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1 *scroll.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2005 Feb 10
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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6
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7 Scrolling *scrolling*
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8
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9 These commands move the contents of the window. If the cursor position is
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10 moved off of the window, the cursor is moved onto the window (with
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11 'scrolloff' screen lines around it). A page is the number of lines in the
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12 window minus two. The mnemonics for these commands may be a bit confusing.
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13 Remember that the commands refer to moving the window (the part of the buffer
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14 that you see) upwards or downwards in the buffer. When the window moves
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15 upwards in the buffer, the text in the window moves downwards on your screen.
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16
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17 See section |03.7| of the user manual for an introduction.
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18
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19 1. Scrolling downwards |scroll-down|
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20 2. Scrolling upwards |scroll-up|
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21 3. Scrolling relative to cursor |scroll-cursor|
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22 4. Scrolling horizontally |scroll-horizontal|
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23 5. Scrolling synchronously |scroll-binding|
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24 6. Scrolling with a mouse wheel |scroll-mouse-wheel|
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25
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26 ==============================================================================
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27 1. Scrolling downwards *scroll-down*
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28
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29 The following commands move the edit window (the part of the buffer that you
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30 see) downwards (this means that more lines downwards in the text buffer can be
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31 seen):
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32
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33 *CTRL-E*
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34 CTRL-E Scroll window [count] lines downwards in the buffer.
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35 Mnemonic: Extra lines.
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36
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37 *CTRL-D*
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38 CTRL-D Scroll window Downwards in the buffer. The number of
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39 lines comes from the 'scroll' option (default: half a
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40 screen). If [count] given, first set 'scroll' option
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41 to [count]. The cursor is moved the same number of
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42 lines down in the file (if possible; when lines wrap
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43 and when hitting the end of the file there may be a
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44 difference). When the cursor is on the last line of
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45 the buffer nothing happens and a beep is produced.
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46 See also 'startofline' option.
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47 {difference from vi: Vim scrolls 'scroll' screen
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48 lines, instead of file lines; makes a difference when
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49 lines wrap}
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50
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51 <S-Down> or *<S-Down>* *<kPageDown>*
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52 <PageDown> or *<PageDown>* *CTRL-F*
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53 CTRL-F Scroll window [count] pages Forwards (downwards) in
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54 the buffer. See also 'startofline' option.
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55 When there is only one window the 'window' option
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56 might be used.
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57
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58 *z+*
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59 z+ Without [count]: Redraw with the line just below the
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60 window at the top of the window. Put the cursor in
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61 that line, at the first non-blank in the line.
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62 With [count]: just like "z<CR>".
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63
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64 ==============================================================================
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65 2. Scrolling upwards *scroll-up*
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66
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67 The following commands move the edit window (the part of the buffer that you
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68 see) upwards (this means that more lines upwards in the text buffer can be
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69 seen):
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70
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71 *CTRL-Y*
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72 CTRL-Y Scroll window [count] lines upwards in the buffer.
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73 Note: When using the MS-Windows key bindings CTRL-Y is
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74 remapped to redo.
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75
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76 *CTRL-U*
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77 CTRL-U Scroll window Upwards in the buffer. The number of
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78 lines comes from the 'scroll' option (default: half a
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79 screen). If [count] given, first set the 'scroll'
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80 option to [count]. The cursor is moved the same
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81 number of lines up in the file (if possible; when
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82 lines wrap and when hitting the end of the file there
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83 may be a difference). When the cursor is on the first
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84 line of the buffer nothing happens and a beep is
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85 produced. See also 'startofline' option.
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86 {difference from vi: Vim scrolls 'scroll' screen
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87 lines, instead of file lines; makes a difference when
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88 lines wrap}
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89
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90 <S-Up> or *<S-Up>* *<kPageUp>*
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91 <PageUp> or *<PageUp>* *CTRL-B*
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92 CTRL-B Scroll window [count] pages Backwards (upwards) in the
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93 buffer. See also 'startofline' option.
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94 When there is only one window the 'window' option
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95 might be used.
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96
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97 *z^*
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98 z^ Without [count]: Redraw with the line just above the
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99 window at the bottom of the window. Put the cursor in
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100 that line, at the first non-blank in the line.
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101 With [count]: First scroll the text to put the [count]
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102 line at the bottom of the window, then redraw with the
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103 line which is now at the top of the window at the
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104 bottom of the window. Put the cursor in that line, at
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105 the first non-blank in the line.
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106
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107 ==============================================================================
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108 3. Scrolling relative to cursor *scroll-cursor*
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109
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110 The following commands reposition the edit window (the part of the buffer that
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111 you see) while keeping the cursor on the same line:
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112
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113 *z<CR>*
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114 z<CR> Redraw, line [count] at top of window (default
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115 cursor line). Put cursor at first non-blank in the
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116 line.
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117
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118 *zt*
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119 zt Like "z<CR>", but leave the cursor in the same
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120 column. {not in Vi}
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121
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122 *zN<CR>*
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123 z{height}<CR> Redraw, make window {height} lines tall. This is
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124 useful to make the number of lines small when screen
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125 updating is very slow. Cannot make the height more
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126 than the physical screen height.
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127
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128 *z.*
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129 z. Redraw, line [count] at center of window (default
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130 cursor line). Put cursor at first non-blank in the
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131 line.
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132
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133 *zz*
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134 zz Like "z.", but leave the cursor in the same column.
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135 Careful: If caps-lock is on, this commands becomes
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136 "ZZ": write buffer and exit! {not in Vi}
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137
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138 *z-*
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139 z- Redraw, line [count] at bottom of window (default
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140 cursor line). Put cursor at first non-blank in the
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141 line.
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142
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143 *zb*
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144 zb Like "z-", but leave the cursor in the same column.
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145 {not in Vi}
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146
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147 ==============================================================================
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148 4. Scrolling horizontally *scroll-horizontal*
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149
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150 For the following four commands the cursor follows the screen. If the
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151 character that the cursor is on is moved off the screen, the cursor is moved
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152 to the closest character that is on the screen. The value of 'sidescroll' is
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153 not used.
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154
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155 z<Right> or *zl* *z<Right>*
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156 zl Scroll the screen [count] characters to the left.
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157 This only works when 'wrap' is off. {not in Vi}
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158
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159 z<Left> or *zh* *z<Left>*
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160 zh Scroll the screen [count] characters to the right.
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161 This only works when 'wrap' is off. {not in Vi}
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162
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163 *zL*
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164 zL Scroll the screen half a screenwidth to the left.
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165 This only works when 'wrap' is off. {not in Vi}
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166
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167 *zH*
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168 zH Scroll the screen half a screenwidth to the right.
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169 This only works when 'wrap' is off. {not in Vi}
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170
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171 For the following two commands the cursor is not moved in the text, only the
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172 text scrolls on the screen.
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173
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174 *zs*
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175 zs Scroll the screen horizontally to position the cursor
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176 at the start (left side) of the screen. This only
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177 works when 'wrap' is off. {not in Vi}
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178
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179 *ze*
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180 ze Scroll the screen horizontally to position the cursor
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181 at the end (right side) of the screen. This only
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182 works when 'wrap' is off. {not in Vi}
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183
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184 ==============================================================================
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185 5. Scrolling synchronously *scroll-binding*
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186
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187 Occasionally, it is desirable to bind two or more windows together such that
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188 when one window is scrolled, the other windows are scrolled also. In Vim,
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189 windows can be given this behavior by setting the (window-specific)
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190 'scrollbind' option. When a window that has 'scrollbind' set is scrolled, all
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191 other 'scrollbind' windows are scrolled the same amount, if possible. The
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192 behavior of 'scrollbind' can be modified by the 'scrollopt' option.
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193
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194 When using the scrollbars, the binding only happens when scrolling the window
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195 with focus (where the cursor is). You can use this to avoid scroll-binding
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196 for a moment without resetting options.
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197
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198 When a window also has the 'diff' option set, the scroll-binding uses the
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199 differences between the two buffers to synchronize the position precisely.
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200 Otherwise the following method is used.
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201
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202 *scrollbind-relative*
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203 Each 'scrollbind' window keeps track of its "relative offset," which can be
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204 thought of as the difference between the current window's vertical scroll
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205 position and the other window's vertical scroll position. When one of the
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206 'scrollbind' windows is asked to vertically scroll past the beginning or end
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207 limit of its text, the window no longer scrolls, but remembers how far past
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208 the limit it wishes to be. The window keeps this information so that it can
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209 maintain the same relative offset, regardless of its being asked to scroll
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210 past its buffer's limits.
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211
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212 However, if a 'scrollbind' window that has a relative offset that is past its
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213 buffer's limits is given the cursor focus, the other 'scrollbind' windows must
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214 jump to a location where the current window's relative offset is valid. This
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215 behavior can be changed by clearing the 'jump' flag from the 'scrollopt'
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216 option.
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217
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218 *syncbind* *:syncbind*
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219 :syncbind Force all 'scrollbind' windows to have the same
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220 relative offset. I.e., when any of the 'scrollbind'
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221 windows is scrolled to the top of its buffer, all of
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222 the 'scrollbind' windows will also be at the top of
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223 their buffers.
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224
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225 *scrollbind-quickadj*
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226 The 'scrollbind' flag is meaningful when using keyboard commands to vertically
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227 scroll a window, and also meaningful when using the vertical scrollbar of the
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228 window which has the cursor focus. However, when using the vertical scrollbar
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229 of a window which doesn't have the cursor focus, 'scrollbind' is ignored.
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230 This allows quick adjustment of the relative offset of 'scrollbind' windows.
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231
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232 ==============================================================================
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233 6. Scrolling with a mouse wheel *scroll-mouse-wheel*
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234
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235 When your mouse has a scroll wheel, it should work with Vim in the GUI. How
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236 it works depends on your system. It might also work in an xterm
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237 |xterm-mouse-wheel|.
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238
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239 For the Win32 GUI the scroll action is hard coded. It works just like
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240 dragging the scrollbar of the current window. How many lines are scrolled
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241 depends on your mouse driver. If the scroll action causes input focus
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242 problems, see |intellimouse-wheel-problems|.
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243
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244 For the X11 GUIs (Motif, Athena and GTK) scrolling the wheel generates key
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245 presses <MouseDown> and <MouseUp>. The default action for these keys are:
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246 <MouseDown> scroll three lines down. *<MouseDown>*
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247 <S-MouseDown> scroll a full page down. *<S-MouseDown>*
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248 <C-MouseDown> scroll a full page down. *<C-MouseDown>*
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249 <MouseUp> scroll three lines up. *<MouseUp>*
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250 <S-MouseUp> scroll a full page up. *<S-MouseUp>*
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251 <C-MouseUp> scroll a full page up. *<C-MouseUp>*
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252 This should work in all modes, except when editing the command line.
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253
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254 Note that <MouseDown> is used for scrolling the text down, this happens when
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255 you turn the mouse wheel up!
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256
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257 You can modify this behavior by mapping the keys. For example, to make the
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258 scroll wheel move one line or half a page in Normal mode: >
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259 :map <MouseDown> <C-Y>
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260 :map <S-MouseDown> <C-U>
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261 :map <MouseUp> <C-E>
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262 :map <S-MouseUp> <C-D>
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263 You can also use Alt and Ctrl modifiers.
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264
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265 This only works when Vim gets the scroll wheel events, of course. You can
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266 check if this works with the "xev" program.
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267
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268 When using Xfree86, the /etc/XF86Config file should have the correct entry for
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269 your mouse. For FreeBSD, this entry works for a Logitech scrollmouse: >
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270 Protocol "MouseMan"
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271 Device "/dev/psm0"
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272 ZAxisMapping 4 5
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273 See the Xfree86 documentation for information.
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274
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275 *xterm-mouse-wheel*
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276 To use the mouse wheel in a new xterm you only have to make the scroll wheel
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277 work in your Xserver, as mentioned above.
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278
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279 To use the mouse wheel in an older xterm you must do this:
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280 1. Make it work in your Xserver, as mentioned above.
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281 2. Add translations for the xterm, so that the xterm will pass a scroll event
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282 to Vim as an escape sequence.
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283 3. Add mappings in Vim, to interpret the escape sequences as <MouseUp> or
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284 <MouseDown> keys.
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285
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286 You can do the translations by adding this to your ~.Xdefaults file (or other
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287 file where your X resources are kept): >
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288
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289 XTerm*VT100.Translations: #override \n\
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290 s<Btn4Down>: string("0x9b") string("[64~") \n\
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291 s<Btn5Down>: string("0x9b") string("[65~") \n\
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292 <Btn4Down>: string("0x9b") string("[62~") \n\
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293 <Btn5Down>: string("0x9b") string("[63~") \n\
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294 <Btn4Up>: \n\
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295 <Btn5Up>:
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296
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297 Add these mappings to your vimrc file: >
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298 :map <M-Esc>[62~ <MouseDown>
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299 :map! <M-Esc>[62~ <MouseDown>
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300 :map <M-Esc>[63~ <MouseUp>
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301 :map! <M-Esc>[63~ <MouseUp>
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302 :map <M-Esc>[64~ <S-MouseDown>
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303 :map! <M-Esc>[64~ <S-MouseDown>
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304 :map <M-Esc>[65~ <S-MouseUp>
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305 :map! <M-Esc>[65~ <S-MouseUp>
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306 <
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307 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
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