Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/cmdline.txt @ 33902:8c4c6369239b
runtime(doc): link cmdline completion to to |wildcards| and fix typos (#13636)
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/61e984e212ed19774e088868c30c2d03c4e5a0cf
Author: zeertzjq <zeertzjq@outlook.com>
Date: Sat Dec 9 15:18:33 2023 +0800
runtime(doc): link cmdline completion to to |wildcards| and fix typos (https://github.com/vim/vim/issues/13636)
The docs for cmdline completion doesn't mention that [abc] is considered
a wildcard, and |wildcards| contains more detailed information, so just
link to it.
Also fix some typos in other help files.
Signed-off-by: zeertzjq <zeertzjq@outlook.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
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date | Sun, 10 Dec 2023 15:16:36 +0100 |
parents | 9503dc55b5ed |
children | 4635e43f2c6f |
rev | line source |
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1 *cmdline.txt* For Vim version 9.0. Last change: 2023 Dec 09 |
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2 |
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3 |
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar |
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5 |
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6 |
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7 *Cmdline-mode* *Command-line-mode* |
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8 Command-line mode *Cmdline* *Command-line* *mode-cmdline* *:* |
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9 |
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10 Command-line mode is used to enter Ex commands (":"), search patterns |
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11 ("/" and "?"), and filter commands ("!"). |
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12 |
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13 Basic command line editing is explained in chapter 20 of the user manual |
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14 |usr_20.txt|. |
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15 |
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16 1. Command-line editing |cmdline-editing| |
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17 2. Command-line completion |cmdline-completion| |
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18 3. Ex command-lines |cmdline-lines| |
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19 4. Ex command-line ranges |cmdline-ranges| |
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20 5. Ex command-line flags |ex-flags| |
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21 6. Ex special characters |cmdline-special| |
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22 7. Command-line window |cmdline-window| |
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23 |
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24 ============================================================================== |
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25 1. Command-line editing *cmdline-editing* |
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26 |
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27 Normally characters are inserted in front of the cursor position. You can |
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28 move around in the command-line with the left and right cursor keys. With the |
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29 <Insert> key, you can toggle between inserting and overstriking characters. |
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30 |
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31 Note that if your keyboard does not have working cursor keys or any of the |
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32 other special keys, you can use ":cnoremap" to define another key for them. |
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33 For example, to define tcsh style editing keys: *tcsh-style* > |
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34 :cnoremap <C-A> <Home> |
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35 :cnoremap <C-F> <Right> |
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36 :cnoremap <C-B> <Left> |
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37 :cnoremap <Esc>b <S-Left> |
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38 :cnoremap <Esc>f <S-Right> |
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39 (<> notation |<>|; type all this literally) |
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40 |
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41 *cmdline-too-long* |
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42 When the command line is getting longer than what fits on the screen, only the |
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43 part that fits will be shown. The cursor can only move in this visible part, |
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44 thus you cannot edit beyond that. |
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45 |
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46 *cmdline-history* *history* |
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47 The command-lines that you enter are remembered in a history table. You can |
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48 recall them with the up and down cursor keys. There are actually five |
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49 history tables: |
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50 - one for ':' commands |
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51 - one for search strings |
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52 - one for expressions |
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53 - one for input lines, typed for the |input()| function. |
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54 - one for debug mode commands |
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55 These are completely separate. Each history can only be accessed when |
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56 entering the same type of line. |
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57 Use the 'history' option to set the number of lines that are remembered |
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58 (default: 50). |
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59 Notes: |
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60 - When you enter a command-line that is exactly the same as an older one, the |
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61 old one is removed (to avoid repeated commands moving older commands out of |
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62 the history). |
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63 - Only commands that are typed are remembered. Ones that completely come from |
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64 mappings are not put in the history. |
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65 - All searches are put in the search history, including the ones that come |
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66 from commands like "*" and "#". But for a mapping, only the last search is |
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67 remembered (to avoid that long mappings trash the history). |
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68 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist| feature} |
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69 |
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70 There is an automatic completion of names on the command-line; see |
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71 |cmdline-completion|. |
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72 |
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73 *c_CTRL-V* |
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74 CTRL-V Insert next non-digit literally. Up to three digits form the |
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75 decimal value of a single byte. The non-digit and the three |
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76 digits are not considered for mapping. This works the same |
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77 way as in Insert mode (see above, |i_CTRL-V|). |
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78 Note: Under MS-Windows CTRL-V is often mapped to paste text. |
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79 Use CTRL-Q instead then. |
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80 When |modifyOtherKeys| is enabled then special Escape sequence |
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81 is converted back to what it was without |modifyOtherKeys|, |
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82 unless the Shift key is also pressed. |
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83 *c_CTRL-Q* |
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84 CTRL-Q Same as CTRL-V. But with some terminals it is used for |
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85 control flow, it doesn't work then. |
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86 |
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87 CTRL-SHIFT-V *c_CTRL-SHIFT-V* *c_CTRL-SHIFT-Q* |
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88 CTRL-SHIFT-Q Works just like CTRL-V, unless |modifyOtherKeys| is active, |
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89 then it inserts the Escape sequence for a key with modifiers. |
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90 In the GUI the |key-notation| is inserted without simplifying. |
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91 |
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92 *c_<Left>* *c_Left* |
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93 <Left> cursor left. See 'wildmenu' for behavior during wildmenu |
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94 completion mode. |
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95 *c_<Right>* *c_Right* |
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96 <Right> cursor right. See 'wildmenu' for behavior during wildmenu |
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97 completion mode. |
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98 *c_<S-Left>* |
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99 <S-Left> or <C-Left> *c_<C-Left>* |
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100 cursor one WORD left |
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101 *c_<S-Right>* |
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102 <S-Right> or <C-Right> *c_<C-Right>* |
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103 cursor one WORD right |
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104 CTRL-B or <Home> *c_CTRL-B* *c_<Home>* *c_Home* |
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105 cursor to beginning of command-line |
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106 CTRL-E or <End> *c_CTRL-E* *c_<End>* *c_End* |
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107 cursor to end of command-line. See 'wildmenu' for behavior |
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108 during wildmenu completion mode. |
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109 |
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110 *c_<LeftMouse>* |
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111 <LeftMouse> Move the cursor to the position of the mouse click. |
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112 |
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113 *c_<MiddleMouse>* |
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114 <MiddleMouse> Paste the contents of the clipboard (for X11 the primary |
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115 selection). This is similar to using CTRL-R *, but no CR |
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116 characters are inserted between lines. |
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117 |
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118 CTRL-H *c_<BS>* *c_CTRL-H* *c_BS* |
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119 <BS> Delete the character in front of the cursor (see |:fixdel| if |
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120 your <BS> key does not do what you want). |
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121 *c_<Del>* *c_Del* |
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122 <Del> Delete the character under the cursor (at end of line: |
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123 character before the cursor) (see |:fixdel| if your <Del> |
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124 key does not do what you want). |
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125 *c_CTRL-W* |
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126 CTRL-W Delete the |word| before the cursor. This depends on the |
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127 'iskeyword' option. |
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128 *c_CTRL-U* |
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129 CTRL-U Remove all characters between the cursor position and |
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130 the beginning of the line. Previous versions of vim |
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131 deleted all characters on the line. If that is the |
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132 preferred behavior, add the following to your .vimrc: > |
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133 :cnoremap <C-U> <C-E><C-U> |
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134 < |
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135 *c_<Insert>* *c_Insert* |
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136 <Insert> Toggle between insert and overstrike. |
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137 |
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138 {char1} <BS> {char2} or *c_digraph* |
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139 CTRL-K {char1} {char2} *c_CTRL-K* |
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140 enter digraph (see |digraphs|). When {char1} is a special |
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141 key, the code for that key is inserted in <> form. |
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142 |
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143 CTRL-R {register} *c_CTRL-R* *c_<C-R>* |
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144 Insert the contents of a numbered or named register. Between |
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145 typing CTRL-R and the second character '"' will be displayed |
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146 to indicate that you are expected to enter the name of a |
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147 register. |
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148 The text is inserted as if you typed it, but mappings and |
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149 abbreviations are not used. Command-line completion through |
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150 'wildchar' is not triggered though. And characters that end |
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151 the command line are inserted literally (<Esc>, <CR>, <NL>, |
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152 <C-C>). A <BS> or CTRL-W could still end the command line |
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153 though, and remaining characters will then be interpreted in |
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154 another mode, which might not be what you intended. |
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155 Special registers: |
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156 '"' the unnamed register, containing the text of |
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157 the last delete or yank |
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158 '%' the current file name |
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159 '#' the alternate file name |
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160 '*' the clipboard contents (X11: primary selection) |
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161 '+' the clipboard contents |
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162 '/' the last search pattern |
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163 ':' the last command-line |
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164 '-' the last small (less than a line) delete |
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165 '.' the last inserted text |
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166 *c_CTRL-R_=* |
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167 '=' the expression register: you are prompted to |
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168 enter an expression (see |expression|) |
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169 (doesn't work at the expression prompt; some |
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170 things such as changing the buffer or current |
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171 window are not allowed to avoid side effects) |
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172 When the result is a |List| the items are used |
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173 as lines. They can have line breaks inside |
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174 too. |
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175 When the result is a Float it's automatically |
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176 converted to a String. |
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177 Note that when you only want to move the |
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178 cursor and not insert anything, you must make |
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179 sure the expression evaluates to an empty |
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180 string. E.g.: > |
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181 <C-R><C-R>=setcmdpos(2)[-1]<CR> |
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182 < See |registers| about registers. |
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183 Implementation detail: When using the |expression| register |
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184 and invoking setcmdpos(), this sets the position before |
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185 inserting the resulting string. Use CTRL-R CTRL-R to set the |
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186 position afterwards. |
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187 |
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188 CTRL-R CTRL-F *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-F* *c_<C-R>_<C-F>* |
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189 CTRL-R CTRL-P *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-P* *c_<C-R>_<C-P>* |
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190 CTRL-R CTRL-W *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-W* *c_<C-R>_<C-W>* |
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191 CTRL-R CTRL-A *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-A* *c_<C-R>_<C-A>* |
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192 CTRL-R CTRL-L *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-L* *c_<C-R>_<C-L>* |
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193 Insert the object under the cursor: |
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194 CTRL-F the Filename under the cursor |
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195 CTRL-P the Filename under the cursor, expanded with |
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196 'path' as in |gf| |
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197 CTRL-W the Word under the cursor |
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198 CTRL-A the WORD under the cursor; see |WORD| |
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199 CTRL-L the line under the cursor |
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200 |
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201 When 'incsearch' is set the cursor position at the end of the |
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202 currently displayed match is used. With CTRL-W the part of |
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203 the word that was already typed is not inserted again. |
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204 |
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205 *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-R* *c_<C-R>_<C-R>* |
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206 *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-O* *c_<C-R>_<C-O>* |
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207 CTRL-R CTRL-R {register CTRL-F CTRL-P CTRL-W CTRL-A CTRL-L} |
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208 CTRL-R CTRL-O {register CTRL-F CTRL-P CTRL-W CTRL-A CTRL-L} |
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209 Insert register or object under the cursor. Works like |
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210 |c_CTRL-R| but inserts the text literally. For example, if |
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211 register a contains "xy^Hz" (where ^H is a backspace), |
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212 "CTRL-R a" will insert "xz" while "CTRL-R CTRL-R a" will |
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213 insert "xy^Hz". |
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214 |
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215 CTRL-\ e {expr} *c_CTRL-\_e* |
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216 Evaluate {expr} and replace the whole command line with the |
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217 result. You will be prompted for the expression, type <Enter> |
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218 to finish it. It's most useful in mappings though. See |
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219 |expression|. |
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220 See |c_CTRL-R_=| for inserting the result of an expression. |
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221 Useful functions are |getcmdtype()|, |getcmdline()| and |
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222 |getcmdpos()|. |
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223 The cursor position is unchanged, except when the cursor was |
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224 at the end of the line, then it stays at the end. |
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225 |setcmdpos()| can be used to set the cursor position. |
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226 The |sandbox| is used for evaluating the expression to avoid |
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227 nasty side effects. |
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228 Example: > |
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229 :cmap <F7> <C-\>eAppendSome()<CR> |
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230 :func AppendSome() |
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231 :let cmd = getcmdline() .. " Some()" |
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232 :" place the cursor on the ) |
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233 :call setcmdpos(strlen(cmd)) |
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234 :return cmd |
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235 :endfunc |
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236 < This doesn't work recursively, thus not when already editing |
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237 an expression. But it is possible to use in a mapping. |
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238 |
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239 *c_CTRL-Y* |
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240 CTRL-Y When there is a modeless selection, copy the selection into |
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241 the clipboard. |modeless-selection| |
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242 If there is no selection CTRL-Y is inserted as a character. |
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243 See 'wildmenu' for behavior during wildmenu completion mode. |
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244 |
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245 CTRL-M or CTRL-J *c_CTRL-M* *c_CTRL-J* *c_<NL>* *c_<CR>* *c_CR* |
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246 <CR> or <NL> start entered command |
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247 |
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248 CTRL-[ *c_CTRL-[* *c_<Esc>* *c_Esc* |
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249 <Esc> When typed and 'x' not present in 'cpoptions', quit |
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250 Command-line mode without executing. In macros or when 'x' |
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251 present in 'cpoptions', start entered command. |
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252 Note: If your <Esc> key is hard to hit on your keyboard, train |
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253 yourself to use CTRL-[. |
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254 *c_CTRL-C* |
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255 CTRL-C quit command-line without executing |
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256 |
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257 *c_<Up>* *c_Up* |
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258 <Up> recall older command-line from history, whose beginning |
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259 matches the current command-line (see below). See 'wildmenu' |
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260 for behavior during wildmenu completion mode. |
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261 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist| |
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262 feature} |
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263 *c_<Down>* *c_Down* |
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264 <Down> recall more recent command-line from history, whose beginning |
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265 matches the current command-line (see below). See 'wildmenu' |
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266 for behavior during wildmenu completion mode. |
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267 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist| |
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268 feature} |
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269 |
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270 *c_<S-Up>* *c_<PageUp>* |
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271 <S-Up> or <PageUp> |
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272 recall older command-line from history |
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273 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist| |
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274 feature} |
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275 *c_<S-Down>* *c_<PageDown>* |
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276 <S-Down> or <PageDown> |
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277 recall more recent command-line from history |
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278 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist| |
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279 feature} |
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280 |
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281 CTRL-D command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|) |
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282 'wildchar' option |
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283 command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|) |
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284 CTRL-N command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|) |
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285 CTRL-P command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|) |
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286 CTRL-A command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|) |
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287 CTRL-L command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|) |
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288 |
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289 *c_CTRL-_* |
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290 CTRL-_ a - switch between Hebrew and English keyboard mode, which is |
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291 private to the command-line and not related to hkmap. |
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292 This is useful when Hebrew text entry is required in the |
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293 command-line, searches, abbreviations, etc. Applies only if |
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294 Vim is compiled with the |+rightleft| feature and the |
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295 'allowrevins' option is set. |
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296 See |rileft.txt|. |
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297 |
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298 b - switch between Farsi and English keyboard mode, which is |
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299 private to the command-line and not related to fkmap. In |
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300 Farsi keyboard mode the characters are inserted in reverse |
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301 insert manner. This is useful when Farsi text entry is |
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302 required in the command-line, searches, abbreviations, etc. |
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303 Applies only if Vim is compiled with the |+farsi| feature. |
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304 See |farsi.txt|. |
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305 |
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306 *c_CTRL-^* |
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307 CTRL-^ Toggle the use of language |:lmap| mappings and/or Input |
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308 Method. |
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309 When typing a pattern for a search command and 'imsearch' is |
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310 not -1, VAL is the value of 'imsearch', otherwise VAL is the |
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311 value of 'iminsert'. |
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312 When language mappings are defined: |
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313 - If VAL is 1 (langmap mappings used) it becomes 0 (no langmap |
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314 mappings used). |
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315 - If VAL was not 1 it becomes 1, thus langmap mappings are |
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316 enabled. |
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317 When no language mappings are defined: |
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318 - If VAL is 2 (Input Method is used) it becomes 0 (no input |
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319 method used) |
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320 - If VAL has another value it becomes 2, thus the Input Method |
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321 is enabled. |
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322 These language mappings are normally used to type characters |
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323 that are different from what the keyboard produces. The |
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324 'keymap' option can be used to install a whole number of them. |
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325 When entering a command line, langmap mappings are switched |
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326 off, since you are expected to type a command. After |
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327 switching it on with CTRL-^, the new state is not used again |
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328 for the next command or Search pattern. |
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329 |
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330 *c_CTRL-]* |
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331 CTRL-] Trigger abbreviation, without inserting a character. |
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332 |
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333 For Emacs-style editing on the command-line see |emacs-keys|. |
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334 |
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335 The <Up> and <Down> keys take the current command-line as a search string. |
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336 The beginning of the next/previous command-lines are compared with this |
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337 string. The first line that matches is the new command-line. When typing |
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338 these two keys repeatedly, the same string is used again. For example, this |
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339 can be used to find the previous substitute command: Type ":s" and then <Up>. |
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340 The same could be done by typing <S-Up> a number of times until the desired |
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341 command-line is shown. (Note: the shifted arrow keys do not work on all |
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342 terminals) |
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343 |
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344 *:his* *:history* |
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345 :his[tory] Print the history of last entered commands. |
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346 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist| |
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347 feature} |
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348 |
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349 :his[tory] [{name}] [{first}][, [{last}]] |
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350 List the contents of history {name} which can be: |
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351 c[md] or : command-line history |
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352 s[earch] or / or ? search string history |
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353 e[xpr] or = expression register history |
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354 i[nput] or @ input line history |
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355 d[ebug] or > debug command history |
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356 a[ll] all of the above |
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357 |
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358 If the numbers {first} and/or {last} are given, the respective |
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359 range of entries from a history is listed. These numbers can |
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360 be specified in the following form: |
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361 *:history-indexing* |
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362 A positive number represents the absolute index of an entry |
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363 as it is given in the first column of a :history listing. |
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364 This number remains fixed even if other entries are deleted. |
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365 (see |E1510|) |
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366 |
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367 A negative number means the relative position of an entry, |
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368 counted from the newest entry (which has index -1) backwards. |
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369 |
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370 Examples: |
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371 List entries 6 to 12 from the search history: > |
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372 :history / 6,12 |
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373 < |
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374 List the penultimate entry from all histories: > |
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375 :history all -2 |
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376 < |
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377 List the most recent two entries from all histories: > |
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378 :history all -2, |
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379 |
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380 :keepp[atterns] {command} *:keepp* *:keeppatterns* |
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381 Execute {command}, without adding anything to the search |
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382 history |
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383 |
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384 ============================================================================== |
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385 2. Command-line completion *cmdline-completion* |
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386 |
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387 When editing the command-line, a few commands can be used to complete the |
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388 word before the cursor. This is available for: |
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389 |
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390 - Command names: At the start of the command-line. |
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391 - |++opt| values. |
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392 - Tags: Only after the ":tag" command. |
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393 - File names: Only after a command that accepts a file name or a setting for |
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394 an option that can be set to a file name. This is called file name |
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395 completion. |
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396 - Shell command names: After ":!cmd", ":r !cmd" and ":w !cmd". $PATH is used. |
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397 - Options: Only after the ":set" command. |
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398 - Mappings: Only after a ":map" or similar command. |
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399 - Variable and function names: Only after a ":if", ":call" or similar command. |
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400 |
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401 The number of help item matches is limited (currently to 300) to avoid a long |
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402 delay when there are very many matches. |
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403 |
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404 These are the commands that can be used: |
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405 |
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406 *c_CTRL-D* |
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407 CTRL-D List names that match the pattern in front of the cursor. |
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408 When showing file names, directories are highlighted (see |
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409 'highlight' option). Names where 'suffixes' matches are moved |
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410 to the end. |
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411 The 'wildoptions' option can be set to "tagfile" to list the |
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412 file of matching tags. |
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413 *c_CTRL-I* *c_wildchar* *c_<Tab>* |
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414 'wildchar' option |
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415 A match is done on the pattern in front of the cursor. The |
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416 match (if there are several, the first match) is inserted |
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417 in place of the pattern. (Note: does not work inside a |
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418 macro, because <Tab> or <Esc> are mostly used as 'wildchar', |
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419 and these have a special meaning in some macros.) When typed |
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420 again and there were multiple matches, the next |
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421 match is inserted. After the last match, the first is used |
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422 again (wrap around). |
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423 The behavior can be changed with the 'wildmode' option. |
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424 *c_<S-Tab>* |
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425 <S-Tab> Like 'wildchar' or <Tab>, but begin with the last match and |
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426 then go to the previous match. |
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427 <S-Tab> does not work everywhere. |
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428 *c_CTRL-N* |
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429 CTRL-N After using 'wildchar' which got multiple matches, go to next |
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430 match. Otherwise recall more recent command-line from history. |
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431 *c_CTRL-P* |
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432 CTRL-P After using 'wildchar' which got multiple matches, go to |
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433 previous match. Otherwise recall older command-line from |
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434 history. |
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435 *c_CTRL-A* |
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436 CTRL-A All names that match the pattern in front of the cursor are |
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437 inserted. |
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438 *c_CTRL-L* |
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439 CTRL-L A match is done on the pattern in front of the cursor. If |
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440 there is one match, it is inserted in place of the pattern. |
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441 If there are multiple matches the longest common part is |
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442 inserted in place of the pattern. If the result is shorter |
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443 than the pattern, no completion is done. |
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444 */_CTRL-L* |
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445 When 'incsearch' is set, entering a search pattern for "/" or |
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446 "?" and the current match is displayed then CTRL-L will add |
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447 one character from the end of the current match. If |
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448 'ignorecase' and 'smartcase' are set and the command line has |
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449 no uppercase characters, the added character is converted to |
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450 lowercase. |
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451 *c_CTRL-G* */_CTRL-G* |
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452 CTRL-G When 'incsearch' is set, entering a search pattern for "/" or |
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453 "?" and the current match is displayed then CTRL-G will move |
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454 to the next match (does not take |search-offset| into account) |
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455 Use CTRL-T to move to the previous match. Hint: on a regular |
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456 keyboard T is above G. |
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457 *c_CTRL-T* */_CTRL-T* |
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458 CTRL-T When 'incsearch' is set, entering a search pattern for "/" or |
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459 "?" and the current match is displayed then CTRL-T will move |
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460 to the previous match (does not take |search-offset| into |
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461 account). |
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462 Use CTRL-G to move to the next match. Hint: on a regular |
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463 keyboard T is above G. |
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464 |
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465 The 'wildchar' option defaults to <Tab> (CTRL-E when in Vi compatible mode; in |
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466 a previous version <Esc> was used). In the pattern standard |wildcards| are |
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467 accepted when matching file names. |
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468 |
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469 When repeating 'wildchar' or CTRL-N you cycle through the matches, eventually |
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470 ending up back to what was typed. If the first match is not what you wanted, |
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471 you can use <S-Tab> or CTRL-P to go straight back to what you typed. |
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472 |
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473 The 'wildmenu' option can be set to show the matches just above the command |
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474 line. |
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475 |
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476 The 'wildoptions' option provides additional configuration to use a popup menu |
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477 for 'wildmenu', and to use fuzzy matching. |
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478 |
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479 The 'wildignorecase' option can be set to ignore case in filenames. For |
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480 completing other texts (e.g. command names), the 'ignorecase' option is used |
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481 instead (fuzzy matching always ignores case, however). |
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482 |
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483 If you like tcsh's autolist completion, you can use this mapping: |
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484 :cnoremap X <C-L><C-D> |
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485 (Where X is the command key to use, <C-L> is CTRL-L and <C-D> is CTRL-D) |
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486 This will find the longest match and then list all matching files. |
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487 |
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488 If you like tcsh's autolist completion, you can use the 'wildmode' option to |
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489 emulate it. For example, this mimics autolist=ambiguous: |
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490 :set wildmode=longest,list |
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491 This will find the longest match with the first 'wildchar', then list all |
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492 matching files with the next. |
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493 |
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494 *complete-script-local-functions* |
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495 When completing user function names, prepend "s:" to find script-local |
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496 functions. |
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497 |
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498 *suffixes* |
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499 For file name completion you can use the 'suffixes' option to set a priority |
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500 between files with almost the same name. If there are multiple matches, |
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501 those files with an extension that is in the 'suffixes' option are ignored. |
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502 The default is ".bak,~,.o,.h,.info,.swp,.obj", which means that files ending |
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503 in ".bak", "~", ".o", ".h", ".info", ".swp" and ".obj" are sometimes ignored. |
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504 |
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505 An empty entry, two consecutive commas, match a file name that does not |
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506 contain a ".", thus has no suffix. This is useful to ignore "prog" and prefer |
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507 "prog.c". |
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508 |
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509 Examples: |
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510 |
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511 pattern: files: match: ~ |
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512 test* test.c test.h test.o test.c |
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513 test* test.h test.o test.h and test.o |
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514 test* test.i test.h test.c test.i and test.c |
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515 |
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516 It is impossible to ignore suffixes with two dots. |
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517 |
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518 If there is more than one matching file (after ignoring the ones matching |
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519 the 'suffixes' option) the first file name is inserted. You can see that |
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520 there is only one match when you type 'wildchar' twice and the completed |
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521 match stays the same. You can get to the other matches by entering |
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522 'wildchar', CTRL-N or CTRL-P. All files are included, also the ones with |
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523 extensions matching the 'suffixes' option. |
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524 |
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525 To completely ignore files with some extension use 'wildignore'. |
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526 |
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527 To match only files that end at the end of the typed text append a "$". For |
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528 example, to match only files that end in ".c": > |
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529 :e *.c$ |
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530 This will not match a file ending in ".cpp". Without the "$" it does match. |
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|
531 |
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532 If you would like using <S-Tab> for CTRL-P in an xterm, put this command in |
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533 your .cshrc: > |
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534 xmodmap -e "keysym Tab = Tab Find" |
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535 And this in your .vimrc: > |
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536 :cmap <Esc>[1~ <C-P> |
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537 < *complete-set-option* |
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538 When setting an option using |:set=|, the old value of an option can be |
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539 obtained by hitting 'wildchar' just after the '='. For example, typing |
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|
540 'wildchar' after ":set dir=" will insert the current value of 'dir'. This |
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541 overrules file name completion for the options that take a file name. |
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542 |
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543 When using |:set=|, |:set+=|, or |:set^=|, string options that have |
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544 pre-defined names or syntax (e.g. 'diffopt', 'listchars') or are a list of |
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545 single-character flags (e.g. 'shortmess') will also present a list of possible |
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546 values for completion when using 'wildchar'. |
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547 |
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548 When using |:set-=|, comma-separated options like 'diffopt' or 'backupdir' |
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549 will show each item separately. Flag list options like 'shortmess' will show |
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550 both the entire old value and the individual flags. Otherwise completion will |
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551 just fill in with the entire old value. |
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552 |
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553 ============================================================================== |
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554 3. Ex command-lines *cmdline-lines* |
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555 |
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556 The Ex commands have a few specialties: |
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557 |
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558 *:quote* *:comment* |
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559 '"' at the start of a line causes the whole line to be ignored. '"' |
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560 after a command causes the rest of the line to be ignored. This can be used |
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561 to add comments. Example: > |
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562 :set ai "set 'autoindent' option |
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563 It is not possible to add a comment to a shell command ":!cmd" or to the |
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564 ":map" command and a few others (mainly commands that expect expressions) |
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565 that see the '"' as part of their argument: |
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566 |
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567 :argdo |
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568 :autocmd |
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569 :bufdo |
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570 :cexpr (and the like) |
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571 :cdo (and the like) |
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572 :command |
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573 :cscope (and the like) |
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574 :debug |
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575 :display |
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576 :echo (and the like) |
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577 :elseif |
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578 :execute |
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579 :folddoopen |
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580 :folddoclosed |
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581 :for |
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582 :grep (and the like) |
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583 :help (and the like) |
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584 :if |
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|
585 :let |
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586 :make |
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587 :map (and the like including :abbrev commands) |
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588 :menu (and the like) |
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589 :mkspell |
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590 :normal |
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591 :ownsyntax |
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592 :popup |
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593 :promptfind (and the like) |
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594 :registers |
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|
595 :return |
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|
596 :sort |
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|
597 :syntax |
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|
598 :tabdo |
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599 :tearoff |
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600 :vimgrep (and the like) |
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601 :while |
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602 :windo |
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603 |
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604 *:bar* *:\bar* |
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|
605 '|' can be used to separate commands, so you can give multiple commands in one |
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606 line. If you want to use '|' in an argument, precede it with '\'. |
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607 |
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608 These commands see the '|' as their argument, and can therefore not be |
695b50472e85
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609 followed by another Vim command: |
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|
610 :argdo |
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|
611 :autocmd |
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diff
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|
612 :bufdo |
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diff
changeset
|
613 :cdo |
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diff
changeset
|
614 :cfdo |
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|
615 :command |
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|
616 :cscope |
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617 :debug |
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618 :eval |
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619 :folddoopen |
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620 :folddoclosed |
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621 :function |
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622 :global |
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623 :help |
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624 :helpfind |
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|
625 :helpgrep |
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626 :lcscope |
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627 :ldo |
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628 :lfdo |
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629 :lhelpgrep |
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630 :make |
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631 :normal |
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|
632 :perl |
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|
633 :perldo |
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|
634 :promptfind |
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|
635 :promptrepl |
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|
636 :pyfile |
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637 :python |
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638 :registers |
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|
639 :read ! |
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|
640 :scscope |
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|
641 :sign |
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|
642 :tabdo |
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|
643 :tcl |
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|
644 :tcldo |
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|
645 :tclfile |
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|
646 :terminal |
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647 :vglobal |
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648 :windo |
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649 :write ! |
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650 :[range]! |
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651 a user defined command without the "-bar" argument |:command| |
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652 |
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653 Note that this is confusing (inherited from Vi): With ":g" the '|' is included |
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|
654 in the command, with ":s" it is not. |
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|
655 |
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656 To be able to use another command anyway, use the ":execute" command. |
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657 Example (append the output of "ls" and jump to the first line): > |
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658 :execute 'r !ls' | '[ |
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659 |
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660 There is one exception: When the 'b' flag is present in 'cpoptions', with the |
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661 ":map" and ":abbr" commands and friends CTRL-V needs to be used instead of |
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662 '\'. You can also use "<Bar>" instead. See also |map_bar|. |
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663 |
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664 Examples: > |
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665 :!ls | wc view the output of two commands |
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666 :r !ls | wc insert the same output in the text |
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667 :%g/foo/p|> moves all matching lines one shiftwidth |
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668 :%s/foo/bar/|> moves one line one shiftwidth |
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669 :map q 10^V| map "q" to "10|" |
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670 :map q 10\| map \ l map "q" to "10\" and map "\" to "l" |
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671 (when 'b' is present in 'cpoptions') |
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672 |
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673 You can also use <NL> to separate commands in the same way as with '|'. To |
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674 insert a <NL> use CTRL-V CTRL-J. "^@" will be shown. Using '|' is the |
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675 preferred method. But for external commands a <NL> must be used, because a |
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676 '|' is included in the external command. To avoid the special meaning of <NL> |
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677 it must be preceded with a backslash. Example: > |
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678 :r !date<NL>-join |
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679 This reads the current date into the file and joins it with the previous line. |
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680 |
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681 Note that when the command before the '|' generates an error, the following |
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682 commands will not be executed. |
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683 |
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684 |
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685 Because of Vi compatibility the following strange commands are supported: > |
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686 :| print current line (like ":p") |
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687 :3| print line 3 (like ":3p") |
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688 :3 goto line 3 |
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689 |
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690 A colon is allowed between the range and the command name. It is ignored |
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691 (this is Vi compatible). For example: > |
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692 :1,$:s/pat/string |
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693 |
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694 When the character '%' or '#' is used where a file name is expected, they are |
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695 expanded to the current and alternate file name (see the chapter "editing |
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696 files" |:_%| |:_#|). |
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697 |
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698 Embedded spaces in file names are allowed on the Amiga if one file name is |
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|
699 expected as argument. Trailing spaces will be ignored, unless escaped with a |
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700 backslash or CTRL-V. Note that the ":next" command uses spaces to separate |
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701 file names. Escape the spaces to include them in a file name. Example: > |
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702 :next foo\ bar goes\ to school\ |
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703 starts editing the three files "foo bar", "goes to" and "school ". |
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704 |
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705 When you want to use the special characters '"' or '|' in a command, or want |
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706 to use '%' or '#' in a file name, precede them with a backslash. The |
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|
707 backslash is not required in a range and in the ":substitute" command. |
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|
708 See also |`=|. |
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|
709 |
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|
710 *:_!* |
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711 The '!' (bang) character after an Ex command makes the command behave in a |
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712 different way. The '!' should be placed immediately after the command, without |
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713 any blanks in between. If you insert blanks the '!' will be seen as an |
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|
714 argument for the command, which has a different meaning. For example: |
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715 :w! name write the current buffer to file "name", overwriting |
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716 any existing file |
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717 :w !name send the current buffer as standard input to command |
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718 "name" |
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|
719 |
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|
720 ============================================================================== |
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|
721 4. Ex command-line ranges *cmdline-ranges* *[range]* *E16* |
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722 |
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723 Some Ex commands accept a line range in front of them. This is noted as |
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|
724 [range]. It consists of one or more line specifiers, separated with ',' or |
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725 ';'. |
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|
726 |
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|
727 The basics are explained in section |10.3| of the user manual. |
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|
728 |
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|
729 In |Vim9| script a range needs to be prefixed with a colon to avoid ambiguity |
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730 with continuation lines. For example, "+" can be used for a range but is also |
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|
731 a continuation of an expression: > |
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|
732 var result = start |
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|
733 + print |
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|
734 If the "+" is a range then it must be prefixed with a colon: > |
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|
735 var result = start |
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|
736 :+ print |
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|
737 < |
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|
738 *:,* *:;* |
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|
739 When separated with ';' the cursor position will be set to that line |
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740 before interpreting the next line specifier. This doesn't happen for ','. |
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|
741 Examples: > |
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|
742 4,/this line/ |
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|
743 < from line 4 till match with "this line" after the cursor line. > |
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|
744 5;/that line/ |
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|
745 < from line 5 till match with "that line" after line 5. |
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|
746 |
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|
747 The default line specifier for most commands is the cursor position, but the |
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748 commands ":write" and ":global" have the whole file (1,$) as default. |
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|
749 |
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750 If more line specifiers are given than required for the command, the first |
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|
751 one(s) will be ignored. |
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|
752 |
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|
753 Line numbers may be specified with: *:range* *{address}* |
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|
754 {number} an absolute line number *E1247* |
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|
755 . the current line *:.* |
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|
756 $ the last line in the file *:$* |
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|
757 % equal to 1,$ (the entire file) *:%* |
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|
758 't position of mark t (lowercase) *:'* |
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|
759 'T position of mark T (uppercase); when the mark is in |
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|
760 another file it cannot be used in a range |
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|
761 /{pattern}[/] the next line where {pattern} matches *:/* |
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|
762 also see |:range-pattern| below |
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763 ?{pattern}[?] the previous line where {pattern} matches *:?* |
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|
764 also see |:range-pattern| below |
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|
765 \/ the next line where the previously used search |
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|
766 pattern matches |
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|
767 \? the previous line where the previously used search |
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|
768 pattern matches |
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|
769 \& the next line where the previously used substitute |
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|
770 pattern matches |
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|
771 |
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|
772 *:range-offset* |
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|
773 Each may be followed (several times) by '+' or '-' and an optional number. |
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|
774 This number is added or subtracted from the preceding line number. If the |
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775 number is omitted, 1 is used. If there is nothing before the '+' or '-' then |
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|
776 the current line is used. |
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|
777 *:range-closed-fold* |
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|
778 When a line number after the comma is in a closed fold it is adjusted to the |
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|
779 last line of the fold, thus the whole fold is included. |
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780 |
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781 When a number is added this is done after the adjustment to the last line of |
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782 the fold. This means these lines are additionally included in the range. For |
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|
783 example: > |
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784 :3,4+2print |
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|
785 On this text: |
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|
786 1 one ~ |
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|
787 2 two ~ |
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|
788 3 three ~ |
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|
789 4 four FOLDED ~ |
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|
790 5 five FOLDED ~ |
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791 6 six ~ |
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792 7 seven ~ |
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793 8 eight ~ |
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794 Where lines four and five are a closed fold, ends up printing lines 3 to 7. |
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|
795 The 7 comes from the "4" in the range, which is adjusted to the end of the |
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796 closed fold, which is 5, and then the offset 2 is added. |
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|
797 |
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|
798 An example for subtracting (which isn't very useful): > |
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|
799 :2,4-1print |
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|
800 On this text: |
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801 1 one ~ |
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802 2 two ~ |
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803 3 three FOLDED ~ |
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804 4 four FOLDED ~ |
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805 5 five FOLDED ~ |
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806 6 six FOLDED ~ |
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807 7 seven ~ |
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808 8 eight ~ |
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809 Where lines three to six are a closed fold, ends up printing lines 2 to 6. |
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810 The 6 comes from the "4" in the range, which is adjusted to the end of the |
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811 closed fold, which is 6, and then 1 is subtracted, then this is still in the |
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812 closed fold and the last line of that fold is used, which is 6. |
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813 |
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814 *:range-pattern* |
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815 The "/" and "?" after {pattern} are required to separate the pattern from |
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816 anything that follows. |
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817 |
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818 The "/" and "?" may be preceded with another address. The search starts from |
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819 there. The difference from using ';' is that the cursor isn't moved. |
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820 Examples: > |
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821 /pat1//pat2/ Find line containing "pat2" after line containing |
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822 "pat1", without moving the cursor. |
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823 7;/pat2/ Find line containing "pat2", after line 7, leaving |
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824 the cursor in line 7. |
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825 |
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826 The {number} must be between 0 and the number of lines in the file. When |
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827 using a 0 (zero) this is interpreted as a 1 by most commands. Commands that |
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828 use it as a count do use it as a zero (|:tag|, |:pop|, etc). Some commands |
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829 interpret the zero as "before the first line" (|:read|, search pattern, etc). |
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830 |
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831 Examples: > |
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832 .+3 three lines below the cursor |
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833 /that/+1 the line below the next line containing "that" |
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834 .,$ from current line until end of file |
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835 0;/that the first line containing "that", also matches in the |
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836 first line. |
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837 1;/that the first line after line 1 containing "that" |
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838 |
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839 Some commands allow for a count after the command. This count is used as the |
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840 number of lines to be used, starting with the line given in the last line |
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841 specifier (the default is the cursor line). The commands that accept a count |
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842 are the ones that use a range but do not have a file name argument (because |
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843 a file name can also be a number). The count cannot be negative. |
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844 |
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845 Examples: > |
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846 :s/x/X/g 5 substitute 'x' by 'X' in the current line and four |
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847 following lines |
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848 :23d 4 delete lines 23, 24, 25 and 26 |
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849 |
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850 |
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851 Folds and Range |
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852 |
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853 When folds are active the line numbers are rounded off to include the whole |
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854 closed fold. See |fold-behavior|. |
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855 |
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856 |
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857 Reverse Range *E493* |
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858 |
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859 A range should have the lower line number first. If this is not the case, Vim |
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860 will ask you if it should swap the line numbers. |
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861 Backwards range given, OK to swap ~ |
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862 This is not done within the global command ":g". |
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863 |
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864 You can use ":silent" before a command to avoid the question, the range will |
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865 always be swapped then. |
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866 |
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867 |
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868 Count and Range *N:* |
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869 |
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870 When giving a count before entering ":", this is translated into: > |
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871 :.,.+(count - 1) |
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872 In words: The "count" lines at and after the cursor. Example: To delete |
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873 three lines: > |
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874 3:d<CR> is translated into: .,.+2d<CR> |
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875 < |
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876 |
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877 Visual Mode and Range |
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878 *v_:* |
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879 {Visual}: Starts a command-line with the Visual selected lines as a |
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880 range. The code `:'<,'>` is used for this range, which makes |
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881 it possible to select a similar line from the command-line |
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882 history for repeating a command on different Visually selected |
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883 lines. |
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884 |
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885 :* *:star* *:star-visual-range* |
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886 When Visual mode was already ended, a short way to use the |
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887 Visual area for a range is `:*`. This requires that "*" does |
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888 not appear in 'cpo', see |cpo-star|. Otherwise you will have |
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889 to type `:'<,'>` |
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890 For when "*" is in 'cpo' see |:star-compatible|. |
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891 |
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892 ============================================================================== |
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893 5. Ex command-line flags *ex-flags* |
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894 |
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895 These flags are supported by a selection of Ex commands. They print the line |
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896 that the cursor ends up after executing the command: |
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897 |
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898 l output like for |:list| |
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899 # add line number |
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900 p output like for |:print| |
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901 |
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902 The flags can be combined, thus "l#" uses both a line number and |:list| style |
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903 output. |
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904 |
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905 ============================================================================== |
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906 6. Ex special characters *cmdline-special* |
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907 |
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908 Note: These are special characters in the executed command line. If you want |
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909 to insert special things while typing you can use the CTRL-R command. For |
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910 example, "%" stands for the current file name, while CTRL-R % inserts the |
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911 current file name right away. See |c_CTRL-R|. |
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912 |
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913 Note: If you want to avoid the effects of special characters in a Vim script |
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914 you may want to use |fnameescape()|. Also see |`=|. |
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915 |
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916 |
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917 In Ex commands, at places where a file name can be used, the following |
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918 characters have a special meaning. These can also be used in the expression |
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919 function |expand()|. |
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920 % Is replaced with the current file name. *:_%* *c_%* |
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921 # Is replaced with the alternate file name. *:_#* *c_#* |
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922 This is remembered for every window. |
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923 #n (where n is a number) is replaced with *:_#0* *:_#n* |
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924 the file name of buffer n. "#0" is the same as "#". *c_#n* |
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925 ## Is replaced with all names in the argument list *:_##* *c_##* |
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926 concatenated, separated by spaces. Each space in a name |
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927 is preceded with a backslash. |
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928 #<n (where n is a number > 0) is replaced with old *:_#<* *c_#<* |
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929 file name n. See |:oldfiles| or |v:oldfiles| to get the |
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930 number. *E809* |
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931 {only when compiled with the |+eval| and |+viminfo| features} |
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932 In |Vim9-script| # is used to start a comment, use %% for the alternate file |
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933 name: |
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934 % Is replaced with the current file name. |
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935 %% Is replaced with the alternate file name. *:_%%* *c_%%* |
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936 %%n (where n is a number) is replaced with *:_%%0* *:_%%n* |
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937 the file name of buffer n. "%%0" is the same as "%%". *c_%%n* |
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938 %%% Is replaced with all names in the argument *:_%%%* *c_%%%#* |
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|
939 list concatenated, separated by spaces. |
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940 %%<n (where n is a number > 0) is replaced with old *:_%%<* *c_%%<* |
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|
941 file name n. |
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|
942 |
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943 Note that these, except "#<n", give the file name as it was typed. If an |
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944 absolute path is needed (when using the file name from a different directory), |
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|
945 you need to add ":p". See |filename-modifiers|. |
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|
946 |
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|
947 The "#<n" item returns an absolute path, but it will start with "~/" for files |
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948 below your home directory. |
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949 |
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950 Note that backslashes are inserted before spaces, so that the command will |
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|
951 correctly interpret the file name. But this doesn't happen for shell |
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|
952 commands. For those you probably have to use quotes (this fails for files |
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|
953 that contain a quote and wildcards): > |
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954 :!ls "%" |
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|
955 :r !spell "%" |
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956 |
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|
957 To avoid the special meaning of '%' and '#' insert a backslash before it. |
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958 Detail: The special meaning is always escaped when there is a backslash before |
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|
959 it, no matter how many backslashes. |
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|
960 you type: result ~ |
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961 # alternate.file |
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|
962 \# # |
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|
963 \\# \# |
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964 Also see |`=|. |
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965 |
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966 *E499* *E500* |
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967 Note: these are typed literally, they are not special keys! |
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968 *:<cword>* *<cword>* |
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969 <cword> is replaced with the word under the cursor (like |star|) |
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970 *:<cWORD>* *<cWORD>* |
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971 <cWORD> is replaced with the WORD under the cursor (see |WORD|) |
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972 *:<cexpr>* *<cexpr>* |
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973 <cexpr> is replaced with the word under the cursor, including more |
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974 to form a C expression. E.g., when the cursor is on "arg" |
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975 of "ptr->arg" then the result is "ptr->arg"; when the |
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976 cursor is on "]" of "list[idx]" then the result is |
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977 "list[idx]". This is used for |v:beval_text|. |
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978 *:<cfile>* *<cfile>* |
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979 <cfile> is replaced with the path name under the cursor (like what |
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980 |gf| uses) |
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981 *:<afile>* *<afile>* |
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982 <afile> When executing autocommands, is replaced with the file name |
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983 of the buffer being manipulated, or the file for a read or |
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984 write. *E495* |
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985 *:<abuf>* *<abuf>* |
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986 <abuf> When executing autocommands, is replaced with the currently |
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987 effective buffer number. It is not set for all events, |
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988 also see |bufnr()|. For ":r file" and ":so file" it is the |
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989 current buffer, the file being read/sourced is not in a |
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990 buffer. *E496* |
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991 *:<amatch>* *<amatch>* |
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992 <amatch> When executing autocommands, is replaced with the match for |
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993 which this autocommand was executed. *E497* |
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994 It differs from <afile> when the file name isn't used to |
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995 match with (for FileType, Syntax and SpellFileMissing |
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996 events). |
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997 When the match is with a file name, it is expanded to the |
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998 full path. |
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999 *:<sfile>* *<sfile>* |
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1000 <sfile> When executing a `:source` command, is replaced with the |
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1001 file name of the sourced file. *E498* |
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1002 When executing a legacy function, is replaced with the call |
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1003 stack, as with <stack> (this is for backwards |
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1004 compatibility, using <stack> or <script> is preferred). |
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1005 In Vim9 script using <sfile> in a function gives error |
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1006 *E1245* . |
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1007 Note that filename-modifiers are useless when <sfile> is |
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1008 not used inside a script. |
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1009 *:<stack>* *<stack>* |
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1010 <stack> is replaced with the call stack, using |
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1011 "function {function-name}[{lnum}]" for a function line |
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1012 and "script {file-name}[{lnum}]" for a script line, and |
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1013 ".." in between items. E.g.: |
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1014 "function {function-name1}[{lnum}]..{function-name2}[{lnum}]" |
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1015 If there is no call stack you get error *E489* . |
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1016 *:<script>* *<script>* |
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1017 <script> When executing a `:source` command, is replaced with the file |
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1018 name of the sourced file. When executing a function, is |
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1019 replaced with the file name of the script where it is |
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1020 defined. |
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1021 If the file name cannot be determined you get error *E1274* . |
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1022 *:<slnum>* *<slnum>* |
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1023 <slnum> When executing a `:source` command, is replaced with the |
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1024 line number. *E842* |
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1025 When executing a function it's the line number relative to |
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1026 the start of the function. |
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1027 *:<sflnum>* *<sflnum>* |
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1028 <sflnum> When executing a script, is replaced with the line number. |
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1029 It differs from <slnum> in that <sflnum> is replaced with |
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1030 the script line number in any situation. *E961* |
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1031 *:<client>* *<client>* |
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1032 <client> is replaced with the {clinetid} of the last received |
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1033 message in |server2client()| |
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1034 |
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1035 *filename-modifiers* |
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1036 *:_%:* *::8* *::p* *::.* *::~* *::h* *::t* *::r* *::e* *::s* *::gs* *::S* |
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1037 *%:8* *%:p* *%:.* *%:~* *%:h* *%:t* *%:r* *%:e* *%:s* *%:gs* *%:S* |
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1038 The file name modifiers can be used after "%", "#", "#n", "<cfile>", "<sfile>", |
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1039 "<afile>" or "<abuf>". They are also used with the |fnamemodify()| function. |
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1040 |
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1041 These modifiers can be given, in this order: |
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1042 :p Make file name a full path. Must be the first modifier. Also |
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1043 changes "~/" (and "~user/" for Unix and VMS) to the path for |
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1044 the home directory. If the name is a directory a path |
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1045 separator is added at the end. For a file name that does not |
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1046 exist and does not have an absolute path the result is |
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1047 unpredictable. On MS-Windows an 8.3 filename is expanded to |
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1048 the long name. |
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1049 :8 Converts the path to 8.3 short format (currently only on |
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1050 MS-Windows). Will act on as much of a path that is an |
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1051 existing path. |
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1052 :~ Reduce file name to be relative to the home directory, if |
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1053 possible. File name is unmodified if it is not below the home |
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1054 directory. |
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1055 :. Reduce file name to be relative to current directory, if |
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1056 possible. File name is unmodified if it is not below the |
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1057 current directory. |
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1058 For maximum shortness, use ":~:.". |
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1059 :h Head of the file name (the last component and any separators |
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1060 removed). Cannot be used with :e, :r or :t. |
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1061 Can be repeated to remove several components at the end. |
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1062 When the file name ends in a path separator, only the path |
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1063 separator is removed. Thus ":p:h" on a directory name results |
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1064 on the directory name itself (without trailing slash). |
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1065 When the file name is an absolute path (starts with "/" for |
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1066 Unix; "x:\" for Win32; "drive:" for Amiga), that part is not |
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1067 removed. When there is no head (path is relative to current |
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1068 directory) the result is empty. |
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1069 :t Tail of the file name (last component of the name). Must |
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|
1070 precede any :r or :e. |
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1071 :r Root of the file name (the last extension removed). When |
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1072 there is only an extension (file name that starts with '.', |
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1073 e.g., ".vimrc"), it is not removed. Can be repeated to remove |
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1074 several extensions (last one first). |
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1075 :e Extension of the file name. Only makes sense when used alone. |
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1076 When there is no extension the result is empty. |
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1077 When there is only an extension (file name that starts with |
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1078 '.'), the result is empty. Can be repeated to include more |
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1079 extensions. If there are not enough extensions (but at least |
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1080 one) as much as possible are included. |
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1081 :s?pat?sub? |
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1082 Substitute the first occurrence of "pat" with "sub". This |
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1083 works like the |:s| command. "pat" is a regular expression. |
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1084 Any character can be used for '?', but it must not occur in |
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1085 "pat" or "sub". |
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1086 After this, the previous modifiers can be used again. For |
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1087 example ":p", to make a full path after the substitution. |
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1088 :gs?pat?sub? |
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1089 Substitute all occurrences of "pat" with "sub". Otherwise |
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1090 this works like ":s". |
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1091 :S Escape special characters for use with a shell command (see |
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1092 |shellescape()|). Must be the last one. Examples: > |
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1093 :!dir <cfile>:S |
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1094 :call system('chmod +w -- ' . expand('%:S')) |
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1095 |
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1096 Examples, when the file name is "src/version.c", current dir |
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1097 "/home/mool/vim": > |
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1098 :p /home/mool/vim/src/version.c |
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1099 :p:. src/version.c |
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1100 :p:~ ~/vim/src/version.c |
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1101 :h src |
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1102 :p:h /home/mool/vim/src |
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1103 :p:h:h /home/mool/vim |
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1104 :t version.c |
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1105 :p:t version.c |
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1106 :r src/version |
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1107 :p:r /home/mool/vim/src/version |
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1108 :t:r version |
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1109 :e c |
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1110 :s?version?main? src/main.c |
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1111 :s?version?main?:p /home/mool/vim/src/main.c |
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1112 :p:gs?/?\\? \home\mool\vim\src\version.c |
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1113 |
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1114 Examples, when the file name is "src/version.c.gz": > |
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1115 :p /home/mool/vim/src/version.c.gz |
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1116 :e gz |
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1117 :e:e c.gz |
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1118 :e:e:e c.gz |
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1119 :e:e:r c |
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1120 :r src/version.c |
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1121 :r:e c |
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1122 :r:r src/version |
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1123 :r:r:r src/version |
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1124 < |
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1125 *extension-removal* *:_%<* |
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1126 If a "<" is appended to "%", "#", "#n" or "CTRL-V p" the extension of the file |
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1127 name is removed (everything after and including the last '.' in the file |
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1128 name). This is included for backwards compatibility with version 3.0, the |
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1129 ":r" form is preferred. Examples: > |
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1130 |
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1131 % current file name |
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1132 %< current file name without extension |
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1133 # alternate file name for current window |
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1134 #< idem, without extension |
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1135 #31 alternate file number 31 |
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1136 #31< idem, without extension |
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1137 <cword> word under the cursor |
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1138 <cWORD> WORD under the cursor (see |WORD|) |
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1139 <cfile> path name under the cursor |
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1140 <cfile>< idem, without extension |
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1141 |
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1142 Note: Where a file name is expected wildcards expansion is done. On Unix the |
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1143 shell is used for this, unless it can be done internally (for speed). |
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1144 Unless in |restricted-mode|, backticks work also, like in > |
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1145 :n `echo *.c` |
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1146 But expansion is only done if there are any wildcards before expanding the |
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1147 '%', '#', etc.. This avoids expanding wildcards inside a file name. If you |
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1148 want to expand the result of <cfile>, add a wildcard character to it. |
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1149 Examples: (alternate file name is "?readme?") |
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1150 command expands to ~ |
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1151 :e # :e ?readme? |
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1152 :e `ls #` :e {files matching "?readme?"} |
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1153 :e #.* :e {files matching "?readme?.*"} |
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1154 :cd <cfile> :cd {file name under cursor} |
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1155 :cd <cfile>* :cd {file name under cursor plus "*" and then expanded} |
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1156 Also see |`=|. |
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1157 |
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1158 When the expanded argument contains a "!" and it is used for a shell command |
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1159 (":!cmd", ":r !cmd" or ":w !cmd"), the "!" is escaped with a backslash to |
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1160 avoid it being expanded into a previously used command. When the 'shell' |
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1161 option contains "sh", this is done twice, to avoid the shell trying to expand |
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1162 the "!". |
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1163 |
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1164 *filename-backslash* |
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1165 For filesystems that use a backslash as directory separator (MS-Windows), it's |
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1166 a bit difficult to recognize a backslash that is used to escape the special |
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1167 meaning of the next character. The general rule is: If the backslash is |
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1168 followed by a normal file name character, it does not have a special meaning. |
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1169 Therefore "\file\foo" is a valid file name, you don't have to type the |
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1170 backslash twice. |
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1171 |
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1172 An exception is the '$' sign. It is a valid character in a file name. But |
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1173 to avoid a file name like "$home" to be interpreted as an environment variable, |
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1174 it needs to be preceded by a backslash. Therefore you need to use "/\$home" |
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1175 for the file "$home" in the root directory. A few examples: |
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1176 |
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1177 FILE NAME INTERPRETED AS ~ |
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1178 $home expanded to value of environment var $home |
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1179 \$home file "$home" in current directory |
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1180 /\$home file "$home" in root directory |
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1181 \\$home file "\\", followed by expanded $home |
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1182 |
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1183 Also see |`=|. |
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1184 |
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1185 ============================================================================== |
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1186 7. Command-line window *cmdline-window* *cmdwin* |
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1187 *command-line-window* |
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1188 In the command-line window the command line can be edited just like editing |
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1189 text in any window. It is a special kind of window, because you cannot leave |
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1190 it in a normal way. |
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1191 |
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1192 |
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1193 OPEN *c_CTRL-F* *q:* *q/* *q?* |
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1194 |
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1195 There are two ways to open the command-line window: |
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1196 1. From Command-line mode, use the key specified with the 'cedit' option. |
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1197 The default is CTRL-F when 'compatible' is not set. |
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1198 2. From Normal mode, use the "q:", "q/" or "q?" command. |
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1199 This starts editing an Ex command-line ("q:") or search string ("q/" or |
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1200 "q?"). Note that this is not possible while recording is in progress (the |
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1201 "q" stops recording then). |
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1202 |
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1203 When the window opens it is filled with the command-line history. The last |
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1204 line contains the command as typed so far. The left column will show a |
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1205 character that indicates the type of command-line being edited, see |
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1206 |cmdwin-char|. |
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1207 |
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1208 Vim will be in Normal mode when the editor is opened, except when 'insertmode' |
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1209 is set. |
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1210 *E1292* |
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1211 Once a command-line window is open it is not possible to open another one. |
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1212 |
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1213 The height of the window is specified with 'cmdwinheight' (or smaller if there |
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1214 is no room). The window is always full width and is positioned just above the |
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1215 command-line. |
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1216 |
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1217 |
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1218 EDIT |
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1219 |
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1220 You can now use commands to move around and edit the text in the window. Both |
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1221 in Normal mode and Insert mode. |
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1222 |
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1223 It is possible to use ":", "/" and other commands that use the command-line, |
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1224 but it's not possible to open another command-line window then. There is no |
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1225 nesting. |
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1226 *E11* *E1188* |
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1227 The command-line window is not a normal window. It is not possible to move to |
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1228 another window or edit another buffer. All commands that would do this are |
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1229 disabled in the command-line window. Of course it _is_ possible to execute |
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1230 any command that you entered in the command-line window. Other text edits are |
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1231 discarded when closing the window. |
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1232 |
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1233 |
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1234 CLOSE *E199* |
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1235 |
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1236 There are several ways to leave the command-line window: |
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1237 |
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1238 <CR> Execute the command-line under the cursor. Works both in |
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1239 Insert and in Normal mode. |
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1240 CTRL-C Continue in Command-line mode. The command-line under the |
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1241 cursor is used as the command-line. Works both in Insert and |
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1242 in Normal mode. There is no redraw, thus the window will |
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1243 remain visible. |
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1244 :quit Discard the command line and go back to Normal mode. |
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1245 ":close", CTRL-W c, ":exit", ":xit" and CTRL-\ CTRL-N also |
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1246 work. |
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1247 :qall Quit Vim, unless there are changes in some buffer. |
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1248 :qall! Quit Vim, discarding changes to any buffer. |
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1249 |
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1250 Once the command-line window is closed the old window sizes are restored. The |
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1251 executed command applies to the window and buffer where the command-line was |
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1252 started from. This works as if the command-line window was not there, except |
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1253 that there will be an extra screen redraw. |
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1254 The buffer used for the command-line window is deleted. Any changes to lines |
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1255 other than the one that is executed with <CR> are lost. |
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1256 |
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1257 If you would like to execute the command under the cursor and then have the |
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1258 command-line window open again, you may find this mapping useful: > |
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1259 |
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1260 :autocmd CmdwinEnter * map <buffer> <F5> <CR>q: |
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1261 |
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1262 |
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1263 VARIOUS |
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1264 |
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1265 The command-line window cannot be used: |
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1266 - when there already is a command-line window (no nesting) |
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1267 - for entering an encryption key or when using inputsecret() |
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1268 |
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1269 Some options are set when the command-line window is opened: |
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1270 'filetype' "vim", when editing an Ex command-line; this starts Vim syntax |
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1271 highlighting if it was enabled |
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1272 'rightleft' off |
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1273 'modifiable' on |
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1274 'buftype' "nofile" |
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1275 'swapfile' off |
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1276 |
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1277 It is allowed to write the buffer contents to a file. This is an easy way to |
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1278 save the command-line history and read it back later. |
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1279 |
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1280 If the 'wildchar' option is set to <Tab>, and the command-line window is used |
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1281 for an Ex command, then two mappings will be added to use <Tab> for completion |
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1282 in the command-line window, like this: > |
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1283 :inoremap <buffer> <Tab> <C-X><C-V> |
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1284 :nnoremap <buffer> <Tab> a<C-X><C-V> |
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1285 Note that hitting <Tab> in Normal mode will do completion on the next |
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1286 character. That way it works at the end of the line. |
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1287 If you don't want these mappings, disable them with: > |
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1288 au CmdwinEnter [:>] iunmap <Tab> |
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1289 au CmdwinEnter [:>] nunmap <Tab> |
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1290 You could put these lines in your vimrc file. |
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1291 |
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1292 While in the command-line window you cannot use the mouse to put the cursor in |
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1293 another window, or drag statuslines of other windows. You can drag the |
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1294 statusline of the command-line window itself and the statusline above it. |
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1295 Thus you can resize the command-line window, but not others. |
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1296 |
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1297 The |getcmdwintype()| function returns the type of the command-line being |
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1298 edited as described in |cmdwin-char|. |
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1299 |
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1300 |
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1301 AUTOCOMMANDS |
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1302 |
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1303 Two autocommand events are used: |CmdwinEnter| and |CmdwinLeave|. You can use |
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1304 the Cmdwin events to do settings specifically for the command-line window. |
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1305 Be careful not to cause side effects! |
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1306 Example: > |
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1307 :au CmdwinEnter : let b:cpt_save = &cpt | set cpt=. |
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1308 :au CmdwinLeave : let &cpt = b:cpt_save |
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1309 This sets 'complete' to use completion in the current window for |i_CTRL-N|. |
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1310 Another example: > |
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1311 :au CmdwinEnter [/?] startinsert |
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1312 This will make Vim start in Insert mode in the command-line window. |
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1313 |
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1314 *cmdwin-char* |
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1315 The character used for the pattern indicates the type of command-line: |
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1316 : normal Ex command |
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1317 > debug mode command |debug-mode| |
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1318 / forward search string |
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1319 ? backward search string |
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1320 = expression for "= |expr-register| |
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1321 @ string for |input()| |
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1322 - text for |:insert| or |:append| |
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1323 |
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1324 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |