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1 *eval.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2005 Jan 17
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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7 Expression evaluation *expression* *expr* *E15* *eval*
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9 Using expressions is introduced in chapter 41 of the user manual |usr_41.txt|.
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11 Note: Expression evaluation can be disabled at compile time. If this has been
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12 done, the features in this document are not available. See |+eval| and
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13 |no-eval-feature|.
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14
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15 1. Variables |variables|
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16 1.1 Variable types
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17 1.2 Function references |Funcref|
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18 1.3 Lists |List|
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19 1.4 Dictionaries |Dictionaries|
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20 1.5 More about variables |more-variables|
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21 2. Expression syntax |expression-syntax|
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22 3. Internal variable |internal-variables|
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23 4. Builtin Functions |functions|
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24 5. Defining functions |user-functions|
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25 6. Curly braces names |curly-braces-names|
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26 7. Commands |expression-commands|
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27 8. Exception handling |exception-handling|
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28 9. Examples |eval-examples|
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29 10. No +eval feature |no-eval-feature|
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30 11. The sandbox |eval-sandbox|
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31
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32 {Vi does not have any of these commands}
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33
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34 ==============================================================================
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35 1. Variables *variables*
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36
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37 1.1 Variable types ~
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38 *E712*
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39 There are four types of variables:
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40
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41 Number A 32 bit signed number.
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42 Examples: -123 0x10 0177
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43
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44 String A NUL terminated string of 8-bit unsigned characters (bytes).
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45 Examples: "ab\txx\"--" 'x-z''a,c'
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46
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47 Funcref A reference to a function |Funcref|.
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48 Example: function("strlen")
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49
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50 List An ordered sequence of items |List|.
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51 Example: [1, 2, ['a', 'b']]
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52
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53 The Number and String types are converted automatically, depending on how they
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54 are used.
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55
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56 Conversion from a Number to a String is by making the ASCII representation of
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57 the Number. Examples: >
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58 Number 123 --> String "123"
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59 Number 0 --> String "0"
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60 Number -1 --> String "-1"
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61
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62 Conversion from a String to a Number is done by converting the first digits
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63 to a number. Hexadecimal "0xf9" and Octal "017" numbers are recognized. If
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64 the String doesn't start with digits, the result is zero. Examples: >
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65 String "456" --> Number 456
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66 String "6bar" --> Number 6
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67 String "foo" --> Number 0
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68 String "0xf1" --> Number 241
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69 String "0100" --> Number 64
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70 String "-8" --> Number -8
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71 String "+8" --> Number 0
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72
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73 To force conversion from String to Number, add zero to it: >
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74 :echo "0100" + 0
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75
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76 For boolean operators Numbers are used. Zero is FALSE, non-zero is TRUE.
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77
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78 Note that in the command >
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79 :if "foo"
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80 "foo" is converted to 0, which means FALSE. To test for a non-empty string,
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81 use strlen(): >
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82 :if strlen("foo")
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83 < *E728* *E729* *E730* *E731*
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84 List and Funcref types are not automatically converted.
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85
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86 *E706*
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87 You will get an error if you try to change the type of a variable. You need
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88 to |:unlet| it first to avoid this error. String and Number are considered
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89 equivalent though. Consider this sequence of commands: >
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90 :let l = "string"
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91 :let l = 44 " changes type from String to Number
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92 :let l = [1, 2, 3] " error!
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93
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94
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95 1.2 Function references ~
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96 *Funcref* *E695* *E703* *E718*
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97 A Funcref variable is obtained with the |function()| function. It can be used
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98 in an expression in the place of a function name, before the parenthesis
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99 around the arguments, to invoke the function it refers to. Example: >
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100
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101 :let Fn = function("MyFunc")
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102 :echo Fn()
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103 < *E704* *E705* *E707*
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104 A Funcref variable must start with a capital, "s:", "w:" or "b:". You cannot
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105 have both a Funcref variable and a function with the same name.
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106
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107 A special case is defining a function and directly assigning its Funcref to a
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108 Dictionary entry. Example: >
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109 :function dict.init() dict
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110 : let self.val = 0
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111 :endfunction
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112
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113 The key of the Dictionary can start with a lower case letter. The actual
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114 function name is not used here. Also see |numbered-function|.
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115
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116 A Funcref can also be used with the |:call| command: >
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117 :call Fn()
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118 :call dict.init()
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119
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120 The name of the referenced function can be obtained with |string()|. >
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121 :let func = string(Myfunc)
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122
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123 You can use |call()| to invoke a Funcref and use a list variable for the
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124 arguments: >
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125 :let r = call(Myfunc, mylist)
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126
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127
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128 1.3 Lists ~
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129 *List* *E686*
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130 A List is an ordered sequence of items. An item can be of any type. Items
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131 can be accessed by their index number. Items can be added and removed at any
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132 position in the sequence.
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133
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134
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135 List creation ~
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136 *E696* *E697*
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137 A List is created with a comma separated list of items in square brackets.
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138 Examples: >
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139 :let mylist = [1, two, 3, "four"]
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140 :let emptylist = []
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141
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142 An item can be any expression. Using a List for an item creates a
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143 nested List: >
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144 :let nestlist = [[11, 12], [21, 22], [31, 32]]
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145
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146 An extra comma after the last item is ignored.
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147
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148
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149 List index ~
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150 *list-index* *E684*
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151 An item in the List can be accessed by putting the index in square brackets
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152 after the List. Indexes are zero-based, thus the first item has index zero. >
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153 :let item = mylist[0] " get the first item: 1
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154 :let item = mylist[2] " get the third item: 3
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155
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156 When the resulting item is a list this can be repeated: >
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157 :let item = nestlist[0][1] " get the first list, second item: 12
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158 <
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159 A negative index is counted from the end. Index -1 refers to the last item in
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160 the List, -2 to the last but one item, etc. >
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161 :let last = mylist[-1] " get the last item: "four"
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162
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163 To avoid an error for an invalid index use the |get()| function. When an item
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164 is not available it returns zero or the default value you specify: >
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165 :echo get(mylist, idx)
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166 :echo get(mylist, idx, "NONE")
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167
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168
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169 List concatenation ~
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170
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171 Two lists can be concatenated with the "+" operator: >
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172 :let longlist = mylist + [5, 6]
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173
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174 To prepend or append an item turn the item into a list by putting [] around
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175 it. To change a list in-place see |list-modification| below.
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176
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177
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178 Sublist ~
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179
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180 A part of the List can be obtained by specifying the first and last index,
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181 separated by a colon in square brackets: >
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182 :let shortlist = mylist[2:-1] " get List [3, "four"]
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183
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184 Omitting the first index is similar to zero. Omitting the last index is
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185 similar to -1. The difference is that there is no error if the items are not
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186 available. >
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187 :let endlist = mylist[2:] " from item 2 to the end: [3, "four"]
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188 :let shortlist = mylist[2:2] " List with one item: [3]
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189 :let otherlist = mylist[:] " make a copy of the List
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190
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191 The second index can be just before the first index. In that case the result
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192 is an empty list. If the second index is lower, this results in an error. >
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193 :echo mylist[2:1] " result: []
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194 :echo mylist[2:0] " error!
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195
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196
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197 List identity ~
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198 *list-identity*
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199 When variable "aa" is a list and you assign it to another variable "bb", both
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200 variables refer to the same list. Thus changing the list "aa" will also
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201 change "bb": >
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202 :let aa = [1, 2, 3]
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203 :let bb = aa
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204 :call add(aa, 4)
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205 :echo bb
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206 < [1, 2, 3, 4]
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207
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208 Making a copy of a list is done with the |copy()| function. Using [:] also
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209 works, as explained above. This creates a shallow copy of the list: Changing
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210 a list item in the list will also change the item in the copied list: >
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211 :let aa = [[1, 'a'], 2, 3]
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212 :let bb = copy(aa)
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213 :call add(aa, 4)
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214 :let aa[0][1] = 'aaa'
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215 :echo aa
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216 < [[1, aaa], 2, 3, 4] >
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217 :echo bb
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218 < [[1, aaa], 2, 3]
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219
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220 To make a completely independent list use |deepcopy()|. This also makes a
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221 copy of the values in the list, recursively. Up to a hundred levels deep.
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222
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223 The operator "is" can be used to check if two variables refer to the same
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224 List. "isnot" does the opposite. In contrast "==" compares if two lists have
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225 the same value. >
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226 :let alist = [1, 2, 3]
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227 :let blist = [1, 2, 3]
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228 :echo alist is blist
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229 < 0 >
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230 :echo alist == blist
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231 < 1
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232
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233
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234 List unpack ~
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235
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236 To unpack the items in a list to individual variables, put the variables in
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237 square brackets, like list items: >
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238 :let [var1, var2] = mylist
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239
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240 When the number of variables does not match the number of items in the list
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241 this produces an error. To handle any extra items from the list append ";"
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242 and a variable name: >
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243 :let [var1, var2; rest] = mylist
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244
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245 This works like: >
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246 :let var1 = mylist[0]
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247 :let var2 = mylist[1]
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248 :let rest = mylist[2:]
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249
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250 Except that there is no error if there are only two items. "rest" will be an
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251 empty list then.
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252
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253
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254 List modification ~
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255 *list-modification*
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256 To change a specific item of a list use |:let| this way: >
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257 :let list[4] = "four"
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258 :let listlist[0][3] = item
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259
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260 To change part of a list you can specify the first and last item to be
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261 modified. The value must at least have the number of items in the range: >
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262 :let list[3:5] = [3, 4, 5]
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263
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264 Adding and removing items from a list is done with functions. Here are a few
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265 examples: >
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266 :call insert(list, 'a') " prepend item 'a'
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267 :call insert(list, 'a', 3) " insert item 'a' before list[3]
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268 :call add(list, "new") " append String item
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269 :call add(list, [1, 2]) " append a List as one new item
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270 :call extend(list, [1, 2]) " extend the list with two more items
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271 :let i = remove(list, 3) " remove item 3
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272 :unlet list[3] " idem
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273 :let l = remove(list, 3, -1) " remove items 3 to last item
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274 :unlet list[3 : ] " idem
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275 :call filter(list, 'v:val !~ "x"') " remove items with an 'x'
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276
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277 Changing the order of items in a list: >
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278 :call sort(list) " sort a list alphabetically
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279 :call reverse(list) " reverse the order of items
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280
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281
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282 For loop ~
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283
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284 The |:for| loop executes commands for each item in a list. A variable is set
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285 to each item in the list in sequence. Example: >
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286 :for item in mylist
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287 : call Doit(item)
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288 :endfor
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289
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290 This works like: >
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291 :let index = 0
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292 :while index < len(mylist)
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293 : let item = mylist[index]
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294 : :call Doit(item)
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295 : let index = index + 1
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296 :endwhile
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297
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298 Note that all items in the list should be of the same type, otherwise this
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299 results in error |E706|. To avoid this |:unlet| the variable at the end of
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300 the loop.
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301
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302 If all you want to do is modify each item in the list then the |map()|
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303 function will be a simpler method than a for loop.
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304
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305 Just like the |:let| command, |:for| also accepts a list of variables. This
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306 requires the argument to be a list of lists. >
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307 :for [lnum, col] in [[1, 3], [2, 8], [3, 0]]
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308 : call Doit(lnum, col)
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309 :endfor
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310
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311 This works like a |:let| command is done for each list item. Again, the types
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312 must remain the same to avoid an error.
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313
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314 It is also possible to put remaining items in a List variable: >
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315 :for [i, j; rest] in listlist
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316 : call Doit(i, j)
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317 : if !empty(rest)
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318 : echo "remainder: " . string(rest)
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319 : endif
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320 :endfor
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321
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322
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323 List functions ~
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324 *E714*
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325 Functions that are useful with a List: >
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326 :let r = call(funcname, list) " call a function with an argument list
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327 :if empty(list) " check if list is empty
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328 :let l = len(list) " number of items in list
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329 :let big = max(list) " maximum value in list
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330 :let small = min(list) " minimum value in list
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331 :let xs = count(list, 'x') " count nr of times 'x' appears in list
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332 :let i = index(list, 'x') " index of first 'x' in list
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333 :let lines = getline(1, 10) " get ten text lines from buffer
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334 :call append('$', lines) " append text lines in buffer
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335 :let list = split("a b c") " create list from items in a string
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336 :let string = join(list, ', ') " create string from list items
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102
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337 :let s = string(list) " String representation of list
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338 :call map(list, '">> " . v:val') " prepend ">> " to each item
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339
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340
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341 1.4 Dictionaries ~
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342 *Dictionaries* *Dictionary*
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343 A Dictionary is an associative array: Each entry has a key and a value. The
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344 entry can be located with the key. The entries are stored without a specific
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345 ordering.
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346
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347
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348 Dictionary creation ~
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349 *E720* *E721* *E722* *E723*
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350 A Dictionary is created with a comma separated list of entries in curly
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351 braces. Each entry has a key and a value, separated by a colon. Each key can
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352 only appear once. Examples: >
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353 :let mydict = {1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}
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354 :let emptydict = {}
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355 < *E713* *E716* *E717*
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356 A key is always a String. You can use a Number, it will be converted to a
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357 String automatically. Thus the String '4' and the number 4 will find the same
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358 entry. Note that the String '04' and the Number 04 are different, since the
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359 Number will be converted to the String '4'.
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360
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361 A value can be any expression. Using a Dictionary for a value creates a
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362 nested Dictionary: >
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363 :let nestdict = {1: {11: 'a', 12: 'b'}, 2: {21: 'c'}}
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364
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365 An extra comma after the last entry is ignored.
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366
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367
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368 Accessing entries ~
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369
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370 The normal way to access an entry is by putting the key in square brackets: >
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371 :let val = mydict["one"]
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|
372 :let mydict["four"] = 4
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373
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114
|
374 You can add new entries to an existing Dictionary this way, unlike Lists.
|
|
99
|
375
|
|
|
376 For keys that consist entirely of letters, digits and underscore the following
|
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|
377 form can be used |expr-entry|: >
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|
378 :let val = mydict.one
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|
379 :let mydict.four = 4
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|
|
380
|
|
|
381 Since an entry can be any type, also a List and a Dictionary, the indexing and
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382 key lookup can be repeated: >
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|
114
|
383 :echo dict.key[idx].key
|
|
99
|
384
|
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|
385
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|
386 Dictionary to List conversion ~
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|
387
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|
388 You may want to loop over the entries in a dictionary. For this you need to
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|
389 turn the Dictionary into a List and pass it to |:for|.
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390
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|
391 Most often you want to loop over the keys, using the |keys()| function: >
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|
392 :for key in keys(mydict)
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|
393 : echo key . ': ' . mydict[key]
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|
394 :endfor
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|
395
|
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|
396 The List of keys is unsorted. You may want to sort them first: >
|
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|
397 :for key in sort(keys(mydict))
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|
|
398
|
|
|
399 To loop over the values use the |values()| function: >
|
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|
400 :for v in values(mydict)
|
|
|
401 : echo "value: " . v
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402 :endfor
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|
403
|
|
|
404 If you want both the key and the value use the |items()| function. It returns
|
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114
|
405 a List in which each item is a List with two items, the key and the value: >
|
|
99
|
406 :for entry in items(mydict)
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|
407 : echo entry[0] . ': ' . entry[1]
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|
408 :endfor
|
|
|
409
|
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410
|
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|
411 Dictionary identity ~
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412
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|
413 Just like Lists you need to use |copy()| and |deepcopy()| to make a copy of a
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414 Dictionary. Otherwise, assignment results in referring to the same
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|
415 Dictionary: >
|
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|
416 :let onedict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
|
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417 :let adict = onedict
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418 :let adict['a'] = 11
|
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|
419 :echo onedict['a']
|
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|
420 11
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421
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|
422 For more info see |list-identity|.
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423
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424
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|
425 Dictionary modification ~
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|
|
426 *dict-modification*
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|
427 To change an already existing entry of a Dictionary, or to add a new entry,
|
|
|
428 use |:let| this way: >
|
|
|
429 :let dict[4] = "four"
|
|
|
430 :let dict['one'] = item
|
|
|
431
|
|
108
|
432 Removing an entry from a Dictionary is done with |remove()| or |:unlet|.
|
|
|
433 Three ways to remove the entry with key "aaa" from dict: >
|
|
|
434 :let i = remove(dict, 'aaa')
|
|
|
435 :unlet dict.aaa
|
|
|
436 :unlet dict['aaa']
|
|
99
|
437
|
|
|
438 Merging a Dictionary with another is done with |extend()|: >
|
|
114
|
439 :call extend(adict, bdict)
|
|
|
440 This extends adict with all entries from bdict. Duplicate keys cause entries
|
|
|
441 in adict to be overwritten. An optional third argument can change this.
|
|
99
|
442
|
|
|
443 Weeding out entries from a Dictionary can be done with |filter()|: >
|
|
114
|
444 :call filter(dict 'v:val =~ "x"')
|
|
|
445 This removes all entries from "dict" with a value not matching 'x'.
|
|
102
|
446
|
|
|
447
|
|
|
448 Dictionary function ~
|
|
114
|
449 *Dictionary-function* *self* *E725*
|
|
102
|
450 When a function is defined with the "dict" attribute it can be used in a
|
|
|
451 special way with a dictionary. Example: >
|
|
|
452 :function Mylen() dict
|
|
114
|
453 : return len(self.data)
|
|
102
|
454 :endfunction
|
|
114
|
455 :let mydict = {'data': [0, 1, 2, 3], 'len': function("Mylen")}
|
|
|
456 :echo mydict.len()
|
|
102
|
457
|
|
|
458 This is like a method in object oriented programming. The entry in the
|
|
|
459 Dictionary is a |Funcref|. The local variable "self" refers to the dictionary
|
|
|
460 the function was invoked from.
|
|
|
461
|
|
114
|
462 It is also possible to add a function without the "dict" attribute as a
|
|
|
463 Funcref to a Dictionary, but the "self" variable is not available then.
|
|
|
464
|
|
|
465 *numbered-function*
|
|
102
|
466 To avoid the extra name for the function it can be defined and directly
|
|
|
467 assigned to a Dictionary in this way: >
|
|
114
|
468 :let mydict = {'data': [0, 1, 2, 3]}
|
|
|
469 :function mydict.len() dict
|
|
|
470 : return len(self.data)
|
|
102
|
471 :endfunction
|
|
114
|
472 :echo mydict.len()
|
|
|
473
|
|
|
474 The function will then get a number and the value of dict.len is a |Funcref|
|
|
|
475 that references this function. The function can only be used through a
|
|
|
476 |Funcref|. It will automatically be deleted when there is no |Funcref|
|
|
|
477 remaining that refers to it.
|
|
|
478
|
|
|
479 It is not necessary to use the "dict" attribute for a numbered function.
|
|
102
|
480
|
|
|
481
|
|
|
482 Functions for Dictionaries ~
|
|
114
|
483 *E715*
|
|
|
484 Functions that can be used with a Dictionary: >
|
|
102
|
485 :if has_key(dict, 'foo') " TRUE if dict has entry with key "foo"
|
|
|
486 :if empty(dict) " TRUE if dict is empty
|
|
|
487 :let l = len(dict) " number of items in dict
|
|
|
488 :let big = max(dict) " maximum value in dict
|
|
|
489 :let small = min(dict) " minimum value in dict
|
|
|
490 :let xs = count(dict, 'x') " count nr of times 'x' appears in dict
|
|
|
491 :let s = string(dict) " String representation of dict
|
|
|
492 :call map(dict, '">> " . v:val') " prepend ">> " to each item
|
|
99
|
493
|
|
|
494
|
|
|
495 1.5 More about variables ~
|
|
85
|
496 *more-variables*
|
|
7
|
497 If you need to know the type of a variable or expression, use the |type()|
|
|
|
498 function.
|
|
|
499
|
|
|
500 When the '!' flag is included in the 'viminfo' option, global variables that
|
|
|
501 start with an uppercase letter, and don't contain a lowercase letter, are
|
|
|
502 stored in the viminfo file |viminfo-file|.
|
|
|
503
|
|
|
504 When the 'sessionoptions' option contains "global", global variables that
|
|
|
505 start with an uppercase letter and contain at least one lowercase letter are
|
|
|
506 stored in the session file |session-file|.
|
|
|
507
|
|
|
508 variable name can be stored where ~
|
|
|
509 my_var_6 not
|
|
|
510 My_Var_6 session file
|
|
|
511 MY_VAR_6 viminfo file
|
|
|
512
|
|
|
513
|
|
|
514 It's possible to form a variable name with curly braces, see
|
|
|
515 |curly-braces-names|.
|
|
|
516
|
|
|
517 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
518 2. Expression syntax *expression-syntax*
|
|
|
519
|
|
|
520 Expression syntax summary, from least to most significant:
|
|
|
521
|
|
|
522 |expr1| expr2 ? expr1 : expr1 if-then-else
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
524 |expr2| expr3 || expr3 .. logical OR
|
|
|
525
|
|
|
526 |expr3| expr4 && expr4 .. logical AND
|
|
|
527
|
|
|
528 |expr4| expr5 == expr5 equal
|
|
|
529 expr5 != expr5 not equal
|
|
|
530 expr5 > expr5 greater than
|
|
|
531 expr5 >= expr5 greater than or equal
|
|
|
532 expr5 < expr5 smaller than
|
|
|
533 expr5 <= expr5 smaller than or equal
|
|
|
534 expr5 =~ expr5 regexp matches
|
|
|
535 expr5 !~ expr5 regexp doesn't match
|
|
|
536
|
|
|
537 expr5 ==? expr5 equal, ignoring case
|
|
|
538 expr5 ==# expr5 equal, match case
|
|
|
539 etc. As above, append ? for ignoring case, # for
|
|
|
540 matching case
|
|
|
541
|
|
79
|
542 expr5 is expr5 same List instance
|
|
|
543 expr5 isnot expr5 different List instance
|
|
|
544
|
|
|
545 |expr5| expr6 + expr6 .. number addition or list concatenation
|
|
7
|
546 expr6 - expr6 .. number subtraction
|
|
|
547 expr6 . expr6 .. string concatenation
|
|
|
548
|
|
|
549 |expr6| expr7 * expr7 .. number multiplication
|
|
|
550 expr7 / expr7 .. number division
|
|
|
551 expr7 % expr7 .. number modulo
|
|
|
552
|
|
|
553 |expr7| ! expr7 logical NOT
|
|
|
554 - expr7 unary minus
|
|
|
555 + expr7 unary plus
|
|
102
|
556
|
|
|
557
|
|
|
558 |expr8| expr8[expr1] byte of a String or item of a List
|
|
|
559 expr8[expr1 : expr1] substring of a String or sublist of a List
|
|
|
560 expr8.name entry in a Dictionary
|
|
|
561 expr8(expr1, ...) function call with Funcref variable
|
|
|
562
|
|
|
563 |expr9| number number constant
|
|
26
|
564 "string" string constant, backslash is special
|
|
99
|
565 'string' string constant, ' is doubled
|
|
55
|
566 [expr1, ...] List
|
|
102
|
567 {expr1: expr1, ...} Dictionary
|
|
7
|
568 &option option value
|
|
|
569 (expr1) nested expression
|
|
|
570 variable internal variable
|
|
|
571 va{ria}ble internal variable with curly braces
|
|
|
572 $VAR environment variable
|
|
|
573 @r contents of register 'r'
|
|
|
574 function(expr1, ...) function call
|
|
|
575 func{ti}on(expr1, ...) function call with curly braces
|
|
|
576
|
|
|
577
|
|
|
578 ".." indicates that the operations in this level can be concatenated.
|
|
|
579 Example: >
|
|
|
580 &nu || &list && &shell == "csh"
|
|
|
581
|
|
|
582 All expressions within one level are parsed from left to right.
|
|
|
583
|
|
|
584
|
|
|
585 expr1 *expr1* *E109*
|
|
|
586 -----
|
|
|
587
|
|
|
588 expr2 ? expr1 : expr1
|
|
|
589
|
|
|
590 The expression before the '?' is evaluated to a number. If it evaluates to
|
|
|
591 non-zero, the result is the value of the expression between the '?' and ':',
|
|
|
592 otherwise the result is the value of the expression after the ':'.
|
|
|
593 Example: >
|
|
|
594 :echo lnum == 1 ? "top" : lnum
|
|
|
595
|
|
|
596 Since the first expression is an "expr2", it cannot contain another ?:. The
|
|
|
597 other two expressions can, thus allow for recursive use of ?:.
|
|
|
598 Example: >
|
|
|
599 :echo lnum == 1 ? "top" : lnum == 1000 ? "last" : lnum
|
|
|
600
|
|
|
601 To keep this readable, using |line-continuation| is suggested: >
|
|
|
602 :echo lnum == 1
|
|
|
603 :\ ? "top"
|
|
|
604 :\ : lnum == 1000
|
|
|
605 :\ ? "last"
|
|
|
606 :\ : lnum
|
|
|
607
|
|
|
608
|
|
|
609 expr2 and expr3 *expr2* *expr3*
|
|
|
610 ---------------
|
|
|
611
|
|
|
612 *expr-barbar* *expr-&&*
|
|
|
613 The "||" and "&&" operators take one argument on each side. The arguments
|
|
|
614 are (converted to) Numbers. The result is:
|
|
|
615
|
|
|
616 input output ~
|
|
|
617 n1 n2 n1 || n2 n1 && n2 ~
|
|
|
618 zero zero zero zero
|
|
|
619 zero non-zero non-zero zero
|
|
|
620 non-zero zero non-zero zero
|
|
|
621 non-zero non-zero non-zero non-zero
|
|
|
622
|
|
|
623 The operators can be concatenated, for example: >
|
|
|
624
|
|
|
625 &nu || &list && &shell == "csh"
|
|
|
626
|
|
|
627 Note that "&&" takes precedence over "||", so this has the meaning of: >
|
|
|
628
|
|
|
629 &nu || (&list && &shell == "csh")
|
|
|
630
|
|
|
631 Once the result is known, the expression "short-circuits", that is, further
|
|
|
632 arguments are not evaluated. This is like what happens in C. For example: >
|
|
|
633
|
|
|
634 let a = 1
|
|
|
635 echo a || b
|
|
|
636
|
|
|
637 This is valid even if there is no variable called "b" because "a" is non-zero,
|
|
|
638 so the result must be non-zero. Similarly below: >
|
|
|
639
|
|
|
640 echo exists("b") && b == "yes"
|
|
|
641
|
|
|
642 This is valid whether "b" has been defined or not. The second clause will
|
|
|
643 only be evaluated if "b" has been defined.
|
|
|
644
|
|
|
645
|
|
|
646 expr4 *expr4*
|
|
|
647 -----
|
|
|
648
|
|
|
649 expr5 {cmp} expr5
|
|
|
650
|
|
|
651 Compare two expr5 expressions, resulting in a 0 if it evaluates to false, or 1
|
|
|
652 if it evaluates to true.
|
|
|
653
|
|
|
654 *expr-==* *expr-!=* *expr->* *expr->=*
|
|
|
655 *expr-<* *expr-<=* *expr-=~* *expr-!~*
|
|
|
656 *expr-==#* *expr-!=#* *expr->#* *expr->=#*
|
|
|
657 *expr-<#* *expr-<=#* *expr-=~#* *expr-!~#*
|
|
|
658 *expr-==?* *expr-!=?* *expr->?* *expr->=?*
|
|
|
659 *expr-<?* *expr-<=?* *expr-=~?* *expr-!~?*
|
|
79
|
660 *expr-is*
|
|
7
|
661 use 'ignorecase' match case ignore case ~
|
|
|
662 equal == ==# ==?
|
|
|
663 not equal != !=# !=?
|
|
|
664 greater than > ># >?
|
|
|
665 greater than or equal >= >=# >=?
|
|
|
666 smaller than < <# <?
|
|
|
667 smaller than or equal <= <=# <=?
|
|
|
668 regexp matches =~ =~# =~?
|
|
|
669 regexp doesn't match !~ !~# !~?
|
|
79
|
670 same instance is
|
|
|
671 different instance isnot
|
|
7
|
672
|
|
|
673 Examples:
|
|
|
674 "abc" ==# "Abc" evaluates to 0
|
|
|
675 "abc" ==? "Abc" evaluates to 1
|
|
|
676 "abc" == "Abc" evaluates to 1 if 'ignorecase' is set, 0 otherwise
|
|
|
677
|
|
85
|
678 *E691* *E692*
|
|
79
|
679 A List can only be compared with a List and only "equal", "not equal" and "is"
|
|
|
680 can be used. This compares the values of the list, recursively. Ignoring
|
|
|
681 case means case is ignored when comparing item values.
|
|
|
682
|
|
114
|
683 *E735* *E736*
|
|
|
684 A Dictionary can only be compared with a Dictionary and only "equal", "not
|
|
|
685 equal" and "is" can be used. This compares the key/values of the Dictionary,
|
|
|
686 recursively. Ignoring case means case is ignored when comparing item values.
|
|
|
687
|
|
85
|
688 *E693* *E694*
|
|
79
|
689 A Funcref can only be compared with a Funcref and only "equal" and "not equal"
|
|
|
690 can be used. Case is never ignored.
|
|
|
691
|
|
|
692 When using "is" or "isnot" with a List this checks if the expressions are
|
|
|
693 referring to the same List instance. A copy of a List is different from the
|
|
|
694 original List. When using "is" without a List it is equivalent to using
|
|
|
695 "equal", using "isnot" equivalent to using "not equal". Except that a
|
|
|
696 different type means the values are different. "4 == '4'" is true, "4 is '4'"
|
|
|
697 is false.
|
|
|
698
|
|
7
|
699 When comparing a String with a Number, the String is converted to a Number,
|
|
|
700 and the comparison is done on Numbers. This means that "0 == 'x'" is TRUE,
|
|
|
701 because 'x' converted to a Number is zero.
|
|
|
702
|
|
|
703 When comparing two Strings, this is done with strcmp() or stricmp(). This
|
|
|
704 results in the mathematical difference (comparing byte values), not
|
|
|
705 necessarily the alphabetical difference in the local language.
|
|
|
706
|
|
|
707 When using the operators with a trailing '#", or the short version and
|
|
|
708 'ignorecase' is off, the comparing is done with strcmp().
|
|
|
709
|
|
|
710 When using the operators with a trailing '?', or the short version and
|
|
|
711 'ignorecase' is set, the comparing is done with stricmp().
|
|
|
712
|
|
|
713 The "=~" and "!~" operators match the lefthand argument with the righthand
|
|
|
714 argument, which is used as a pattern. See |pattern| for what a pattern is.
|
|
|
715 This matching is always done like 'magic' was set and 'cpoptions' is empty, no
|
|
|
716 matter what the actual value of 'magic' or 'cpoptions' is. This makes scripts
|
|
|
717 portable. To avoid backslashes in the regexp pattern to be doubled, use a
|
|
|
718 single-quote string, see |literal-string|.
|
|
|
719 Since a string is considered to be a single line, a multi-line pattern
|
|
|
720 (containing \n, backslash-n) will not match. However, a literal NL character
|
|
|
721 can be matched like an ordinary character. Examples:
|
|
|
722 "foo\nbar" =~ "\n" evaluates to 1
|
|
|
723 "foo\nbar" =~ "\\n" evaluates to 0
|
|
|
724
|
|
|
725
|
|
|
726 expr5 and expr6 *expr5* *expr6*
|
|
|
727 ---------------
|
|
79
|
728 expr6 + expr6 .. Number addition or List concatenation *expr-+*
|
|
|
729 expr6 - expr6 .. Number subtraction *expr--*
|
|
|
730 expr6 . expr6 .. String concatenation *expr-.*
|
|
|
731
|
|
|
732 For Lists only "+" is possible and then both expr6 must be a list. The result
|
|
|
733 is a new list with the two lists Concatenated.
|
|
|
734
|
|
|
735 expr7 * expr7 .. number multiplication *expr-star*
|
|
|
736 expr7 / expr7 .. number division *expr-/*
|
|
|
737 expr7 % expr7 .. number modulo *expr-%*
|
|
7
|
738
|
|
|
739 For all, except ".", Strings are converted to Numbers.
|
|
|
740
|
|
|
741 Note the difference between "+" and ".":
|
|
|
742 "123" + "456" = 579
|
|
|
743 "123" . "456" = "123456"
|
|
|
744
|
|
|
745 When the righthand side of '/' is zero, the result is 0x7fffffff.
|
|
|
746 When the righthand side of '%' is zero, the result is 0.
|
|
|
747
|
|
79
|
748 None of these work for Funcrefs.
|
|
|
749
|
|
7
|
750
|
|
|
751 expr7 *expr7*
|
|
|
752 -----
|
|
|
753 ! expr7 logical NOT *expr-!*
|
|
|
754 - expr7 unary minus *expr-unary--*
|
|
|
755 + expr7 unary plus *expr-unary-+*
|
|
|
756
|
|
|
757 For '!' non-zero becomes zero, zero becomes one.
|
|
|
758 For '-' the sign of the number is changed.
|
|
|
759 For '+' the number is unchanged.
|
|
|
760
|
|
|
761 A String will be converted to a Number first.
|
|
|
762
|
|
|
763 These three can be repeated and mixed. Examples:
|
|
|
764 !-1 == 0
|
|
|
765 !!8 == 1
|
|
|
766 --9 == 9
|
|
|
767
|
|
|
768
|
|
|
769 expr8 *expr8*
|
|
|
770 -----
|
|
102
|
771 expr8[expr1] item of String or List *expr-[]* *E111*
|
|
|
772
|
|
|
773 If expr8 is a Number or String this results in a String that contains the
|
|
|
774 expr1'th single byte from expr8. expr8 is used as a String, expr1 as a
|
|
55
|
775 Number. Note that this doesn't recognize multi-byte encodings.
|
|
|
776
|
|
|
777 Index zero gives the first character. This is like it works in C. Careful:
|
|
|
778 text column numbers start with one! Example, to get the character under the
|
|
|
779 cursor: >
|
|
7
|
780 :let c = getline(line("."))[col(".") - 1]
|
|
|
781
|
|
|
782 If the length of the String is less than the index, the result is an empty
|
|
55
|
783 String. A negative index always results in an empty string (reason: backwards
|
|
|
784 compatibility). Use [-1:] to get the last byte.
|
|
|
785
|
|
102
|
786 If expr8 is a List then it results the item at index expr1. See |list-index|
|
|
55
|
787 for possible index values. If the index is out of range this results in an
|
|
|
788 error. Example: >
|
|
|
789 :let item = mylist[-1] " get last item
|
|
|
790
|
|
|
791 Generally, if a List index is equal to or higher than the length of the List,
|
|
|
792 or more negative than the length of the List, this results in an error.
|
|
|
793
|
|
99
|
794
|
|
102
|
795 expr8[expr1a : expr1b] substring or sublist *expr-[:]*
|
|
|
796
|
|
|
797 If expr8 is a Number or String this results in the substring with the bytes
|
|
|
798 from expr1a to and including expr1b. expr8 is used as a String, expr1a and
|
|
55
|
799 expr1b are used as a Number. Note that this doesn't recognize multi-byte
|
|
|
800 encodings.
|
|
|
801
|
|
|
802 If expr1a is omitted zero is used. If expr1b is omitted the length of the
|
|
|
803 string minus one is used.
|
|
|
804
|
|
|
805 A negative number can be used to measure from the end of the string. -1 is
|
|
|
806 the last character, -2 the last but one, etc.
|
|
|
807
|
|
|
808 If an index goes out of range for the string characters are omitted. If
|
|
|
809 expr1b is smaller than expr1a the result is an empty string.
|
|
|
810
|
|
|
811 Examples: >
|
|
|
812 :let c = name[-1:] " last byte of a string
|
|
|
813 :let c = name[-2:-2] " last but one byte of a string
|
|
|
814 :let s = line(".")[4:] " from the fifth byte to the end
|
|
|
815 :let s = s[:-3] " remove last two bytes
|
|
|
816
|
|
102
|
817 If expr8 is a List this results in a new List with the items indicated by the
|
|
55
|
818 indexes expr1a and expr1b. This works like with a String, as explained just
|
|
|
819 above, except that indexes out of range cause an error. Examples: >
|
|
|
820 :let l = mylist[:3] " first four items
|
|
|
821 :let l = mylist[4:4] " List with one item
|
|
|
822 :let l = mylist[:] " shallow copy of a List
|
|
|
823
|
|
102
|
824 Using expr8[expr1] or expr8[expr1a : expr1b] on a Funcref results in an error.
|
|
|
825
|
|
|
826
|
|
|
827 expr8.name entry in a Dictionary *expr-entry*
|
|
|
828
|
|
|
829 If expr8 is a Dictionary and it is followed by a dot, then the following name
|
|
|
830 will be used as a key in the Dictionary. This is just like: expr8[name].
|
|
99
|
831
|
|
|
832 The name must consist of alphanumeric characters, just like a variable name,
|
|
|
833 but it may start with a number. Curly braces cannot be used.
|
|
|
834
|
|
|
835 There must not be white space before or after the dot.
|
|
|
836
|
|
|
837 Examples: >
|
|
|
838 :let dict = {"one": 1, 2: "two"}
|
|
|
839 :echo dict.one
|
|
|
840 :echo dict .2
|
|
|
841
|
|
|
842 Note that the dot is also used for String concatenation. To avoid confusion
|
|
|
843 always put spaces around the dot for String concatenation.
|
|
|
844
|
|
|
845
|
|
102
|
846 expr8(expr1, ...) Funcref function call
|
|
|
847
|
|
|
848 When expr8 is a |Funcref| type variable, invoke the function it refers to.
|
|
|
849
|
|
|
850
|
|
|
851
|
|
|
852 *expr9*
|
|
7
|
853 number
|
|
|
854 ------
|
|
|
855 number number constant *expr-number*
|
|
|
856
|
|
|
857 Decimal, Hexadecimal (starting with 0x or 0X), or Octal (starting with 0).
|
|
|
858
|
|
|
859
|
|
|
860 string *expr-string* *E114*
|
|
|
861 ------
|
|
|
862 "string" string constant *expr-quote*
|
|
|
863
|
|
|
864 Note that double quotes are used.
|
|
|
865
|
|
|
866 A string constant accepts these special characters:
|
|
|
867 \... three-digit octal number (e.g., "\316")
|
|
|
868 \.. two-digit octal number (must be followed by non-digit)
|
|
|
869 \. one-digit octal number (must be followed by non-digit)
|
|
|
870 \x.. byte specified with two hex numbers (e.g., "\x1f")
|
|
|
871 \x. byte specified with one hex number (must be followed by non-hex char)
|
|
|
872 \X.. same as \x..
|
|
|
873 \X. same as \x.
|
|
|
874 \u.... character specified with up to 4 hex numbers, stored according to the
|
|
|
875 current value of 'encoding' (e.g., "\u02a4")
|
|
|
876 \U.... same as \u....
|
|
|
877 \b backspace <BS>
|
|
|
878 \e escape <Esc>
|
|
|
879 \f formfeed <FF>
|
|
|
880 \n newline <NL>
|
|
|
881 \r return <CR>
|
|
|
882 \t tab <Tab>
|
|
|
883 \\ backslash
|
|
|
884 \" double quote
|
|
|
885 \<xxx> Special key named "xxx". e.g. "\<C-W>" for CTRL-W.
|
|
|
886
|
|
|
887 Note that "\000" and "\x00" force the end of the string.
|
|
|
888
|
|
|
889
|
|
|
890 literal-string *literal-string* *E115*
|
|
|
891 ---------------
|
|
26
|
892 'string' string constant *expr-'*
|
|
7
|
893
|
|
|
894 Note that single quotes are used.
|
|
|
895
|
|
26
|
896 This string is taken as it is. No backslashes are removed or have a special
|
|
99
|
897 meaning. The only exception is that two quotes stand for one quote.
|
|
26
|
898
|
|
|
899 Single quoted strings are useful for patterns, so that backslashes do not need
|
|
|
900 to be doubled. These two commands are equivalent: >
|
|
|
901 if a =~ "\\s*"
|
|
|
902 if a =~ '\s*'
|
|
7
|
903
|
|
|
904
|
|
|
905 option *expr-option* *E112* *E113*
|
|
|
906 ------
|
|
|
907 &option option value, local value if possible
|
|
|
908 &g:option global option value
|
|
|
909 &l:option local option value
|
|
|
910
|
|
|
911 Examples: >
|
|
|
912 echo "tabstop is " . &tabstop
|
|
|
913 if &insertmode
|
|
|
914
|
|
|
915 Any option name can be used here. See |options|. When using the local value
|
|
|
916 and there is no buffer-local or window-local value, the global value is used
|
|
|
917 anyway.
|
|
|
918
|
|
|
919
|
|
|
920 register *expr-register*
|
|
|
921 --------
|
|
|
922 @r contents of register 'r'
|
|
|
923
|
|
|
924 The result is the contents of the named register, as a single string.
|
|
|
925 Newlines are inserted where required. To get the contents of the unnamed
|
|
|
926 register use @" or @@. The '=' register can not be used here. See
|
|
|
927 |registers| for an explanation of the available registers.
|
|
|
928
|
|
|
929
|
|
|
930 nesting *expr-nesting* *E110*
|
|
|
931 -------
|
|
|
932 (expr1) nested expression
|
|
|
933
|
|
|
934
|
|
|
935 environment variable *expr-env*
|
|
|
936 --------------------
|
|
|
937 $VAR environment variable
|
|
|
938
|
|
|
939 The String value of any environment variable. When it is not defined, the
|
|
|
940 result is an empty string.
|
|
|
941 *expr-env-expand*
|
|
|
942 Note that there is a difference between using $VAR directly and using
|
|
|
943 expand("$VAR"). Using it directly will only expand environment variables that
|
|
|
944 are known inside the current Vim session. Using expand() will first try using
|
|
|
945 the environment variables known inside the current Vim session. If that
|
|
|
946 fails, a shell will be used to expand the variable. This can be slow, but it
|
|
|
947 does expand all variables that the shell knows about. Example: >
|
|
|
948 :echo $version
|
|
|
949 :echo expand("$version")
|
|
|
950 The first one probably doesn't echo anything, the second echoes the $version
|
|
|
951 variable (if your shell supports it).
|
|
|
952
|
|
|
953
|
|
|
954 internal variable *expr-variable*
|
|
|
955 -----------------
|
|
|
956 variable internal variable
|
|
|
957 See below |internal-variables|.
|
|
|
958
|
|
|
959
|
|
|
960 function call *expr-function* *E116* *E117* *E118* *E119* *E120*
|
|
|
961 -------------
|
|
|
962 function(expr1, ...) function call
|
|
|
963 See below |functions|.
|
|
|
964
|
|
|
965
|
|
|
966 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
967 3. Internal variable *internal-variables* *E121*
|
|
|
968 *E461*
|
|
|
969 An internal variable name can be made up of letters, digits and '_'. But it
|
|
|
970 cannot start with a digit. It's also possible to use curly braces, see
|
|
|
971 |curly-braces-names|.
|
|
|
972
|
|
|
973 An internal variable is created with the ":let" command |:let|.
|
|
87
|
974 An internal variable is explicitly destroyed with the ":unlet" command
|
|
|
975 |:unlet|.
|
|
|
976 Using a name that is not an internal variable or refers to a variable that has
|
|
|
977 been destroyed results in an error.
|
|
7
|
978
|
|
|
979 There are several name spaces for variables. Which one is to be used is
|
|
|
980 specified by what is prepended:
|
|
|
981
|
|
|
982 (nothing) In a function: local to a function; otherwise: global
|
|
|
983 |buffer-variable| b: Local to the current buffer.
|
|
|
984 |window-variable| w: Local to the current window.
|
|
|
985 |global-variable| g: Global.
|
|
|
986 |local-variable| l: Local to a function.
|
|
|
987 |script-variable| s: Local to a |:source|'ed Vim script.
|
|
|
988 |function-argument| a: Function argument (only inside a function).
|
|
|
989 |vim-variable| v: Global, predefined by Vim.
|
|
|
990
|
|
|
991 *buffer-variable* *b:var*
|
|
|
992 A variable name that is preceded with "b:" is local to the current buffer.
|
|
|
993 Thus you can have several "b:foo" variables, one for each buffer.
|
|
|
994 This kind of variable is deleted when the buffer is wiped out or deleted with
|
|
|
995 |:bdelete|.
|
|
|
996
|
|
|
997 One local buffer variable is predefined:
|
|
|
998 *b:changedtick-variable* *changetick*
|
|
|
999 b:changedtick The total number of changes to the current buffer. It is
|
|
|
1000 incremented for each change. An undo command is also a change
|
|
|
1001 in this case. This can be used to perform an action only when
|
|
|
1002 the buffer has changed. Example: >
|
|
|
1003 :if my_changedtick != b:changedtick
|
|
|
1004 : let my_changedtick = b:changedtick
|
|
|
1005 : call My_Update()
|
|
|
1006 :endif
|
|
|
1007 <
|
|
|
1008 *window-variable* *w:var*
|
|
|
1009 A variable name that is preceded with "w:" is local to the current window. It
|
|
|
1010 is deleted when the window is closed.
|
|
|
1011
|
|
|
1012 *global-variable* *g:var*
|
|
|
1013 Inside functions global variables are accessed with "g:". Omitting this will
|
|
|
1014 access a variable local to a function. But "g:" can also be used in any other
|
|
|
1015 place if you like.
|
|
|
1016
|
|
|
1017 *local-variable* *l:var*
|
|
|
1018 Inside functions local variables are accessed without prepending anything.
|
|
|
1019 But you can also prepend "l:" if you like.
|
|
|
1020
|
|
|
1021 *script-variable* *s:var*
|
|
|
1022 In a Vim script variables starting with "s:" can be used. They cannot be
|
|
|
1023 accessed from outside of the scripts, thus are local to the script.
|
|
|
1024
|
|
|
1025 They can be used in:
|
|
|
1026 - commands executed while the script is sourced
|
|
|
1027 - functions defined in the script
|
|
|
1028 - autocommands defined in the script
|
|
|
1029 - functions and autocommands defined in functions and autocommands which were
|
|
|
1030 defined in the script (recursively)
|
|
|
1031 - user defined commands defined in the script
|
|
|
1032 Thus not in:
|
|
|
1033 - other scripts sourced from this one
|
|
|
1034 - mappings
|
|
|
1035 - etc.
|
|
|
1036
|
|
|
1037 script variables can be used to avoid conflicts with global variable names.
|
|
|
1038 Take this example:
|
|
|
1039
|
|
|
1040 let s:counter = 0
|
|
|
1041 function MyCounter()
|
|
|
1042 let s:counter = s:counter + 1
|
|
|
1043 echo s:counter
|
|
|
1044 endfunction
|
|
|
1045 command Tick call MyCounter()
|
|
|
1046
|
|
|
1047 You can now invoke "Tick" from any script, and the "s:counter" variable in
|
|
|
1048 that script will not be changed, only the "s:counter" in the script where
|
|
|
1049 "Tick" was defined is used.
|
|
|
1050
|
|
|
1051 Another example that does the same: >
|
|
|
1052
|
|
|
1053 let s:counter = 0
|
|
|
1054 command Tick let s:counter = s:counter + 1 | echo s:counter
|
|
|
1055
|
|
|
1056 When calling a function and invoking a user-defined command, the context for
|
|
9
|
1057 script variables is set to the script where the function or command was
|
|
7
|
1058 defined.
|
|
|
1059
|
|
|
1060 The script variables are also available when a function is defined inside a
|
|
|
1061 function that is defined in a script. Example: >
|
|
|
1062
|
|
|
1063 let s:counter = 0
|
|
|
1064 function StartCounting(incr)
|
|
|
1065 if a:incr
|
|
|
1066 function MyCounter()
|
|
|
1067 let s:counter = s:counter + 1
|
|
|
1068 endfunction
|
|
|
1069 else
|
|
|
1070 function MyCounter()
|
|
|
1071 let s:counter = s:counter - 1
|
|
|
1072 endfunction
|
|
|
1073 endif
|
|
|
1074 endfunction
|
|
|
1075
|
|
|
1076 This defines the MyCounter() function either for counting up or counting down
|
|
|
1077 when calling StartCounting(). It doesn't matter from where StartCounting() is
|
|
|
1078 called, the s:counter variable will be accessible in MyCounter().
|
|
|
1079
|
|
|
1080 When the same script is sourced again it will use the same script variables.
|
|
|
1081 They will remain valid as long as Vim is running. This can be used to
|
|
|
1082 maintain a counter: >
|
|
|
1083
|
|
|
1084 if !exists("s:counter")
|
|
|
1085 let s:counter = 1
|
|
|
1086 echo "script executed for the first time"
|
|
|
1087 else
|
|
|
1088 let s:counter = s:counter + 1
|
|
|
1089 echo "script executed " . s:counter . " times now"
|
|
|
1090 endif
|
|
|
1091
|
|
|
1092 Note that this means that filetype plugins don't get a different set of script
|
|
|
1093 variables for each buffer. Use local buffer variables instead |b:var|.
|
|
|
1094
|
|
|
1095
|
|
|
1096 Predefined Vim variables: *vim-variable* *v:var*
|
|
|
1097
|
|
|
1098 *v:charconvert_from* *charconvert_from-variable*
|
|
|
1099 v:charconvert_from
|
|
|
1100 The name of the character encoding of a file to be converted.
|
|
|
1101 Only valid while evaluating the 'charconvert' option.
|
|
|
1102
|
|
|
1103 *v:charconvert_to* *charconvert_to-variable*
|
|
|
1104 v:charconvert_to
|
|
|
1105 The name of the character encoding of a file after conversion.
|
|
|
1106 Only valid while evaluating the 'charconvert' option.
|
|
|
1107
|
|
|
1108 *v:cmdarg* *cmdarg-variable*
|
|
|
1109 v:cmdarg This variable is used for two purposes:
|
|
|
1110 1. The extra arguments given to a file read/write command.
|
|
|
1111 Currently these are "++enc=" and "++ff=". This variable is
|
|
|
1112 set before an autocommand event for a file read/write
|
|
|
1113 command is triggered. There is a leading space to make it
|
|
|
1114 possible to append this variable directly after the
|
|
|
1115 read/write command. Note: The "+cmd" argument isn't
|
|
|
1116 included here, because it will be executed anyway.
|
|
|
1117 2. When printing a PostScript file with ":hardcopy" this is
|
|
|
1118 the argument for the ":hardcopy" command. This can be used
|
|
|
1119 in 'printexpr'.
|
|
|
1120
|
|
|
1121 *v:cmdbang* *cmdbang-variable*
|
|
|
1122 v:cmdbang Set like v:cmdarg for a file read/write command. When a "!"
|
|
|
1123 was used the value is 1, otherwise it is 0. Note that this
|
|
|
1124 can only be used in autocommands. For user commands |<bang>|
|
|
|
1125 can be used.
|
|
|
1126
|
|
|
1127 *v:count* *count-variable*
|
|
|
1128 v:count The count given for the last Normal mode command. Can be used
|
|
|
1129 to get the count before a mapping. Read-only. Example: >
|
|
|
1130 :map _x :<C-U>echo "the count is " . v:count<CR>
|
|
|
1131 < Note: The <C-U> is required to remove the line range that you
|
|
|
1132 get when typing ':' after a count.
|
|
|
1133 "count" also works, for backwards compatibility.
|
|
|
1134
|
|
|
1135 *v:count1* *count1-variable*
|
|
|
1136 v:count1 Just like "v:count", but defaults to one when no count is
|
|
|
1137 used.
|
|
|
1138
|
|
|
1139 *v:ctype* *ctype-variable*
|
|
|
1140 v:ctype The current locale setting for characters of the runtime
|
|
|
1141 environment. This allows Vim scripts to be aware of the
|
|
|
1142 current locale encoding. Technical: it's the value of
|
|
|
1143 LC_CTYPE. When not using a locale the value is "C".
|
|
|
1144 This variable can not be set directly, use the |:language|
|
|
|
1145 command.
|
|
|
1146 See |multi-lang|.
|
|
|
1147
|
|
|
1148 *v:dying* *dying-variable*
|
|
|
1149 v:dying Normally zero. When a deadly signal is caught it's set to
|
|
|
1150 one. When multiple signals are caught the number increases.
|
|
|
1151 Can be used in an autocommand to check if Vim didn't
|
|
|
1152 terminate normally. {only works on Unix}
|
|
|
1153 Example: >
|
|
|
1154 :au VimLeave * if v:dying | echo "\nAAAAaaaarrrggghhhh!!!\n" | endif
|
|
|
1155 <
|
|
|
1156 *v:errmsg* *errmsg-variable*
|
|
|
1157 v:errmsg Last given error message. It's allowed to set this variable.
|
|
|
1158 Example: >
|
|
|
1159 :let v:errmsg = ""
|
|
|
1160 :silent! next
|
|
|
1161 :if v:errmsg != ""
|
|
|
1162 : ... handle error
|
|
|
1163 < "errmsg" also works, for backwards compatibility.
|
|
|
1164
|
|
|
1165 *v:exception* *exception-variable*
|
|
|
1166 v:exception The value of the exception most recently caught and not
|
|
|
1167 finished. See also |v:throwpoint| and |throw-variables|.
|
|
|
1168 Example: >
|
|
|
1169 :try
|
|
|
1170 : throw "oops"
|
|
|
1171 :catch /.*/
|
|
|
1172 : echo "caught" v:exception
|
|
|
1173 :endtry
|
|
|
1174 < Output: "caught oops".
|
|
|
1175
|
|
|
1176 *v:fname_in* *fname_in-variable*
|
|
|
1177 v:fname_in The name of the input file. Only valid while evaluating:
|
|
|
1178 option used for ~
|
|
|
1179 'charconvert' file to be converted
|
|
|
1180 'diffexpr' original file
|
|
|
1181 'patchexpr' original file
|
|
|
1182 'printexpr' file to be printed
|
|
|
1183
|
|
|
1184 *v:fname_out* *fname_out-variable*
|
|
|
1185 v:fname_out The name of the output file. Only valid while
|
|
|
1186 evaluating:
|
|
|
1187 option used for ~
|
|
|
1188 'charconvert' resulting converted file (*)
|
|
|
1189 'diffexpr' output of diff
|
|
|
1190 'patchexpr' resulting patched file
|
|
|
1191 (*) When doing conversion for a write command (e.g., ":w
|
|
|
1192 file") it will be equal to v:fname_in. When doing conversion
|
|
|
1193 for a read command (e.g., ":e file") it will be a temporary
|
|
|
1194 file and different from v:fname_in.
|
|
|
1195
|
|
|
1196 *v:fname_new* *fname_new-variable*
|
|
|
1197 v:fname_new The name of the new version of the file. Only valid while
|
|
|
1198 evaluating 'diffexpr'.
|
|
|
1199
|
|
|
1200 *v:fname_diff* *fname_diff-variable*
|
|
|
1201 v:fname_diff The name of the diff (patch) file. Only valid while
|
|
|
1202 evaluating 'patchexpr'.
|
|
|
1203
|
|
|
1204 *v:folddashes* *folddashes-variable*
|
|
|
1205 v:folddashes Used for 'foldtext': dashes representing foldlevel of a closed
|
|
|
1206 fold.
|
|
29
|
1207 Read-only in the |sandbox|. |fold-foldtext|
|
|
7
|
1208
|
|
|
1209 *v:foldlevel* *foldlevel-variable*
|
|
|
1210 v:foldlevel Used for 'foldtext': foldlevel of closed fold.
|
|
29
|
1211 Read-only in the |sandbox|. |fold-foldtext|
|
|
7
|
1212
|
|
|
1213 *v:foldend* *foldend-variable*
|
|
|
1214 v:foldend Used for 'foldtext': last line of closed fold.
|
|
29
|
1215 Read-only in the |sandbox|. |fold-foldtext|
|
|
7
|
1216
|
|
|
1217 *v:foldstart* *foldstart-variable*
|
|
|
1218 v:foldstart Used for 'foldtext': first line of closed fold.
|
|
29
|
1219 Read-only in the |sandbox|. |fold-foldtext|
|
|
7
|
1220
|
|
11
|
1221 *v:insertmode* *insertmode-variable*
|
|
|
1222 v:insertmode Used for the |InsertEnter| and |InsertChange| autocommand
|
|
|
1223 events. Values:
|
|
|
1224 i Insert mode
|
|
|
1225 r Replace mode
|
|
|
1226 v Virtual Replace mode
|
|
|
1227
|
|
102
|
1228 *v:key* *key-variable*
|
|
|
1229 v:key Key of the current item of a Dictionary. Only valid while
|
|
|
1230 evaluating the expression used with |map()| and |filter()|.
|
|
|
1231 Read-only.
|
|
|
1232
|
|
7
|
1233 *v:lang* *lang-variable*
|
|
|
1234 v:lang The current locale setting for messages of the runtime
|
|
|
1235 environment. This allows Vim scripts to be aware of the
|
|
|
1236 current language. Technical: it's the value of LC_MESSAGES.
|
|
|
1237 The value is system dependent.
|
|
|
1238 This variable can not be set directly, use the |:language|
|
|
|
1239 command.
|
|
|
1240 It can be different from |v:ctype| when messages are desired
|
|
|
1241 in a different language than what is used for character
|
|
|
1242 encoding. See |multi-lang|.
|
|
|
1243
|
|
|
1244 *v:lc_time* *lc_time-variable*
|
|
|
1245 v:lc_time The current locale setting for time messages of the runtime
|
|
|
1246 environment. This allows Vim scripts to be aware of the
|
|
|
1247 current language. Technical: it's the value of LC_TIME.
|
|
|
1248 This variable can not be set directly, use the |:language|
|
|
|
1249 command. See |multi-lang|.
|
|
|
1250
|
|
|
1251 *v:lnum* *lnum-variable*
|
|
29
|
1252 v:lnum Line number for the 'foldexpr' |fold-expr| and 'indentexpr'
|
|
|
1253 expressions. Only valid while one of these expressions is
|
|
|
1254 being evaluated. Read-only when in the |sandbox|.
|
|
7
|
1255
|
|
|
1256 *v:prevcount* *prevcount-variable*
|
|
|
1257 v:prevcount The count given for the last but one Normal mode command.
|
|
|
1258 This is the v:count value of the previous command. Useful if
|
|
|
1259 you want to cancel Visual mode and then use the count. >
|
|
|
1260 :vmap % <Esc>:call MyFilter(v:prevcount)<CR>
|
|
|
1261 < Read-only.
|
|
|
1262
|
|
|
1263 *v:progname* *progname-variable*
|
|
|
1264 v:progname Contains the name (with path removed) with which Vim was
|
|
|
1265 invoked. Allows you to do special initialisations for "view",
|
|
|
1266 "evim" etc., or any other name you might symlink to Vim.
|
|
|
1267 Read-only.
|
|
|
1268
|
|
|
1269 *v:register* *register-variable*
|
|
|
1270 v:register The name of the register supplied to the last normal mode
|
|
|
1271 command. Empty if none were supplied. |getreg()| |setreg()|
|
|
|
1272
|
|
|
1273 *v:servername* *servername-variable*
|
|
|
1274 v:servername The resulting registered |x11-clientserver| name if any.
|
|
|
1275 Read-only.
|
|
|
1276
|
|
|
1277 *v:shell_error* *shell_error-variable*
|
|
|
1278 v:shell_error Result of the last shell command. When non-zero, the last
|
|
|
1279 shell command had an error. When zero, there was no problem.
|
|
|
1280 This only works when the shell returns the error code to Vim.
|
|
|
1281 The value -1 is often used when the command could not be
|
|
|
1282 executed. Read-only.
|
|
|
1283 Example: >
|
|
|
1284 :!mv foo bar
|
|
|
1285 :if v:shell_error
|
|
|
1286 : echo 'could not rename "foo" to "bar"!'
|
|
|
1287 :endif
|
|
|
1288 < "shell_error" also works, for backwards compatibility.
|
|
|
1289
|
|
|
1290 *v:statusmsg* *statusmsg-variable*
|
|
|
1291 v:statusmsg Last given status message. It's allowed to set this variable.
|
|
|
1292
|
|
|
1293 *v:termresponse* *termresponse-variable*
|
|
|
1294 v:termresponse The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the |t_RV|
|
|
|
1295 termcap entry. It is set when Vim receives an escape sequence
|
|
|
1296 that starts with ESC [ or CSI and ends in a 'c', with only
|
|
|
1297 digits, ';' and '.' in between.
|
|
|
1298 When this option is set, the TermResponse autocommand event is
|
|
|
1299 fired, so that you can react to the response from the
|
|
|
1300 terminal.
|
|
|
1301 The response from a new xterm is: "<Esc>[ Pp ; Pv ; Pc c". Pp
|
|
|
1302 is the terminal type: 0 for vt100 and 1 for vt220. Pv is the
|
|
|
1303 patch level (since this was introduced in patch 95, it's
|
|
|
1304 always 95 or bigger). Pc is always zero.
|
|
|
1305 {only when compiled with |+termresponse| feature}
|
|
|
1306
|
|
|
1307 *v:this_session* *this_session-variable*
|
|
|
1308 v:this_session Full filename of the last loaded or saved session file. See
|
|
|
1309 |:mksession|. It is allowed to set this variable. When no
|
|
|
1310 session file has been saved, this variable is empty.
|
|
|
1311 "this_session" also works, for backwards compatibility.
|
|
|
1312
|
|
|
1313 *v:throwpoint* *throwpoint-variable*
|
|
|
1314 v:throwpoint The point where the exception most recently caught and not
|
|
|
1315 finished was thrown. Not set when commands are typed. See
|
|
|
1316 also |v:exception| and |throw-variables|.
|
|
|
1317 Example: >
|
|
|
1318 :try
|
|
|
1319 : throw "oops"
|
|
|
1320 :catch /.*/
|
|
|
1321 : echo "Exception from" v:throwpoint
|
|
|
1322 :endtry
|
|
|
1323 < Output: "Exception from test.vim, line 2"
|
|
|
1324
|
|
102
|
1325 *v:val* *val-variable*
|
|
|
1326 v:val Value of the current item of a List or Dictionary. Only valid
|
|
|
1327 while evaluating the expression used with |map()| and
|
|
|
1328 |filter()|. Read-only.
|
|
|
1329
|
|
7
|
1330 *v:version* *version-variable*
|
|
|
1331 v:version Version number of Vim: Major version number times 100 plus
|
|
|
1332 minor version number. Version 5.0 is 500. Version 5.1 (5.01)
|
|
|
1333 is 501. Read-only. "version" also works, for backwards
|
|
|
1334 compatibility.
|
|
|
1335 Use |has()| to check if a certain patch was included, e.g.: >
|
|
|
1336 if has("patch123")
|
|
|
1337 < Note that patch numbers are specific to the version, thus both
|
|
|
1338 version 5.0 and 5.1 may have a patch 123, but these are
|
|
|
1339 completely different.
|
|
|
1340
|
|
|
1341 *v:warningmsg* *warningmsg-variable*
|
|
|
1342 v:warningmsg Last given warning message. It's allowed to set this variable.
|
|
|
1343
|
|
|
1344 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
1345 4. Builtin Functions *functions*
|
|
|
1346
|
|
|
1347 See |function-list| for a list grouped by what the function is used for.
|
|
|
1348
|
|
|
1349 (Use CTRL-] on the function name to jump to the full explanation)
|
|
|
1350
|
|
|
1351 USAGE RESULT DESCRIPTION ~
|
|
|
1352
|
|
82
|
1353 add( {list}, {item}) List append {item} to List {list}
|
|
55
|
1354 append( {lnum}, {string}) Number append {string} below line {lnum}
|
|
7
|
1355 argc() Number number of files in the argument list
|
|
55
|
1356 argidx() Number current index in the argument list
|
|
7
|
1357 argv( {nr}) String {nr} entry of the argument list
|
|
|
1358 browse( {save}, {title}, {initdir}, {default})
|
|
|
1359 String put up a file requester
|
|
29
|
1360 browsedir( {title}, {initdir}) String put up a directory requester
|
|
7
|
1361 bufexists( {expr}) Number TRUE if buffer {expr} exists
|
|
55
|
1362 buflisted( {expr}) Number TRUE if buffer {expr} is listed
|
|
|
1363 bufloaded( {expr}) Number TRUE if buffer {expr} is loaded
|
|
7
|
1364 bufname( {expr}) String Name of the buffer {expr}
|
|
|
1365 bufnr( {expr}) Number Number of the buffer {expr}
|
|
|
1366 bufwinnr( {expr}) Number window number of buffer {expr}
|
|
|
1367 byte2line( {byte}) Number line number at byte count {byte}
|
|
55
|
1368 byteidx( {expr}, {nr}) Number byte index of {nr}'th char in {expr}
|
|
102
|
1369 call( {func}, {arglist} [, {dict}])
|
|
|
1370 any call {func} with arguments {arglist}
|
|
7
|
1371 char2nr( {expr}) Number ASCII value of first char in {expr}
|
|
55
|
1372 cindent( {lnum}) Number C indent for line {lnum}
|
|
7
|
1373 col( {expr}) Number column nr of cursor or mark
|
|
|
1374 confirm( {msg} [, {choices} [, {default} [, {type}]]])
|
|
|
1375 Number number of choice picked by user
|
|
55
|
1376 copy( {expr}) any make a shallow copy of {expr}
|
|
95
|
1377 count( {list}, {expr} [, {start} [, {ic}]])
|
|
|
1378 Number count how many {expr} are in {list}
|
|
7
|
1379 cscope_connection( [{num} , {dbpath} [, {prepend}]])
|
|
|
1380 Number checks existence of cscope connection
|
|
55
|
1381 cursor( {lnum}, {col}) Number position cursor at {lnum}, {col}
|
|
|
1382 deepcopy( {expr}) any make a full copy of {expr}
|
|
7
|
1383 delete( {fname}) Number delete file {fname}
|
|
|
1384 did_filetype() Number TRUE if FileType autocommand event used
|
|
55
|
1385 diff_filler( {lnum}) Number diff filler lines about {lnum}
|
|
|
1386 diff_hlID( {lnum}, {col}) Number diff highlighting at {lnum}/{col}
|
|
85
|
1387 empty( {expr}) Number TRUE if {expr} is empty
|
|
7
|
1388 escape( {string}, {chars}) String escape {chars} in {string} with '\'
|
|
95
|
1389 eval( {string}) any evaluate {string} into its value
|
|
55
|
1390 eventhandler( ) Number TRUE if inside an event handler
|
|
7
|
1391 executable( {expr}) Number 1 if executable {expr} exists
|
|
|
1392 exists( {expr}) Number TRUE if {expr} exists
|
|
|
1393 expand( {expr}) String expand special keywords in {expr}
|
|
|
1394 filereadable( {file}) Number TRUE if {file} is a readable file
|
|
102
|
1395 filter( {expr}, {string}) List/Dict remove items from {expr} where
|
|
|
1396 {string} is 0
|
|
95
|
1397 finddir( {name}[, {path}[, {count}]])
|
|
|
1398 String Find directory {name} in {path}
|
|
19
|
1399 findfile( {name}[, {path}[, {count}]])
|
|
95
|
1400 String Find file {name} in {path}
|
|
7
|
1401 filewritable( {file}) Number TRUE if {file} is a writable file
|
|
|
1402 fnamemodify( {fname}, {mods}) String modify file name
|
|
55
|
1403 foldclosed( {lnum}) Number first line of fold at {lnum} if closed
|
|
|
1404 foldclosedend( {lnum}) Number last line of fold at {lnum} if closed
|
|
7
|
1405 foldlevel( {lnum}) Number fold level at {lnum}
|
|
55
|
1406 foldtext( ) String line displayed for closed fold
|
|
7
|
1407 foreground( ) Number bring the Vim window to the foreground
|
|
55
|
1408 function( {name}) Funcref reference to function {name}
|
|
82
|
1409 get( {list}, {idx} [, {def}]) any get item {idx} from {list} or {def}
|
|
102
|
1410 get( {dict}, {key} [, {def}]) any get item {key} from {dict} or {def}
|
|
55
|
1411 getchar( [expr]) Number get one character from the user
|
|
|
1412 getcharmod( ) Number modifiers for the last typed character
|
|
7
|
1413 getbufvar( {expr}, {varname}) variable {varname} in buffer {expr}
|
|
|
1414 getcmdline() String return the current command-line
|
|
|
1415 getcmdpos() Number return cursor position in command-line
|
|
|
1416 getcwd() String the current working directory
|
|
20
|
1417 getfperm( {fname}) String file permissions of file {fname}
|
|
|
1418 getfsize( {fname}) Number size in bytes of file {fname}
|
|
37
|
1419 getfontname( [{name}]) String name of font being used
|
|
7
|
1420 getftime( {fname}) Number last modification time of file
|
|
20
|
1421 getftype( {fname}) String description of type of file {fname}
|
|
7
|
1422 getline( {lnum}) String line {lnum} from current buffer
|
|
55
|
1423 getreg( [{regname}]) String contents of register
|
|
|
1424 getregtype( [{regname}]) String type of register
|
|
7
|
1425 getwinposx() Number X coord in pixels of GUI Vim window
|
|
|
1426 getwinposy() Number Y coord in pixels of GUI Vim window
|
|
|
1427 getwinvar( {nr}, {varname}) variable {varname} in window {nr}
|
|
|
1428 glob( {expr}) String expand file wildcards in {expr}
|
|
|
1429 globpath( {path}, {expr}) String do glob({expr}) for all dirs in {path}
|
|
|
1430 has( {feature}) Number TRUE if feature {feature} supported
|
|
102
|
1431 has_key( {dict}, {key}) Number TRUE if {dict} has entry {key}
|
|
7
|
1432 hasmapto( {what} [, {mode}]) Number TRUE if mapping to {what} exists
|
|
|
1433 histadd( {history},{item}) String add an item to a history
|
|
|
1434 histdel( {history} [, {item}]) String remove an item from a history
|
|
|
1435 histget( {history} [, {index}]) String get the item {index} from a history
|
|
|
1436 histnr( {history}) Number highest index of a history
|
|
|
1437 hlexists( {name}) Number TRUE if highlight group {name} exists
|
|
|
1438 hlID( {name}) Number syntax ID of highlight group {name}
|
|
|
1439 hostname() String name of the machine Vim is running on
|
|
55
|
1440 iconv( {expr}, {from}, {to}) String convert encoding of {expr}
|
|
|
1441 indent( {lnum}) Number indent of line {lnum}
|
|
95
|
1442 index( {list}, {expr} [, {start} [, {ic}]])
|
|
|
1443 Number index in {list} where {expr} appears
|
|
7
|
1444 input( {prompt} [, {text}]) String get input from the user
|
|
|
1445 inputdialog( {p} [, {t} [, {c}]]) String like input() but in a GUI dialog
|
|
55
|
1446 inputrestore() Number restore typeahead
|
|
|
1447 inputsave() Number save and clear typeahead
|
|
7
|
1448 inputsecret( {prompt} [, {text}]) String like input() but hiding the text
|
|
55
|
1449 insert( {list}, {item} [, {idx}]) List insert {item} in {list} [before {idx}]
|
|
7
|
1450 isdirectory( {directory}) Number TRUE if {directory} is a directory
|
|
95
|
1451 join( {list} [, {sep}]) String join {list} items into one String
|
|
99
|
1452 keys( {dict}) List List of keys in {dict}
|
|
55
|
1453 len( {expr}) Number the length of {expr}
|
|
|
1454 libcall( {lib}, {func}, {arg}) String call {func} in library {lib} with {arg}
|
|
7
|
1455 libcallnr( {lib}, {func}, {arg}) Number idem, but return a Number
|
|
|
1456 line( {expr}) Number line nr of cursor, last line or mark
|
|
|
1457 line2byte( {lnum}) Number byte count of line {lnum}
|
|
55
|
1458 lispindent( {lnum}) Number Lisp indent for line {lnum}
|
|
7
|
1459 localtime() Number current time
|
|
102
|
1460 map( {expr}, {string}) List/Dict change each item in {expr} to {expr}
|
|
7
|
1461 maparg( {name}[, {mode}]) String rhs of mapping {name} in mode {mode}
|
|
|
1462 mapcheck( {name}[, {mode}]) String check for mappings matching {name}
|
|
19
|
1463 match( {expr}, {pat}[, {start}[, {count}]])
|
|
7
|
1464 Number position where {pat} matches in {expr}
|
|
19
|
1465 matchend( {expr}, {pat}[, {start}[, {count}]])
|
|
7
|
1466 Number position where {pat} ends in {expr}
|
|
19
|
1467 matchstr( {expr}, {pat}[, {start}[, {count}]])
|
|
|
1468 String {count}'th match of {pat} in {expr}
|
|
87
|
1469 max({list}) Number maximum value of items in {list}
|
|
|
1470 min({list}) Number minumum value of items in {list}
|
|
55
|
1471 mode() String current editing mode
|
|
7
|
1472 nextnonblank( {lnum}) Number line nr of non-blank line >= {lnum}
|
|
|
1473 nr2char( {expr}) String single char with ASCII value {expr}
|
|
|
1474 prevnonblank( {lnum}) Number line nr of non-blank line <= {lnum}
|
|
99
|
1475 range( {expr} [, {max} [, {stride}]])
|
|
|
1476 List items from {expr} to {max}
|
|
7
|
1477 remote_expr( {server}, {string} [, {idvar}])
|
|
|
1478 String send expression
|
|
|
1479 remote_foreground( {server}) Number bring Vim server to the foreground
|
|
|
1480 remote_peek( {serverid} [, {retvar}])
|
|
|
1481 Number check for reply string
|
|
|
1482 remote_read( {serverid}) String read reply string
|
|
|
1483 remote_send( {server}, {string} [, {idvar}])
|
|
|
1484 String send key sequence
|
|
79
|
1485 remove( {list}, {idx} [, {end}]) any remove items {idx}-{end} from {list}
|
|
99
|
1486 remove( {dict}, {key}) any remove entry {key} from {dict}
|
|
55
|
1487 rename( {from}, {to}) Number rename (move) file from {from} to {to}
|
|
|
1488 repeat( {expr}, {count}) String repeat {expr} {count} times
|
|
|
1489 resolve( {filename}) String get filename a shortcut points to
|
|
82
|
1490 reverse( {list}) List reverse {list} in-place
|
|
55
|
1491 search( {pattern} [, {flags}]) Number search for {pattern}
|
|
7
|
1492 searchpair( {start}, {middle}, {end} [, {flags} [, {skip}]])
|
|
55
|
1493 Number search for other end of start/end pair
|
|
7
|
1494 server2client( {clientid}, {string})
|
|
|
1495 Number send reply string
|
|
|
1496 serverlist() String get a list of available servers
|
|
|
1497 setbufvar( {expr}, {varname}, {val}) set {varname} in buffer {expr} to {val}
|
|
|
1498 setcmdpos( {pos}) Number set cursor position in command-line
|
|
|
1499 setline( {lnum}, {line}) Number set line {lnum} to {line}
|
|
55
|
1500 setreg( {n}, {v}[, {opt}]) Number set register to value and type
|
|
7
|
1501 setwinvar( {nr}, {varname}, {val}) set {varname} in window {nr} to {val}
|
|
55
|
1502 simplify( {filename}) String simplify filename as much as possible
|
|
82
|
1503 sort( {list} [, {func}]) List sort {list}, using {func} to compare
|
|
95
|
1504 split( {expr} [, {pat}]) List make List from {pat} separated {expr}
|
|
7
|
1505 strftime( {format}[, {time}]) String time in specified format
|
|
|
1506 stridx( {haystack}, {needle}) Number first index of {needle} in {haystack}
|
|
95
|
1507 string( {expr}) String String representation of {expr} value
|
|
7
|
1508 strlen( {expr}) Number length of the String {expr}
|
|
|
1509 strpart( {src}, {start}[, {len}])
|
|
|
1510 String {len} characters of {src} at {start}
|
|
|
1511 strridx( {haystack}, {needle}) Number last index of {needle} in {haystack}
|
|
|
1512 strtrans( {expr}) String translate string to make it printable
|
|
55
|
1513 submatch( {nr}) String specific match in ":substitute"
|
|
7
|
1514 substitute( {expr}, {pat}, {sub}, {flags})
|
|
|
1515 String all {pat} in {expr} replaced with {sub}
|
|
32
|
1516 synID( {lnum}, {col}, {trans}) Number syntax ID at {lnum} and {col}
|
|
7
|
1517 synIDattr( {synID}, {what} [, {mode}])
|
|
|
1518 String attribute {what} of syntax ID {synID}
|
|
|
1519 synIDtrans( {synID}) Number translated syntax ID of {synID}
|
|
24
|
1520 system( {expr} [, {input}]) String output of shell command/filter {expr}
|
|
7
|
1521 tempname() String name for a temporary file
|
|
|
1522 tolower( {expr}) String the String {expr} switched to lowercase
|
|
|
1523 toupper( {expr}) String the String {expr} switched to uppercase
|
|
15
|
1524 tr( {src}, {fromstr}, {tostr}) String translate chars of {src} in {fromstr}
|
|
|
1525 to chars in {tostr}
|
|
7
|
1526 type( {name}) Number type of variable {name}
|
|
|
1527 virtcol( {expr}) Number screen column of cursor or mark
|
|
|
1528 visualmode( [expr]) String last visual mode used
|
|
|
1529 winbufnr( {nr}) Number buffer number of window {nr}
|
|
|
1530 wincol() Number window column of the cursor
|
|
|
1531 winheight( {nr}) Number height of window {nr}
|
|
|
1532 winline() Number window line of the cursor
|
|
|
1533 winnr() Number number of current window
|
|
55
|
1534 winrestcmd() String returns command to restore window sizes
|
|
7
|
1535 winwidth( {nr}) Number width of window {nr}
|
|
|
1536
|
|
82
|
1537 add({list}, {expr}) *add()*
|
|
|
1538 Append the item {expr} to List {list}. Returns the resulting
|
|
|
1539 List. Examples: >
|
|
|
1540 :let alist = add([1, 2, 3], item)
|
|
|
1541 :call add(mylist, "woodstock")
|
|
|
1542 < Note that when {expr} is a List it is appended as a single
|
|
55
|
1543 item. Use |extend()| to concatenate Lists.
|
|
85
|
1544 Use |insert()| to add an item at another position.
|
|
55
|
1545
|
|
82
|
1546
|
|
|
1547 append({lnum}, {expr}) *append()*
|
|
|
1548 When {expr} is a List: Append each item of the list as a text
|
|
|
1549 line below line {lnum} in the current buffer.
|
|
|
1550 Otherwise append the text line {expr} below line {lnum} in the
|
|
|
1551 current buffer.
|
|
|
1552 {lnum} can be zero, to insert a line before the first one.
|
|
|
1553 Returns 1 for failure ({lnum} out of range or out of memory),
|
|
|
1554 0 for success. Example: >
|
|
55
|
1555 :let failed = append(line('$'), "# THE END")
|
|
82
|
1556 :let failed = append(0, ["Chapter 1", "the beginning"])
|
|
55
|
1557 <
|
|
7
|
1558 *argc()*
|
|
|
1559 argc() The result is the number of files in the argument list of the
|
|
|
1560 current window. See |arglist|.
|
|
|
1561
|
|
|
1562 *argidx()*
|
|
|
1563 argidx() The result is the current index in the argument list. 0 is
|
|
|
1564 the first file. argc() - 1 is the last one. See |arglist|.
|
|
|
1565
|
|
|
1566 *argv()*
|
|
|
1567 argv({nr}) The result is the {nr}th file in the argument list of the
|
|
|
1568 current window. See |arglist|. "argv(0)" is the first one.
|
|
|
1569 Example: >
|
|
|
1570 :let i = 0
|
|
|
1571 :while i < argc()
|
|
|
1572 : let f = escape(argv(i), '. ')
|
|
|
1573 : exe 'amenu Arg.' . f . ' :e ' . f . '<CR>'
|
|
|
1574 : let i = i + 1
|
|
|
1575 :endwhile
|
|
|
1576 <
|
|
|
1577 *browse()*
|
|
|
1578 browse({save}, {title}, {initdir}, {default})
|
|
|
1579 Put up a file requester. This only works when "has("browse")"
|
|
|
1580 returns non-zero (only in some GUI versions).
|
|
|
1581 The input fields are:
|
|
|
1582 {save} when non-zero, select file to write
|
|
|
1583 {title} title for the requester
|
|
|
1584 {initdir} directory to start browsing in
|
|
|
1585 {default} default file name
|
|
|
1586 When the "Cancel" button is hit, something went wrong, or
|
|
|
1587 browsing is not possible, an empty string is returned.
|
|
|
1588
|
|
29
|
1589 *browsedir()*
|
|
|
1590 browsedir({title}, {initdir})
|
|
|
1591 Put up a directory requester. This only works when
|
|
|
1592 "has("browse")" returns non-zero (only in some GUI versions).
|
|
|
1593 On systems where a directory browser is not supported a file
|
|
|
1594 browser is used. In that case: select a file in the directory
|
|
|
1595 to be used.
|
|
|
1596 The input fields are:
|
|
|
1597 {title} title for the requester
|
|
|
1598 {initdir} directory to start browsing in
|
|
|
1599 When the "Cancel" button is hit, something went wrong, or
|
|
|
1600 browsing is not possible, an empty string is returned.
|
|
|
1601
|
|
7
|
1602 bufexists({expr}) *bufexists()*
|
|
|
1603 The result is a Number, which is non-zero if a buffer called
|
|
|
1604 {expr} exists.
|
|
9
|
1605 If the {expr} argument is a number, buffer numbers are used.
|
|
7
|
1606 If the {expr} argument is a string it must match a buffer name
|
|
9
|
1607 exactly. The name can be:
|
|
|
1608 - Relative to the current directory.
|
|
|
1609 - A full path.
|
|
|
1610 - The name of a buffer with 'filetype' set to "nofile".
|
|
|
1611 - A URL name.
|
|
7
|
1612 Unlisted buffers will be found.
|
|
|
1613 Note that help files are listed by their short name in the
|
|
|
1614 output of |:buffers|, but bufexists() requires using their
|
|
|
1615 long name to be able to find them.
|
|
|
1616 Use "bufexists(0)" to test for the existence of an alternate
|
|
|
1617 file name.
|
|
|
1618 *buffer_exists()*
|
|
|
1619 Obsolete name: buffer_exists().
|
|
|
1620
|
|
|
1621 buflisted({expr}) *buflisted()*
|
|
|
1622 The result is a Number, which is non-zero if a buffer called
|
|
|
1623 {expr} exists and is listed (has the 'buflisted' option set).
|
|
9
|
1624 The {expr} argument is used like with |bufexists()|.
|
|
7
|
1625
|
|
|
1626 bufloaded({expr}) *bufloaded()*
|
|
|
1627 The result is a Number, which is non-zero if a buffer called
|
|
|
1628 {expr} exists and is loaded (shown in a window or hidden).
|
|
9
|
1629 The {expr} argument is used like with |bufexists()|.
|
|
7
|
1630
|
|
|
1631 bufname({expr}) *bufname()*
|
|
|
1632 The result is the name of a buffer, as it is displayed by the
|
|
|
1633 ":ls" command.
|
|
|
1634 If {expr} is a Number, that buffer number's name is given.
|
|
|
1635 Number zero is the alternate buffer for the current window.
|
|
|
1636 If {expr} is a String, it is used as a |file-pattern| to match
|
|
|
1637 with the buffer names. This is always done like 'magic' is
|
|
|
1638 set and 'cpoptions' is empty. When there is more than one
|
|
|
1639 match an empty string is returned.
|
|
|
1640 "" or "%" can be used for the current buffer, "#" for the
|
|
|
1641 alternate buffer.
|
|
|
1642 A full match is preferred, otherwise a match at the start, end
|
|
|
1643 or middle of the buffer name is accepted.
|
|
|
1644 Listed buffers are found first. If there is a single match
|
|
|
1645 with a listed buffer, that one is returned. Next unlisted
|
|
|
1646 buffers are searched for.
|
|
|
1647 If the {expr} is a String, but you want to use it as a buffer
|
|
|
1648 number, force it to be a Number by adding zero to it: >
|
|
|
1649 :echo bufname("3" + 0)
|
|
|
1650 < If the buffer doesn't exist, or doesn't have a name, an empty
|
|
|
1651 string is returned. >
|
|
|
1652 bufname("#") alternate buffer name
|
|
|
1653 bufname(3) name of buffer 3
|
|
|
1654 bufname("%") name of current buffer
|
|
|
1655 bufname("file2") name of buffer where "file2" matches.
|
|
|
1656 < *buffer_name()*
|
|
|
1657 Obsolete name: buffer_name().
|
|
|
1658
|
|
|
1659 *bufnr()*
|
|
|
1660 bufnr({expr}) The result is the number of a buffer, as it is displayed by
|
|
|
1661 the ":ls" command. For the use of {expr}, see |bufname()|
|
|
|
1662 above. If the buffer doesn't exist, -1 is returned.
|
|
|
1663 bufnr("$") is the last buffer: >
|
|
|
1664 :let last_buffer = bufnr("$")
|
|
|
1665 < The result is a Number, which is the highest buffer number
|
|
|
1666 of existing buffers. Note that not all buffers with a smaller
|
|
|
1667 number necessarily exist, because ":bwipeout" may have removed
|
|
|
1668 them. Use bufexists() to test for the existence of a buffer.
|
|
|
1669 *buffer_number()*
|
|
|
1670 Obsolete name: buffer_number().
|
|
|
1671 *last_buffer_nr()*
|
|
|
1672 Obsolete name for bufnr("$"): last_buffer_nr().
|
|
|
1673
|
|
|
1674 bufwinnr({expr}) *bufwinnr()*
|
|
|
1675 The result is a Number, which is the number of the first
|
|
|
1676 window associated with buffer {expr}. For the use of {expr},
|
|
|
1677 see |bufname()| above. If buffer {expr} doesn't exist or
|
|
|
1678 there is no such window, -1 is returned. Example: >
|
|
|
1679
|
|
|
1680 echo "A window containing buffer 1 is " . (bufwinnr(1))
|
|
|
1681
|
|
|
1682 < The number can be used with |CTRL-W_w| and ":wincmd w"
|
|
|
1683 |:wincmd|.
|
|
|
1684
|
|
|
1685
|
|
|
1686 byte2line({byte}) *byte2line()*
|
|
|
1687 Return the line number that contains the character at byte
|
|
|
1688 count {byte} in the current buffer. This includes the
|
|
|
1689 end-of-line character, depending on the 'fileformat' option
|
|
|
1690 for the current buffer. The first character has byte count
|
|
|
1691 one.
|
|
|
1692 Also see |line2byte()|, |go| and |:goto|.
|
|
|
1693 {not available when compiled without the |+byte_offset|
|
|
|
1694 feature}
|
|
|
1695
|
|
18
|
1696 byteidx({expr}, {nr}) *byteidx()*
|
|
|
1697 Return byte index of the {nr}'th character in the string
|
|
|
1698 {expr}. Use zero for the first character, it returns zero.
|
|
|
1699 This function is only useful when there are multibyte
|
|
|
1700 characters, otherwise the returned value is equal to {nr}.
|
|
|
1701 Composing characters are counted as a separate character.
|
|
|
1702 Example : >
|
|
|
1703 echo matchstr(str, ".", byteidx(str, 3))
|
|
|
1704 < will display the fourth character. Another way to do the
|
|
|
1705 same: >
|
|
|
1706 let s = strpart(str, byteidx(str, 3))
|
|
|
1707 echo strpart(s, 0, byteidx(s, 1))
|
|
|
1708 < If there are less than {nr} characters -1 is returned.
|
|
|
1709 If there are exactly {nr} characters the length of the string
|
|
|
1710 is returned.
|
|
|
1711
|
|
102
|
1712 call({func}, {arglist} [, {dict}]) *call()* *E699*
|
|
79
|
1713 Call function {func} with the items in List {arglist} as
|
|
|
1714 arguments.
|
|
|
1715 {func} can either be a Funcref or the name of a function.
|
|
|
1716 a:firstline and a:lastline are set to the cursor line.
|
|
|
1717 Returns the return value of the called function.
|
|
102
|
1718 {dict} is for functions with the "dict" attribute. It will be
|
|
|
1719 used to set the local variable "self". |Dictionary-function|
|
|
79
|
1720
|
|
7
|
1721 char2nr({expr}) *char2nr()*
|
|
|
1722 Return number value of the first char in {expr}. Examples: >
|
|
|
1723 char2nr(" ") returns 32
|
|
|
1724 char2nr("ABC") returns 65
|
|
|
1725 < The current 'encoding' is used. Example for "utf-8": >
|
|
|
1726 char2nr("á") returns 225
|
|
|
1727 char2nr("á"[0]) returns 195
|
|
|
1728
|
|
|
1729 cindent({lnum}) *cindent()*
|
|
|
1730 Get the amount of indent for line {lnum} according the C
|
|
|
1731 indenting rules, as with 'cindent'.
|
|
|
1732 The indent is counted in spaces, the value of 'tabstop' is
|
|
|
1733 relevant. {lnum} is used just like in |getline()|.
|
|
|
1734 When {lnum} is invalid or Vim was not compiled the |+cindent|
|
|
|
1735 feature, -1 is returned.
|
|
|
1736
|
|
|
1737 *col()*
|
|
24
|
1738 col({expr}) The result is a Number, which is the byte index of the column
|
|
7
|
1739 position given with {expr}. The accepted positions are:
|
|
|
1740 . the cursor position
|
|
|
1741 $ the end of the cursor line (the result is the
|
|
|
1742 number of characters in the cursor line plus one)
|
|
|
1743 'x position of mark x (if the mark is not set, 0 is
|
|
|
1744 returned)
|
|
|
1745 For the screen column position use |virtcol()|.
|
|
|
1746 Note that only marks in the current file can be used.
|
|
|
1747 Examples: >
|
|
|
1748 col(".") column of cursor
|
|
|
1749 col("$") length of cursor line plus one
|
|
|
1750 col("'t") column of mark t
|
|
|
1751 col("'" . markname) column of mark markname
|
|
|
1752 < The first column is 1. 0 is returned for an error.
|
|
|
1753 For the cursor position, when 'virtualedit' is active, the
|
|
|
1754 column is one higher if the cursor is after the end of the
|
|
|
1755 line. This can be used to obtain the column in Insert mode: >
|
|
|
1756 :imap <F2> <C-O>:let save_ve = &ve<CR>
|
|
|
1757 \<C-O>:set ve=all<CR>
|
|
|
1758 \<C-O>:echo col(".") . "\n" <Bar>
|
|
|
1759 \let &ve = save_ve<CR>
|
|
|
1760 <
|
|
|
1761 *confirm()*
|
|
|
1762 confirm({msg} [, {choices} [, {default} [, {type}]]])
|
|
|
1763 Confirm() offers the user a dialog, from which a choice can be
|
|
|
1764 made. It returns the number of the choice. For the first
|
|
|
1765 choice this is 1.
|
|
|
1766 Note: confirm() is only supported when compiled with dialog
|
|
|
1767 support, see |+dialog_con| and |+dialog_gui|.
|
|
|
1768 {msg} is displayed in a |dialog| with {choices} as the
|
|
|
1769 alternatives. When {choices} is missing or empty, "&OK" is
|
|
|
1770 used (and translated).
|
|
|
1771 {msg} is a String, use '\n' to include a newline. Only on
|
|
|
1772 some systems the string is wrapped when it doesn't fit.
|
|
|
1773 {choices} is a String, with the individual choices separated
|
|
|
1774 by '\n', e.g. >
|
|
|
1775 confirm("Save changes?", "&Yes\n&No\n&Cancel")
|
|
|
1776 < The letter after the '&' is the shortcut key for that choice.
|
|
|
1777 Thus you can type 'c' to select "Cancel". The shortcut does
|
|
|
1778 not need to be the first letter: >
|
|
|
1779 confirm("file has been modified", "&Save\nSave &All")
|
|
|
1780 < For the console, the first letter of each choice is used as
|
|
|
1781 the default shortcut key.
|
|
|
1782 The optional {default} argument is the number of the choice
|
|
|
1783 that is made if the user hits <CR>. Use 1 to make the first
|
|
|
1784 choice the default one. Use 0 to not set a default. If
|
|
|
1785 {default} is omitted, 1 is used.
|
|
|
1786 The optional {type} argument gives the type of dialog. This
|
|
|
1787 is only used for the icon of the Win32 GUI. It can be one of
|
|
|
1788 these values: "Error", "Question", "Info", "Warning" or
|
|
|
1789 "Generic". Only the first character is relevant. When {type}
|
|
|
1790 is omitted, "Generic" is used.
|
|
|
1791 If the user aborts the dialog by pressing <Esc>, CTRL-C,
|
|
|
1792 or another valid interrupt key, confirm() returns 0.
|
|
|
1793
|
|
|
1794 An example: >
|
|
|
1795 :let choice = confirm("What do you want?", "&Apples\n&Oranges\n&Bananas", 2)
|
|
|
1796 :if choice == 0
|
|
|
1797 : echo "make up your mind!"
|
|
|
1798 :elseif choice == 3
|
|
|
1799 : echo "tasteful"
|
|
|
1800 :else
|
|
|
1801 : echo "I prefer bananas myself."
|
|
|
1802 :endif
|
|
|
1803 < In a GUI dialog, buttons are used. The layout of the buttons
|
|
|
1804 depends on the 'v' flag in 'guioptions'. If it is included,
|
|
|
1805 the buttons are always put vertically. Otherwise, confirm()
|
|
|
1806 tries to put the buttons in one horizontal line. If they
|
|
|
1807 don't fit, a vertical layout is used anyway. For some systems
|
|
|
1808 the horizontal layout is always used.
|
|
|
1809
|
|
55
|
1810 *copy()*
|
|
|
1811 copy({expr}) Make a copy of {expr}. For Numbers and Strings this isn't
|
|
|
1812 different from using {expr} directly.
|
|
|
1813 When {expr} is a List a shallow copy is created. This means
|
|
|
1814 that the original List can be changed without changing the
|
|
|
1815 copy, and vise versa. But the items are identical, thus
|
|
|
1816 changing an item changes the contents of both Lists. Also see
|
|
|
1817 |deepcopy()|.
|
|
|
1818
|
|
102
|
1819 count({comp}, {expr} [, {ic} [, {start}]]) *count()*
|
|
79
|
1820 Return the number of times an item with value {expr} appears
|
|
102
|
1821 in List or Dictionary {comp}.
|
|
|
1822 If {start} is given then start with the item with this index.
|
|
|
1823 {start} can only be used with a List.
|
|
79
|
1824 When {ic} is given and it's non-zero then case is ignored.
|
|
|
1825
|
|
|
1826
|
|
7
|
1827 *cscope_connection()*
|
|
|
1828 cscope_connection([{num} , {dbpath} [, {prepend}]])
|
|
|
1829 Checks for the existence of a |cscope| connection. If no
|
|
|
1830 parameters are specified, then the function returns:
|
|
|
1831 0, if cscope was not available (not compiled in), or
|
|
|
1832 if there are no cscope connections;
|
|
|
1833 1, if there is at least one cscope connection.
|
|
|
1834
|
|
|
1835 If parameters are specified, then the value of {num}
|
|
|
1836 determines how existence of a cscope connection is checked:
|
|
|
1837
|
|
|
1838 {num} Description of existence check
|
|
|
1839 ----- ------------------------------
|
|
|
1840 0 Same as no parameters (e.g., "cscope_connection()").
|
|
|
1841 1 Ignore {prepend}, and use partial string matches for
|
|
|
1842 {dbpath}.
|
|
|
1843 2 Ignore {prepend}, and use exact string matches for
|
|
|
1844 {dbpath}.
|
|
|
1845 3 Use {prepend}, use partial string matches for both
|
|
|
1846 {dbpath} and {prepend}.
|
|
|
1847 4 Use {prepend}, use exact string matches for both
|
|
|
1848 {dbpath} and {prepend}.
|
|
|
1849
|
|
|
1850 Note: All string comparisons are case sensitive!
|
|
|
1851
|
|
|
1852 Examples. Suppose we had the following (from ":cs show"): >
|
|
|
1853
|
|
|
1854 # pid database name prepend path
|
|
|
1855 0 27664 cscope.out /usr/local
|
|
|
1856 <
|
|
|
1857 Invocation Return Val ~
|
|
|
1858 ---------- ---------- >
|
|
|
1859 cscope_connection() 1
|
|
|
1860 cscope_connection(1, "out") 1
|
|
|
1861 cscope_connection(2, "out") 0
|
|
|
1862 cscope_connection(3, "out") 0
|
|
|
1863 cscope_connection(3, "out", "local") 1
|
|
|
1864 cscope_connection(4, "out") 0
|
|
|
1865 cscope_connection(4, "out", "local") 0
|
|
|
1866 cscope_connection(4, "cscope.out", "/usr/local") 1
|
|
|
1867 <
|
|
|
1868 cursor({lnum}, {col}) *cursor()*
|
|
|
1869 Positions the cursor at the column {col} in the line {lnum}.
|
|
|
1870 Does not change the jumplist.
|
|
|
1871 If {lnum} is greater than the number of lines in the buffer,
|
|
|
1872 the cursor will be positioned at the last line in the buffer.
|
|
|
1873 If {lnum} is zero, the cursor will stay in the current line.
|
|
|
1874 If {col} is greater than the number of characters in the line,
|
|
|
1875 the cursor will be positioned at the last character in the
|
|
|
1876 line.
|
|
|
1877 If {col} is zero, the cursor will stay in the current column.
|
|
|
1878
|
|
55
|
1879
|
|
85
|
1880 deepcopy({expr}) *deepcopy()* *E698*
|
|
55
|
1881 Make a copy of {expr}. For Numbers and Strings this isn't
|
|
|
1882 different from using {expr} directly.
|
|
|
1883 When {expr} is a List a full copy is created. This means
|
|
|
1884 that the original List can be changed without changing the
|
|
|
1885 copy, and vise versa. When an item is a List, a copy for it
|
|
|
1886 is made, recursively. Thus changing an item in the copy does
|
|
|
1887 not change the contents of the original List.
|
|
114
|
1888 *E724*
|
|
|
1889 Nesting is possible up to 100 levels. When there is an item
|
|
|
1890 that refers back to a higher level making a deep copy will
|
|
|
1891 fail.
|
|
55
|
1892 Also see |copy()|.
|
|
|
1893
|
|
|
1894 delete({fname}) *delete()*
|
|
|
1895 Deletes the file by the name {fname}. The result is a Number,
|
|
7
|
1896 which is 0 if the file was deleted successfully, and non-zero
|
|
|
1897 when the deletion failed.
|
|
55
|
1898 Use |remove()| to delete an item from a List.
|
|
7
|
1899
|
|
|
1900 *did_filetype()*
|
|
|
1901 did_filetype() Returns non-zero when autocommands are being executed and the
|
|
|
1902 FileType event has been triggered at least once. Can be used
|
|
|
1903 to avoid triggering the FileType event again in the scripts
|
|
|
1904 that detect the file type. |FileType|
|
|
|
1905 When editing another file, the counter is reset, thus this
|
|
|
1906 really checks if the FileType event has been triggered for the
|
|
|
1907 current buffer. This allows an autocommand that starts
|
|
|
1908 editing another buffer to set 'filetype' and load a syntax
|
|
|
1909 file.
|
|
|
1910
|
|
32
|
1911 diff_filler({lnum}) *diff_filler()*
|
|
|
1912 Returns the number of filler lines above line {lnum}.
|
|
|
1913 These are the lines that were inserted at this point in
|
|
|
1914 another diff'ed window. These filler lines are shown in the
|
|
|
1915 display but don't exist in the buffer.
|
|
|
1916 {lnum} is used like with |getline()|. Thus "." is the current
|
|
|
1917 line, "'m" mark m, etc.
|
|
|
1918 Returns 0 if the current window is not in diff mode.
|
|
|
1919
|
|
|
1920 diff_hlID({lnum}, {col}) *diff_hlID()*
|
|
|
1921 Returns the highlight ID for diff mode at line {lnum} column
|
|
|
1922 {col} (byte index). When the current line does not have a
|
|
|
1923 diff change zero is returned.
|
|
|
1924 {lnum} is used like with |getline()|. Thus "." is the current
|
|
|
1925 line, "'m" mark m, etc.
|
|
|
1926 {col} is 1 for the leftmost column, {lnum} is 1 for the first
|
|
|
1927 line.
|
|
|
1928 The highlight ID can be used with |synIDattr()| to obtain
|
|
|
1929 syntax information about the highlighting.
|
|
|
1930
|
|
85
|
1931 empty({expr}) *empty()*
|
|
|
1932 Return the Number 1 if {expr} is empty, zero otherwise.
|
|
102
|
1933 A List or Dictionary is empty when it does not have any items.
|
|
85
|
1934 A Number is empty when its value is zero.
|
|
|
1935 For a long List this is much faster then comparing the length
|
|
|
1936 with zero.
|
|
|
1937
|
|
7
|
1938 escape({string}, {chars}) *escape()*
|
|
|
1939 Escape the characters in {chars} that occur in {string} with a
|
|
|
1940 backslash. Example: >
|
|
|
1941 :echo escape('c:\program files\vim', ' \')
|
|
|
1942 < results in: >
|
|
|
1943 c:\\program\ files\\vim
|
|
95
|
1944
|
|
|
1945 < *eval()*
|
|
|
1946 eval({string}) Evaluate {string} and return the result. Especially useful to
|
|
|
1947 turn the result of |string()| back into the original value.
|
|
|
1948 This works for Numbers, Strings and composites of them.
|
|
|
1949 Also works for Funcrefs that refer to existing functions.
|
|
|
1950
|
|
7
|
1951 eventhandler() *eventhandler()*
|
|
|
1952 Returns 1 when inside an event handler. That is that Vim got
|
|
|
1953 interrupted while waiting for the user to type a character,
|
|
|
1954 e.g., when dropping a file on Vim. This means interactive
|
|
|
1955 commands cannot be used. Otherwise zero is returned.
|
|
|
1956
|
|
|
1957 executable({expr}) *executable()*
|
|
|
1958 This function checks if an executable with the name {expr}
|
|
|
1959 exists. {expr} must be the name of the program without any
|
|
10
|
1960 arguments.
|
|
|
1961 executable() uses the value of $PATH and/or the normal
|
|
|
1962 searchpath for programs. *PATHEXT*
|
|
|
1963 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows the ".exe", ".bat", etc. can
|
|
|
1964 optionally be included. Then the extensions in $PATHEXT are
|
|
|
1965 tried. Thus if "foo.exe" does not exist, "foo.exe.bat" can be
|
|
|
1966 found. If $PATHEXT is not set then ".exe;.com;.bat;.cmd" is
|
|
|
1967 used. A dot by itself can be used in $PATHEXT to try using
|
|
|
1968 the name without an extension. When 'shell' looks like a
|
|
|
1969 Unix shell, then the name is also tried without adding an
|
|
|
1970 extension.
|
|
|
1971 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows it only checks if the file exists and
|
|
|
1972 is not a directory, not if it's really executable.
|
|
7
|
1973 The result is a Number:
|
|
|
1974 1 exists
|
|
|
1975 0 does not exist
|
|
|
1976 -1 not implemented on this system
|
|
|
1977
|
|
|
1978 *exists()*
|
|
|
1979 exists({expr}) The result is a Number, which is non-zero if {expr} is
|
|
|
1980 defined, zero otherwise. The {expr} argument is a string,
|
|
|
1981 which contains one of these:
|
|
|
1982 &option-name Vim option (only checks if it exists,
|
|
|
1983 not if it really works)
|
|
|
1984 +option-name Vim option that works.
|
|
|
1985 $ENVNAME environment variable (could also be
|
|
|
1986 done by comparing with an empty
|
|
|
1987 string)
|
|
|
1988 *funcname built-in function (see |functions|)
|
|
|
1989 or user defined function (see
|
|
|
1990 |user-functions|).
|
|
|
1991 varname internal variable (see
|
|
|
1992 |internal-variables|). Does not work
|
|
|
1993 for |curly-braces-names|.
|
|
|
1994 :cmdname Ex command: built-in command, user
|
|
|
1995 command or command modifier |:command|.
|
|
|
1996 Returns:
|
|
|
1997 1 for match with start of a command
|
|
|
1998 2 full match with a command
|
|
|
1999 3 matches several user commands
|
|
|
2000 To check for a supported command
|
|
|
2001 always check the return value to be 2.
|
|
|
2002 #event autocommand defined for this event
|
|
|
2003 #event#pattern autocommand defined for this event and
|
|
|
2004 pattern (the pattern is taken
|
|
|
2005 literally and compared to the
|
|
|
2006 autocommand patterns character by
|
|
|
2007 character)
|
|
|
2008 For checking for a supported feature use |has()|.
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010 Examples: >
|
|
|
2011 exists("&shortname")
|
|
|
2012 exists("$HOSTNAME")
|
|
|
2013 exists("*strftime")
|
|
|
2014 exists("*s:MyFunc")
|
|
|
2015 exists("bufcount")
|
|
|
2016 exists(":Make")
|
|
|
2017 exists("#CursorHold");
|
|
|
2018 exists("#BufReadPre#*.gz")
|
|
|
2019 < There must be no space between the symbol (&/$/*/#) and the
|
|
|
2020 name.
|
|
|
2021 Note that the argument must be a string, not the name of the
|
|
|
2022 variable itself! For example: >
|
|
|
2023 exists(bufcount)
|
|
|
2024 < This doesn't check for existence of the "bufcount" variable,
|
|
|
2025 but gets the contents of "bufcount", and checks if that
|
|
|
2026 exists.
|
|
|
2027
|
|
|
2028 expand({expr} [, {flag}]) *expand()*
|
|
|
2029 Expand wildcards and the following special keywords in {expr}.
|
|
|
2030 The result is a String.
|
|
|
2031
|
|
|
2032 When there are several matches, they are separated by <NL>
|
|
|
2033 characters. [Note: in version 5.0 a space was used, which
|
|
|
2034 caused problems when a file name contains a space]
|
|
|
2035
|
|
|
2036 If the expansion fails, the result is an empty string. A name
|
|
|
2037 for a non-existing file is not included.
|
|
|
2038
|
|
|
2039 When {expr} starts with '%', '#' or '<', the expansion is done
|
|
|
2040 like for the |cmdline-special| variables with their associated
|
|
|
2041 modifiers. Here is a short overview:
|
|
|
2042
|
|
|
2043 % current file name
|
|
|
2044 # alternate file name
|
|
|
2045 #n alternate file name n
|
|
|
2046 <cfile> file name under the cursor
|
|
|
2047 <afile> autocmd file name
|
|
|
2048 <abuf> autocmd buffer number (as a String!)
|
|
|
2049 <amatch> autocmd matched name
|
|
|
2050 <sfile> sourced script file name
|
|
|
2051 <cword> word under the cursor
|
|
|
2052 <cWORD> WORD under the cursor
|
|
|
2053 <client> the {clientid} of the last received
|
|
|
2054 message |server2client()|
|
|
|
2055 Modifiers:
|
|
|
2056 :p expand to full path
|
|
|
2057 :h head (last path component removed)
|
|
|
2058 :t tail (last path component only)
|
|
|
2059 :r root (one extension removed)
|
|
|
2060 :e extension only
|
|
|
2061
|
|
|
2062 Example: >
|
|
|
2063 :let &tags = expand("%:p:h") . "/tags"
|
|
|
2064 < Note that when expanding a string that starts with '%', '#' or
|
|
|
2065 '<', any following text is ignored. This does NOT work: >
|
|
|
2066 :let doesntwork = expand("%:h.bak")
|
|
|
2067 < Use this: >
|
|
|
2068 :let doeswork = expand("%:h") . ".bak"
|
|
|
2069 < Also note that expanding "<cfile>" and others only returns the
|
|
|
2070 referenced file name without further expansion. If "<cfile>"
|
|
|
2071 is "~/.cshrc", you need to do another expand() to have the
|
|
|
2072 "~/" expanded into the path of the home directory: >
|
|
|
2073 :echo expand(expand("<cfile>"))
|
|
|
2074 <
|
|
|
2075 There cannot be white space between the variables and the
|
|
|
2076 following modifier. The |fnamemodify()| function can be used
|
|
|
2077 to modify normal file names.
|
|
|
2078
|
|
|
2079 When using '%' or '#', and the current or alternate file name
|
|
|
2080 is not defined, an empty string is used. Using "%:p" in a
|
|
|
2081 buffer with no name, results in the current directory, with a
|
|
|
2082 '/' added.
|
|
|
2083
|
|
|
2084 When {expr} does not start with '%', '#' or '<', it is
|
|
|
2085 expanded like a file name is expanded on the command line.
|
|
|
2086 'suffixes' and 'wildignore' are used, unless the optional
|
|
|
2087 {flag} argument is given and it is non-zero. Names for
|
|
|
2088 non-existing files are included.
|
|
|
2089
|
|
|
2090 Expand() can also be used to expand variables and environment
|
|
|
2091 variables that are only known in a shell. But this can be
|
|
|
2092 slow, because a shell must be started. See |expr-env-expand|.
|
|
|
2093 The expanded variable is still handled like a list of file
|
|
|
2094 names. When an environment variable cannot be expanded, it is
|
|
|
2095 left unchanged. Thus ":echo expand('$FOOBAR')" results in
|
|
|
2096 "$FOOBAR".
|
|
|
2097
|
|
|
2098 See |glob()| for finding existing files. See |system()| for
|
|
|
2099 getting the raw output of an external command.
|
|
|
2100
|
|
102
|
2101 extend({expr1}, {expr2} [, {expr3}]) *extend()*
|
|
|
2102 {expr1} and {expr2} must be both Lists or both Dictionaries.
|
|
|
2103
|
|
|
2104 If they are Lists: Append {expr2} to {expr1}.
|
|
|
2105 If {expr3} is given insert the items of {expr2} before item
|
|
|
2106 {expr3} in {expr1}. When {expr3} is zero insert before the
|
|
|
2107 first item. When {expr3} is equal to len({expr1}) then
|
|
|
2108 {expr2} is appended.
|
|
79
|
2109 Examples: >
|
|
|
2110 :echo sort(extend(mylist, [7, 5]))
|
|
|
2111 :call extend(mylist, [2, 3], 1)
|
|
82
|
2112 < Use |add()| to concatenate one item to a list. To concatenate
|
|
|
2113 two lists into a new list use the + operator: >
|
|
79
|
2114 :let newlist = [1, 2, 3] + [4, 5]
|
|
102
|
2115 <
|
|
|
2116 If they are Dictionaries:
|
|
|
2117 Add all entries from {expr2} to {expr1}.
|
|
|
2118 If a key exists in both {expr1} and {expr2} then {expr3} is
|
|
|
2119 used to decide what to do:
|
|
|
2120 {expr3} = "keep": keep the value of {expr1}
|
|
|
2121 {expr3} = "force": use the value of {expr2}
|
|
|
2122 {expr3} = "error": give an error message
|
|
|
2123 When {expr3} is omitted then "force" is assumed.
|
|
|
2124
|
|
|
2125 {expr1} is changed when {expr2} is not empty. If necessary
|
|
|
2126 make a copy of {expr1} first.
|
|
|
2127 {expr2} remains unchanged.
|
|
|
2128 Returns {expr1}.
|
|
|
2129
|
|
79
|
2130
|
|
7
|
2131 filereadable({file}) *filereadable()*
|
|
|
2132 The result is a Number, which is TRUE when a file with the
|
|
|
2133 name {file} exists, and can be read. If {file} doesn't exist,
|
|
|
2134 or is a directory, the result is FALSE. {file} is any
|
|
|
2135 expression, which is used as a String.
|
|
|
2136 *file_readable()*
|
|
|
2137 Obsolete name: file_readable().
|
|
|
2138
|
|
95
|
2139
|
|
102
|
2140 filter({expr}, {string}) *filter()*
|
|
|
2141 {expr} must be a List or a Dictionary.
|
|
|
2142 For each item in {expr} evaluate {string} and when the result
|
|
|
2143 is zero remove the item from the List or Dictionary.
|
|
|
2144 Inside {string} |v:val| has the value of the current item.
|
|
|
2145 For a Dictionary |v:key| has the key of the current item.
|
|
|
2146 Examples: >
|
|
|
2147 :call filter(mylist, 'v:val !~ "OLD"')
|
|
|
2148 < Removes the items where "OLD" appears. >
|
|
|
2149 :call filter(mydict, 'v:key >= 8')
|
|
|
2150 < Removes the items with a key below 8. >
|
|
|
2151 :call filter(var, 0)
|
|
99
|
2152 < Removes all the items, thus clears the List or Dictionary.
|
|
|
2153
|
|
102
|
2154 Note that {string} is the result of expression and is then
|
|
|
2155 used as an expression again. Often it is good to use a
|
|
|
2156 |literal-string| to avoid having to double backslashes.
|
|
|
2157
|
|
|
2158 The operation is done in-place. If you want a List or
|
|
|
2159 Dictionary to remain unmodified make a copy first: >
|
|
99
|
2160 :let l = filter(copy(mylist), '& =~ "KEEP"')
|
|
102
|
2161
|
|
|
2162 < Returns {expr}, the List or Dictionary that was filtered.
|
|
95
|
2163
|
|
|
2164
|
|
19
|
2165 finddir({name}[, {path}[, {count}]]) *finddir()*
|
|
|
2166 Find directory {name} in {path}.
|
|
|
2167 If {path} is omitted or empty then 'path' is used.
|
|
|
2168 If the optional {count} is given, find {count}'s occurrence of
|
|
|
2169 {name} in {path}.
|
|
|
2170 This is quite similar to the ex-command |:find|.
|
|
|
2171 When the found directory is below the current directory a
|
|
|
2172 relative path is returned. Otherwise a full path is returned.
|
|
|
2173 Example: >
|
|
|
2174 :echo findfile("tags.vim", ".;")
|
|
|
2175 < Searches from the current directory upwards until it finds
|
|
|
2176 the file "tags.vim".
|
|
|
2177 {only available when compiled with the +file_in_path feature}
|
|
|
2178
|
|
|
2179 findfile({name}[, {path}[, {count}]]) *findfile()*
|
|
|
2180 Just like |finddir()|, but find a file instead of a directory.
|
|
|
2181
|
|
7
|
2182 filewritable({file}) *filewritable()*
|
|
|
2183 The result is a Number, which is 1 when a file with the
|
|
|
2184 name {file} exists, and can be written. If {file} doesn't
|
|
|
2185 exist, or is not writable, the result is 0. If (file) is a
|
|
|
2186 directory, and we can write to it, the result is 2.
|
|
|
2187
|
|
|
2188 fnamemodify({fname}, {mods}) *fnamemodify()*
|
|
|
2189 Modify file name {fname} according to {mods}. {mods} is a
|
|
|
2190 string of characters like it is used for file names on the
|
|
|
2191 command line. See |filename-modifiers|.
|
|
|
2192 Example: >
|
|
|
2193 :echo fnamemodify("main.c", ":p:h")
|
|
|
2194 < results in: >
|
|
|
2195 /home/mool/vim/vim/src
|
|
|
2196 < Note: Environment variables and "~" don't work in {fname}, use
|
|
|
2197 |expand()| first then.
|
|
|
2198
|
|
|
2199 foldclosed({lnum}) *foldclosed()*
|
|
|
2200 The result is a Number. If the line {lnum} is in a closed
|
|
|
2201 fold, the result is the number of the first line in that fold.
|
|
|
2202 If the line {lnum} is not in a closed fold, -1 is returned.
|
|
|
2203
|
|
|
2204 foldclosedend({lnum}) *foldclosedend()*
|
|
|
2205 The result is a Number. If the line {lnum} is in a closed
|
|
|
2206 fold, the result is the number of the last line in that fold.
|
|
|
2207 If the line {lnum} is not in a closed fold, -1 is returned.
|
|
|
2208
|
|
|
2209 foldlevel({lnum}) *foldlevel()*
|
|
|
2210 The result is a Number, which is the foldlevel of line {lnum}
|
|
|
2211 in the current buffer. For nested folds the deepest level is
|
|
|
2212 returned. If there is no fold at line {lnum}, zero is
|
|
|
2213 returned. It doesn't matter if the folds are open or closed.
|
|
|
2214 When used while updating folds (from 'foldexpr') -1 is
|
|
|
2215 returned for lines where folds are still to be updated and the
|
|
|
2216 foldlevel is unknown. As a special case the level of the
|
|
|
2217 previous line is usually available.
|
|
|
2218
|
|
|
2219 *foldtext()*
|
|
|
2220 foldtext() Returns a String, to be displayed for a closed fold. This is
|
|
|
2221 the default function used for the 'foldtext' option and should
|
|
|
2222 only be called from evaluating 'foldtext'. It uses the
|
|
|
2223 |v:foldstart|, |v:foldend| and |v:folddashes| variables.
|
|
|
2224 The returned string looks like this: >
|
|
|
2225 +-- 45 lines: abcdef
|
|
|
2226 < The number of dashes depends on the foldlevel. The "45" is
|
|
|
2227 the number of lines in the fold. "abcdef" is the text in the
|
|
|
2228 first non-blank line of the fold. Leading white space, "//"
|
|
|
2229 or "/*" and the text from the 'foldmarker' and 'commentstring'
|
|
|
2230 options is removed.
|
|
|
2231 {not available when compiled without the |+folding| feature}
|
|
|
2232
|
|
29
|
2233 foldtextresult({lnum}) *foldtextresult()*
|
|
|
2234 Returns the text that is displayed for the closed fold at line
|
|
|
2235 {lnum}. Evaluates 'foldtext' in the appropriate context.
|
|
|
2236 When there is no closed fold at {lnum} an empty string is
|
|
|
2237 returned.
|
|
|
2238 {lnum} is used like with |getline()|. Thus "." is the current
|
|
|
2239 line, "'m" mark m, etc.
|
|
|
2240 Useful when exporting folded text, e.g., to HTML.
|
|
|
2241 {not available when compiled without the |+folding| feature}
|
|
|
2242
|
|
7
|
2243 *foreground()*
|
|
|
2244 foreground() Move the Vim window to the foreground. Useful when sent from
|
|
|
2245 a client to a Vim server. |remote_send()|
|
|
|
2246 On Win32 systems this might not work, the OS does not always
|
|
|
2247 allow a window to bring itself to the foreground. Use
|
|
|
2248 |remote_foreground()| instead.
|
|
|
2249 {only in the Win32, Athena, Motif and GTK GUI versions and the
|
|
|
2250 Win32 console version}
|
|
|
2251
|
|
82
|
2252
|
|
85
|
2253 function({name}) *function()* *E700*
|
|
55
|
2254 Return a Funcref variable that refers to function {name}.
|
|
|
2255 {name} can be a user defined function or an internal function.
|
|
|
2256
|
|
82
|
2257
|
|
|
2258 get({list}, {idx} [, {default}]) *get*
|
|
|
2259 Get item {idx} from List {list}. When this item is not
|
|
|
2260 available return {default}. Return zero when {default} is
|
|
|
2261 omitted.
|
|
102
|
2262 get({dict}, {key} [, {default}])
|
|
|
2263 Get item with key {key} from Dictionary {dict}. When this
|
|
|
2264 item is not available return {default}. Return zero when
|
|
|
2265 {default} is omitted.
|
|
|
2266
|
|
82
|
2267
|
|
|
2268 getbufvar({expr}, {varname}) *getbufvar()*
|
|
|
2269 The result is the value of option or local buffer variable
|
|
|
2270 {varname} in buffer {expr}. Note that the name without "b:"
|
|
|
2271 must be used.
|
|
|
2272 This also works for a global or local window option, but it
|
|
|
2273 doesn't work for a global or local window variable.
|
|
|
2274 For the use of {expr}, see |bufname()| above.
|
|
|
2275 When the buffer or variable doesn't exist an empty string is
|
|
|
2276 returned, there is no error message.
|
|
|
2277 Examples: >
|
|
|
2278 :let bufmodified = getbufvar(1, "&mod")
|
|
|
2279 :echo "todo myvar = " . getbufvar("todo", "myvar")
|
|
|
2280 <
|
|
7
|
2281 getchar([expr]) *getchar()*
|
|
|
2282 Get a single character from the user. If it is an 8-bit
|
|
|
2283 character, the result is a number. Otherwise a String is
|
|
|
2284 returned with the encoded character. For a special key it's a
|
|
|
2285 sequence of bytes starting with 0x80 (decimal: 128).
|
|
|
2286 If [expr] is omitted, wait until a character is available.
|
|
|
2287 If [expr] is 0, only get a character when one is available.
|
|
|
2288 If [expr] is 1, only check if a character is available, it is
|
|
|
2289 not consumed. If a normal character is
|
|
|
2290 available, it is returned, otherwise a
|
|
|
2291 non-zero value is returned.
|
|
|
2292 If a normal character available, it is returned as a Number.
|
|
|
2293 Use nr2char() to convert it to a String.
|
|
|
2294 The returned value is zero if no character is available.
|
|
|
2295 The returned value is a string of characters for special keys
|
|
|
2296 and when a modifier (shift, control, alt) was used.
|
|
|
2297 There is no prompt, you will somehow have to make clear to the
|
|
|
2298 user that a character has to be typed.
|
|
|
2299 There is no mapping for the character.
|
|
|
2300 Key codes are replaced, thus when the user presses the <Del>
|
|
|
2301 key you get the code for the <Del> key, not the raw character
|
|
|
2302 sequence. Examples: >
|
|
|
2303 getchar() == "\<Del>"
|
|
|
2304 getchar() == "\<S-Left>"
|
|
|
2305 < This example redefines "f" to ignore case: >
|
|
|
2306 :nmap f :call FindChar()<CR>
|
|
|
2307 :function FindChar()
|
|
|
2308 : let c = nr2char(getchar())
|
|
|
2309 : while col('.') < col('$') - 1
|
|
|
2310 : normal l
|
|
|
2311 : if getline('.')[col('.') - 1] ==? c
|
|
|
2312 : break
|
|
|
2313 : endif
|
|
|
2314 : endwhile
|
|
|
2315 :endfunction
|
|
|
2316
|
|
|
2317 getcharmod() *getcharmod()*
|
|
|
2318 The result is a Number which is the state of the modifiers for
|
|
|
2319 the last obtained character with getchar() or in another way.
|
|
|
2320 These values are added together:
|
|
|
2321 2 shift
|
|
|
2322 4 control
|
|
|
2323 8 alt (meta)
|
|
|
2324 16 mouse double click
|
|
|
2325 32 mouse triple click
|
|
|
2326 64 mouse quadruple click
|
|
|
2327 128 Macintosh only: command
|
|
|
2328 Only the modifiers that have not been included in the
|
|
|
2329 character itself are obtained. Thus Shift-a results in "A"
|
|
|
2330 with no modifier.
|
|
|
2331
|
|
|
2332 getcmdline() *getcmdline()*
|
|
|
2333 Return the current command-line. Only works when the command
|
|
|
2334 line is being edited, thus requires use of |c_CTRL-\_e| or
|
|
|
2335 |c_CTRL-R_=|.
|
|
|
2336 Example: >
|
|
|
2337 :cmap <F7> <C-\>eescape(getcmdline(), ' \')<CR>
|
|
|
2338 < Also see |getcmdpos()| and |setcmdpos()|.
|
|
|
2339
|
|
95
|
2340 getcmdpos() *getcmdpos()*
|
|
7
|
2341 Return the position of the cursor in the command line as a
|
|
|
2342 byte count. The first column is 1.
|
|
|
2343 Only works when editing the command line, thus requires use of
|
|
|
2344 |c_CTRL-\_e| or |c_CTRL-R_=|. Returns 0 otherwise.
|
|
|
2345 Also see |setcmdpos()| and |getcmdline()|.
|
|
|
2346
|
|
|
2347 *getcwd()*
|
|
|
2348 getcwd() The result is a String, which is the name of the current
|
|
|
2349 working directory.
|
|
|
2350
|
|
|
2351 getfsize({fname}) *getfsize()*
|
|
|
2352 The result is a Number, which is the size in bytes of the
|
|
|
2353 given file {fname}.
|
|
|
2354 If {fname} is a directory, 0 is returned.
|
|
|
2355 If the file {fname} can't be found, -1 is returned.
|
|
|
2356
|
|
37
|
2357 getfontname([{name}]) *getfontname()*
|
|
|
2358 Without an argument returns the name of the normal font being
|
|
|
2359 used. Like what is used for the Normal highlight group
|
|
|
2360 |hl-Normal|.
|
|
|
2361 With an argument a check is done whether {name} is a valid
|
|
|
2362 font name. If not then an empty string is returned.
|
|
|
2363 Otherwise the actual font name is returned, or {name} if the
|
|
|
2364 GUI does not support obtaining the real name.
|
|
|
2365 Only works when the GUI is running, thus not you your vimrc or
|
|
|
2366 Note that the GTK 2 GUI accepts any font name, thus checking
|
|
|
2367 for a valid name does not work.
|
|
|
2368 gvimrc file. Use the |GUIEnter| autocommand to use this
|
|
|
2369 function just after the GUI has started.
|
|
|
2370
|
|
20
|
2371 getfperm({fname}) *getfperm()*
|
|
|
2372 The result is a String, which is the read, write, and execute
|
|
|
2373 permissions of the given file {fname}.
|
|
|
2374 If {fname} does not exist or its directory cannot be read, an
|
|
|
2375 empty string is returned.
|
|
|
2376 The result is of the form "rwxrwxrwx", where each group of
|
|
|
2377 "rwx" flags represent, in turn, the permissions of the owner
|
|
|
2378 of the file, the group the file belongs to, and other users.
|
|
|
2379 If a user does not have a given permission the flag for this
|
|
|
2380 is replaced with the string "-". Example: >
|
|
|
2381 :echo getfperm("/etc/passwd")
|
|
|
2382 < This will hopefully (from a security point of view) display
|
|
|
2383 the string "rw-r--r--" or even "rw-------".
|
|
|
2384
|
|
7
|
2385 getftime({fname}) *getftime()*
|
|
|
2386 The result is a Number, which is the last modification time of
|
|
|
2387 the given file {fname}. The value is measured as seconds
|
|
|
2388 since 1st Jan 1970, and may be passed to strftime(). See also
|
|
|
2389 |localtime()| and |strftime()|.
|
|
|
2390 If the file {fname} can't be found -1 is returned.
|
|
|
2391
|
|
20
|
2392 getftype({fname}) *getftype()*
|
|
|
2393 The result is a String, which is a description of the kind of
|
|
|
2394 file of the given file {fname}.
|
|
|
2395 If {fname} does not exist an empty string is returned.
|
|
|
2396 Here is a table over different kinds of files and their
|
|
|
2397 results:
|
|
|
2398 Normal file "file"
|
|
|
2399 Directory "dir"
|
|
|
2400 Symbolic link "link"
|
|
|
2401 Block device "bdev"
|
|
|
2402 Character device "cdev"
|
|
|
2403 Socket "socket"
|
|
|
2404 FIFO "fifo"
|
|
|
2405 All other "other"
|
|
|
2406 Example: >
|
|
|
2407 getftype("/home")
|
|
|
2408 < Note that a type such as "link" will only be returned on
|
|
|
2409 systems that support it. On some systems only "dir" and
|
|
|
2410 "file" are returned.
|
|
|
2411
|
|
7
|
2412 *getline()*
|
|
82
|
2413 getline({lnum} [, {end}])
|
|
|
2414 Without {end} the result is a String, which is line {lnum}
|
|
|
2415 from the current buffer. Example: >
|
|
7
|
2416 getline(1)
|
|
|
2417 < When {lnum} is a String that doesn't start with a
|
|
|
2418 digit, line() is called to translate the String into a Number.
|
|
|
2419 To get the line under the cursor: >
|
|
|
2420 getline(".")
|
|
|
2421 < When {lnum} is smaller than 1 or bigger than the number of
|
|
|
2422 lines in the buffer, an empty string is returned.
|
|
|
2423
|
|
82
|
2424 When {end} is given the result is a List where each item is a
|
|
|
2425 line from the current buffer in the range {lnum} to {end},
|
|
|
2426 including line {end}.
|
|
|
2427 {end} is used in the same way as {lnum}.
|
|
|
2428 Non-existing lines are silently omitted.
|
|
|
2429 When {end} is before {lnum} an error is given.
|
|
|
2430 Example: >
|
|
|
2431 :let start = line('.')
|
|
|
2432 :let end = search("^$") - 1
|
|
|
2433 :let lines = getline(start, end)
|
|
|
2434
|
|
|
2435
|
|
7
|
2436 getreg([{regname}]) *getreg()*
|
|
|
2437 The result is a String, which is the contents of register
|
|
|
2438 {regname}. Example: >
|
|
|
2439 :let cliptext = getreg('*')
|
|
|
2440 < getreg('=') returns the last evaluated value of the expression
|
|
|
2441 register. (For use in maps).
|
|
|
2442 If {regname} is not specified, |v:register| is used.
|
|
|
2443
|
|
82
|
2444
|
|
7
|
2445 getregtype([{regname}]) *getregtype()*
|
|
|
2446 The result is a String, which is type of register {regname}.
|
|
|
2447 The value will be one of:
|
|
|
2448 "v" for |characterwise| text
|
|
|
2449 "V" for |linewise| text
|
|
|
2450 "<CTRL-V>{width}" for |blockwise-visual| text
|
|
|
2451 0 for an empty or unknown register
|
|
|
2452 <CTRL-V> is one character with value 0x16.
|
|
|
2453 If {regname} is not specified, |v:register| is used.
|
|
|
2454
|
|
82
|
2455
|
|
7
|
2456 *getwinposx()*
|
|
|
2457 getwinposx() The result is a Number, which is the X coordinate in pixels of
|
|
|
2458 the left hand side of the GUI Vim window. The result will be
|
|
|
2459 -1 if the information is not available.
|
|
|
2460
|
|
|
2461 *getwinposy()*
|
|
|
2462 getwinposy() The result is a Number, which is the Y coordinate in pixels of
|
|
|
2463 the top of the GUI Vim window. The result will be -1 if the
|
|
|
2464 information is not available.
|
|
|
2465
|
|
|
2466 getwinvar({nr}, {varname}) *getwinvar()*
|
|
|
2467 The result is the value of option or local window variable
|
|
|
2468 {varname} in window {nr}.
|
|
|
2469 This also works for a global or local buffer option, but it
|
|
|
2470 doesn't work for a global or local buffer variable.
|
|
|
2471 Note that the name without "w:" must be used.
|
|
|
2472 Examples: >
|
|
|
2473 :let list_is_on = getwinvar(2, '&list')
|
|
|
2474 :echo "myvar = " . getwinvar(1, 'myvar')
|
|
|
2475 <
|
|
|
2476 *glob()*
|
|
|
2477 glob({expr}) Expand the file wildcards in {expr}. The result is a String.
|
|
|
2478 When there are several matches, they are separated by <NL>
|
|
|
2479 characters.
|
|
|
2480 If the expansion fails, the result is an empty string.
|
|
|
2481 A name for a non-existing file is not included.
|
|
|
2482
|
|
|
2483 For most systems backticks can be used to get files names from
|
|
|
2484 any external command. Example: >
|
|
|
2485 :let tagfiles = glob("`find . -name tags -print`")
|
|
|
2486 :let &tags = substitute(tagfiles, "\n", ",", "g")
|
|
|
2487 < The result of the program inside the backticks should be one
|
|
|
2488 item per line. Spaces inside an item are allowed.
|
|
|
2489
|
|
|
2490 See |expand()| for expanding special Vim variables. See
|
|
|
2491 |system()| for getting the raw output of an external command.
|
|
|
2492
|
|
|
2493 globpath({path}, {expr}) *globpath()*
|
|
|
2494 Perform glob() on all directories in {path} and concatenate
|
|
|
2495 the results. Example: >
|
|
|
2496 :echo globpath(&rtp, "syntax/c.vim")
|
|
|
2497 < {path} is a comma-separated list of directory names. Each
|
|
|
2498 directory name is prepended to {expr} and expanded like with
|
|
|
2499 glob(). A path separator is inserted when needed.
|
|
|
2500 To add a comma inside a directory name escape it with a
|
|
|
2501 backslash. Note that on MS-Windows a directory may have a
|
|
|
2502 trailing backslash, remove it if you put a comma after it.
|
|
|
2503 If the expansion fails for one of the directories, there is no
|
|
|
2504 error message.
|
|
|
2505 The 'wildignore' option applies: Names matching one of the
|
|
|
2506 patterns in 'wildignore' will be skipped.
|
|
|
2507
|
|
|
2508 *has()*
|
|
|
2509 has({feature}) The result is a Number, which is 1 if the feature {feature} is
|
|
|
2510 supported, zero otherwise. The {feature} argument is a
|
|
|
2511 string. See |feature-list| below.
|
|
|
2512 Also see |exists()|.
|
|
|
2513
|
|
102
|
2514
|
|
|
2515 has_key({dict}, {key}) *has_key()*
|
|
|
2516 The result is a Number, which is 1 if Dictionary {dict} has an
|
|
|
2517 entry with key {key}. Zero otherwise.
|
|
|
2518
|
|
|
2519
|
|
7
|
2520 hasmapto({what} [, {mode}]) *hasmapto()*
|
|
|
2521 The result is a Number, which is 1 if there is a mapping that
|
|
|
2522 contains {what} in somewhere in the rhs (what it is mapped to)
|
|
|
2523 and this mapping exists in one of the modes indicated by
|
|
|
2524 {mode}.
|
|
|
2525 Both the global mappings and the mappings local to the current
|
|
|
2526 buffer are checked for a match.
|
|
|
2527 If no matching mapping is found 0 is returned.
|
|
|
2528 The following characters are recognized in {mode}:
|
|
|
2529 n Normal mode
|
|
|
2530 v Visual mode
|
|
|
2531 o Operator-pending mode
|
|
|
2532 i Insert mode
|
|
|
2533 l Language-Argument ("r", "f", "t", etc.)
|
|
|
2534 c Command-line mode
|
|
|
2535 When {mode} is omitted, "nvo" is used.
|
|
|
2536
|
|
|
2537 This function is useful to check if a mapping already exists
|
|
|
2538 to a function in a Vim script. Example: >
|
|
|
2539 :if !hasmapto('\ABCdoit')
|
|
|
2540 : map <Leader>d \ABCdoit
|
|
|
2541 :endif
|
|
|
2542 < This installs the mapping to "\ABCdoit" only if there isn't
|
|
|
2543 already a mapping to "\ABCdoit".
|
|
|
2544
|
|
|
2545 histadd({history}, {item}) *histadd()*
|
|
|
2546 Add the String {item} to the history {history} which can be
|
|
|
2547 one of: *hist-names*
|
|
|
2548 "cmd" or ":" command line history
|
|
|
2549 "search" or "/" search pattern history
|
|
|
2550 "expr" or "=" typed expression history
|
|
|
2551 "input" or "@" input line history
|
|
|
2552 If {item} does already exist in the history, it will be
|
|
|
2553 shifted to become the newest entry.
|
|
|
2554 The result is a Number: 1 if the operation was successful,
|
|
|
2555 otherwise 0 is returned.
|
|
|
2556
|
|
|
2557 Example: >
|
|
|
2558 :call histadd("input", strftime("%Y %b %d"))
|
|
|
2559 :let date=input("Enter date: ")
|
|
|
2560 < This function is not available in the |sandbox|.
|
|
|
2561
|
|
|
2562 histdel({history} [, {item}]) *histdel()*
|
|
|
2563 Clear {history}, ie. delete all its entries. See |hist-names|
|
|
|
2564 for the possible values of {history}.
|
|
|
2565
|
|
|
2566 If the parameter {item} is given as String, this is seen
|
|
|
2567 as regular expression. All entries matching that expression
|
|
|
2568 will be removed from the history (if there are any).
|
|
|
2569 Upper/lowercase must match, unless "\c" is used |/\c|.
|
|
|
2570 If {item} is a Number, it will be interpreted as index, see
|
|
|
2571 |:history-indexing|. The respective entry will be removed
|
|
|
2572 if it exists.
|
|
|
2573
|
|
|
2574 The result is a Number: 1 for a successful operation,
|
|
|
2575 otherwise 0 is returned.
|
|
|
2576
|
|
|
2577 Examples:
|
|
|
2578 Clear expression register history: >
|
|
|
2579 :call histdel("expr")
|
|
|
2580 <
|
|
|
2581 Remove all entries starting with "*" from the search history: >
|
|
|
2582 :call histdel("/", '^\*')
|
|
|
2583 <
|
|
|
2584 The following three are equivalent: >
|
|
|
2585 :call histdel("search", histnr("search"))
|
|
|
2586 :call histdel("search", -1)
|
|
|
2587 :call histdel("search", '^'.histget("search", -1).'$')
|
|
|
2588 <
|
|
|
2589 To delete the last search pattern and use the last-but-one for
|
|
|
2590 the "n" command and 'hlsearch': >
|
|
|
2591 :call histdel("search", -1)
|
|
|
2592 :let @/ = histget("search", -1)
|
|
|
2593
|
|
|
2594 histget({history} [, {index}]) *histget()*
|
|
|
2595 The result is a String, the entry with Number {index} from
|
|
|
2596 {history}. See |hist-names| for the possible values of
|
|
|
2597 {history}, and |:history-indexing| for {index}. If there is
|
|
|
2598 no such entry, an empty String is returned. When {index} is
|
|
|
2599 omitted, the most recent item from the history is used.
|
|
|
2600
|
|
|
2601 Examples:
|
|
|
2602 Redo the second last search from history. >
|
|
|
2603 :execute '/' . histget("search", -2)
|
|
|
2604
|
|
|
2605 < Define an Ex command ":H {num}" that supports re-execution of
|
|
|
2606 the {num}th entry from the output of |:history|. >
|
|
|
2607 :command -nargs=1 H execute histget("cmd", 0+<args>)
|
|
|
2608 <
|
|
|
2609 histnr({history}) *histnr()*
|
|
|
2610 The result is the Number of the current entry in {history}.
|
|
|
2611 See |hist-names| for the possible values of {history}.
|
|
|
2612 If an error occurred, -1 is returned.
|
|
|
2613
|
|
|
2614 Example: >
|
|
|
2615 :let inp_index = histnr("expr")
|
|
|
2616 <
|
|
|
2617 hlexists({name}) *hlexists()*
|
|
|
2618 The result is a Number, which is non-zero if a highlight group
|
|
|
2619 called {name} exists. This is when the group has been
|
|
|
2620 defined in some way. Not necessarily when highlighting has
|
|
|
2621 been defined for it, it may also have been used for a syntax
|
|
|
2622 item.
|
|
|
2623 *highlight_exists()*
|
|
|
2624 Obsolete name: highlight_exists().
|
|
|
2625
|
|
|
2626 *hlID()*
|
|
|
2627 hlID({name}) The result is a Number, which is the ID of the highlight group
|
|
|
2628 with name {name}. When the highlight group doesn't exist,
|
|
|
2629 zero is returned.
|
|
|
2630 This can be used to retrieve information about the highlight
|
|
|
2631 group. For example, to get the background color of the
|
|
|
2632 "Comment" group: >
|
|
|
2633 :echo synIDattr(synIDtrans(hlID("Comment")), "bg")
|
|
|
2634 < *highlightID()*
|
|
|
2635 Obsolete name: highlightID().
|
|
|
2636
|
|
|
2637 hostname() *hostname()*
|
|
|
2638 The result is a String, which is the name of the machine on
|
|
|
2639 which Vim is currently running. Machine names greater than
|
|
|
2640 256 characters long are truncated.
|
|
|
2641
|
|
|
2642 iconv({expr}, {from}, {to}) *iconv()*
|
|
|
2643 The result is a String, which is the text {expr} converted
|
|
|
2644 from encoding {from} to encoding {to}.
|
|
|
2645 When the conversion fails an empty string is returned.
|
|
|
2646 The encoding names are whatever the iconv() library function
|
|
|
2647 can accept, see ":!man 3 iconv".
|
|
|
2648 Most conversions require Vim to be compiled with the |+iconv|
|
|
|
2649 feature. Otherwise only UTF-8 to latin1 conversion and back
|
|
|
2650 can be done.
|
|
|
2651 This can be used to display messages with special characters,
|
|
|
2652 no matter what 'encoding' is set to. Write the message in
|
|
|
2653 UTF-8 and use: >
|
|
|
2654 echo iconv(utf8_str, "utf-8", &enc)
|
|
|
2655 < Note that Vim uses UTF-8 for all Unicode encodings, conversion
|
|
|
2656 from/to UCS-2 is automatically changed to use UTF-8. You
|
|
|
2657 cannot use UCS-2 in a string anyway, because of the NUL bytes.
|
|
|
2658 {only available when compiled with the +multi_byte feature}
|
|
|
2659
|
|
|
2660 *indent()*
|
|
|
2661 indent({lnum}) The result is a Number, which is indent of line {lnum} in the
|
|
|
2662 current buffer. The indent is counted in spaces, the value
|
|
|
2663 of 'tabstop' is relevant. {lnum} is used just like in
|
|
|
2664 |getline()|.
|
|
|
2665 When {lnum} is invalid -1 is returned.
|
|
|
2666
|
|
79
|
2667
|
|
95
|
2668 index({list}, {expr} [, {start} [, {ic}]]) *index()*
|
|
79
|
2669 Return the lowest index in List {list} where the item has a
|
|
|
2670 value equal to {expr}.
|
|
95
|
2671 If {start} is given then skip items with a lower index.
|
|
79
|
2672 When {ic} is given and it is non-zero, ignore case. Otherwise
|
|
|
2673 case must match.
|
|
|
2674 -1 is returned when {expr} is not found in {list}.
|
|
|
2675 Example: >
|
|
|
2676 :let idx = index(words, "the")
|
|
87
|
2677 :if index(numbers, 123) >= 0
|
|
79
|
2678
|
|
|
2679
|
|
7
|
2680 input({prompt} [, {text}]) *input()*
|
|
|
2681 The result is a String, which is whatever the user typed on
|
|
|
2682 the command-line. The parameter is either a prompt string, or
|
|
|
2683 a blank string (for no prompt). A '\n' can be used in the
|
|
|
2684 prompt to start a new line. The highlighting set with
|
|
|
2685 |:echohl| is used for the prompt. The input is entered just
|
|
|
2686 like a command-line, with the same editing commands and
|
|
|
2687 mappings. There is a separate history for lines typed for
|
|
|
2688 input().
|
|
|
2689 If the optional {text} is present, this is used for the
|
|
|
2690 default reply, as if the user typed this.
|
|
|
2691 NOTE: This must not be used in a startup file, for the
|
|
|
2692 versions that only run in GUI mode (e.g., the Win32 GUI).
|
|
|
2693 Note: When input() is called from within a mapping it will
|
|
|
2694 consume remaining characters from that mapping, because a
|
|
|
2695 mapping is handled like the characters were typed.
|
|
|
2696 Use |inputsave()| before input() and |inputrestore()|
|
|
|
2697 after input() to avoid that. Another solution is to avoid
|
|
|
2698 that further characters follow in the mapping, e.g., by using
|
|
|
2699 |:execute| or |:normal|.
|
|
|
2700
|
|
|
2701 Example: >
|
|
|
2702 :if input("Coffee or beer? ") == "beer"
|
|
|
2703 : echo "Cheers!"
|
|
|
2704 :endif
|
|
|
2705 < Example with default text: >
|
|
|
2706 :let color = input("Color? ", "white")
|
|
|
2707 < Example with a mapping: >
|
|
|
2708 :nmap \x :call GetFoo()<CR>:exe "/" . Foo<CR>
|
|
|
2709 :function GetFoo()
|
|
|
2710 : call inputsave()
|
|
|
2711 : let g:Foo = input("enter search pattern: ")
|
|
|
2712 : call inputrestore()
|
|
|
2713 :endfunction
|
|
|
2714
|
|
|
2715 inputdialog({prompt} [, {text} [, {cancelreturn}]]) *inputdialog()*
|
|
|
2716 Like input(), but when the GUI is running and text dialogs are
|
|
|
2717 supported, a dialog window pops up to input the text.
|
|
|
2718 Example: >
|
|
|
2719 :let n = inputdialog("value for shiftwidth", &sw)
|
|
|
2720 :if n != ""
|
|
|
2721 : let &sw = n
|
|
|
2722 :endif
|
|
|
2723 < When the dialog is cancelled {cancelreturn} is returned. When
|
|
|
2724 omitted an empty string is returned.
|
|
|
2725 Hitting <Enter> works like pressing the OK button. Hitting
|
|
|
2726 <Esc> works like pressing the Cancel button.
|
|
|
2727
|
|
|
2728 inputrestore() *inputrestore()*
|
|
|
2729 Restore typeahead that was saved with a previous inputsave().
|
|
|
2730 Should be called the same number of times inputsave() is
|
|
|
2731 called. Calling it more often is harmless though.
|
|
|
2732 Returns 1 when there is nothing to restore, 0 otherwise.
|
|
|
2733
|
|
|
2734 inputsave() *inputsave()*
|
|
|
2735 Preserve typeahead (also from mappings) and clear it, so that
|
|
|
2736 a following prompt gets input from the user. Should be
|
|
|
2737 followed by a matching inputrestore() after the prompt. Can
|
|
|
2738 be used several times, in which case there must be just as
|
|
|
2739 many inputrestore() calls.
|
|
|
2740 Returns 1 when out of memory, 0 otherwise.
|
|
|
2741
|
|
|
2742 inputsecret({prompt} [, {text}]) *inputsecret()*
|
|
|
2743 This function acts much like the |input()| function with but
|
|
|
2744 two exceptions:
|
|
|
2745 a) the user's response will be displayed as a sequence of
|
|
|
2746 asterisks ("*") thereby keeping the entry secret, and
|
|
|
2747 b) the user's response will not be recorded on the input
|
|
|
2748 |history| stack.
|
|
|
2749 The result is a String, which is whatever the user actually
|
|
|
2750 typed on the command-line in response to the issued prompt.
|
|
|
2751
|
|
55
|
2752 insert({list}, {item} [, {idx}]) *insert()*
|
|
|
2753 Insert {item} at the start of List {list}.
|
|
|
2754 If {idx} is specified insert {item} before the item with index
|
|
|
2755 {idx}. If {idx} is zero it goes before the first item, just
|
|
|
2756 like omitting {idx}. A negative {idx} is also possible, see
|
|
|
2757 |list-index|. -1 inserts just before the last item.
|
|
|
2758 Returns the resulting List. Examples: >
|
|
|
2759 :let mylist = insert([2, 3, 5], 1)
|
|
|
2760 :call insert(mylist, 4, -1)
|
|
|
2761 :call insert(mylist, 6, len(mylist))
|
|
82
|
2762 < The last example can be done simpler with |add()|.
|
|
55
|
2763 Note that when {item} is a List it is inserted as a single
|
|
|
2764 item. Use |extend()| to concatenate Lists.
|
|
|
2765
|
|
7
|
2766 isdirectory({directory}) *isdirectory()*
|
|
|
2767 The result is a Number, which is non-zero when a directory
|
|
|
2768 with the name {directory} exists. If {directory} doesn't
|
|
|
2769 exist, or isn't a directory, the result is FALSE. {directory}
|
|
|
2770 is any expression, which is used as a String.
|
|
|
2771
|
|
95
|
2772
|
|
|
2773 join({list} [, {sep}]) *join()*
|
|
|
2774 Join the items in {list} together into one String.
|
|
|
2775 When {sep} is specified it is put in between the items. If
|
|
|
2776 {sep} is omitted a single space is used.
|
|
|
2777 Note that {sep} is not added at the end. You might want to
|
|
|
2778 add it there too: >
|
|
|
2779 let lines = join(mylist, "\n") . "\n"
|
|
|
2780 < String items are used as-is. Lists and Dictionaries are
|
|
|
2781 converted into a string like with |string()|.
|
|
|
2782 The opposite function is |split()|.
|
|
|
2783
|
|
99
|
2784 keys({dict}) *keys()*
|
|
|
2785 Return a List with all the keys of {dict}. The List is in
|
|
|
2786 arbitrary order.
|
|
|
2787
|
|
85
|
2788 *len()* *E701*
|
|
55
|
2789 len({expr}) The result is a Number, which is the length of the argument.
|
|
|
2790 When {expr} is a String or a Number the length in bytes is
|
|
|
2791 used, as with |strlen()|.
|
|
|
2792 When {expr} is a List the number of items in the List is
|
|
|
2793 returned.
|
|
102
|
2794 When {expr} is a Dictionary the number of entries in the
|
|
|
2795 Dictionary is returned.
|
|
55
|
2796 Otherwise an error is given.
|
|
|
2797
|
|
7
|
2798 *libcall()* *E364* *E368*
|
|
|
2799 libcall({libname}, {funcname}, {argument})
|
|
|
2800 Call function {funcname} in the run-time library {libname}
|
|
|
2801 with single argument {argument}.
|
|
|
2802 This is useful to call functions in a library that you
|
|
|
2803 especially made to be used with Vim. Since only one argument
|
|
|
2804 is possible, calling standard library functions is rather
|
|
|
2805 limited.
|
|
|
2806 The result is the String returned by the function. If the
|
|
|
2807 function returns NULL, this will appear as an empty string ""
|
|
|
2808 to Vim.
|
|
|
2809 If the function returns a number, use libcallnr()!
|
|
|
2810 If {argument} is a number, it is passed to the function as an
|
|
|
2811 int; if {argument} is a string, it is passed as a
|
|
|
2812 null-terminated string.
|
|
|
2813 This function will fail in |restricted-mode|.
|
|
|
2814
|
|
|
2815 libcall() allows you to write your own 'plug-in' extensions to
|
|
|
2816 Vim without having to recompile the program. It is NOT a
|
|
|
2817 means to call system functions! If you try to do so Vim will
|
|
|
2818 very probably crash.
|
|
|
2819
|
|
|
2820 For Win32, the functions you write must be placed in a DLL
|
|
|
2821 and use the normal C calling convention (NOT Pascal which is
|
|
|
2822 used in Windows System DLLs). The function must take exactly
|
|
|
2823 one parameter, either a character pointer or a long integer,
|
|
|
2824 and must return a character pointer or NULL. The character
|
|
|
2825 pointer returned must point to memory that will remain valid
|
|
|
2826 after the function has returned (e.g. in static data in the
|
|
|
2827 DLL). If it points to allocated memory, that memory will
|
|
|
2828 leak away. Using a static buffer in the function should work,
|
|
|
2829 it's then freed when the DLL is unloaded.
|
|
|
2830
|
|
|
2831 WARNING: If the function returns a non-valid pointer, Vim may
|
|
|
2832 crash! This also happens if the function returns a number,
|
|
|
2833 because Vim thinks it's a pointer.
|
|
|
2834 For Win32 systems, {libname} should be the filename of the DLL
|
|
|
2835 without the ".DLL" suffix. A full path is only required if
|
|
|
2836 the DLL is not in the usual places.
|
|
|
2837 For Unix: When compiling your own plugins, remember that the
|
|
|
2838 object code must be compiled as position-independent ('PIC').
|
|
|
2839 {only in Win32 on some Unix versions, when the |+libcall|
|
|
|
2840 feature is present}
|
|
|
2841 Examples: >
|
|
|
2842 :echo libcall("libc.so", "getenv", "HOME")
|
|
|
2843 :echo libcallnr("/usr/lib/libc.so", "getpid", "")
|
|
|
2844 <
|
|
|
2845 *libcallnr()*
|
|
|
2846 libcallnr({libname}, {funcname}, {argument})
|
|
|
2847 Just like libcall(), but used for a function that returns an
|
|
|
2848 int instead of a string.
|
|
|
2849 {only in Win32 on some Unix versions, when the |+libcall|
|
|
|
2850 feature is present}
|
|
|
2851 Example (not very useful...): >
|
|
|
2852 :call libcallnr("libc.so", "printf", "Hello World!\n")
|
|
|
2853 :call libcallnr("libc.so", "sleep", 10)
|
|
|
2854 <
|
|
|
2855 *line()*
|
|
|
2856 line({expr}) The result is a Number, which is the line number of the file
|
|
|
2857 position given with {expr}. The accepted positions are:
|
|
|
2858 . the cursor position
|
|
|
2859 $ the last line in the current buffer
|
|
|
2860 'x position of mark x (if the mark is not set, 0 is
|
|
|
2861 returned)
|
|
|
2862 Note that only marks in the current file can be used.
|
|
|
2863 Examples: >
|
|
|
2864 line(".") line number of the cursor
|
|
|
2865 line("'t") line number of mark t
|
|
|
2866 line("'" . marker) line number of mark marker
|
|
|
2867 < *last-position-jump*
|
|
|
2868 This autocommand jumps to the last known position in a file
|
|
|
2869 just after opening it, if the '" mark is set: >
|
|
|
2870 :au BufReadPost * if line("'\"") > 0 && line("'\"") <= line("$") | exe "normal g'\"" | endif
|
|
9
|
2871
|
|
7
|
2872 line2byte({lnum}) *line2byte()*
|
|
|
2873 Return the byte count from the start of the buffer for line
|
|
|
2874 {lnum}. This includes the end-of-line character, depending on
|
|
|
2875 the 'fileformat' option for the current buffer. The first
|
|
|
2876 line returns 1.
|
|
|
2877 This can also be used to get the byte count for the line just
|
|
|
2878 below the last line: >
|
|
|
2879 line2byte(line("$") + 1)
|
|
|
2880 < This is the file size plus one.
|
|
|
2881 When {lnum} is invalid, or the |+byte_offset| feature has been
|
|
|
2882 disabled at compile time, -1 is returned.
|
|
|
2883 Also see |byte2line()|, |go| and |:goto|.
|
|
|
2884
|
|
|
2885 lispindent({lnum}) *lispindent()*
|
|
|
2886 Get the amount of indent for line {lnum} according the lisp
|
|
|
2887 indenting rules, as with 'lisp'.
|
|
|
2888 The indent is counted in spaces, the value of 'tabstop' is
|
|
|
2889 relevant. {lnum} is used just like in |getline()|.
|
|
|
2890 When {lnum} is invalid or Vim was not compiled the
|
|
|
2891 |+lispindent| feature, -1 is returned.
|
|
|
2892
|
|
|
2893 localtime() *localtime()*
|
|
|
2894 Return the current time, measured as seconds since 1st Jan
|
|
|
2895 1970. See also |strftime()| and |getftime()|.
|
|
|
2896
|
|
95
|
2897
|
|
102
|
2898 map({expr}, {string}) *map()*
|
|
|
2899 {expr} must be a List or a Dictionary.
|
|
|
2900 Replace each item in {expr} with the result of evaluating
|
|
|
2901 {string}.
|
|
|
2902 Inside {string} |v:val| has the value of the current item.
|
|
|
2903 For a Dictionary |v:key| has the key of the current item.
|
|
|
2904 Example: >
|
|
|
2905 :call map(mylist, '"> " . v:val . " <"')
|
|
95
|
2906 < This puts "> " before and " <" after each item in "mylist".
|
|
102
|
2907
|
|
|
2908 Note that {string} is the result of expression and is then
|
|
|
2909 used as an expression again. Often it is good to use a
|
|
|
2910 |literal-string| to avoid having to double backslashes.
|
|
|
2911
|
|
|
2912 The operation is done in-place. If you want a List or
|
|
|
2913 Dictionary to remain unmodified make a copy first: >
|
|
99
|
2914 :let tlist = map(copy(mylist), ' & . "\t"')
|
|
102
|
2915
|
|
|
2916 < Returns {expr}, the List or Dictionary that was filtered.
|
|
95
|
2917
|
|
|
2918
|
|
7
|
2919 maparg({name}[, {mode}]) *maparg()*
|
|
|
2920 Return the rhs of mapping {name} in mode {mode}. When there
|
|
|
2921 is no mapping for {name}, an empty String is returned.
|
|
|
2922 These characters can be used for {mode}:
|
|
|
2923 "n" Normal
|
|
|
2924 "v" Visual
|
|
|
2925 "o" Operator-pending
|
|
|
2926 "i" Insert
|
|
|
2927 "c" Cmd-line
|
|
|
2928 "l" langmap |language-mapping|
|
|
|
2929 "" Normal, Visual and Operator-pending
|
|
|
2930 When {mode} is omitted, the modes from "" are used.
|
|
|
2931 The {name} can have special key names, like in the ":map"
|
|
|
2932 command. The returned String has special characters
|
|
|
2933 translated like in the output of the ":map" command listing.
|
|
|
2934 The mappings local to the current buffer are checked first,
|
|
|
2935 then the global mappings.
|
|
|
2936
|
|
|
2937 mapcheck({name}[, {mode}]) *mapcheck()*
|
|
|
2938 Check if there is a mapping that matches with {name} in mode
|
|
|
2939 {mode}. See |maparg()| for {mode} and special names in
|
|
|
2940 {name}.
|
|
|
2941 A match happens with a mapping that starts with {name} and
|
|
|
2942 with a mapping which is equal to the start of {name}.
|
|
|
2943
|
|
|
2944 matches mapping "a" "ab" "abc" ~
|
|
|
2945 mapcheck("a") yes yes yes
|
|
|
2946 mapcheck("abc") yes yes yes
|
|
|
2947 mapcheck("ax") yes no no
|
|
|
2948 mapcheck("b") no no no
|
|
|
2949
|
|
|
2950 The difference with maparg() is that mapcheck() finds a
|
|
|
2951 mapping that matches with {name}, while maparg() only finds a
|
|
|
2952 mapping for {name} exactly.
|
|
|
2953 When there is no mapping that starts with {name}, an empty
|
|
|
2954 String is returned. If there is one, the rhs of that mapping
|
|
|
2955 is returned. If there are several mappings that start with
|
|
|
2956 {name}, the rhs of one of them is returned.
|
|
|
2957 The mappings local to the current buffer are checked first,
|
|
|
2958 then the global mappings.
|
|
|
2959 This function can be used to check if a mapping can be added
|
|
|
2960 without being ambiguous. Example: >
|
|
|
2961 :if mapcheck("_vv") == ""
|
|
|
2962 : map _vv :set guifont=7x13<CR>
|
|
|
2963 :endif
|
|
|
2964 < This avoids adding the "_vv" mapping when there already is a
|
|
|
2965 mapping for "_v" or for "_vvv".
|
|
|
2966
|
|
19
|
2967 match({expr}, {pat}[, {start}[, {count}]]) *match()*
|
|
95
|
2968 When {expr} is a List then this returns the index of the first
|
|
|
2969 item where {pat} matches. Each item is used as a String,
|
|
|
2970 Lists and Dictionaries are used as echoed.
|
|
|
2971 Otherwise, {expr} is used as a String. The result is a
|
|
|
2972 Number, which gives the index (byte offset) in {expr} where
|
|
|
2973 {pat} matches.
|
|
|
2974 A match at the first character or List item returns zero.
|
|
19
|
2975 If there is no match -1 is returned.
|
|
|
2976 Example: >
|
|
95
|
2977 :echo match("testing", "ing") " results in 4
|
|
|
2978 :echo match([1, 'x'], '\a') " results in 2
|
|
|
2979 < See |string-match| for how {pat} is used.
|
|
|
2980
|
|
19
|
2981 When {count} is given use the {count}'th match. When a match
|
|
95
|
2982 is found in a String the search for the next one starts on
|
|
|
2983 character further. Thus this example results in 1: >
|
|
19
|
2984 echo match("testing", "..", 0, 2)
|
|
95
|
2985 < In a List the search continues in the next item.
|
|
|
2986
|
|
|
2987 If {start} is given, the search starts from byte index
|
|
|
2988 {start} in a String or item {start} in a List.
|
|
7
|
2989 The result, however, is still the index counted from the
|
|
95
|
2990 first character/item. Example: >
|
|
7
|
2991 :echo match("testing", "ing", 2)
|
|
|
2992 < result is again "4". >
|
|
|
2993 :echo match("testing", "ing", 4)
|
|
|
2994 < result is again "4". >
|
|
|
2995 :echo match("testing", "t", 2)
|
|
|
2996 < result is "3".
|
|
95
|
2997 For a String, if {start} < 0, it will be set to 0. For a list
|
|
|
2998 the index is counted from the end.
|
|
|
2999 If {start} is out of range (> strlen({expr} for a String or
|
|
|
3000 > len({expr} for a List) -1 is returned.
|
|
|
3001
|
|
7
|
3002 See |pattern| for the patterns that are accepted.
|
|
|
3003 The 'ignorecase' option is used to set the ignore-caseness of
|
|
|
3004 the pattern. 'smartcase' is NOT used. The matching is always
|
|
|
3005 done like 'magic' is set and 'cpoptions' is empty.
|
|
|
3006
|
|
19
|
3007 matchend({expr}, {pat}[, {start}[, {count}]]) *matchend()*
|
|
7
|
3008 Same as match(), but return the index of first character after
|
|
|
3009 the match. Example: >
|
|
|
3010 :echo matchend("testing", "ing")
|
|
|
3011 < results in "7".
|
|
|
3012 The {start}, if given, has the same meaning as for match(). >
|
|
|
3013 :echo matchend("testing", "ing", 2)
|
|
|
3014 < results in "7". >
|
|
|
3015 :echo matchend("testing", "ing", 5)
|
|
|
3016 < result is "-1".
|
|
95
|
3017 When {expr} is a List the result is equal to match().
|
|
7
|
3018
|
|
19
|
3019 matchstr({expr}, {pat}[, {start}[, {count}]]) *matchstr()*
|
|
7
|
3020 Same as match(), but return the matched string. Example: >
|
|
|
3021 :echo matchstr("testing", "ing")
|
|
|
3022 < results in "ing".
|
|
|
3023 When there is no match "" is returned.
|
|
|
3024 The {start}, if given, has the same meaning as for match(). >
|
|
|
3025 :echo matchstr("testing", "ing", 2)
|
|
|
3026 < results in "ing". >
|
|
|
3027 :echo matchstr("testing", "ing", 5)
|
|
|
3028 < result is "".
|
|
95
|
3029 When {expr} is a List then the matching item is returned.
|
|
|
3030 The type isn't changed, it's not necessarily a String.
|
|
7
|
3031
|
|
87
|
3032 *max()*
|
|
|
3033 max({list}) Return the maximum value of all items in {list}.
|
|
|
3034 If {list} is not a list or one of the items in {list} cannot
|
|
|
3035 be used as a Number this results in an error.
|
|
|
3036 An empty List results in zero.
|
|
|
3037
|
|
|
3038 *min()*
|
|
|
3039 min({list}) Return the minumum value of all items in {list}.
|
|
|
3040 If {list} is not a list or one of the items in {list} cannot
|
|
|
3041 be used as a Number this results in an error.
|
|
|
3042 An empty List results in zero.
|
|
|
3043
|
|
7
|
3044 *mode()*
|
|
|
3045 mode() Return a string that indicates the current mode:
|
|
|
3046 n Normal
|
|
|
3047 v Visual by character
|
|
|
3048 V Visual by line
|
|
|
3049 CTRL-V Visual blockwise
|
|
|
3050 s Select by character
|
|
|
3051 S Select by line
|
|
|
3052 CTRL-S Select blockwise
|
|
|
3053 i Insert
|
|
|
3054 R Replace
|
|
|
3055 c Command-line
|
|
|
3056 r Hit-enter prompt
|
|
|
3057 This is useful in the 'statusline' option. In most other
|
|
|
3058 places it always returns "c" or "n".
|
|
|
3059
|
|
|
3060 nextnonblank({lnum}) *nextnonblank()*
|
|
|
3061 Return the line number of the first line at or below {lnum}
|
|
|
3062 that is not blank. Example: >
|
|
|
3063 if getline(nextnonblank(1)) =~ "Java"
|
|
|
3064 < When {lnum} is invalid or there is no non-blank line at or
|
|
|
3065 below it, zero is returned.
|
|
|
3066 See also |prevnonblank()|.
|
|
|
3067
|
|
|
3068 nr2char({expr}) *nr2char()*
|
|
|
3069 Return a string with a single character, which has the number
|
|
|
3070 value {expr}. Examples: >
|
|
|
3071 nr2char(64) returns "@"
|
|
|
3072 nr2char(32) returns " "
|
|
|
3073 < The current 'encoding' is used. Example for "utf-8": >
|
|
|
3074 nr2char(300) returns I with bow character
|
|
|
3075 < Note that a NUL character in the file is specified with
|
|
|
3076 nr2char(10), because NULs are represented with newline
|
|
|
3077 characters. nr2char(0) is a real NUL and terminates the
|
|
|
3078 string, thus isn't very useful.
|
|
|
3079
|
|
|
3080 prevnonblank({lnum}) *prevnonblank()*
|
|
|
3081 Return the line number of the first line at or above {lnum}
|
|
|
3082 that is not blank. Example: >
|
|
|
3083 let ind = indent(prevnonblank(v:lnum - 1))
|
|
|
3084 < When {lnum} is invalid or there is no non-blank line at or
|
|
|
3085 above it, zero is returned.
|
|
|
3086 Also see |nextnonblank()|.
|
|
|
3087
|
|
114
|
3088 *E726* *E727*
|
|
99
|
3089 range({expr} [, {max} [, {stride}]]) *range()*
|
|
|
3090 Returns a List with Numbers:
|
|
|
3091 - If only {expr} is specified: [0, 1, ..., {expr} - 1]
|
|
|
3092 - If {max} is specified: [{expr}, {expr} + 1, ..., {max}]
|
|
|
3093 - If {stride} is specified: [{expr}, {expr} + {stride}, ...,
|
|
|
3094 {max}] (increasing {expr} with {stride} each time, not
|
|
|
3095 producing a value past {max}).
|
|
|
3096 Examples: >
|
|
|
3097 range(4) " [0, 1, 2, 3]
|
|
|
3098 range(2, 4) " [2, 3, 4]
|
|
|
3099 range(2, 9, 3) " [2, 5, 8]
|
|
|
3100 range(2, -2, -1) " [2, 1, 0, -1, -2]
|
|
|
3101 <
|
|
7
|
3102 *remote_expr()* *E449*
|
|
|
3103 remote_expr({server}, {string} [, {idvar}])
|
|
|
3104 Send the {string} to {server}. The string is sent as an
|
|
|
3105 expression and the result is returned after evaluation.
|
|
|
3106 If {idvar} is present, it is taken as the name of a
|
|
|
3107 variable and a {serverid} for later use with
|
|
|
3108 remote_read() is stored there.
|
|
|
3109 See also |clientserver| |RemoteReply|.
|
|
|
3110 This function is not available in the |sandbox|.
|
|
|
3111 {only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature}
|
|
|
3112 Note: Any errors will cause a local error message to be issued
|
|
|
3113 and the result will be the empty string.
|
|
|
3114 Examples: >
|
|
|
3115 :echo remote_expr("gvim", "2+2")
|
|
|
3116 :echo remote_expr("gvim1", "b:current_syntax")
|
|
|
3117 <
|
|
|
3118
|
|
|
3119 remote_foreground({server}) *remote_foreground()*
|
|
|
3120 Move the Vim server with the name {server} to the foreground.
|
|
|
3121 This works like: >
|
|
|
3122 remote_expr({server}, "foreground()")
|
|
|
3123 < Except that on Win32 systems the client does the work, to work
|
|
|
3124 around the problem that the OS doesn't always allow the server
|
|
|
3125 to bring itself to the foreground.
|
|
|
3126 This function is not available in the |sandbox|.
|
|
|
3127 {only in the Win32, Athena, Motif and GTK GUI versions and the
|
|
|
3128 Win32 console version}
|
|
|
3129
|
|
|
3130
|
|
|
3131 remote_peek({serverid} [, {retvar}]) *remote_peek()*
|
|
|
3132 Returns a positive number if there are available strings
|
|
|
3133 from {serverid}. Copies any reply string into the variable
|
|
|
3134 {retvar} if specified. {retvar} must be a string with the
|
|
|
3135 name of a variable.
|
|
|
3136 Returns zero if none are available.
|
|
|
3137 Returns -1 if something is wrong.
|
|
|
3138 See also |clientserver|.
|
|
|
3139 This function is not available in the |sandbox|.
|
|
|
3140 {only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature}
|
|
|
3141 Examples: >
|
|
|
3142 :let repl = ""
|
|
|
3143 :echo "PEEK: ".remote_peek(id, "repl").": ".repl
|
|
|
3144
|
|
|
3145 remote_read({serverid}) *remote_read()*
|
|
|
3146 Return the oldest available reply from {serverid} and consume
|
|
|
3147 it. It blocks until a reply is available.
|
|
|
3148 See also |clientserver|.
|
|
|
3149 This function is not available in the |sandbox|.
|
|
|
3150 {only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature}
|
|
|
3151 Example: >
|
|
|
3152 :echo remote_read(id)
|
|
|
3153 <
|
|
|
3154 *remote_send()* *E241*
|
|
|
3155 remote_send({server}, {string} [, {idvar}])
|
|
22
|
3156 Send the {string} to {server}. The string is sent as input
|
|
|
3157 keys and the function returns immediately. At the Vim server
|
|
|
3158 the keys are not mapped |:map|.
|
|
7
|
3159 If {idvar} is present, it is taken as the name of a
|
|
|
3160 variable and a {serverid} for later use with
|
|
|
3161 remote_read() is stored there.
|
|
|
3162 See also |clientserver| |RemoteReply|.
|
|
|
3163 This function is not available in the |sandbox|.
|
|
|
3164 {only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature}
|
|
|
3165 Note: Any errors will be reported in the server and may mess
|
|
|
3166 up the display.
|
|
|
3167 Examples: >
|
|
|
3168 :echo remote_send("gvim", ":DropAndReply ".file, "serverid").
|
|
|
3169 \ remote_read(serverid)
|
|
|
3170
|
|
|
3171 :autocmd NONE RemoteReply *
|
|
|
3172 \ echo remote_read(expand("<amatch>"))
|
|
|
3173 :echo remote_send("gvim", ":sleep 10 | echo ".
|
|
|
3174 \ 'server2client(expand("<client>"), "HELLO")<CR>')
|
|
82
|
3175 <
|
|
79
|
3176 remove({list}, {idx} [, {end}]) *remove()*
|
|
|
3177 Without {end}: Remove the item at {idx} from List {list} and
|
|
|
3178 return it.
|
|
|
3179 With {end}: Remove items from {idx} to {end} (inclusive) and
|
|
|
3180 return a list with these items. When {idx} points to the same
|
|
|
3181 item as {end} a list with one item is returned. When {end}
|
|
|
3182 points to an item before {idx} this is an error.
|
|
|
3183 See |list-index| for possible values of {idx} and {end}.
|
|
55
|
3184 Example: >
|
|
|
3185 :echo "last item: " . remove(mylist, -1)
|
|
79
|
3186 :call remove(mylist, 0, 9)
|
|
99
|
3187 remove({dict}, {key})
|
|
|
3188 Remove the entry from {dict} with key {key}. Example: >
|
|
|
3189 :echo "removed " . remove(dict, "one")
|
|
|
3190 < If there is no {key} in {dict} this is an error.
|
|
|
3191
|
|
|
3192 Use |delete()| to remove a file.
|
|
55
|
3193
|
|
7
|
3194 rename({from}, {to}) *rename()*
|
|
|
3195 Rename the file by the name {from} to the name {to}. This
|
|
|
3196 should also work to move files across file systems. The
|
|
|
3197 result is a Number, which is 0 if the file was renamed
|
|
|
3198 successfully, and non-zero when the renaming failed.
|
|
|
3199 This function is not available in the |sandbox|.
|
|
|
3200
|
|
18
|
3201 repeat({expr}, {count}) *repeat()*
|
|
|
3202 Repeat {expr} {count} times and return the concatenated
|
|
|
3203 result. Example: >
|
|
|
3204 :let seperator = repeat('-', 80)
|
|
|
3205 < When {count} is zero or negative the result is empty.
|
|
87
|
3206 When {expr} is a List the result is {expr} concatenated
|
|
79
|
3207 {count} times. Example: >
|
|
|
3208 :let longlist = repeat(['a', 'b'], 3)
|
|
|
3209 < Results in ['a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b'].
|
|
18
|
3210
|
|
82
|
3211
|
|
7
|
3212 resolve({filename}) *resolve()* *E655*
|
|
|
3213 On MS-Windows, when {filename} is a shortcut (a .lnk file),
|
|
|
3214 returns the path the shortcut points to in a simplified form.
|
|
|
3215 On Unix, repeat resolving symbolic links in all path
|
|
|
3216 components of {filename} and return the simplified result.
|
|
|
3217 To cope with link cycles, resolving of symbolic links is
|
|
|
3218 stopped after 100 iterations.
|
|
|
3219 On other systems, return the simplified {filename}.
|
|
|
3220 The simplification step is done as by |simplify()|.
|
|
|
3221 resolve() keeps a leading path component specifying the
|
|
|
3222 current directory (provided the result is still a relative
|
|
|
3223 path name) and also keeps a trailing path separator.
|
|
|
3224
|
|
82
|
3225 *reverse()*
|
|
|
3226 reverse({list}) Reverse the order of items in {list} in-place. Returns
|
|
|
3227 {list}.
|
|
|
3228 If you want a list to remain unmodified make a copy first: >
|
|
|
3229 :let revlist = reverse(copy(mylist))
|
|
|
3230
|
|
7
|
3231 search({pattern} [, {flags}]) *search()*
|
|
|
3232 Search for regexp pattern {pattern}. The search starts at the
|
|
|
3233 cursor position.
|
|
|
3234 {flags} is a String, which can contain these character flags:
|
|
|
3235 'b' search backward instead of forward
|
|
20
|
3236 'n' do Not move the cursor
|
|
7
|
3237 'w' wrap around the end of the file
|
|
|
3238 'W' don't wrap around the end of the file
|
|
|
3239 If neither 'w' or 'W' is given, the 'wrapscan' option applies.
|
|
|
3240
|
|
20
|
3241 When a match has been found its line number is returned.
|
|
|
3242 The cursor will be positioned at the match, unless the 'n'
|
|
|
3243 flag is used).
|
|
|
3244 If there is no match a 0 is returned and the cursor doesn't
|
|
|
3245 move. No error message is given.
|
|
7
|
3246
|
|
|
3247 Example (goes over all files in the argument list): >
|
|
|
3248 :let n = 1
|
|
|
3249 :while n <= argc() " loop over all files in arglist
|
|
|
3250 : exe "argument " . n
|
|
|
3251 : " start at the last char in the file and wrap for the
|
|
|
3252 : " first search to find match at start of file
|
|
|
3253 : normal G$
|
|
|
3254 : let flags = "w"
|
|
|
3255 : while search("foo", flags) > 0
|
|
|
3256 : s/foo/bar/g
|
|
|
3257 : let flags = "W"
|
|
|
3258 : endwhile
|
|
|
3259 : update " write the file if modified
|
|
|
3260 : let n = n + 1
|
|
|
3261 :endwhile
|
|
|
3262 <
|
|
|
3263 *searchpair()*
|
|
|
3264 searchpair({start}, {middle}, {end} [, {flags} [, {skip}]])
|
|
|
3265 Search for the match of a nested start-end pair. This can be
|
|
|
3266 used to find the "endif" that matches an "if", while other
|
|
|
3267 if/endif pairs in between are ignored.
|
|
|
3268 The search starts at the cursor. If a match is found, the
|
|
|
3269 cursor is positioned at it and the line number is returned.
|
|
|
3270 If no match is found 0 or -1 is returned and the cursor
|
|
|
3271 doesn't move. No error message is given.
|
|
|
3272
|
|
|
3273 {start}, {middle} and {end} are patterns, see |pattern|. They
|
|
|
3274 must not contain \( \) pairs. Use of \%( \) is allowed. When
|
|
|
3275 {middle} is not empty, it is found when searching from either
|
|
|
3276 direction, but only when not in a nested start-end pair. A
|
|
|
3277 typical use is: >
|
|
|
3278 searchpair('\<if\>', '\<else\>', '\<endif\>')
|
|
|
3279 < By leaving {middle} empty the "else" is skipped.
|
|
|
3280
|
|
|
3281 {flags} are used like with |search()|. Additionally:
|
|
|
3282 'n' do Not move the cursor
|
|
|
3283 'r' Repeat until no more matches found; will find the
|
|
|
3284 outer pair
|
|
|
3285 'm' return number of Matches instead of line number with
|
|
|
3286 the match; will only be > 1 when 'r' is used.
|
|
|
3287
|
|
|
3288 When a match for {start}, {middle} or {end} is found, the
|
|
|
3289 {skip} expression is evaluated with the cursor positioned on
|
|
|
3290 the start of the match. It should return non-zero if this
|
|
|
3291 match is to be skipped. E.g., because it is inside a comment
|
|
|
3292 or a string.
|
|
|
3293 When {skip} is omitted or empty, every match is accepted.
|
|
|
3294 When evaluating {skip} causes an error the search is aborted
|
|
|
3295 and -1 returned.
|
|
|
3296
|
|
|
3297 The value of 'ignorecase' is used. 'magic' is ignored, the
|
|
|
3298 patterns are used like it's on.
|
|
|
3299
|
|
|
3300 The search starts exactly at the cursor. A match with
|
|
|
3301 {start}, {middle} or {end} at the next character, in the
|
|
|
3302 direction of searching, is the first one found. Example: >
|
|
|
3303 if 1
|
|
|
3304 if 2
|
|
|
3305 endif 2
|
|
|
3306 endif 1
|
|
|
3307 < When starting at the "if 2", with the cursor on the "i", and
|
|
|
3308 searching forwards, the "endif 2" is found. When starting on
|
|
|
3309 the character just before the "if 2", the "endif 1" will be
|
|
|
3310 found. That's because the "if 2" will be found first, and
|
|
|
3311 then this is considered to be a nested if/endif from "if 2" to
|
|
|
3312 "endif 2".
|
|
|
3313 When searching backwards and {end} is more than one character,
|
|
|
3314 it may be useful to put "\zs" at the end of the pattern, so
|
|
|
3315 that when the cursor is inside a match with the end it finds
|
|
|
3316 the matching start.
|
|
|
3317
|
|
|
3318 Example, to find the "endif" command in a Vim script: >
|
|
|
3319
|
|
|
3320 :echo searchpair('\<if\>', '\<el\%[seif]\>', '\<en\%[dif]\>', 'W',
|
|
|
3321 \ 'getline(".") =~ "^\\s*\""')
|
|
|
3322
|
|
|
3323 < The cursor must be at or after the "if" for which a match is
|
|
|
3324 to be found. Note that single-quote strings are used to avoid
|
|
|
3325 having to double the backslashes. The skip expression only
|
|
|
3326 catches comments at the start of a line, not after a command.
|
|
|
3327 Also, a word "en" or "if" halfway a line is considered a
|
|
|
3328 match.
|
|
|
3329 Another example, to search for the matching "{" of a "}": >
|
|
|
3330
|
|
|
3331 :echo searchpair('{', '', '}', 'bW')
|
|
|
3332
|
|
|
3333 < This works when the cursor is at or before the "}" for which a
|
|
|
3334 match is to be found. To reject matches that syntax
|
|
|
3335 highlighting recognized as strings: >
|
|
|
3336
|
|
|
3337 :echo searchpair('{', '', '}', 'bW',
|
|
|
3338 \ 'synIDattr(synID(line("."), col("."), 0), "name") =~? "string"')
|
|
|
3339 <
|
|
|
3340 server2client( {clientid}, {string}) *server2client()*
|
|
|
3341 Send a reply string to {clientid}. The most recent {clientid}
|
|
|
3342 that sent a string can be retrieved with expand("<client>").
|
|
|
3343 {only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature}
|
|
|
3344 Note:
|
|
|
3345 This id has to be stored before the next command can be
|
|
|
3346 received. Ie. before returning from the received command and
|
|
|
3347 before calling any commands that waits for input.
|
|
|
3348 See also |clientserver|.
|
|
|
3349 Example: >
|
|
|
3350 :echo server2client(expand("<client>"), "HELLO")
|
|
|
3351 <
|
|
|
3352 serverlist() *serverlist()*
|
|
|
3353 Return a list of available server names, one per line.
|
|
|
3354 When there are no servers or the information is not available
|
|
|
3355 an empty string is returned. See also |clientserver|.
|
|
|
3356 {only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature}
|
|
|
3357 Example: >
|
|
|
3358 :echo serverlist()
|
|
|
3359 <
|
|
|
3360 setbufvar({expr}, {varname}, {val}) *setbufvar()*
|
|
|
3361 Set option or local variable {varname} in buffer {expr} to
|
|
|
3362 {val}.
|
|
|
3363 This also works for a global or local window option, but it
|
|
|
3364 doesn't work for a global or local window variable.
|
|
|
3365 For a local window option the global value is unchanged.
|
|
|
3366 For the use of {expr}, see |bufname()| above.
|
|
|
3367 Note that the variable name without "b:" must be used.
|
|
|
3368 Examples: >
|
|
|
3369 :call setbufvar(1, "&mod", 1)
|
|
|
3370 :call setbufvar("todo", "myvar", "foobar")
|
|
|
3371 < This function is not available in the |sandbox|.
|
|
|
3372
|
|
|
3373 setcmdpos({pos}) *setcmdpos()*
|
|
|
3374 Set the cursor position in the command line to byte position
|
|
|
3375 {pos}. The first position is 1.
|
|
|
3376 Use |getcmdpos()| to obtain the current position.
|
|
|
3377 Only works while editing the command line, thus you must use
|
|
99
|
3378 |c_CTRL-\_e|, |c_CTRL-R_=| or |c_CTRL-R_CTRL-R| with '='. For
|
|
|
3379 |c_CTRL-\_e| and |c_CTRL-R_CTRL-R| with '=' the position is
|
|
|
3380 set after the command line is set to the expression. For
|
|
|
3381 |c_CTRL-R_=| it is set after evaluating the expression but
|
|
|
3382 before inserting the resulting text.
|
|
7
|
3383 When the number is too big the cursor is put at the end of the
|
|
|
3384 line. A number smaller than one has undefined results.
|
|
|
3385 Returns 0 when successful, 1 when not editing the command
|
|
|
3386 line.
|
|
|
3387
|
|
|
3388 setline({lnum}, {line}) *setline()*
|
|
|
3389 Set line {lnum} of the current buffer to {line}. If this
|
|
|
3390 succeeds, 0 is returned. If this fails (most likely because
|
|
|
3391 {lnum} is invalid) 1 is returned. Example: >
|
|
|
3392 :call setline(5, strftime("%c"))
|
|
|
3393 < Note: The '[ and '] marks are not set.
|
|
|
3394
|
|
|
3395 *setreg()*
|
|
|
3396 setreg({regname}, {value} [,{options}])
|
|
|
3397 Set the register {regname} to {value}.
|
|
|
3398 If {options} contains "a" or {regname} is upper case,
|
|
|
3399 then the value is appended.
|
|
|
3400 {options} can also contains a register type specification:
|
|
|
3401 "c" or "v" |characterwise| mode
|
|
|
3402 "l" or "V" |linewise| mode
|
|
|
3403 "b" or "<CTRL-V>" |blockwise-visual| mode
|
|
|
3404 If a number immediately follows "b" or "<CTRL-V>" then this is
|
|
|
3405 used as the width of the selection - if it is not specified
|
|
|
3406 then the width of the block is set to the number of characters
|
|
|
3407 in the longest line (counting a <TAB> as 1 character).
|
|
|
3408
|
|
|
3409 If {options} contains no register settings, then the default
|
|
|
3410 is to use character mode unless {value} ends in a <NL>.
|
|
|
3411 Setting the '=' register is not possible.
|
|
|
3412 Returns zero for success, non-zero for failure.
|
|
|
3413
|
|
|
3414 Examples: >
|
|
|
3415 :call setreg(v:register, @*)
|
|
|
3416 :call setreg('*', @%, 'ac')
|
|
|
3417 :call setreg('a', "1\n2\n3", 'b5')
|
|
|
3418
|
|
|
3419 < This example shows using the functions to save and restore a
|
|
|
3420 register. >
|
|
|
3421 :let var_a = getreg('a')
|
|
|
3422 :let var_amode = getregtype('a')
|
|
|
3423 ....
|
|
|
3424 :call setreg('a', var_a, var_amode)
|
|
|
3425
|
|
|
3426 < You can also change the type of a register by appending
|
|
|
3427 nothing: >
|
|
|
3428 :call setreg('a', '', 'al')
|
|
|
3429
|
|
|
3430 setwinvar({nr}, {varname}, {val}) *setwinvar()*
|
|
|
3431 Set option or local variable {varname} in window {nr} to
|
|
|
3432 {val}.
|
|
|
3433 This also works for a global or local buffer option, but it
|
|
|
3434 doesn't work for a global or local buffer variable.
|
|
|
3435 For a local buffer option the global value is unchanged.
|
|
|
3436 Note that the variable name without "w:" must be used.
|
|
|
3437 Examples: >
|
|
|
3438 :call setwinvar(1, "&list", 0)
|
|
|
3439 :call setwinvar(2, "myvar", "foobar")
|
|
|
3440 < This function is not available in the |sandbox|.
|
|
|
3441
|
|
|
3442 simplify({filename}) *simplify()*
|
|
|
3443 Simplify the file name as much as possible without changing
|
|
|
3444 the meaning. Shortcuts (on MS-Windows) or symbolic links (on
|
|
|
3445 Unix) are not resolved. If the first path component in
|
|
|
3446 {filename} designates the current directory, this will be
|
|
|
3447 valid for the result as well. A trailing path separator is
|
|
|
3448 not removed either.
|
|
|
3449 Example: >
|
|
|
3450 simplify("./dir/.././/file/") == "./file/"
|
|
|
3451 < Note: The combination "dir/.." is only removed if "dir" is
|
|
|
3452 a searchable directory or does not exist. On Unix, it is also
|
|
|
3453 removed when "dir" is a symbolic link within the same
|
|
|
3454 directory. In order to resolve all the involved symbolic
|
|
|
3455 links before simplifying the path name, use |resolve()|.
|
|
|
3456
|
|
82
|
3457
|
|
85
|
3458 sort({list} [, {func}]) *sort()* *E702*
|
|
82
|
3459 Sort the items in {list} in-place. Returns {list}. If you
|
|
|
3460 want a list to remain unmodified make a copy first: >
|
|
|
3461 :let sortedlist = sort(copy(mylist))
|
|
|
3462 < Uses the string representation of each item to sort on.
|
|
95
|
3463 Numbers sort after Strings, Lists after Numbers.
|
|
82
|
3464 When {func} is given and it is one then case is ignored.
|
|
|
3465 When {func} is a Funcref or a function name, this function is
|
|
|
3466 called to compare items. The function is invoked with two
|
|
|
3467 items as argument and must return zero if they are equal, 1 if
|
|
|
3468 the first one sorts after the second one, -1 if the first one
|
|
|
3469 sorts before the second one. Example: >
|
|
|
3470 func MyCompare(i1, i2)
|
|
|
3471 return a:i1 == a:i2 ? 0 : a:i1 > a:i2 ? 1 : -1
|
|
|
3472 endfunc
|
|
|
3473 let sortedlist = sort(mylist, "MyCompare")
|
|
|
3474
|
|
95
|
3475 split({expr} [, {pattern}]) *split()*
|
|
82
|
3476 Make a List out of {expr}. When {pattern} is omitted each
|
|
|
3477 white-separated sequence of characters becomes an item.
|
|
|
3478 Otherwise the string is split where {pattern} matches,
|
|
|
3479 removing the matched characters. Empty strings are omitted.
|
|
|
3480 Example: >
|
|
95
|
3481 :let words = split(getline('.'), '\W\+')
|
|
82
|
3482 < Since empty strings are not added the "\+" isn't required but
|
|
|
3483 it makes the function work a bit faster.
|
|
95
|
3484 The opposite function is |join()|.
|
|
82
|
3485
|
|
|
3486
|
|
7
|
3487 strftime({format} [, {time}]) *strftime()*
|
|
|
3488 The result is a String, which is a formatted date and time, as
|
|
|
3489 specified by the {format} string. The given {time} is used,
|
|
|
3490 or the current time if no time is given. The accepted
|
|
|
3491 {format} depends on your system, thus this is not portable!
|
|
|
3492 See the manual page of the C function strftime() for the
|
|
|
3493 format. The maximum length of the result is 80 characters.
|
|
|
3494 See also |localtime()| and |getftime()|.
|
|
|
3495 The language can be changed with the |:language| command.
|
|
|
3496 Examples: >
|
|
|
3497 :echo strftime("%c") Sun Apr 27 11:49:23 1997
|
|
|
3498 :echo strftime("%Y %b %d %X") 1997 Apr 27 11:53:25
|
|
|
3499 :echo strftime("%y%m%d %T") 970427 11:53:55
|
|
|
3500 :echo strftime("%H:%M") 11:55
|
|
|
3501 :echo strftime("%c", getftime("file.c"))
|
|
|
3502 Show mod time of file.c.
|
|
82
|
3503 < Not available on all systems. To check use: >
|
|
|
3504 :if exists("*strftime")
|
|
|
3505
|
|
7
|
3506 stridx({haystack}, {needle}) *stridx()*
|
|
|
3507 The result is a Number, which gives the index in {haystack} of
|
|
|
3508 the first occurrence of the String {needle} in the String
|
|
|
3509 {haystack}. The search is done case-sensitive. For advanced
|
|
|
3510 searches use |match()|.
|
|
|
3511 If the {needle} does not occur in {haystack} it returns -1.
|
|
|
3512 See also |strridx()|. Examples: >
|
|
|
3513 :echo stridx("An Example", "Example") 3
|
|
|
3514 :echo stridx("Starting point", "Start") 0
|
|
|
3515 :echo stridx("Starting point", "start") -1
|
|
|
3516 <
|
|
55
|
3517 *string()*
|
|
95
|
3518 string({expr}) Return {expr} converted to a String. If {expr} is a Number,
|
|
|
3519 String or a composition of them, then the result can be parsed
|
|
|
3520 back with |eval()|.
|
|
55
|
3521 {expr} type result ~
|
|
99
|
3522 String 'string'
|
|
95
|
3523 Number 123
|
|
99
|
3524 Funcref function('name')
|
|
95
|
3525 List [item, item]
|
|
99
|
3526 Note that in String values the ' character is doubled.
|
|
55
|
3527
|
|
7
|
3528 *strlen()*
|
|
|
3529 strlen({expr}) The result is a Number, which is the length of the String
|
|
|
3530 {expr} in bytes. If you want to count the number of
|
|
|
3531 multi-byte characters use something like this: >
|
|
|
3532
|
|
|
3533 :let len = strlen(substitute(str, ".", "x", "g"))
|
|
|
3534
|
|
|
3535 < Composing characters are not counted.
|
|
55
|
3536 If the argument is a Number it is first converted to a String.
|
|
|
3537 For other types an error is given.
|
|
|
3538 Also see |len()|.
|
|
7
|
3539
|
|
|
3540 strpart({src}, {start}[, {len}]) *strpart()*
|
|
|
3541 The result is a String, which is part of {src}, starting from
|
|
|
3542 byte {start}, with the length {len}.
|
|
|
3543 When non-existing bytes are included, this doesn't result in
|
|
|
3544 an error, the bytes are simply omitted.
|
|
|
3545 If {len} is missing, the copy continues from {start} till the
|
|
|
3546 end of the {src}. >
|
|
|
3547 strpart("abcdefg", 3, 2) == "de"
|
|
|
3548 strpart("abcdefg", -2, 4) == "ab"
|
|
|
3549 strpart("abcdefg", 5, 4) == "fg"
|
|
|
3550 strpart("abcdefg", 3) == "defg"
|
|
|
3551 < Note: To get the first character, {start} must be 0. For
|
|
|
3552 example, to get three bytes under and after the cursor: >
|
|
|
3553 strpart(getline(line(".")), col(".") - 1, 3)
|
|
|
3554 <
|
|
|
3555 strridx({haystack}, {needle}) *strridx()*
|
|
|
3556 The result is a Number, which gives the index in {haystack} of
|
|
|
3557 the last occurrence of the String {needle} in the String
|
|
|
3558 {haystack}. The search is done case-sensitive. For advanced
|
|
|
3559 searches use |match()|.
|
|
|
3560 If the {needle} does not occur in {haystack} it returns -1.
|
|
22
|
3561 If the {needle} is empty the length of {haystack} is returned.
|
|
7
|
3562 See also |stridx()|. Examples: >
|
|
|
3563 :echo strridx("an angry armadillo", "an") 3
|
|
|
3564 <
|
|
|
3565 strtrans({expr}) *strtrans()*
|
|
|
3566 The result is a String, which is {expr} with all unprintable
|
|
|
3567 characters translated into printable characters |'isprint'|.
|
|
|
3568 Like they are shown in a window. Example: >
|
|
|
3569 echo strtrans(@a)
|
|
|
3570 < This displays a newline in register a as "^@" instead of
|
|
|
3571 starting a new line.
|
|
|
3572
|
|
|
3573 submatch({nr}) *submatch()*
|
|
|
3574 Only for an expression in a |:substitute| command. Returns
|
|
|
3575 the {nr}'th submatch of the matched text. When {nr} is 0
|
|
|
3576 the whole matched text is returned.
|
|
|
3577 Example: >
|
|
|
3578 :s/\d\+/\=submatch(0) + 1/
|
|
|
3579 < This finds the first number in the line and adds one to it.
|
|
|
3580 A line break is included as a newline character.
|
|
|
3581
|
|
|
3582 substitute({expr}, {pat}, {sub}, {flags}) *substitute()*
|
|
|
3583 The result is a String, which is a copy of {expr}, in which
|
|
|
3584 the first match of {pat} is replaced with {sub}. This works
|
|
|
3585 like the ":substitute" command (without any flags). But the
|
|
|
3586 matching with {pat} is always done like the 'magic' option is
|
|
|
3587 set and 'cpoptions' is empty (to make scripts portable).
|
|
|
3588 See |string-match| for how {pat} is used.
|
|
|
3589 And a "~" in {sub} is not replaced with the previous {sub}.
|
|
|
3590 Note that some codes in {sub} have a special meaning
|
|
|
3591 |sub-replace-special|. For example, to replace something with
|
|
|
3592 "\n" (two characters), use "\\\\n" or '\\n'.
|
|
|
3593 When {pat} does not match in {expr}, {expr} is returned
|
|
|
3594 unmodified.
|
|
|
3595 When {flags} is "g", all matches of {pat} in {expr} are
|
|
|
3596 replaced. Otherwise {flags} should be "".
|
|
|
3597 Example: >
|
|
|
3598 :let &path = substitute(&path, ",\\=[^,]*$", "", "")
|
|
|
3599 < This removes the last component of the 'path' option. >
|
|
|
3600 :echo substitute("testing", ".*", "\\U\\0", "")
|
|
|
3601 < results in "TESTING".
|
|
|
3602
|
|
32
|
3603 synID({lnum}, {col}, {trans}) *synID()*
|
|
7
|
3604 The result is a Number, which is the syntax ID at the position
|
|
32
|
3605 {lnum} and {col} in the current window.
|
|
7
|
3606 The syntax ID can be used with |synIDattr()| and
|
|
|
3607 |synIDtrans()| to obtain syntax information about text.
|
|
32
|
3608 {col} is 1 for the leftmost column, {lnum} is 1 for the first
|
|
7
|
3609 line.
|
|
|
3610 When {trans} is non-zero, transparent items are reduced to the
|
|
|
3611 item that they reveal. This is useful when wanting to know
|
|
|
3612 the effective color. When {trans} is zero, the transparent
|
|
|
3613 item is returned. This is useful when wanting to know which
|
|
|
3614 syntax item is effective (e.g. inside parens).
|
|
|
3615 Warning: This function can be very slow. Best speed is
|
|
|
3616 obtained by going through the file in forward direction.
|
|
|
3617
|
|
|
3618 Example (echoes the name of the syntax item under the cursor): >
|
|
|
3619 :echo synIDattr(synID(line("."), col("."), 1), "name")
|
|
|
3620 <
|
|
|
3621 synIDattr({synID}, {what} [, {mode}]) *synIDattr()*
|
|
|
3622 The result is a String, which is the {what} attribute of
|
|
|
3623 syntax ID {synID}. This can be used to obtain information
|
|
|
3624 about a syntax item.
|
|
|
3625 {mode} can be "gui", "cterm" or "term", to get the attributes
|
|
|
3626 for that mode. When {mode} is omitted, or an invalid value is
|
|
|
3627 used, the attributes for the currently active highlighting are
|
|
|
3628 used (GUI, cterm or term).
|
|
|
3629 Use synIDtrans() to follow linked highlight groups.
|
|
|
3630 {what} result
|
|
|
3631 "name" the name of the syntax item
|
|
|
3632 "fg" foreground color (GUI: color name used to set
|
|
|
3633 the color, cterm: color number as a string,
|
|
|
3634 term: empty string)
|
|
|
3635 "bg" background color (like "fg")
|
|
|
3636 "fg#" like "fg", but for the GUI and the GUI is
|
|
|
3637 running the name in "#RRGGBB" form
|
|
|
3638 "bg#" like "fg#" for "bg"
|
|
|
3639 "bold" "1" if bold
|
|
|
3640 "italic" "1" if italic
|
|
|
3641 "reverse" "1" if reverse
|
|
|
3642 "inverse" "1" if inverse (= reverse)
|
|
|
3643 "underline" "1" if underlined
|
|
|
3644
|
|
|
3645 Example (echoes the color of the syntax item under the
|
|
|
3646 cursor): >
|
|
|
3647 :echo synIDattr(synIDtrans(synID(line("."), col("."), 1)), "fg")
|
|
|
3648 <
|
|
|
3649 synIDtrans({synID}) *synIDtrans()*
|
|
|
3650 The result is a Number, which is the translated syntax ID of
|
|
|
3651 {synID}. This is the syntax group ID of what is being used to
|
|
|
3652 highlight the character. Highlight links given with
|
|
|
3653 ":highlight link" are followed.
|
|
|
3654
|
|
24
|
3655 system({expr} [, {input}]) *system()* *E677*
|
|
|
3656 Get the output of the shell command {expr}.
|
|
|
3657 When {input} is given, this string is written to a file and
|
|
|
3658 passed as stdin to the command. The string is written as-is,
|
|
|
3659 you need to take care of using the correct line separators
|
|
|
3660 yourself.
|
|
|
3661 Note: newlines in {expr} may cause the command to fail. The
|
|
|
3662 characters in 'shellquote' and 'shellxquote' may also cause
|
|
|
3663 trouble.
|
|
7
|
3664 This is not to be used for interactive commands.
|
|
|
3665 The result is a String. Example: >
|
|
|
3666
|
|
|
3667 :let files = system("ls")
|
|
|
3668
|
|
|
3669 < To make the result more system-independent, the shell output
|
|
|
3670 is filtered to replace <CR> with <NL> for Macintosh, and
|
|
|
3671 <CR><NL> with <NL> for DOS-like systems.
|
|
|
3672 The command executed is constructed using several options:
|
|
|
3673 'shell' 'shellcmdflag' 'shellxquote' {expr} 'shellredir' {tmp} 'shellxquote'
|
|
|
3674 ({tmp} is an automatically generated file name).
|
|
|
3675 For Unix and OS/2 braces are put around {expr} to allow for
|
|
|
3676 concatenated commands.
|
|
|
3677
|
|
|
3678 The resulting error code can be found in |v:shell_error|.
|
|
|
3679 This function will fail in |restricted-mode|.
|
|
|
3680 Unlike ":!cmd" there is no automatic check for changed files.
|
|
|
3681 Use |:checktime| to force a check.
|
|
|
3682
|
|
|
3683 tempname() *tempname()* *temp-file-name*
|
|
|
3684 The result is a String, which is the name of a file that
|
|
|
3685 doesn't exist. It can be used for a temporary file. The name
|
|
|
3686 is different for at least 26 consecutive calls. Example: >
|
|
|
3687 :let tmpfile = tempname()
|
|
|
3688 :exe "redir > " . tmpfile
|
|
|
3689 < For Unix, the file will be in a private directory (only
|
|
|
3690 accessible by the current user) to avoid security problems
|
|
|
3691 (e.g., a symlink attack or other people reading your file).
|
|
|
3692 When Vim exits the directory and all files in it are deleted.
|
|
|
3693 For MS-Windows forward slashes are used when the 'shellslash'
|
|
|
3694 option is set or when 'shellcmdflag' starts with '-'.
|
|
|
3695
|
|
|
3696 tolower({expr}) *tolower()*
|
|
|
3697 The result is a copy of the String given, with all uppercase
|
|
|
3698 characters turned into lowercase (just like applying |gu| to
|
|
|
3699 the string).
|
|
|
3700
|
|
|
3701 toupper({expr}) *toupper()*
|
|
|
3702 The result is a copy of the String given, with all lowercase
|
|
|
3703 characters turned into uppercase (just like applying |gU| to
|
|
|
3704 the string).
|
|
|
3705
|
|
15
|
3706 tr({src}, {fromstr}, {tostr}) *tr()*
|
|
|
3707 The result is a copy of the {src} string with all characters
|
|
|
3708 which appear in {fromstr} replaced by the character in that
|
|
|
3709 position in the {tostr} string. Thus the first character in
|
|
|
3710 {fromstr} is translated into the first character in {tostr}
|
|
|
3711 and so on. Exactly like the unix "tr" command.
|
|
|
3712 This code also deals with multibyte characters properly.
|
|
|
3713
|
|
|
3714 Examples: >
|
|
|
3715 echo tr("hello there", "ht", "HT")
|
|
|
3716 < returns "Hello THere" >
|
|
|
3717 echo tr("<blob>", "<>", "{}")
|
|
|
3718 < returns "{blob}"
|
|
|
3719
|
|
87
|
3720 *type()*
|
|
|
3721 type({expr}) The result is a Number, depending on the type of {expr}:
|
|
|
3722 Number: 0
|
|
|
3723 String: 1
|
|
|
3724 Funcref: 2
|
|
|
3725 List: 3
|
|
|
3726 To avoid the magic numbers it can be used this way: >
|
|
|
3727 :if type(myvar) == type(0)
|
|
|
3728 :if type(myvar) == type("")
|
|
|
3729 :if type(myvar) == type(function("tr"))
|
|
|
3730 :if type(myvar) == type([])
|
|
7
|
3731
|
|
|
3732 virtcol({expr}) *virtcol()*
|
|
|
3733 The result is a Number, which is the screen column of the file
|
|
|
3734 position given with {expr}. That is, the last screen position
|
|
|
3735 occupied by the character at that position, when the screen
|
|
|
3736 would be of unlimited width. When there is a <Tab> at the
|
|
|
3737 position, the returned Number will be the column at the end of
|
|
|
3738 the <Tab>. For example, for a <Tab> in column 1, with 'ts'
|
|
|
3739 set to 8, it returns 8.
|
|
|
3740 For the byte position use |col()|.
|
|
|
3741 When Virtual editing is active in the current mode, a position
|
|
|
3742 beyond the end of the line can be returned. |'virtualedit'|
|
|
|
3743 The accepted positions are:
|
|
|
3744 . the cursor position
|
|
|
3745 $ the end of the cursor line (the result is the
|
|
|
3746 number of displayed characters in the cursor line
|
|
|
3747 plus one)
|
|
|
3748 'x position of mark x (if the mark is not set, 0 is
|
|
|
3749 returned)
|
|
|
3750 Note that only marks in the current file can be used.
|
|
|
3751 Examples: >
|
|
|
3752 virtcol(".") with text "foo^Lbar", with cursor on the "^L", returns 5
|
|
|
3753 virtcol("$") with text "foo^Lbar", returns 9
|
|
|
3754 virtcol("'t") with text " there", with 't at 'h', returns 6
|
|
|
3755 < The first column is 1. 0 is returned for an error.
|
|
|
3756
|
|
|
3757 visualmode([expr]) *visualmode()*
|
|
|
3758 The result is a String, which describes the last Visual mode
|
|
|
3759 used. Initially it returns an empty string, but once Visual
|
|
|
3760 mode has been used, it returns "v", "V", or "<CTRL-V>" (a
|
|
|
3761 single CTRL-V character) for character-wise, line-wise, or
|
|
|
3762 block-wise Visual mode respectively.
|
|
|
3763 Example: >
|
|
|
3764 :exe "normal " . visualmode()
|
|
|
3765 < This enters the same Visual mode as before. It is also useful
|
|
|
3766 in scripts if you wish to act differently depending on the
|
|
|
3767 Visual mode that was used.
|
|
|
3768
|
|
|
3769 If an expression is supplied that results in a non-zero number
|
|
|
3770 or a non-empty string, then the Visual mode will be cleared
|
|
|
3771 and the old value is returned. Note that " " and "0" are also
|
|
|
3772 non-empty strings, thus cause the mode to be cleared.
|
|
|
3773
|
|
|
3774 *winbufnr()*
|
|
|
3775 winbufnr({nr}) The result is a Number, which is the number of the buffer
|
|
|
3776 associated with window {nr}. When {nr} is zero, the number of
|
|
|
3777 the buffer in the current window is returned. When window
|
|
|
3778 {nr} doesn't exist, -1 is returned.
|
|
|
3779 Example: >
|
|
|
3780 :echo "The file in the current window is " . bufname(winbufnr(0))
|
|
|
3781 <
|
|
|
3782 *wincol()*
|
|
|
3783 wincol() The result is a Number, which is the virtual column of the
|
|
|
3784 cursor in the window. This is counting screen cells from the
|
|
|
3785 left side of the window. The leftmost column is one.
|
|
|
3786
|
|
|
3787 winheight({nr}) *winheight()*
|
|
|
3788 The result is a Number, which is the height of window {nr}.
|
|
|
3789 When {nr} is zero, the height of the current window is
|
|
|
3790 returned. When window {nr} doesn't exist, -1 is returned.
|
|
|
3791 An existing window always has a height of zero or more.
|
|
|
3792 Examples: >
|
|
|
3793 :echo "The current window has " . winheight(0) . " lines."
|
|
|
3794 <
|
|
|
3795 *winline()*
|
|
|
3796 winline() The result is a Number, which is the screen line of the cursor
|
|
|
3797 in the window. This is counting screen lines from the top of
|
|
|
3798 the window. The first line is one.
|
|
|
3799
|
|
|
3800 *winnr()*
|
|
20
|
3801 winnr([{arg}]) The result is a Number, which is the number of the current
|
|
|
3802 window. The top window has number 1.
|
|
|
3803 When the optional argument is "$", the number of the
|
|
|
3804 last window is returnd (the window count).
|
|
|
3805 When the optional argument is "#", the number of the last
|
|
|
3806 accessed window is returned (where |CTRL-W_p| goes to).
|
|
|
3807 If there is no previous window 0 is returned.
|
|
|
3808 The number can be used with |CTRL-W_w| and ":wincmd w"
|
|
|
3809 |:wincmd|.
|
|
7
|
3810
|
|
|
3811 *winrestcmd()*
|
|
|
3812 winrestcmd() Returns a sequence of |:resize| commands that should restore
|
|
|
3813 the current window sizes. Only works properly when no windows
|
|
|
3814 are opened or closed and the current window is unchanged.
|
|
|
3815 Example: >
|
|
|
3816 :let cmd = winrestcmd()
|
|
|
3817 :call MessWithWindowSizes()
|
|
|
3818 :exe cmd
|
|
|
3819
|
|
|
3820 winwidth({nr}) *winwidth()*
|
|
|
3821 The result is a Number, which is the width of window {nr}.
|
|
|
3822 When {nr} is zero, the width of the current window is
|
|
|
3823 returned. When window {nr} doesn't exist, -1 is returned.
|
|
|
3824 An existing window always has a width of zero or more.
|
|
|
3825 Examples: >
|
|
|
3826 :echo "The current window has " . winwidth(0) . " columns."
|
|
|
3827 :if winwidth(0) <= 50
|
|
|
3828 : exe "normal 50\<C-W>|"
|
|
|
3829 :endif
|
|
|
3830 <
|
|
|
3831
|
|
|
3832 *feature-list*
|
|
|
3833 There are three types of features:
|
|
|
3834 1. Features that are only supported when they have been enabled when Vim
|
|
|
3835 was compiled |+feature-list|. Example: >
|
|
|
3836 :if has("cindent")
|
|
|
3837 2. Features that are only supported when certain conditions have been met.
|
|
|
3838 Example: >
|
|
|
3839 :if has("gui_running")
|
|
|
3840 < *has-patch*
|
|
|
3841 3. Included patches. First check |v:version| for the version of Vim.
|
|
|
3842 Then the "patch123" feature means that patch 123 has been included for
|
|
|
3843 this version. Example (checking version 6.2.148 or later): >
|
|
|
3844 :if v:version > 602 || v:version == 602 && has("patch148")
|
|
|
3845
|
|
|
3846 all_builtin_terms Compiled with all builtin terminals enabled.
|
|
|
3847 amiga Amiga version of Vim.
|
|
|
3848 arabic Compiled with Arabic support |Arabic|.
|
|
|
3849 arp Compiled with ARP support (Amiga).
|
|
|
3850 autocmd Compiled with autocommands support.
|
|
|
3851 balloon_eval Compiled with |balloon-eval| support.
|
|
|
3852 beos BeOS version of Vim.
|
|
|
3853 browse Compiled with |:browse| support, and browse() will
|
|
|
3854 work.
|
|
|
3855 builtin_terms Compiled with some builtin terminals.
|
|
|
3856 byte_offset Compiled with support for 'o' in 'statusline'
|
|
|
3857 cindent Compiled with 'cindent' support.
|
|
|
3858 clientserver Compiled with remote invocation support |clientserver|.
|
|
|
3859 clipboard Compiled with 'clipboard' support.
|
|
|
3860 cmdline_compl Compiled with |cmdline-completion| support.
|
|
|
3861 cmdline_hist Compiled with |cmdline-history| support.
|
|
|
3862 cmdline_info Compiled with 'showcmd' and 'ruler' support.
|
|
|
3863 comments Compiled with |'comments'| support.
|
|
|
3864 cryptv Compiled with encryption support |encryption|.
|
|
|
3865 cscope Compiled with |cscope| support.
|
|
|
3866 compatible Compiled to be very Vi compatible.
|
|
|
3867 debug Compiled with "DEBUG" defined.
|
|
|
3868 dialog_con Compiled with console dialog support.
|
|
|
3869 dialog_gui Compiled with GUI dialog support.
|
|
|
3870 diff Compiled with |vimdiff| and 'diff' support.
|
|
|
3871 digraphs Compiled with support for digraphs.
|
|
|
3872 dnd Compiled with support for the "~ register |quote_~|.
|
|
|
3873 dos32 32 bits DOS (DJGPP) version of Vim.
|
|
|
3874 dos16 16 bits DOS version of Vim.
|
|
|
3875 ebcdic Compiled on a machine with ebcdic character set.
|
|
|
3876 emacs_tags Compiled with support for Emacs tags.
|
|
|
3877 eval Compiled with expression evaluation support. Always
|
|
|
3878 true, of course!
|
|
|
3879 ex_extra Compiled with extra Ex commands |+ex_extra|.
|
|
|
3880 extra_search Compiled with support for |'incsearch'| and
|
|
|
3881 |'hlsearch'|
|
|
|
3882 farsi Compiled with Farsi support |farsi|.
|
|
|
3883 file_in_path Compiled with support for |gf| and |<cfile>|
|
|
|
3884 find_in_path Compiled with support for include file searches
|
|
|
3885 |+find_in_path|.
|
|
|
3886 fname_case Case in file names matters (for Amiga, MS-DOS, and
|
|
|
3887 Windows this is not present).
|
|
|
3888 folding Compiled with |folding| support.
|
|
|
3889 footer Compiled with GUI footer support. |gui-footer|
|
|
|
3890 fork Compiled to use fork()/exec() instead of system().
|
|
|
3891 gettext Compiled with message translation |multi-lang|
|
|
|
3892 gui Compiled with GUI enabled.
|
|
|
3893 gui_athena Compiled with Athena GUI.
|
|
9
|
3894 gui_beos Compiled with BeOS GUI.
|
|
7
|
3895 gui_gtk Compiled with GTK+ GUI (any version).
|
|
|
3896 gui_gtk2 Compiled with GTK+ 2 GUI (gui_gtk is also defined).
|
|
11
|
3897 gui_kde Compiled with KDE GUI |KVim|
|
|
7
|
3898 gui_mac Compiled with Macintosh GUI.
|
|
|
3899 gui_motif Compiled with Motif GUI.
|
|
|
3900 gui_photon Compiled with Photon GUI.
|
|
|
3901 gui_win32 Compiled with MS Windows Win32 GUI.
|
|
|
3902 gui_win32s idem, and Win32s system being used (Windows 3.1)
|
|
|
3903 gui_running Vim is running in the GUI, or it will start soon.
|
|
|
3904 hangul_input Compiled with Hangul input support. |hangul|
|
|
|
3905 iconv Can use iconv() for conversion.
|
|
|
3906 insert_expand Compiled with support for CTRL-X expansion commands in
|
|
|
3907 Insert mode.
|
|
|
3908 jumplist Compiled with |jumplist| support.
|
|
|
3909 keymap Compiled with 'keymap' support.
|
|
|
3910 langmap Compiled with 'langmap' support.
|
|
|
3911 libcall Compiled with |libcall()| support.
|
|
|
3912 linebreak Compiled with 'linebreak', 'breakat' and 'showbreak'
|
|
|
3913 support.
|
|
|
3914 lispindent Compiled with support for lisp indenting.
|
|
|
3915 listcmds Compiled with commands for the buffer list |:files|
|
|
|
3916 and the argument list |arglist|.
|
|
|
3917 localmap Compiled with local mappings and abbr. |:map-local|
|
|
|
3918 mac Macintosh version of Vim.
|
|
|
3919 macunix Macintosh version of Vim, using Unix files (OS-X).
|
|
|
3920 menu Compiled with support for |:menu|.
|
|
|
3921 mksession Compiled with support for |:mksession|.
|
|
|
3922 modify_fname Compiled with file name modifiers. |filename-modifiers|
|
|
|
3923 mouse Compiled with support mouse.
|
|
|
3924 mouseshape Compiled with support for 'mouseshape'.
|
|
|
3925 mouse_dec Compiled with support for Dec terminal mouse.
|
|
|
3926 mouse_gpm Compiled with support for gpm (Linux console mouse)
|
|
|
3927 mouse_netterm Compiled with support for netterm mouse.
|
|
|
3928 mouse_pterm Compiled with support for qnx pterm mouse.
|
|
|
3929 mouse_xterm Compiled with support for xterm mouse.
|
|
|
3930 multi_byte Compiled with support for editing Korean et al.
|
|
|
3931 multi_byte_ime Compiled with support for IME input method.
|
|
|
3932 multi_lang Compiled with support for multiple languages.
|
|
14
|
3933 mzscheme Compiled with MzScheme interface |mzscheme|.
|
|
7
|
3934 netbeans_intg Compiled with support for |netbeans|.
|
|
33
|
3935 netbeans_enabled Compiled with support for |netbeans| and it's used.
|
|
7
|
3936 ole Compiled with OLE automation support for Win32.
|
|
|
3937 os2 OS/2 version of Vim.
|
|
|
3938 osfiletype Compiled with support for osfiletypes |+osfiletype|
|
|
|
3939 path_extra Compiled with up/downwards search in 'path' and 'tags'
|
|
|
3940 perl Compiled with Perl interface.
|
|
|
3941 postscript Compiled with PostScript file printing.
|
|
|
3942 printer Compiled with |:hardcopy| support.
|
|
|
3943 python Compiled with Python interface.
|
|
|
3944 qnx QNX version of Vim.
|
|
|
3945 quickfix Compiled with |quickfix| support.
|
|
|
3946 rightleft Compiled with 'rightleft' support.
|
|
|
3947 ruby Compiled with Ruby interface |ruby|.
|
|
|
3948 scrollbind Compiled with 'scrollbind' support.
|
|
|
3949 showcmd Compiled with 'showcmd' support.
|
|
|
3950 signs Compiled with |:sign| support.
|
|
|
3951 smartindent Compiled with 'smartindent' support.
|
|
9
|
3952 sniff Compiled with SNiFF interface support.
|
|
7
|
3953 statusline Compiled with support for 'statusline', 'rulerformat'
|
|
|
3954 and special formats of 'titlestring' and 'iconstring'.
|
|
|
3955 sun_workshop Compiled with support for Sun |workshop|.
|
|
|
3956 syntax Compiled with syntax highlighting support.
|
|
|
3957 syntax_items There are active syntax highlighting items for the
|
|
|
3958 current buffer.
|
|
|
3959 system Compiled to use system() instead of fork()/exec().
|
|
|
3960 tag_binary Compiled with binary searching in tags files
|
|
|
3961 |tag-binary-search|.
|
|
|
3962 tag_old_static Compiled with support for old static tags
|
|
|
3963 |tag-old-static|.
|
|
|
3964 tag_any_white Compiled with support for any white characters in tags
|
|
|
3965 files |tag-any-white|.
|
|
|
3966 tcl Compiled with Tcl interface.
|
|
|
3967 terminfo Compiled with terminfo instead of termcap.
|
|
|
3968 termresponse Compiled with support for |t_RV| and |v:termresponse|.
|
|
|
3969 textobjects Compiled with support for |text-objects|.
|
|
|
3970 tgetent Compiled with tgetent support, able to use a termcap
|
|
|
3971 or terminfo file.
|
|
|
3972 title Compiled with window title support |'title'|.
|
|
|
3973 toolbar Compiled with support for |gui-toolbar|.
|
|
|
3974 unix Unix version of Vim.
|
|
|
3975 user_commands User-defined commands.
|
|
|
3976 viminfo Compiled with viminfo support.
|
|
|
3977 vim_starting True while initial source'ing takes place.
|
|
|
3978 vertsplit Compiled with vertically split windows |:vsplit|.
|
|
|
3979 virtualedit Compiled with 'virtualedit' option.
|
|
|
3980 visual Compiled with Visual mode.
|
|
|
3981 visualextra Compiled with extra Visual mode commands.
|
|
|
3982 |blockwise-operators|.
|
|
|
3983 vms VMS version of Vim.
|
|
|
3984 vreplace Compiled with |gR| and |gr| commands.
|
|
|
3985 wildignore Compiled with 'wildignore' option.
|
|
|
3986 wildmenu Compiled with 'wildmenu' option.
|
|
|
3987 windows Compiled with support for more than one window.
|
|
|
3988 winaltkeys Compiled with 'winaltkeys' option.
|
|
|
3989 win16 Win16 version of Vim (MS-Windows 3.1).
|
|
|
3990 win32 Win32 version of Vim (MS-Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP).
|
|
|
3991 win64 Win64 version of Vim (MS-Windows 64 bit).
|
|
|
3992 win32unix Win32 version of Vim, using Unix files (Cygwin)
|
|
|
3993 win95 Win32 version for MS-Windows 95/98/ME.
|
|
|
3994 writebackup Compiled with 'writebackup' default on.
|
|
|
3995 xfontset Compiled with X fontset support |xfontset|.
|
|
|
3996 xim Compiled with X input method support |xim|.
|
|
|
3997 xsmp Compiled with X session management support.
|
|
|
3998 xsmp_interact Compiled with interactive X session management support.
|
|
|
3999 xterm_clipboard Compiled with support for xterm clipboard.
|
|
|
4000 xterm_save Compiled with support for saving and restoring the
|
|
|
4001 xterm screen.
|
|
|
4002 x11 Compiled with X11 support.
|
|
|
4003
|
|
|
4004 *string-match*
|
|
|
4005 Matching a pattern in a String
|
|
|
4006
|
|
|
4007 A regexp pattern as explained at |pattern| is normally used to find a match in
|
|
|
4008 the buffer lines. When a pattern is used to find a match in a String, almost
|
|
|
4009 everything works in the same way. The difference is that a String is handled
|
|
|
4010 like it is one line. When it contains a "\n" character, this is not seen as a
|
|
|
4011 line break for the pattern. It can be matched with a "\n" in the pattern, or
|
|
|
4012 with ".". Example: >
|
|
|
4013 :let a = "aaaa\nxxxx"
|
|
|
4014 :echo matchstr(a, "..\n..")
|
|
|
4015 aa
|
|
|
4016 xx
|
|
|
4017 :echo matchstr(a, "a.x")
|
|
|
4018 a
|
|
|
4019 x
|
|
|
4020
|
|
|
4021 Don't forget that "^" will only match at the first character of the String and
|
|
|
4022 "$" at the last character of the string. They don't match after or before a
|
|
|
4023 "\n".
|
|
|
4024
|
|
|
4025 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
4026 5. Defining functions *user-functions*
|
|
|
4027
|
|
|
4028 New functions can be defined. These can be called just like builtin
|
|
|
4029 functions. The function executes a sequence of Ex commands. Normal mode
|
|
|
4030 commands can be executed with the |:normal| command.
|
|
|
4031
|
|
|
4032 The function name must start with an uppercase letter, to avoid confusion with
|
|
|
4033 builtin functions. To prevent from using the same name in different scripts
|
|
|
4034 avoid obvious, short names. A good habit is to start the function name with
|
|
|
4035 the name of the script, e.g., "HTMLcolor()".
|
|
|
4036
|
|
|
4037 It's also possible to use curly braces, see |curly-braces-names|.
|
|
|
4038
|
|
|
4039 *local-function*
|
|
|
4040 A function local to a script must start with "s:". A local script function
|
|
|
4041 can only be called from within the script and from functions, user commands
|
|
|
4042 and autocommands defined in the script. It is also possible to call the
|
|
|
4043 function from a mappings defined in the script, but then |<SID>| must be used
|
|
|
4044 instead of "s:" when the mapping is expanded outside of the script.
|
|
|
4045
|
|
|
4046 *:fu* *:function* *E128* *E129* *E123*
|
|
|
4047 :fu[nction] List all functions and their arguments.
|
|
|
4048
|
|
|
4049 :fu[nction] {name} List function {name}.
|
|
114
|
4050 {name} can also be a Dictionary entry that is a
|
|
|
4051 Funcref: >
|
|
|
4052 :function dict.init
|
|
|
4053 < *E124* *E125*
|
|
102
|
4054 :fu[nction][!] {name}([arguments]) [range] [abort] [dict]
|
|
7
|
4055 Define a new function by the name {name}. The name
|
|
|
4056 must be made of alphanumeric characters and '_', and
|
|
|
4057 must start with a capital or "s:" (see above).
|
|
114
|
4058
|
|
|
4059 {name} can also be a Dictionary entry that is a
|
|
|
4060 Funcref: >
|
|
|
4061 :function dict.init(arg)
|
|
|
4062 < "dict" must be an existing dictionary. The entry
|
|
|
4063 "init" is added if it didn't exist yet. Otherwise [!]
|
|
|
4064 is required to overwrite an existing function. The
|
|
|
4065 result is a |Funcref| to a numbered function. The
|
|
|
4066 function can only be used with a |Funcref| and will be
|
|
|
4067 deleted if there are no more references to it.
|
|
7
|
4068 *function-argument* *a:var*
|
|
|
4069 An argument can be defined by giving its name. In the
|
|
|
4070 function this can then be used as "a:name" ("a:" for
|
|
|
4071 argument).
|
|
|
4072 Up to 20 arguments can be given, separated by commas.
|
|
|
4073 Finally, an argument "..." can be specified, which
|
|
|
4074 means that more arguments may be following. In the
|
|
|
4075 function they can be used as "a:1", "a:2", etc. "a:0"
|
|
|
4076 is set to the number of extra arguments (which can be
|
|
|
4077 0).
|
|
|
4078 When not using "...", the number of arguments in a
|
|
|
4079 function call must be equal to the number of named
|
|
|
4080 arguments. When using "...", the number of arguments
|
|
|
4081 may be larger.
|
|
|
4082 It is also possible to define a function without any
|
|
|
4083 arguments. You must still supply the () then.
|
|
|
4084 The body of the function follows in the next lines,
|
|
|
4085 until the matching |:endfunction|. It is allowed to
|
|
|
4086 define another function inside a function body.
|
|
|
4087 *E127* *E122*
|
|
|
4088 When a function by this name already exists and [!] is
|
|
|
4089 not used an error message is given. When [!] is used,
|
|
|
4090 an existing function is silently replaced. Unless it
|
|
|
4091 is currently being executed, that is an error.
|
|
|
4092 *a:firstline* *a:lastline*
|
|
|
4093 When the [range] argument is added, the function is
|
|
|
4094 expected to take care of a range itself. The range is
|
|
|
4095 passed as "a:firstline" and "a:lastline". If [range]
|
|
|
4096 is excluded, ":{range}call" will call the function for
|
|
|
4097 each line in the range, with the cursor on the start
|
|
|
4098 of each line. See |function-range-example|.
|
|
114
|
4099
|
|
7
|
4100 When the [abort] argument is added, the function will
|
|
|
4101 abort as soon as an error is detected.
|
|
|
4102 The last used search pattern and the redo command "."
|
|
|
4103 will not be changed by the function.
|
|
114
|
4104
|
|
102
|
4105 When the [dict] argument is added, the function must
|
|
|
4106 be invoked through an entry in a Dictionary. The
|
|
|
4107 local variable "self" will then be set to the
|
|
|
4108 dictionary. See |Dictionary-function|.
|
|
7
|
4109
|
|
|
4110 *:endf* *:endfunction* *E126* *E193*
|
|
|
4111 :endf[unction] The end of a function definition. Must be on a line
|
|
|
4112 by its own, without other commands.
|
|
|
4113
|
|
|
4114 *:delf* *:delfunction* *E130* *E131*
|
|
|
4115 :delf[unction] {name} Delete function {name}.
|
|
114
|
4116 {name} can also be a Dictionary entry that is a
|
|
|
4117 Funcref: >
|
|
|
4118 :delfunc dict.init
|
|
|
4119 < This will remove the "init" entry from "dict". The
|
|
|
4120 function is deleted if there are no more references to
|
|
|
4121 it.
|
|
7
|
4122 *:retu* *:return* *E133*
|
|
|
4123 :retu[rn] [expr] Return from a function. When "[expr]" is given, it is
|
|
|
4124 evaluated and returned as the result of the function.
|
|
|
4125 If "[expr]" is not given, the number 0 is returned.
|
|
|
4126 When a function ends without an explicit ":return",
|
|
|
4127 the number 0 is returned.
|
|
|
4128 Note that there is no check for unreachable lines,
|
|
|
4129 thus there is no warning if commands follow ":return".
|
|
|
4130
|
|
|
4131 If the ":return" is used after a |:try| but before the
|
|
|
4132 matching |:finally| (if present), the commands
|
|
|
4133 following the ":finally" up to the matching |:endtry|
|
|
|
4134 are executed first. This process applies to all
|
|
|
4135 nested ":try"s inside the function. The function
|
|
|
4136 returns at the outermost ":endtry".
|
|
|
4137
|
|
|
4138
|
|
|
4139 Inside a function variables can be used. These are local variables, which
|
|
|
4140 will disappear when the function returns. Global variables need to be
|
|
|
4141 accessed with "g:".
|
|
|
4142
|
|
|
4143 Example: >
|
|
|
4144 :function Table(title, ...)
|
|
|
4145 : echohl Title
|
|
|
4146 : echo a:title
|
|
|
4147 : echohl None
|
|
|
4148 : let idx = 1
|
|
|
4149 : while idx <= a:0
|
|
|
4150 : echo a:{idx} . ' '
|
|
|
4151 : let idx = idx + 1
|
|
|
4152 : endwhile
|
|
|
4153 : return idx
|
|
|
4154 :endfunction
|
|
|
4155
|
|
|
4156 This function can then be called with: >
|
|
|
4157 let lines = Table("Table", "line1", "line2")
|
|
|
4158 let lines = Table("Empty Table")
|
|
|
4159
|
|
|
4160 To return more than one value, pass the name of a global variable: >
|
|
|
4161 :function Compute(n1, n2, divname)
|
|
|
4162 : if a:n2 == 0
|
|
|
4163 : return "fail"
|
|
|
4164 : endif
|
|
|
4165 : let g:{a:divname} = a:n1 / a:n2
|
|
|
4166 : return "ok"
|
|
|
4167 :endfunction
|
|
|
4168
|
|
|
4169 This function can then be called with: >
|
|
|
4170 :let success = Compute(13, 1324, "div")
|
|
|
4171 :if success == "ok"
|
|
|
4172 : echo div
|
|
|
4173 :endif
|
|
|
4174
|
|
|
4175 An alternative is to return a command that can be executed. This also works
|
|
|
4176 with local variables in a calling function. Example: >
|
|
|
4177 :function Foo()
|
|
|
4178 : execute Bar()
|
|
|
4179 : echo "line " . lnum . " column " . col
|
|
|
4180 :endfunction
|
|
|
4181
|
|
|
4182 :function Bar()
|
|
|
4183 : return "let lnum = " . line(".") . " | let col = " . col(".")
|
|
|
4184 :endfunction
|
|
|
4185
|
|
|
4186 The names "lnum" and "col" could also be passed as argument to Bar(), to allow
|
|
|
4187 the caller to set the names.
|
|
|
4188
|
|
|
4189 *:cal* *:call* *E107*
|
|
|
4190 :[range]cal[l] {name}([arguments])
|
|
|
4191 Call a function. The name of the function and its arguments
|
|
|
4192 are as specified with |:function|. Up to 20 arguments can be
|
|
|
4193 used.
|
|
|
4194 Without a range and for functions that accept a range, the
|
|
|
4195 function is called once. When a range is given the cursor is
|
|
|
4196 positioned at the start of the first line before executing the
|
|
|
4197 function.
|
|
|
4198 When a range is given and the function doesn't handle it
|
|
|
4199 itself, the function is executed for each line in the range,
|
|
|
4200 with the cursor in the first column of that line. The cursor
|
|
|
4201 is left at the last line (possibly moved by the last function
|
|
|
4202 call). The arguments are re-evaluated for each line. Thus
|
|
|
4203 this works:
|
|
|
4204 *function-range-example* >
|
|
|
4205 :function Mynumber(arg)
|
|
|
4206 : echo line(".") . " " . a:arg
|
|
|
4207 :endfunction
|
|
|
4208 :1,5call Mynumber(getline("."))
|
|
|
4209 <
|
|
|
4210 The "a:firstline" and "a:lastline" are defined anyway, they
|
|
|
4211 can be used to do something different at the start or end of
|
|
|
4212 the range.
|
|
|
4213
|
|
|
4214 Example of a function that handles the range itself: >
|
|
|
4215
|
|
|
4216 :function Cont() range
|
|
|
4217 : execute (a:firstline + 1) . "," . a:lastline . 's/^/\t\\ '
|
|
|
4218 :endfunction
|
|
|
4219 :4,8call Cont()
|
|
|
4220 <
|
|
|
4221 This function inserts the continuation character "\" in front
|
|
|
4222 of all the lines in the range, except the first one.
|
|
|
4223
|
|
|
4224 *E132*
|
|
|
4225 The recursiveness of user functions is restricted with the |'maxfuncdepth'|
|
|
|
4226 option.
|
|
|
4227
|
|
|
4228 *autoload-functions*
|
|
|
4229 When using many or large functions, it's possible to automatically define them
|
|
|
4230 only when they are used. Use the FuncUndefined autocommand event with a
|
|
|
4231 pattern that matches the function(s) to be defined. Example: >
|
|
|
4232
|
|
|
4233 :au FuncUndefined BufNet* source ~/vim/bufnetfuncs.vim
|
|
|
4234
|
|
|
4235 The file "~/vim/bufnetfuncs.vim" should then define functions that start with
|
|
|
4236 "BufNet". Also see |FuncUndefined|.
|
|
|
4237
|
|
|
4238 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
4239 6. Curly braces names *curly-braces-names*
|
|
|
4240
|
|
|
4241 Wherever you can use a variable, you can use a "curly braces name" variable.
|
|
|
4242 This is a regular variable name with one or more expressions wrapped in braces
|
|
|
4243 {} like this: >
|
|
|
4244 my_{adjective}_variable
|
|
|
4245
|
|
|
4246 When Vim encounters this, it evaluates the expression inside the braces, puts
|
|
|
4247 that in place of the expression, and re-interprets the whole as a variable
|
|
|
4248 name. So in the above example, if the variable "adjective" was set to
|
|
|
4249 "noisy", then the reference would be to "my_noisy_variable", whereas if
|
|
|
4250 "adjective" was set to "quiet", then it would be to "my_quiet_variable".
|
|
|
4251
|
|
|
4252 One application for this is to create a set of variables governed by an option
|
|
|
4253 value. For example, the statement >
|
|
|
4254 echo my_{&background}_message
|
|
|
4255
|
|
|
4256 would output the contents of "my_dark_message" or "my_light_message" depending
|
|
|
4257 on the current value of 'background'.
|
|
|
4258
|
|
|
4259 You can use multiple brace pairs: >
|
|
|
4260 echo my_{adverb}_{adjective}_message
|
|
|
4261 ..or even nest them: >
|
|
|
4262 echo my_{ad{end_of_word}}_message
|
|
|
4263 where "end_of_word" is either "verb" or "jective".
|
|
|
4264
|
|
|
4265 However, the expression inside the braces must evaluate to a valid single
|
|
|
4266 variable name. e.g. this is invalid: >
|
|
|
4267 :let foo='a + b'
|
|
|
4268 :echo c{foo}d
|
|
|
4269 .. since the result of expansion is "ca + bd", which is not a variable name.
|
|
|
4270
|
|
|
4271 *curly-braces-function-names*
|
|
|
4272 You can call and define functions by an evaluated name in a similar way.
|
|
|
4273 Example: >
|
|
|
4274 :let func_end='whizz'
|
|
|
4275 :call my_func_{func_end}(parameter)
|
|
|
4276
|
|
|
4277 This would call the function "my_func_whizz(parameter)".
|
|
|
4278
|
|
|
4279 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
4280 7. Commands *expression-commands*
|
|
|
4281
|
|
|
4282 :let {var-name} = {expr1} *:let* *E18*
|
|
|
4283 Set internal variable {var-name} to the result of the
|
|
|
4284 expression {expr1}. The variable will get the type
|
|
|
4285 from the {expr}. If {var-name} didn't exist yet, it
|
|
|
4286 is created.
|
|
|
4287
|
|
85
|
4288 :let {var-name}[{idx}] = {expr1} *E689*
|
|
|
4289 Set a list item to the result of the expression
|
|
|
4290 {expr1}. {var-name} must refer to a list and {idx}
|
|
|
4291 must be a valid index in that list. For nested list
|
|
|
4292 the index can be repeated.
|
|
|
4293 This cannot be used to add an item to a list.
|
|
|
4294
|
|
114
|
4295 *E711* *E719*
|
|
|
4296 :let {var-name}[{idx1}:{idx2}] = {expr1} *E708* *E709* *E710*
|
|
87
|
4297 Set a sequence of items in a List to the result of the
|
|
|
4298 expression {expr1}, which must be a list with the
|
|
|
4299 correct number of items.
|
|
|
4300 {idx1} can be omitted, zero is used instead.
|
|
|
4301 {idx2} can be omitted, meaning the end of the list.
|
|
|
4302 When the selected range of items is partly past the
|
|
|
4303 end of the list, items will be added.
|
|
|
4304
|
|
114
|
4305 :let {var} += {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} + {expr1}".
|
|
|
4306 :let {var} -= {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} - {expr1}".
|
|
|
4307 :let {var} .= {expr1} Like ":let {var} = {var} . {expr1}".
|
|
|
4308 These fail if {var} was not set yet and when the type
|
|
|
4309 of {var} and {expr1} don't fit the operator.
|
|
|
4310
|
|
|
4311
|
|
7
|
4312 :let ${env-name} = {expr1} *:let-environment* *:let-$*
|
|
|
4313 Set environment variable {env-name} to the result of
|
|
|
4314 the expression {expr1}. The type is always String.
|
|
114
|
4315 :let ${env-name} .= {expr1}
|
|
|
4316 Append {expr1} to the environment variable {env-name}.
|
|
|
4317 If the environment variable didn't exist yet this
|
|
|
4318 works like "=".
|
|
7
|
4319
|
|
|
4320 :let @{reg-name} = {expr1} *:let-register* *:let-@*
|
|
|
4321 Write the result of the expression {expr1} in register
|
|
|
4322 {reg-name}. {reg-name} must be a single letter, and
|
|
|
4323 must be the name of a writable register (see
|
|
|
4324 |registers|). "@@" can be used for the unnamed
|
|
|
4325 register, "@/" for the search pattern.
|
|
|
4326 If the result of {expr1} ends in a <CR> or <NL>, the
|
|
|
4327 register will be linewise, otherwise it will be set to
|
|
|
4328 characterwise.
|
|
|
4329 This can be used to clear the last search pattern: >
|
|
|
4330 :let @/ = ""
|
|
|
4331 < This is different from searching for an empty string,
|
|
|
4332 that would match everywhere.
|
|
|
4333
|
|
114
|
4334 :let @{reg-name} .= {expr1}
|
|
|
4335 Append {expr1} to register {reg-name}. If the
|
|
|
4336 register was empty it's like setting it to {expr1}.
|
|
|
4337
|
|
7
|
4338 :let &{option-name} = {expr1} *:let-option* *:let-star*
|
|
|
4339 Set option {option-name} to the result of the
|
|
68
|
4340 expression {expr1}. A String or Number value is
|
|
|
4341 always converted to the type of the option.
|
|
7
|
4342 For an option local to a window or buffer the effect
|
|
|
4343 is just like using the |:set| command: both the local
|
|
|
4344 value and the global value is changed.
|
|
68
|
4345 Example: >
|
|
|
4346 :let &path = &path . ',/usr/local/include'
|
|
7
|
4347
|
|
114
|
4348 :let &{option-name} .= {expr1}
|
|
|
4349 For a string option: Append {expr1} to the value.
|
|
|
4350 Does not insert a comma like |:set+=|.
|
|
|
4351
|
|
|
4352 :let &{option-name} += {expr1}
|
|
|
4353 :let &{option-name} -= {expr1}
|
|
|
4354 For a number or boolean option: Add or subtract
|
|
|
4355 {expr1}.
|
|
|
4356
|
|
7
|
4357 :let &l:{option-name} = {expr1}
|
|
114
|
4358 :let &l:{option-name} .= {expr1}
|
|
|
4359 :let &l:{option-name} += {expr1}
|
|
|
4360 :let &l:{option-name} -= {expr1}
|
|
7
|
4361 Like above, but only set the local value of an option
|
|
|
4362 (if there is one). Works like |:setlocal|.
|
|
|
4363
|
|
|
4364 :let &g:{option-name} = {expr1}
|
|
114
|
4365 :let &g:{option-name} .= {expr1}
|
|
|
4366 :let &g:{option-name} += {expr1}
|
|
|
4367 :let &g:{option-name} -= {expr1}
|
|
7
|
4368 Like above, but only set the global value of an option
|
|
|
4369 (if there is one). Works like |:setglobal|.
|
|
|
4370
|
|
85
|
4371 :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] = {expr1} *:let-unpack* *E687* *E688*
|
|
68
|
4372 {expr1} must evaluate to a List. The first item in
|
|
|
4373 the list is assigned to {name1}, the second item to
|
|
|
4374 {name2}, etc.
|
|
|
4375 The number of names must match the number of items in
|
|
|
4376 the List.
|
|
|
4377 Each name can be one of the items of the ":let"
|
|
|
4378 command as mentioned above.
|
|
|
4379 Example: >
|
|
|
4380 :let [s, item] = GetItem(s)
|
|
114
|
4381 < Detail: {expr1} is evaluated first, then the
|
|
|
4382 assignments are done in sequence. This matters if
|
|
|
4383 {name2} depends on {name1}. Example: >
|
|
|
4384 :let x = [0, 1]
|
|
|
4385 :let i = 0
|
|
|
4386 :let [i, x[i]] = [1, 2]
|
|
|
4387 :echo x
|
|
|
4388 < The result is [0, 2].
|
|
|
4389
|
|
|
4390 :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] .= {expr1}
|
|
|
4391 :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] += {expr1}
|
|
|
4392 :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] -= {expr1}
|
|
|
4393 Like above, but append/add/subtract the value for each
|
|
|
4394 List item.
|
|
68
|
4395
|
|
|
4396 :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] = {expr1}
|
|
114
|
4397 Like |let-unpack| above, but the List may have more
|
|
|
4398 items than there are names. A list of the remaining
|
|
|
4399 items is assigned to {lastname}. If there are no
|
|
|
4400 remaining items {lastname} is set to an empty list.
|
|
68
|
4401 Example: >
|
|
|
4402 :let [a, b; rest] = ["aval", "bval", 3, 4]
|
|
|
4403 <
|
|
114
|
4404 :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] .= {expr1}
|
|
|
4405 :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] += {expr1}
|
|
|
4406 :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] -= {expr1}
|
|
|
4407 Like above, but append/add/subtract the value for each
|
|
|
4408 List item.
|
|
7
|
4409 *E106*
|
|
114
|
4410 :let {var-name} .. List the value of variable {var-name}. Multiple
|
|
7
|
4411 variable names may be given.
|
|
|
4412
|
|
55
|
4413 :let List the values of all variables. The type of the
|
|
|
4414 variable is indicated before the value:
|
|
|
4415 <nothing> String
|
|
|
4416 # Number
|
|
|
4417 * Funcref
|
|
7
|
4418
|
|
|
4419 *:unlet* *:unl* *E108*
|
|
|
4420 :unl[et][!] {var-name} ...
|
|
|
4421 Remove the internal variable {var-name}. Several
|
|
|
4422 variable names can be given, they are all removed.
|
|
|
4423 With [!] no error message is given for non-existing
|
|
|
4424 variables.
|
|
108
|
4425 One or more items from a List can be removed: >
|
|
|
4426 :unlet list[3] " remove fourth item
|
|
|
4427 :unlet list[3:] " remove fourth item to last
|
|
|
4428 < One item from a Dictionary can be removed at a time: >
|
|
|
4429 :unlet dict['two']
|
|
|
4430 :unlet dict.two
|
|
7
|
4431
|
|
|
4432 :if {expr1} *:if* *:endif* *:en* *E171* *E579* *E580*
|
|
|
4433 :en[dif] Execute the commands until the next matching ":else"
|
|
|
4434 or ":endif" if {expr1} evaluates to non-zero.
|
|
|
4435
|
|
|
4436 From Vim version 4.5 until 5.0, every Ex command in
|
|
|
4437 between the ":if" and ":endif" is ignored. These two
|
|
|
4438 commands were just to allow for future expansions in a
|
|
|
4439 backwards compatible way. Nesting was allowed. Note
|
|
|
4440 that any ":else" or ":elseif" was ignored, the "else"
|
|
|
4441 part was not executed either.
|
|
|
4442
|
|
|
4443 You can use this to remain compatible with older
|
|
|
4444 versions: >
|
|
|
4445 :if version >= 500
|
|
|
4446 : version-5-specific-commands
|
|
|
4447 :endif
|
|
|
4448 < The commands still need to be parsed to find the
|
|
|
4449 "endif". Sometimes an older Vim has a problem with a
|
|
|
4450 new command. For example, ":silent" is recognized as
|
|
|
4451 a ":substitute" command. In that case ":execute" can
|
|
|
4452 avoid problems: >
|
|
|
4453 :if version >= 600
|
|
|
4454 : execute "silent 1,$delete"
|
|
|
4455 :endif
|
|
|
4456 <
|
|
|
4457 NOTE: The ":append" and ":insert" commands don't work
|
|
|
4458 properly in between ":if" and ":endif".
|
|
|
4459
|
|
|
4460 *:else* *:el* *E581* *E583*
|
|
|
4461 :el[se] Execute the commands until the next matching ":else"
|
|
|
4462 or ":endif" if they previously were not being
|
|
|
4463 executed.
|
|
|
4464
|
|
|
4465 *:elseif* *:elsei* *E582* *E584*
|
|
|
4466 :elsei[f] {expr1} Short for ":else" ":if", with the addition that there
|
|
|
4467 is no extra ":endif".
|
|
|
4468
|
|
|
4469 :wh[ile] {expr1} *:while* *:endwhile* *:wh* *:endw*
|
|
114
|
4470 *E170* *E585* *E588* *E733*
|
|
7
|
4471 :endw[hile] Repeat the commands between ":while" and ":endwhile",
|
|
|
4472 as long as {expr1} evaluates to non-zero.
|
|
|
4473 When an error is detected from a command inside the
|
|
|
4474 loop, execution continues after the "endwhile".
|
|
75
|
4475 Example: >
|
|
|
4476 :let lnum = 1
|
|
|
4477 :while lnum <= line("$")
|
|
|
4478 :call FixLine(lnum)
|
|
|
4479 :let lnum = lnum + 1
|
|
|
4480 :endwhile
|
|
|
4481 <
|
|
7
|
4482 NOTE: The ":append" and ":insert" commands don't work
|
|
99
|
4483 properly inside a ":while" and ":for" loop.
|
|
75
|
4484
|
|
114
|
4485 :for {var} in {list} *:for* *E690* *E732*
|
|
75
|
4486 :endfo[r] *:endfo* *:endfor*
|
|
|
4487 Repeat the commands between ":for" and ":endfor" for
|
|
79
|
4488 each item in {list}. variable {var} is set to the
|
|
|
4489 value of each item.
|
|
|
4490 When an error is detected for a command inside the
|
|
75
|
4491 loop, execution continues after the "endfor".
|
|
79
|
4492 Changing {list} affects what items are used. Make a
|
|
|
4493 copy if this is unwanted: >
|
|
|
4494 :for item in copy(mylist)
|
|
|
4495 < When not making a copy, Vim stores a reference to the
|
|
|
4496 next item in the list, before executing the commands
|
|
|
4497 with the current item. Thus the current item can be
|
|
|
4498 removed without effect. Removing any later item means
|
|
|
4499 it will not be found. Thus the following example
|
|
|
4500 works (an inefficient way to make a list empty): >
|
|
|
4501 :for item in mylist
|
|
75
|
4502 :call remove(mylist, 0)
|
|
|
4503 :endfor
|
|
87
|
4504 < Note that reordering the list (e.g., with sort() or
|
|
|
4505 reverse()) may have unexpected effects.
|
|
|
4506 Note that the type of each list item should be
|
|
75
|
4507 identical to avoid errors for the type of {var}
|
|
|
4508 changing. Unlet the variable at the end of the loop
|
|
|
4509 to allow multiple item types.
|
|
|
4510
|
|
|
4511 :for {var} in {string}
|
|
|
4512 :endfo[r] Like ":for" above, but use each character in {string}
|
|
|
4513 as a list item.
|
|
|
4514 Composing characters are used as separate characters.
|
|
|
4515 A Number is first converted to a String.
|
|
|
4516
|
|
|
4517 :for [{var1}, {var2}, ...] in {listlist}
|
|
|
4518 :endfo[r]
|
|
|
4519 Like ":for" above, but each item in {listlist} must be
|
|
|
4520 a list, of which each item is assigned to {var1},
|
|
|
4521 {var2}, etc. Example: >
|
|
|
4522 :for [lnum, col] in [[1, 3], [2, 5], [3, 8]]
|
|
|
4523 :echo getline(lnum)[col]
|
|
|
4524 :endfor
|
|
|
4525 <
|
|
7
|
4526 *:continue* *:con* *E586*
|
|
75
|
4527 :con[tinue] When used inside a ":while" or ":for" loop, jumps back
|
|
|
4528 to the start of the loop.
|
|
|
4529 If it is used after a |:try| inside the loop but
|
|
|
4530 before the matching |:finally| (if present), the
|
|
|
4531 commands following the ":finally" up to the matching
|
|
|
4532 |:endtry| are executed first. This process applies to
|
|
|
4533 all nested ":try"s inside the loop. The outermost
|
|
|
4534 ":endtry" then jumps back to the start of the loop.
|
|
7
|
4535
|
|
|
4536 *:break* *:brea* *E587*
|
|
75
|
4537 :brea[k] When used inside a ":while" or ":for" loop, skips to
|
|
|
4538 the command after the matching ":endwhile" or
|
|
|
4539 ":endfor".
|
|
|
4540 If it is used after a |:try| inside the loop but
|
|
|
4541 before the matching |:finally| (if present), the
|
|
|
4542 commands following the ":finally" up to the matching
|
|
|
4543 |:endtry| are executed first. This process applies to
|
|
|
4544 all nested ":try"s inside the loop. The outermost
|
|
|
4545 ":endtry" then jumps to the command after the loop.
|
|
7
|
4546
|
|
|
4547 :try *:try* *:endt* *:endtry* *E600* *E601* *E602*
|
|
|
4548 :endt[ry] Change the error handling for the commands between
|
|
|
4549 ":try" and ":endtry" including everything being
|
|
|
4550 executed across ":source" commands, function calls,
|
|
|
4551 or autocommand invocations.
|
|
|
4552
|
|
|
4553 When an error or interrupt is detected and there is
|
|
|
4554 a |:finally| command following, execution continues
|
|
|
4555 after the ":finally". Otherwise, or when the
|
|
|
4556 ":endtry" is reached thereafter, the next
|
|
|
4557 (dynamically) surrounding ":try" is checked for
|
|
|
4558 a corresponding ":finally" etc. Then the script
|
|
|
4559 processing is terminated. (Whether a function
|
|
|
4560 definition has an "abort" argument does not matter.)
|
|
|
4561 Example: >
|
|
|
4562 :try | edit too much | finally | echo "cleanup" | endtry
|
|
|
4563 :echo "impossible" " not reached, script terminated above
|
|
|
4564 <
|
|
|
4565 Moreover, an error or interrupt (dynamically) inside
|
|
|
4566 ":try" and ":endtry" is converted to an exception. It
|
|
|
4567 can be caught as if it were thrown by a |:throw|
|
|
|
4568 command (see |:catch|). In this case, the script
|
|
|
4569 processing is not terminated.
|
|
|
4570
|
|
|
4571 The value "Vim:Interrupt" is used for an interrupt
|
|
|
4572 exception. An error in a Vim command is converted
|
|
|
4573 to a value of the form "Vim({command}):{errmsg}",
|
|
|
4574 other errors are converted to a value of the form
|
|
|
4575 "Vim:{errmsg}". {command} is the full command name,
|
|
|
4576 and {errmsg} is the message that is displayed if the
|
|
|
4577 error exception is not caught, always beginning with
|
|
|
4578 the error number.
|
|
|
4579 Examples: >
|
|
|
4580 :try | sleep 100 | catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/ | endtry
|
|
|
4581 :try | edit | catch /^Vim(edit):E\d\+/ | echo "error" | endtry
|
|
|
4582 <
|
|
|
4583 *:cat* *:catch* *E603* *E604* *E605*
|
|
|
4584 :cat[ch] /{pattern}/ The following commands until the next ":catch",
|
|
|
4585 |:finally|, or |:endtry| that belongs to the same
|
|
|
4586 |:try| as the ":catch" are executed when an exception
|
|
|
4587 matching {pattern} is being thrown and has not yet
|
|
|
4588 been caught by a previous ":catch". Otherwise, these
|
|
|
4589 commands are skipped.
|
|
|
4590 When {pattern} is omitted all errors are caught.
|
|
|
4591 Examples: >
|
|
|
4592 :catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/ " catch interrupts (CTRL-C)
|
|
|
4593 :catch /^Vim\%((\a\+)\)\=:E/ " catch all Vim errors
|
|
|
4594 :catch /^Vim\%((\a\+)\)\=:/ " catch errors and interrupts
|
|
|
4595 :catch /^Vim(write):/ " catch all errors in :write
|
|
|
4596 :catch /^Vim\%((\a\+)\)\=:E123/ " catch error E123
|
|
|
4597 :catch /my-exception/ " catch user exception
|
|
|
4598 :catch /.*/ " catch everything
|
|
|
4599 :catch " same as /.*/
|
|
|
4600 <
|
|
|
4601 Another character can be used instead of / around the
|
|
|
4602 {pattern}, so long as it does not have a special
|
|
|
4603 meaning (e.g., '|' or '"') and doesn't occur inside
|
|
|
4604 {pattern}.
|
|
|
4605 NOTE: It is not reliable to ":catch" the TEXT of
|
|
|
4606 an error message because it may vary in different
|
|
|
4607 locales.
|
|
|
4608
|
|
|
4609 *:fina* *:finally* *E606* *E607*
|
|
|
4610 :fina[lly] The following commands until the matching |:endtry|
|
|
|
4611 are executed whenever the part between the matching
|
|
|
4612 |:try| and the ":finally" is left: either by falling
|
|
|
4613 through to the ":finally" or by a |:continue|,
|
|
|
4614 |:break|, |:finish|, or |:return|, or by an error or
|
|
|
4615 interrupt or exception (see |:throw|).
|
|
|
4616
|
|
|
4617 *:th* *:throw* *E608*
|
|
|
4618 :th[row] {expr1} The {expr1} is evaluated and thrown as an exception.
|
|
|
4619 If the ":throw" is used after a |:try| but before the
|
|
|
4620 first corresponding |:catch|, commands are skipped
|
|
|
4621 until the first ":catch" matching {expr1} is reached.
|
|
|
4622 If there is no such ":catch" or if the ":throw" is
|
|
|
4623 used after a ":catch" but before the |:finally|, the
|
|
|
4624 commands following the ":finally" (if present) up to
|
|
|
4625 the matching |:endtry| are executed. If the ":throw"
|
|
|
4626 is after the ":finally", commands up to the ":endtry"
|
|
|
4627 are skipped. At the ":endtry", this process applies
|
|
|
4628 again for the next dynamically surrounding ":try"
|
|
|
4629 (which may be found in a calling function or sourcing
|
|
|
4630 script), until a matching ":catch" has been found.
|
|
|
4631 If the exception is not caught, the command processing
|
|
|
4632 is terminated.
|
|
|
4633 Example: >
|
|
|
4634 :try | throw "oops" | catch /^oo/ | echo "caught" | endtry
|
|
|
4635 <
|
|
|
4636
|
|
|
4637 *:ec* *:echo*
|
|
|
4638 :ec[ho] {expr1} .. Echoes each {expr1}, with a space in between. The
|
|
|
4639 first {expr1} starts on a new line.
|
|
|
4640 Also see |:comment|.
|
|
|
4641 Use "\n" to start a new line. Use "\r" to move the
|
|
|
4642 cursor to the first column.
|
|
|
4643 Uses the highlighting set by the |:echohl| command.
|
|
|
4644 Cannot be followed by a comment.
|
|
|
4645 Example: >
|
|
|
4646 :echo "the value of 'shell' is" &shell
|
|
|
4647 < A later redraw may make the message disappear again.
|
|
|
4648 To avoid that a command from before the ":echo" causes
|
|
|
4649 a redraw afterwards (redraws are often postponed until
|
|
|
4650 you type something), force a redraw with the |:redraw|
|
|
|
4651 command. Example: >
|
|
|
4652 :new | redraw | echo "there is a new window"
|
|
|
4653 <
|
|
|
4654 *:echon*
|
|
|
4655 :echon {expr1} .. Echoes each {expr1}, without anything added. Also see
|
|
|
4656 |:comment|.
|
|
|
4657 Uses the highlighting set by the |:echohl| command.
|
|
|
4658 Cannot be followed by a comment.
|
|
|
4659 Example: >
|
|
|
4660 :echon "the value of 'shell' is " &shell
|
|
|
4661 <
|
|
|
4662 Note the difference between using ":echo", which is a
|
|
|
4663 Vim command, and ":!echo", which is an external shell
|
|
|
4664 command: >
|
|
|
4665 :!echo % --> filename
|
|
|
4666 < The arguments of ":!" are expanded, see |:_%|. >
|
|
|
4667 :!echo "%" --> filename or "filename"
|
|
|
4668 < Like the previous example. Whether you see the double
|
|
|
4669 quotes or not depends on your 'shell'. >
|
|
|
4670 :echo % --> nothing
|
|
|
4671 < The '%' is an illegal character in an expression. >
|
|
|
4672 :echo "%" --> %
|
|
|
4673 < This just echoes the '%' character. >
|
|
|
4674 :echo expand("%") --> filename
|
|
|
4675 < This calls the expand() function to expand the '%'.
|
|
|
4676
|
|
|
4677 *:echoh* *:echohl*
|
|
|
4678 :echoh[l] {name} Use the highlight group {name} for the following
|
|
|
4679 |:echo|, |:echon| and |:echomsg| commands. Also used
|
|
|
4680 for the |input()| prompt. Example: >
|
|
|
4681 :echohl WarningMsg | echo "Don't panic!" | echohl None
|
|
|
4682 < Don't forget to set the group back to "None",
|
|
|
4683 otherwise all following echo's will be highlighted.
|
|
|
4684
|
|
|
4685 *:echom* *:echomsg*
|
|
|
4686 :echom[sg] {expr1} .. Echo the expression(s) as a true message, saving the
|
|
|
4687 message in the |message-history|.
|
|
|
4688 Spaces are placed between the arguments as with the
|
|
|
4689 |:echo| command. But unprintable characters are
|
|
|
4690 displayed, not interpreted.
|
|
|
4691 Uses the highlighting set by the |:echohl| command.
|
|
|
4692 Example: >
|
|
|
4693 :echomsg "It's a Zizzer Zazzer Zuzz, as you can plainly see."
|
|
|
4694 <
|
|
|
4695 *:echoe* *:echoerr*
|
|
|
4696 :echoe[rr] {expr1} .. Echo the expression(s) as an error message, saving the
|
|
|
4697 message in the |message-history|. When used in a
|
|
|
4698 script or function the line number will be added.
|
|
|
4699 Spaces are placed between the arguments as with the
|
|
|
4700 :echo command. When used inside a try conditional,
|
|
|
4701 the message is raised as an error exception instead
|
|
|
4702 (see |try-echoerr|).
|
|
|
4703 Example: >
|
|
|
4704 :echoerr "This script just failed!"
|
|
|
4705 < If you just want a highlighted message use |:echohl|.
|
|
|
4706 And to get a beep: >
|
|
|
4707 :exe "normal \<Esc>"
|
|
|
4708 <
|
|
|
4709 *:exe* *:execute*
|
|
|
4710 :exe[cute] {expr1} .. Executes the string that results from the evaluation
|
|
|
4711 of {expr1} as an Ex command. Multiple arguments are
|
|
|
4712 concatenated, with a space in between. {expr1} is
|
|
|
4713 used as the processed command, command line editing
|
|
|
4714 keys are not recognized.
|
|
|
4715 Cannot be followed by a comment.
|
|
|
4716 Examples: >
|
|
|
4717 :execute "buffer " nextbuf
|
|
|
4718 :execute "normal " count . "w"
|
|
|
4719 <
|
|
|
4720 ":execute" can be used to append a command to commands
|
|
|
4721 that don't accept a '|'. Example: >
|
|
|
4722 :execute '!ls' | echo "theend"
|
|
|
4723
|
|
|
4724 < ":execute" is also a nice way to avoid having to type
|
|
|
4725 control characters in a Vim script for a ":normal"
|
|
|
4726 command: >
|
|
|
4727 :execute "normal ixxx\<Esc>"
|
|
|
4728 < This has an <Esc> character, see |expr-string|.
|
|
|
4729
|
|
|
4730 Note: The executed string may be any command-line, but
|
|
99
|
4731 you cannot start or end a "while", "for" or "if"
|
|
|
4732 command. Thus this is illegal: >
|
|
7
|
4733 :execute 'while i > 5'
|
|
|
4734 :execute 'echo "test" | break'
|
|
|
4735 <
|
|
|
4736 It is allowed to have a "while" or "if" command
|
|
|
4737 completely in the executed string: >
|
|
|
4738 :execute 'while i < 5 | echo i | let i = i + 1 | endwhile'
|
|
|
4739 <
|
|
|
4740
|
|
|
4741 *:comment*
|
|
|
4742 ":execute", ":echo" and ":echon" cannot be followed by
|
|
|
4743 a comment directly, because they see the '"' as the
|
|
|
4744 start of a string. But, you can use '|' followed by a
|
|
|
4745 comment. Example: >
|
|
|
4746 :echo "foo" | "this is a comment
|
|
|
4747
|
|
|
4748 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
4749 8. Exception handling *exception-handling*
|
|
|
4750
|
|
|
4751 The Vim script language comprises an exception handling feature. This section
|
|
|
4752 explains how it can be used in a Vim script.
|
|
|
4753
|
|
|
4754 Exceptions may be raised by Vim on an error or on interrupt, see
|
|
|
4755 |catch-errors| and |catch-interrupt|. You can also explicitly throw an
|
|
|
4756 exception by using the ":throw" command, see |throw-catch|.
|
|
|
4757
|
|
|
4758
|
|
|
4759 TRY CONDITIONALS *try-conditionals*
|
|
|
4760
|
|
|
4761 Exceptions can be caught or can cause cleanup code to be executed. You can
|
|
|
4762 use a try conditional to specify catch clauses (that catch exceptions) and/or
|
|
|
4763 a finally clause (to be executed for cleanup).
|
|
|
4764 A try conditional begins with a |:try| command and ends at the matching
|
|
|
4765 |:endtry| command. In between, you can use a |:catch| command to start
|
|
|
4766 a catch clause, or a |:finally| command to start a finally clause. There may
|
|
|
4767 be none or multiple catch clauses, but there is at most one finally clause,
|
|
|
4768 which must not be followed by any catch clauses. The lines before the catch
|
|
|
4769 clauses and the finally clause is called a try block. >
|
|
|
4770
|
|
|
4771 :try
|
|
|
4772 : ...
|
|
|
4773 : ... TRY BLOCK
|
|
|
4774 : ...
|
|
|
4775 :catch /{pattern}/
|
|
|
4776 : ...
|
|
|
4777 : ... CATCH CLAUSE
|
|
|
4778 : ...
|
|
|
4779 :catch /{pattern}/
|
|
|
4780 : ...
|
|
|
4781 : ... CATCH CLAUSE
|
|
|
4782 : ...
|
|
|
4783 :finally
|
|
|
4784 : ...
|
|
|
4785 : ... FINALLY CLAUSE
|
|
|
4786 : ...
|
|
|
4787 :endtry
|
|
|
4788
|
|
|
4789 The try conditional allows to watch code for exceptions and to take the
|
|
|
4790 appropriate actions. Exceptions from the try block may be caught. Exceptions
|
|
|
4791 from the try block and also the catch clauses may cause cleanup actions.
|
|
|
4792 When no exception is thrown during execution of the try block, the control
|
|
|
4793 is transferred to the finally clause, if present. After its execution, the
|
|
|
4794 script continues with the line following the ":endtry".
|
|
|
4795 When an exception occurs during execution of the try block, the remaining
|
|
|
4796 lines in the try block are skipped. The exception is matched against the
|
|
|
4797 patterns specified as arguments to the ":catch" commands. The catch clause
|
|
|
4798 after the first matching ":catch" is taken, other catch clauses are not
|
|
|
4799 executed. The catch clause ends when the next ":catch", ":finally", or
|
|
|
4800 ":endtry" command is reached - whatever is first. Then, the finally clause
|
|
|
4801 (if present) is executed. When the ":endtry" is reached, the script execution
|
|
|
4802 continues in the following line as usual.
|
|
|
4803 When an exception that does not match any of the patterns specified by the
|
|
|
4804 ":catch" commands is thrown in the try block, the exception is not caught by
|
|
|
4805 that try conditional and none of the catch clauses is executed. Only the
|
|
|
4806 finally clause, if present, is taken. The exception pends during execution of
|
|
|
4807 the finally clause. It is resumed at the ":endtry", so that commands after
|
|
|
4808 the ":endtry" are not executed and the exception might be caught elsewhere,
|
|
|
4809 see |try-nesting|.
|
|
|
4810 When during execution of a catch clause another exception is thrown, the
|
|
|
4811 remaining lines in that catch clause are not executed. The new exception is
|
|
|
4812 not matched against the patterns in any of the ":catch" commands of the same
|
|
|
4813 try conditional and none of its catch clauses is taken. If there is, however,
|
|
|
4814 a finally clause, it is executed, and the exception pends during its
|
|
|
4815 execution. The commands following the ":endtry" are not executed. The new
|
|
|
4816 exception might, however, be caught elsewhere, see |try-nesting|.
|
|
|
4817 When during execution of the finally clause (if present) an exception is
|
|
|
4818 thrown, the remaining lines in the finally clause are skipped. If the finally
|
|
|
4819 clause has been taken because of an exception from the try block or one of the
|
|
|
4820 catch clauses, the original (pending) exception is discarded. The commands
|
|
|
4821 following the ":endtry" are not executed, and the exception from the finally
|
|
|
4822 clause is propagated and can be caught elsewhere, see |try-nesting|.
|
|
|
4823
|
|
|
4824 The finally clause is also executed, when a ":break" or ":continue" for
|
|
|
4825 a ":while" loop enclosing the complete try conditional is executed from the
|
|
|
4826 try block or a catch clause. Or when a ":return" or ":finish" is executed
|
|
|
4827 from the try block or a catch clause of a try conditional in a function or
|
|
|
4828 sourced script, respectively. The ":break", ":continue", ":return", or
|
|
|
4829 ":finish" pends during execution of the finally clause and is resumed when the
|
|
|
4830 ":endtry" is reached. It is, however, discarded when an exception is thrown
|
|
|
4831 from the finally clause.
|
|
|
4832 When a ":break" or ":continue" for a ":while" loop enclosing the complete
|
|
|
4833 try conditional or when a ":return" or ":finish" is encountered in the finally
|
|
|
4834 clause, the rest of the finally clause is skipped, and the ":break",
|
|
|
4835 ":continue", ":return" or ":finish" is executed as usual. If the finally
|
|
|
4836 clause has been taken because of an exception or an earlier ":break",
|
|
|
4837 ":continue", ":return", or ":finish" from the try block or a catch clause,
|
|
|
4838 this pending exception or command is discarded.
|
|
|
4839
|
|
|
4840 For examples see |throw-catch| and |try-finally|.
|
|
|
4841
|
|
|
4842
|
|
|
4843 NESTING OF TRY CONDITIONALS *try-nesting*
|
|
|
4844
|
|
|
4845 Try conditionals can be nested arbitrarily. That is, a complete try
|
|
|
4846 conditional can be put into the try block, a catch clause, or the finally
|
|
|
4847 clause of another try conditional. If the inner try conditional does not
|
|
|
4848 catch an exception thrown in its try block or throws a new exception from one
|
|
|
4849 of its catch clauses or its finally clause, the outer try conditional is
|
|
|
4850 checked according to the rules above. If the inner try conditional is in the
|
|
|
4851 try block of the outer try conditional, its catch clauses are checked, but
|
|
|
4852 otherwise only the finally clause is executed. It does not matter for
|
|
|
4853 nesting, whether the inner try conditional is directly contained in the outer
|
|
|
4854 one, or whether the outer one sources a script or calls a function containing
|
|
|
4855 the inner try conditional.
|
|
|
4856
|
|
|
4857 When none of the active try conditionals catches an exception, just their
|
|
|
4858 finally clauses are executed. Thereafter, the script processing terminates.
|
|
|
4859 An error message is displayed in case of an uncaught exception explicitly
|
|
|
4860 thrown by a ":throw" command. For uncaught error and interrupt exceptions
|
|
|
4861 implicitly raised by Vim, the error message(s) or interrupt message are shown
|
|
|
4862 as usual.
|
|
|
4863
|
|
|
4864 For examples see |throw-catch|.
|
|
|
4865
|
|
|
4866
|
|
|
4867 EXAMINING EXCEPTION HANDLING CODE *except-examine*
|
|
|
4868
|
|
|
4869 Exception handling code can get tricky. If you are in doubt what happens, set
|
|
|
4870 'verbose' to 13 or use the ":13verbose" command modifier when sourcing your
|
|
|
4871 script file. Then you see when an exception is thrown, discarded, caught, or
|
|
|
4872 finished. When using a verbosity level of at least 14, things pending in
|
|
|
4873 a finally clause are also shown. This information is also given in debug mode
|
|
|
4874 (see |debug-scripts|).
|
|
|
4875
|
|
|
4876
|
|
|
4877 THROWING AND CATCHING EXCEPTIONS *throw-catch*
|
|
|
4878
|
|
|
4879 You can throw any number or string as an exception. Use the |:throw| command
|
|
|
4880 and pass the value to be thrown as argument: >
|
|
|
4881 :throw 4711
|
|
|
4882 :throw "string"
|
|
|
4883 < *throw-expression*
|
|
|
4884 You can also specify an expression argument. The expression is then evaluated
|
|
|
4885 first, and the result is thrown: >
|
|
|
4886 :throw 4705 + strlen("string")
|
|
|
4887 :throw strpart("strings", 0, 6)
|
|
|
4888
|
|
|
4889 An exception might be thrown during evaluation of the argument of the ":throw"
|
|
|
4890 command. Unless it is caught there, the expression evaluation is abandoned.
|
|
|
4891 The ":throw" command then does not throw a new exception.
|
|
|
4892 Example: >
|
|
|
4893
|
|
|
4894 :function! Foo(arg)
|
|
|
4895 : try
|
|
|
4896 : throw a:arg
|
|
|
4897 : catch /foo/
|
|
|
4898 : endtry
|
|
|
4899 : return 1
|
|
|
4900 :endfunction
|
|
|
4901 :
|
|
|
4902 :function! Bar()
|
|
|
4903 : echo "in Bar"
|
|
|
4904 : return 4710
|
|
|
4905 :endfunction
|
|
|
4906 :
|
|
|
4907 :throw Foo("arrgh") + Bar()
|
|
|
4908
|
|
|
4909 This throws "arrgh", and "in Bar" is not displayed since Bar() is not
|
|
|
4910 executed. >
|
|
|
4911 :throw Foo("foo") + Bar()
|
|
|
4912 however displays "in Bar" and throws 4711.
|
|
|
4913
|
|
|
4914 Any other command that takes an expression as argument might also be
|
|
|
4915 abandoned by an (uncaught) exception during the expression evaluation. The
|
|
|
4916 exception is then propagated to the caller of the command.
|
|
|
4917 Example: >
|
|
|
4918
|
|
|
4919 :if Foo("arrgh")
|
|
|
4920 : echo "then"
|
|
|
4921 :else
|
|
|
4922 : echo "else"
|
|
|
4923 :endif
|
|
|
4924
|
|
|
4925 Here neither of "then" or "else" is displayed.
|
|
|
4926
|
|
|
4927 *catch-order*
|
|
|
4928 Exceptions can be caught by a try conditional with one or more |:catch|
|
|
|
4929 commands, see |try-conditionals|. The values to be caught by each ":catch"
|
|
|
4930 command can be specified as a pattern argument. The subsequent catch clause
|
|
|
4931 gets executed when a matching exception is caught.
|
|
|
4932 Example: >
|
|
|
4933
|
|
|
4934 :function! Foo(value)
|
|
|
4935 : try
|
|
|
4936 : throw a:value
|
|
|
4937 : catch /^\d\+$/
|
|
|
4938 : echo "Number thrown"
|
|
|
4939 : catch /.*/
|
|
|
4940 : echo "String thrown"
|
|
|
4941 : endtry
|
|
|
4942 :endfunction
|
|
|
4943 :
|
|
|
4944 :call Foo(0x1267)
|
|
|
4945 :call Foo('string')
|
|
|
4946
|
|
|
4947 The first call to Foo() displays "Number thrown", the second "String thrown".
|
|
|
4948 An exception is matched against the ":catch" commands in the order they are
|
|
|
4949 specified. Only the first match counts. So you should place the more
|
|
|
4950 specific ":catch" first. The following order does not make sense: >
|
|
|
4951
|
|
|
4952 : catch /.*/
|
|
|
4953 : echo "String thrown"
|
|
|
4954 : catch /^\d\+$/
|
|
|
4955 : echo "Number thrown"
|
|
|
4956
|
|
|
4957 The first ":catch" here matches always, so that the second catch clause is
|
|
|
4958 never taken.
|
|
|
4959
|
|
|
4960 *throw-variables*
|
|
|
4961 If you catch an exception by a general pattern, you may access the exact value
|
|
|
4962 in the variable |v:exception|: >
|
|
|
4963
|
|
|
4964 : catch /^\d\+$/
|
|
|
4965 : echo "Number thrown. Value is" v:exception
|
|
|
4966
|
|
|
4967 You may also be interested where an exception was thrown. This is stored in
|
|
|
4968 |v:throwpoint|. Note that "v:exception" and "v:throwpoint" are valid for the
|
|
|
4969 exception most recently caught as long it is not finished.
|
|
|
4970 Example: >
|
|
|
4971
|
|
|
4972 :function! Caught()
|
|
|
4973 : if v:exception != ""
|
|
|
4974 : echo 'Caught "' . v:exception . '" in ' . v:throwpoint
|
|
|
4975 : else
|
|
|
4976 : echo 'Nothing caught'
|
|
|
4977 : endif
|
|
|
4978 :endfunction
|
|
|
4979 :
|
|
|
4980 :function! Foo()
|
|
|
4981 : try
|
|
|
4982 : try
|
|
|
4983 : try
|
|
|
4984 : throw 4711
|
|
|
4985 : finally
|
|
|
4986 : call Caught()
|
|
|
4987 : endtry
|
|
|
4988 : catch /.*/
|
|
|
4989 : call Caught()
|
|
|
4990 : throw "oops"
|
|
|
4991 : endtry
|
|
|
4992 : catch /.*/
|
|
|
4993 : call Caught()
|
|
|
4994 : finally
|
|
|
4995 : call Caught()
|
|
|
4996 : endtry
|
|
|
4997 :endfunction
|
|
|
4998 :
|
|
|
4999 :call Foo()
|
|
|
5000
|
|
|
5001 This displays >
|
|
|
5002
|
|
|
5003 Nothing caught
|
|
|
5004 Caught "4711" in function Foo, line 4
|
|
|
5005 Caught "oops" in function Foo, line 10
|
|
|
5006 Nothing caught
|
|
|
5007
|
|
|
5008 A practical example: The following command ":LineNumber" displays the line
|
|
|
5009 number in the script or function where it has been used: >
|
|
|
5010
|
|
|
5011 :function! LineNumber()
|
|
|
5012 : return substitute(v:throwpoint, '.*\D\(\d\+\).*', '\1', "")
|
|
|
5013 :endfunction
|
|
|
5014 :command! LineNumber try | throw "" | catch | echo LineNumber() | endtry
|
|
|
5015 <
|
|
|
5016 *try-nested*
|
|
|
5017 An exception that is not caught by a try conditional can be caught by
|
|
|
5018 a surrounding try conditional: >
|
|
|
5019
|
|
|
5020 :try
|
|
|
5021 : try
|
|
|
5022 : throw "foo"
|
|
|
5023 : catch /foobar/
|
|
|
5024 : echo "foobar"
|
|
|
5025 : finally
|
|
|
5026 : echo "inner finally"
|
|
|
5027 : endtry
|
|
|
5028 :catch /foo/
|
|
|
5029 : echo "foo"
|
|
|
5030 :endtry
|
|
|
5031
|
|
|
5032 The inner try conditional does not catch the exception, just its finally
|
|
|
5033 clause is executed. The exception is then caught by the outer try
|
|
|
5034 conditional. The example displays "inner finally" and then "foo".
|
|
|
5035
|
|
|
5036 *throw-from-catch*
|
|
|
5037 You can catch an exception and throw a new one to be caught elsewhere from the
|
|
|
5038 catch clause: >
|
|
|
5039
|
|
|
5040 :function! Foo()
|
|
|
5041 : throw "foo"
|
|
|
5042 :endfunction
|
|
|
5043 :
|
|
|
5044 :function! Bar()
|
|
|
5045 : try
|
|
|
5046 : call Foo()
|
|
|
5047 : catch /foo/
|
|
|
5048 : echo "Caught foo, throw bar"
|
|
|
5049 : throw "bar"
|
|
|
5050 : endtry
|
|
|
5051 :endfunction
|
|
|
5052 :
|
|
|
5053 :try
|
|
|
5054 : call Bar()
|
|
|
5055 :catch /.*/
|
|
|
5056 : echo "Caught" v:exception
|
|
|
5057 :endtry
|
|
|
5058
|
|
|
5059 This displays "Caught foo, throw bar" and then "Caught bar".
|
|
|
5060
|
|
|
5061 *rethrow*
|
|
|
5062 There is no real rethrow in the Vim script language, but you may throw
|
|
|
5063 "v:exception" instead: >
|
|
|
5064
|
|
|
5065 :function! Bar()
|
|
|
5066 : try
|
|
|
5067 : call Foo()
|
|
|
5068 : catch /.*/
|
|
|
5069 : echo "Rethrow" v:exception
|
|
|
5070 : throw v:exception
|
|
|
5071 : endtry
|
|
|
5072 :endfunction
|
|
|
5073 < *try-echoerr*
|
|
|
5074 Note that this method cannot be used to "rethrow" Vim error or interrupt
|
|
|
5075 exceptions, because it is not possible to fake Vim internal exceptions.
|
|
|
5076 Trying so causes an error exception. You should throw your own exception
|
|
|
5077 denoting the situation. If you want to cause a Vim error exception containing
|
|
|
5078 the original error exception value, you can use the |:echoerr| command: >
|
|
|
5079
|
|
|
5080 :try
|
|
|
5081 : try
|
|
|
5082 : asdf
|
|
|
5083 : catch /.*/
|
|
|
5084 : echoerr v:exception
|
|
|
5085 : endtry
|
|
|
5086 :catch /.*/
|
|
|
5087 : echo v:exception
|
|
|
5088 :endtry
|
|
|
5089
|
|
|
5090 This code displays
|
|
|
5091
|
|
|
5092 Vim(echoerr):Vim:E492: Not an editor command: asdf ~
|
|
|
5093
|
|
|
5094
|
|
|
5095 CLEANUP CODE *try-finally*
|
|
|
5096
|
|
|
5097 Scripts often change global settings and restore them at their end. If the
|
|
|
5098 user however interrupts the script by pressing CTRL-C, the settings remain in
|
|
|
5099 an inconsistent state. The same may happen to you in the development phase of
|
|
|
5100 a script when an error occurs or you explicitly throw an exception without
|
|
|
5101 catching it. You can solve these problems by using a try conditional with
|
|
|
5102 a finally clause for restoring the settings. Its execution is guaranteed on
|
|
|
5103 normal control flow, on error, on an explicit ":throw", and on interrupt.
|
|
|
5104 (Note that errors and interrupts from inside the try conditional are converted
|
|
|
5105 to exceptions. When not caught, they terminate the script after the finally
|
|
|
5106 clause has been executed.)
|
|
|
5107 Example: >
|
|
|
5108
|
|
|
5109 :try
|
|
|
5110 : let s:saved_ts = &ts
|
|
|
5111 : set ts=17
|
|
|
5112 :
|
|
|
5113 : " Do the hard work here.
|
|
|
5114 :
|
|
|
5115 :finally
|
|
|
5116 : let &ts = s:saved_ts
|
|
|
5117 : unlet s:saved_ts
|
|
|
5118 :endtry
|
|
|
5119
|
|
|
5120 This method should be used locally whenever a function or part of a script
|
|
|
5121 changes global settings which need to be restored on failure or normal exit of
|
|
|
5122 that function or script part.
|
|
|
5123
|
|
|
5124 *break-finally*
|
|
|
5125 Cleanup code works also when the try block or a catch clause is left by
|
|
|
5126 a ":continue", ":break", ":return", or ":finish".
|
|
|
5127 Example: >
|
|
|
5128
|
|
|
5129 :let first = 1
|
|
|
5130 :while 1
|
|
|
5131 : try
|
|
|
5132 : if first
|
|
|
5133 : echo "first"
|
|
|
5134 : let first = 0
|
|
|
5135 : continue
|
|
|
5136 : else
|
|
|
5137 : throw "second"
|
|
|
5138 : endif
|
|
|
5139 : catch /.*/
|
|
|
5140 : echo v:exception
|
|
|
5141 : break
|
|
|
5142 : finally
|
|
|
5143 : echo "cleanup"
|
|
|
5144 : endtry
|
|
|
5145 : echo "still in while"
|
|
|
5146 :endwhile
|
|
|
5147 :echo "end"
|
|
|
5148
|
|
|
5149 This displays "first", "cleanup", "second", "cleanup", and "end". >
|
|
|
5150
|
|
|
5151 :function! Foo()
|
|
|
5152 : try
|
|
|
5153 : return 4711
|
|
|
5154 : finally
|
|
|
5155 : echo "cleanup\n"
|
|
|
5156 : endtry
|
|
|
5157 : echo "Foo still active"
|
|
|
5158 :endfunction
|
|
|
5159 :
|
|
|
5160 :echo Foo() "returned by Foo"
|
|
|
5161
|
|
|
5162 This displays "cleanup" and "4711 returned by Foo". You don't need to add an
|
|
|
5163 extra ":return" in the finally clause. (Above all, this would override the
|
|
|
5164 return value.)
|
|
|
5165
|
|
|
5166 *except-from-finally*
|
|
|
5167 Using either of ":continue", ":break", ":return", ":finish", or ":throw" in
|
|
|
5168 a finally clause is possible, but not recommended since it abandons the
|
|
|
5169 cleanup actions for the try conditional. But, of course, interrupt and error
|
|
|
5170 exceptions might get raised from a finally clause.
|
|
|
5171 Example where an error in the finally clause stops an interrupt from
|
|
|
5172 working correctly: >
|
|
|
5173
|
|
|
5174 :try
|
|
|
5175 : try
|
|
|
5176 : echo "Press CTRL-C for interrupt"
|
|
|
5177 : while 1
|
|
|
5178 : endwhile
|
|
|
5179 : finally
|
|
|
5180 : unlet novar
|
|
|
5181 : endtry
|
|
|
5182 :catch /novar/
|
|
|
5183 :endtry
|
|
|
5184 :echo "Script still running"
|
|
|
5185 :sleep 1
|
|
|
5186
|
|
|
5187 If you need to put commands that could fail into a finally clause, you should
|
|
|
5188 think about catching or ignoring the errors in these commands, see
|
|
|
5189 |catch-errors| and |ignore-errors|.
|
|
|
5190
|
|
|
5191
|
|
|
5192 CATCHING ERRORS *catch-errors*
|
|
|
5193
|
|
|
5194 If you want to catch specific errors, you just have to put the code to be
|
|
|
5195 watched in a try block and add a catch clause for the error message. The
|
|
|
5196 presence of the try conditional causes all errors to be converted to an
|
|
|
5197 exception. No message is displayed and |v:errmsg| is not set then. To find
|
|
|
5198 the right pattern for the ":catch" command, you have to know how the format of
|
|
|
5199 the error exception is.
|
|
|
5200 Error exceptions have the following format: >
|
|
|
5201
|
|
|
5202 Vim({cmdname}):{errmsg}
|
|
|
5203 or >
|
|
|
5204 Vim:{errmsg}
|
|
|
5205
|
|
|
5206 {cmdname} is the name of the command that failed; the second form is used when
|
|
|
5207 the command name is not known. {errmsg} is the error message usually produced
|
|
|
5208 when the error occurs outside try conditionals. It always begins with
|
|
|
5209 a capital "E", followed by a two or three-digit error number, a colon, and
|
|
|
5210 a space.
|
|
|
5211
|
|
|
5212 Examples:
|
|
|
5213
|
|
|
5214 The command >
|
|
|
5215 :unlet novar
|
|
|
5216 normally produces the error message >
|
|
|
5217 E108: No such variable: "novar"
|
|
|
5218 which is converted inside try conditionals to an exception >
|
|
|
5219 Vim(unlet):E108: No such variable: "novar"
|
|
|
5220
|
|
|
5221 The command >
|
|
|
5222 :dwim
|
|
|
5223 normally produces the error message >
|
|
|
5224 E492: Not an editor command: dwim
|
|
|
5225 which is converted inside try conditionals to an exception >
|
|
|
5226 Vim:E492: Not an editor command: dwim
|
|
|
5227
|
|
|
5228 You can catch all ":unlet" errors by a >
|
|
|
5229 :catch /^Vim(unlet):/
|
|
|
5230 or all errors for misspelled command names by a >
|
|
|
5231 :catch /^Vim:E492:/
|
|
|
5232
|
|
|
5233 Some error messages may be produced by different commands: >
|
|
|
5234 :function nofunc
|
|
|
5235 and >
|
|
|
5236 :delfunction nofunc
|
|
|
5237 both produce the error message >
|
|
|
5238 E128: Function name must start with a capital: nofunc
|
|
|
5239 which is converted inside try conditionals to an exception >
|
|
|
5240 Vim(function):E128: Function name must start with a capital: nofunc
|
|
|
5241 or >
|
|
|
5242 Vim(delfunction):E128: Function name must start with a capital: nofunc
|
|
|
5243 respectively. You can catch the error by its number independently on the
|
|
|
5244 command that caused it if you use the following pattern: >
|
|
|
5245 :catch /^Vim(\a\+):E128:/
|
|
|
5246
|
|
|
5247 Some commands like >
|
|
|
5248 :let x = novar
|
|
|
5249 produce multiple error messages, here: >
|
|
|
5250 E121: Undefined variable: novar
|
|
|
5251 E15: Invalid expression: novar
|
|
|
5252 Only the first is used for the exception value, since it is the most specific
|
|
|
5253 one (see |except-several-errors|). So you can catch it by >
|
|
|
5254 :catch /^Vim(\a\+):E121:/
|
|
|
5255
|
|
|
5256 You can catch all errors related to the name "nofunc" by >
|
|
|
5257 :catch /\<nofunc\>/
|
|
|
5258
|
|
|
5259 You can catch all Vim errors in the ":write" and ":read" commands by >
|
|
|
5260 :catch /^Vim(\(write\|read\)):E\d\+:/
|
|
|
5261
|
|
|
5262 You can catch all Vim errors by the pattern >
|
|
|
5263 :catch /^Vim\((\a\+)\)\=:E\d\+:/
|
|
|
5264 <
|
|
|
5265 *catch-text*
|
|
|
5266 NOTE: You should never catch the error message text itself: >
|
|
|
5267 :catch /No such variable/
|
|
|
5268 only works in the english locale, but not when the user has selected
|
|
|
5269 a different language by the |:language| command. It is however helpful to
|
|
|
5270 cite the message text in a comment: >
|
|
|
5271 :catch /^Vim(\a\+):E108:/ " No such variable
|
|
|
5272
|
|
|
5273
|
|
|
5274 IGNORING ERRORS *ignore-errors*
|
|
|
5275
|
|
|
5276 You can ignore errors in a specific Vim command by catching them locally: >
|
|
|
5277
|
|
|
5278 :try
|
|
|
5279 : write
|
|
|
5280 :catch
|
|
|
5281 :endtry
|
|
|
5282
|
|
|
5283 But you are strongly recommended NOT to use this simple form, since it could
|
|
|
5284 catch more than you want. With the ":write" command, some autocommands could
|
|
|
5285 be executed and cause errors not related to writing, for instance: >
|
|
|
5286
|
|
|
5287 :au BufWritePre * unlet novar
|
|
|
5288
|
|
|
5289 There could even be such errors you are not responsible for as a script
|
|
|
5290 writer: a user of your script might have defined such autocommands. You would
|
|
|
5291 then hide the error from the user.
|
|
|
5292 It is much better to use >
|
|
|
5293
|
|
|
5294 :try
|
|
|
5295 : write
|
|
|
5296 :catch /^Vim(write):/
|
|
|
5297 :endtry
|
|
|
5298
|
|
|
5299 which only catches real write errors. So catch only what you'd like to ignore
|
|
|
5300 intentionally.
|
|
|
5301
|
|
|
5302 For a single command that does not cause execution of autocommands, you could
|
|
|
5303 even suppress the conversion of errors to exceptions by the ":silent!"
|
|
|
5304 command: >
|
|
|
5305 :silent! nunmap k
|
|
|
5306 This works also when a try conditional is active.
|
|
|
5307
|
|
|
5308
|
|
|
5309 CATCHING INTERRUPTS *catch-interrupt*
|
|
|
5310
|
|
|
5311 When there are active try conditionals, an interrupt (CTRL-C) is converted to
|
|
|
5312 the exception "Vim:Interrupt". You can catch it like every exception. The
|
|
|
5313 script is not terminated, then.
|
|
|
5314 Example: >
|
|
|
5315
|
|
|
5316 :function! TASK1()
|
|
|
5317 : sleep 10
|
|
|
5318 :endfunction
|
|
|
5319
|
|
|
5320 :function! TASK2()
|
|
|
5321 : sleep 20
|
|
|
5322 :endfunction
|
|
|
5323
|
|
|
5324 :while 1
|
|
|
5325 : let command = input("Type a command: ")
|
|
|
5326 : try
|
|
|
5327 : if command == ""
|
|
|
5328 : continue
|
|
|
5329 : elseif command == "END"
|
|
|
5330 : break
|
|
|
5331 : elseif command == "TASK1"
|
|
|
5332 : call TASK1()
|
|
|
5333 : elseif command == "TASK2"
|
|
|
5334 : call TASK2()
|
|
|
5335 : else
|
|
|
5336 : echo "\nIllegal command:" command
|
|
|
5337 : continue
|
|
|
5338 : endif
|
|
|
5339 : catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/
|
|
|
5340 : echo "\nCommand interrupted"
|
|
|
5341 : " Caught the interrupt. Continue with next prompt.
|
|
|
5342 : endtry
|
|
|
5343 :endwhile
|
|
|
5344
|
|
|
5345 You can interrupt a task here by pressing CTRL-C; the script then asks for
|
|
|
5346 a new command. If you press CTRL-C at the prompt, the script is terminated.
|
|
|
5347
|
|
|
5348 For testing what happens when CTRL-C would be pressed on a specific line in
|
|
|
5349 your script, use the debug mode and execute the |>quit| or |>interrupt|
|
|
|
5350 command on that line. See |debug-scripts|.
|
|
|
5351
|
|
|
5352
|
|
|
5353 CATCHING ALL *catch-all*
|
|
|
5354
|
|
|
5355 The commands >
|
|
|
5356
|
|
|
5357 :catch /.*/
|
|
|
5358 :catch //
|
|
|
5359 :catch
|
|
|
5360
|
|
|
5361 catch everything, error exceptions, interrupt exceptions and exceptions
|
|
|
5362 explicitly thrown by the |:throw| command. This is useful at the top level of
|
|
|
5363 a script in order to catch unexpected things.
|
|
|
5364 Example: >
|
|
|
5365
|
|
|
5366 :try
|
|
|
5367 :
|
|
|
5368 : " do the hard work here
|
|
|
5369 :
|
|
|
5370 :catch /MyException/
|
|
|
5371 :
|
|
|
5372 : " handle known problem
|
|
|
5373 :
|
|
|
5374 :catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/
|
|
|
5375 : echo "Script interrupted"
|
|
|
5376 :catch /.*/
|
|
|
5377 : echo "Internal error (" . v:exception . ")"
|
|
|
5378 : echo " - occurred at " . v:throwpoint
|
|
|
5379 :endtry
|
|
|
5380 :" end of script
|
|
|
5381
|
|
|
5382 Note: Catching all might catch more things than you want. Thus, you are
|
|
|
5383 strongly encouraged to catch only for problems that you can really handle by
|
|
|
5384 specifying a pattern argument to the ":catch".
|
|
|
5385 Example: Catching all could make it nearly impossible to interrupt a script
|
|
|
5386 by pressing CTRL-C: >
|
|
|
5387
|
|
|
5388 :while 1
|
|
|
5389 : try
|
|
|
5390 : sleep 1
|
|
|
5391 : catch
|
|
|
5392 : endtry
|
|
|
5393 :endwhile
|
|
|
5394
|
|
|
5395
|
|
|
5396 EXCEPTIONS AND AUTOCOMMANDS *except-autocmd*
|
|
|
5397
|
|
|
5398 Exceptions may be used during execution of autocommands. Example: >
|
|
|
5399
|
|
|
5400 :autocmd User x try
|
|
|
5401 :autocmd User x throw "Oops!"
|
|
|
5402 :autocmd User x catch
|
|
|
5403 :autocmd User x echo v:exception
|
|
|
5404 :autocmd User x endtry
|
|
|
5405 :autocmd User x throw "Arrgh!"
|
|
|
5406 :autocmd User x echo "Should not be displayed"
|
|
|
5407 :
|
|
|
5408 :try
|
|
|
5409 : doautocmd User x
|
|
|
5410 :catch
|
|
|
5411 : echo v:exception
|
|
|
5412 :endtry
|
|
|
5413
|
|
|
5414 This displays "Oops!" and "Arrgh!".
|
|
|
5415
|
|
|
5416 *except-autocmd-Pre*
|
|
|
5417 For some commands, autocommands get executed before the main action of the
|
|
|
5418 command takes place. If an exception is thrown and not caught in the sequence
|
|
|
5419 of autocommands, the sequence and the command that caused its execution are
|
|
|
5420 abandoned and the exception is propagated to the caller of the command.
|
|
|
5421 Example: >
|
|
|
5422
|
|
|
5423 :autocmd BufWritePre * throw "FAIL"
|
|
|
5424 :autocmd BufWritePre * echo "Should not be displayed"
|
|
|
5425 :
|
|
|
5426 :try
|
|
|
5427 : write
|
|
|
5428 :catch
|
|
|
5429 : echo "Caught:" v:exception "from" v:throwpoint
|
|
|
5430 :endtry
|
|
|
5431
|
|
|
5432 Here, the ":write" command does not write the file currently being edited (as
|
|
|
5433 you can see by checking 'modified'), since the exception from the BufWritePre
|
|
|
5434 autocommand abandons the ":write". The exception is then caught and the
|
|
|
5435 script displays: >
|
|
|
5436
|
|
|
5437 Caught: FAIL from BufWrite Auto commands for "*"
|
|
|
5438 <
|
|
|
5439 *except-autocmd-Post*
|
|
|
5440 For some commands, autocommands get executed after the main action of the
|
|
|
5441 command has taken place. If this main action fails and the command is inside
|
|
|
5442 an active try conditional, the autocommands are skipped and an error exception
|
|
|
5443 is thrown that can be caught by the caller of the command.
|
|
|
5444 Example: >
|
|
|
5445
|
|
|
5446 :autocmd BufWritePost * echo "File successfully written!"
|
|
|
5447 :
|
|
|
5448 :try
|
|
|
5449 : write /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e
|
|
|
5450 :catch
|
|
|
5451 : echo v:exception
|
|
|
5452 :endtry
|
|
|
5453
|
|
|
5454 This just displays: >
|
|
|
5455
|
|
|
5456 Vim(write):E212: Can't open file for writing (/i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e)
|
|
|
5457
|
|
|
5458 If you really need to execute the autocommands even when the main action
|
|
|
5459 fails, trigger the event from the catch clause.
|
|
|
5460 Example: >
|
|
|
5461
|
|
|
5462 :autocmd BufWritePre * set noreadonly
|
|
|
5463 :autocmd BufWritePost * set readonly
|
|
|
5464 :
|
|
|
5465 :try
|
|
|
5466 : write /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e
|
|
|
5467 :catch
|
|
|
5468 : doautocmd BufWritePost /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e
|
|
|
5469 :endtry
|
|
|
5470 <
|
|
|
5471 You can also use ":silent!": >
|
|
|
5472
|
|
|
5473 :let x = "ok"
|
|
|
5474 :let v:errmsg = ""
|
|
|
5475 :autocmd BufWritePost * if v:errmsg != ""
|
|
|
5476 :autocmd BufWritePost * let x = "after fail"
|
|
|
5477 :autocmd BufWritePost * endif
|
|
|
5478 :try
|
|
|
5479 : silent! write /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e
|
|
|
5480 :catch
|
|
|
5481 :endtry
|
|
|
5482 :echo x
|
|
|
5483
|
|
|
5484 This displays "after fail".
|
|
|
5485
|
|
|
5486 If the main action of the command does not fail, exceptions from the
|
|
|
5487 autocommands will be catchable by the caller of the command: >
|
|
|
5488
|
|
|
5489 :autocmd BufWritePost * throw ":-("
|
|
|
5490 :autocmd BufWritePost * echo "Should not be displayed"
|
|
|
5491 :
|
|
|
5492 :try
|
|
|
5493 : write
|
|
|
5494 :catch
|
|
|
5495 : echo v:exception
|
|
|
5496 :endtry
|
|
|
5497 <
|
|
|
5498 *except-autocmd-Cmd*
|
|
|
5499 For some commands, the normal action can be replaced by a sequence of
|
|
|
5500 autocommands. Exceptions from that sequence will be catchable by the caller
|
|
|
5501 of the command.
|
|
|
5502 Example: For the ":write" command, the caller cannot know whether the file
|
|
|
5503 had actually been written when the exception occurred. You need to tell it in
|
|
|
5504 some way. >
|
|
|
5505
|
|
|
5506 :if !exists("cnt")
|
|
|
5507 : let cnt = 0
|
|
|
5508 :
|
|
|
5509 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * if &modified
|
|
|
5510 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * let cnt = cnt + 1
|
|
|
5511 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * if cnt % 3 == 2
|
|
|
5512 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * throw "BufWriteCmdError"
|
|
|
5513 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * endif
|
|
|
5514 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * write | set nomodified
|
|
|
5515 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * if cnt % 3 == 0
|
|
|
5516 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * throw "BufWriteCmdError"
|
|
|
5517 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * endif
|
|
|
5518 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * echo "File successfully written!"
|
|
|
5519 : autocmd BufWriteCmd * endif
|
|
|
5520 :endif
|
|
|
5521 :
|
|
|
5522 :try
|
|
|
5523 : write
|
|
|
5524 :catch /^BufWriteCmdError$/
|
|
|
5525 : if &modified
|
|
|
5526 : echo "Error on writing (file contents not changed)"
|
|
|
5527 : else
|
|
|
5528 : echo "Error after writing"
|
|
|
5529 : endif
|
|
|
5530 :catch /^Vim(write):/
|
|
|
5531 : echo "Error on writing"
|
|
|
5532 :endtry
|
|
|
5533
|
|
|
5534 When this script is sourced several times after making changes, it displays
|
|
|
5535 first >
|
|
|
5536 File successfully written!
|
|
|
5537 then >
|
|
|
5538 Error on writing (file contents not changed)
|
|
|
5539 then >
|
|
|
5540 Error after writing
|
|
|
5541 etc.
|
|
|
5542
|
|
|
5543 *except-autocmd-ill*
|
|
|
5544 You cannot spread a try conditional over autocommands for different events.
|
|
|
5545 The following code is ill-formed: >
|
|
|
5546
|
|
|
5547 :autocmd BufWritePre * try
|
|
|
5548 :
|
|
|
5549 :autocmd BufWritePost * catch
|
|
|
5550 :autocmd BufWritePost * echo v:exception
|
|
|
5551 :autocmd BufWritePost * endtry
|
|
|
5552 :
|
|
|
5553 :write
|
|
|
5554
|
|
|
5555
|
|
|
5556 EXCEPTION HIERARCHIES AND PARAMETERIZED EXCEPTIONS *except-hier-param*
|
|
|
5557
|
|
|
5558 Some programming languages allow to use hierarchies of exception classes or to
|
|
|
5559 pass additional information with the object of an exception class. You can do
|
|
|
5560 similar things in Vim.
|
|
|
5561 In order to throw an exception from a hierarchy, just throw the complete
|
|
|
5562 class name with the components separated by a colon, for instance throw the
|
|
|
5563 string "EXCEPT:MATHERR:OVERFLOW" for an overflow in a mathematical library.
|
|
|
5564 When you want to pass additional information with your exception class, add
|
|
|
5565 it in parentheses, for instance throw the string "EXCEPT:IO:WRITEERR(myfile)"
|
|
|
5566 for an error when writing "myfile".
|
|
|
5567 With the appropriate patterns in the ":catch" command, you can catch for
|
|
|
5568 base classes or derived classes of your hierarchy. Additional information in
|
|
|
5569 parentheses can be cut out from |v:exception| with the ":substitute" command.
|
|
|
5570 Example: >
|
|
|
5571
|
|
|
5572 :function! CheckRange(a, func)
|
|
|
5573 : if a:a < 0
|
|
|
5574 : throw "EXCEPT:MATHERR:RANGE(" . a:func . ")"
|
|
|
5575 : endif
|
|
|
5576 :endfunction
|
|
|
5577 :
|
|
|
5578 :function! Add(a, b)
|
|
|
5579 : call CheckRange(a:a, "Add")
|
|
|
5580 : call CheckRange(a:b, "Add")
|
|
|
5581 : let c = a:a + a:b
|
|
|
5582 : if c < 0
|
|
|
5583 : throw "EXCEPT:MATHERR:OVERFLOW"
|
|
|
5584 : endif
|
|
|
5585 : return c
|
|
|
5586 :endfunction
|
|
|
5587 :
|
|
|
5588 :function! Div(a, b)
|
|
|
5589 : call CheckRange(a:a, "Div")
|
|
|
5590 : call CheckRange(a:b, "Div")
|
|
|
5591 : if (a:b == 0)
|
|
|
5592 : throw "EXCEPT:MATHERR:ZERODIV"
|
|
|
5593 : endif
|
|
|
5594 : return a:a / a:b
|
|
|
5595 :endfunction
|
|
|
5596 :
|
|
|
5597 :function! Write(file)
|
|
|
5598 : try
|
|
|
5599 : execute "write" a:file
|
|
|
5600 : catch /^Vim(write):/
|
|
|
5601 : throw "EXCEPT:IO(" . getcwd() . ", " . a:file . "):WRITEERR"
|
|
|
5602 : endtry
|
|
|
5603 :endfunction
|
|
|
5604 :
|
|
|
5605 :try
|
|
|
5606 :
|
|
|
5607 : " something with arithmetics and I/O
|
|
|
5608 :
|
|
|
5609 :catch /^EXCEPT:MATHERR:RANGE/
|
|
|
5610 : let function = substitute(v:exception, '.*(\(\a\+\)).*', '\1', "")
|
|
|
5611 : echo "Range error in" function
|
|
|
5612 :
|
|
|
5613 :catch /^EXCEPT:MATHERR/ " catches OVERFLOW and ZERODIV
|
|
|
5614 : echo "Math error"
|
|
|
5615 :
|
|
|
5616 :catch /^EXCEPT:IO/
|
|
|
5617 : let dir = substitute(v:exception, '.*(\(.\+\),\s*.\+).*', '\1', "")
|
|
|
5618 : let file = substitute(v:exception, '.*(.\+,\s*\(.\+\)).*', '\1', "")
|
|
|
5619 : if file !~ '^/'
|
|
|
5620 : let file = dir . "/" . file
|
|
|
5621 : endif
|
|
|
5622 : echo 'I/O error for "' . file . '"'
|
|
|
5623 :
|
|
|
5624 :catch /^EXCEPT/
|
|
|
5625 : echo "Unspecified error"
|
|
|
5626 :
|
|
|
5627 :endtry
|
|
|
5628
|
|
|
5629 The exceptions raised by Vim itself (on error or when pressing CTRL-C) use
|
|
|
5630 a flat hierarchy: they are all in the "Vim" class. You cannot throw yourself
|
|
|
5631 exceptions with the "Vim" prefix; they are reserved for Vim.
|
|
|
5632 Vim error exceptions are parameterized with the name of the command that
|
|
|
5633 failed, if known. See |catch-errors|.
|
|
|
5634
|
|
|
5635
|
|
|
5636 PECULIARITIES
|
|
|
5637 *except-compat*
|
|
|
5638 The exception handling concept requires that the command sequence causing the
|
|
|
5639 exception is aborted immediately and control is transferred to finally clauses
|
|
|
5640 and/or a catch clause.
|
|
|
5641
|
|
|
5642 In the Vim script language there are cases where scripts and functions
|
|
|
5643 continue after an error: in functions without the "abort" flag or in a command
|
|
|
5644 after ":silent!", control flow goes to the following line, and outside
|
|
|
5645 functions, control flow goes to the line following the outermost ":endwhile"
|
|
|
5646 or ":endif". On the other hand, errors should be catchable as exceptions
|
|
|
5647 (thus, requiring the immediate abortion).
|
|
|
5648
|
|
|
5649 This problem has been solved by converting errors to exceptions and using
|
|
|
5650 immediate abortion (if not suppressed by ":silent!") only when a try
|
|
|
5651 conditional is active. This is no restriction since an (error) exception can
|
|
|
5652 be caught only from an active try conditional. If you want an immediate
|
|
|
5653 termination without catching the error, just use a try conditional without
|
|
|
5654 catch clause. (You can cause cleanup code being executed before termination
|
|
|
5655 by specifying a finally clause.)
|
|
|
5656
|
|
|
5657 When no try conditional is active, the usual abortion and continuation
|
|
|
5658 behavior is used instead of immediate abortion. This ensures compatibility of
|
|
|
5659 scripts written for Vim 6.1 and earlier.
|
|
|
5660
|
|
|
5661 However, when sourcing an existing script that does not use exception handling
|
|
|
5662 commands (or when calling one of its functions) from inside an active try
|
|
|
5663 conditional of a new script, you might change the control flow of the existing
|
|
|
5664 script on error. You get the immediate abortion on error and can catch the
|
|
|
5665 error in the new script. If however the sourced script suppresses error
|
|
|
5666 messages by using the ":silent!" command (checking for errors by testing
|
|
|
5667 |v:errmsg| if appropriate), its execution path is not changed. The error is
|
|
|
5668 not converted to an exception. (See |:silent|.) So the only remaining cause
|
|
|
5669 where this happens is for scripts that don't care about errors and produce
|
|
|
5670 error messages. You probably won't want to use such code from your new
|
|
|
5671 scripts.
|
|
|
5672
|
|
|
5673 *except-syntax-err*
|
|
|
5674 Syntax errors in the exception handling commands are never caught by any of
|
|
|
5675 the ":catch" commands of the try conditional they belong to. Its finally
|
|
|
5676 clauses, however, is executed.
|
|
|
5677 Example: >
|
|
|
5678
|
|
|
5679 :try
|
|
|
5680 : try
|
|
|
5681 : throw 4711
|
|
|
5682 : catch /\(/
|
|
|
5683 : echo "in catch with syntax error"
|
|
|
5684 : catch
|
|
|
5685 : echo "inner catch-all"
|
|
|
5686 : finally
|
|
|
5687 : echo "inner finally"
|
|
|
5688 : endtry
|
|
|
5689 :catch
|
|
|
5690 : echo 'outer catch-all caught "' . v:exception . '"'
|
|
|
5691 : finally
|
|
|
5692 : echo "outer finally"
|
|
|
5693 :endtry
|
|
|
5694
|
|
|
5695 This displays: >
|
|
|
5696 inner finally
|
|
|
5697 outer catch-all caught "Vim(catch):E54: Unmatched \("
|
|
|
5698 outer finally
|
|
|
5699 The original exception is discarded and an error exception is raised, instead.
|
|
|
5700
|
|
|
5701 *except-single-line*
|
|
|
5702 The ":try", ":catch", ":finally", and ":endtry" commands can be put on
|
|
|
5703 a single line, but then syntax errors may make it difficult to recognize the
|
|
|
5704 "catch" line, thus you better avoid this.
|
|
|
5705 Example: >
|
|
|
5706 :try | unlet! foo # | catch | endtry
|
|
|
5707 raises an error exception for the trailing characters after the ":unlet!"
|
|
|
5708 argument, but does not see the ":catch" and ":endtry" commands, so that the
|
|
|
5709 error exception is discarded and the "E488: Trailing characters" message gets
|
|
|
5710 displayed.
|
|
|
5711
|
|
|
5712 *except-several-errors*
|
|
|
5713 When several errors appear in a single command, the first error message is
|
|
|
5714 usually the most specific one and therefor converted to the error exception.
|
|
|
5715 Example: >
|
|
|
5716 echo novar
|
|
|
5717 causes >
|
|
|
5718 E121: Undefined variable: novar
|
|
|
5719 E15: Invalid expression: novar
|
|
|
5720 The value of the error exception inside try conditionals is: >
|
|
|
5721 Vim(echo):E121: Undefined variable: novar
|
|
|
5722 < *except-syntax-error*
|
|
|
5723 But when a syntax error is detected after a normal error in the same command,
|
|
|
5724 the syntax error is used for the exception being thrown.
|
|
|
5725 Example: >
|
|
|
5726 unlet novar #
|
|
|
5727 causes >
|
|
|
5728 E108: No such variable: "novar"
|
|
|
5729 E488: Trailing characters
|
|
|
5730 The value of the error exception inside try conditionals is: >
|
|
|
5731 Vim(unlet):E488: Trailing characters
|
|
|
5732 This is done because the syntax error might change the execution path in a way
|
|
|
5733 not intended by the user. Example: >
|
|
|
5734 try
|
|
|
5735 try | unlet novar # | catch | echo v:exception | endtry
|
|
|
5736 catch /.*/
|
|
|
5737 echo "outer catch:" v:exception
|
|
|
5738 endtry
|
|
|
5739 This displays "outer catch: Vim(unlet):E488: Trailing characters", and then
|
|
|
5740 a "E600: Missing :endtry" error message is given, see |except-single-line|.
|
|
|
5741
|
|
|
5742 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
5743 9. Examples *eval-examples*
|
|
|
5744
|
|
|
5745 Printing in Hex ~
|
|
|
5746 >
|
|
|
5747 :" The function Nr2Hex() returns the Hex string of a number.
|
|
|
5748 :func Nr2Hex(nr)
|
|
|
5749 : let n = a:nr
|
|
|
5750 : let r = ""
|
|
|
5751 : while n
|
|
|
5752 : let r = '0123456789ABCDEF'[n % 16] . r
|
|
|
5753 : let n = n / 16
|
|
|
5754 : endwhile
|
|
|
5755 : return r
|
|
|
5756 :endfunc
|
|
|
5757
|
|
|
5758 :" The function String2Hex() converts each character in a string to a two
|
|
|
5759 :" character Hex string.
|
|
|
5760 :func String2Hex(str)
|
|
|
5761 : let out = ''
|
|
|
5762 : let ix = 0
|
|
|
5763 : while ix < strlen(a:str)
|
|
|
5764 : let out = out . Nr2Hex(char2nr(a:str[ix]))
|
|
|
5765 : let ix = ix + 1
|
|
|
5766 : endwhile
|
|
|
5767 : return out
|
|
|
5768 :endfunc
|
|
|
5769
|
|
|
5770 Example of its use: >
|
|
|
5771 :echo Nr2Hex(32)
|
|
|
5772 result: "20" >
|
|
|
5773 :echo String2Hex("32")
|
|
|
5774 result: "3332"
|
|
|
5775
|
|
|
5776
|
|
|
5777 Sorting lines (by Robert Webb) ~
|
|
|
5778
|
|
|
5779 Here is a Vim script to sort lines. Highlight the lines in Vim and type
|
|
|
5780 ":Sort". This doesn't call any external programs so it'll work on any
|
|
|
5781 platform. The function Sort() actually takes the name of a comparison
|
|
|
5782 function as its argument, like qsort() does in C. So you could supply it
|
|
|
5783 with different comparison functions in order to sort according to date etc.
|
|
|
5784 >
|
|
|
5785 :" Function for use with Sort(), to compare two strings.
|
|
|
5786 :func! Strcmp(str1, str2)
|
|
|
5787 : if (a:str1 < a:str2)
|
|
|
5788 : return -1
|
|
|
5789 : elseif (a:str1 > a:str2)
|
|
|
5790 : return 1
|
|
|
5791 : else
|
|
|
5792 : return 0
|
|
|
5793 : endif
|
|
|
5794 :endfunction
|
|
|
5795
|
|
|
5796 :" Sort lines. SortR() is called recursively.
|
|
|
5797 :func! SortR(start, end, cmp)
|
|
|
5798 : if (a:start >= a:end)
|
|
|
5799 : return
|
|
|
5800 : endif
|
|
|
5801 : let partition = a:start - 1
|
|
|
5802 : let middle = partition
|
|
|
5803 : let partStr = getline((a:start + a:end) / 2)
|
|
|
5804 : let i = a:start
|
|
|
5805 : while (i <= a:end)
|
|
|
5806 : let str = getline(i)
|
|
|
5807 : exec "let result = " . a:cmp . "(str, partStr)"
|
|
|
5808 : if (result <= 0)
|
|
|
5809 : " Need to put it before the partition. Swap lines i and partition.
|
|
|
5810 : let partition = partition + 1
|
|
|
5811 : if (result == 0)
|
|
|
5812 : let middle = partition
|
|
|
5813 : endif
|
|
|
5814 : if (i != partition)
|
|
|
5815 : let str2 = getline(partition)
|
|
|
5816 : call setline(i, str2)
|
|
|
5817 : call setline(partition, str)
|
|
|
5818 : endif
|
|
|
5819 : endif
|
|
|
5820 : let i = i + 1
|
|
|
5821 : endwhile
|
|
|
5822
|
|
|
5823 : " Now we have a pointer to the "middle" element, as far as partitioning
|
|
|
5824 : " goes, which could be anywhere before the partition. Make sure it is at
|
|
|
5825 : " the end of the partition.
|
|
|
5826 : if (middle != partition)
|
|
|
5827 : let str = getline(middle)
|
|
|
5828 : let str2 = getline(partition)
|
|
|
5829 : call setline(middle, str2)
|
|
|
5830 : call setline(partition, str)
|
|
|
5831 : endif
|
|
|
5832 : call SortR(a:start, partition - 1, a:cmp)
|
|
|
5833 : call SortR(partition + 1, a:end, a:cmp)
|
|
|
5834 :endfunc
|
|
|
5835
|
|
|
5836 :" To Sort a range of lines, pass the range to Sort() along with the name of a
|
|
|
5837 :" function that will compare two lines.
|
|
|
5838 :func! Sort(cmp) range
|
|
|
5839 : call SortR(a:firstline, a:lastline, a:cmp)
|
|
|
5840 :endfunc
|
|
|
5841
|
|
|
5842 :" :Sort takes a range of lines and sorts them.
|
|
|
5843 :command! -nargs=0 -range Sort <line1>,<line2>call Sort("Strcmp")
|
|
|
5844 <
|
|
|
5845 *sscanf*
|
|
|
5846 There is no sscanf() function in Vim. If you need to extract parts from a
|
|
|
5847 line, you can use matchstr() and substitute() to do it. This example shows
|
|
|
5848 how to get the file name, line number and column number out of a line like
|
|
|
5849 "foobar.txt, 123, 45". >
|
|
|
5850 :" Set up the match bit
|
|
|
5851 :let mx='\(\f\+\),\s*\(\d\+\),\s*\(\d\+\)'
|
|
|
5852 :"get the part matching the whole expression
|
|
|
5853 :let l = matchstr(line, mx)
|
|
|
5854 :"get each item out of the match
|
|
|
5855 :let file = substitute(l, mx, '\1', '')
|
|
|
5856 :let lnum = substitute(l, mx, '\2', '')
|
|
|
5857 :let col = substitute(l, mx, '\3', '')
|
|
|
5858
|
|
|
5859 The input is in the variable "line", the results in the variables "file",
|
|
|
5860 "lnum" and "col". (idea from Michael Geddes)
|
|
|
5861
|
|
|
5862 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
5863 10. No +eval feature *no-eval-feature*
|
|
|
5864
|
|
|
5865 When the |+eval| feature was disabled at compile time, none of the expression
|
|
|
5866 evaluation commands are available. To prevent this from causing Vim scripts
|
|
|
5867 to generate all kinds of errors, the ":if" and ":endif" commands are still
|
|
|
5868 recognized, though the argument of the ":if" and everything between the ":if"
|
|
|
5869 and the matching ":endif" is ignored. Nesting of ":if" blocks is allowed, but
|
|
|
5870 only if the commands are at the start of the line. The ":else" command is not
|
|
|
5871 recognized.
|
|
|
5872
|
|
|
5873 Example of how to avoid executing commands when the |+eval| feature is
|
|
|
5874 missing: >
|
|
|
5875
|
|
|
5876 :if 1
|
|
|
5877 : echo "Expression evaluation is compiled in"
|
|
|
5878 :else
|
|
|
5879 : echo "You will _never_ see this message"
|
|
|
5880 :endif
|
|
|
5881
|
|
|
5882 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
5883 11. The sandbox *eval-sandbox* *sandbox* *E48*
|
|
|
5884
|
|
|
5885 The 'foldexpr', 'includeexpr', 'indentexpr', 'statusline' and 'foldtext'
|
|
|
5886 options are evaluated in a sandbox. This means that you are protected from
|
|
|
5887 these expressions having nasty side effects. This gives some safety for when
|
|
|
5888 these options are set from a modeline. It is also used when the command from
|
|
|
5889 a tags file is executed.
|
|
29
|
5890 The sandbox is also used for the |:sandbox| command.
|
|
7
|
5891
|
|
|
5892 These items are not allowed in the sandbox:
|
|
|
5893 - changing the buffer text
|
|
|
5894 - defining or changing mapping, autocommands, functions, user commands
|
|
|
5895 - setting certain options (see |option-summary|)
|
|
|
5896 - executing a shell command
|
|
|
5897 - reading or writing a file
|
|
|
5898 - jumping to another buffer or editing a file
|
|
29
|
5899 This is not guaranteed 100% secure, but it should block most attacks.
|
|
|
5900
|
|
|
5901 *:san* *:sandbox*
|
|
|
5902 :sandbox {cmd} Execute {cmd} in the sandbox. Useful to evaluate an
|
|
|
5903 option that may have been set from a modeline, e.g.
|
|
|
5904 'foldexpr'.
|
|
|
5905
|
|
7
|
5906
|
|
|
5907 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
|
