Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/if_lua.txt @ 24124:f4061617c438 v8.2.2603
patch 8.2.2603: Vim9: no effect if user command is also a function
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/77b10ffad4ebad15022614be4db2745f6a90f405
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Sun Mar 14 13:21:35 2021 +0100
patch 8.2.2603: Vim9: no effect if user command is also a function
Problem: Vim9: no effect if user command is also a function.
Solution: Check for paren following. (closes https://github.com/vim/vim/issues/7960)
author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
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date | Sun, 14 Mar 2021 13:30:03 +0100 |
parents | 1b345fb68ae3 |
children | 0878f0fd349b |
rev | line source |
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21093 | 1 *if_lua.txt* For Vim version 8.2. Last change: 2020 Jun 28 |
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2 |
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3 |
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Luis Carvalho |
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5 |
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6 |
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7 The Lua Interface to Vim *lua* *Lua* |
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8 |
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9 1. Commands |lua-commands| |
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10 2. The vim module |lua-vim| |
3450 | 11 3. List userdata |lua-list| |
12 4. Dict userdata |lua-dict| | |
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13 5. Blob userdata |lua-blob| |
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14 6. Funcref userdata |lua-funcref| |
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15 7. Buffer userdata |lua-buffer| |
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16 8. Window userdata |lua-window| |
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17 9. luaeval() Vim function |lua-luaeval| |
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18 10. Dynamic loading |lua-dynamic| |
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19 |
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20 {only available when Vim was compiled with the |+lua| feature} |
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21 |
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22 ============================================================================== |
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23 1. Commands *lua-commands* |
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24 |
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25 *:lua* |
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26 :[range]lua {chunk} |
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27 Execute Lua chunk {chunk}. |
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28 |
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29 Examples: |
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30 > |
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31 :lua print("Hello, Vim!") |
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32 :lua local curbuf = vim.buffer() curbuf[7] = "line #7" |
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33 < |
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34 |
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35 :[range]lua << [trim] [{endmarker}] |
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36 {script} |
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37 {endmarker} |
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38 Execute Lua script {script}. |
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39 Note: This command doesn't work when the Lua |
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40 feature wasn't compiled in. To avoid errors, see |
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41 |script-here|. |
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42 |
17571 | 43 If [endmarker] is omitted from after the "<<", a dot '.' must be used after |
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44 {script}, like for the |:append| and |:insert| commands. Refer to |
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45 |:let-heredoc| for more information. |
17571 | 46 |
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47 This form of the |:lua| command is mainly useful for including Lua code |
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48 in Vim scripts. |
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49 |
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50 Example: |
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51 > |
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52 function! CurrentLineInfo() |
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53 lua << EOF |
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54 local linenr = vim.window().line |
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55 local curline = vim.buffer()[linenr] |
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56 print(string.format("Current line [%d] has %d chars", |
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57 linenr, #curline)) |
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58 EOF |
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59 endfunction |
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60 < |
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61 To see what version of Lua you have: > |
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62 :lua print(_VERSION) |
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63 |
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64 If you use LuaJIT you can also use this: > |
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65 :lua print(jit.version) |
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66 < |
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67 |
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68 *:luado* |
3465 | 69 :[range]luado {body} Execute Lua function "function (line, linenr) {body} |
70 end" for each line in the [range], with the function | |
71 argument being set to the text of each line in turn, | |
72 without a trailing <EOL>, and the current line number. | |
73 If the value returned by the function is a string it | |
74 becomes the text of the line in the current turn. The | |
75 default for [range] is the whole file: "1,$". | |
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76 |
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77 Examples: |
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78 > |
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79 :luado return string.format("%s\t%d", line:reverse(), #line) |
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80 |
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81 :lua require"lpeg" |
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82 :lua -- balanced parenthesis grammar: |
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83 :lua bp = lpeg.P{ "(" * ((1 - lpeg.S"()") + lpeg.V(1))^0 * ")" } |
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84 :luado if bp:match(line) then return "-->\t" .. line end |
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85 < |
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86 |
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87 *:luafile* |
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88 :[range]luafile {file} |
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89 Execute Lua script in {file}. |
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90 The whole argument is used as a single file name. |
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91 |
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92 Examples: |
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93 > |
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94 :luafile script.lua |
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95 :luafile % |
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96 < |
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97 |
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98 All these commands execute a Lua chunk from either the command line (:lua and |
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99 :luado) or a file (:luafile) with the given line [range]. Similarly to the Lua |
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100 interpreter, each chunk has its own scope and so only global variables are |
3450 | 101 shared between command calls. All Lua default libraries are available. In |
102 addition, Lua "print" function has its output redirected to the Vim message | |
103 area, with arguments separated by a white space instead of a tab. | |
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104 |
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105 Lua uses the "vim" module (see |lua-vim|) to issue commands to Vim |
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106 and manage buffers (|lua-buffer|) and windows (|lua-window|). However, |
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107 procedures that alter buffer content, open new buffers, and change cursor |
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108 position are restricted when the command is executed in the |sandbox|. |
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109 |
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110 |
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111 ============================================================================== |
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112 2. The vim module *lua-vim* |
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113 |
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114 Lua interfaces Vim through the "vim" module. The first and last line of the |
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115 input range are stored in "vim.firstline" and "vim.lastline" respectively. The |
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116 module also includes routines for buffer, window, and current line queries, |
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117 Vim evaluation and command execution, and others. |
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118 |
4911 | 119 vim.list([arg]) Returns an empty list or, if "arg" is a Lua |
120 table with numeric keys 1, ..., n (a | |
121 "sequence"), returns a list l such that l[i] = | |
122 arg[i] for i = 1, ..., n (see |List|). | |
123 Non-numeric keys are not used to initialize | |
124 the list. See also |lua-eval| for conversion | |
125 rules. Example: > | |
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126 :lua t = {math.pi, false, say = 'hi'} |
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127 :echo luaeval('vim.list(t)') |
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128 :" [3.141593, v:false], 'say' is ignored |
4911 | 129 < |
130 vim.dict([arg]) Returns an empty dictionary or, if "arg" is a | |
131 Lua table, returns a dict d such that d[k] = | |
132 arg[k] for all string keys k in "arg" (see | |
133 |Dictionary|). Number keys are converted to | |
134 strings. Keys that are not strings are not | |
135 used to initialize the dictionary. See also | |
136 |lua-eval| for conversion rules. Example: > | |
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137 :lua t = {math.pi, false, say = 'hi'} |
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138 :echo luaeval('vim.dict(t)') |
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139 :" {'1': 3.141593, '2': v:false, |
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140 :" 'say': 'hi'} |
4911 | 141 < |
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142 vim.blob([arg]) Returns an empty blob or, if "arg" is a Lua |
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143 string, returns a blob b such that b is |
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144 equivalent to "arg" as a byte string. |
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145 Examples: > |
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146 :lua s = "12ab\x00\x80\xfe\xff" |
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147 :echo luaeval('vim.blob(s)') |
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148 :" 0z31326162.0080FEFF |
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149 < |
4911 | 150 vim.funcref({name}) Returns a Funcref to function {name} (see |
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151 |Funcref|). It is equivalent to Vim's |
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152 function(). |
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153 |
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154 vim.buffer([arg]) If "arg" is a number, returns buffer with |
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155 number "arg" in the buffer list or, if "arg" |
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156 is a string, returns buffer whose full or short |
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157 name is "arg". In both cases, returns 'nil' |
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158 (nil value, not string) if the buffer is not |
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159 found. Otherwise, if "toboolean(arg)" is |
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160 'true' returns the first buffer in the buffer |
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161 list or else the current buffer. |
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162 |
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163 vim.window([arg]) If "arg" is a number, returns window with |
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164 number "arg" or 'nil' (nil value, not string) |
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165 if not found. Otherwise, if "toboolean(arg)" |
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166 is 'true' returns the first window or else the |
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167 current window. |
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168 |
3450 | 169 vim.type({arg}) Returns the type of {arg}. It is equivalent to |
170 Lua's "type" function, but returns "list", | |
4911 | 171 "dict", "funcref", "buffer", or "window" if |
172 {arg} is a list, dictionary, funcref, buffer, | |
173 or window, respectively. Examples: > | |
3450 | 174 :lua l = vim.list() |
175 :lua print(type(l), vim.type(l)) | |
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176 :" list |
3450 | 177 < |
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178 vim.command({cmd}) Executes the vim (ex-mode) command {cmd}. |
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179 Examples: > |
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180 :lua vim.command"set tw=60" |
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181 :lua vim.command"normal ddp" |
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182 < |
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183 vim.eval({expr}) Evaluates expression {expr} (see |expression|), |
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184 converts the result to Lua, and returns it. |
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185 Vim strings and numbers are directly converted |
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186 to Lua strings and numbers respectively. Vim |
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187 lists and dictionaries are converted to Lua |
3450 | 188 userdata (see |lua-list| and |lua-dict|). |
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189 Examples: > |
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190 :lua tw = vim.eval"&tw" |
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191 :lua print(vim.eval"{'a': 'one'}".a) |
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192 < |
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193 vim.line() Returns the current line (without the trailing |
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194 <EOL>), a Lua string. |
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195 |
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196 vim.beep() Beeps. |
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197 |
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198 vim.open({fname}) Opens a new buffer for file {fname} and |
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199 returns it. Note that the buffer is not set as |
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200 current. |
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201 |
21676 | 202 vim.call({name} [, {args}]) |
203 Proxy to call Vim function named {name} with | |
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204 arguments {args}. Example: > |
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205 :lua print(vim.call('has', 'timers')) |
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206 < |
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207 vim.fn Proxy to call Vim functions. Proxy methods are |
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208 created on demand. Example: > |
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209 :lua print(vim.fn.has('timers')) |
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210 < |
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211 |
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212 ============================================================================== |
3450 | 213 3. List userdata *lua-list* |
214 | |
215 List userdata represent vim lists, and the interface tries to follow closely | |
216 Vim's syntax for lists. Since lists are objects, changes in list references in | |
217 Lua are reflected in Vim and vice-versa. A list "l" has the following | |
218 properties and methods: | |
219 | |
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220 NOTE: In patch 8.2.1066 array indexes were changed from zero-based to |
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221 one-based. You can check with: > |
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222 if has("patch-8.2.1066") |
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223 |
3450 | 224 Properties |
225 ---------- | |
226 o "#l" is the number of items in list "l", equivalent to "len(l)" | |
227 in Vim. | |
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228 o "l[k]" returns the k-th item in "l"; "l" is one-indexed, as in Lua. |
3450 | 229 To modify the k-th item, simply do "l[k] = newitem"; in |
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230 particular, "l[k] = nil" removes the k-th item from "l". Item can |
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231 be added to the end of the list by "l[#l + 1] = newitem" |
3450 | 232 o "l()" returns an iterator for "l". |
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233 o "table.insert(l, newitem)" inserts an item at the end of the list. |
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234 (only Lua 5.3 and later) |
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235 o "table.insert(l, position, newitem)" inserts an item at the |
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236 specified position. "position" is one-indexed. (only Lua 5.3 and |
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237 later) |
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238 o "table.remove(l, position)" removes an item at the specified |
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239 position. "position" is one-indexed. |
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240 |
3450 | 241 |
242 Methods | |
243 ------- | |
244 o "l:add(item)" appends "item" to the end of "l". | |
245 o "l:insert(item[, pos])" inserts "item" at (optional) | |
246 position "pos" in the list. The default value for "pos" is 0. | |
247 | |
248 Examples: | |
249 > | |
250 :let l = [1, 'item'] | |
251 :lua l = vim.eval('l') -- same 'l' | |
252 :lua l:add(vim.list()) | |
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253 :lua l[1] = math.pi |
3450 | 254 :echo l[0] " 3.141593 |
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255 :lua l[1] = nil -- remove first item |
3450 | 256 :lua l:insert(true, 1) |
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257 :lua print(l, #l, l[1], l[2]) |
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258 :lua l[#l + 1] = 'value' |
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259 :lua table.insert(l, 100) |
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260 :lua table.insert(l, 2, 200) |
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261 :lua table.remove(l, 1) |
3450 | 262 :lua for item in l() do print(item) end |
263 | |
264 ============================================================================== | |
265 4. Dict userdata *lua-dict* | |
266 | |
267 Similarly to list userdata, dict userdata represent vim dictionaries; since | |
268 dictionaries are also objects, references are kept between Lua and Vim. A dict | |
269 "d" has the following properties: | |
270 | |
271 Properties | |
272 ---------- | |
273 o "#d" is the number of items in dict "d", equivalent to "len(d)" | |
274 in Vim. | |
275 o "d.key" or "d['key']" returns the value at entry "key" in "d". | |
276 To modify the entry at this key, simply do "d.key = newvalue"; in | |
277 particular, "d.key = nil" removes the entry from "d". | |
278 o "d()" returns an iterator for "d" and is equivalent to "items(d)" in | |
279 Vim. | |
280 | |
281 Examples: | |
282 > | |
283 :let d = {'n':10} | |
284 :lua d = vim.eval('d') -- same 'd' | |
285 :lua print(d, d.n, #d) | |
286 :let d.self = d | |
287 :lua for k, v in d() do print(d, k, v) end | |
288 :lua d.x = math.pi | |
289 :lua d.self = nil -- remove entry | |
290 :echo d | |
291 < | |
292 | |
293 ============================================================================== | |
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294 5. Blob userdata *lua-blob* |
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295 |
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296 Blob userdata represent vim blobs. A blob "b" has the following properties: |
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297 |
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298 Properties |
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299 ---------- |
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300 o "#b" is the length of blob "b", equivalent to "len(b)" in Vim. |
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301 o "b[k]" returns the k-th item in "b"; "b" is zero-indexed, as in Vim. |
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302 To modify the k-th item, simply do "b[k] = number"; in particular, |
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303 "b[#b] = number" can append a byte to tail. |
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304 |
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305 Methods |
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306 ------- |
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307 o "b:add(bytes)" appends "bytes" to the end of "b". |
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308 |
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309 Examples: |
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310 > |
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311 :let b = 0z001122 |
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312 :lua b = vim.eval('b') -- same 'b' |
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313 :lua print(b, b[0], #b) |
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314 :lua b[1] = 32 |
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315 :lua b[#b] = 0x33 -- append a byte to tail |
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316 :lua b:add("\x80\x81\xfe\xff") |
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317 :echo b |
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318 < |
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319 |
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320 ============================================================================== |
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321 6. Funcref userdata *lua-funcref* |
4911 | 322 |
323 Funcref userdata represent funcref variables in Vim. Funcrefs that were | |
324 defined with a "dict" attribute need to be obtained as a dictionary key | |
325 in order to have "self" properly assigned to the dictionary (see examples | |
326 below.) A funcref "f" has the following properties: | |
327 | |
328 Properties | |
329 ---------- | |
330 o "#f" is the name of the function referenced by "f" | |
331 o "f(...)" calls the function referenced by "f" (with arguments) | |
332 | |
333 Examples: | |
334 > | |
335 :function I(x) | |
336 : return a:x | |
337 : endfunction | |
338 :let R = function('I') | |
339 :lua i1 = vim.funcref('I') | |
340 :lua i2 = vim.eval('R') | |
341 :lua print(#i1, #i2) -- both 'I' | |
342 :lua print(i1, i2, #i2(i1) == #i1(i2)) | |
343 :function Mylen() dict | |
344 : return len(self.data) | |
345 : endfunction | |
346 :let mydict = {'data': [0, 1, 2, 3]} | |
347 :lua d = vim.eval('mydict'); d.len = vim.funcref('Mylen') | |
348 :echo mydict.len() | |
349 :lua l = d.len -- assign d as 'self' | |
350 :lua print(l()) | |
351 < | |
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352 Lua functions and closures are automatically converted to a Vim |Funcref| and |
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353 can be accessed in Vim scripts. Example: |
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354 > |
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355 lua <<EOF |
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356 vim.fn.timer_start(1000, function(timer) |
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357 print('timer callback') |
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358 end) |
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359 EOF |
4911 | 360 |
361 ============================================================================== | |
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362 7. Buffer userdata *lua-buffer* |
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363 |
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364 Buffer userdata represent vim buffers. A buffer userdata "b" has the following |
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365 properties and methods: |
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366 |
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367 Properties |
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368 ---------- |
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369 o "b()" sets "b" as the current buffer. |
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370 o "#b" is the number of lines in buffer "b". |
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371 o "b[k]" represents line number k: "b[k] = newline" replaces line k |
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372 with string "newline" and "b[k] = nil" deletes line k. |
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373 o "b.name" contains the short name of buffer "b" (read-only). |
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374 o "b.fname" contains the full name of buffer "b" (read-only). |
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375 o "b.number" contains the position of buffer "b" in the buffer list |
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376 (read-only). |
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377 |
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378 Methods |
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379 ------- |
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380 o "b:insert(newline[, pos])" inserts string "newline" at (optional) |
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381 position "pos" in the buffer. The default value for "pos" is |
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382 "#b + 1". If "pos == 0" then "newline" becomes the first line in |
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383 the buffer. |
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384 o "b:next()" returns the buffer next to "b" in the buffer list. |
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385 o "b:previous()" returns the buffer previous to "b" in the buffer |
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386 list. |
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387 o "b:isvalid()" returns 'true' (boolean) if buffer "b" corresponds to |
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388 a "real" (not freed from memory) Vim buffer. |
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389 |
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390 Examples: |
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391 > |
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392 :lua b = vim.buffer() -- current buffer |
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393 :lua print(b.name, b.number) |
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394 :lua b[1] = "first line" |
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395 :lua b:insert("FIRST!", 0) |
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396 :lua b[1] = nil -- delete top line |
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397 :lua for i=1,3 do b:insert(math.random()) end |
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398 :3,4lua for i=vim.lastline,vim.firstline,-1 do b[i] = nil end |
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399 :lua vim.open"myfile"() -- open buffer and set it as current |
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400 |
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401 function! ListBuffers() |
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402 lua << EOF |
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403 local b = vim.buffer(true) -- first buffer in list |
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404 while b ~= nil do |
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405 print(b.number, b.name, #b) |
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406 b = b:next() |
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407 end |
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408 vim.beep() |
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409 EOF |
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410 endfunction |
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411 < |
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412 |
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413 ============================================================================== |
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414 8. Window userdata *lua-window* |
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415 |
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416 Window objects represent vim windows. A window userdata "w" has the following |
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417 properties and methods: |
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418 |
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419 Properties |
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420 ---------- |
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421 o "w()" sets "w" as the current window. |
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422 o "w.buffer" contains the buffer of window "w" (read-only). |
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423 o "w.line" represents the cursor line position in window "w". |
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424 o "w.col" represents the cursor column position in window "w". |
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425 o "w.width" represents the width of window "w". |
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426 o "w.height" represents the height of window "w". |
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427 |
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428 Methods |
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429 ------- |
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430 o "w:next()" returns the window next to "w". |
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431 o "w:previous()" returns the window previous to "w". |
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432 o "w:isvalid()" returns 'true' (boolean) if window "w" corresponds to |
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433 a "real" (not freed from memory) Vim window. |
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434 |
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435 Examples: |
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436 > |
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437 :lua w = vim.window() -- current window |
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438 :lua print(w.buffer.name, w.line, w.col) |
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439 :lua w.width = w.width + math.random(10) |
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440 :lua w.height = 2 * math.random() * w.height |
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441 :lua n,w = 0,vim.window(true) while w~=nil do n,w = n + 1,w:next() end |
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442 :lua print("There are " .. n .. " windows") |
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443 < |
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444 |
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445 ============================================================================== |
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446 9. luaeval() Vim function *lua-luaeval* *lua-eval* |
3450 | 447 |
448 The (dual) equivalent of "vim.eval" for passing Lua values to Vim is | |
449 "luaeval". "luaeval" takes an expression string and an optional argument and | |
450 returns the result of the expression. It is semantically equivalent in Lua to: | |
451 > | |
452 local chunkheader = "local _A = select(1, ...) return " | |
453 function luaeval (expstr, arg) | |
454 local chunk = assert(loadstring(chunkheader .. expstr, "luaeval")) | |
455 return chunk(arg) -- return typval | |
456 end | |
457 < | |
4911 | 458 Note that "_A" receives the argument to "luaeval". Lua numbers, strings, and |
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459 list, dict, blob, and funcref userdata are converted to their Vim respective |
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460 types, while Lua booleans are converted to numbers. An error is thrown if |
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461 conversion of any of the remaining Lua types, including userdata other than |
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462 lists, dicts, blobs, and funcrefs, is attempted. |
4911 | 463 |
464 Examples: > | |
3450 | 465 |
466 :echo luaeval('math.pi') | |
467 :lua a = vim.list():add('newlist') | |
468 :let a = luaeval('a') | |
469 :echo a[0] " 'newlist' | |
470 :function Rand(x,y) " random uniform between x and y | |
471 : return luaeval('(_A.y-_A.x)*math.random()+_A.x', {'x':a:x,'y':a:y}) | |
472 : endfunction | |
473 :echo Rand(1,10) | |
474 | |
475 | |
476 ============================================================================== | |
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477 10. Dynamic loading *lua-dynamic* |
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478 |
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479 On MS-Windows and Unix the Lua library can be loaded dynamically. The |
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480 |:version| output then includes |+lua/dyn|. |
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481 |
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482 This means that Vim will search for the Lua DLL or shared library file only |
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483 when needed. When you don't use the Lua interface you don't need it, thus |
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484 you can use Vim without this file. |
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485 |
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486 |
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487 MS-Windows ~ |
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488 |
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489 To use the Lua interface the Lua DLL must be in your search path. In a |
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490 console window type "path" to see what directories are used. The 'luadll' |
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491 option can be also used to specify the Lua DLL. The version of the DLL must |
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492 match the Lua version Vim was compiled with. |
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493 |
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494 |
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495 Unix ~ |
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496 |
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497 The 'luadll' option can be used to specify the Lua shared library file instead |
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498 of DYNAMIC_LUA_DLL file what was specified at compile time. The version of |
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499 the shared library must match the Lua version Vim was compiled with. |
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500 |
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501 |
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502 ============================================================================== |
3450 | 503 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |