Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/tutor/tutor.bg.utf-8 @ 18478:94223687df0e
Added tag v8.1.2233 for changeset e93cab5d0f0f27fad7882f1f412927df055b090d
author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
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date | Tue, 29 Oct 2019 04:30:05 +0100 |
parents | 03b854983b14 |
children | e69e7133c9cf |
rev | line source |
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1 =============================================================================== |
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2 = Добре дошли в самоучителя на V I M - Версия 1.7 = |
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3 =============================================================================== |
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4 |
18186 | 5 Vim е много мощен редактор с много команди - твърде много, за да бъдат |
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6 обяснени в ръководство като това. Този самоучител е създаден, за да обясни |
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7 достатъчно от тях, така че да можете да използвате Vim за всякакви цели. |
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8 |
18186 | 9 Времето, необходимо за уроците, е около 25-30 минути, в зависимост от |
10 това, колко време ви трябва за упражненията. | |
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11 |
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12 ВНИМАНИЕ! |
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13 Командите в уроците ще променят текста им. Запишете файла другаде, за да |
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14 се упражнявате (ако сте отворили самоучителя с "vimtutor", това вече е |
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15 направено). |
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16 |
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17 Важно е да се запомни, че този самоучител е съставен с цел да се учите |
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18 чрез употреба. Това означава да изпълнявате командите, за да ги научите |
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19 правилно. Ако просто четете текста, ще забравите командите! |
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20 |
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21 |
18186 | 22 И така, уверете се, че клавишът CapsLock не е натиснат, и натиснете клавиша |
23 j няколко пъти, така че Урок 1.1 да се побере на екрана. | |
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24 |
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25 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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26 Урок 1.1: ПРИДВИЖВАНЕ НА ПОКАЗАЛЕЦА |
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27 |
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28 |
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29 ** За да преместите показалеца, натискайте клавишите h,j,k,l както е указано. ** |
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30 ^ |
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31 k Подсказка: Клавишът h е вляво и премества показалеца наляво. |
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32 < h l > Клавишът l е вдясно и премества показалеца надясно. |
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33 j Клавишът j прилича на стрелка, насочена надолу. |
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34 v |
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35 1. Движете показалеца насам-натам по екрана, докато свикнете. |
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18186 | 37 2. Задръжте клавиша за преместване надолу (j), докато започне да повтаря |
38 действието си. Сега знаете как да се придвижите до следващия урок. | |
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39 |
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40 3. Използвайте клавиша за движение надолу, за да стигнете до Урок 1.2. |
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41 |
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42 Важно! Ако се окаже, че не сте сигурни какво сте въвели, натиснете <ESC>, за да |
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43 отидете в нормален режим. След това въведете желаната команда отново. |
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44 |
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45 Важно! Клавишите със стрелки би трябвало също да работят, но ако използвате |
18186 | 46 hjkl ще можете да се придвижвате по-бързо, след като свикнете. Наистина! |
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48 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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49 Урок 1.2: Излизане от VIM (quit) |
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52 Важно!!! Преди да изпълните която и да е от стъпките по-долу, прочетете |
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53 целия урок!!! |
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54 |
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55 1. Натиснете клавиша <ESC> (за да се уверите, че сте в нормален режим). |
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57 2. Напишете: :q! <ENTER>. |
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58 Така излизате от редактора без да записвате промените, които сте направили. |
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59 |
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60 3. Върнете се тук като изпълните командата, с която пуснахте този самоучител. |
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61 Това ще да е: vimtutor <ENTER> |
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62 |
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63 4. Ако сте сигурни, че сте запомнили стъпките от 1 до 3, изпълнете ги и |
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64 влезте отново в редактора. |
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65 |
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66 Внимание! :q! <ENTER> отхвърля всички промени, които сте направили. След |
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67 няколко урока ще се научите как да записвате промени във файл. |
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69 5. Придвижете показалеца надолу до Урок 1.3. |
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72 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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73 Урок 1.3: ПРОМЯНА НА ТЕКСТ - ИЗТРИВАНЕ (DELETE) |
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74 |
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18186 | 76 ** Натиснете x , за да изтриете буквата под показалеца. ** |
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78 1. Придвижете показалеца до реда по-долу, означен със --->. |
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80 2. За да поправите грешките, придвижете показалеца върху буквата, |
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81 която ще триете. |
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82 |
18186 | 83 3. Натиснете клавиша x, за да изтриете нежеланата буква. |
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18186 | 85 4. Повтаряйте стъпки от 2 до 4, докато поправите изречението. |
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87 ---> Кккравата сскоочии връъъъзз ллуннатааа. |
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18186 | 89 5. След като горният ред е вече поправен, можем да отидем на Урок 1.4. |
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91 Важно! Като правите този урок, не се опитвайте да помните, учете се с правене. |
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92 |
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95 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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96 Урок 1.4: ПРОМЯНА НА ТЕКСТ - ВЪВЕЖДАНЕ (INSERT) |
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97 |
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98 |
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99 ** Бележка на преводача ** |
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100 В упражненията нататък ще ви се налага да въвеждате текст на български. Vim |
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101 притежава собствена система за въвеждане на не-латински букви. За да можете |
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102 да пишете български букви, докато сте в режим за въвеждане, и едновременно с |
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103 това командите ви да се въвеждат с латински букви, направете следното: |
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104 |
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105 Натиснете <ESC>, за да се уверите, че не сте в режим за въвеждане. |
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106 |
18186 | 107 Въведете ":set keymap=bulgarian-phonetic" или ":set keymap=bulgarian-bds" |
108 (без кавичките!), в зависимост от това коя подредба предпочитате. Забележете, | |
109 че щом въведете : , те ще се появят в дъното на екрана. Вече можете да | |
110 въвеждате български букви, без да ползвате системната клавиатурна подредба. | |
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18186 | 112 За да превключвате между двете подредби, докато сте в режим за въвеждане, |
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113 натискайте CTRL-^ (дръжте натиснати CTRL и SHIFT и натиснете ^). |
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18186 | 116 ** Натиснете i, за да въведете текст. ** |
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118 1. Придвижете показалеца до първия ред долу, означен със --->. |
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120 2. За да направите първия ред същия като втория, придвижете показалеца върху |
18186 | 121 първата буква СЛЕД мястото, където трябва да бъде въведен текстът. |
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18186 | 123 3. Натиснете i и напишете каквото трябва да се добави. |
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124 |
18186 | 125 4. След поправяне на всяка грешка натискайте <ESC>, за да се върнете към |
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126 Нормален режим. Повтаряйте стъпки от 2 до 4, докато поправите изречението. |
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128 ---> Част текс липс н тзи . |
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129 ---> Част от текста липсва на този ред. |
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131 5. След като усвоите въвеждането на текст, отидете на Урок 1.5. |
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135 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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136 Урок 1.5: ПРОМЯНА НА ТЕКСТ - ДОБАВЯНЕ (APPEND) |
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139 ** Натиснете A (SHIFT+a) , за да добавите текст. ** |
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141 1. Придвижете показалеца до реда долу, означен със --->. |
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142 Няма значение на коя буква в реда се намира показалеца. |
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144 2. Натиснете A и добавете каквото е нужно. |
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146 3. След като сте добавили каквото е нужно, натиснете <ESC>, за да се върнете |
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147 в Нормален режим. |
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148 |
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149 4. Придвижете показалеца до втория ред означен със ---> и повторете стъпки 2, |
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150 и 3, за да поправите изречението. |
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151 |
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152 ---> Има текст, който липсва |
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153 Има текст, които липсва на този ред. |
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154 ---> Тук също има текст, |
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155 Тук също има текст, който липсва. |
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156 |
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157 5. След като овладеете добавянето на текст, отидете на Урок 1.6. |
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159 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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160 Урок 1.6: ПРОМЯНА НА ФАЙЛ |
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161 |
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162 ** Използвайте :wq (write and quit), за да запишете файла и |
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163 излезете. ** |
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164 |
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165 Внимание! Преди да изпълните която и да е от стъпките долу, прочетете целия урок!! |
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166 |
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167 1. Излезте от самоучителя, както направихте в Урок 1.2: :q! |
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168 Или, ако имате достъп до друг терминал, направете следното там. |
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169 |
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170 2. На командния ред напишете следното и натиснете <ENTER>: vim tutor <ENTER> |
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171 'vim' е командата, която стартира редактора Vim, 'tutor' е името на файла, |
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172 които искате да промените. Използвайте файл който може да бъде променян. |
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173 |
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174 3. Въвеждайте и изтривайте текст по начините, научени в предишните уроци. |
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176 4. Запишете файла и излезте от Vim с: :wq <ENTER> |
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178 5. Ако сте излезли от vimtutor в стъпка 1, пуснете го отново и се придвижете |
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179 надолу до обобщението, което следва. |
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180 |
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181 6. След като прочетете и разберете горните стъпки, направете ги. |
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182 |
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183 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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184 Урок 1 ОБОБЩЕНИЕ |
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185 |
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186 |
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187 1. Показалецът се премества като използвате клавишите със стрелки или с клавишите. |
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188 h (наляво) j (надолу) k (нагоре) l (надясно) |
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189 |
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190 2. За да пуснете Vim от командния ред, напишете: vim ИМЕ-НА-ФАЙЛ <ENTER> |
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191 |
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192 3. За да излезете от Vim, напишете: |
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193 <ESC> :q! <ENTER> за да отхвърлите всички промени. |
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194 ИЛИ напишете: <ESC> :wq <ENTER> за да запишете промените. |
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195 |
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196 4. За да изтриете буква намираща се под показалеца, натиснете: x . |
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197 |
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198 5. За да въведете или добавите текст, натиснете: |
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199 i въведете текста, натиснете <ESC>. Въвежда преди показалеца. |
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200 A добавете текста, натиснете <ESC>. Добавя в края на реда. |
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201 |
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202 Внимание! С натискане на <ESC> преминавате в Нормален режим или отменяте |
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203 нежелана, недописана команда. |
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204 |
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205 Сега продължете с Урок 2. |
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206 |
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207 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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208 Урок 2.1: КОМАНДИ ЗА ИЗТРИВАНЕ |
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209 |
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210 |
18186 | 211 ** Въведете dw , за да изтриете дума. ** |
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212 |
18186 | 213 1. Натиснете <ESC>, за да се уверите, че сте в Нормален режим. |
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214 |
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215 2. Придвижете показалеца до реда по-долу, означен със --->. |
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216 |
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217 3. Придвижете показалеца до началото на думата, която трябва да бъде изтрита. |
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218 |
18186 | 219 4. Натиснете последователно dw , и думата ще изчезне. |
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220 |
18186 | 221 Забележка! Буквата d ще се появи на последния ред от екрана, когато я |
222 натиснете. Vim ви чака да натиснете w. Ако видите друга буква, значи сте | |
223 натиснали грешен клавиш. Натиснете <ESC> и започнете отначало. | |
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224 |
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225 ---> Има някои думи хартия, които забава не са част от това изречение. |
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226 |
18186 | 227 5. Повтаряйте стъпки 3 и 4, докато поправите изречението, и преминете към |
228 Урок 2.2. | |
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229 |
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230 |
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231 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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232 Урок 2.2: ОЩЕ КОМАНДИ ЗА ИЗТРИВАНЕ |
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233 |
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234 |
18186 | 235 ** Въведете d$ , за да изтриете всичко до края на реда. ** |
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236 |
18186 | 237 1. Натиснете <ESC>, за да се уверите, че сте в Нормален режим. |
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238 |
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239 2. Придвижете показалеца до реда по-долу, означен със --->. |
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240 |
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241 3. Придвижете показалеца до правилния ред (СЛЕД първата .). |
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242 |
18186 | 243 4. Натиснете последователно d$ , за да изтриете всичко до края на реда. |
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244 |
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245 ---> Някой е въвел края на този ред двукратно. края на този ред двукратно. |
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246 |
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248 5. Отидете до Урок 2.3, за да разберете какво се случва. |
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254 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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255 Урок 2.3: ЗА ОПЕРАТОРИТЕ И ДВИЖЕНИЯТА |
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256 |
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257 |
18186 | 258 Много команди, които променят текст, се състоят от оператор и движение. |
259 Форматът за командата за изтриване с оператора d (delete) е както следва. | |
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260 |
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261 d движение |
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262 |
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263 Където: |
18186 | 264 d е операторът за изтриване. |
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265 движение - върху какво ще се приложи операторът (списъкът долу). |
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266 |
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267 Кратък списък с движения: |
18186 | 268 w - (word) до началото на следващата дума, като се ИЗКЛЮЧВА първата ѝ буква. |
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269 e - (end of word) до края на текущата дума, ВКЛЮЧИТЕЛНО последната буква. |
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270 $ - До края на реда, ВКЛЮЧИТЕЛНО последния символ. |
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271 |
18186 | 272 Така, като въведете de, ще изтриете от мястото на показалеца до края на |
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273 думата. |
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275 Забележка! Като натиснете само клавиша за движение, ще преместите показалеца на |
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276 съответното място. |
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277 |
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278 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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279 Урок 2.4: ИЗПОЛЗВАНЕ НА БРОЯЧ ПРИ ДВИЖЕНИЕ |
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280 |
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281 |
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282 ** Ако въведете число преди движението, то се повтаря толкова пъти |
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283 колкото е числото. ** |
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284 |
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285 1. Придвижете показалеца до началото на реда долу, означен със --->. |
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286 |
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287 2. Въведете 2w , за да преместите показалеца с две думи напред. |
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288 |
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289 3. Въведете 3e , за да преместите показалеца до края на третата дума |
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290 напред. |
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291 |
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292 4. Въведете 0 (нула), за да отидете в началото на реда. |
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293 |
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294 5. Повтаряйте стъпки 2 и 3 с различни числа. |
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295 |
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296 ---> Това е просто ред с думи, в който можете да се движите. |
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297 |
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298 6. Отидете на Урок 2.5. |
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299 |
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300 |
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301 |
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302 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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303 Урок 2.5: ИЗПОЛЗВАЙТЕ БРОЯЧ, ЗА ДА ТРИЕТЕ ПОВЕЧЕ |
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304 |
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305 |
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306 ** Ако въведете число преди оператор, действието се повтаря толкова пъти |
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307 колкото е числото. ** |
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308 |
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309 Както е упоменато горе, за да изтриете повече при използване на оператора за |
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310 изтриване заедно с движение, трябва да въведете числото преди движението: |
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311 d число движение |
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312 |
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313 1. Придвижете показалеца до първата дума, изписана с ГЛАВНИ БУКВИ в реда, |
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314 означен със --->. |
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315 |
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316 2. Въведете d2w , за да изтриете думите, написани с ГЛАВНИ БУКВИ. |
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317 |
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318 3. Повторете стъпки 1 и 2, за да изтриете последователните |
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319 думи, изписани с големи букви с една команда. |
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320 |
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321 ---> този АБВ ГДЕ ред ЖЗИЙ КЛ МНОП РСТ с думи УФХ ЦЧШ ЩЪЬЮЯ е почистен. |
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322 |
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323 |
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326 |
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327 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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328 Урок 2.6: РАБОТА С РЕДОВЕ |
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329 |
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330 |
18186 | 331 ** Въведете dd , за да изтриете цял ред. ** |
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332 |
18186 | 333 Понеже често се налага да се трие цял ред, създателите на Vim са решили, че ще |
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334 е по-лесно да се натисне два пъти d, за да се изтрие ред. |
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335 |
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336 1. Придвижете показалеца на втория ред в абзаца долу. |
18186 | 337 2. Въведете dd , за да изтриете реда. |
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338 3. Сега отидете на четвъртия ред. |
18186 | 339 4. Въведете 2dd , за да изтриете два реда. |
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340 |
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341 ---> 1) Розите са червени, |
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342 ---> 2) Калта е забавление, |
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343 ---> 3) Теменужките са сини, |
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344 ---> 4) Аз имам кола, |
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345 ---> 5) Часовниците показват часа, |
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346 ---> 6) Захарта е сладка, |
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347 ---> 7) Както и ти. |
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348 |
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349 |
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350 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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351 Урок 2.7: ОТМЯНА |
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352 |
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353 |
18186 | 354 ** Натиснете u , за да отмените (undo) последната команда; U , за |
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355 отмяна на всички команди на текущия ред. ** |
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356 |
18186 | 357 1. Придвижете показалеца до началото на реда долу, означен със --->, и го |
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358 поставете на първата грешка. |
18186 | 359 2. Въведете x , за да изтриете първата нежелана буква. |
360 3. Сега натиснете u , за да отмените последната изпълнена команда. | |
361 4. Този път поправете всички грешки, като използвате командата x. | |
362 5. Сега въведете главно U (SHIFT+U), за да върнете реда в първоначалния му вид. | |
363 6. А сега натиснете u няколко пъти, за да отмените предишното U и командите | |
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364 преди него. |
18186 | 365 7. Сега натиснете CTRL-R (redo) (дръжте клавиша CTRL натиснат, докато натискате R) |
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366 неколкократно, за да изпълните отново командите (да отмените отмените). |
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367 |
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368 ---> Пооправеете грешшките нна този реди и ги заменете с отмянаа. |
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369 |
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370 8. Това са много полезни команди. Сега отидете на обобщението за Урок 2. |
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371 |
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372 |
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373 |
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374 |
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375 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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376 Урок 2 ОБОБЩЕНИЕ |
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377 |
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378 |
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379 1. За да изтриете всичко от показалеца до началото на следващата дума, въведете dw |
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380 2. За да изтриете всичко от показалеца до края на реда, въведете d$ |
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381 3. За да изтриете цял ред, въведете dd |
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382 |
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383 4. За да повторите движение въведете преди него число 2w |
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384 5. Форматът за команда за промяна е: |
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385 команда [число] движение |
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386 където: |
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387 оператор - това, което трябва да се направи (заповед), например d за изтриване |
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388 [число] - незадължителен брой повторения на движението |
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389 движение - придвижване в текста, върху който се работи, например w (word), |
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390 $ (до края на реда) и т.н. |
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391 |
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392 6. За да се придвижите до началото на ред, натиснете нула - 0 |
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393 |
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394 7. За да отмените предишни действия, натиснете u (малка буква u) |
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395 За да отмените всички промени на един ред, въведете U (главна буква U) |
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396 За да отмените отмените, натиснете CTRL-R |
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397 |
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398 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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399 Урок 3.1: КОМАНДАТА ЗА ПОСТАВЯНЕ (PUT) |
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400 |
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401 |
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402 ** Въведете p , за да поставите изтрит преди това текст след |
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403 показалеца.** |
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404 |
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405 1. Придвижете показалеца до първия ред, означен със ---> долу. |
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406 |
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407 2. Въведете dd , за да изтриете реда и да го запишете в регистъра на Vim. |
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408 |
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409 3. Придвижете показалеца до реда, означен със c), НАД мястото, където трябва да |
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410 се постави изтрития ред. |
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411 |
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412 4. Въведете p , за да поставите (put) реда под реда, на който е показалеца. |
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413 |
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414 5. Повтаряйте стъпки от 2 до 4, за да подредите правилно редовете. |
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415 |
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416 ---> d) Ти можеш ли да учиш? |
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417 ---> b) Теменужките са сини, |
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418 ---> c) Уменията се научават, |
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419 ---> a) Розите са червени, |
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420 |
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421 |
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422 |
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423 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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424 Урок 3.2: КОМАНДАТА ЗА ЗАМЕСТВАНЕ (REPLACE) |
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425 |
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426 |
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427 ** Въведете rx , за да заместите буквата под показалеца с x . ** |
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428 |
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429 1. Придвижете показалеца до първия ред, означен със ---> долу. |
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430 |
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431 2. Наместете показалеца така, че да се окаже върху първата грешка. |
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432 |
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433 3. Въведете r и след това буквата, с която ще замествате. |
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434 |
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435 4. Повтаряйте стъпки 2 и 3 докато първият ред стане същия като втория. |
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436 |
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437 ---> Катишо тизе гад и песен, никей а нарескъл гришнета бливочи! |
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438 ---> Когато този ред е писан, някой е натискал грешните клавиши! |
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439 |
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440 5. Сега отидете на урок 3.3. |
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441 |
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442 Забележка! Помнете, че трябва да се учите, като се упражнявате, а не като се |
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443 опитвате да запомните. |
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444 |
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445 |
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446 |
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447 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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448 Урок 3.3: ОПЕРАТОРЪТ ЗА ПРОМЯНА (CHANGE) |
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449 |
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450 |
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451 ** За да промените от мястото на показалеца до края на дума, въведете ce . ** |
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452 |
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453 1. Придвижете показалеца до първия ред долу, означен със --->. |
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454 |
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455 2. Поставете показалеца върху з в тзии. |
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456 |
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457 3. Въведете ce и правилния остатък от думата ( в този случай ози). |
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458 |
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459 4. Натиснете <ESC> и отидете на следващата група букви, които трябва да се променят. |
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460 |
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461 5. Повтаряйте стъпки 3 и 4, докато първото изречение стане същото като второто. |
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462 |
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463 ---> На тзии ред иам неклико дмуи, ктоио требав да се прмнеято като се изповлза оепртореа за промяна. |
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464 ---> На този ред има няколко думи, които трябва да се променят като се използва оператора за промяна. |
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465 |
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466 Забележете, че ce изтрива думата и преминавате в режим за въвеждане. |
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467 |
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469 |
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470 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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471 Урок 3.4: ОЩЕ ПРОМЕНИ С ИЗПОЛЗВАНЕ НА c |
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472 |
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473 |
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474 ** Операторът за промяна се използва със същите движения както при триене ** |
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475 |
18186 | 476 1. Операторът за промяна работи по същия начин като операторът за триене. |
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477 Форматът е: |
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478 |
18186 | 479 c [число] движение |
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480 |
18186 | 481 2. Движенията са същите, например: w (word) и $ (край на ред). |
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482 |
18186 | 483 3. Отидете на първия ред долу, отбелязан със --->. |
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484 |
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485 4. Придвижете показалеца до първата грешка. |
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486 |
18186 | 487 5. Въведете c$ и допишете остатъка от реда така, че да стане същият като |
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488 долния ред. След това натиснете <ESC>. |
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489 |
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490 ---> Краят на този ред трябва да изглежда като долния. |
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491 ---> Краят на този ред трябва да бъде поправен с командата c$. |
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492 |
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493 Забележка! Можете да използвате клавиша Backspace за поправка на грешки, докато въвеждате. |
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494 |
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495 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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496 Урок 3 ОБОБЩЕНИЕ |
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497 |
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498 |
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499 1. За да поставите изтрит преди това отнякъде текст, въведете p . |
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500 Това поставя изтрития текст СЛЕД мястото, на което се намира показалеца. |
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501 Ако сте изтрили преди това цял ред, той ще бъде поставен като следващ ред. |
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502 |
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503 2. За да заместите буква, намираща се под показалеца, въведете r и след |
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504 това буквата, с която искате да заместите. |
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505 |
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506 3. Операторът за промяна ви позволява да променяте текста от мястото на |
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507 показалеца до мястото, указано от съответното движение. Например, въведете |
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508 ce за да изтриете от мястото на показалеца до края на думата, или, |
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509 въведете c$ ,за да замените с нов текст до края на реда. |
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510 |
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511 4. Форматът на оператора за промяна е: |
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512 |
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513 c [число] движение |
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514 |
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515 Сега отидете на следващия урок. |
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516 |
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517 |
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518 |
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519 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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520 Урок 4.1: МЕСТОПОЛОЖЕНИЕ НА ПОКАЗАЛЕЦА И СЪСТОЯНИЕ НА ФАЙЛА |
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521 |
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522 ** Въведете CTRL-G, за да видите къде се намирате във файла и неговото |
18186 | 523 състояние. Въведете G , за да отидете на някой ред. ** |
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524 |
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525 Внимание! Прочетете целия урок, преди да изпълните стъпките в него! |
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526 |
18186 | 527 1. Задръжте натиснат клавиша Ctrl и натиснете g. Това действие го наричаме |
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528 CTRL-G. В дъното на екрана ще се появи съобщение с името на файла и |
18186 | 529 мястото, където се намира показалецът. Запомнете номера на реда за стъпка 3. |
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530 |
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531 Забележка: Може би виждате мястото на показалеца в долния десен ъгъл на екрана. |
18186 | 532 Това се случва, когато настройката 'ruler' е зададена (вижте :help 'ruler' ) |
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533 |
18186 | 534 2. Натиснете G , за да отидете в края на файла. |
535 Въведете gg , за да отидете в началото на файла. | |
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536 |
18186 | 537 3. Въведете номера на реда, на който бяхте, и след това натиснете G. Това ще |
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538 ви върне на мястото където бяхте, когато натиснахте CTRL-G. |
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539 |
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540 4. Ако вече се чувствате уверени, изпълнете стъпките от 1 до 3. |
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541 |
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542 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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543 Урок 4.2: КОМАНДАТА ЗА ТЪРСЕНЕ |
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544 |
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545 |
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546 ** Въведете / , последвана от фраза, за да потърсите фразата. ** |
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547 |
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548 1. В Нормален режим въведете знака / . Забележете, че / (наклонената |
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549 черта) и показалецът се появяват в дъното на екрана, както се случва при |
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550 използването на командата : . |
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551 |
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552 2. Сега въведете 'грешшшка' <ENTER>. Това е думата, която ще търсите. |
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553 |
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554 3. За да търсите същата дума отново, натиснете n . |
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555 За да търсите същата дума отново, но в обратната посока, натиснете N . |
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556 |
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557 4. За да търсите за фраза в обратната посока използвайте ? вместо / . |
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558 |
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559 5. За да се върнете, там където сте били, натиснете CTRL-O (задръжте Ctrl |
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560 натиснат докато натискате клавиша o). Повторете, за да отидете още |
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561 по-назад. С CTRL-I пък отивате напред. |
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562 |
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563 ---> "грешшшка" се се пише "грешка" грешшшка е грешка. |
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564 Внимание! Когато търсенето достигне до края на файла, то ще продължи от |
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565 началото на файла, освен ако настройката 'wrapscan' е била нулирана. |
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566 |
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567 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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568 Урок 4.3: ТЪРСЕНЕ НА СЪОТВЕТСТВАЩИ СКОБИ |
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569 |
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570 |
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571 ** Въведете % , за да на мерите съответната ),], или } . ** |
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572 |
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573 1. Поставете показалеца върху някоя скоба (, [, или { в реда долу, означен със --->. |
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574 |
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575 2. Сега Въведете символа % . |
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576 |
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577 3. Показалецът ще се премести върху съответстващата фигурна, квадратна или |
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578 обикновена скоба. |
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579 |
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580 4. Въведете % , за да преместите показалеца на другата съответстваща скоба. |
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581 |
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582 5. Придвижете показалеца до друга (,),[,],{ или } скоба и вижте какво прави % . |
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583 |
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584 ---> Това ( е ред за проверка с различни скоби като (, [ ] и { } в него. )) |
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585 |
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586 |
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587 Забележка! Това е много полезно при откриване на грешки в програми с несъответстващи скоби. |
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588 |
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589 |
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590 |
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591 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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592 Урок 4.4: КОМАНДАТА ЗА ЗАМЕСТВАНЕ (SUBSTITUTE) |
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593 |
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594 |
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595 ** Въведете :s/старо/ново/g за да заместите 'старо' със 'ново'. ** |
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596 |
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597 1. Придвижете показалеца до реда долу, означен със --->. |
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598 |
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599 2. Въведете :s/тоо/то <ENTER> . Забележете, че командата замества само |
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600 първото съвпадение с "тоо" на реда. |
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601 |
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602 3. Сега въведете :s/тоо/то/g . Като добавите знака g (globally) това |
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603 означава, че искате да се заместят всички съвпадения, навсякъде в реда. |
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604 |
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605 ---> Най-добротоо време да сте на полетоо е лятотоо. |
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606 |
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607 4. За да заместите всяко съвпадение на дадена последователност от символи |
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608 между два реда: |
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609 Въведете :#,#s/old/new/g където #,# са числата на редовете |
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610 (първи и последен), обхватът, в който искате да |
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611 стане заместването. |
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612 Въведете :%s/old/new/g за да промените всяко съвпадение в целия файл. |
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613 Въведете :%s/old/new/gc да бъдете питани при всяко съвпадение, дали |
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614 да се замести или не. |
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615 |
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616 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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617 Урок 4 ОБОБЩЕНИЕ |
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618 |
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619 |
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620 1. CTRL-G показва къде се намирате във файл и състоянието му. |
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621 G ви отвежда до края на файла. |
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622 число G ви отвежда до съответния ред. |
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623 gg ви отвежда до първия ред. |
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624 |
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625 2. Ако натиснете / , последвана от низ за търсене, търсите НАПРЕД. |
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626 Ако натиснете / , последвана от низ за търсене, търсите НАЗАД. |
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627 След търсене, въведете n , за да намерите следващо съвпадение с низа, |
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628 който търсите в същата посока, в която търсите или N , за да търсите в |
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629 обратната посока. |
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630 CTRL-O ви отвежда назад до старо място във файла, CTRL-I обратно до |
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631 по-нови места. |
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632 |
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633 3. Ако натиснете % докато показалеца се намира на (,),[,],{, или }, той |
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634 отива до съответстващата скоба. |
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635 |
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636 4. За да заместите един низ с друг, въведете :s/низ/друг |
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637 За да заместите един низ с друг навсякъде в един ред, въведете :s/низ/друг/g |
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638 За да заместите в даден обхват от редове, въведете :#,#s/низ/друг/g |
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639 За да заместите всички съвпадения във файл, въведете :%s/низ/друг/g |
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640 За да бъдете питани при всяко съвпадение, добавете 'c' :%s/низ/друг/gc |
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641 |
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642 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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643 Урок 5.1: КАК ДА ИЗПЪЛНИМ ВЪНШНА КОМАНДА |
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644 |
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645 |
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646 ** Въведете :! , последвано от външна команда, за да я изпълните. ** |
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647 |
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648 1. Въведете познатото ви вече : , за да поставите показалеца в дъното на |
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649 екрана. Това ви позволява да въвеждате команда. |
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650 |
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651 2. Сега въведете ! (удивителен знак). Това ви позволява да изпълнявате |
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652 всякакви външни команди. |
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653 |
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654 3. Например, след ! въведете ls и след това натиснете <ENTER>. Това ще |
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655 ви покаже списък с файловете и папките точно както ако сте в терминал. |
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656 Напишете :!dir ако ls не работи. |
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657 |
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658 Забележка: По този начин можете да изпълнявате всякакви външни команди и с аргументи. |
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659 |
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660 Забележка: Всички команди, започващи с : завършват с натискането на <ENTER> |
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661 От сега нататък няма да го споменаваме постоянно. |
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662 |
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663 |
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664 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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665 Урок 5.2: ПОВЕЧЕ ЗА ЗАПИСВАНЕТО НА ФАЙЛОВЕ |
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666 |
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667 |
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668 ** За да запишете промените, направени в текста въведете :w ИМЕНАФАЙЛ. ** |
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669 |
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670 1. Въведете :!dir или :!ls за да видите списък със съдържанието на |
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671 текущата папка. Вече знаете, че трябва да натиснете <ENTER> след това. |
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672 |
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673 2. Изберете име на файла, което не съществува, например TEST. |
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674 |
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675 3. Сега въведете :w TEST (където TEST е името на файла). |
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676 |
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677 4. Това записва целия файл (Самоучителя за Vim) под името TEST. |
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678 За да проверите, напишете :!dir или :!ls отново и вижте съдържанието |
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679 на вашата папка. |
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680 |
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681 Забележете! Ако излезете от Vim и го пуснете отново, като напишете на командния |
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682 ред vim TEST , файлът ще бъде точно копие на самоучителя, когато |
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683 сте го записали. |
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684 |
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685 5. Сега изтрийте файла като напишете (в MS-DOS): :!del TEST |
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686 или (в какъвто и да е Unix) :!rm TEST |
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687 |
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688 |
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689 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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690 Урок 5.3: ИЗБОР НА ТЕКСТ ЗА ЗАПИС |
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691 |
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692 |
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693 ** За да запишете част от файла, натиснете v , следвано от движение :w FILENAME ** |
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694 |
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695 1. Придвижете показалеца на този ред. |
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696 |
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697 2. Натиснете v и придвижете показалеца пет реда надолу. Забележете, че |
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698 текстът се осветява. |
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699 |
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700 3. Натиснете : . В дъното на екрана ще се появи :'<,'> . |
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701 |
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702 4. Напишете w TEST , където TEST е име на файл, който все още не съществува. |
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703 Уверете се, че виждате :'<,'>w TEST преди да натиснете <ENTER>. |
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704 |
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705 5. Vim ще запише избраните редове във файла TEST. Използвайте :!dir или :!ls , |
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706 за да го видите. Не го изтривайте все още! Ще го използваме в следващия урок. |
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707 |
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708 Забележете! Като натиснете v , започвате видимо избиране (Visual selection). |
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709 Може да движите показалеца наоколо, за да направите избраното |
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710 по-голямо или по-малко. След което, можете да използвате оператор, |
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711 за да направите нещо с текста. Например, d изтрива текста. |
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712 |
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713 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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714 Урок 5.4: ИЗВЛИЧАНЕ И СЛИВАНЕ НА ФАЙЛОВЕ |
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715 |
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716 |
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717 ** За да вмъкнете съдържание на файл в текущия, въведете :r ИМЕНАФАЙЛ ** |
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718 |
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719 1. Поставете показалеца над този ред. |
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720 |
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721 Важно! След като изпълните стъпка 2, ще видите текста от Урок 5.3. След това |
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722 отидете НАДОЛУ, за да видите този урок отново. |
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723 |
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724 2. Сега извлечете файла TEST, като използвате командата :r TEST , където TEST |
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725 е името на файла, което сте използвали. Файла, който извлекохте е вмъкнат |
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726 под реда, на който се намира показалеца. |
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727 |
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728 3. За да проверите, че файла е извлечен, отидете назад и ще забележите, че |
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729 има два урока 5.3 - оригинала и копието от извлечения файл. |
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730 |
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731 Важно! Също така можете да четете изхода от външна команда. |
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732 :r !ls прочита показаното от ls и го поставя под показалеца. |
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733 |
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734 |
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735 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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736 Урок 5 ОБОБЩЕНИЕ |
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737 |
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738 |
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739 1. :!команда изпълнява външна команда. |
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740 |
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741 Някои полезни примери са: |
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742 (MS-DOS) (Unix) |
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743 :!dir :!ls - показва съдържанието на директорията, в която |
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744 се намирате. |
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745 :!del FILENAME :!rm FILENAME - изтрива файла FILENAME. |
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746 |
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747 2. :w FILENAME записва текущия файл под името FILENAME. |
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748 |
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749 3. v движение :w FILENAME записва видимо избраните редове във файл с име |
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750 FILENAME. |
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751 |
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752 4. :r FILENAME извлича съдържанието на файла с име FILENAME и го вмъква под |
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753 мястото, където се намира показалеца |
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754 |
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755 5. :r !dir чете изхода на командата dir и го поставя под мястото, на |
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756 което се намира показалеца. |
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757 |
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758 |
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759 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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760 Урок 6.1: КОМАНДАТА ЗА ОТВАРЯНЕ (OPEN) |
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761 |
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762 |
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763 ** Натиснете o , за да отворите ред под показалеца и да преминете в |
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764 режим за въвеждане. ** |
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765 |
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766 1. Придвижете показалеца до реда долу, означен със --->. |
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767 |
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768 2. Натиснете клавиша o , за да отворите нов ред ПОД показалеца и да преминете |
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769 в режим за въвеждане. |
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770 |
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771 3. Сега въведете някакъв текст и натиснете <ESC> , за да излезете от режима |
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772 за въвеждане. |
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773 |
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774 ---> След като натиснете o , показалеца отива на новоотворения ред и |
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775 преминавате в режим за въвеждане. |
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776 |
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777 4. За да отворите нов ред НАД показалеца, просто въведете главно O вместо |
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778 малко. Пробвайте това на долния ред. |
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779 |
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780 ---> Отворете нов ред над този, като натиснете O , докато показалеца е на |
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781 този ред. |
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782 |
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783 |
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784 |
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785 |
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786 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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787 Урок 6.2: КОМАНДАТА ЗА ДОБАВЯНЕ (APPEND) |
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changeset
|
788 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
789 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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790 ** Натиснете a , за да въведете текст СЛЕД показалеца. ** |
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|
791 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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792 1. Придвижете показалеца до началото на реда долу, означен със --->. |
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|
793 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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794 2. Натискайте e , докато показалеца отиде до края на ре . |
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|
795 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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796 3. Натиснете a (малка буква), за да добавите текст СЛЕД показалеца. |
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|
797 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
798 4. Допълнете думата както е на следващия ред. Натиснете <ESC> , за да |
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
799 излезете от режима за въвеждане. |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
800 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
801 5. Използвайте e , за да се придвижите до следващата непълна дума и |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
802 повторете стъпки 3 и 4. |
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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changeset
|
803 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
804 ---> Този ре ви позволява да упраж добав на тек в ред. |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
805 ---> Този ред ви позволява да упражнявате добавяне на текст в ред. |
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
806 |
9644
9f7bcc2c3b97
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/6f1d9a096bf22d50c727dca73abbfb8e3ff55176
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|
807 Важно! a, i и A - с всички тях отивате в режим за въвеждане. Единствената |
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/6f1d9a096bf22d50c727dca73abbfb8e3ff55176
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|
808 разлика е в това, къде се въвеждат знаците. |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
809 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
810 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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|
811 Урок 6.3: ДРУГ НАЧИН ЗА ЗАМЕСТВАНЕ |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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|
812 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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parents:
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|
813 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
814 ** Натиснете главно R , за да заместите повече от един знак. ** |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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parents:
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|
815 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
816 1. Придвижете показалеца до първия ред долу означен със --->. Придвижете |
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
817 показалеца до началото на първото xxx. |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
818 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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819 2. Сега натиснете R и въведете числото от долния ред, така че да замести xxx . |
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
820 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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parents:
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821 3. Натиснете <ESC> , за да излезете от режима за заместване. Забележете, че |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
822 остатъка от реда остава непроменен. |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
823 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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824 4. Повторете стъпките, за да заместите другото xxx. |
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
825 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
826 ---> Ако добавите 123 към xxx ще получите xxx. |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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827 ---> Ако добавите 123 към 456 ще получите 579. |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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parents:
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|
828 |
9644
9f7bcc2c3b97
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/6f1d9a096bf22d50c727dca73abbfb8e3ff55176
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parents:
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829 Важно! Режимът за заместване е същия като режима за въвеждане, но всеки въведен |
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/6f1d9a096bf22d50c727dca73abbfb8e3ff55176
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parents:
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|
830 знак изтрива съществуващ знак. |
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831 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
832 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
833 Урок 6.4: КОПИРАНЕ И ЗАМЕСТВАНЕ |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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834 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
835 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
836 ** Използвайте операторът y (yank), за да копирате текст и p (paste), |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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837 за да го поставите. ** |
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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parents:
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|
838 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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parents:
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|
839 1. Отидете до реда, означен със ---> долу и поставете показалеца след "a)". |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
840 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
841 2. Преминете във режим за видимо избиране като използвате v и преместете |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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|
842 показалеца точно пред "първата". |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
843 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
844 3. Натиснете y , за да копирате (yank) осветения текст. |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
845 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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parents:
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changeset
|
846 4. Преместете показалеца на края на следващия ред с j$ |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
847 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
848 5. Натиснете p ,за да поставите (paste) текста. След това натиснете пак <ESC> . |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
849 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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850 6. Използвайте режима за видимо избиране, за да изберете " точка.", вземете |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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|
851 го с y , отидете на края на следващия ред с j$ и поставете текста с p . |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
852 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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parents:
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changeset
|
853 ---> a) това е първата точка. |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
854 b) |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
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parents:
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|
855 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
diff
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|
856 Важно! Можете да използвате y също и като оператор. yw взима цяла дума. |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
857 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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changeset
|
858 Урок 6.5: ЗАДАВАНЕ НА НАСТРОЙКА |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
859 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
860 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
861 ** Задайте настройка, та при търсене и заместване, да не се различават |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
862 големи и малки букви. ** |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
863 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
864 1. Търсете 'разли' като въведете /разли <ENTER> |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
865 Повторете няколко пъти като натискате n . |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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|
866 |
9644
9f7bcc2c3b97
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/6f1d9a096bf22d50c727dca73abbfb8e3ff55176
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parents:
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|
867 2. Задайте настройката 'ic' (Ignore case) като въведете :set ic |
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
diff
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|
868 |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
869 3.Сега търсете 'разли' отново като натискате n . |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
diff
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|
870 Забележете, че сега Разлика и РАЗЛИКА също биват намерени. |
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871 |
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872 4. Задайте настройките 'hlsearch' (highlight search) |
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873 и 'incsearch' (incremental search): :set hls is |
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874 Тези настройки означават съответно "осветяване на намереното" |
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875 и "частично търсене". |
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876 |
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877 5. Сега въведете отново командата за търсене и вижте какво се случва: |
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878 /разли <ENTER> |
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879 |
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880 6. За да изключите нечувствителното към регистъра на буквите търсене, въведете |
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881 :set noic |
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882 |
18186 | 883 Забележка! За да премахнете осветяването, въведете :nohlsearch |
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884 Забележка! Ако искате да не се прави разлика между главни и малки букви само |
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885 при едно търсене, въведете \c (латинско ц) в края на низа, който |
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886 търсите: /разлика\c <ENTER> |
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887 |
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888 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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889 Урок 6 ОБОБЩЕНИЕ |
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890 |
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891 1. Натиснете o , за да отворите нов ред ПОД показалеца и да преминете в |
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892 режим за въвеждане. |
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893 Натиснете O , за да отворите ред НАД показалеца. |
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894 |
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895 2. Натиснете a , за да въведете текст СЛЕД показалеца. |
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896 Натиснете A , за да въведете текст след края на реда. |
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897 |
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898 3. Командата e ви отвежда в края на дума. |
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899 |
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900 4. Операторът y взима (yank) текст, а p го поставя (paste). |
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901 |
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902 5. Ако въведете R , докато сте в нормален режим, преминавате в режим за |
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903 заместване, докато натиснете <ESC>. |
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904 |
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905 6. Ако напишете ":set xxx", задавате настройката "xxx". Ето някои настройки: |
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906 'ic' 'ignorecase' Търсенето не прави разлика между главни и малки букви |
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907 'is' 'incsearch' Показва частични съвпадения на търсеното |
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908 'hls' 'hlsearch' Осветява всички намерени съвпадения |
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909 Можете да ползвате кратките или дългите наименувания на настройките |
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910 |
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911 7. Поставете "no" отпред за да изключите настройка: :set noic |
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912 |
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913 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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914 Урок 7.1: КАК ДА НАМЕРИМ ПОМОЩ |
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915 |
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916 |
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917 ** Ползвайте наличната система за помощ ** |
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918 |
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919 Vim върви с изчерпателна система за помощ. За да започнете, опитайте някоя от |
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920 следните три възможности: |
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921 - натиснете клавиша <HELP> (ако имате такъв на клавиатурата си) |
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922 - натиснете клавиша <F1> (ако имате такъв на клавиатурата си) |
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923 - напишете :help <ENTER> |
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924 |
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925 Прочетете текста в прозореца за помощ, за да разберете как работи системата. |
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|
926 Натиснете CTRL-W CTRL-W (два пъти CTRL-W), за да прескочите от един прозорец в друг. |
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927 Въведете :q <ENTER> , за да затворите прозореца за помощ. |
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|
928 |
9644
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929 Можете да намерите помощ по всякакъв въпрос, като напишете |
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930 ":help" именакоманда. Опитайте следните (не забравяйте да натискате <ENTER>): |
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931 |
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932 :help w |
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933 :help c_CTRL-D |
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934 :help insert-index |
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935 :help user-manual |
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|
936 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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937 Урок 7.2: СЪЗДАЙТЕ СКРИПТ ЗА СТАРТИРАНЕ |
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938 |
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939 |
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940 ** Включване на възможностите на Vim ** |
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941 |
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942 Vim има много повече възможности от Vi, но по подразбиране повечето от тях не |
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943 са включени. За да започнете да ползвате тези възможности, трябва да |
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944 създадете файл, наречен "vimrc". |
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945 |
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946 1. Създайте вашия файл "vimrc". В зависимост от вашата операционна система: |
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947 :e ~/.vimrc за всеки вид Unix |
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948 :e $VIM/_vimrc за MS-Windows |
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949 |
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950 2. Сега прочетете съдържанието на примерния файл "vimrc": |
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951 :r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim |
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952 |
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953 3. Запишете файла с: |
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954 :w |
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955 |
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956 Следващият път като пуснете Vim той ще осветява текста във файловете, които |
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957 отваряте в зависимост от синтаксиса им. Можете да добавите всичките си |
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958 предпочитани настройки в този файл. За повече информация, въведете |
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959 :help vimrc-intro |
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960 |
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961 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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962 Урок 7.3: ДОВЪРШВАНЕ |
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963 |
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964 |
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965 ** Довършване на команди с CTRL-D и <TAB> ** |
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966 |
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967 1. Уверете се, че Vim е в несъвместим режим: :set nocp |
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968 |
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969 2. Вижте какви файлове има в папката ви: :!ls или :!dir |
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970 |
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971 3. Въведете началото на команда: :e |
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972 |
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973 4. Натиснете CTRL-D и Vim ще ви покаже команди, започващи с "e". |
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974 |
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975 5. Натиснете <TAB> и Vim ще допълни командата до ":edit". |
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976 |
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977 6. Сега добавете празно пространство и началото на името на съществуващ файл: |
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978 :edit FIL |
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979 |
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980 7. Натиснете <TAB>. Vim ще допълни името (ако е единствено). |
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981 |
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982 Важно! Допълването работи за много команди. Просто натиснете CTRL-D и/или |
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983 <TAB>. Особено полезно е при намиране на помощ :help . |
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984 |
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985 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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986 Урок 7 ОБОБЩЕНИЕ |
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987 |
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988 |
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989 1. Напишете :help или натиснете <F1> или <Help> за да отворите помощния |
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990 прозорец. |
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991 |
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992 2. Напишете :help cmd , за да намерите помощ за cmd . |
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993 |
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994 3. Натиснете CTRL-W CTRL-W , за да прескочите в друг прозорец. |
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995 4. Напишете :q , за да затворите помощния прозорец. |
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996 |
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997 5. Създайте файл за стартиране vimrc, за да запазите предпочитаните от вас |
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998 настройки. |
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999 |
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1000 6. Когато въвеждате команда след : , натиснете CTRL-D , за да видите |
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1001 възможностите за допълване. Натиснете <TAB> , за да използвате някоя от |
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1002 предложените възможности за допълване. |
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1003 |
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1004 |
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1005 |
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1006 |
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1007 |
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1008 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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1009 |
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1010 С това завършва Самоучителят на Vim. Той бе предназначен да даде кратък |
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1011 преглед на текстовия редактор Vim. Съвсем достатъчно, за да можете да |
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1012 ползвате редактора лесно. Самоучителят е доста непълен, понеже Vim има много |
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1013 повече команди. Сега прочете наръчника за потребителя: ":help user-manual". |
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1014 |
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1015 Препоръчваме следната книга за по-нататъшно четене: |
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1016 Vim - Vi Improved - от Steve Oualline |
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1017 Издател: New Riders |
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1018 Това е първата книга, изцяло посветена на Vim. Особено полезна е за |
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1019 начинаещи. В нея ще намерите много примери и картинки. |
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1020 Вижте http://iccf-holland.org/click5.html |
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1021 |
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1022 Следната книга е по-стара и по-скоро за Vi отколкото за Vim, но също се препоръчва: |
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1023 Learning the Vi Editor - от Linda Lamb |
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1024 Издател: O'Reilly & Associates Inc. |
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1025 Това е книга, която ще ви запознае с почти всичко във Vi. |
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1026 Шестото издание включва и информация за Vim. |
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1027 |
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1028 Този самоучител е написан от Michael C. Pierce и Robert K. Ware, |
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1029 Colorado School of Mines, като използва идеи предоставени от Charles Smith, |
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1030 Colorado State University. E-mail: bware@mines.colorado.edu. |
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1031 |
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1032 Променен за Vim от Bram Moolenaar. |
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1033 |
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1034 Превод от Красимир Беров <berov@cpan.org>, юли 2016. |
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1035 Този превод е подарък за сина ми Павел и е посветен на българските деца. |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1036 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
9560a5b782ee
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/42ebd066422d73cdb7bda6a1dc828a3dd022dec8
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1037 |