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+*usr_26.txt*	For Vim version 7.0aa.  Last change: 2002 Oct 29
+
+		     VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar
+
+				  Repeating
+
+
+An editing task is hardly ever unstructured.  A change often needs to be made
+several times.  In this chapter a number of useful ways to repeat a change
+will be explained.
+
+|26.1|	Repeating with Visual mode
+|26.2|	Add and subtract
+|26.3|	Making a change in many files
+|26.4|	Using Vim from a shell script
+
+     Next chapter: |usr_27.txt|  Search commands and patterns
+ Previous chapter: |usr_25.txt|  Editing formatted text
+Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt|
+
+==============================================================================
+*26.1*	Repeating with Visual mode
+
+Visual mode is very handy for making a change in any sequence of lines.  You
+can see the highlighted text, thus you can check if the correct lines are
+changed.  But making the selection takes some typing.  The "gv" command
+selects the same area again.  This allows you to do another operation on the
+same text.
+   Suppose you have some lines where you want to change "2001" to "2002" and
+"2000" to "2001":
+
+	The financial results for 2001 are better ~
+	than for 2000.  The income increased by 50%, ~
+	even though 2001 had more rain than 2000. ~
+			2000		2001 ~
+	income		45,403		66,234 ~
+
+First change "2001" to "2002".  Select the lines in Visual mode, and use: >
+
+	:s/2001/2002/g
+
+Now use "gv" to reselect the same text.  It doesn't matter where the cursor
+is.  Then use ":s/2000/2001/g" to make the second change.
+   Obviously, you can repeat these changes several times.
+
+==============================================================================
+*26.2*	Add and subtract
+
+When repeating the change of one number into another, you often have a fixed
+offset.  In the example above, one was added to each year.  Instead of typing
+a substitute command for each year that appears, the CTRL-A command can be
+used.
+   Using the same text as above, search for a year: >
+
+	/19[0-9][0-9]\|20[0-9][0-9]
+
+Now press CTRL-A.  The year will be increased by one:
+
+	The financial results for 2002 are better ~
+	than for 2000.  The income increased by 50%, ~
+	even though 2001 had more rain than 2000. ~
+			2000		2001 ~
+	income		45,403		66,234 ~
+
+Use "n" to find the next year, and press "." to repeat the CTRL-A ("." is a
+bit quicker to type).  Repeat "n" and "." for all years that appear.
+   Hint: set the 'hlsearch' option to see the matches you are going to change,
+then you can look ahead and do it faster.
+
+Adding more than one can be done by prepending the number to CTRL-A.  Suppose
+you have this list:
+
+	1.  item four ~
+	2.  item five ~
+	3.  item six ~
+
+Move the cursor to "1." and type: >
+
+	3 CTRL-A
+
+The "1." will change to "4.".  Again, you can use "." to repeat this on the
+other numbers.
+
+Another example:
+
+	006	foo bar ~
+	007	foo bar ~
+
+Using CTRL-A on these numbers results in:
+
+	007	foo bar ~
+	010	foo bar ~
+
+7 plus one is 10?  What happened here is that Vim recognized "007" as an octal
+number, because there is a leading zero.  This notation is often used in C
+programs.  If you do not want a number with leading zeros to be handled as
+octal, use this: >
+
+	:set nrformats-=octal
+
+The CTRL-X command does subtraction in a similar way.
+
+==============================================================================
+*26.3*	Making a change in many files
+
+Suppose you have a variable called "x_cnt" and you want to change it to
+"x_counter".  This variable is used in several of your C files.  You need to
+change it in all files.  This is how you do it.
+   Put all the relevant files in the argument list: >
+
+	:args *.c
+<
+This finds all C files and edits the first one.  Now you can perform a
+substitution command on all these files: >
+
+	:argdo %s/\<x_cnt\>/x_counter/ge | update
+
+The ":argdo" command takes an argument that is another command.  That command
+will be executed on all files in the argument list.
+   The "%s" substitute command that follows works on all lines.  It finds the
+word "x_cnt" with "\<x_cnt\>".  The "\<" and "\>" are used to match the whole
+word only, and not "px_cnt" or "x_cnt2".
+   The flags for the substitute command include "g" to replace all occurrences
+of "x_cnt" in the same line.  The "e" flag is used to avoid an error message
+when "x_cnt" does not appear in the file.  Otherwise ":argdo" would abort on
+the first file where "x_cnt" was not found.
+   The "|" separates two commands.  The following "update" command writes the
+file only if it was changed.  If no "x_cnt" was changed to "x_counter" nothing
+happens.
+
+There is also the ":windo" command, which executes its argument in all
+windows.  And ":bufdo" executes its argument on all buffers.  Be careful with
+this, because you might have more files in the buffer list than you think.
+Check this with the ":buffers" command (or ":ls").
+
+==============================================================================
+*26.4*	Using Vim from a shell script
+
+Suppose you have a lot of files in which you need to change the string
+"-person-" to "Jones" and then print it.  How do you do that?  One way is to
+do a lot of typing.  The other is to write a shell script to do the work.
+   The Vim editor does a superb job as a screen-oriented editor when using
+Normal mode commands.  For batch processing, however, Normal mode commands do
+not result in clear, commented command files; so here you will use Ex mode
+instead.  This mode gives you a nice command-line interface that makes it easy
+to put into a batch file.  ("Ex command" is just another name for a
+command-line (:) command.)
+   The Ex mode commands you need are as follows: >
+
+	%s/-person-/Jones/g
+	write tempfile
+	quit
+
+You put these commands in the file "change.vim".  Now to run the editor in
+batch mode, use this shell script: >
+
+	for file in *.txt; do
+	  vim -e -s $file < change.vim
+	  lpr -r tempfile
+	done
+
+The for-done loop is a shell construct to repeat the two lines in between,
+while the $file variable is set to a different file name each time.
+   The second line runs the Vim editor in Ex mode (-e argument) on the file
+$file and reads commands from the file "change.vim".  The -s argument tells
+Vim to operate in silent mode.  In other words, do not keep outputting the
+:prompt, or any other prompt for that matter.
+   The "lpr -r tempfile" command prints the resulting "tempfile" and deletes
+it (that's what the -r argument does).
+
+
+READING FROM STDIN
+
+Vim can read text on standard input.  Since the normal way is to read commands
+there, you must tell Vim to read text instead.  This is done by passing the
+"-" argument in place of a file.  Example: >
+
+	ls | vim -
+
+This allows you to edit the output of the "ls" command, without first saving
+the text in a file.
+   If you use the standard input to read text from, you can use the "-S"
+argument to read a script: >
+
+	producer | vim -S change.vim -
+
+
+NORMAL MODE SCRIPTS
+
+If you really want to use Normal mode commands in a script, you can use it
+like this: >
+
+	vim -s script file.txt ...
+<
+	Note:
+	"-s" has a different meaning when it is used without "-e".  Here it
+	means to source the "script" as Normal mode commands.  When used with
+	"-e" it means to be silent, and doesn't use the next argument as a
+	file name.
+
+The commands in "script" are executed like you typed them.  Don't forget that
+a line break is interpreted as pressing <Enter>.  In Normal mode that moves
+the cursor to the next line.
+   To create the script you can edit the script file and type the commands.
+You need to imagine what the result would be, which can be a bit difficult.
+Another way is to record the commands while you perform them manually.  This
+is how you do that: >
+
+	vim -w script file.txt ...
+
+All typed keys will be written to "script".  If you make a small mistake you
+can just continue and remember to edit the script later.
+   The "-w" argument appends to an existing script.  That is good when you
+want to record the script bit by bit.  If you want to start from scratch and
+start all over, use the "-W" argument.  It overwrites any existing file.
+
+==============================================================================
+
+Next chapter: |usr_27.txt|  Search commands and patterns
+
+Copyright: see |manual-copyright|  vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: