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annotate runtime/doc/usr_26.txt @ 12065:78404a915726
Added tag v8.0.0912 for changeset 407a475c67fda21dfaf4f789f07bd08a27890ddd
| author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
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| date | Sat, 12 Aug 2017 14:45:04 +0200 |
| parents | 9f48eab77d62 |
| children | 1174611ad715 |
| rev | line source |
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/bb76f24af2010943387ce696a7092175b4ecccf2
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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1 *usr_26.txt* For Vim version 8.0. Last change: 2006 Apr 24 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 4 | |
| 5 Repeating | |
| 6 | |
| 7 | |
| 8 An editing task is hardly ever unstructured. A change often needs to be made | |
| 9 several times. In this chapter a number of useful ways to repeat a change | |
| 10 will be explained. | |
| 11 | |
| 12 |26.1| Repeating with Visual mode | |
| 13 |26.2| Add and subtract | |
| 14 |26.3| Making a change in many files | |
| 15 |26.4| Using Vim from a shell script | |
| 16 | |
| 17 Next chapter: |usr_27.txt| Search commands and patterns | |
| 18 Previous chapter: |usr_25.txt| Editing formatted text | |
| 19 Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt| | |
| 20 | |
| 21 ============================================================================== | |
| 22 *26.1* Repeating with Visual mode | |
| 23 | |
| 24 Visual mode is very handy for making a change in any sequence of lines. You | |
| 25 can see the highlighted text, thus you can check if the correct lines are | |
| 26 changed. But making the selection takes some typing. The "gv" command | |
| 27 selects the same area again. This allows you to do another operation on the | |
| 28 same text. | |
| 29 Suppose you have some lines where you want to change "2001" to "2002" and | |
| 30 "2000" to "2001": | |
| 31 | |
| 32 The financial results for 2001 are better ~ | |
| 33 than for 2000. The income increased by 50%, ~ | |
| 34 even though 2001 had more rain than 2000. ~ | |
| 35 2000 2001 ~ | |
| 36 income 45,403 66,234 ~ | |
| 37 | |
| 38 First change "2001" to "2002". Select the lines in Visual mode, and use: > | |
| 39 | |
| 40 :s/2001/2002/g | |
| 41 | |
| 42 Now use "gv" to reselect the same text. It doesn't matter where the cursor | |
| 43 is. Then use ":s/2000/2001/g" to make the second change. | |
| 44 Obviously, you can repeat these changes several times. | |
| 45 | |
| 46 ============================================================================== | |
| 47 *26.2* Add and subtract | |
| 48 | |
| 49 When repeating the change of one number into another, you often have a fixed | |
| 50 offset. In the example above, one was added to each year. Instead of typing | |
| 51 a substitute command for each year that appears, the CTRL-A command can be | |
| 52 used. | |
| 53 Using the same text as above, search for a year: > | |
| 54 | |
| 55 /19[0-9][0-9]\|20[0-9][0-9] | |
| 56 | |
| 57 Now press CTRL-A. The year will be increased by one: | |
| 58 | |
| 59 The financial results for 2002 are better ~ | |
| 60 than for 2000. The income increased by 50%, ~ | |
| 61 even though 2001 had more rain than 2000. ~ | |
| 62 2000 2001 ~ | |
| 63 income 45,403 66,234 ~ | |
| 64 | |
| 65 Use "n" to find the next year, and press "." to repeat the CTRL-A ("." is a | |
| 66 bit quicker to type). Repeat "n" and "." for all years that appear. | |
| 67 Hint: set the 'hlsearch' option to see the matches you are going to change, | |
| 68 then you can look ahead and do it faster. | |
| 69 | |
| 70 Adding more than one can be done by prepending the number to CTRL-A. Suppose | |
| 71 you have this list: | |
| 72 | |
| 73 1. item four ~ | |
| 74 2. item five ~ | |
| 75 3. item six ~ | |
| 76 | |
| 77 Move the cursor to "1." and type: > | |
| 78 | |
| 79 3 CTRL-A | |
| 80 | |
| 81 The "1." will change to "4.". Again, you can use "." to repeat this on the | |
| 82 other numbers. | |
| 83 | |
| 84 Another example: | |
| 85 | |
| 86 006 foo bar ~ | |
| 87 007 foo bar ~ | |
| 88 | |
| 89 Using CTRL-A on these numbers results in: | |
| 90 | |
| 91 007 foo bar ~ | |
| 92 010 foo bar ~ | |
| 93 | |
| 94 7 plus one is 10? What happened here is that Vim recognized "007" as an octal | |
| 95 number, because there is a leading zero. This notation is often used in C | |
| 96 programs. If you do not want a number with leading zeros to be handled as | |
| 97 octal, use this: > | |
| 98 | |
| 99 :set nrformats-=octal | |
| 100 | |
| 101 The CTRL-X command does subtraction in a similar way. | |
| 102 | |
| 103 ============================================================================== | |
| 104 *26.3* Making a change in many files | |
| 105 | |
| 106 Suppose you have a variable called "x_cnt" and you want to change it to | |
| 107 "x_counter". This variable is used in several of your C files. You need to | |
| 108 change it in all files. This is how you do it. | |
| 109 Put all the relevant files in the argument list: > | |
| 110 | |
| 111 :args *.c | |
| 112 < | |
| 113 This finds all C files and edits the first one. Now you can perform a | |
| 114 substitution command on all these files: > | |
| 115 | |
| 116 :argdo %s/\<x_cnt\>/x_counter/ge | update | |
| 117 | |
| 118 The ":argdo" command takes an argument that is another command. That command | |
| 119 will be executed on all files in the argument list. | |
| 120 The "%s" substitute command that follows works on all lines. It finds the | |
| 121 word "x_cnt" with "\<x_cnt\>". The "\<" and "\>" are used to match the whole | |
| 122 word only, and not "px_cnt" or "x_cnt2". | |
| 123 The flags for the substitute command include "g" to replace all occurrences | |
| 124 of "x_cnt" in the same line. The "e" flag is used to avoid an error message | |
| 125 when "x_cnt" does not appear in the file. Otherwise ":argdo" would abort on | |
| 126 the first file where "x_cnt" was not found. | |
| 127 The "|" separates two commands. The following "update" command writes the | |
| 128 file only if it was changed. If no "x_cnt" was changed to "x_counter" nothing | |
| 129 happens. | |
| 130 | |
| 131 There is also the ":windo" command, which executes its argument in all | |
| 132 windows. And ":bufdo" executes its argument on all buffers. Be careful with | |
| 133 this, because you might have more files in the buffer list than you think. | |
| 134 Check this with the ":buffers" command (or ":ls"). | |
| 135 | |
| 136 ============================================================================== | |
| 137 *26.4* Using Vim from a shell script | |
| 138 | |
| 139 Suppose you have a lot of files in which you need to change the string | |
| 140 "-person-" to "Jones" and then print it. How do you do that? One way is to | |
| 141 do a lot of typing. The other is to write a shell script to do the work. | |
| 142 The Vim editor does a superb job as a screen-oriented editor when using | |
| 143 Normal mode commands. For batch processing, however, Normal mode commands do | |
| 144 not result in clear, commented command files; so here you will use Ex mode | |
| 145 instead. This mode gives you a nice command-line interface that makes it easy | |
| 146 to put into a batch file. ("Ex command" is just another name for a | |
| 147 command-line (:) command.) | |
| 148 The Ex mode commands you need are as follows: > | |
| 149 | |
| 150 %s/-person-/Jones/g | |
| 151 write tempfile | |
| 152 quit | |
| 153 | |
| 154 You put these commands in the file "change.vim". Now to run the editor in | |
| 155 batch mode, use this shell script: > | |
| 156 | |
| 157 for file in *.txt; do | |
| 158 vim -e -s $file < change.vim | |
| 159 lpr -r tempfile | |
| 160 done | |
| 161 | |
| 162 The for-done loop is a shell construct to repeat the two lines in between, | |
| 163 while the $file variable is set to a different file name each time. | |
| 164 The second line runs the Vim editor in Ex mode (-e argument) on the file | |
| 165 $file and reads commands from the file "change.vim". The -s argument tells | |
| 166 Vim to operate in silent mode. In other words, do not keep outputting the | |
| 167 :prompt, or any other prompt for that matter. | |
| 168 The "lpr -r tempfile" command prints the resulting "tempfile" and deletes | |
| 169 it (that's what the -r argument does). | |
| 170 | |
| 171 | |
| 172 READING FROM STDIN | |
| 173 | |
| 174 Vim can read text on standard input. Since the normal way is to read commands | |
| 175 there, you must tell Vim to read text instead. This is done by passing the | |
| 176 "-" argument in place of a file. Example: > | |
| 177 | |
| 178 ls | vim - | |
| 179 | |
| 180 This allows you to edit the output of the "ls" command, without first saving | |
| 181 the text in a file. | |
| 182 If you use the standard input to read text from, you can use the "-S" | |
| 183 argument to read a script: > | |
| 184 | |
| 185 producer | vim -S change.vim - | |
| 186 | |
| 187 | |
| 188 NORMAL MODE SCRIPTS | |
| 189 | |
| 190 If you really want to use Normal mode commands in a script, you can use it | |
| 191 like this: > | |
| 192 | |
| 193 vim -s script file.txt ... | |
| 194 < | |
| 195 Note: | |
| 196 "-s" has a different meaning when it is used without "-e". Here it | |
| 197 means to source the "script" as Normal mode commands. When used with | |
| 198 "-e" it means to be silent, and doesn't use the next argument as a | |
| 199 file name. | |
| 200 | |
| 201 The commands in "script" are executed like you typed them. Don't forget that | |
| 202 a line break is interpreted as pressing <Enter>. In Normal mode that moves | |
| 203 the cursor to the next line. | |
| 204 To create the script you can edit the script file and type the commands. | |
| 205 You need to imagine what the result would be, which can be a bit difficult. | |
| 206 Another way is to record the commands while you perform them manually. This | |
| 207 is how you do that: > | |
| 208 | |
| 209 vim -w script file.txt ... | |
| 210 | |
| 211 All typed keys will be written to "script". If you make a small mistake you | |
| 212 can just continue and remember to edit the script later. | |
| 213 The "-w" argument appends to an existing script. That is good when you | |
| 214 want to record the script bit by bit. If you want to start from scratch and | |
| 215 start all over, use the "-W" argument. It overwrites any existing file. | |
| 216 | |
| 217 ============================================================================== | |
| 218 | |
| 219 Next chapter: |usr_27.txt| Search commands and patterns | |
| 220 | |
| 221 Copyright: see |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |