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annotate runtime/doc/windows.txt @ 5873:8e9db1f27a00 v7.4.279
updated for version 7.4.279
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Solution: Add an optional argument like with glob(). (Adnan Zafar)
author | Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org> |
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date | Wed, 07 May 2014 18:35:30 +0200 |
parents | c52a655d927d |
children | 7c9abc70ffc1 |
rev | line source |
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5763 | 1 *windows.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2014 Mar 25 |
7 | 2 |
3 | |
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
5 | |
6 | |
7 Editing with multiple windows and buffers. *windows* *buffers* | |
8 | |
9 The commands which have been added to use multiple windows and buffers are | |
10 explained here. Additionally, there are explanations for commands that work | |
11 differently when used in combination with more than one window. | |
12 | |
13 The basics are explained in chapter 7 and 8 of the user manual |usr_07.txt| | |
14 |usr_08.txt|. | |
15 | |
16 1. Introduction |windows-intro| | |
17 2. Starting Vim |windows-starting| | |
18 3. Opening and closing a window |opening-window| | |
19 4. Moving cursor to other windows |window-move-cursor| | |
20 5. Moving windows around |window-moving| | |
21 6. Window resizing |window-resize| | |
22 7. Argument and buffer list commands |buffer-list| | |
23 8. Do a command in all buffers or windows |list-repeat| | |
24 9. Tag or file name under the cursor |window-tag| | |
25 10. The preview window |preview-window| | |
26 11. Using hidden buffers |buffer-hidden| | |
27 12. Special kinds of buffers |special-buffers| | |
28 | |
29 {Vi does not have any of these commands} | |
30 {not able to use multiple windows when the |+windows| feature was disabled at | |
31 compile time} | |
32 {not able to use vertically split windows when the |+vertsplit| feature was | |
33 disabled at compile time} | |
34 | |
35 ============================================================================== | |
819 | 36 1. Introduction *windows-intro* *window* |
7 | 37 |
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38 Summary: |
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39 A buffer is the in-memory text of a file. |
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40 A window is a viewport on a buffer. |
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41 A tab page is a collection of windows. |
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42 |
7 | 43 A window is a viewport onto a buffer. You can use multiple windows on one |
44 buffer, or several windows on different buffers. | |
45 | |
46 A buffer is a file loaded into memory for editing. The original file remains | |
47 unchanged until you write the buffer to the file. | |
48 | |
49 A buffer can be in one of three states: | |
50 | |
51 *active-buffer* | |
52 active: The buffer is displayed in a window. If there is a file for this | |
53 buffer, it has been read into the buffer. The buffer may have been | |
54 modified since then and thus be different from the file. | |
55 *hidden-buffer* | |
56 hidden: The buffer is not displayed. If there is a file for this buffer, it | |
57 has been read into the buffer. Otherwise it's the same as an active | |
58 buffer, you just can't see it. | |
59 *inactive-buffer* | |
60 inactive: The buffer is not displayed and does not contain anything. Options | |
61 for the buffer are remembered if the file was once loaded. It can | |
62 contain marks from the |viminfo| file. But the buffer doesn't | |
63 contain text. | |
64 | |
65 In a table: | |
66 | |
67 state displayed loaded ":buffers" ~ | |
68 in window shows ~ | |
69 active yes yes 'a' | |
70 hidden no yes 'h' | |
71 inactive no no ' ' | |
72 | |
73 Note: All CTRL-W commands can also be executed with |:wincmd|, for those | |
74 places where a Normal mode command can't be used or is inconvenient. | |
75 | |
674 | 76 The main Vim window can hold several split windows. There are also tab pages |
77 |tab-page|, each of which can hold multiple windows. | |
78 | |
7 | 79 ============================================================================== |
80 2. Starting Vim *windows-starting* | |
81 | |
82 By default, Vim starts with one window, just like Vi. | |
83 | |
84 The "-o" and "-O" arguments to Vim can be used to open a window for each file | |
85 in the argument list. The "-o" argument will split the windows horizontally; | |
86 the "-O" argument will split the windows vertically. If both "-o" and "-O" | |
87 are given, the last one encountered will be used to determine the split | |
88 orientation. For example, this will open three windows, split horizontally: > | |
89 vim -o file1 file2 file3 | |
90 | |
91 "-oN", where N is a decimal number, opens N windows split horizontally. If | |
92 there are more file names than windows, only N windows are opened and some | |
93 files do not get a window. If there are more windows than file names, the | |
94 last few windows will be editing empty buffers. Similarly, "-ON" opens N | |
95 windows split vertically, with the same restrictions. | |
96 | |
97 If there are many file names, the windows will become very small. You might | |
98 want to set the 'winheight' and/or 'winwidth' options to create a workable | |
99 situation. | |
100 | |
101 Buf/Win Enter/Leave |autocommand|s are not executed when opening the new | |
102 windows and reading the files, that's only done when they are really entered. | |
103 | |
104 *status-line* | |
105 A status line will be used to separate windows. The 'laststatus' option tells | |
106 when the last window also has a status line: | |
107 'laststatus' = 0 never a status line | |
108 'laststatus' = 1 status line if there is more than one window | |
109 'laststatus' = 2 always a status line | |
110 | |
111 You can change the contents of the status line with the 'statusline' option. | |
40 | 112 This option can be local to the window, so that you can have a different |
113 status line in each window. | |
7 | 114 |
115 Normally, inversion is used to display the status line. This can be changed | |
116 with the 's' character in the 'highlight' option. For example, "sb" sets it to | |
117 bold characters. If no highlighting is used for the status line ("sn"), the | |
118 '^' character is used for the current window, and '=' for other windows. If | |
119 the mouse is supported and enabled with the 'mouse' option, a status line can | |
120 be dragged to resize windows. | |
121 | |
122 Note: If you expect your status line to be in reverse video and it isn't, | |
123 check if the 'highlight' option contains "si". In version 3.0, this meant to | |
124 invert the status line. Now it should be "sr", reverse the status line, as | |
125 "si" now stands for italic! If italic is not available on your terminal, the | |
126 status line is inverted anyway; you will only see this problem on terminals | |
127 that have termcap codes for italics. | |
128 | |
129 ============================================================================== | |
130 3. Opening and closing a window *opening-window* *E36* | |
131 | |
132 CTRL-W s *CTRL-W_s* | |
133 CTRL-W S *CTRL-W_S* | |
134 CTRL-W CTRL-S *CTRL-W_CTRL-S* | |
5741 | 135 :[N]sp[lit] [++opt] [+cmd] [file] *:sp* *:split* |
7 | 136 Split current window in two. The result is two viewports on |
5741 | 137 the same file. |
138 | |
139 Make the new window N high (default is to use half the height | |
140 of the current window). Reduces the current window height to | |
141 create room (and others, if the 'equalalways' option is set, | |
142 'eadirection' isn't "hor", and one of them is higher than the | |
143 current or the new window). | |
144 | |
145 If [file] is given it will be edited in the new window. If it | |
146 is not loaded in any buffer, it will be read. Else the new | |
147 window will use the already loaded buffer. | |
148 | |
7 | 149 Note: CTRL-S does not work on all terminals and might block |
150 further input, use CTRL-Q to get going again. | |
151 Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|. | |
152 | |
153 CTRL-W CTRL-V *CTRL-W_CTRL-V* | |
154 CTRL-W v *CTRL-W_v* | |
155 :[N]vs[plit] [++opt] [+cmd] [file] *:vs* *:vsplit* | |
1354 | 156 Like |:split|, but split vertically. The windows will be |
157 spread out horizontally if | |
158 1. a width was not specified, | |
159 2. 'equalalways' is set, | |
160 3. 'eadirection' isn't "ver", and | |
1622 | 161 4. one of the other windows is wider than the current or new |
1354 | 162 window. |
7 | 163 Note: In other places CTRL-Q does the same as CTRL-V, but here |
164 it doesn't! | |
165 | |
166 CTRL-W n *CTRL-W_n* | |
167 CTRL-W CTRL_N *CTRL-W_CTRL-N* | |
168 :[N]new [++opt] [+cmd] *:new* | |
169 Create a new window and start editing an empty file in it. | |
170 Make new window N high (default is to use half the existing | |
171 height). Reduces the current window height to create room (and | |
172 others, if the 'equalalways' option is set and 'eadirection' | |
173 isn't "hor"). | |
174 Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|. | |
175 If 'fileformats' is not empty, the first format given will be | |
176 used for the new buffer. If 'fileformats' is empty, the | |
177 'fileformat' of the current buffer is used. This can be | |
178 overridden with the |++opt| argument. | |
179 Autocommands are executed in this order: | |
180 1. WinLeave for the current window | |
181 2. WinEnter for the new window | |
182 3. BufLeave for the current buffer | |
183 4. BufEnter for the new buffer | |
3465 | 184 This behaves like a ":split" first, and then an ":enew" |
185 command. | |
7 | 186 |
187 :[N]vne[w] [++opt] [+cmd] [file] *:vne* *:vnew* | |
188 Like |:new|, but split vertically. If 'equalalways' is set | |
189 and 'eadirection' isn't "ver" the windows will be spread out | |
190 horizontally, unless a width was specified. | |
191 | |
192 :[N]new [++opt] [+cmd] {file} | |
193 :[N]sp[lit] [++opt] [+cmd] {file} *:split_f* | |
3465 | 194 Create a new window and start editing file {file} in it. This |
195 behaves like a ":split" first, and then an ":e" command. | |
7 | 196 If [+cmd] is given, execute the command when the file has been |
197 loaded |+cmd|. | |
198 Also see |++opt|. | |
199 Make new window N high (default is to use half the existing | |
200 height). Reduces the current window height to create room | |
201 (and others, if the 'equalalways' option is set). | |
202 | |
203 :[N]sv[iew] [++opt] [+cmd] {file} *:sv* *:sview* *splitview* | |
204 Same as ":split", but set 'readonly' option for this buffer. | |
205 | |
206 :[N]sf[ind] [++opt] [+cmd] {file} *:sf* *:sfind* *splitfind* | |
1668 | 207 Same as ":split", but search for {file} in 'path' like in |
208 |:find|. Doesn't split if {file} is not found. | |
7 | 209 |
210 CTRL-W CTRL-^ *CTRL-W_CTRL-^* *CTRL-W_^* | |
211 CTRL-W ^ Does ":split #", split window in two and edit alternate file. | |
212 When a count is given, it becomes ":split #N", split window | |
213 and edit buffer N. | |
214 | |
215 Note that the 'splitbelow' and 'splitright' options influence where a new | |
216 window will appear. | |
217 | |
218 *:vert* *:vertical* | |
219 :vert[ical] {cmd} | |
220 Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window, | |
221 it will be split vertically. | |
1123 | 222 Doesn't work for |:execute| and |:normal|. |
7 | 223 |
224 :lefta[bove] {cmd} *:lefta* *:leftabove* | |
225 :abo[veleft] {cmd} *:abo* *:aboveleft* | |
226 Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window, | |
227 it will be opened left (vertical split) or above (horizontal | |
228 split) the current window. Overrules 'splitbelow' and | |
229 'splitright'. | |
1123 | 230 Doesn't work for |:execute| and |:normal|. |
7 | 231 |
232 :rightb[elow] {cmd} *:rightb* *:rightbelow* | |
233 :bel[owright] {cmd} *:bel* *:belowright* | |
234 Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window, | |
235 it will be opened right (vertical split) or below (horizontal | |
236 split) the current window. Overrules 'splitbelow' and | |
237 'splitright'. | |
1123 | 238 Doesn't work for |:execute| and |:normal|. |
7 | 239 |
240 *:topleft* *E442* | |
241 :to[pleft] {cmd} | |
242 Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window, | |
243 it will appear at the top and occupy the full width of the Vim | |
244 window. When the split is vertical the window appears at the | |
245 far left and occupies the full height of the Vim window. | |
1123 | 246 Doesn't work for |:execute| and |:normal|. |
7 | 247 |
248 *:botright* | |
249 :bo[tright] {cmd} | |
250 Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window, | |
251 it will appear at the bottom and occupy the full width of the | |
252 Vim window. When the split is vertical the window appears at | |
253 the far right and occupies the full height of the Vim window. | |
1123 | 254 Doesn't work for |:execute| and |:normal|. |
7 | 255 |
256 These command modifiers can be combined to make a vertically split window | |
257 occupy the full height. Example: > | |
3082 | 258 :vertical topleft split tags |
7 | 259 Opens a vertically split, full-height window on the "tags" file at the far |
260 left of the Vim window. | |
261 | |
262 | |
263 Closing a window | |
264 ---------------- | |
265 | |
266 CTRL-W q *CTRL-W_q* | |
267 CTRL-W CTRL-Q *CTRL-W_CTRL-Q* | |
268 :q[uit] Quit current window. When quitting the last window (not | |
269 counting a help window), exit Vim. | |
270 When 'hidden' is set, and there is only one window for the | |
271 current buffer, it becomes hidden. | |
272 When 'hidden' is not set, and there is only one window for the | |
273 current buffer, and the buffer was changed, the command fails. | |
274 (Note: CTRL-Q does not work on all terminals) | |
275 | |
276 :q[uit]! Quit current window. If this was the last window for a buffer, | |
277 any changes to that buffer are lost. When quitting the last | |
278 window (not counting help windows), exit Vim. The contents of | |
279 the buffer are lost, even when 'hidden' is set. | |
280 | |
281 CTRL-W c *CTRL-W_c* *:clo* *:close* | |
282 :clo[se][!] Close current window. When the 'hidden' option is set, or | |
283 when the buffer was changed and the [!] is used, the buffer | |
284 becomes hidden (unless there is another window editing it). | |
674 | 285 When there is only one window in the current tab page and |
286 there is another tab page, this closes the current tab page. | |
287 |tab-page|. | |
7 | 288 This command fails when: *E444* |
289 - There is only one window on the screen. | |
290 - When 'hidden' is not set, [!] is not used, the buffer has | |
291 changes, and there is no other window on this buffer. | |
292 Changes to the buffer are not written and won't get lost, so | |
293 this is a "safe" command. | |
294 | |
295 CTRL-W CTRL-C *CTRL-W_CTRL-C* | |
296 You might have expected that CTRL-W CTRL-C closes the current | |
297 window, but that does not work, because the CTRL-C cancels the | |
298 command. | |
299 | |
300 *:hide* | |
301 :hid[e] Quit current window, unless it is the last window on the | |
302 screen. The buffer becomes hidden (unless there is another | |
303 window editing it or 'bufhidden' is "unload" or "delete"). | |
674 | 304 If the window is the last one in the current tab page the tab |
305 page is closed. |tab-page| | |
7 | 306 The value of 'hidden' is irrelevant for this command. |
307 Changes to the buffer are not written and won't get lost, so | |
308 this is a "safe" command. | |
309 | |
310 :hid[e] {cmd} Execute {cmd} with 'hidden' is set. The previous value of | |
311 'hidden' is restored after {cmd} has been executed. | |
312 Example: > | |
313 :hide edit Makefile | |
314 < This will edit "Makefile", and hide the current buffer if it | |
315 has any changes. | |
316 | |
317 CTRL-W o *CTRL-W_o* *E445* | |
318 CTRL-W CTRL-O *CTRL-W_CTRL-O* *:on* *:only* | |
319 :on[ly][!] Make the current window the only one on the screen. All other | |
320 windows are closed. | |
321 When the 'hidden' option is set, all buffers in closed windows | |
322 become hidden. | |
323 When 'hidden' is not set, and the 'autowrite' option is set, | |
324 modified buffers are written. Otherwise, windows that have | |
325 buffers that are modified are not removed, unless the [!] is | |
326 given, then they become hidden. But modified buffers are | |
327 never abandoned, so changes cannot get lost. | |
328 | |
329 ============================================================================== | |
330 4. Moving cursor to other windows *window-move-cursor* | |
331 | |
332 CTRL-W <Down> *CTRL-W_<Down>* | |
333 CTRL-W CTRL-J *CTRL-W_CTRL-J* *CTRL-W_j* | |
334 CTRL-W j Move cursor to Nth window below current one. Uses the cursor | |
335 position to select between alternatives. | |
336 | |
337 CTRL-W <Up> *CTRL-W_<Up>* | |
338 CTRL-W CTRL-K *CTRL-W_CTRL-K* *CTRL-W_k* | |
339 CTRL-W k Move cursor to Nth window above current one. Uses the cursor | |
340 position to select between alternatives. | |
341 | |
342 CTRL-W <Left> *CTRL-W_<Left>* | |
343 CTRL-W CTRL-H *CTRL-W_CTRL-H* | |
344 CTRL-W <BS> *CTRL-W_<BS>* *CTRL-W_h* | |
345 CTRL-W h Move cursor to Nth window left of current one. Uses the | |
346 cursor position to select between alternatives. | |
347 | |
348 CTRL-W <Right> *CTRL-W_<Right>* | |
349 CTRL-W CTRL-L *CTRL-W_CTRL-L* *CTRL-W_l* | |
350 CTRL-W l Move cursor to Nth window right of current one. Uses the | |
351 cursor position to select between alternatives. | |
352 | |
353 CTRL-W w *CTRL-W_w* *CTRL-W_CTRL-W* | |
354 CTRL-W CTRL-W Without count: move cursor to window below/right of the | |
355 current one. If there is no window below or right, go to | |
356 top-left window. | |
357 With count: go to Nth window (windows are numbered from | |
358 top-left to bottom-right). To obtain the window number see | |
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359 |bufwinnr()| and |winnr()|. When N is larger than the number |
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360 of windows go to the last window. |
7 | 361 |
362 *CTRL-W_W* | |
363 CTRL-W W Without count: move cursor to window above/left of current | |
364 one. If there is no window above or left, go to bottom-right | |
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365 window. With count: go to Nth window, like with CTRL-W w. |
7 | 366 |
367 CTRL-W t *CTRL-W_t* *CTRL-W_CTRL-T* | |
368 CTRL-W CTRL-T Move cursor to top-left window. | |
369 | |
370 CTRL-W b *CTRL-W_b* *CTRL-W_CTRL-B* | |
371 CTRL-W CTRL-B Move cursor to bottom-right window. | |
372 | |
373 CTRL-W p *CTRL-W_p* *CTRL-W_CTRL-P* | |
374 CTRL-W CTRL-P Go to previous (last accessed) window. | |
375 | |
376 *CTRL-W_P* *E441* | |
377 CTRL-W P Go to preview window. When there is no preview window this is | |
378 an error. | |
379 {not available when compiled without the |+quickfix| feature} | |
380 | |
381 If Visual mode is active and the new window is not for the same buffer, the | |
382 Visual mode is ended. If the window is on the same buffer, the cursor | |
383 position is set to keep the same Visual area selected. | |
384 | |
385 *:winc* *:wincmd* | |
386 These commands can also be executed with ":wincmd": | |
387 | |
388 :[count]winc[md] {arg} | |
389 Like executing CTRL-W [count] {arg}. Example: > | |
390 :wincmd j | |
391 < Moves to the window below the current one. | |
392 This command is useful when a Normal mode cannot be used (for | |
393 the |CursorHold| autocommand event). Or when a Normal mode | |
394 command is inconvenient. | |
395 The count can also be a window number. Example: > | |
396 :exe nr . "wincmd w" | |
397 < This goes to window "nr". | |
398 | |
399 ============================================================================== | |
400 5. Moving windows around *window-moving* | |
401 | |
402 CTRL-W r *CTRL-W_r* *CTRL-W_CTRL-R* *E443* | |
403 CTRL-W CTRL-R Rotate windows downwards/rightwards. The first window becomes | |
404 the second one, the second one becomes the third one, etc. | |
405 The last window becomes the first window. The cursor remains | |
406 in the same window. | |
407 This only works within the row or column of windows that the | |
408 current window is in. | |
409 | |
410 *CTRL-W_R* | |
411 CTRL-W R Rotate windows upwards/leftwards. The second window becomes | |
412 the first one, the third one becomes the second one, etc. The | |
413 first window becomes the last window. The cursor remains in | |
414 the same window. | |
415 This only works within the row or column of windows that the | |
416 current window is in. | |
417 | |
418 CTRL-W x *CTRL-W_x* *CTRL-W_CTRL-X* | |
419 CTRL-W CTRL-X Without count: Exchange current window with next one. If there | |
420 is no next window, exchange with previous window. | |
421 With count: Exchange current window with Nth window (first | |
422 window is 1). The cursor is put in the other window. | |
423 When vertical and horizontal window splits are mixed, the | |
424 exchange is only done in the row or column of windows that the | |
425 current window is in. | |
426 | |
427 The following commands can be used to change the window layout. For example, | |
428 when there are two vertically split windows, CTRL-W K will change that in | |
429 horizontally split windows. CTRL-W H does it the other way around. | |
430 | |
431 *CTRL-W_K* | |
432 CTRL-W K Move the current window to be at the very top, using the full | |
433 width of the screen. This works like closing the current | |
434 window and then creating another one with ":topleft split", | |
435 except that the current window contents is used for the new | |
436 window. | |
437 | |
438 *CTRL-W_J* | |
439 CTRL-W J Move the current window to be at the very bottom, using the | |
440 full width of the screen. This works like closing the current | |
441 window and then creating another one with ":botright split", | |
442 except that the current window contents is used for the new | |
443 window. | |
444 | |
445 *CTRL-W_H* | |
446 CTRL-W H Move the current window to be at the far left, using the | |
447 full height of the screen. This works like closing the | |
448 current window and then creating another one with | |
449 ":vert topleft split", except that the current window contents | |
450 is used for the new window. | |
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451 {not available when compiled without the |+vertsplit| feature} |
7 | 452 |
453 *CTRL-W_L* | |
454 CTRL-W L Move the current window to be at the far right, using the full | |
455 height of the screen. This works like closing the | |
456 current window and then creating another one with | |
457 ":vert botright split", except that the current window | |
458 contents is used for the new window. | |
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459 {not available when compiled without the |+vertsplit| feature} |
7 | 460 |
826 | 461 *CTRL-W_T* |
462 CTRL-W T Move the current window to a new tab page. This fails if | |
463 there is only one window in the current tab page. | |
464 When a count is specified the new tab page will be opened | |
465 before the tab page with this index. Otherwise it comes after | |
466 the current tab page. | |
467 | |
7 | 468 ============================================================================== |
469 6. Window resizing *window-resize* | |
470 | |
471 *CTRL-W_=* | |
472 CTRL-W = Make all windows (almost) equally high and wide, but use | |
473 'winheight' and 'winwidth' for the current window. | |
1123 | 474 Windows with 'winfixheight' set keep their height and windows |
475 with 'winfixwidth' set keep their width. | |
7 | 476 |
477 :res[ize] -N *:res* *:resize* *CTRL-W_-* | |
478 CTRL-W - Decrease current window height by N (default 1). | |
2152 | 479 If used after |:vertical|: decrease width by N. |
7 | 480 |
481 :res[ize] +N *CTRL-W_+* | |
482 CTRL-W + Increase current window height by N (default 1). | |
2152 | 483 If used after |:vertical|: increase width by N. |
7 | 484 |
485 :res[ize] [N] | |
486 CTRL-W CTRL-_ *CTRL-W_CTRL-_* *CTRL-W__* | |
487 CTRL-W _ Set current window height to N (default: highest possible). | |
488 | |
489 z{nr}<CR> Set current window height to {nr}. | |
490 | |
491 *CTRL-W_<* | |
492 CTRL-W < Decrease current window width by N (default 1). | |
493 | |
494 *CTRL-W_>* | |
495 CTRL-W > Increase current window width by N (default 1). | |
496 | |
497 :vertical res[ize] [N] *:vertical-resize* *CTRL-W_bar* | |
498 CTRL-W | Set current window width to N (default: widest possible). | |
499 | |
500 You can also resize a window by dragging a status line up or down with the | |
501 mouse. Or by dragging a vertical separator line left or right. This only | |
502 works if the version of Vim that is being used supports the mouse and the | |
503 'mouse' option has been set to enable it. | |
504 | |
505 The option 'winheight' ('wh') is used to set the minimal window height of the | |
506 current window. This option is used each time another window becomes the | |
507 current window. If the option is '0', it is disabled. Set 'winheight' to a | |
508 very large value, e.g., '9999', to make the current window always fill all | |
509 available space. Set it to a reasonable value, e.g., '10', to make editing in | |
510 the current window comfortable. | |
511 | |
512 The equivalent 'winwidth' ('wiw') option is used to set the minimal width of | |
513 the current window. | |
514 | |
515 When the option 'equalalways' ('ea') is set, all the windows are automatically | |
516 made the same size after splitting or closing a window. If you don't set this | |
517 option, splitting a window will reduce the size of the current window and | |
518 leave the other windows the same. When closing a window, the extra lines are | |
519 given to the window above it. | |
520 | |
521 The 'eadirection' option limits the direction in which the 'equalalways' | |
522 option is applied. The default "both" resizes in both directions. When the | |
523 value is "ver" only the heights of windows are equalized. Use this when you | |
524 have manually resized a vertically split window and want to keep this width. | |
525 Likewise, "hor" causes only the widths of windows to be equalized. | |
526 | |
527 The option 'cmdheight' ('ch') is used to set the height of the command-line. | |
528 If you are annoyed by the |hit-enter| prompt for long messages, set this | |
529 option to 2 or 3. | |
530 | |
531 If there is only one window, resizing that window will also change the command | |
532 line height. If there are several windows, resizing the current window will | |
533 also change the height of the window below it (and sometimes the window above | |
534 it). | |
535 | |
536 The minimal height and width of a window is set with 'winminheight' and | |
537 'winminwidth'. These are hard values, a window will never become smaller. | |
538 | |
539 ============================================================================== | |
540 7. Argument and buffer list commands *buffer-list* | |
541 | |
542 args list buffer list meaning ~ | |
543 1. :[N]argument [N] 11. :[N]buffer [N] to arg/buf N | |
544 2. :[N]next [file ..] 12. :[N]bnext [N] to Nth next arg/buf | |
545 3. :[N]Next [N] 13. :[N]bNext [N] to Nth previous arg/buf | |
546 4. :[N]previous [N] 14. :[N]bprevious [N] to Nth previous arg/buf | |
547 5. :rewind / :first 15. :brewind / :bfirst to first arg/buf | |
548 6. :last 16. :blast to last arg/buf | |
549 7. :all 17. :ball edit all args/buffers | |
550 18. :unhide edit all loaded buffers | |
551 19. :[N]bmod [N] to Nth modified buf | |
552 | |
553 split & args list split & buffer list meaning ~ | |
554 21. :[N]sargument [N] 31. :[N]sbuffer [N] split + to arg/buf N | |
555 22. :[N]snext [file ..] 32. :[N]sbnext [N] split + to Nth next arg/buf | |
556 23. :[N]sNext [N] 33. :[N]sbNext [N] split + to Nth previous arg/buf | |
557 24. :[N]sprevious [N] 34. :[N]sbprevious [N] split + to Nth previous arg/buf | |
558 25. :srewind / :sfirst 35. :sbrewind / :sbfirst split + to first arg/buf | |
559 26. :slast 36. :sblast split + to last arg/buf | |
237 | 560 27. :sall 37. :sball edit all args/buffers |
7 | 561 38. :sunhide edit all loaded buffers |
562 39. :[N]sbmod [N] split + to Nth modified buf | |
563 | |
564 40. :args list of arguments | |
565 41. :buffers list of buffers | |
566 | |
567 The meaning of [N] depends on the command: | |
568 [N] is number of buffers to go forward/backward on ?2, ?3, and ?4 | |
569 [N] is an argument number, defaulting to current argument, for 1 and 21 | |
570 [N] is a buffer number, defaulting to current buffer, for 11 and 31 | |
571 [N] is a count for 19 and 39 | |
572 | |
573 Note: ":next" is an exception, because it must accept a list of file names | |
574 for compatibility with Vi. | |
575 | |
576 | |
577 The argument list and multiple windows | |
578 -------------------------------------- | |
579 | |
580 The current position in the argument list can be different for each window. | |
581 Remember that when doing ":e file", the position in the argument list stays | |
582 the same, but you are not editing the file at that position. To indicate | |
583 this, the file message (and the title, if you have one) shows | |
584 "(file (N) of M)", where "(N)" is the current position in the file list, and | |
585 "M" the number of files in the file list. | |
586 | |
587 All the entries in the argument list are added to the buffer list. Thus, you | |
588 can also get to them with the buffer list commands, like ":bnext". | |
589 | |
590 :[N]al[l][!] [N] *:al* *:all* *:sal* *:sall* | |
591 :[N]sal[l][!] [N] | |
592 Rearrange the screen to open one window for each argument. | |
593 All other windows are closed. When a count is given, this is | |
594 the maximum number of windows to open. | |
699 | 595 With the |:tab| modifier open a tab page for each argument. |
596 When there are more arguments than 'tabpagemax' further ones | |
597 become split windows in the last tab page. | |
7 | 598 When the 'hidden' option is set, all buffers in closed windows |
599 become hidden. | |
600 When 'hidden' is not set, and the 'autowrite' option is set, | |
601 modified buffers are written. Otherwise, windows that have | |
602 buffers that are modified are not removed, unless the [!] is | |
603 given, then they become hidden. But modified buffers are | |
604 never abandoned, so changes cannot get lost. | |
605 [N] is the maximum number of windows to open. 'winheight' | |
606 also limits the number of windows opened ('winwidth' if | |
607 |:vertical| was prepended). | |
608 Buf/Win Enter/Leave autocommands are not executed for the new | |
609 windows here, that's only done when they are really entered. | |
610 | |
611 :[N]sa[rgument][!] [++opt] [+cmd] [N] *:sa* *:sargument* | |
612 Short for ":split | argument [N]": split window and go to Nth | |
613 argument. But when there is no such argument, the window is | |
614 not split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|. | |
615 | |
616 :[N]sn[ext][!] [++opt] [+cmd] [file ..] *:sn* *:snext* | |
617 Short for ":split | [N]next": split window and go to Nth next | |
618 argument. But when there is no next file, the window is not | |
619 split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|. | |
620 | |
621 :[N]spr[evious][!] [++opt] [+cmd] [N] *:spr* *:sprevious* | |
622 :[N]sN[ext][!] [++opt] [+cmd] [N] *:sN* *:sNext* | |
623 Short for ":split | [N]Next": split window and go to Nth | |
624 previous argument. But when there is no previous file, the | |
625 window is not split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|. | |
626 | |
627 *:sre* *:srewind* | |
628 :sre[wind][!] [++opt] [+cmd] | |
629 Short for ":split | rewind": split window and go to first | |
630 argument. But when there is no argument list, the window is | |
631 not split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|. | |
632 | |
633 *:sfir* *:sfirst* | |
168 | 634 :sfir[st] [++opt] [+cmd] |
7 | 635 Same as ":srewind". |
636 | |
637 *:sla* *:slast* | |
638 :sla[st][!] [++opt] [+cmd] | |
639 Short for ":split | last": split window and go to last | |
640 argument. But when there is no argument list, the window is | |
641 not split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|. | |
642 | |
643 *:dr* *:drop* | |
1702 | 644 :dr[op] [++opt] [+cmd] {file} .. |
7 | 645 Edit the first {file} in a window. |
646 - If the file is already open in a window change to that | |
647 window. | |
648 - If the file is not open in a window edit the file in the | |
649 current window. If the current buffer can't be |abandon|ed, | |
650 the window is split first. | |
651 The |argument-list| is set, like with the |:next| command. | |
652 The purpose of this command is that it can be used from a | |
653 program that wants Vim to edit another file, e.g., a debugger. | |
819 | 654 When using the |:tab| modifier each argument is opened in a |
655 tab page. The last window is used if it's empty. | |
1702 | 656 Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|. |
2570
71b56b4e7785
Make the references to features in the help more consistent. (Sylvain Hitier)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2561
diff
changeset
|
657 {only available when compiled with a GUI} |
7 | 658 |
659 ============================================================================== | |
660 8. Do a command in all buffers or windows *list-repeat* | |
661 | |
662 *:windo* | |
819 | 663 :windo {cmd} Execute {cmd} in each window. |
7 | 664 It works like doing this: > |
665 CTRL-W t | |
666 :{cmd} | |
667 CTRL-W w | |
668 :{cmd} | |
669 etc. | |
685 | 670 < This only operates in the current tab page. |
674 | 671 When an error is detected on one window, further |
7 | 672 windows will not be visited. |
673 The last window (or where an error occurred) becomes | |
674 the current window. | |
675 {cmd} can contain '|' to concatenate several commands. | |
676 {cmd} must not open or close windows or reorder them. | |
677 {not in Vi} {not available when compiled without the | |
678 |+listcmds| feature} | |
685 | 679 Also see |:tabdo|, |:argdo| and |:bufdo|. |
7 | 680 |
681 *:bufdo* | |
682 :bufdo[!] {cmd} Execute {cmd} in each buffer in the buffer list. | |
683 It works like doing this: > | |
684 :bfirst | |
685 :{cmd} | |
686 :bnext | |
687 :{cmd} | |
688 etc. | |
689 < When the current file can't be |abandon|ed and the [!] | |
690 is not present, the command fails. | |
691 When an error is detected on one buffer, further | |
692 buffers will not be visited. | |
693 Unlisted buffers are skipped. | |
694 The last buffer (or where an error occurred) becomes | |
695 the current buffer. | |
696 {cmd} can contain '|' to concatenate several commands. | |
697 {cmd} must not delete buffers or add buffers to the | |
698 buffer list. | |
699 Note: While this command is executing, the Syntax | |
700 autocommand event is disabled by adding it to | |
701 'eventignore'. This considerably speeds up editing | |
702 each buffer. | |
703 {not in Vi} {not available when compiled without the | |
704 |+listcmds| feature} | |
685 | 705 Also see |:tabdo|, |:argdo| and |:windo|. |
7 | 706 |
707 Examples: > | |
708 | |
709 :windo set nolist nofoldcolumn | normal zn | |
710 | |
711 This resets the 'list' option and disables folding in all windows. > | |
712 | |
713 :bufdo set fileencoding= | update | |
714 | |
715 This resets the 'fileencoding' in each buffer and writes it if this changed | |
716 the buffer. The result is that all buffers will use the 'encoding' encoding | |
717 (if conversion works properly). | |
718 | |
719 ============================================================================== | |
720 9. Tag or file name under the cursor *window-tag* | |
721 | |
722 *:sta* *:stag* | |
723 :sta[g][!] [tagname] | |
724 Does ":tag[!] [tagname]" and splits the window for the found | |
725 tag. See also |:tag|. | |
726 | |
727 CTRL-W ] *CTRL-W_]* *CTRL-W_CTRL-]* | |
728 CTRL-W CTRL-] Split current window in two. Use identifier under cursor as a | |
729 tag and jump to it in the new upper window. Make new window N | |
730 high. | |
731 | |
732 *CTRL-W_g]* | |
733 CTRL-W g ] Split current window in two. Use identifier under cursor as a | |
734 tag and perform ":tselect" on it in the new upper window. | |
735 Make new window N high. | |
736 | |
737 *CTRL-W_g_CTRL-]* | |
738 CTRL-W g CTRL-] Split current window in two. Use identifier under cursor as a | |
739 tag and perform ":tjump" on it in the new upper window. Make | |
740 new window N high. | |
741 | |
742 CTRL-W f *CTRL-W_f* *CTRL-W_CTRL-F* | |
743 CTRL-W CTRL-F Split current window in two. Edit file name under cursor. | |
820 | 744 Like ":split gf", but window isn't split if the file does not |
7 | 745 exist. |
746 Uses the 'path' variable as a list of directory names where to | |
747 look for the file. Also the path for current file is | |
748 used to search for the file name. | |
749 If the name is a hypertext link that looks like | |
750 "type://machine/path", only "/path" is used. | |
751 If a count is given, the count'th matching file is edited. | |
752 {not available when the |+file_in_path| feature was disabled | |
753 at compile time} | |
754 | |
681 | 755 CTRL-W F *CTRL-W_F* |
756 Split current window in two. Edit file name under cursor and | |
757 jump to the line number following the file name. See |gF| for | |
758 details on how the line number is obtained. | |
839 | 759 {not available when the |+file_in_path| feature was disabled |
760 at compile time} | |
681 | 761 |
820 | 762 CTRL-W gf *CTRL-W_gf* |
763 Open a new tab page and edit the file name under the cursor. | |
764 Like "tab split" and "gf", but the new tab page isn't created | |
765 if the file does not exist. | |
766 {not available when the |+file_in_path| feature was disabled | |
767 at compile time} | |
768 | |
839 | 769 CTRL-W gF *CTRL-W_gF* |
770 Open a new tab page and edit the file name under the cursor | |
771 and jump to the line number following the file name. Like | |
772 "tab split" and "gF", but the new tab page isn't created if | |
773 the file does not exist. | |
774 {not available when the |+file_in_path| feature was disabled | |
775 at compile time} | |
776 | |
7 | 777 Also see |CTRL-W_CTRL-I|: open window for an included file that includes |
778 the keyword under the cursor. | |
779 | |
780 ============================================================================== | |
781 10. The preview window *preview-window* | |
782 | |
783 The preview window is a special window to show (preview) another file. It is | |
784 normally a small window used to show an include file or definition of a | |
785 function. | |
786 {not available when compiled without the |+quickfix| feature} | |
787 | |
731 | 788 There can be only one preview window (per tab page). It is created with one |
789 of the commands below. The 'previewheight' option can be set to specify the | |
790 height of the preview window when it's opened. The 'previewwindow' option is | |
791 set in the preview window to be able to recognize it. The 'winfixheight' | |
792 option is set to have it keep the same height when opening/closing other | |
793 windows. | |
7 | 794 |
795 *:pta* *:ptag* | |
796 :pta[g][!] [tagname] | |
797 Does ":tag[!] [tagname]" and shows the found tag in a | |
798 "Preview" window without changing the current buffer or cursor | |
237 | 799 position. If a "Preview" window already exists, it is re-used |
7 | 800 (like a help window is). If a new one is opened, |
801 'previewheight' is used for the height of the window. See | |
802 also |:tag|. | |
803 See below for an example. |CursorHold-example| | |
804 Small difference from |:tag|: When [tagname] is equal to the | |
805 already displayed tag, the position in the matching tag list | |
806 is not reset. This makes the CursorHold example work after a | |
807 |:ptnext|. | |
808 | |
809 CTRL-W z *CTRL-W_z* | |
810 CTRL-W CTRL-Z *CTRL-W_CTRL-Z* *:pc* *:pclose* | |
811 :pc[lose][!] Close any "Preview" window currently open. When the 'hidden' | |
812 option is set, or when the buffer was changed and the [!] is | |
813 used, the buffer becomes hidden (unless there is another | |
814 window editing it). The command fails if any "Preview" buffer | |
815 cannot be closed. See also |:close|. | |
816 | |
817 *:pp* *:ppop* | |
818 :[count]pp[op][!] | |
819 Does ":[count]pop[!]" in the preview window. See |:pop| and | |
820 |:ptag|. {not in Vi} | |
821 | |
822 CTRL-W } *CTRL-W_}* | |
823 Use identifier under cursor as a tag and perform a :ptag on | |
237 | 824 it. Make the new Preview window (if required) N high. If N is |
7 | 825 not given, 'previewheight' is used. |
826 | |
827 CTRL-W g } *CTRL-W_g}* | |
828 Use identifier under cursor as a tag and perform a :ptjump on | |
237 | 829 it. Make the new Preview window (if required) N high. If N is |
7 | 830 not given, 'previewheight' is used. |
831 | |
832 *:ped* *:pedit* | |
833 :ped[it][!] [++opt] [+cmd] {file} | |
834 Edit {file} in the preview window. The preview window is | |
835 opened like with |:ptag|. The current window and cursor | |
836 position isn't changed. Useful example: > | |
837 :pedit +/fputc /usr/include/stdio.h | |
838 < | |
839 *:ps* *:psearch* | |
840 :[range]ps[earch][!] [count] [/]pattern[/] | |
841 Works like |:ijump| but shows the found match in the preview | |
842 window. The preview window is opened like with |:ptag|. The | |
843 current window and cursor position isn't changed. Useful | |
844 example: > | |
845 :psearch popen | |
846 < Like with the |:ptag| command, you can use this to | |
847 automatically show information about the word under the | |
848 cursor. This is less clever than using |:ptag|, but you don't | |
849 need a tags file and it will also find matches in system | |
850 include files. Example: > | |
851 :au! CursorHold *.[ch] nested exe "silent! psearch " . expand("<cword>") | |
852 < Warning: This can be slow. | |
853 | |
854 Example *CursorHold-example* > | |
855 | |
856 :au! CursorHold *.[ch] nested exe "silent! ptag " . expand("<cword>") | |
857 | |
858 This will cause a ":ptag" to be executed for the keyword under the cursor, | |
859 when the cursor hasn't moved for the time set with 'updatetime'. The "nested" | |
860 makes other autocommands be executed, so that syntax highlighting works in the | |
861 preview window. The "silent!" avoids an error message when the tag could not | |
862 be found. Also see |CursorHold|. To disable this again: > | |
863 | |
864 :au! CursorHold | |
865 | |
866 A nice addition is to highlight the found tag, avoid the ":ptag" when there | |
867 is no word under the cursor, and a few other things: > | |
868 | |
869 :au! CursorHold *.[ch] nested call PreviewWord() | |
870 :func PreviewWord() | |
871 : if &previewwindow " don't do this in the preview window | |
872 : return | |
873 : endif | |
874 : let w = expand("<cword>") " get the word under cursor | |
875 : if w =~ '\a' " if the word contains a letter | |
876 : | |
877 : " Delete any existing highlight before showing another tag | |
878 : silent! wincmd P " jump to preview window | |
879 : if &previewwindow " if we really get there... | |
880 : match none " delete existing highlight | |
881 : wincmd p " back to old window | |
882 : endif | |
883 : | |
884 : " Try displaying a matching tag for the word under the cursor | |
885 : try | |
886 : exe "ptag " . w | |
887 : catch | |
888 : return | |
889 : endtry | |
890 : | |
891 : silent! wincmd P " jump to preview window | |
892 : if &previewwindow " if we really get there... | |
893 : if has("folding") | |
894 : silent! .foldopen " don't want a closed fold | |
895 : endif | |
896 : call search("$", "b") " to end of previous line | |
897 : let w = substitute(w, '\\', '\\\\', "") | |
898 : call search('\<\V' . w . '\>') " position cursor on match | |
899 : " Add a match highlight to the word at this position | |
900 : hi previewWord term=bold ctermbg=green guibg=green | |
901 : exe 'match previewWord "\%' . line(".") . 'l\%' . col(".") . 'c\k*"' | |
902 : wincmd p " back to old window | |
903 : endif | |
904 : endif | |
905 :endfun | |
906 | |
907 ============================================================================== | |
908 11. Using hidden buffers *buffer-hidden* | |
909 | |
910 A hidden buffer is not displayed in a window, but is still loaded into memory. | |
911 This makes it possible to jump from file to file, without the need to read or | |
912 write the file every time you get another buffer in a window. | |
913 {not available when compiled without the |+listcmds| feature} | |
914 | |
915 *:buffer-!* | |
916 If the option 'hidden' ('hid') is set, abandoned buffers are kept for all | |
917 commands that start editing another file: ":edit", ":next", ":tag", etc. The | |
918 commands that move through the buffer list sometimes make the current buffer | |
919 hidden although the 'hidden' option is not set. This happens when a buffer is | |
920 modified, but is forced (with '!') to be removed from a window, and | |
921 'autowrite' is off or the buffer can't be written. | |
922 | |
923 You can make a hidden buffer not hidden by starting to edit it with any | |
924 command. Or by deleting it with the ":bdelete" command. | |
925 | |
926 The 'hidden' is global, it is used for all buffers. The 'bufhidden' option | |
927 can be used to make an exception for a specific buffer. It can take these | |
928 values: | |
929 <empty> Use the value of 'hidden'. | |
930 hide Hide this buffer, also when 'hidden' is not set. | |
931 unload Don't hide but unload this buffer, also when 'hidden' | |
932 is set. | |
933 delete Delete the buffer. | |
934 | |
935 *hidden-quit* | |
936 When you try to quit Vim while there is a hidden, modified buffer, you will | |
937 get an error message and Vim will make that buffer the current buffer. You | |
938 can then decide to write this buffer (":wq") or quit without writing (":q!"). | |
939 Be careful: there may be more hidden, modified buffers! | |
940 | |
941 A buffer can also be unlisted. This means it exists, but it is not in the | |
942 list of buffers. |unlisted-buffer| | |
943 | |
944 | |
945 :files[!] *:files* | |
946 :buffers[!] *:buffers* *:ls* | |
947 :ls[!] Show all buffers. Example: | |
948 | |
3920 | 949 1 #h "/test/text" line 1 ~ |
950 2u "asdf" line 0 ~ | |
951 3 %a + "version.c" line 1 ~ | |
7 | 952 |
953 When the [!] is included the list will show unlisted buffers | |
954 (the term "unlisted" is a bit confusing then...). | |
955 | |
956 Each buffer has a unique number. That number will not change, | |
957 so you can always go to a specific buffer with ":buffer N" or | |
958 "N CTRL-^", where N is the buffer number. | |
959 | |
960 Indicators (chars in the same column are mutually exclusive): | |
961 u an unlisted buffer (only displayed when [!] is used) | |
962 |unlisted-buffer| | |
963 % the buffer in the current window | |
964 # the alternate buffer for ":e #" and CTRL-^ | |
965 a an active buffer: it is loaded and visible | |
966 h a hidden buffer: It is loaded, but currently not | |
967 displayed in a window |hidden-buffer| | |
968 - a buffer with 'modifiable' off | |
969 = a readonly buffer | |
970 + a modified buffer | |
971 x a buffer with read errors | |
972 | |
973 *:bad* *:badd* | |
974 :bad[d] [+lnum] {fname} | |
975 Add file name {fname} to the buffer list, without loading it. | |
976 If "lnum" is specified, the cursor will be positioned at that | |
237 | 977 line when the buffer is first entered. Note that other |
7 | 978 commands after the + will be ignored. |
979 | |
980 :[N]bd[elete][!] *:bd* *:bdel* *:bdelete* *E516* | |
981 :bd[elete][!] [N] | |
982 Unload buffer [N] (default: current buffer) and delete it from | |
983 the buffer list. If the buffer was changed, this fails, | |
984 unless when [!] is specified, in which case changes are lost. | |
985 The file remains unaffected. Any windows for this buffer are | |
986 closed. If buffer [N] is the current buffer, another buffer | |
987 will be displayed instead. This is the most recent entry in | |
988 the jump list that points into a loaded buffer. | |
989 Actually, the buffer isn't completely deleted, it is removed | |
990 from the buffer list |unlisted-buffer| and option values, | |
991 variables and mappings/abbreviations for the buffer are | |
992 cleared. | |
993 | |
994 :bdelete[!] {bufname} *E93* *E94* | |
995 Like ":bdelete[!] [N]", but buffer given by name. Note that a | |
996 buffer whose name is a number cannot be referenced by that | |
997 name; use the buffer number instead. Insert a backslash | |
998 before a space in a buffer name. | |
999 | |
1000 :bdelete[!] N1 N2 ... | |
1001 Do ":bdelete[!]" for buffer N1, N2, etc. The arguments can be | |
1002 buffer numbers or buffer names (but not buffer names that are | |
1003 a number). Insert a backslash before a space in a buffer | |
1004 name. | |
1005 | |
1006 :N,Mbdelete[!] Do ":bdelete[!]" for all buffers in the range N to M | |
1007 |inclusive|. | |
1008 | |
1009 :[N]bw[ipeout][!] *:bw* *:bwipe* *:bwipeout* *E517* | |
1010 :bw[ipeout][!] {bufname} | |
1011 :N,Mbw[ipeout][!] | |
1012 :bw[ipeout][!] N1 N2 ... | |
683 | 1013 Like |:bdelete|, but really delete the buffer. Everything |
1014 related to the buffer is lost. All marks in this buffer | |
1015 become invalid, option settings are lost, etc. Don't use this | |
1016 unless you know what you are doing. | |
7 | 1017 |
1018 :[N]bun[load][!] *:bun* *:bunload* *E515* | |
1019 :bun[load][!] [N] | |
1020 Unload buffer [N] (default: current buffer). The memory | |
1021 allocated for this buffer will be freed. The buffer remains | |
1022 in the buffer list. | |
1023 If the buffer was changed, this fails, unless when [!] is | |
1024 specified, in which case the changes are lost. | |
1025 Any windows for this buffer are closed. If buffer [N] is the | |
1026 current buffer, another buffer will be displayed instead. | |
1027 This is the most recent entry in the jump list that points | |
1028 into a loaded buffer. | |
1029 | |
1030 :bunload[!] {bufname} | |
1031 Like ":bunload[!] [N]", but buffer given by name. Note that a | |
1032 buffer whose name is a number cannot be referenced by that | |
1033 name; use the buffer number instead. Insert a backslash | |
1034 before a space in a buffer name. | |
1035 | |
1036 :N,Mbunload[!] Do ":bunload[!]" for all buffers in the range N to M | |
1037 |inclusive|. | |
1038 | |
1039 :bunload[!] N1 N2 ... | |
1040 Do ":bunload[!]" for buffer N1, N2, etc. The arguments can be | |
1041 buffer numbers or buffer names (but not buffer names that are | |
1042 a number). Insert a backslash before a space in a buffer | |
1043 name. | |
1044 | |
1045 :[N]b[uffer][!] [N] *:b* *:bu* *:buf* *:buffer* *E86* | |
1046 Edit buffer [N] from the buffer list. If [N] is not given, | |
1047 the current buffer remains being edited. See |:buffer-!| for | |
1048 [!]. This will also edit a buffer that is not in the buffer | |
1049 list, without setting the 'buflisted' flag. | |
1050 | |
1622 | 1051 :[N]b[uffer][!] {bufname} |
1052 Edit buffer for {bufname} from the buffer list. See | |
7 | 1053 |:buffer-!| for [!]. This will also edit a buffer that is not |
1054 in the buffer list, without setting the 'buflisted' flag. | |
1055 | |
1056 :[N]sb[uffer] [N] *:sb* *:sbuffer* | |
1057 Split window and edit buffer [N] from the buffer list. If [N] | |
1058 is not given, the current buffer is edited. Respects the | |
1059 "useopen" setting of 'switchbuf' when splitting. This will | |
1060 also edit a buffer that is not in the buffer list, without | |
1061 setting the 'buflisted' flag. | |
1062 | |
1622 | 1063 :[N]sb[uffer] {bufname} |
1064 Split window and edit buffer for {bufname} from the buffer | |
7 | 1065 list. This will also edit a buffer that is not in the buffer |
1066 list, without setting the 'buflisted' flag. | |
648 | 1067 Note: If what you want to do is split the buffer, make a copy |
1068 under another name, you can do it this way: > | |
1069 :w foobar | sp # | |
7 | 1070 |
648 | 1071 :[N]bn[ext][!] [N] *:bn* *:bnext* *E87* |
7 | 1072 Go to [N]th next buffer in buffer list. [N] defaults to one. |
1073 Wraps around the end of the buffer list. | |
1074 See |:buffer-!| for [!]. | |
1075 If you are in a help buffer, this takes you to the next help | |
1076 buffer (if there is one). Similarly, if you are in a normal | |
1077 (non-help) buffer, this takes you to the next normal buffer. | |
1078 This is so that if you have invoked help, it doesn't get in | |
237 | 1079 the way when you're browsing code/text buffers. The next three |
7 | 1080 commands also work like this. |
1081 | |
1082 *:sbn* *:sbnext* | |
1083 :[N]sbn[ext] [N] | |
1084 Split window and go to [N]th next buffer in buffer list. | |
1085 Wraps around the end of the buffer list. Uses 'switchbuf' | |
1086 | |
1087 :[N]bN[ext][!] [N] *:bN* *:bNext* *:bp* *:bprevious* *E88* | |
1088 :[N]bp[revious][!] [N] | |
1089 Go to [N]th previous buffer in buffer list. [N] defaults to | |
1090 one. Wraps around the start of the buffer list. | |
1091 See |:buffer-!| for [!] and 'switchbuf'. | |
1092 | |
1093 :[N]sbN[ext] [N] *:sbN* *:sbNext* *:sbp* *:sbprevious* | |
1094 :[N]sbp[revious] [N] | |
1095 Split window and go to [N]th previous buffer in buffer list. | |
1096 Wraps around the start of the buffer list. | |
1097 Uses 'switchbuf'. | |
1098 | |
1099 *:br* *:brewind* | |
1100 :br[ewind][!] Go to first buffer in buffer list. If the buffer list is | |
1101 empty, go to the first unlisted buffer. | |
1102 See |:buffer-!| for [!]. | |
1103 | |
1104 *:bf* *:bfirst* | |
1105 :bf[irst] Same as ":brewind". | |
1106 | |
1107 *:sbr* *:sbrewind* | |
1108 :sbr[ewind] Split window and go to first buffer in buffer list. If the | |
1109 buffer list is empty, go to the first unlisted buffer. | |
1110 Respects the 'switchbuf' option. | |
1111 | |
1112 *:sbf* *:sbfirst* | |
1113 :sbf[irst] Same as ":sbrewind". | |
1114 | |
1115 *:bl* *:blast* | |
1116 :bl[ast][!] Go to last buffer in buffer list. If the buffer list is | |
1117 empty, go to the last unlisted buffer. | |
1118 See |:buffer-!| for [!]. | |
1119 | |
1120 *:sbl* *:sblast* | |
1121 :sbl[ast] Split window and go to last buffer in buffer list. If the | |
1122 buffer list is empty, go to the last unlisted buffer. | |
1123 Respects 'switchbuf' option. | |
1124 | |
1125 :[N]bm[odified][!] [N] *:bm* *:bmodified* *E84* | |
1126 Go to [N]th next modified buffer. Note: this command also | |
1127 finds unlisted buffers. If there is no modified buffer the | |
1128 command fails. | |
1129 | |
1130 :[N]sbm[odified] [N] *:sbm* *:sbmodified* | |
1131 Split window and go to [N]th next modified buffer. | |
1132 Respects 'switchbuf' option. | |
1133 Note: this command also finds buffers not in the buffer list. | |
1134 | |
1135 :[N]unh[ide] [N] *:unh* *:unhide* *:sun* *:sunhide* | |
1136 :[N]sun[hide] [N] | |
1137 Rearrange the screen to open one window for each loaded buffer | |
1138 in the buffer list. When a count is given, this is the | |
1139 maximum number of windows to open. | |
1140 | |
1141 :[N]ba[ll] [N] *:ba* *:ball* *:sba* *:sball* | |
1142 :[N]sba[ll] [N] Rearrange the screen to open one window for each buffer in | |
1143 the buffer list. When a count is given, this is the maximum | |
1144 number of windows to open. 'winheight' also limits the number | |
1145 of windows opened ('winwidth' if |:vertical| was prepended). | |
1146 Buf/Win Enter/Leave autocommands are not executed for the new | |
1147 windows here, that's only done when they are really entered. | |
1123 | 1148 When the |:tab| modifier is used new windows are opened in a |
699 | 1149 new tab, up to 'tabpagemax'. |
7 | 1150 |
1151 Note: All the commands above that start editing another buffer, keep the | |
1152 'readonly' flag as it was. This differs from the ":edit" command, which sets | |
1153 the 'readonly' flag each time the file is read. | |
1154 | |
1155 ============================================================================== | |
1156 12. Special kinds of buffers *special-buffers* | |
1157 | |
1158 Instead of containing the text of a file, buffers can also be used for other | |
1159 purposes. A few options can be set to change the behavior of a buffer: | |
1160 'bufhidden' what happens when the buffer is no longer displayed | |
1161 in a window. | |
1162 'buftype' what kind of a buffer this is | |
1163 'swapfile' whether the buffer will have a swap file | |
1164 'buflisted' buffer shows up in the buffer list | |
1165 | |
1166 A few useful kinds of a buffer: | |
1167 | |
648 | 1168 quickfix Used to contain the error list or the location list. See |
1169 |:cwindow| and |:lwindow|. This command sets the 'buftype' | |
1170 option to "quickfix". You are not supposed to change this! | |
1171 'swapfile' is off. | |
7 | 1172 |
1173 help Contains a help file. Will only be created with the |:help| | |
1174 command. The flag that indicates a help buffer is internal | |
1175 and can't be changed. The 'buflisted' option will be reset | |
1176 for a help buffer. | |
1177 | |
140 | 1178 directory Displays directory contents. Can be used by a file explorer |
7 | 1179 plugin. The buffer is created with these settings: > |
632 | 1180 :setlocal buftype=nowrite |
1181 :setlocal bufhidden=delete | |
1182 :setlocal noswapfile | |
7 | 1183 < The buffer name is the name of the directory and is adjusted |
1184 when using the |:cd| command. | |
1185 | |
1186 scratch Contains text that can be discarded at any time. It is kept | |
1187 when closing the window, it must be deleted explicitly. | |
1188 Settings: > | |
632 | 1189 :setlocal buftype=nofile |
1190 :setlocal bufhidden=hide | |
1191 :setlocal noswapfile | |
2033
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
1192 < The buffer name can be used to identify the buffer, if you |
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
1193 give it a meaningful name. |
7 | 1194 |
1195 *unlisted-buffer* | |
1196 unlisted The buffer is not in the buffer list. It is not used for | |
1197 normal editing, but to show a help file, remember a file name | |
1198 or marks. The ":bdelete" command will also set this option, | |
1199 thus it doesn't completely delete the buffer. Settings: > | |
632 | 1200 :setlocal nobuflisted |
7 | 1201 < |
1202 | |
1203 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |