Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/if_lua.txt @ 3450:b067b8b81be9 v7.3.490
updated for version 7.3.490
Problem: Member confusion in Lua interface.
Solution: Fix it. Add luaeval(). (Taro Muraoka, Luis Carvalho)
| author | Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 05 Apr 2012 16:54:08 +0200 |
| parents | ee53a39d5896 |
| children | 161d01cbb165 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 3450 | 1 *if_lua.txt* For Vim version 7.3. Last change: 2012 Jan 16 |
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Luis Carvalho |
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5 |
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7 The Lua Interface to Vim *lua* *Lua* |
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8 |
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9 1. Commands |lua-commands| |
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10 2. The vim module |lua-vim| |
| 3450 | 11 3. List userdata |lua-list| |
| 12 4. Dict userdata |lua-dict| | |
| 13 5. Buffer userdata |lua-buffer| | |
| 14 6. Window userdata |lua-window| | |
| 15 7. The luaeval function |lua-luaeval| | |
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16 |
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17 {Vi does not have any of these commands} |
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18 |
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19 The Lua interface is available only when Vim was compiled with the |
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20 |+lua| feature. |
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21 |
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22 ============================================================================== |
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23 1. Commands *lua-commands* |
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24 |
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25 *:lua* |
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26 :[range]lua {chunk} |
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27 Execute Lua chunk {chunk}. {not in Vi} |
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28 |
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29 Examples: |
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30 > |
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31 :lua print("Hello, Vim!") |
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32 :lua local curbuf = vim.buffer() curbuf[7] = "line #7" |
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33 < |
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34 |
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35 :[range]lua << {endmarker} |
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36 {script} |
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37 {endmarker} |
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38 Execute Lua script {script}. {not in Vi} |
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39 Note: This command doesn't work when the Lua |
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40 feature wasn't compiled in. To avoid errors, see |
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41 |script-here|. |
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42 |
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43 {endmarker} must NOT be preceded by any white space. If {endmarker} is |
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44 omitted from after the "<<", a dot '.' must be used after {script}, like |
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45 for the |:append| and |:insert| commands. |
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46 This form of the |:lua| command is mainly useful for including Lua code |
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47 in Vim scripts. |
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48 |
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49 Example: |
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50 > |
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51 function! CurrentLineInfo() |
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52 lua << EOF |
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53 local linenr = vim.window().line |
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54 local curline = vim.buffer()[linenr] |
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55 print(string.format("Current line [%d] has %d chars", |
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56 linenr, #curline)) |
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57 EOF |
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58 endfunction |
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59 < |
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60 |
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61 *:luado* |
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62 :[range]luado {body} Execute Lua function "function (line) {body} end" for |
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63 each line in the [range], with the function argument |
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64 being set to the text of each line in turn, without a |
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65 trailing <EOL>. If the value returned by the function |
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66 is a string it becomes the text of the line in the |
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67 current turn. The default for [range] is the whole |
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68 file: "1,$". {not in Vi} |
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69 |
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70 Examples: |
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71 > |
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72 :luado return string.format("%s\t%d", line:reverse(), #line) |
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73 |
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74 :lua require"lpeg" |
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75 :lua -- balanced parenthesis grammar: |
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76 :lua bp = lpeg.P{ "(" * ((1 - lpeg.S"()") + lpeg.V(1))^0 * ")" } |
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77 :luado if bp:match(line) then return "-->\t" .. line end |
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78 < |
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79 |
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80 *:luafile* |
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81 :[range]luafile {file} |
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82 Execute Lua script in {file}. {not in Vi} |
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83 The whole argument is used as a single file name. |
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84 |
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85 Examples: |
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86 > |
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87 :luafile script.lua |
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88 :luafile % |
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89 < |
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90 |
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91 All these commands execute a Lua chunk from either the command line (:lua and |
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92 :luado) or a file (:luafile) with the given line [range]. Similarly to the Lua |
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93 interpreter, each chunk has its own scope and so only global variables are |
| 3450 | 94 shared between command calls. All Lua default libraries are available. In |
| 95 addition, Lua "print" function has its output redirected to the Vim message | |
| 96 area, with arguments separated by a white space instead of a tab. | |
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97 |
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98 Lua uses the "vim" module (see |lua-vim|) to issue commands to Vim |
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99 and manage buffers (|lua-buffer|) and windows (|lua-window|). However, |
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100 procedures that alter buffer content, open new buffers, and change cursor |
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101 position are restricted when the command is executed in the |sandbox|. |
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102 |
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103 |
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104 ============================================================================== |
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105 2. The vim module *lua-vim* |
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106 |
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107 Lua interfaces Vim through the "vim" module. The first and last line of the |
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108 input range are stored in "vim.firstline" and "vim.lastline" respectively. The |
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109 module also includes routines for buffer, window, and current line queries, |
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110 Vim evaluation and command execution, and others. |
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111 |
| 3450 | 112 vim.list() Returns an empty list (see |List|). |
| 113 | |
| 114 vim.dict() Returns an empty dictionary (see |Dictionary|). | |
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115 |
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116 vim.buffer([arg]) If "arg" is a number, returns buffer with |
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117 number "arg" in the buffer list or, if "arg" |
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118 is a string, returns buffer whose full or short |
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119 name is "arg". In both cases, returns 'nil' |
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120 (nil value, not string) if the buffer is not |
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121 found. Otherwise, if "toboolean(arg)" is |
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122 'true' returns the first buffer in the buffer |
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123 list or else the current buffer. |
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124 |
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125 vim.window([arg]) If "arg" is a number, returns window with |
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126 number "arg" or 'nil' (nil value, not string) |
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127 if not found. Otherwise, if "toboolean(arg)" |
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128 is 'true' returns the first window or else the |
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129 current window. |
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130 |
| 3450 | 131 vim.type({arg}) Returns the type of {arg}. It is equivalent to |
| 132 Lua's "type" function, but returns "list", | |
| 133 "dict", "buffer", or "window" if {arg} is a | |
| 134 list, dictionary, buffer, or window, | |
| 135 respectively. Examples: > | |
| 136 :lua l = vim.list() | |
| 137 :lua print(type(l), vim.type(l)) | |
| 138 :" userdata list | |
| 139 < | |
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140 vim.command({cmd}) Executes the vim (ex-mode) command {cmd}. |
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141 Examples: > |
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142 :lua vim.command"set tw=60" |
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143 :lua vim.command"normal ddp" |
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144 < |
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145 vim.eval({expr}) Evaluates expression {expr} (see |expression|), |
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146 converts the result to Lua, and returns it. |
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147 Vim strings and numbers are directly converted |
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148 to Lua strings and numbers respectively. Vim |
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149 lists and dictionaries are converted to Lua |
| 3450 | 150 userdata (see |lua-list| and |lua-dict|). |
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151 Examples: > |
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152 :lua tw = vim.eval"&tw" |
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153 :lua print(vim.eval"{'a': 'one'}".a) |
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154 < |
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155 vim.line() Returns the current line (without the trailing |
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156 <EOL>), a Lua string. |
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157 |
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158 vim.beep() Beeps. |
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159 |
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160 vim.open({fname}) Opens a new buffer for file {fname} and |
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161 returns it. Note that the buffer is not set as |
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162 current. |
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163 |
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164 |
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165 ============================================================================== |
| 3450 | 166 3. List userdata *lua-list* |
| 167 | |
| 168 List userdata represent vim lists, and the interface tries to follow closely | |
| 169 Vim's syntax for lists. Since lists are objects, changes in list references in | |
| 170 Lua are reflected in Vim and vice-versa. A list "l" has the following | |
| 171 properties and methods: | |
| 172 | |
| 173 Properties | |
| 174 ---------- | |
| 175 o "#l" is the number of items in list "l", equivalent to "len(l)" | |
| 176 in Vim. | |
| 177 o "l[k]" returns the k-th item in "l"; "l" is zero-indexed, as in Vim. | |
| 178 To modify the k-th item, simply do "l[k] = newitem"; in | |
| 179 particular, "l[k] = nil" removes the k-th item from "l". | |
| 180 o "l()" returns an iterator for "l". | |
| 181 | |
| 182 Methods | |
| 183 ------- | |
| 184 o "l:add(item)" appends "item" to the end of "l". | |
| 185 o "l:insert(item[, pos])" inserts "item" at (optional) | |
| 186 position "pos" in the list. The default value for "pos" is 0. | |
| 187 | |
| 188 Examples: | |
| 189 > | |
| 190 :let l = [1, 'item'] | |
| 191 :lua l = vim.eval('l') -- same 'l' | |
| 192 :lua l:add(vim.list()) | |
| 193 :lua l[0] = math.pi | |
| 194 :echo l[0] " 3.141593 | |
| 195 :lua l[0] = nil -- remove first item | |
| 196 :lua l:insert(true, 1) | |
| 197 :lua print(l, #l, l[0], l[1], l[-1]) | |
| 198 :lua for item in l() do print(item) end | |
| 199 < | |
| 200 | |
| 201 ============================================================================== | |
| 202 4. Dict userdata *lua-dict* | |
| 203 | |
| 204 Similarly to list userdata, dict userdata represent vim dictionaries; since | |
| 205 dictionaries are also objects, references are kept between Lua and Vim. A dict | |
| 206 "d" has the following properties: | |
| 207 | |
| 208 Properties | |
| 209 ---------- | |
| 210 o "#d" is the number of items in dict "d", equivalent to "len(d)" | |
| 211 in Vim. | |
| 212 o "d.key" or "d['key']" returns the value at entry "key" in "d". | |
| 213 To modify the entry at this key, simply do "d.key = newvalue"; in | |
| 214 particular, "d.key = nil" removes the entry from "d". | |
| 215 o "d()" returns an iterator for "d" and is equivalent to "items(d)" in | |
| 216 Vim. | |
| 217 | |
| 218 Examples: | |
| 219 > | |
| 220 :let d = {'n':10} | |
| 221 :lua d = vim.eval('d') -- same 'd' | |
| 222 :lua print(d, d.n, #d) | |
| 223 :let d.self = d | |
| 224 :lua for k, v in d() do print(d, k, v) end | |
| 225 :lua d.x = math.pi | |
| 226 :lua d.self = nil -- remove entry | |
| 227 :echo d | |
| 228 < | |
| 229 | |
| 230 ============================================================================== | |
| 231 5. Buffer userdata *lua-buffer* | |
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232 |
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233 Buffer userdata represent vim buffers. A buffer userdata "b" has the following |
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234 properties and methods: |
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235 |
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236 Properties |
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237 ---------- |
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238 o "b()" sets "b" as the current buffer. |
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239 o "#b" is the number of lines in buffer "b". |
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240 o "b[k]" represents line number k: "b[k] = newline" replaces line k |
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241 with string "newline" and "b[k] = nil" deletes line k. |
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242 o "b.name" contains the short name of buffer "b" (read-only). |
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243 o "b.fname" contains the full name of buffer "b" (read-only). |
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244 o "b.number" contains the position of buffer "b" in the buffer list |
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245 (read-only). |
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246 |
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247 Methods |
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248 ------- |
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249 o "b:insert(newline[, pos])" inserts string "newline" at (optional) |
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250 position "pos" in the buffer. The default value for "pos" is |
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251 "#b + 1". If "pos == 0" then "newline" becomes the first line in |
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252 the buffer. |
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253 o "b:next()" returns the buffer next to "b" in the buffer list. |
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254 o "b:previous()" returns the buffer previous to "b" in the buffer |
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255 list. |
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256 o "b:isvalid()" returns 'true' (boolean) if buffer "b" corresponds to |
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257 a "real" (not freed from memory) Vim buffer. |
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258 |
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259 Examples: |
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260 > |
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261 :lua b = vim.buffer() -- current buffer |
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262 :lua print(b.name, b.number) |
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263 :lua b[1] = "first line" |
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264 :lua b:insert("FIRST!", 0) |
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265 :lua b[1] = nil -- delete top line |
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266 :lua for i=1,3 do b:insert(math.random()) end |
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267 :3,4lua for i=vim.lastline,vim.firstline,-1 do b[i] = nil end |
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268 :lua vim.open"myfile"() -- open buffer and set it as current |
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269 |
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270 function! ListBuffers() |
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271 lua << EOF |
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272 local b = vim.buffer(true) -- first buffer in list |
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273 while b ~= nil do |
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274 print(b.number, b.name, #b) |
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275 b = b:next() |
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276 end |
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277 vim.beep() |
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278 EOF |
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279 endfunction |
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280 < |
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281 |
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282 ============================================================================== |
| 3450 | 283 6. Window userdata *lua-window* |
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284 |
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285 Window objects represent vim windows. A window userdata "w" has the following |
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286 properties and methods: |
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287 |
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288 Properties |
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289 ---------- |
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290 o "w()" sets "w" as the current window. |
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291 o "w.buffer" contains the buffer of window "w" (read-only). |
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292 o "w.line" represents the cursor line position in window "w". |
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293 o "w.col" represents the cursor column position in window "w". |
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294 o "w.width" represents the width of window "w". |
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295 o "w.height" represents the height of window "w". |
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296 |
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297 Methods |
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298 ------- |
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299 o "w:next()" returns the window next to "w". |
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300 o "w:previous()" returns the window previous to "w". |
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301 o "w:isvalid()" returns 'true' (boolean) if window "w" corresponds to |
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302 a "real" (not freed from memory) Vim window. |
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303 |
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304 Examples: |
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305 > |
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306 :lua w = vim.window() -- current window |
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307 :lua print(w.buffer.name, w.line, w.col) |
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308 :lua w.width = w.width + math.random(10) |
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309 :lua w.height = 2 * math.random() * w.height |
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310 :lua n,w = 0,vim.window(true) while w~=nil do n,w = n + 1,w:next() end |
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311 :lua print("There are " .. n .. " windows") |
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312 < |
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313 |
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314 ============================================================================== |
| 3450 | 315 7. The luaeval function *lua-luaeval* |
| 316 | |
| 317 The (dual) equivalent of "vim.eval" for passing Lua values to Vim is | |
| 318 "luaeval". "luaeval" takes an expression string and an optional argument and | |
| 319 returns the result of the expression. It is semantically equivalent in Lua to: | |
| 320 > | |
| 321 local chunkheader = "local _A = select(1, ...) return " | |
| 322 function luaeval (expstr, arg) | |
| 323 local chunk = assert(loadstring(chunkheader .. expstr, "luaeval")) | |
| 324 return chunk(arg) -- return typval | |
| 325 end | |
| 326 < | |
| 327 Note that "_A" receives the argument to "luaeval". Examples: > | |
| 328 | |
| 329 :echo luaeval('math.pi') | |
| 330 :lua a = vim.list():add('newlist') | |
| 331 :let a = luaeval('a') | |
| 332 :echo a[0] " 'newlist' | |
| 333 :function Rand(x,y) " random uniform between x and y | |
| 334 : return luaeval('(_A.y-_A.x)*math.random()+_A.x', {'x':a:x,'y':a:y}) | |
| 335 : endfunction | |
| 336 :echo Rand(1,10) | |
| 337 | |
| 338 | |
| 339 ============================================================================== | |
| 340 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |