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1 *windows.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Dec 29
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2
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3
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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5
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6
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7 Editing with multiple windows and buffers. *windows* *buffers*
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8
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9 The commands which have been added to use multiple windows and buffers are
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10 explained here. Additionally, there are explanations for commands that work
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11 differently when used in combination with more than one window.
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12
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13 The basics are explained in chapter 7 and 8 of the user manual |usr_07.txt|
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14 |usr_08.txt|.
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15
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16 1. Introduction |windows-intro|
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17 2. Starting Vim |windows-starting|
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18 3. Opening and closing a window |opening-window|
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19 4. Moving cursor to other windows |window-move-cursor|
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20 5. Moving windows around |window-moving|
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21 6. Window resizing |window-resize|
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22 7. Argument and buffer list commands |buffer-list|
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23 8. Do a command in all buffers or windows |list-repeat|
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24 9. Tag or file name under the cursor |window-tag|
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25 10. The preview window |preview-window|
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26 11. Using hidden buffers |buffer-hidden|
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27 12. Special kinds of buffers |special-buffers|
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28
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29 {Vi does not have any of these commands}
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30 {not able to use multiple windows when the |+windows| feature was disabled at
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31 compile time}
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32 {not able to use vertically split windows when the |+vertsplit| feature was
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33 disabled at compile time}
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34
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35 ==============================================================================
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36 1. Introduction *windows-intro*
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37
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38 A window is a viewport onto a buffer. You can use multiple windows on one
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39 buffer, or several windows on different buffers.
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40
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41 A buffer is a file loaded into memory for editing. The original file remains
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42 unchanged until you write the buffer to the file.
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43
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44 A buffer can be in one of three states:
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45
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46 *active-buffer*
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47 active: The buffer is displayed in a window. If there is a file for this
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48 buffer, it has been read into the buffer. The buffer may have been
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49 modified since then and thus be different from the file.
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50 *hidden-buffer*
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51 hidden: The buffer is not displayed. If there is a file for this buffer, it
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52 has been read into the buffer. Otherwise it's the same as an active
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53 buffer, you just can't see it.
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54 *inactive-buffer*
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55 inactive: The buffer is not displayed and does not contain anything. Options
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56 for the buffer are remembered if the file was once loaded. It can
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57 contain marks from the |viminfo| file. But the buffer doesn't
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58 contain text.
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59
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60 In a table:
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61
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62 state displayed loaded ":buffers" ~
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63 in window shows ~
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64 active yes yes 'a'
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65 hidden no yes 'h'
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66 inactive no no ' '
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67
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68 Note: All CTRL-W commands can also be executed with |:wincmd|, for those
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69 places where a Normal mode command can't be used or is inconvenient.
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70
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71 ==============================================================================
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72 2. Starting Vim *windows-starting*
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73
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74 By default, Vim starts with one window, just like Vi.
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75
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76 The "-o" and "-O" arguments to Vim can be used to open a window for each file
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77 in the argument list. The "-o" argument will split the windows horizontally;
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78 the "-O" argument will split the windows vertically. If both "-o" and "-O"
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79 are given, the last one encountered will be used to determine the split
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80 orientation. For example, this will open three windows, split horizontally: >
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81 vim -o file1 file2 file3
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82
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83 "-oN", where N is a decimal number, opens N windows split horizontally. If
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84 there are more file names than windows, only N windows are opened and some
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85 files do not get a window. If there are more windows than file names, the
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86 last few windows will be editing empty buffers. Similarly, "-ON" opens N
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87 windows split vertically, with the same restrictions.
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88
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89 If there are many file names, the windows will become very small. You might
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90 want to set the 'winheight' and/or 'winwidth' options to create a workable
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91 situation.
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92
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93 Buf/Win Enter/Leave |autocommand|s are not executed when opening the new
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94 windows and reading the files, that's only done when they are really entered.
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95
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96 *status-line*
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97 A status line will be used to separate windows. The 'laststatus' option tells
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98 when the last window also has a status line:
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99 'laststatus' = 0 never a status line
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100 'laststatus' = 1 status line if there is more than one window
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101 'laststatus' = 2 always a status line
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102
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103 You can change the contents of the status line with the 'statusline' option.
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104 This option can be local to the window, so that you can have a different
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105 status line in each window.
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106
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107 Normally, inversion is used to display the status line. This can be changed
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108 with the 's' character in the 'highlight' option. For example, "sb" sets it to
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109 bold characters. If no highlighting is used for the status line ("sn"), the
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110 '^' character is used for the current window, and '=' for other windows. If
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111 the mouse is supported and enabled with the 'mouse' option, a status line can
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112 be dragged to resize windows.
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113
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114 Note: If you expect your status line to be in reverse video and it isn't,
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115 check if the 'highlight' option contains "si". In version 3.0, this meant to
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116 invert the status line. Now it should be "sr", reverse the status line, as
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117 "si" now stands for italic! If italic is not available on your terminal, the
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118 status line is inverted anyway; you will only see this problem on terminals
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119 that have termcap codes for italics.
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120
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121 ==============================================================================
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122 3. Opening and closing a window *opening-window* *E36*
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123
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124 CTRL-W s *CTRL-W_s*
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125 CTRL-W S *CTRL-W_S*
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126 CTRL-W CTRL-S *CTRL-W_CTRL-S*
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127 :[N]sp[lit] [++opt] [+cmd] *:sp* *:split*
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128 Split current window in two. The result is two viewports on
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129 the same file. Make new window N high (default is to use half
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130 the height of the current window). Reduces the current window
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131 height to create room (and others, if the 'equalalways' option
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132 is set and 'eadirection' isn't "hor").
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133 Note: CTRL-S does not work on all terminals and might block
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134 further input, use CTRL-Q to get going again.
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135 Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|.
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136
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137 CTRL-W CTRL-V *CTRL-W_CTRL-V*
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138 CTRL-W v *CTRL-W_v*
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139 :[N]vs[plit] [++opt] [+cmd] [file] *:vs* *:vsplit*
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140 Like |:split|, but split vertically. If 'equalalways' is set
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141 and 'eadirection' isn't "ver" the windows will be spread out
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142 horizontally, unless a width was specified.
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143 Note: In other places CTRL-Q does the same as CTRL-V, but here
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144 it doesn't!
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145
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146 CTRL-W n *CTRL-W_n*
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147 CTRL-W CTRL_N *CTRL-W_CTRL-N*
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148 :[N]new [++opt] [+cmd] *:new*
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149 Create a new window and start editing an empty file in it.
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150 Make new window N high (default is to use half the existing
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151 height). Reduces the current window height to create room (and
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152 others, if the 'equalalways' option is set and 'eadirection'
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153 isn't "hor").
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154 Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|.
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155 If 'fileformats' is not empty, the first format given will be
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156 used for the new buffer. If 'fileformats' is empty, the
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157 'fileformat' of the current buffer is used. This can be
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158 overridden with the |++opt| argument.
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159 Autocommands are executed in this order:
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160 1. WinLeave for the current window
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161 2. WinEnter for the new window
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162 3. BufLeave for the current buffer
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163 4. BufEnter for the new buffer
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164 This behaves like a ":split" first, and then a ":e" command.
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165
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166 :[N]vne[w] [++opt] [+cmd] [file] *:vne* *:vnew*
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167 Like |:new|, but split vertically. If 'equalalways' is set
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168 and 'eadirection' isn't "ver" the windows will be spread out
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169 horizontally, unless a width was specified.
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170
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171 :[N]new [++opt] [+cmd] {file}
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172 :[N]sp[lit] [++opt] [+cmd] {file} *:split_f*
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173 Create a new window and start editing file {file} in it.
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174 If [+cmd] is given, execute the command when the file has been
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175 loaded |+cmd|.
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176 Also see |++opt|.
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177 Make new window N high (default is to use half the existing
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178 height). Reduces the current window height to create room
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179 (and others, if the 'equalalways' option is set).
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180
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181 :[N]sv[iew] [++opt] [+cmd] {file} *:sv* *:sview* *splitview*
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182 Same as ":split", but set 'readonly' option for this buffer.
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183
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184 :[N]sf[ind] [++opt] [+cmd] {file} *:sf* *:sfind* *splitfind*
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185 Same as ":split", but search for {file} in 'path'. Doesn't
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186 split if {file} is not found.
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187
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188 CTRL-W CTRL-^ *CTRL-W_CTRL-^* *CTRL-W_^*
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189 CTRL-W ^ Does ":split #", split window in two and edit alternate file.
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190 When a count is given, it becomes ":split #N", split window
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191 and edit buffer N.
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192
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193 Note that the 'splitbelow' and 'splitright' options influence where a new
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194 window will appear.
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195
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196 *:vert* *:vertical*
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197 :vert[ical] {cmd}
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198 Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window,
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199 it will be split vertically.
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200
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201 :lefta[bove] {cmd} *:lefta* *:leftabove*
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202 :abo[veleft] {cmd} *:abo* *:aboveleft*
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203 Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window,
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204 it will be opened left (vertical split) or above (horizontal
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205 split) the current window. Overrules 'splitbelow' and
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206 'splitright'.
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207
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208 :rightb[elow] {cmd} *:rightb* *:rightbelow*
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209 :bel[owright] {cmd} *:bel* *:belowright*
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210 Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window,
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211 it will be opened right (vertical split) or below (horizontal
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212 split) the current window. Overrules 'splitbelow' and
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213 'splitright'.
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214
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215 *:topleft* *E442*
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216 :to[pleft] {cmd}
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217 Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window,
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218 it will appear at the top and occupy the full width of the Vim
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219 window. When the split is vertical the window appears at the
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220 far left and occupies the full height of the Vim window.
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221
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222 *:botright*
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223 :bo[tright] {cmd}
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224 Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window,
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225 it will appear at the bottom and occupy the full width of the
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226 Vim window. When the split is vertical the window appears at
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227 the far right and occupies the full height of the Vim window.
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228
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229 These command modifiers can be combined to make a vertically split window
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230 occupy the full height. Example: >
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231 :vertical topleft edit tags
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232 Opens a vertically split, full-height window on the "tags" file at the far
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233 left of the Vim window.
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234
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235
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236 Closing a window
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237 ----------------
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238
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239 CTRL-W q *CTRL-W_q*
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240 CTRL-W CTRL-Q *CTRL-W_CTRL-Q*
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241 :q[uit] Quit current window. When quitting the last window (not
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242 counting a help window), exit Vim.
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243 When 'hidden' is set, and there is only one window for the
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244 current buffer, it becomes hidden.
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245 When 'hidden' is not set, and there is only one window for the
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246 current buffer, and the buffer was changed, the command fails.
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247 (Note: CTRL-Q does not work on all terminals)
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248
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249 :q[uit]! Quit current window. If this was the last window for a buffer,
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250 any changes to that buffer are lost. When quitting the last
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251 window (not counting help windows), exit Vim. The contents of
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252 the buffer are lost, even when 'hidden' is set.
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253
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254 CTRL-W c *CTRL-W_c* *:clo* *:close*
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255 :clo[se][!] Close current window. When the 'hidden' option is set, or
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256 when the buffer was changed and the [!] is used, the buffer
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257 becomes hidden (unless there is another window editing it).
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258 This command fails when: *E444*
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259 - There is only one window on the screen.
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260 - When 'hidden' is not set, [!] is not used, the buffer has
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261 changes, and there is no other window on this buffer.
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262 Changes to the buffer are not written and won't get lost, so
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263 this is a "safe" command.
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264
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265 CTRL-W CTRL-C *CTRL-W_CTRL-C*
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266 You might have expected that CTRL-W CTRL-C closes the current
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267 window, but that does not work, because the CTRL-C cancels the
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268 command.
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269
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270 *:hide*
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271 :hid[e] Quit current window, unless it is the last window on the
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272 screen. The buffer becomes hidden (unless there is another
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273 window editing it or 'bufhidden' is "unload" or "delete").
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274 The value of 'hidden' is irrelevant for this command.
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275 Changes to the buffer are not written and won't get lost, so
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276 this is a "safe" command.
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277
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278 :hid[e] {cmd} Execute {cmd} with 'hidden' is set. The previous value of
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279 'hidden' is restored after {cmd} has been executed.
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280 Example: >
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281 :hide edit Makefile
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282 < This will edit "Makefile", and hide the current buffer if it
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283 has any changes.
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284
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285 CTRL-W o *CTRL-W_o* *E445*
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286 CTRL-W CTRL-O *CTRL-W_CTRL-O* *:on* *:only*
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287 :on[ly][!] Make the current window the only one on the screen. All other
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288 windows are closed.
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289 When the 'hidden' option is set, all buffers in closed windows
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290 become hidden.
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291 When 'hidden' is not set, and the 'autowrite' option is set,
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292 modified buffers are written. Otherwise, windows that have
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293 buffers that are modified are not removed, unless the [!] is
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294 given, then they become hidden. But modified buffers are
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295 never abandoned, so changes cannot get lost.
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296
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297 ==============================================================================
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298 4. Moving cursor to other windows *window-move-cursor*
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299
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300 CTRL-W <Down> *CTRL-W_<Down>*
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301 CTRL-W CTRL-J *CTRL-W_CTRL-J* *CTRL-W_j*
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302 CTRL-W j Move cursor to Nth window below current one. Uses the cursor
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303 position to select between alternatives.
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304
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305 CTRL-W <Up> *CTRL-W_<Up>*
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306 CTRL-W CTRL-K *CTRL-W_CTRL-K* *CTRL-W_k*
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307 CTRL-W k Move cursor to Nth window above current one. Uses the cursor
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308 position to select between alternatives.
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309
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310 CTRL-W <Left> *CTRL-W_<Left>*
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311 CTRL-W CTRL-H *CTRL-W_CTRL-H*
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312 CTRL-W <BS> *CTRL-W_<BS>* *CTRL-W_h*
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313 CTRL-W h Move cursor to Nth window left of current one. Uses the
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314 cursor position to select between alternatives.
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315
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316 CTRL-W <Right> *CTRL-W_<Right>*
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317 CTRL-W CTRL-L *CTRL-W_CTRL-L* *CTRL-W_l*
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318 CTRL-W l Move cursor to Nth window right of current one. Uses the
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319 cursor position to select between alternatives.
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320
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321 CTRL-W w *CTRL-W_w* *CTRL-W_CTRL-W*
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322 CTRL-W CTRL-W Without count: move cursor to window below/right of the
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323 current one. If there is no window below or right, go to
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324 top-left window.
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325 With count: go to Nth window (windows are numbered from
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326 top-left to bottom-right). To obtain the window number see
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327 |bufwinnr()| and |winnr()|.
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328
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329 *CTRL-W_W*
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330 CTRL-W W Without count: move cursor to window above/left of current
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331 one. If there is no window above or left, go to bottom-right
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332 window. With count: go to Nth window (windows are numbered
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333 from top-left to bottom-right).
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334
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335 CTRL-W t *CTRL-W_t* *CTRL-W_CTRL-T*
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336 CTRL-W CTRL-T Move cursor to top-left window.
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337
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338 CTRL-W b *CTRL-W_b* *CTRL-W_CTRL-B*
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339 CTRL-W CTRL-B Move cursor to bottom-right window.
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340
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341 CTRL-W p *CTRL-W_p* *CTRL-W_CTRL-P*
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342 CTRL-W CTRL-P Go to previous (last accessed) window.
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343
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344 *CTRL-W_P* *E441*
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345 CTRL-W P Go to preview window. When there is no preview window this is
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346 an error.
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347 {not available when compiled without the |+quickfix| feature}
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348
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349 If Visual mode is active and the new window is not for the same buffer, the
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350 Visual mode is ended. If the window is on the same buffer, the cursor
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351 position is set to keep the same Visual area selected.
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352
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353 *:winc* *:wincmd*
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354 These commands can also be executed with ":wincmd":
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355
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356 :[count]winc[md] {arg}
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357 Like executing CTRL-W [count] {arg}. Example: >
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358 :wincmd j
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|
359 < Moves to the window below the current one.
|
|
|
360 This command is useful when a Normal mode cannot be used (for
|
|
|
361 the |CursorHold| autocommand event). Or when a Normal mode
|
|
|
362 command is inconvenient.
|
|
|
363 The count can also be a window number. Example: >
|
|
|
364 :exe nr . "wincmd w"
|
|
|
365 < This goes to window "nr".
|
|
|
366
|
|
|
367 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
368 5. Moving windows around *window-moving*
|
|
|
369
|
|
|
370 CTRL-W r *CTRL-W_r* *CTRL-W_CTRL-R* *E443*
|
|
|
371 CTRL-W CTRL-R Rotate windows downwards/rightwards. The first window becomes
|
|
|
372 the second one, the second one becomes the third one, etc.
|
|
|
373 The last window becomes the first window. The cursor remains
|
|
|
374 in the same window.
|
|
|
375 This only works within the row or column of windows that the
|
|
|
376 current window is in.
|
|
|
377
|
|
|
378 *CTRL-W_R*
|
|
|
379 CTRL-W R Rotate windows upwards/leftwards. The second window becomes
|
|
|
380 the first one, the third one becomes the second one, etc. The
|
|
|
381 first window becomes the last window. The cursor remains in
|
|
|
382 the same window.
|
|
|
383 This only works within the row or column of windows that the
|
|
|
384 current window is in.
|
|
|
385
|
|
|
386 CTRL-W x *CTRL-W_x* *CTRL-W_CTRL-X*
|
|
|
387 CTRL-W CTRL-X Without count: Exchange current window with next one. If there
|
|
|
388 is no next window, exchange with previous window.
|
|
|
389 With count: Exchange current window with Nth window (first
|
|
|
390 window is 1). The cursor is put in the other window.
|
|
|
391 When vertical and horizontal window splits are mixed, the
|
|
|
392 exchange is only done in the row or column of windows that the
|
|
|
393 current window is in.
|
|
|
394
|
|
|
395 The following commands can be used to change the window layout. For example,
|
|
|
396 when there are two vertically split windows, CTRL-W K will change that in
|
|
|
397 horizontally split windows. CTRL-W H does it the other way around.
|
|
|
398
|
|
|
399 *CTRL-W_K*
|
|
|
400 CTRL-W K Move the current window to be at the very top, using the full
|
|
|
401 width of the screen. This works like closing the current
|
|
|
402 window and then creating another one with ":topleft split",
|
|
|
403 except that the current window contents is used for the new
|
|
|
404 window.
|
|
|
405
|
|
|
406 *CTRL-W_J*
|
|
|
407 CTRL-W J Move the current window to be at the very bottom, using the
|
|
|
408 full width of the screen. This works like closing the current
|
|
|
409 window and then creating another one with ":botright split",
|
|
|
410 except that the current window contents is used for the new
|
|
|
411 window.
|
|
|
412
|
|
|
413 *CTRL-W_H*
|
|
|
414 CTRL-W H Move the current window to be at the far left, using the
|
|
|
415 full height of the screen. This works like closing the
|
|
|
416 current window and then creating another one with
|
|
|
417 ":vert topleft split", except that the current window contents
|
|
|
418 is used for the new window.
|
|
|
419 {not available when compiled without the +vertsplit feature}
|
|
|
420
|
|
|
421 *CTRL-W_L*
|
|
|
422 CTRL-W L Move the current window to be at the far right, using the full
|
|
|
423 height of the screen. This works like closing the
|
|
|
424 current window and then creating another one with
|
|
|
425 ":vert botright split", except that the current window
|
|
|
426 contents is used for the new window.
|
|
|
427 {not available when compiled without the +vertsplit feature}
|
|
|
428
|
|
|
429 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
430 6. Window resizing *window-resize*
|
|
|
431
|
|
|
432 *CTRL-W_=*
|
|
|
433 CTRL-W = Make all windows (almost) equally high and wide, but use
|
|
|
434 'winheight' and 'winwidth' for the current window.
|
|
|
435
|
|
|
436 :res[ize] -N *:res* *:resize* *CTRL-W_-*
|
|
|
437 CTRL-W - Decrease current window height by N (default 1).
|
|
|
438 If used after 'vertical': decrease width by N.
|
|
|
439
|
|
|
440 :res[ize] +N *CTRL-W_+*
|
|
|
441 CTRL-W + Increase current window height by N (default 1).
|
|
|
442 If used after 'vertical': increase width by N.
|
|
|
443
|
|
|
444 :res[ize] [N]
|
|
|
445 CTRL-W CTRL-_ *CTRL-W_CTRL-_* *CTRL-W__*
|
|
|
446 CTRL-W _ Set current window height to N (default: highest possible).
|
|
|
447
|
|
|
448 z{nr}<CR> Set current window height to {nr}.
|
|
|
449
|
|
|
450 *CTRL-W_<*
|
|
|
451 CTRL-W < Decrease current window width by N (default 1).
|
|
|
452
|
|
|
453 *CTRL-W_>*
|
|
|
454 CTRL-W > Increase current window width by N (default 1).
|
|
|
455
|
|
|
456 :vertical res[ize] [N] *:vertical-resize* *CTRL-W_bar*
|
|
|
457 CTRL-W | Set current window width to N (default: widest possible).
|
|
|
458
|
|
|
459 You can also resize a window by dragging a status line up or down with the
|
|
|
460 mouse. Or by dragging a vertical separator line left or right. This only
|
|
|
461 works if the version of Vim that is being used supports the mouse and the
|
|
|
462 'mouse' option has been set to enable it.
|
|
|
463
|
|
|
464 The option 'winheight' ('wh') is used to set the minimal window height of the
|
|
|
465 current window. This option is used each time another window becomes the
|
|
|
466 current window. If the option is '0', it is disabled. Set 'winheight' to a
|
|
|
467 very large value, e.g., '9999', to make the current window always fill all
|
|
|
468 available space. Set it to a reasonable value, e.g., '10', to make editing in
|
|
|
469 the current window comfortable.
|
|
|
470
|
|
|
471 The equivalent 'winwidth' ('wiw') option is used to set the minimal width of
|
|
|
472 the current window.
|
|
|
473
|
|
|
474 When the option 'equalalways' ('ea') is set, all the windows are automatically
|
|
|
475 made the same size after splitting or closing a window. If you don't set this
|
|
|
476 option, splitting a window will reduce the size of the current window and
|
|
|
477 leave the other windows the same. When closing a window, the extra lines are
|
|
|
478 given to the window above it.
|
|
|
479
|
|
|
480 The 'eadirection' option limits the direction in which the 'equalalways'
|
|
|
481 option is applied. The default "both" resizes in both directions. When the
|
|
|
482 value is "ver" only the heights of windows are equalized. Use this when you
|
|
|
483 have manually resized a vertically split window and want to keep this width.
|
|
|
484 Likewise, "hor" causes only the widths of windows to be equalized.
|
|
|
485
|
|
|
486 The option 'cmdheight' ('ch') is used to set the height of the command-line.
|
|
|
487 If you are annoyed by the |hit-enter| prompt for long messages, set this
|
|
|
488 option to 2 or 3.
|
|
|
489
|
|
|
490 If there is only one window, resizing that window will also change the command
|
|
|
491 line height. If there are several windows, resizing the current window will
|
|
|
492 also change the height of the window below it (and sometimes the window above
|
|
|
493 it).
|
|
|
494
|
|
|
495 The minimal height and width of a window is set with 'winminheight' and
|
|
|
496 'winminwidth'. These are hard values, a window will never become smaller.
|
|
|
497
|
|
|
498 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
499 7. Argument and buffer list commands *buffer-list*
|
|
|
500
|
|
|
501 args list buffer list meaning ~
|
|
|
502 1. :[N]argument [N] 11. :[N]buffer [N] to arg/buf N
|
|
|
503 2. :[N]next [file ..] 12. :[N]bnext [N] to Nth next arg/buf
|
|
|
504 3. :[N]Next [N] 13. :[N]bNext [N] to Nth previous arg/buf
|
|
|
505 4. :[N]previous [N] 14. :[N]bprevious [N] to Nth previous arg/buf
|
|
|
506 5. :rewind / :first 15. :brewind / :bfirst to first arg/buf
|
|
|
507 6. :last 16. :blast to last arg/buf
|
|
|
508 7. :all 17. :ball edit all args/buffers
|
|
|
509 18. :unhide edit all loaded buffers
|
|
|
510 19. :[N]bmod [N] to Nth modified buf
|
|
|
511
|
|
|
512 split & args list split & buffer list meaning ~
|
|
|
513 21. :[N]sargument [N] 31. :[N]sbuffer [N] split + to arg/buf N
|
|
|
514 22. :[N]snext [file ..] 32. :[N]sbnext [N] split + to Nth next arg/buf
|
|
|
515 23. :[N]sNext [N] 33. :[N]sbNext [N] split + to Nth previous arg/buf
|
|
|
516 24. :[N]sprevious [N] 34. :[N]sbprevious [N] split + to Nth previous arg/buf
|
|
|
517 25. :srewind / :sfirst 35. :sbrewind / :sbfirst split + to first arg/buf
|
|
|
518 26. :slast 36. :sblast split + to last arg/buf
|
|
|
519 27. :sall 37: :sball edit all args/buffers
|
|
|
520 38. :sunhide edit all loaded buffers
|
|
|
521 39. :[N]sbmod [N] split + to Nth modified buf
|
|
|
522
|
|
|
523 40. :args list of arguments
|
|
|
524 41. :buffers list of buffers
|
|
|
525
|
|
|
526 The meaning of [N] depends on the command:
|
|
|
527 [N] is number of buffers to go forward/backward on ?2, ?3, and ?4
|
|
|
528 [N] is an argument number, defaulting to current argument, for 1 and 21
|
|
|
529 [N] is a buffer number, defaulting to current buffer, for 11 and 31
|
|
|
530 [N] is a count for 19 and 39
|
|
|
531
|
|
|
532 Note: ":next" is an exception, because it must accept a list of file names
|
|
|
533 for compatibility with Vi.
|
|
|
534
|
|
|
535
|
|
|
536 The argument list and multiple windows
|
|
|
537 --------------------------------------
|
|
|
538
|
|
|
539 The current position in the argument list can be different for each window.
|
|
|
540 Remember that when doing ":e file", the position in the argument list stays
|
|
|
541 the same, but you are not editing the file at that position. To indicate
|
|
|
542 this, the file message (and the title, if you have one) shows
|
|
|
543 "(file (N) of M)", where "(N)" is the current position in the file list, and
|
|
|
544 "M" the number of files in the file list.
|
|
|
545
|
|
|
546 All the entries in the argument list are added to the buffer list. Thus, you
|
|
|
547 can also get to them with the buffer list commands, like ":bnext".
|
|
|
548
|
|
|
549 :[N]al[l][!] [N] *:al* *:all* *:sal* *:sall*
|
|
|
550 :[N]sal[l][!] [N]
|
|
|
551 Rearrange the screen to open one window for each argument.
|
|
|
552 All other windows are closed. When a count is given, this is
|
|
|
553 the maximum number of windows to open.
|
|
|
554 When the 'hidden' option is set, all buffers in closed windows
|
|
|
555 become hidden.
|
|
|
556 When 'hidden' is not set, and the 'autowrite' option is set,
|
|
|
557 modified buffers are written. Otherwise, windows that have
|
|
|
558 buffers that are modified are not removed, unless the [!] is
|
|
|
559 given, then they become hidden. But modified buffers are
|
|
|
560 never abandoned, so changes cannot get lost.
|
|
|
561 [N] is the maximum number of windows to open. 'winheight'
|
|
|
562 also limits the number of windows opened ('winwidth' if
|
|
|
563 |:vertical| was prepended).
|
|
|
564 Buf/Win Enter/Leave autocommands are not executed for the new
|
|
|
565 windows here, that's only done when they are really entered.
|
|
|
566
|
|
|
567 :[N]sa[rgument][!] [++opt] [+cmd] [N] *:sa* *:sargument*
|
|
|
568 Short for ":split | argument [N]": split window and go to Nth
|
|
|
569 argument. But when there is no such argument, the window is
|
|
|
570 not split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|.
|
|
|
571
|
|
|
572 :[N]sn[ext][!] [++opt] [+cmd] [file ..] *:sn* *:snext*
|
|
|
573 Short for ":split | [N]next": split window and go to Nth next
|
|
|
574 argument. But when there is no next file, the window is not
|
|
|
575 split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|.
|
|
|
576
|
|
|
577 :[N]spr[evious][!] [++opt] [+cmd] [N] *:spr* *:sprevious*
|
|
|
578 :[N]sN[ext][!] [++opt] [+cmd] [N] *:sN* *:sNext*
|
|
|
579 Short for ":split | [N]Next": split window and go to Nth
|
|
|
580 previous argument. But when there is no previous file, the
|
|
|
581 window is not split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|.
|
|
|
582
|
|
|
583 *:sre* *:srewind*
|
|
|
584 :sre[wind][!] [++opt] [+cmd]
|
|
|
585 Short for ":split | rewind": split window and go to first
|
|
|
586 argument. But when there is no argument list, the window is
|
|
|
587 not split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|.
|
|
|
588
|
|
|
589 *:sfir* *:sfirst*
|
|
|
590 :sfir[st [++opt] [+cmd]
|
|
|
591 Same as ":srewind".
|
|
|
592
|
|
|
593 *:sla* *:slast*
|
|
|
594 :sla[st][!] [++opt] [+cmd]
|
|
|
595 Short for ":split | last": split window and go to last
|
|
|
596 argument. But when there is no argument list, the window is
|
|
|
597 not split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|.
|
|
|
598
|
|
|
599 *:dr* *:drop*
|
|
|
600 :dr[op] {file} ..
|
|
|
601 Edit the first {file} in a window.
|
|
|
602 - If the file is already open in a window change to that
|
|
|
603 window.
|
|
|
604 - If the file is not open in a window edit the file in the
|
|
|
605 current window. If the current buffer can't be |abandon|ed,
|
|
|
606 the window is split first.
|
|
|
607 The |argument-list| is set, like with the |:next| command.
|
|
|
608 The purpose of this command is that it can be used from a
|
|
|
609 program that wants Vim to edit another file, e.g., a debugger.
|
|
|
610 {only available when compiled with the +gui feature}
|
|
|
611
|
|
|
612 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
613 8. Do a command in all buffers or windows *list-repeat*
|
|
|
614
|
|
|
615 *:windo*
|
|
|
616 :windo[!] {cmd} Execute {cmd} in each window.
|
|
|
617 It works like doing this: >
|
|
|
618 CTRL-W t
|
|
|
619 :{cmd}
|
|
|
620 CTRL-W w
|
|
|
621 :{cmd}
|
|
|
622 etc.
|
|
|
623 < When an error is detected on one window, further
|
|
|
624 windows will not be visited.
|
|
|
625 The last window (or where an error occurred) becomes
|
|
|
626 the current window.
|
|
|
627 {cmd} can contain '|' to concatenate several commands.
|
|
|
628 {cmd} must not open or close windows or reorder them.
|
|
|
629 {not in Vi} {not available when compiled without the
|
|
|
630 |+listcmds| feature}
|
|
|
631 Also see |:argdo| and |:bufdo|.
|
|
|
632
|
|
|
633 *:bufdo*
|
|
|
634 :bufdo[!] {cmd} Execute {cmd} in each buffer in the buffer list.
|
|
|
635 It works like doing this: >
|
|
|
636 :bfirst
|
|
|
637 :{cmd}
|
|
|
638 :bnext
|
|
|
639 :{cmd}
|
|
|
640 etc.
|
|
|
641 < When the current file can't be |abandon|ed and the [!]
|
|
|
642 is not present, the command fails.
|
|
|
643 When an error is detected on one buffer, further
|
|
|
644 buffers will not be visited.
|
|
|
645 Unlisted buffers are skipped.
|
|
|
646 The last buffer (or where an error occurred) becomes
|
|
|
647 the current buffer.
|
|
|
648 {cmd} can contain '|' to concatenate several commands.
|
|
|
649 {cmd} must not delete buffers or add buffers to the
|
|
|
650 buffer list.
|
|
|
651 Note: While this command is executing, the Syntax
|
|
|
652 autocommand event is disabled by adding it to
|
|
|
653 'eventignore'. This considerably speeds up editing
|
|
|
654 each buffer.
|
|
|
655 {not in Vi} {not available when compiled without the
|
|
|
656 |+listcmds| feature}
|
|
|
657 Also see |:argdo| and |:windo|.
|
|
|
658
|
|
|
659 Examples: >
|
|
|
660
|
|
|
661 :windo set nolist nofoldcolumn | normal zn
|
|
|
662
|
|
|
663 This resets the 'list' option and disables folding in all windows. >
|
|
|
664
|
|
|
665 :bufdo set fileencoding= | update
|
|
|
666
|
|
|
667 This resets the 'fileencoding' in each buffer and writes it if this changed
|
|
|
668 the buffer. The result is that all buffers will use the 'encoding' encoding
|
|
|
669 (if conversion works properly).
|
|
|
670
|
|
|
671 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
672 9. Tag or file name under the cursor *window-tag*
|
|
|
673
|
|
|
674 *:sta* *:stag*
|
|
|
675 :sta[g][!] [tagname]
|
|
|
676 Does ":tag[!] [tagname]" and splits the window for the found
|
|
|
677 tag. See also |:tag|.
|
|
|
678
|
|
|
679 CTRL-W ] *CTRL-W_]* *CTRL-W_CTRL-]*
|
|
|
680 CTRL-W CTRL-] Split current window in two. Use identifier under cursor as a
|
|
|
681 tag and jump to it in the new upper window. Make new window N
|
|
|
682 high.
|
|
|
683
|
|
|
684 *CTRL-W_g]*
|
|
|
685 CTRL-W g ] Split current window in two. Use identifier under cursor as a
|
|
|
686 tag and perform ":tselect" on it in the new upper window.
|
|
|
687 Make new window N high.
|
|
|
688
|
|
|
689 *CTRL-W_g_CTRL-]*
|
|
|
690 CTRL-W g CTRL-] Split current window in two. Use identifier under cursor as a
|
|
|
691 tag and perform ":tjump" on it in the new upper window. Make
|
|
|
692 new window N high.
|
|
|
693
|
|
|
694 CTRL-W f *CTRL-W_f* *CTRL-W_CTRL-F*
|
|
|
695 CTRL-W CTRL-F Split current window in two. Edit file name under cursor.
|
|
|
696 Like ":split ]f", but window isn't split if the file does not
|
|
|
697 exist.
|
|
|
698 Uses the 'path' variable as a list of directory names where to
|
|
|
699 look for the file. Also the path for current file is
|
|
|
700 used to search for the file name.
|
|
|
701 If the name is a hypertext link that looks like
|
|
|
702 "type://machine/path", only "/path" is used.
|
|
|
703 If a count is given, the count'th matching file is edited.
|
|
|
704 {not available when the |+file_in_path| feature was disabled
|
|
|
705 at compile time}
|
|
|
706
|
|
|
707 Also see |CTRL-W_CTRL-I|: open window for an included file that includes
|
|
|
708 the keyword under the cursor.
|
|
|
709
|
|
|
710 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
711 10. The preview window *preview-window*
|
|
|
712
|
|
|
713 The preview window is a special window to show (preview) another file. It is
|
|
|
714 normally a small window used to show an include file or definition of a
|
|
|
715 function.
|
|
|
716 {not available when compiled without the |+quickfix| feature}
|
|
|
717
|
|
|
718 There can be only one preview window. It is created with one of the commands
|
|
|
719 below. The 'previewheight' option can be set to specify the height of the
|
|
|
720 preview window when it's opened. The 'previewwindow' option is set in the
|
|
|
721 preview window to be able to recognize it. The 'winfixheight' option is set
|
|
|
722 to have it keep the same height when opening/closing other windows.
|
|
|
723
|
|
|
724 *:pta* *:ptag*
|
|
|
725 :pta[g][!] [tagname]
|
|
|
726 Does ":tag[!] [tagname]" and shows the found tag in a
|
|
|
727 "Preview" window without changing the current buffer or cursor
|
|
|
728 position. If a "Preview" window already exists, it is re-used
|
|
|
729 (like a help window is). If a new one is opened,
|
|
|
730 'previewheight' is used for the height of the window. See
|
|
|
731 also |:tag|.
|
|
|
732 See below for an example. |CursorHold-example|
|
|
|
733 Small difference from |:tag|: When [tagname] is equal to the
|
|
|
734 already displayed tag, the position in the matching tag list
|
|
|
735 is not reset. This makes the CursorHold example work after a
|
|
|
736 |:ptnext|.
|
|
|
737
|
|
|
738 CTRL-W z *CTRL-W_z*
|
|
|
739 CTRL-W CTRL-Z *CTRL-W_CTRL-Z* *:pc* *:pclose*
|
|
|
740 :pc[lose][!] Close any "Preview" window currently open. When the 'hidden'
|
|
|
741 option is set, or when the buffer was changed and the [!] is
|
|
|
742 used, the buffer becomes hidden (unless there is another
|
|
|
743 window editing it). The command fails if any "Preview" buffer
|
|
|
744 cannot be closed. See also |:close|.
|
|
|
745
|
|
|
746 *:pp* *:ppop*
|
|
|
747 :[count]pp[op][!]
|
|
|
748 Does ":[count]pop[!]" in the preview window. See |:pop| and
|
|
|
749 |:ptag|. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
750
|
|
|
751 CTRL-W } *CTRL-W_}*
|
|
|
752 Use identifier under cursor as a tag and perform a :ptag on
|
|
|
753 it. Make the new Preview window (if required) N high. If N is
|
|
|
754 not given, 'previewheight' is used.
|
|
|
755
|
|
|
756 CTRL-W g } *CTRL-W_g}*
|
|
|
757 Use identifier under cursor as a tag and perform a :ptjump on
|
|
|
758 it. Make the new Preview window (if required) N high. If N is
|
|
|
759 not given, 'previewheight' is used.
|
|
|
760
|
|
|
761 *:ped* *:pedit*
|
|
|
762 :ped[it][!] [++opt] [+cmd] {file}
|
|
|
763 Edit {file} in the preview window. The preview window is
|
|
|
764 opened like with |:ptag|. The current window and cursor
|
|
|
765 position isn't changed. Useful example: >
|
|
|
766 :pedit +/fputc /usr/include/stdio.h
|
|
|
767 <
|
|
|
768 *:ps* *:psearch*
|
|
|
769 :[range]ps[earch][!] [count] [/]pattern[/]
|
|
|
770 Works like |:ijump| but shows the found match in the preview
|
|
|
771 window. The preview window is opened like with |:ptag|. The
|
|
|
772 current window and cursor position isn't changed. Useful
|
|
|
773 example: >
|
|
|
774 :psearch popen
|
|
|
775 < Like with the |:ptag| command, you can use this to
|
|
|
776 automatically show information about the word under the
|
|
|
777 cursor. This is less clever than using |:ptag|, but you don't
|
|
|
778 need a tags file and it will also find matches in system
|
|
|
779 include files. Example: >
|
|
|
780 :au! CursorHold *.[ch] nested exe "silent! psearch " . expand("<cword>")
|
|
|
781 < Warning: This can be slow.
|
|
|
782
|
|
|
783 Example *CursorHold-example* >
|
|
|
784
|
|
|
785 :au! CursorHold *.[ch] nested exe "silent! ptag " . expand("<cword>")
|
|
|
786
|
|
|
787 This will cause a ":ptag" to be executed for the keyword under the cursor,
|
|
|
788 when the cursor hasn't moved for the time set with 'updatetime'. The "nested"
|
|
|
789 makes other autocommands be executed, so that syntax highlighting works in the
|
|
|
790 preview window. The "silent!" avoids an error message when the tag could not
|
|
|
791 be found. Also see |CursorHold|. To disable this again: >
|
|
|
792
|
|
|
793 :au! CursorHold
|
|
|
794
|
|
|
795 A nice addition is to highlight the found tag, avoid the ":ptag" when there
|
|
|
796 is no word under the cursor, and a few other things: >
|
|
|
797
|
|
|
798 :au! CursorHold *.[ch] nested call PreviewWord()
|
|
|
799 :func PreviewWord()
|
|
|
800 : if &previewwindow " don't do this in the preview window
|
|
|
801 : return
|
|
|
802 : endif
|
|
|
803 : let w = expand("<cword>") " get the word under cursor
|
|
|
804 : if w =~ '\a' " if the word contains a letter
|
|
|
805 :
|
|
|
806 : " Delete any existing highlight before showing another tag
|
|
|
807 : silent! wincmd P " jump to preview window
|
|
|
808 : if &previewwindow " if we really get there...
|
|
|
809 : match none " delete existing highlight
|
|
|
810 : wincmd p " back to old window
|
|
|
811 : endif
|
|
|
812 :
|
|
|
813 : " Try displaying a matching tag for the word under the cursor
|
|
|
814 : try
|
|
|
815 : exe "ptag " . w
|
|
|
816 : catch
|
|
|
817 : return
|
|
|
818 : endtry
|
|
|
819 :
|
|
|
820 : silent! wincmd P " jump to preview window
|
|
|
821 : if &previewwindow " if we really get there...
|
|
|
822 : if has("folding")
|
|
|
823 : silent! .foldopen " don't want a closed fold
|
|
|
824 : endif
|
|
|
825 : call search("$", "b") " to end of previous line
|
|
|
826 : let w = substitute(w, '\\', '\\\\', "")
|
|
|
827 : call search('\<\V' . w . '\>') " position cursor on match
|
|
|
828 : " Add a match highlight to the word at this position
|
|
|
829 : hi previewWord term=bold ctermbg=green guibg=green
|
|
|
830 : exe 'match previewWord "\%' . line(".") . 'l\%' . col(".") . 'c\k*"'
|
|
|
831 : wincmd p " back to old window
|
|
|
832 : endif
|
|
|
833 : endif
|
|
|
834 :endfun
|
|
|
835
|
|
|
836 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
837 11. Using hidden buffers *buffer-hidden*
|
|
|
838
|
|
|
839 A hidden buffer is not displayed in a window, but is still loaded into memory.
|
|
|
840 This makes it possible to jump from file to file, without the need to read or
|
|
|
841 write the file every time you get another buffer in a window.
|
|
|
842 {not available when compiled without the |+listcmds| feature}
|
|
|
843
|
|
|
844 *:buffer-!*
|
|
|
845 If the option 'hidden' ('hid') is set, abandoned buffers are kept for all
|
|
|
846 commands that start editing another file: ":edit", ":next", ":tag", etc. The
|
|
|
847 commands that move through the buffer list sometimes make the current buffer
|
|
|
848 hidden although the 'hidden' option is not set. This happens when a buffer is
|
|
|
849 modified, but is forced (with '!') to be removed from a window, and
|
|
|
850 'autowrite' is off or the buffer can't be written.
|
|
|
851
|
|
|
852 You can make a hidden buffer not hidden by starting to edit it with any
|
|
|
853 command. Or by deleting it with the ":bdelete" command.
|
|
|
854
|
|
|
855 The 'hidden' is global, it is used for all buffers. The 'bufhidden' option
|
|
|
856 can be used to make an exception for a specific buffer. It can take these
|
|
|
857 values:
|
|
|
858 <empty> Use the value of 'hidden'.
|
|
|
859 hide Hide this buffer, also when 'hidden' is not set.
|
|
|
860 unload Don't hide but unload this buffer, also when 'hidden'
|
|
|
861 is set.
|
|
|
862 delete Delete the buffer.
|
|
|
863
|
|
|
864 *hidden-quit*
|
|
|
865 When you try to quit Vim while there is a hidden, modified buffer, you will
|
|
|
866 get an error message and Vim will make that buffer the current buffer. You
|
|
|
867 can then decide to write this buffer (":wq") or quit without writing (":q!").
|
|
|
868 Be careful: there may be more hidden, modified buffers!
|
|
|
869
|
|
|
870 A buffer can also be unlisted. This means it exists, but it is not in the
|
|
|
871 list of buffers. |unlisted-buffer|
|
|
|
872
|
|
|
873
|
|
|
874 :files[!] *:files*
|
|
|
875 :buffers[!] *:buffers* *:ls*
|
|
|
876 :ls[!] Show all buffers. Example:
|
|
|
877
|
|
|
878 1 #h "/test/text" line 1 ~
|
|
|
879 2u "asdf" line 0 ~
|
|
42
|
880 3 %a+ "version.c" line 1 ~
|
|
7
|
881
|
|
|
882 When the [!] is included the list will show unlisted buffers
|
|
|
883 (the term "unlisted" is a bit confusing then...).
|
|
|
884
|
|
|
885 Each buffer has a unique number. That number will not change,
|
|
|
886 so you can always go to a specific buffer with ":buffer N" or
|
|
|
887 "N CTRL-^", where N is the buffer number.
|
|
|
888
|
|
|
889 Indicators (chars in the same column are mutually exclusive):
|
|
|
890 u an unlisted buffer (only displayed when [!] is used)
|
|
|
891 |unlisted-buffer|
|
|
|
892 % the buffer in the current window
|
|
|
893 # the alternate buffer for ":e #" and CTRL-^
|
|
|
894 a an active buffer: it is loaded and visible
|
|
|
895 h a hidden buffer: It is loaded, but currently not
|
|
|
896 displayed in a window |hidden-buffer|
|
|
|
897 - a buffer with 'modifiable' off
|
|
|
898 = a readonly buffer
|
|
|
899 + a modified buffer
|
|
|
900 x a buffer with read errors
|
|
|
901
|
|
|
902 *:bad* *:badd*
|
|
|
903 :bad[d] [+lnum] {fname}
|
|
|
904 Add file name {fname} to the buffer list, without loading it.
|
|
|
905 If "lnum" is specified, the cursor will be positioned at that
|
|
|
906 line when the buffer is first entered. Note that other
|
|
|
907 commands after the + will be ignored.
|
|
|
908
|
|
|
909 :[N]bd[elete][!] *:bd* *:bdel* *:bdelete* *E516*
|
|
|
910 :bd[elete][!] [N]
|
|
|
911 Unload buffer [N] (default: current buffer) and delete it from
|
|
|
912 the buffer list. If the buffer was changed, this fails,
|
|
|
913 unless when [!] is specified, in which case changes are lost.
|
|
|
914 The file remains unaffected. Any windows for this buffer are
|
|
|
915 closed. If buffer [N] is the current buffer, another buffer
|
|
|
916 will be displayed instead. This is the most recent entry in
|
|
|
917 the jump list that points into a loaded buffer.
|
|
|
918 Actually, the buffer isn't completely deleted, it is removed
|
|
|
919 from the buffer list |unlisted-buffer| and option values,
|
|
|
920 variables and mappings/abbreviations for the buffer are
|
|
|
921 cleared.
|
|
|
922
|
|
|
923 :bdelete[!] {bufname} *E93* *E94*
|
|
|
924 Like ":bdelete[!] [N]", but buffer given by name. Note that a
|
|
|
925 buffer whose name is a number cannot be referenced by that
|
|
|
926 name; use the buffer number instead. Insert a backslash
|
|
|
927 before a space in a buffer name.
|
|
|
928
|
|
|
929 :bdelete[!] N1 N2 ...
|
|
|
930 Do ":bdelete[!]" for buffer N1, N2, etc. The arguments can be
|
|
|
931 buffer numbers or buffer names (but not buffer names that are
|
|
|
932 a number). Insert a backslash before a space in a buffer
|
|
|
933 name.
|
|
|
934
|
|
|
935 :N,Mbdelete[!] Do ":bdelete[!]" for all buffers in the range N to M
|
|
|
936 |inclusive|.
|
|
|
937
|
|
|
938 :[N]bw[ipeout][!] *:bw* *:bwipe* *:bwipeout* *E517*
|
|
|
939 :bw[ipeout][!] {bufname}
|
|
|
940 :N,Mbw[ipeout][!]
|
|
|
941 :bw[ipeout][!] N1 N2 ...
|
|
|
942 Like |:bdelete|, but really delete the buffer. All marks in
|
|
|
943 this buffer become invalid, option settings are lost, etc.
|
|
|
944 Don't use this unless you know what you are doing.
|
|
|
945
|
|
|
946 :[N]bun[load][!] *:bun* *:bunload* *E515*
|
|
|
947 :bun[load][!] [N]
|
|
|
948 Unload buffer [N] (default: current buffer). The memory
|
|
|
949 allocated for this buffer will be freed. The buffer remains
|
|
|
950 in the buffer list.
|
|
|
951 If the buffer was changed, this fails, unless when [!] is
|
|
|
952 specified, in which case the changes are lost.
|
|
|
953 Any windows for this buffer are closed. If buffer [N] is the
|
|
|
954 current buffer, another buffer will be displayed instead.
|
|
|
955 This is the most recent entry in the jump list that points
|
|
|
956 into a loaded buffer.
|
|
|
957
|
|
|
958 :bunload[!] {bufname}
|
|
|
959 Like ":bunload[!] [N]", but buffer given by name. Note that a
|
|
|
960 buffer whose name is a number cannot be referenced by that
|
|
|
961 name; use the buffer number instead. Insert a backslash
|
|
|
962 before a space in a buffer name.
|
|
|
963
|
|
|
964 :N,Mbunload[!] Do ":bunload[!]" for all buffers in the range N to M
|
|
|
965 |inclusive|.
|
|
|
966
|
|
|
967 :bunload[!] N1 N2 ...
|
|
|
968 Do ":bunload[!]" for buffer N1, N2, etc. The arguments can be
|
|
|
969 buffer numbers or buffer names (but not buffer names that are
|
|
|
970 a number). Insert a backslash before a space in a buffer
|
|
|
971 name.
|
|
|
972
|
|
|
973 :[N]b[uffer][!] [N] *:b* *:bu* *:buf* *:buffer* *E86*
|
|
|
974 Edit buffer [N] from the buffer list. If [N] is not given,
|
|
|
975 the current buffer remains being edited. See |:buffer-!| for
|
|
|
976 [!]. This will also edit a buffer that is not in the buffer
|
|
|
977 list, without setting the 'buflisted' flag.
|
|
|
978
|
|
|
979 :[N]b[uffer][!] {filename}
|
|
|
980 Edit buffer for {filename} from the buffer list. See
|
|
|
981 |:buffer-!| for [!]. This will also edit a buffer that is not
|
|
|
982 in the buffer list, without setting the 'buflisted' flag.
|
|
|
983
|
|
|
984 :[N]sb[uffer] [N] *:sb* *:sbuffer*
|
|
|
985 Split window and edit buffer [N] from the buffer list. If [N]
|
|
|
986 is not given, the current buffer is edited. Respects the
|
|
|
987 "useopen" setting of 'switchbuf' when splitting. This will
|
|
|
988 also edit a buffer that is not in the buffer list, without
|
|
|
989 setting the 'buflisted' flag.
|
|
|
990
|
|
|
991 :[N]sb[uffer] {filename}
|
|
|
992 Split window and edit buffer for {filename} from the buffer
|
|
|
993 list. This will also edit a buffer that is not in the buffer
|
|
|
994 list, without setting the 'buflisted' flag.
|
|
|
995
|
|
|
996 *:bn* *:bnext* *E87*
|
|
|
997 :[N]bn[ext][!] [N]
|
|
|
998 Go to [N]th next buffer in buffer list. [N] defaults to one.
|
|
|
999 Wraps around the end of the buffer list.
|
|
|
1000 See |:buffer-!| for [!].
|
|
|
1001 If you are in a help buffer, this takes you to the next help
|
|
|
1002 buffer (if there is one). Similarly, if you are in a normal
|
|
|
1003 (non-help) buffer, this takes you to the next normal buffer.
|
|
|
1004 This is so that if you have invoked help, it doesn't get in
|
|
|
1005 the way when you're browsing code/text buffers. The next three
|
|
|
1006 commands also work like this.
|
|
|
1007
|
|
|
1008 *:sbn* *:sbnext*
|
|
|
1009 :[N]sbn[ext] [N]
|
|
|
1010 Split window and go to [N]th next buffer in buffer list.
|
|
|
1011 Wraps around the end of the buffer list. Uses 'switchbuf'
|
|
|
1012
|
|
|
1013 :[N]bN[ext][!] [N] *:bN* *:bNext* *:bp* *:bprevious* *E88*
|
|
|
1014 :[N]bp[revious][!] [N]
|
|
|
1015 Go to [N]th previous buffer in buffer list. [N] defaults to
|
|
|
1016 one. Wraps around the start of the buffer list.
|
|
|
1017 See |:buffer-!| for [!] and 'switchbuf'.
|
|
|
1018
|
|
|
1019 :[N]sbN[ext] [N] *:sbN* *:sbNext* *:sbp* *:sbprevious*
|
|
|
1020 :[N]sbp[revious] [N]
|
|
|
1021 Split window and go to [N]th previous buffer in buffer list.
|
|
|
1022 Wraps around the start of the buffer list.
|
|
|
1023 Uses 'switchbuf'.
|
|
|
1024
|
|
|
1025 *:br* *:brewind*
|
|
|
1026 :br[ewind][!] Go to first buffer in buffer list. If the buffer list is
|
|
|
1027 empty, go to the first unlisted buffer.
|
|
|
1028 See |:buffer-!| for [!].
|
|
|
1029
|
|
|
1030 *:bf* *:bfirst*
|
|
|
1031 :bf[irst] Same as ":brewind".
|
|
|
1032
|
|
|
1033 *:sbr* *:sbrewind*
|
|
|
1034 :sbr[ewind] Split window and go to first buffer in buffer list. If the
|
|
|
1035 buffer list is empty, go to the first unlisted buffer.
|
|
|
1036 Respects the 'switchbuf' option.
|
|
|
1037
|
|
|
1038 *:sbf* *:sbfirst*
|
|
|
1039 :sbf[irst] Same as ":sbrewind".
|
|
|
1040
|
|
|
1041 *:bl* *:blast*
|
|
|
1042 :bl[ast][!] Go to last buffer in buffer list. If the buffer list is
|
|
|
1043 empty, go to the last unlisted buffer.
|
|
|
1044 See |:buffer-!| for [!].
|
|
|
1045
|
|
|
1046 *:sbl* *:sblast*
|
|
|
1047 :sbl[ast] Split window and go to last buffer in buffer list. If the
|
|
|
1048 buffer list is empty, go to the last unlisted buffer.
|
|
|
1049 Respects 'switchbuf' option.
|
|
|
1050
|
|
|
1051 :[N]bm[odified][!] [N] *:bm* *:bmodified* *E84*
|
|
|
1052 Go to [N]th next modified buffer. Note: this command also
|
|
|
1053 finds unlisted buffers. If there is no modified buffer the
|
|
|
1054 command fails.
|
|
|
1055
|
|
|
1056 :[N]sbm[odified] [N] *:sbm* *:sbmodified*
|
|
|
1057 Split window and go to [N]th next modified buffer.
|
|
|
1058 Respects 'switchbuf' option.
|
|
|
1059 Note: this command also finds buffers not in the buffer list.
|
|
|
1060
|
|
|
1061 :[N]unh[ide] [N] *:unh* *:unhide* *:sun* *:sunhide*
|
|
|
1062 :[N]sun[hide] [N]
|
|
|
1063 Rearrange the screen to open one window for each loaded buffer
|
|
|
1064 in the buffer list. When a count is given, this is the
|
|
|
1065 maximum number of windows to open.
|
|
|
1066
|
|
|
1067 :[N]ba[ll] [N] *:ba* *:ball* *:sba* *:sball*
|
|
|
1068 :[N]sba[ll] [N] Rearrange the screen to open one window for each buffer in
|
|
|
1069 the buffer list. When a count is given, this is the maximum
|
|
|
1070 number of windows to open. 'winheight' also limits the number
|
|
|
1071 of windows opened ('winwidth' if |:vertical| was prepended).
|
|
|
1072 Buf/Win Enter/Leave autocommands are not executed for the new
|
|
|
1073 windows here, that's only done when they are really entered.
|
|
|
1074
|
|
|
1075 Note: All the commands above that start editing another buffer, keep the
|
|
|
1076 'readonly' flag as it was. This differs from the ":edit" command, which sets
|
|
|
1077 the 'readonly' flag each time the file is read.
|
|
|
1078
|
|
|
1079 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
1080 12. Special kinds of buffers *special-buffers*
|
|
|
1081
|
|
|
1082 Instead of containing the text of a file, buffers can also be used for other
|
|
|
1083 purposes. A few options can be set to change the behavior of a buffer:
|
|
|
1084 'bufhidden' what happens when the buffer is no longer displayed
|
|
|
1085 in a window.
|
|
|
1086 'buftype' what kind of a buffer this is
|
|
|
1087 'swapfile' whether the buffer will have a swap file
|
|
|
1088 'buflisted' buffer shows up in the buffer list
|
|
|
1089
|
|
|
1090 A few useful kinds of a buffer:
|
|
|
1091
|
|
|
1092 quickfix Used to contain the error list. See |:cwindow|. This command
|
|
|
1093 sets the 'buftype' option to "quickfix". You are not supposed
|
|
|
1094 to change this! 'swapfile' is off.
|
|
|
1095
|
|
|
1096 help Contains a help file. Will only be created with the |:help|
|
|
|
1097 command. The flag that indicates a help buffer is internal
|
|
|
1098 and can't be changed. The 'buflisted' option will be reset
|
|
|
1099 for a help buffer.
|
|
|
1100
|
|
|
1101 directory Displays directory contents. Used by the |file-explorer|
|
|
|
1102 plugin. The buffer is created with these settings: >
|
|
|
1103 :set buftype=nowrite
|
|
|
1104 :set bufhidden=delete
|
|
|
1105 :set noswapfile
|
|
|
1106 < The buffer name is the name of the directory and is adjusted
|
|
|
1107 when using the |:cd| command.
|
|
|
1108
|
|
|
1109 scratch Contains text that can be discarded at any time. It is kept
|
|
|
1110 when closing the window, it must be deleted explicitly.
|
|
|
1111 Settings: >
|
|
|
1112 :set buftype=nofile
|
|
|
1113 :set bufhidden=hide
|
|
|
1114 :set noswapfile
|
|
|
1115 < The buffer name can be used to identify the buffer.
|
|
|
1116
|
|
|
1117 *unlisted-buffer*
|
|
|
1118 unlisted The buffer is not in the buffer list. It is not used for
|
|
|
1119 normal editing, but to show a help file, remember a file name
|
|
|
1120 or marks. The ":bdelete" command will also set this option,
|
|
|
1121 thus it doesn't completely delete the buffer. Settings: >
|
|
|
1122 :set nobuflisted
|
|
|
1123 <
|
|
|
1124
|
|
|
1125 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
|
