |
7609 control characters in a Vim script for a ":normal" | |
7610 command: > | |
7611 :execute "normal ixxx\<Esc>" | |
7612 < This has an <Esc> character, see |expr-string|. | |
7613 | |
1621 | 7614 Be careful to correctly escape special characters in |
7615 file names. The |fnameescape()| function can be used | |
1661 | 7616 for Vim commands, |shellescape()| for |:!| commands. |
7617 Examples: > | |
1621 | 7618 :execute "e " . fnameescape(filename) |
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7619 :execute "!ls " . shellescape(filename, 1) |
1621 | 7620 < |
7 | 7621 Note: The executed string may be any command-line, but |
5763 | 7622 starting or ending "if", "while" and "for" does not |
7623 always work, because when commands are skipped the | |
7624 ":execute" is not evaluated and Vim loses track of | |
7625 where blocks start and end. Also "break" and | |
7626 "continue" should not be inside ":execute". | |
7627 This example does not work, because the ":execute" is | |
7628 not evaluated and Vim does not see the "while", and | |
7629 gives an error for finding an ":endwhile": > | |
7630 :if 0 | |
7631 : execute 'while i > 5' | |
7632 : echo "test" | |
7633 : endwhile | |
7634 :endif | |
7 | 7635 < |
7636 It is allowed to have a "while" or "if" command | |
7637 completely in the executed string: > | |
7638 :execute 'while i < 5 | echo i | let i = i + 1 | endwhile' | |
7639 < | |
7640 | |
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
7641 *:exe-comment* |
7 | 7642 ":execute", ":echo" and ":echon" cannot be followed by |
7643 a comment directly, because they see the '"' as the | |
7644 start of a string. But, you can use '|' followed by a | |
7645 comment. Example: > | |
7646 :echo "foo" | "this is a comment | |
7647 | |
7648 ============================================================================== | |
7649 8. Exception handling *exception-handling* | |
7650 | |
7651 The Vim script language comprises an exception handling feature. This section | |
7652 explains how it can be used in a Vim script. | |
7653 | |
7654 Exceptions may be raised by Vim on an error or on interrupt, see | |
7655 |catch-errors| and |catch-interrupt|. You can also explicitly throw an | |
7656 exception by using the ":throw" command, see |throw-catch|. | |
7657 | |
7658 | |
7659 TRY CONDITIONALS *try-conditionals* | |
7660 | |
7661 Exceptions can be caught or can cause cleanup code to be executed. You can | |
7662 use a try conditional to specify catch clauses (that catch exceptions) and/or | |
7663 a finally clause (to be executed for cleanup). | |
7664 A try conditional begins with a |:try| command and ends at the matching | |
7665 |:endtry| command. In between, you can use a |:catch| command to start | |
7666 a catch clause, or a |:finally| command to start a finally clause. There may | |
7667 be none or multiple catch clauses, but there is at most one finally clause, | |
7668 which must not be followed by any catch clauses. The lines before the catch | |
7669 clauses and the finally clause is called a try block. > | |
7670 | |
7671 :try | |
1621 | 7672 : ... |
7673 : ... TRY BLOCK | |
7674 : ... | |
7 | 7675 :catch /{pattern}/ |
1621 | 7676 : ... |
7677 : ... CATCH CLAUSE | |
7678 : ... | |
7 | 7679 :catch /{pattern}/ |
1621 | 7680 : ... |
7681 : ... CATCH CLAUSE | |
7682 : ... | |
7 | 7683 :finally |
1621 | 7684 : ... |
7685 : ... FINALLY CLAUSE | |
7686 : ... | |
7 | 7687 :endtry |
7688 | |
7689 The try conditional allows to watch code for exceptions and to take the | |
7690 appropriate actions. Exceptions from the try block may be caught. Exceptions | |
7691 from the try block and also the catch clauses may cause cleanup actions. | |
7692 When no exception is thrown during execution of the try block, the control | |
7693 is transferred to the finally clause, if present. After its execution, the | |
7694 script continues with the line following the ":endtry". | |
7695 When an exception occurs during execution of the try block, the remaining | |
7696 lines in the try block are skipped. The exception is matched against the | |
7697 patterns specified as arguments to the ":catch" commands. The catch clause | |
7698 after the first matching ":catch" is taken, other catch clauses are not | |
7699 executed. The catch clause ends when the next ":catch", ":finally", or | |
7700 ":endtry" command is reached - whatever is first. Then, the finally clause | |
7701 (if present) is executed. When the ":endtry" is reached, the script execution | |
7702 continues in the following line as usual. | |
7703 When an exception that does not match any of the patterns specified by the | |
7704 ":catch" commands is thrown in the try block, the exception is not caught by | |
7705 that try conditional and none of the catch clauses is executed. Only the | |
7706 finally clause, if present, is taken. The exception pends during execution of | |
7707 the finally clause. It is resumed at the ":endtry", so that commands after | |
7708 the ":endtry" are not executed and the exception might be caught elsewhere, | |
7709 see |try-nesting|. | |
7710 When during execution of a catch clause another exception is thrown, the | |
1621 | 7711 remaining lines in that catch clause are not executed. The new exception is |
7 | 7712 not matched against the patterns in any of the ":catch" commands of the same |
7713 try conditional and none of its catch clauses is taken. If there is, however, | |
7714 a finally clause, it is executed, and the exception pends during its | |
7715 execution. The commands following the ":endtry" are not executed. The new | |
7716 exception might, however, be caught elsewhere, see |try-nesting|. | |
7717 When during execution of the finally clause (if present) an exception is | |
1621 | 7718 thrown, the remaining lines in the finally clause are skipped. If the finally |
7 | 7719 clause has been taken because of an exception from the try block or one of the |
7720 catch clauses, the original (pending) exception is discarded. The commands | |
7721 following the ":endtry" are not executed, and the exception from the finally | |
7722 clause is propagated and can be caught elsewhere, see |try-nesting|. | |
7723 | |
7724 The finally clause is also executed, when a ":break" or ":continue" for | |
7725 a ":while" loop enclosing the complete try conditional is executed from the | |
7726 try block or a catch clause. Or when a ":return" or ":finish" is executed | |
7727 from the try block or a catch clause of a try conditional in a function or | |
7728 sourced script, respectively. The ":break", ":continue", ":return", or | |
7729 ":finish" pends during execution of the finally clause and is resumed when the | |
7730 ":endtry" is reached. It is, however, discarded when an exception is thrown | |
7731 from the finally clause. | |
7732 When a ":break" or ":continue" for a ":while" loop enclosing the complete | |
7733 try conditional or when a ":return" or ":finish" is encountered in the finally | |
7734 clause, the rest of the finally clause is skipped, and the ":break", | |
7735 ":continue", ":return" or ":finish" is executed as usual. If the finally | |
7736 clause has been taken because of an exception or an earlier ":break", | |
7737 ":continue", ":return", or ":finish" from the try block or a catch clause, | |
7738 this pending exception or command is discarded. | |
7739 | |
7740 For examples see |throw-catch| and |try-finally|. | |
7741 | |
7742 | |
7743 NESTING OF TRY CONDITIONALS *try-nesting* | |
7744 | |
7745 Try conditionals can be nested arbitrarily. That is, a complete try | |
7746 conditional can be put into the try block, a catch clause, or the finally | |
7747 clause of another try conditional. If the inner try conditional does not | |
7748 catch an exception thrown in its try block or throws a new exception from one | |
7749 of its catch clauses or its finally clause, the outer try conditional is | |
7750 checked according to the rules above. If the inner try conditional is in the | |
7751 try block of the outer try conditional, its catch clauses are checked, but | |
1621 | 7752 otherwise only the finally clause is executed. It does not matter for |
7 | 7753 nesting, whether the inner try conditional is directly contained in the outer |
7754 one, or whether the outer one sources a script or calls a function containing | |
7755 the inner try conditional. | |
7756 | |
7757 When none of the active try conditionals catches an exception, just their | |
7758 finally clauses are executed. Thereafter, the script processing terminates. | |
7759 An error message is displayed in case of an uncaught exception explicitly | |
7760 thrown by a ":throw" command. For uncaught error and interrupt exceptions | |
7761 implicitly raised by Vim, the error message(s) or interrupt message are shown | |
7762 as usual. | |
7763 | |
7764 For examples see |throw-catch|. | |
7765 | |
7766 | |
7767 EXAMINING EXCEPTION HANDLING CODE *except-examine* | |
7768 | |
7769 Exception handling code can get tricky. If you are in doubt what happens, set | |
7770 'verbose' to 13 or use the ":13verbose" command modifier when sourcing your | |
7771 script file. Then you see when an exception is thrown, discarded, caught, or | |
7772 finished. When using a verbosity level of at least 14, things pending in | |
7773 a finally clause are also shown. This information is also given in debug mode | |
7774 (see |debug-scripts|). | |
7775 | |
7776 | |
7777 THROWING AND CATCHING EXCEPTIONS *throw-catch* | |
7778 | |
7779 You can throw any number or string as an exception. Use the |:throw| command | |
7780 and pass the value to be thrown as argument: > | |
7781 :throw 4711 | |
7782 :throw "string" | |
7783 < *throw-expression* | |
7784 You can also specify an expression argument. The expression is then evaluated | |
7785 first, and the result is thrown: > | |
7786 :throw 4705 + strlen("string") | |
7787 :throw strpart("strings", 0, 6) | |
7788 | |
7789 An exception might be thrown during evaluation of the argument of the ":throw" | |
7790 command. Unless it is caught there, the expression evaluation is abandoned. | |
7791 The ":throw" command then does not throw a new exception. | |
7792 Example: > | |
7793 | |
7794 :function! Foo(arg) | |
7795 : try | |
7796 : throw a:arg | |
7797 : catch /foo/ | |
7798 : endtry | |
7799 : return 1 | |
7800 :endfunction | |
7801 : | |
7802 :function! Bar() | |
7803 : echo "in Bar" | |
7804 : return 4710 | |
7805 :endfunction | |
7806 : | |
7807 :throw Foo("arrgh") + Bar() | |
7808 | |
7809 This throws "arrgh", and "in Bar" is not displayed since Bar() is not | |
7810 executed. > | |
7811 :throw Foo("foo") + Bar() | |
7812 however displays "in Bar" and throws 4711. | |
7813 | |
7814 Any other command that takes an expression as argument might also be | |
1621 | 7815 abandoned by an (uncaught) exception during the expression evaluation. The |
7 | 7816 exception is then propagated to the caller of the command. |
7817 Example: > | |
7818 | |
7819 :if Foo("arrgh") | |
7820 : echo "then" | |
7821 :else | |
7822 : echo "else" | |
7823 :endif | |
7824 | |
7825 Here neither of "then" or "else" is displayed. | |
7826 | |
7827 *catch-order* | |
7828 Exceptions can be caught by a try conditional with one or more |:catch| | |
7829 commands, see |try-conditionals|. The values to be caught by each ":catch" | |
7830 command can be specified as a pattern argument. The subsequent catch clause | |
7831 gets executed when a matching exception is caught. | |
7832 Example: > | |
7833 | |
7834 :function! Foo(value) | |
7835 : try | |
7836 : throw a:value | |
7837 : catch /^\d\+$/ | |
7838 : echo "Number thrown" | |
7839 : catch /.*/ | |
7840 : echo "String thrown" | |
7841 : endtry | |
7842 :endfunction | |
7843 : | |
7844 :call Foo(0x1267) | |
7845 :call Foo('string') | |
7846 | |
7847 The first call to Foo() displays "Number thrown", the second "String thrown". | |
7848 An exception is matched against the ":catch" commands in the order they are | |
7849 specified. Only the first match counts. So you should place the more | |
7850 specific ":catch" first. The following order does not make sense: > | |
7851 | |
7852 : catch /.*/ | |
7853 : echo "String thrown" | |
7854 : catch /^\d\+$/ | |
7855 : echo "Number thrown" | |
7856 | |
7857 The first ":catch" here matches always, so that the second catch clause is | |
7858 never taken. | |
7859 | |
7860 *throw-variables* | |
7861 If you catch an exception by a general pattern, you may access the exact value | |
7862 in the variable |v:exception|: > | |
7863 | |
7864 : catch /^\d\+$/ | |
7865 : echo "Number thrown. Value is" v:exception | |
7866 | |
7867 You may also be interested where an exception was thrown. This is stored in | |
7868 |v:throwpoint|. Note that "v:exception" and "v:throwpoint" are valid for the | |
7869 exception most recently caught as long it is not finished. | |
7870 Example: > | |
7871 | |
7872 :function! Caught() | |
7873 : if v:exception != "" | |
7874 : echo 'Caught "' . v:exception . '" in ' . v:throwpoint | |
7875 : else | |
7876 : echo 'Nothing caught' | |
7877 : endif | |
7878 :endfunction | |
7879 : | |
7880 :function! Foo() | |
7881 : try | |
7882 : try | |
7883 : try | |
7884 : throw 4711 | |
7885 : finally | |
7886 : call Caught() | |
7887 : endtry | |
7888 : catch /.*/ | |
7889 : call Caught() | |
7890 : throw "oops" | |
7891 : endtry | |
7892 : catch /.*/ | |
7893 : call Caught() | |
7894 : finally | |
7895 : call Caught() | |
7896 : endtry | |
7897 :endfunction | |
7898 : | |
7899 :call Foo() | |
7900 | |
7901 This displays > | |
7902 | |
7903 Nothing caught | |
7904 Caught "4711" in function Foo, line 4 | |
7905 Caught "oops" in function Foo, line 10 | |
7906 Nothing caught | |
7907 | |
7908 A practical example: The following command ":LineNumber" displays the line | |
7909 number in the script or function where it has been used: > | |
7910 | |
7911 :function! LineNumber() | |
7912 : return substitute(v:throwpoint, '.*\D\(\d\+\).*', '\1', "") | |
7913 :endfunction | |
7914 :command! LineNumber try | throw "" | catch | echo LineNumber() | endtry | |
7915 < | |
7916 *try-nested* | |
7917 An exception that is not caught by a try conditional can be caught by | |
7918 a surrounding try conditional: > | |
7919 | |
7920 :try | |
7921 : try | |
7922 : throw "foo" | |
7923 : catch /foobar/ | |
7924 : echo "foobar" | |
7925 : finally | |
7926 : echo "inner finally" | |
7927 : endtry | |
7928 :catch /foo/ | |
7929 : echo "foo" | |
7930 :endtry | |
7931 | |
7932 The inner try conditional does not catch the exception, just its finally | |
7933 clause is executed. The exception is then caught by the outer try | |
7934 conditional. The example displays "inner finally" and then "foo". | |
7935 | |
7936 *throw-from-catch* | |
7937 You can catch an exception and throw a new one to be caught elsewhere from the | |
7938 catch clause: > | |
7939 | |
7940 :function! Foo() | |
7941 : throw "foo" | |
7942 :endfunction | |
7943 : | |
7944 :function! Bar() | |
7945 : try | |
7946 : call Foo() | |
7947 : catch /foo/ | |
7948 : echo "Caught foo, throw bar" | |
7949 : throw "bar" | |
7950 : endtry | |
7951 :endfunction | |
7952 : | |
7953 :try | |
7954 : call Bar() | |
7955 :catch /.*/ | |
7956 : echo "Caught" v:exception | |
7957 :endtry | |
7958 | |
7959 This displays "Caught foo, throw bar" and then "Caught bar". | |
7960 | |
7961 *rethrow* | |
7962 There is no real rethrow in the Vim script language, but you may throw | |
7963 "v:exception" instead: > | |
7964 | |
7965 :function! Bar() | |
7966 : try | |
7967 : call Foo() | |
7968 : catch /.*/ | |
7969 : echo "Rethrow" v:exception | |
7970 : throw v:exception | |
7971 : endtry | |
7972 :endfunction | |
7973 < *try-echoerr* | |
7974 Note that this method cannot be used to "rethrow" Vim error or interrupt | |
7975 exceptions, because it is not possible to fake Vim internal exceptions. | |
7976 Trying so causes an error exception. You should throw your own exception | |
7977 denoting the situation. If you want to cause a Vim error exception containing | |
7978 the original error exception value, you can use the |:echoerr| command: > | |
7979 | |
7980 :try | |
7981 : try | |
7982 : asdf | |
7983 : catch /.*/ | |
7984 : echoerr v:exception | |
7985 : endtry | |
7986 :catch /.*/ | |
7987 : echo v:exception | |
7988 :endtry | |
7989 | |
7990 This code displays | |
7991 | |
1621 | 7992 Vim(echoerr):Vim:E492: Not an editor command: asdf ~ |
7 | 7993 |
7994 | |
7995 CLEANUP CODE *try-finally* | |
7996 | |
7997 Scripts often change global settings and restore them at their end. If the | |
7998 user however interrupts the script by pressing CTRL-C, the settings remain in | |
1621 | 7999 an inconsistent state. The same may happen to you in the development phase of |
7 | 8000 a script when an error occurs or you explicitly throw an exception without |
8001 catching it. You can solve these problems by using a try conditional with | |
8002 a finally clause for restoring the settings. Its execution is guaranteed on | |
8003 normal control flow, on error, on an explicit ":throw", and on interrupt. | |
8004 (Note that errors and interrupts from inside the try conditional are converted | |
1621 | 8005 to exceptions. When not caught, they terminate the script after the finally |
7 | 8006 clause has been executed.) |
8007 Example: > | |
8008 | |
8009 :try | |
8010 : let s:saved_ts = &ts | |
8011 : set ts=17 | |
8012 : | |
8013 : " Do the hard work here. | |
8014 : | |
8015 :finally | |
8016 : let &ts = s:saved_ts | |
8017 : unlet s:saved_ts | |
8018 :endtry | |
8019 | |
8020 This method should be used locally whenever a function or part of a script | |
8021 changes global settings which need to be restored on failure or normal exit of | |
8022 that function or script part. | |
8023 | |
8024 *break-finally* | |
8025 Cleanup code works also when the try block or a catch clause is left by | |
8026 a ":continue", ":break", ":return", or ":finish". | |
8027 Example: > | |
8028 | |
8029 :let first = 1 | |
8030 :while 1 | |
8031 : try | |
8032 : if first | |
8033 : echo "first" | |
8034 : let first = 0 | |
8035 : continue | |
8036 : else | |
8037 : throw "second" | |
8038 : endif | |
8039 : catch /.*/ | |
8040 : echo v:exception | |
8041 : break | |
8042 : finally | |
8043 : echo "cleanup" | |
8044 : endtry | |
8045 : echo "still in while" | |
8046 :endwhile | |
8047 :echo "end" | |
8048 | |
8049 This displays "first", "cleanup", "second", "cleanup", and "end". > | |
8050 | |
8051 :function! Foo() | |
8052 : try | |
8053 : return 4711 | |
8054 : finally | |
8055 : echo "cleanup\n" | |
8056 : endtry | |
8057 : echo "Foo still active" | |
8058 :endfunction | |
8059 : | |
8060 :echo Foo() "returned by Foo" | |
8061 | |
8062 This displays "cleanup" and "4711 returned by Foo". You don't need to add an | |
1621 | 8063 extra ":return" in the finally clause. (Above all, this would override the |
7 | 8064 return value.) |
8065 | |
8066 *except-from-finally* | |
8067 Using either of ":continue", ":break", ":return", ":finish", or ":throw" in | |
8068 a finally clause is possible, but not recommended since it abandons the | |
8069 cleanup actions for the try conditional. But, of course, interrupt and error | |
8070 exceptions might get raised from a finally clause. | |
8071 Example where an error in the finally clause stops an interrupt from | |
8072 working correctly: > | |
8073 | |
8074 :try | |
8075 : try | |
8076 : echo "Press CTRL-C for interrupt" | |
8077 : while 1 | |
8078 : endwhile | |
8079 : finally | |
8080 : unlet novar | |
8081 : endtry | |
8082 :catch /novar/ | |
8083 :endtry | |
8084 :echo "Script still running" | |
8085 :sleep 1 | |
8086 | |
8087 If you need to put commands that could fail into a finally clause, you should | |
8088 think about catching or ignoring the errors in these commands, see | |
8089 |catch-errors| and |ignore-errors|. | |
8090 | |
8091 | |
8092 CATCHING ERRORS *catch-errors* | |
8093 | |
8094 If you want to catch specific errors, you just have to put the code to be | |
8095 watched in a try block and add a catch clause for the error message. The | |
8096 presence of the try conditional causes all errors to be converted to an | |
8097 exception. No message is displayed and |v:errmsg| is not set then. To find | |
8098 the right pattern for the ":catch" command, you have to know how the format of | |
8099 the error exception is. | |
8100 Error exceptions have the following format: > | |
8101 | |
8102 Vim({cmdname}):{errmsg} | |
8103 or > | |
8104 Vim:{errmsg} | |
8105 | |
8106 {cmdname} is the name of the command that failed; the second form is used when | |
1621 | 8107 the command name is not known. {errmsg} is the error message usually produced |
7 | 8108 when the error occurs outside try conditionals. It always begins with |
8109 a capital "E", followed by a two or three-digit error number, a colon, and | |
8110 a space. | |
8111 | |
8112 Examples: | |
8113 | |
8114 The command > | |
8115 :unlet novar | |
8116 normally produces the error message > | |
8117 E108: No such variable: "novar" | |
8118 which is converted inside try conditionals to an exception > | |
8119 Vim(unlet):E108: No such variable: "novar" | |
8120 | |
8121 The command > | |
8122 :dwim | |
8123 normally produces the error message > | |
8124 E492: Not an editor command: dwim | |
8125 which is converted inside try conditionals to an exception > | |
8126 Vim:E492: Not an editor command: dwim | |
8127 | |
8128 You can catch all ":unlet" errors by a > | |
8129 :catch /^Vim(unlet):/ | |
8130 or all errors for misspelled command names by a > | |
8131 :catch /^Vim:E492:/ | |
8132 | |
8133 Some error messages may be produced by different commands: > | |
8134 :function nofunc | |
8135 and > | |
8136 :delfunction nofunc | |
8137 both produce the error message > | |
8138 E128: Function name must start with a capital: nofunc | |
8139 which is converted inside try conditionals to an exception > | |
8140 Vim(function):E128: Function name must start with a capital: nofunc | |
8141 or > | |
8142 Vim(delfunction):E128: Function name must start with a capital: nofunc | |
8143 respectively. You can catch the error by its number independently on the | |
8144 command that caused it if you use the following pattern: > | |
8145 :catch /^Vim(\a\+):E128:/ | |
8146 | |
8147 Some commands like > | |
8148 :let x = novar | |
8149 produce multiple error messages, here: > | |
8150 E121: Undefined variable: novar | |
8151 E15: Invalid expression: novar | |
8152 Only the first is used for the exception value, since it is the most specific | |
8153 one (see |except-several-errors|). So you can catch it by > | |
8154 :catch /^Vim(\a\+):E121:/ | |
8155 | |
8156 You can catch all errors related to the name "nofunc" by > | |
8157 :catch /\<nofunc\>/ | |
8158 | |
8159 You can catch all Vim errors in the ":write" and ":read" commands by > | |
8160 :catch /^Vim(\(write\|read\)):E\d\+:/ | |
8161 | |
8162 You can catch all Vim errors by the pattern > | |
8163 :catch /^Vim\((\a\+)\)\=:E\d\+:/ | |
8164 < | |
8165 *catch-text* | |
8166 NOTE: You should never catch the error message text itself: > | |
8167 :catch /No such variable/ | |
8168 only works in the english locale, but not when the user has selected | |
8169 a different language by the |:language| command. It is however helpful to | |
8170 cite the message text in a comment: > | |
8171 :catch /^Vim(\a\+):E108:/ " No such variable | |
8172 | |
8173 | |
8174 IGNORING ERRORS *ignore-errors* | |
8175 | |
8176 You can ignore errors in a specific Vim command by catching them locally: > | |
8177 | |
8178 :try | |
8179 : write | |
8180 :catch | |
8181 :endtry | |
8182 | |
8183 But you are strongly recommended NOT to use this simple form, since it could | |
8184 catch more than you want. With the ":write" command, some autocommands could | |
8185 be executed and cause errors not related to writing, for instance: > | |
8186 | |
8187 :au BufWritePre * unlet novar | |
8188 | |
8189 There could even be such errors you are not responsible for as a script | |
8190 writer: a user of your script might have defined such autocommands. You would | |
8191 then hide the error from the user. | |
8192 It is much better to use > | |
8193 | |
8194 :try | |
8195 : write | |
8196 :catch /^Vim(write):/ | |
8197 :endtry | |
8198 | |
8199 which only catches real write errors. So catch only what you'd like to ignore | |
8200 intentionally. | |
8201 | |
8202 For a single command that does not cause execution of autocommands, you could | |
8203 even suppress the conversion of errors to exceptions by the ":silent!" | |
8204 command: > | |
8205 :silent! nunmap k | |
8206 This works also when a try conditional is active. | |
8207 | |
8208 | |
8209 CATCHING INTERRUPTS *catch-interrupt* | |
8210 | |
8211 When there are active try conditionals, an interrupt (CTRL-C) is converted to | |
1621 | 8212 the exception "Vim:Interrupt". You can catch it like every exception. The |
7 | 8213 script is not terminated, then. |
8214 Example: > | |
8215 | |
8216 :function! TASK1() | |
8217 : sleep 10 | |
8218 :endfunction | |
8219 | |
8220 :function! TASK2() | |
8221 : sleep 20 | |
8222 :endfunction | |
8223 | |
8224 :while 1 | |
8225 : let command = input("Type a command: ") | |
8226 : try | |
8227 : if command == "" | |
8228 : continue | |
8229 : elseif command == "END" | |
8230 : break | |
8231 : elseif command == "TASK1" | |
8232 : call TASK1() | |
8233 : elseif command == "TASK2" | |
8234 : call TASK2() | |
8235 : else | |
8236 : echo "\nIllegal command:" command | |
8237 : continue | |
8238 : endif | |
8239 : catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/ | |
8240 : echo "\nCommand interrupted" | |
8241 : " Caught the interrupt. Continue with next prompt. | |
8242 : endtry | |
8243 :endwhile | |
8244 | |
8245 You can interrupt a task here by pressing CTRL-C; the script then asks for | |
1621 | 8246 a new command. If you press CTRL-C at the prompt, the script is terminated. |
7 | 8247 |
8248 For testing what happens when CTRL-C would be pressed on a specific line in | |
8249 your script, use the debug mode and execute the |>quit| or |>interrupt| | |
8250 command on that line. See |debug-scripts|. | |
8251 | |
8252 | |
8253 CATCHING ALL *catch-all* | |
8254 | |
8255 The commands > | |
8256 | |
8257 :catch /.*/ | |
8258 :catch // | |
8259 :catch | |
8260 | |
8261 catch everything, error exceptions, interrupt exceptions and exceptions | |
8262 explicitly thrown by the |:throw| command. This is useful at the top level of | |
8263 a script in order to catch unexpected things. | |
8264 Example: > | |
8265 | |
8266 :try | |
8267 : | |
8268 : " do the hard work here | |
8269 : | |
8270 :catch /MyException/ | |
8271 : | |
8272 : " handle known problem | |
8273 : | |
8274 :catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/ | |
8275 : echo "Script interrupted" | |
8276 :catch /.*/ | |
8277 : echo "Internal error (" . v:exception . ")" | |
8278 : echo " - occurred at " . v:throwpoint | |
8279 :endtry | |
8280 :" end of script | |
8281 | |
8282 Note: Catching all might catch more things than you want. Thus, you are | |
8283 strongly encouraged to catch only for problems that you can really handle by | |
8284 specifying a pattern argument to the ":catch". | |
8285 Example: Catching all could make it nearly impossible to interrupt a script | |
8286 by pressing CTRL-C: > | |
8287 | |
8288 :while 1 | |
8289 : try | |
8290 : sleep 1 | |
8291 : catch | |
8292 : endtry | |
8293 :endwhile | |
8294 | |
8295 | |
8296 EXCEPTIONS AND AUTOCOMMANDS *except-autocmd* | |
8297 | |
8298 Exceptions may be used during execution of autocommands. Example: > | |
8299 | |
8300 :autocmd User x try | |
8301 :autocmd User x throw "Oops!" | |
8302 :autocmd User x catch | |
8303 :autocmd User x echo v:exception | |
8304 :autocmd User x endtry | |
8305 :autocmd User x throw "Arrgh!" | |
8306 :autocmd User x echo "Should not be displayed" | |
8307 : | |
8308 :try | |
8309 : doautocmd User x | |
8310 :catch | |
8311 : echo v:exception | |
8312 :endtry | |
8313 | |
8314 This displays "Oops!" and "Arrgh!". | |
8315 | |
8316 *except-autocmd-Pre* | |
8317 For some commands, autocommands get executed before the main action of the | |
8318 command takes place. If an exception is thrown and not caught in the sequence | |
8319 of autocommands, the sequence and the command that caused its execution are | |
8320 abandoned and the exception is propagated to the caller of the command. | |
8321 Example: > | |
8322 | |
8323 :autocmd BufWritePre * throw "FAIL" | |
8324 :autocmd BufWritePre * echo "Should not be displayed" | |
8325 : | |
8326 :try | |
8327 : write | |
8328 :catch | |
8329 : echo "Caught:" v:exception "from" v:throwpoint | |
8330 :endtry | |
8331 | |
8332 Here, the ":write" command does not write the file currently being edited (as | |
8333 you can see by checking 'modified'), since the exception from the BufWritePre | |
8334 autocommand abandons the ":write". The exception is then caught and the | |
8335 script displays: > | |
8336 | |
8337 Caught: FAIL from BufWrite Auto commands for "*" | |
8338 < | |
8339 *except-autocmd-Post* | |
8340 For some commands, autocommands get executed after the main action of the | |
8341 command has taken place. If this main action fails and the command is inside | |
8342 an active try conditional, the autocommands are skipped and an error exception | |
8343 is thrown that can be caught by the caller of the command. | |
8344 Example: > | |
8345 | |
8346 :autocmd BufWritePost * echo "File successfully written!" | |
8347 : | |
8348 :try | |
8349 : write /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e | |
8350 :catch | |
8351 : echo v:exception | |
8352 :endtry | |
8353 | |
8354 This just displays: > | |
8355 | |
8356 Vim(write):E212: Can't open file for writing (/i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e) | |
8357 | |
8358 If you really need to execute the autocommands even when the main action | |
8359 fails, trigger the event from the catch clause. | |
8360 Example: > | |
8361 | |
8362 :autocmd BufWritePre * set noreadonly | |
8363 :autocmd BufWritePost * set readonly | |
8364 : | |
8365 :try | |
8366 : write /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e | |
8367 :catch | |
8368 : doautocmd BufWritePost /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e | |
8369 :endtry | |
8370 < | |
8371 You can also use ":silent!": > | |
8372 | |
8373 :let x = "ok" | |
8374 :let v:errmsg = "" | |
8375 :autocmd BufWritePost * if v:errmsg != "" | |
8376 :autocmd BufWritePost * let x = "after fail" | |
8377 :autocmd BufWritePost * endif | |
8378 :try | |
8379 : silent! write /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e | |
8380 :catch | |
8381 :endtry | |
8382 :echo x | |
8383 | |
8384 This displays "after fail". | |
8385 | |
8386 If the main action of the command does not fail, exceptions from the | |
8387 autocommands will be catchable by the caller of the command: > | |
8388 | |
8389 :autocmd BufWritePost * throw ":-(" | |
8390 :autocmd BufWritePost * echo "Should not be displayed" | |
8391 : | |
8392 :try | |
8393 : write | |
8394 :catch | |
8395 : echo v:exception | |
8396 :endtry | |
8397 < | |
8398 *except-autocmd-Cmd* | |
8399 For some commands, the normal action can be replaced by a sequence of | |
8400 autocommands. Exceptions from that sequence will be catchable by the caller | |
8401 of the command. | |
8402 Example: For the ":write" command, the caller cannot know whether the file | |
1621 | 8403 had actually been written when the exception occurred. You need to tell it in |
7 | 8404 some way. > |
8405 | |
8406 :if !exists("cnt") | |
8407 : let cnt = 0 | |
8408 : | |
8409 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * if &modified | |
8410 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * let cnt = cnt + 1 | |
8411 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * if cnt % 3 == 2 | |
8412 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * throw "BufWriteCmdError" | |
8413 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * endif | |
8414 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * write | set nomodified | |
8415 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * if cnt % 3 == 0 | |
8416 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * throw "BufWriteCmdError" | |
8417 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * endif | |
8418 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * echo "File successfully written!" | |
8419 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * endif | |
8420 :endif | |
8421 : | |
8422 :try | |
8423 : write | |
8424 :catch /^BufWriteCmdError$/ | |
8425 : if &modified | |
8426 : echo "Error on writing (file contents not changed)" | |
8427 : else | |
8428 : echo "Error after writing" | |
8429 : endif | |
8430 :catch /^Vim(write):/ | |
8431 : echo "Error on writing" | |
8432 :endtry | |
8433 | |
8434 When this script is sourced several times after making changes, it displays | |
8435 first > | |
8436 File successfully written! | |
8437 then > | |
8438 Error on writing (file contents not changed) | |
8439 then > | |
8440 Error after writing | |
8441 etc. | |
8442 | |
8443 *except-autocmd-ill* | |
8444 You cannot spread a try conditional over autocommands for different events. | |
8445 The following code is ill-formed: > | |
8446 | |
8447 :autocmd BufWritePre * try | |
8448 : | |
8449 :autocmd BufWritePost * catch | |
8450 :autocmd BufWritePost * echo v:exception | |
8451 :autocmd BufWritePost * endtry | |
8452 : | |
8453 :write | |
8454 | |
8455 | |
8456 EXCEPTION HIERARCHIES AND PARAMETERIZED EXCEPTIONS *except-hier-param* | |
8457 | |
8458 Some programming languages allow to use hierarchies of exception classes or to | |
8459 pass additional information with the object of an exception class. You can do | |
8460 similar things in Vim. | |
8461 In order to throw an exception from a hierarchy, just throw the complete | |
8462 class name with the components separated by a colon, for instance throw the | |
8463 string "EXCEPT:MATHERR:OVERFLOW" for an overflow in a mathematical library. | |
8464 When you want to pass additional information with your exception class, add | |
8465 it in parentheses, for instance throw the string "EXCEPT:IO:WRITEERR(myfile)" | |
8466 for an error when writing "myfile". | |
8467 With the appropriate patterns in the ":catch" command, you can catch for | |
8468 base classes or derived classes of your hierarchy. Additional information in | |
8469 parentheses can be cut out from |v:exception| with the ":substitute" command. | |
8470 Example: > | |
8471 | |
8472 :function! CheckRange(a, func) | |
8473 : if a:a < 0 | |
8474 : throw "EXCEPT:MATHERR:RANGE(" . a:func . ")" | |
8475 : endif | |
8476 :endfunction | |
8477 : | |
8478 :function! Add(a, b) | |
8479 : call CheckRange(a:a, "Add") | |
8480 : call CheckRange(a:b, "Add") | |
8481 : let c = a:a + a:b | |
8482 : if c < 0 | |
8483 : throw "EXCEPT:MATHERR:OVERFLOW" | |
8484 : endif | |
8485 : return c | |
8486 :endfunction | |
8487 : | |
8488 :function! Div(a, b) | |
8489 : call CheckRange(a:a, "Div") | |
8490 : call CheckRange(a:b, "Div") | |
8491 : if (a:b == 0) | |
8492 : throw "EXCEPT:MATHERR:ZERODIV" | |
8493 : endif | |
8494 : return a:a / a:b | |
8495 :endfunction | |
8496 : | |
8497 :function! Write(file) | |
8498 : try | |
1621 | 8499 : execute "write" fnameescape(a:file) |
7 | 8500 : catch /^Vim(write):/ |
8501 : throw "EXCEPT:IO(" . getcwd() . ", " . a:file . "):WRITEERR" | |
8502 : endtry | |
8503 :endfunction | |
8504 : | |
8505 :try | |
8506 : | |
8507 : " something with arithmetics and I/O | |
8508 : | |
8509 :catch /^EXCEPT:MATHERR:RANGE/ | |
8510 : let function = substitute(v:exception, '.*(\(\a\+\)).*', '\1', "") | |
8511 : echo "Range error in" function | |
8512 : | |
8513 :catch /^EXCEPT:MATHERR/ " catches OVERFLOW and ZERODIV | |
8514 : echo "Math error" | |
8515 : | |
8516 :catch /^EXCEPT:IO/ | |
8517 : let dir = substitute(v:exception, '.*(\(.\+\),\s*.\+).*', '\1', "") | |
8518 : let file = substitute(v:exception, '.*(.\+,\s*\(.\+\)).*', '\1', "") | |
8519 : if file !~ '^/' | |
8520 : let file = dir . "/" . file | |
8521 : endif | |
8522 : echo 'I/O error for "' . file . '"' | |
8523 : | |
8524 :catch /^EXCEPT/ | |
8525 : echo "Unspecified error" | |
8526 : | |
8527 :endtry | |
8528 | |
8529 The exceptions raised by Vim itself (on error or when pressing CTRL-C) use | |
8530 a flat hierarchy: they are all in the "Vim" class. You cannot throw yourself | |
8531 exceptions with the "Vim" prefix; they are reserved for Vim. | |
8532 Vim error exceptions are parameterized with the name of the command that | |
8533 failed, if known. See |catch-errors|. | |
8534 | |
8535 | |
8536 PECULIARITIES | |
8537 *except-compat* | |
8538 The exception handling concept requires that the command sequence causing the | |
8539 exception is aborted immediately and control is transferred to finally clauses | |
8540 and/or a catch clause. | |
8541 | |
8542 In the Vim script language there are cases where scripts and functions | |
8543 continue after an error: in functions without the "abort" flag or in a command | |
8544 after ":silent!", control flow goes to the following line, and outside | |
8545 functions, control flow goes to the line following the outermost ":endwhile" | |
8546 or ":endif". On the other hand, errors should be catchable as exceptions | |
8547 (thus, requiring the immediate abortion). | |
8548 | |
8549 This problem has been solved by converting errors to exceptions and using | |
8550 immediate abortion (if not suppressed by ":silent!") only when a try | |
1621 | 8551 conditional is active. This is no restriction since an (error) exception can |
8552 be caught only from an active try conditional. If you want an immediate | |
7 | 8553 termination without catching the error, just use a try conditional without |
8554 catch clause. (You can cause cleanup code being executed before termination | |
8555 by specifying a finally clause.) | |
8556 | |
8557 When no try conditional is active, the usual abortion and continuation | |
8558 behavior is used instead of immediate abortion. This ensures compatibility of | |
8559 scripts written for Vim 6.1 and earlier. | |
8560 | |
8561 However, when sourcing an existing script that does not use exception handling | |
8562 commands (or when calling one of its functions) from inside an active try | |
8563 conditional of a new script, you might change the control flow of the existing | |
8564 script on error. You get the immediate abortion on error and can catch the | |
8565 error in the new script. If however the sourced script suppresses error | |
8566 messages by using the ":silent!" command (checking for errors by testing | |
1621 | 8567 |v:errmsg| if appropriate), its execution path is not changed. The error is |
8568 not converted to an exception. (See |:silent|.) So the only remaining cause | |
7 | 8569 where this happens is for scripts that don't care about errors and produce |
8570 error messages. You probably won't want to use such code from your new | |
8571 scripts. | |
8572 | |
8573 *except-syntax-err* | |
8574 Syntax errors in the exception handling commands are never caught by any of | |
8575 the ":catch" commands of the try conditional they belong to. Its finally | |
8576 clauses, however, is executed. | |
8577 Example: > | |
8578 | |
8579 :try | |
8580 : try | |
8581 : throw 4711 | |
8582 : catch /\(/ | |
8583 : echo "in catch with syntax error" | |
8584 : catch | |
8585 : echo "inner catch-all" | |
8586 : finally | |
8587 : echo "inner finally" | |
8588 : endtry | |
8589 :catch | |
8590 : echo 'outer catch-all caught "' . v:exception . '"' | |
8591 : finally | |
8592 : echo "outer finally" | |
8593 :endtry | |
8594 | |
8595 This displays: > | |
8596 inner finally | |
8597 outer catch-all caught "Vim(catch):E54: Unmatched \(" | |
8598 outer finally | |
8599 The original exception is discarded and an error exception is raised, instead. | |
8600 | |
8601 *except-single-line* | |
8602 The ":try", ":catch", ":finally", and ":endtry" commands can be put on | |
8603 a single line, but then syntax errors may make it difficult to recognize the | |
8604 "catch" line, thus you better avoid this. | |
8605 Example: > | |
8606 :try | unlet! foo # | catch | endtry | |
8607 raises an error exception for the trailing characters after the ":unlet!" | |
8608 argument, but does not see the ":catch" and ":endtry" commands, so that the | |
8609 error exception is discarded and the "E488: Trailing characters" message gets | |
8610 displayed. | |
8611 | |
8612 *except-several-errors* | |
8613 When several errors appear in a single command, the first error message is | |
8614 usually the most specific one and therefor converted to the error exception. | |
8615 Example: > | |
8616 echo novar | |
8617 causes > | |
8618 E121: Undefined variable: novar | |
8619 E15: Invalid expression: novar | |
8620 The value of the error exception inside try conditionals is: > | |
8621 Vim(echo):E121: Undefined variable: novar | |
8622 < *except-syntax-error* | |
8623 But when a syntax error is detected after a normal error in the same command, | |
8624 the syntax error is used for the exception being thrown. | |
8625 Example: > | |
8626 unlet novar # | |
8627 causes > | |
8628 E108: No such variable: "novar" | |
8629 E488: Trailing characters | |
8630 The value of the error exception inside try conditionals is: > | |
8631 Vim(unlet):E488: Trailing characters | |
8632 This is done because the syntax error might change the execution path in a way | |
8633 not intended by the user. Example: > | |
8634 try | |
8635 try | unlet novar # | catch | echo v:exception | endtry | |
8636 catch /.*/ | |
8637 echo "outer catch:" v:exception | |
8638 endtry | |
8639 This displays "outer catch: Vim(unlet):E488: Trailing characters", and then | |
8640 a "E600: Missing :endtry" error message is given, see |except-single-line|. | |
8641 | |
8642 ============================================================================== | |
8643 9. Examples *eval-examples* | |
8644 | |
1156 | 8645 Printing in Binary ~ |
7 | 8646 > |
2033
de5a43c5eedc
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1998
diff
changeset
|
8647 :" The function Nr2Bin() returns the binary string representation of a number. |
1156 | 8648 :func Nr2Bin(nr) |
7 | 8649 : let n = a:nr |
8650 : let r = "" | |
8651 : while n | |
1156 | 8652 : let r = '01'[n % 2] . r |
8653 : let n = n / 2 | |
7 | 8654 : endwhile |
8655 : return r | |
8656 :endfunc | |
8657 | |
1156 | 8658 :" The function String2Bin() converts each character in a string to a |
8659 :" binary string, separated with dashes. | |
8660 :func String2Bin(str) | |
7 | 8661 : let out = '' |
1156 | 8662 : for ix in range(strlen(a:str)) |
8663 : let out = out . '-' . Nr2Bin(char2nr(a:str[ix])) | |
8664 : endfor | |
8665 : return out[1:] | |
7 | 8666 :endfunc |
8667 | |
8668 Example of its use: > | |
1156 | 8669 :echo Nr2Bin(32) |
8670 result: "100000" > | |
8671 :echo String2Bin("32") | |
8672 result: "110011-110010" | |
8673 | |
8674 | |
8675 Sorting lines ~ | |
8676 | |
8677 This example sorts lines with a specific compare function. > | |
8678 | |
8679 :func SortBuffer() | |
8680 : let lines = getline(1, '$') | |
8681 : call sort(lines, function("Strcmp")) | |
8682 : call setline(1, lines) | |
7 | 8683 :endfunction |
8684 | |
1156 | 8685 As a one-liner: > |
8686 :call setline(1, sort(getline(1, '$'), function("Strcmp"))) | |
8687 | |
8688 | |
8689 scanf() replacement ~ | |
7 | 8690 *sscanf* |
8691 There is no sscanf() function in Vim. If you need to extract parts from a | |
8692 line, you can use matchstr() and substitute() to do it. This example shows | |
8693 how to get the file name, line number and column number out of a line like | |
8694 "foobar.txt, 123, 45". > | |
8695 :" Set up the match bit | |
8696 :let mx='\(\f\+\),\s*\(\d\+\),\s*\(\d\+\)' | |
8697 :"get the part matching the whole expression | |
8698 :let l = matchstr(line, mx) | |
8699 :"get each item out of the match | |
8700 :let file = substitute(l, mx, '\1', '') | |
8701 :let lnum = substitute(l, mx, '\2', '') | |
8702 :let col = substitute(l, mx, '\3', '') | |
8703 | |
8704 The input is in the variable "line", the results in the variables "file", | |
8705 "lnum" and "col". (idea from Michael Geddes) | |
8706 | |
1156 | 8707 |
8708 getting the scriptnames in a Dictionary ~ | |
8709 *scriptnames-dictionary* | |
8710 The |:scriptnames| command can be used to get a list of all script files that | |
8711 have been sourced. There is no equivalent function or variable for this | |
8712 (because it's rarely needed). In case you need to manipulate the list this | |
8713 code can be used: > | |
8714 " Get the output of ":scriptnames" in the scriptnames_output variable. | |
8715 let scriptnames_output = '' | |
8716 redir => scriptnames_output | |
8717 silent scriptnames | |
8718 redir END | |
8719 | |
1621 | 8720 " Split the output into lines and parse each line. Add an entry to the |
1156 | 8721 " "scripts" dictionary. |
8722 let scripts = {} | |
8723 for line in split(scriptnames_output, "\n") | |
8724 " Only do non-blank lines. | |
8725 if line =~ '\S' | |
8726 " Get the first number in the line. | |
1621 | 8727 let nr = matchstr(line, '\d\+') |
1156 | 8728 " Get the file name, remove the script number " 123: ". |
1621 | 8729 let name = substitute(line, '.\+:\s*', '', '') |
1156 | 8730 " Add an item to the Dictionary |
1621 | 8731 let scripts[nr] = name |
1156 | 8732 endif |
8733 endfor | |
8734 unlet scriptnames_output | |
8735 | |
7 | 8736 ============================================================================== |
8737 10. No +eval feature *no-eval-feature* | |
8738 | |
8739 When the |+eval| feature was disabled at compile time, none of the expression | |
8740 evaluation commands are available. To prevent this from causing Vim scripts | |
8741 to generate all kinds of errors, the ":if" and ":endif" commands are still | |
8742 recognized, though the argument of the ":if" and everything between the ":if" | |
8743 and the matching ":endif" is ignored. Nesting of ":if" blocks is allowed, but | |
8744 only if the commands are at the start of the line. The ":else" command is not | |
8745 recognized. | |
8746 | |
8747 Example of how to avoid executing commands when the |+eval| feature is | |
8748 missing: > | |
8749 | |
8750 :if 1 | |
8751 : echo "Expression evaluation is compiled in" | |
8752 :else | |
8753 : echo "You will _never_ see this message" | |
8754 :endif | |
8755 | |
8756 ============================================================================== | |
8757 11. The sandbox *eval-sandbox* *sandbox* *E48* | |
8758 | |
2350
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|
8759 The 'foldexpr', 'formatexpr', 'includeexpr', 'indentexpr', 'statusline' and |
06feaf4fe36a
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
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diff
changeset
|
8760 'foldtext' options may be evaluated in a sandbox. This means that you are |
06feaf4fe36a
Rename some "python3" symbols to "py3", as the command name.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
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2345
diff
changeset
|
8761 protected from these expressions having nasty side effects. This gives some |
06feaf4fe36a
Rename some "python3" symbols to "py3", as the command name.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2345
diff
changeset
|
8762 safety for when these options are set from a modeline. It is also used when |
06feaf4fe36a
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2345
diff
changeset
|
8763 the command from a tags file is executed and for CTRL-R = in the command line. |
29 | 8764 The sandbox is also used for the |:sandbox| command. |
7 | 8765 |
8766 These items are not allowed in the sandbox: | |
8767 - changing the buffer text | |
8768 - defining or changing mapping, autocommands, functions, user commands | |
8769 - setting certain options (see |option-summary|) | |
1156 | 8770 - setting certain v: variables (see |v:var|) *E794* |
7 | 8771 - executing a shell command |
8772 - reading or writing a file | |
8773 - jumping to another buffer or editing a file | |
625 | 8774 - executing Python, Perl, etc. commands |
29 | 8775 This is not guaranteed 100% secure, but it should block most attacks. |
8776 | |
8777 *:san* *:sandbox* | |
401 | 8778 :san[dbox] {cmd} Execute {cmd} in the sandbox. Useful to evaluate an |
29 | 8779 option that may have been set from a modeline, e.g. |
8780 'foldexpr'. | |
8781 | |
634 | 8782 *sandbox-option* |
8783 A few options contain an expression. When this expression is evaluated it may | |
790 | 8784 have to be done in the sandbox to avoid a security risk. But the sandbox is |
634 | 8785 restrictive, thus this only happens when the option was set from an insecure |
8786 location. Insecure in this context are: | |
843 | 8787 - sourcing a .vimrc or .exrc in the current directory |
634 | 8788 - while executing in the sandbox |
8789 - value coming from a modeline | |
8790 | |
8791 Note that when in the sandbox and saving an option value and restoring it, the | |
8792 option will still be marked as it was set in the sandbox. | |
8793 | |
8794 ============================================================================== | |
8795 12. Textlock *textlock* | |
8796 | |
8797 In a few situations it is not allowed to change the text in the buffer, jump | |
8798 to another window and some other things that might confuse or break what Vim | |
8799 is currently doing. This mostly applies to things that happen when Vim is | |
1621 | 8800 actually doing something else. For example, evaluating the 'balloonexpr' may |
634 | 8801 happen any moment the mouse cursor is resting at some position. |
8802 | |
8803 This is not allowed when the textlock is active: | |
8804 - changing the buffer text | |
8805 - jumping to another buffer or window | |
8806 - editing another file | |
8807 - closing a window or quitting Vim | |
8808 - etc. | |
8809 | |
7 | 8810 |
8811 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |