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annotate runtime/doc/tagsrch.txt @ 5146:6ec6b7ff2d43 v7.4a
Vim 7.4a BETA release.
| author | Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Sat, 06 Jul 2013 15:44:11 +0200 |
| parents | 8b8ef1fed009 |
| children | 050893d44c33 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 5146 | 1 *tagsrch.txt* For Vim version 7.4a. Last change: 2011 Oct 28 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 Tags and special searches *tags-and-searches* | |
| 8 | |
| 9 See section |29.1| of the user manual for an introduction. | |
| 10 | |
| 11 1. Jump to a tag |tag-commands| | |
| 12 2. Tag stack |tag-stack| | |
| 13 3. Tag match list |tag-matchlist| | |
| 14 4. Tags details |tag-details| | |
| 15 5. Tags file format |tags-file-format| | |
| 16 6. Include file searches |include-search| | |
| 17 | |
| 18 ============================================================================== | |
| 19 1. Jump to a tag *tag-commands* | |
| 20 | |
| 21 *tag* *tags* | |
| 22 A tag is an identifier that appears in a "tags" file. It is a sort of label | |
| 23 that can be jumped to. For example: In C programs each function name can be | |
| 24 used as a tag. The "tags" file has to be generated by a program like ctags, | |
| 25 before the tag commands can be used. | |
| 26 | |
| 27 With the ":tag" command the cursor will be positioned on the tag. With the | |
| 28 CTRL-] command, the keyword on which the cursor is standing is used as the | |
| 29 tag. If the cursor is not on a keyword, the first keyword to the right of the | |
| 30 cursor is used. | |
| 31 | |
| 32 The ":tag" command works very well for C programs. If you see a call to a | |
| 33 function and wonder what that function does, position the cursor inside of the | |
| 34 function name and hit CTRL-]. This will bring you to the function definition. | |
| 35 An easy way back is with the CTRL-T command. Also read about the tag stack | |
| 36 below. | |
| 37 | |
| 38 *:ta* *:tag* *E426* *E429* | |
| 685 | 39 :[count]ta[g][!] {ident} |
| 40 Jump to the definition of {ident}, using the | |
| 7 | 41 information in the tags file(s). Put {ident} in the |
| 42 tag stack. See |tag-!| for [!]. | |
| 43 {ident} can be a regexp pattern, see |tag-regexp|. | |
| 685 | 44 When there are several matching tags for {ident}, jump |
| 45 to the [count] one. When [count] is omitted the | |
| 46 first one is jumped to. See |tag-matchlist| for | |
| 47 jumping to other matching tags. | |
| 7 | 48 |
| 49 g<LeftMouse> *g<LeftMouse>* | |
| 50 <C-LeftMouse> *<C-LeftMouse>* *CTRL-]* | |
| 51 CTRL-] Jump to the definition of the keyword under the | |
| 52 cursor. Same as ":tag {ident}", where {ident} is the | |
| 685 | 53 keyword under or after cursor. |
| 54 When there are several matching tags for {ident}, jump | |
| 55 to the [count] one. When no [count] is given the | |
| 56 first one is jumped to. See |tag-matchlist| for | |
| 57 jumping to other matching tags. | |
| 58 {Vi: identifier after the cursor} | |
| 7 | 59 |
| 60 *v_CTRL-]* | |
| 61 {Visual}CTRL-] Same as ":tag {ident}", where {ident} is the text that | |
| 62 is highlighted. {not in Vi} | |
| 63 | |
| 64 *telnet-CTRL-]* | |
| 65 CTRL-] is the default telnet escape key. When you type CTRL-] to jump to a | |
| 66 tag, you will get the telnet prompt instead. Most versions of telnet allow | |
| 67 changing or disabling the default escape key. See the telnet man page. You | |
| 68 can 'telnet -E {Hostname}' to disable the escape character, or 'telnet -e | |
| 69 {EscapeCharacter} {Hostname}' to specify another escape character. If | |
| 56 | 70 possible, try to use "ssh" instead of "telnet" to avoid this problem. |
| 7 | 71 |
| 72 *tag-priority* | |
| 73 When there are multiple matches for a tag, this priority is used: | |
| 74 1. "FSC" A full matching static tag for the current file. | |
| 75 2. "F C" A full matching global tag for the current file. | |
| 76 3. "F " A full matching global tag for another file. | |
| 77 4. "FS " A full matching static tag for another file. | |
| 78 5. " SC" An ignore-case matching static tag for the current file. | |
| 79 6. " C" An ignore-case matching global tag for the current file. | |
| 80 7. " " An ignore-case matching global tag for another file. | |
| 81 8. " S " An ignore-case matching static tag for another file. | |
| 82 | |
| 83 Note that when the current file changes, the priority list is mostly not | |
| 84 changed, to avoid confusion when using ":tnext". It is changed when using | |
| 85 ":tag {ident}". | |
| 86 | |
| 87 The ignore-case matches are not found for a ":tag" command when the | |
| 88 'ignorecase' option is off. They are found when a pattern is used (starting | |
| 89 with a "/") and for ":tselect", also when 'ignorecase' is off. Note that | |
| 90 using ignore-case tag searching disables binary searching in the tags file, | |
| 91 which causes a slowdown. This can be avoided by fold-case sorting the tag | |
| 92 file. See the 'tagbsearch' option for an explanation. | |
| 93 | |
| 94 ============================================================================== | |
| 95 2. Tag stack *tag-stack* *tagstack* *E425* | |
| 96 | |
| 97 On the tag stack is remembered which tags you jumped to, and from where. | |
| 98 Tags are only pushed onto the stack when the 'tagstack' option is set. | |
| 99 | |
| 100 g<RightMouse> *g<RightMouse>* | |
| 101 <C-RightMouse> *<C-RightMouse>* *CTRL-T* | |
| 102 CTRL-T Jump to [count] older entry in the tag stack | |
| 103 (default 1). {not in Vi} | |
| 104 | |
| 105 *:po* *:pop* *E555* *E556* | |
| 106 :[count]po[p][!] Jump to [count] older entry in tag stack (default 1). | |
| 107 See |tag-!| for [!]. {not in Vi} | |
| 108 | |
| 109 :[count]ta[g][!] Jump to [count] newer entry in tag stack (default 1). | |
| 110 See |tag-!| for [!]. {not in Vi} | |
| 111 | |
| 112 *:tags* | |
| 113 :tags Show the contents of the tag stack. The active | |
| 114 entry is marked with a '>'. {not in Vi} | |
| 115 | |
| 116 The output of ":tags" looks like this: | |
| 117 | |
| 2681 | 118 # TO tag FROM line in file/text |
| 7 | 119 1 1 main 1 harddisk2:text/vim/test |
| 120 > 2 2 FuncA 58 i = FuncA(10); | |
| 121 3 1 FuncC 357 harddisk2:text/vim/src/amiga.c | |
| 122 | |
| 123 This list shows the tags that you jumped to and the cursor position before | |
| 124 that jump. The older tags are at the top, the newer at the bottom. | |
| 125 | |
| 126 The '>' points to the active entry. This is the tag that will be used by the | |
| 127 next ":tag" command. The CTRL-T and ":pop" command will use the position | |
| 128 above the active entry. | |
| 129 | |
| 130 Below the "TO" is the number of the current match in the match list. Note | |
| 131 that this doesn't change when using ":pop" or ":tag". | |
| 132 | |
| 133 The line number and file name are remembered to be able to get back to where | |
| 134 you were before the tag command. The line number will be correct, also when | |
| 135 deleting/inserting lines, unless this was done by another program (e.g. | |
| 136 another instance of Vim). | |
| 137 | |
| 2681 | 138 For the current file, the "file/text" column shows the text at the position. |
| 7 | 139 An indent is removed and a long line is truncated to fit in the window. |
| 140 | |
| 141 You can jump to previously used tags with several commands. Some examples: | |
| 142 | |
| 143 ":pop" or CTRL-T to position before previous tag | |
| 144 {count}CTRL-T to position before {count} older tag | |
| 145 ":tag" to newer tag | |
| 146 ":0tag" to last used tag | |
| 147 | |
| 148 The most obvious way to use this is while browsing through the call graph of | |
| 149 a program. Consider the following call graph: | |
| 150 | |
| 151 main ---> FuncA ---> FuncC | |
| 152 ---> FuncB | |
| 153 | |
| 154 (Explanation: main calls FuncA and FuncB; FuncA calls FuncC). | |
| 155 You can get from main to FuncA by using CTRL-] on the call to FuncA. Then | |
| 156 you can CTRL-] to get to FuncC. If you now want to go back to main you can | |
| 157 use CTRL-T twice. Then you can CTRL-] to FuncB. | |
| 158 | |
| 159 If you issue a ":ta {ident}" or CTRL-] command, this tag is inserted at the | |
| 160 current position in the stack. If the stack was full (it can hold up to 20 | |
| 161 entries), the oldest entry is deleted and the older entries shift one | |
| 162 position up (their index number is decremented by one). If the last used | |
| 163 entry was not at the bottom, the entries below the last used one are | |
| 164 deleted. This means that an old branch in the call graph is lost. After the | |
| 165 commands explained above the tag stack will look like this: | |
| 166 | |
| 2681 | 167 # TO tag FROM line in file/text |
| 168 1 1 main 1 harddisk2:text/vim/test | |
| 169 2 1 FuncB 59 harddisk2:text/vim/src/main.c | |
| 7 | 170 |
| 171 *E73* | |
| 172 When you try to use the tag stack while it doesn't contain anything you will | |
| 173 get an error message. | |
| 174 | |
| 175 ============================================================================== | |
| 176 3. Tag match list *tag-matchlist* *E427* *E428* | |
| 177 | |
| 178 When there are several matching tags, these commands can be used to jump | |
|
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179 between them. Note that these commands don't change the tag stack, they keep |
| 7 | 180 the same entry. |
| 181 | |
| 182 *:ts* *:tselect* | |
| 183 :ts[elect][!] [ident] List the tags that match [ident], using the | |
| 184 information in the tags file(s). | |
| 185 When [ident] is not given, the last tag name from the | |
| 186 tag stack is used. | |
| 187 With a '>' in the first column is indicated which is | |
| 188 the current position in the list (if there is one). | |
| 189 [ident] can be a regexp pattern, see |tag-regexp|. | |
| 190 See |tag-priority| for the priorities used in the | |
| 191 listing. {not in Vi} | |
| 192 Example output: | |
| 193 | |
| 194 > | |
| 195 nr pri kind tag file | |
| 196 1 F f mch_delay os_amiga.c | |
| 197 mch_delay(msec, ignoreinput) | |
| 198 > 2 F f mch_delay os_msdos.c | |
| 199 mch_delay(msec, ignoreinput) | |
| 200 3 F f mch_delay os_unix.c | |
| 201 mch_delay(msec, ignoreinput) | |
| 202 Enter nr of choice (<CR> to abort): | |
| 203 < | |
| 204 See |tag-priority| for the "pri" column. Note that | |
| 205 this depends on the current file, thus using | |
| 206 ":tselect xxx" can produce different results. | |
| 207 The "kind" column gives the kind of tag, if this was | |
| 208 included in the tags file. | |
| 209 The "info" column shows information that could be | |
| 210 found in the tags file. It depends on the program | |
| 211 that produced the tags file. | |
| 212 When the list is long, you may get the |more-prompt|. | |
| 213 If you already see the tag you want to use, you can | |
| 214 type 'q' and enter the number. | |
| 215 | |
| 216 *:sts* *:stselect* | |
| 217 :sts[elect][!] [ident] Does ":tselect[!] [ident]" and splits the window for | |
| 218 the selected tag. {not in Vi} | |
| 219 | |
| 220 *g]* | |
| 221 g] Like CTRL-], but use ":tselect" instead of ":tag". | |
| 222 {not in Vi} | |
| 223 | |
| 224 *v_g]* | |
| 225 {Visual}g] Same as "g]", but use the highlighted text as the | |
| 226 identifier. {not in Vi} | |
| 227 | |
| 228 *:tj* *:tjump* | |
| 229 :tj[ump][!] [ident] Like ":tselect", but jump to the tag directly when | |
| 230 there is only one match. {not in Vi} | |
| 231 | |
| 232 *:stj* *:stjump* | |
| 233 :stj[ump][!] [ident] Does ":tjump[!] [ident]" and splits the window for the | |
| 234 selected tag. {not in Vi} | |
| 235 | |
| 236 *g_CTRL-]* | |
| 237 g CTRL-] Like CTRL-], but use ":tjump" instead of ":tag". | |
| 238 {not in Vi} | |
| 239 | |
| 240 *v_g_CTRL-]* | |
| 241 {Visual}g CTRL-] Same as "g CTRL-]", but use the highlighted text as | |
| 242 the identifier. {not in Vi} | |
| 243 | |
| 244 *:tn* *:tnext* | |
| 245 :[count]tn[ext][!] Jump to [count] next matching tag (default 1). See | |
| 246 |tag-!| for [!]. {not in Vi} | |
| 247 | |
| 248 *:tp* *:tprevious* | |
| 249 :[count]tp[revious][!] Jump to [count] previous matching tag (default 1). | |
| 250 See |tag-!| for [!]. {not in Vi} | |
| 251 | |
| 252 *:tN* *:tNext* | |
| 253 :[count]tN[ext][!] Same as ":tprevious". {not in Vi} | |
| 254 | |
| 255 *:tr* *:trewind* | |
| 256 :[count]tr[ewind][!] Jump to first matching tag. If [count] is given, jump | |
| 257 to [count]th matching tag. See |tag-!| for [!]. {not | |
| 258 in Vi} | |
| 259 | |
| 260 *:tf* *:tfirst* | |
| 237 | 261 :[count]tf[irst][!] Same as ":trewind". {not in Vi} |
| 7 | 262 |
| 263 *:tl* *:tlast* | |
| 264 :tl[ast][!] Jump to last matching tag. See |tag-!| for [!]. {not | |
| 265 in Vi} | |
| 266 | |
| 651 | 267 *:lt* *:ltag* |
| 268 :lt[ag][!] [ident] Jump to tag [ident] and add the matching tags to a new | |
| 269 location list for the current window. [ident] can be | |
| 270 a regexp pattern, see |tag-regexp|. When [ident] is | |
| 271 not given, the last tag name from the tag stack is | |
| 272 used. The search pattern to locate the tag line is | |
| 273 prefixed with "\V" to escape all the special | |
| 274 characters (very nomagic). The location list showing | |
| 275 the matching tags is independent of the tag stack. | |
| 276 See |tag-!| for [!]. | |
| 277 {not in Vi} | |
| 7 | 278 |
| 279 When there is no other message, Vim shows which matching tag has been jumped | |
| 280 to, and the number of matching tags: > | |
| 281 tag 1 of 3 or more | |
| 282 The " or more" is used to indicate that Vim didn't try all the tags files yet. | |
| 283 When using ":tnext" a few times, or with ":tlast", more matches may be found. | |
| 284 | |
| 285 When you didn't see this message because of some other message, or you just | |
| 286 want to know where you are, this command will show it again (and jump to the | |
| 287 same tag as last time): > | |
| 288 :0tn | |
| 289 < | |
| 290 *tag-skip-file* | |
| 291 When a matching tag is found for which the file doesn't exist, this match is | |
| 292 skipped and the next matching tag is used. Vim reports this, to notify you of | |
| 293 missing files. When the end of the list of matches has been reached, an error | |
| 294 message is given. | |
| 295 | |
| 651 | 296 *tag-preview* |
| 7 | 297 The tag match list can also be used in the preview window. The commands are |
| 298 the same as above, with a "p" prepended. | |
| 299 {not available when compiled without the |+quickfix| feature} | |
| 300 | |
| 301 *:pts* *:ptselect* | |
| 302 :pts[elect][!] [ident] Does ":tselect[!] [ident]" and shows the new tag in a | |
| 237 | 303 "Preview" window. See |:ptag| for more info. |
| 7 | 304 {not in Vi} |
| 305 | |
| 306 *:ptj* *:ptjump* | |
| 307 :ptj[ump][!] [ident] Does ":tjump[!] [ident]" and shows the new tag in a | |
| 237 | 308 "Preview" window. See |:ptag| for more info. |
| 7 | 309 {not in Vi} |
| 310 | |
| 311 *:ptn* *:ptnext* | |
| 312 :[count]ptn[ext][!] ":tnext" in the preview window. See |:ptag|. | |
| 313 {not in Vi} | |
| 314 | |
| 315 *:ptp* *:ptprevious* | |
| 316 :[count]ptp[revious][!] ":tprevious" in the preview window. See |:ptag|. | |
| 317 {not in Vi} | |
| 318 | |
| 319 *:ptN* *:ptNext* | |
| 320 :[count]ptN[ext][!] Same as ":ptprevious". {not in Vi} | |
| 321 | |
| 322 *:ptr* *:ptrewind* | |
| 323 :[count]ptr[ewind][!] ":trewind" in the preview window. See |:ptag|. | |
| 324 {not in Vi} | |
| 325 | |
| 326 *:ptf* *:ptfirst* | |
| 237 | 327 :[count]ptf[irst][!] Same as ":ptrewind". {not in Vi} |
| 7 | 328 |
| 329 *:ptl* *:ptlast* | |
| 330 :ptl[ast][!] ":tlast" in the preview window. See |:ptag|. | |
| 331 {not in Vi} | |
| 332 | |
| 333 ============================================================================== | |
| 334 4. Tags details *tag-details* | |
| 335 | |
| 336 *static-tag* | |
| 337 A static tag is a tag that is defined for a specific file. In a C program | |
| 338 this could be a static function. | |
| 339 | |
| 340 In Vi jumping to a tag sets the current search pattern. This means that | |
| 341 the "n" command after jumping to a tag does not search for the same pattern | |
| 342 that it did before jumping to the tag. Vim does not do this as we consider it | |
| 343 to be a bug. You can still find the tag search pattern in the search history. | |
| 344 If you really want the old Vi behavior, set the 't' flag in 'cpoptions'. | |
| 345 | |
| 346 *tag-binary-search* | |
| 347 Vim uses binary searching in the tags file to find the desired tag quickly | |
| 348 (when enabled at compile time |+tag_binary|). But this only works if the | |
| 349 tags file was sorted on ASCII byte value. Therefore, if no match was found, | |
| 350 another try is done with a linear search. If you only want the linear search, | |
| 351 reset the 'tagbsearch' option. Or better: Sort the tags file! | |
| 352 | |
| 353 Note that the binary searching is disabled when not looking for a tag with a | |
| 354 specific name. This happens when ignoring case and when a regular expression | |
| 355 is used that doesn't start with a fixed string. Tag searching can be a lot | |
| 356 slower then. The former can be avoided by case-fold sorting the tags file. | |
| 357 See 'tagbsearch' for details. | |
| 358 | |
| 359 *tag-regexp* | |
| 360 The ":tag" and "tselect" commands accept a regular expression argument. See | |
| 361 |pattern| for the special characters that can be used. | |
| 362 When the argument starts with '/', it is used as a pattern. If the argument | |
| 363 does not start with '/', it is taken literally, as a full tag name. | |
| 364 Examples: > | |
| 365 :tag main | |
| 366 < jumps to the tag "main" that has the highest priority. > | |
| 367 :tag /^get | |
| 368 < jumps to the tag that starts with "get" and has the highest priority. > | |
| 369 :tag /norm | |
| 370 < lists all the tags that contain "norm", including "id_norm". | |
| 371 When the argument both exists literally, and match when used as a regexp, a | |
| 372 literal match has a higher priority. For example, ":tag /open" matches "open" | |
| 373 before "open_file" and "file_open". | |
| 415 | 374 When using a pattern case is ignored. If you want to match case use "\C" in |
| 375 the pattern. | |
| 7 | 376 |
| 377 *tag-!* | |
| 378 If the tag is in the current file this will always work. Otherwise the | |
| 379 performed actions depend on whether the current file was changed, whether a ! | |
| 380 is added to the command and on the 'autowrite' option: | |
| 381 | |
| 382 tag in file autowrite ~ | |
| 383 current file changed ! option action ~ | |
| 384 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| 385 yes x x x goto tag | |
| 386 no no x x read other file, goto tag | |
| 387 no yes yes x abandon current file, read other file, goto | |
| 388 tag | |
| 389 no yes no on write current file, read other file, goto | |
| 390 tag | |
| 391 no yes no off fail | |
| 392 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| 393 | |
| 394 - If the tag is in the current file, the command will always work. | |
| 395 - If the tag is in another file and the current file was not changed, the | |
| 396 other file will be made the current file and read into the buffer. | |
| 397 - If the tag is in another file, the current file was changed and a ! is | |
| 398 added to the command, the changes to the current file are lost, the other | |
| 399 file will be made the current file and read into the buffer. | |
| 400 - If the tag is in another file, the current file was changed and the | |
| 401 'autowrite' option is on, the current file will be written, the other | |
| 402 file will be made the current file and read into the buffer. | |
| 403 - If the tag is in another file, the current file was changed and the | |
| 404 'autowrite' option is off, the command will fail. If you want to save | |
| 405 the changes, use the ":w" command and then use ":tag" without an argument. | |
| 406 This works because the tag is put on the stack anyway. If you want to lose | |
| 407 the changes you can use the ":tag!" command. | |
| 408 | |
| 409 *tag-security* | |
| 410 Note that Vim forbids some commands, for security reasons. This works like | |
| 411 using the 'secure' option for exrc/vimrc files in the current directory. See | |
| 412 |trojan-horse| and |sandbox|. | |
| 413 When the {tagaddress} changes a buffer, you will get a warning message: | |
| 414 "WARNING: tag command changed a buffer!!!" | |
| 415 In a future version changing the buffer will be impossible. All this for | |
| 416 security reasons: Somebody might hide a nasty command in the tags file, which | |
| 417 would otherwise go unnoticed. Example: > | |
| 418 :$d|/tag-function-name/ | |
| 237 | 419 {this security prevention is not present in Vi} |
| 7 | 420 |
| 421 In Vi the ":tag" command sets the last search pattern when the tag is searched | |
| 422 for. In Vim this is not done, the previous search pattern is still remembered, | |
| 423 unless the 't' flag is present in 'cpoptions'. The search pattern is always | |
| 424 put in the search history, so you can modify it if searching fails. | |
| 425 | |
| 426 *emacs-tags* *emacs_tags* *E430* | |
| 427 Emacs style tag files are only supported if Vim was compiled with the | |
| 428 |+emacs_tags| feature enabled. Sorry, there is no explanation about Emacs tag | |
| 429 files here, it is only supported for backwards compatibility :-). | |
| 430 | |
|
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431 Lines in Emacs tags files can be very long. Vim only deals with lines of up |
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432 to about 510 bytes. To see whether lines are ignored set 'verbose' to 5 or |
|
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433 higher. |
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diff
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|
434 |
| 7 | 435 *tags-option* |
| 436 The 'tags' option is a list of file names. Each of these files is searched | |
| 437 for the tag. This can be used to use a different tags file than the default | |
| 438 file "tags". It can also be used to access a common tags file. | |
| 439 | |
| 440 The next file in the list is not used when: | |
| 441 - A matching static tag for the current buffer has been found. | |
| 442 - A matching global tag has been found. | |
| 443 This also depends on the 'ignorecase' option. If it is off, and the tags file | |
| 444 only has a match without matching case, the next tags file is searched for a | |
| 445 match with matching case. If no tag with matching case is found, the first | |
| 446 match without matching case is used. If 'ignorecase' is on, and a matching | |
| 447 global tag with or without matching case is found, this one is used, no | |
| 448 further tags files are searched. | |
| 449 | |
| 450 When a tag file name starts with "./", the '.' is replaced with the path of | |
| 451 the current file. This makes it possible to use a tags file in the directory | |
| 452 where the current file is (no matter what the current directory is). The idea | |
| 453 of using "./" is that you can define which tag file is searched first: In the | |
| 454 current directory ("tags,./tags") or in the directory of the current file | |
| 455 ("./tags,tags"). | |
| 456 | |
| 457 For example: > | |
| 458 :set tags=./tags,tags,/home/user/commontags | |
| 459 | |
| 460 In this example the tag will first be searched for in the file "tags" in the | |
| 461 directory where the current file is. Next the "tags" file in the current | |
| 462 directory. If it is not found there, then the file "/home/user/commontags" | |
| 463 will be searched for the tag. | |
| 464 | |
| 465 This can be switched off by including the 'd' flag in 'cpoptions', to make | |
| 557 | 466 it Vi compatible. "./tags" will then be the tags file in the current |
| 7 | 467 directory, instead of the tags file in the directory where the current file |
| 468 is. | |
| 469 | |
| 470 Instead of the comma a space may be used. Then a backslash is required for | |
| 471 the space to be included in the string option: > | |
| 472 :set tags=tags\ /home/user/commontags | |
| 473 | |
| 474 To include a space in a file name use three backslashes. To include a comma | |
| 475 in a file name use two backslashes. For example, use: > | |
| 476 :set tags=tag\\\ file,/home/user/common\\,tags | |
| 477 | |
| 478 for the files "tag file" and "/home/user/common,tags". The 'tags' option will | |
| 479 have the value "tag\ file,/home/user/common\,tags". | |
| 480 | |
| 481 If the 'tagrelative' option is on (which is the default) and using a tag file | |
| 482 in another directory, file names in that tag file are relative to the | |
| 483 directory where the tag file is. | |
| 484 | |
| 485 ============================================================================== | |
| 486 5. Tags file format *tags-file-format* *E431* | |
| 487 | |
| 488 *ctags* *jtags* | |
| 489 A tags file can be created with an external command, for example "ctags". It | |
| 490 will contain a tag for each function. Some versions of "ctags" will also make | |
| 491 a tag for each "#defined" macro, typedefs, enums, etc. | |
| 492 | |
| 493 Some programs that generate tags files: | |
| 494 ctags As found on most Unix systems. Only supports C. Only | |
| 495 does the basic work. | |
| 20 | 496 *Exuberant_ctags* |
| 7 | 497 exuberant ctags This a very good one. It works for C, C++, Java, |
| 498 Fortran, Eiffel and others. It can generate tags for | |
| 499 many items. See http://ctags.sourceforge.net. | |
| 500 etags Connected to Emacs. Supports many languages. | |
| 501 JTags For Java, in Java. It can be found at | |
| 502 http://www.fleiner.com/jtags/. | |
| 503 ptags.py For Python, in Python. Found in your Python source | |
| 504 directory at Tools/scripts/ptags.py. | |
| 505 ptags For Perl, in Perl. It can be found at | |
| 506 http://www.eleves.ens.fr:8080/home/nthiery/Tags/. | |
| 507 gnatxref For Ada. See http://www.gnuada.org/. gnatxref is | |
| 508 part of the gnat package. | |
| 509 | |
| 510 | |
| 511 The lines in the tags file must have one of these three formats: | |
| 512 | |
| 513 1. {tagname} {TAB} {tagfile} {TAB} {tagaddress} | |
| 514 2. {tagfile}:{tagname} {TAB} {tagfile} {TAB} {tagaddress} | |
| 515 3. {tagname} {TAB} {tagfile} {TAB} {tagaddress} {term} {field} .. | |
| 516 | |
| 517 The first is a normal tag, which is completely compatible with Vi. It is the | |
| 518 only format produced by traditional ctags implementations. This is often used | |
| 519 for functions that are global, also referenced in other files. | |
| 520 | |
| 521 The lines in the tags file can end in <LF> or <CR><LF>. On the Macintosh <CR> | |
| 522 also works. The <CR> and <NL> characters can never appear inside a line. | |
| 523 | |
| 524 *tag-old-static* | |
| 525 The second format is for a static tag only. It is obsolete now, replaced by | |
| 526 the third format. It is only supported by Elvis 1.x and Vim and a few | |
| 527 versions of ctags. A static tag is often used for functions that are local, | |
| 528 only referenced in the file {tagfile}. Note that for the static tag, the two | |
| 529 occurrences of {tagfile} must be exactly the same. Also see |tags-option| | |
| 530 below, for how static tags are used. | |
| 531 | |
| 532 The third format is new. It includes additional information in optional | |
| 533 fields at the end of each line. It is backwards compatible with Vi. It is | |
| 534 only supported by new versions of ctags (such as Exuberant ctags). | |
| 535 | |
| 536 {tagname} The identifier. Normally the name of a function, but it can | |
| 537 be any identifier. It cannot contain a <Tab>. | |
| 538 {TAB} One <Tab> character. Note: previous versions allowed any | |
| 539 white space here. This has been abandoned to allow spaces in | |
| 540 {tagfile}. It can be re-enabled by including the | |
| 541 |+tag_any_white| feature at compile time. *tag-any-white* | |
| 542 {tagfile} The file that contains the definition of {tagname}. It can | |
| 543 have an absolute or relative path. It may contain environment | |
| 544 variables and wildcards (although the use of wildcards is | |
| 545 doubtful). It cannot contain a <Tab>. | |
| 546 {tagaddress} The Ex command that positions the cursor on the tag. It can | |
| 547 be any Ex command, although restrictions apply (see | |
| 548 |tag-security|). Posix only allows line numbers and search | |
| 549 commands, which are mostly used. | |
| 550 {term} ;" The two characters semicolon and double quote. This is | |
| 551 interpreted by Vi as the start of a comment, which makes the | |
| 552 following be ignored. This is for backwards compatibility | |
| 553 with Vi, it ignores the following fields. | |
| 554 {field} .. A list of optional fields. Each field has the form: | |
| 555 | |
| 556 <Tab>{fieldname}:{value} | |
| 557 | |
| 558 The {fieldname} identifies the field, and can only contain | |
| 559 alphabetical characters [a-zA-Z]. | |
| 560 The {value} is any string, but cannot contain a <Tab>. | |
| 561 These characters are special: | |
| 562 "\t" stands for a <Tab> | |
| 563 "\r" stands for a <CR> | |
| 564 "\n" stands for a <NL> | |
| 565 "\\" stands for a single '\' character | |
| 566 | |
| 567 There is one field that doesn't have a ':'. This is the kind | |
| 568 of the tag. It is handled like it was preceded with "kind:". | |
| 569 See the documentation of ctags for the kinds it produces. | |
| 570 | |
| 571 The only other field currently recognized by Vim is "file:" | |
| 572 (with an empty value). It is used for a static tag. | |
| 573 | |
| 574 The first lines in the tags file can contain lines that start with | |
| 575 !_TAG_ | |
| 576 These are sorted to the first lines, only rare tags that start with "!" can | |
| 577 sort to before them. Vim recognizes two items. The first one is the line | |
| 578 that indicates if the file was sorted. When this line is found, Vim uses | |
| 579 binary searching for the tags file: | |
| 580 !_TAG_FILE_SORTED<Tab>1<Tab>{anything} ~ | |
| 581 | |
| 582 A tag file may be case-fold sorted to avoid a linear search when 'ignorecase' | |
| 583 is on. See 'tagbsearch' for details. The value '2' should be used then: | |
| 584 !_TAG_FILE_SORTED<Tab>2<Tab>{anything} ~ | |
| 585 | |
| 586 The other tag that Vim recognizes, but only when compiled with the | |
| 587 |+multi_byte| feature, is the encoding of the tags file: | |
| 588 !_TAG_FILE_ENCODING<Tab>utf-8<Tab>{anything} ~ | |
| 589 Here "utf-8" is the encoding used for the tags. Vim will then convert the tag | |
| 590 being searched for from 'encoding' to the encoding of the tags file. And when | |
| 591 listing tags the reverse happens. When the conversion fails the unconverted | |
| 592 tag is used. | |
| 593 | |
| 594 *tag-search* | |
| 595 The command can be any Ex command, but often it is a search command. | |
| 596 Examples: | |
| 597 tag1 file1 /^main(argc, argv)/ ~ | |
| 598 tag2 file2 108 ~ | |
| 599 | |
| 600 The command is always executed with 'magic' not set. The only special | |
| 601 characters in a search pattern are "^" (begin-of-line) and "$" (<EOL>). | |
| 602 See |pattern|. Note that you must put a backslash before each backslash in | |
| 603 the search text. This is for backwards compatibility with Vi. | |
| 604 | |
| 605 *E434* *E435* | |
| 606 If the command is a normal search command (it starts and ends with "/" or | |
| 607 "?"), some special handling is done: | |
| 608 - Searching starts on line 1 of the file. | |
| 609 The direction of the search is forward for "/", backward for "?". | |
| 237 | 610 Note that 'wrapscan' does not matter, the whole file is always searched. (Vi |
| 611 does use 'wrapscan', which caused tags sometimes not be found.) {Vi starts | |
| 7 | 612 searching in line 2 of another file. It does not find a tag in line 1 of |
| 613 another file when 'wrapscan' is not set} | |
| 614 - If the search fails, another try is done ignoring case. If that fails too, | |
| 615 a search is done for: | |
| 616 "^tagname[ \t]*(" | |
| 617 (the tag with '^' prepended and "[ \t]*(" appended). When using function | |
| 618 names, this will find the function name when it is in column 0. This will | |
| 619 help when the arguments to the function have changed since the tags file was | |
| 620 made. If this search also fails another search is done with: | |
| 621 "^[#a-zA-Z_].*\<tagname[ \t]*(" | |
| 622 This means: A line starting with '#' or an identifier and containing the tag | |
| 623 followed by white space and a '('. This will find macro names and function | |
| 237 | 624 names with a type prepended. {the extra searches are not in Vi} |
| 7 | 625 |
| 626 ============================================================================== | |
| 627 6. Include file searches *include-search* *definition-search* | |
| 628 *E387* *E388* *E389* | |
| 629 | |
| 630 These commands look for a string in the current file and in all encountered | |
| 631 included files (recursively). This can be used to find the definition of a | |
| 632 variable, function or macro. If you only want to search in the current | |
| 633 buffer, use the commands listed at |pattern-searches|. | |
| 634 | |
| 635 These commands are not available when the |+find_in_path| feature was disabled | |
| 636 at compile time. | |
| 637 | |
| 638 When a line is encountered that includes another file, that file is searched | |
| 639 before continuing in the current buffer. Files included by included files are | |
| 640 also searched. When an include file could not be found it is silently | |
| 641 ignored. Use the |:checkpath| command to discover which files could not be | |
| 642 found, possibly your 'path' option is not set up correctly. Note: the | |
| 643 included file is searched, not a buffer that may be editing that file. Only | |
| 644 for the current file the lines in the buffer are used. | |
| 645 | |
| 646 The string can be any keyword or a defined macro. For the keyword any match | |
| 647 will be found. For defined macros only lines that match with the 'define' | |
| 648 option will be found. The default is "^#\s*define", which is for C programs. | |
| 649 For other languages you probably want to change this. See 'define' for an | |
| 650 example for C++. The string cannot contain an end-of-line, only matches | |
| 651 within a line are found. | |
| 652 | |
| 653 When a match is found for a defined macro, the displaying of lines continues | |
| 654 with the next line when a line ends in a backslash. | |
| 655 | |
| 656 The commands that start with "[" start searching from the start of the current | |
| 657 file. The commands that start with "]" start at the current cursor position. | |
| 658 | |
| 659 The 'include' option is used to define a line that includes another file. The | |
| 660 default is "\^#\s*include", which is for C programs. Note: Vim does not | |
| 661 recognize C syntax, if the 'include' option matches a line inside | |
| 662 "#ifdef/#endif" or inside a comment, it is searched anyway. The 'isfname' | |
| 663 option is used to recognize the file name that comes after the matched | |
| 664 pattern. | |
| 665 | |
| 666 The 'path' option is used to find the directory for the include files that | |
| 667 do not have an absolute path. | |
| 668 | |
| 669 The 'comments' option is used for the commands that display a single line or | |
| 670 jump to a line. It defines patterns that may start a comment. Those lines | |
| 671 are ignored for the search, unless [!] is used. One exception: When the line | |
| 672 matches the pattern "^# *define" it is not considered to be a comment. | |
| 673 | |
| 674 If you want to list matches, and then select one to jump to, you could use a | |
| 675 mapping to do that for you. Here is an example: > | |
| 676 | |
| 677 :map <F4> [I:let nr = input("Which one: ")<Bar>exe "normal " . nr ."[\t"<CR> | |
| 678 < | |
| 679 *[i* | |
| 680 [i Display the first line that contains the keyword | |
| 681 under the cursor. The search starts at the beginning | |
| 682 of the file. Lines that look like a comment are | |
| 683 ignored (see 'comments' option). If a count is given, | |
| 684 the count'th matching line is displayed, and comment | |
| 685 lines are not ignored. {not in Vi} | |
| 686 | |
| 687 *]i* | |
| 688 ]i like "[i", but start at the current cursor position. | |
| 689 {not in Vi} | |
| 690 | |
| 691 *:is* *:isearch* | |
| 692 :[range]is[earch][!] [count] [/]pattern[/] | |
| 693 Like "[i" and "]i", but search in [range] lines | |
| 694 (default: whole file). | |
| 695 See |:search-args| for [/] and [!]. {not in Vi} | |
| 696 | |
| 697 *[I* | |
| 698 [I Display all lines that contain the keyword under the | |
| 699 cursor. Filenames and line numbers are displayed | |
| 700 for the found lines. The search starts at the | |
| 701 beginning of the file. {not in Vi} | |
| 702 | |
| 703 *]I* | |
| 704 ]I like "[I", but start at the current cursor position. | |
| 705 {not in Vi} | |
| 706 | |
| 707 *:il* *:ilist* | |
| 708 :[range]il[ist][!] [/]pattern[/] | |
| 709 Like "[I" and "]I", but search in [range] lines | |
| 710 (default: whole file). | |
| 711 See |:search-args| for [/] and [!]. {not in Vi} | |
| 712 | |
| 713 *[_CTRL-I* | |
| 714 [ CTRL-I Jump to the first line that contains the keyword | |
| 715 under the cursor. The search starts at the beginning | |
| 716 of the file. Lines that look like a comment are | |
| 717 ignored (see 'comments' option). If a count is given, | |
| 718 the count'th matching line is jumped to, and comment | |
| 719 lines are not ignored. {not in Vi} | |
| 720 | |
| 721 *]_CTRL-I* | |
| 722 ] CTRL-I like "[ CTRL-I", but start at the current cursor | |
| 723 position. {not in Vi} | |
| 724 | |
| 725 *:ij* *:ijump* | |
| 726 :[range]ij[ump][!] [count] [/]pattern[/] | |
| 727 Like "[ CTRL-I" and "] CTRL-I", but search in | |
| 728 [range] lines (default: whole file). | |
| 729 See |:search-args| for [/] and [!]. {not in Vi} | |
| 730 | |
| 731 CTRL-W CTRL-I *CTRL-W_CTRL-I* *CTRL-W_i* | |
| 732 CTRL-W i Open a new window, with the cursor on the first line | |
| 733 that contains the keyword under the cursor. The | |
| 734 search starts at the beginning of the file. Lines | |
| 735 that look like a comment line are ignored (see | |
| 736 'comments' option). If a count is given, the count'th | |
| 737 matching line is jumped to, and comment lines are not | |
| 738 ignored. {not in Vi} | |
| 739 | |
| 740 *:isp* *:isplit* | |
| 741 :[range]isp[lit][!] [count] [/]pattern[/] | |
| 742 Like "CTRL-W i" and "CTRL-W i", but search in | |
| 743 [range] lines (default: whole file). | |
| 744 See |:search-args| for [/] and [!]. {not in Vi} | |
| 745 | |
| 746 *[d* | |
| 747 [d Display the first macro definition that contains the | |
| 748 macro under the cursor. The search starts from the | |
| 749 beginning of the file. If a count is given, the | |
| 750 count'th matching line is displayed. {not in Vi} | |
| 751 | |
| 752 *]d* | |
| 753 ]d like "[d", but start at the current cursor position. | |
| 754 {not in Vi} | |
| 755 | |
| 756 *:ds* *:dsearch* | |
| 757 :[range]ds[earch][!] [count] [/]string[/] | |
| 758 Like "[d" and "]d", but search in [range] lines | |
| 759 (default: whole file). | |
| 760 See |:search-args| for [/] and [!]. {not in Vi} | |
| 761 | |
| 762 *[D* | |
| 763 [D Display all macro definitions that contain the macro | |
| 764 under the cursor. Filenames and line numbers are | |
| 765 displayed for the found lines. The search starts | |
| 766 from the beginning of the file. {not in Vi} | |
| 767 | |
| 768 *]D* | |
| 769 ]D like "[D", but start at the current cursor position. | |
| 770 {not in Vi} | |
| 771 | |
| 169 | 772 *:dli* *:dlist* |
| 3224 | 773 :[range]dli[st][!] [/]string[/] |
| 7 | 774 Like "[D" and "]D", but search in [range] lines |
| 775 (default: whole file). | |
| 776 See |:search-args| for [/] and [!]. {not in Vi} | |
| 169 | 777 Note that ":dl" works like ":delete" with the "l" |
| 3224 | 778 register. |
| 7 | 779 |
| 780 *[_CTRL-D* | |
| 781 [ CTRL-D Jump to the first macro definition that contains the | |
| 782 keyword under the cursor. The search starts from | |
| 783 the beginning of the file. If a count is given, the | |
| 784 count'th matching line is jumped to. {not in Vi} | |
| 785 | |
| 786 *]_CTRL-D* | |
| 787 ] CTRL-D like "[ CTRL-D", but start at the current cursor | |
| 788 position. {not in Vi} | |
| 789 | |
| 790 *:dj* *:djump* | |
| 791 :[range]dj[ump][!] [count] [/]string[/] | |
| 792 Like "[ CTRL-D" and "] CTRL-D", but search in | |
| 793 [range] lines (default: whole file). | |
| 794 See |:search-args| for [/] and [!]. {not in Vi} | |
| 795 | |
| 796 CTRL-W CTRL-D *CTRL-W_CTRL-D* *CTRL-W_d* | |
| 797 CTRL-W d Open a new window, with the cursor on the first | |
| 798 macro definition line that contains the keyword | |
| 799 under the cursor. The search starts from the | |
| 800 beginning of the file. If a count is given, the | |
| 801 count'th matching line is jumped to. {not in Vi} | |
| 802 | |
| 803 *:dsp* *:dsplit* | |
| 804 :[range]dsp[lit][!] [count] [/]string[/] | |
| 805 Like "CTRL-W d", but search in [range] lines | |
| 806 (default: whole file). | |
| 807 See |:search-args| for [/] and [!]. {not in Vi} | |
| 808 | |
| 809 *:che* *:checkpath* | |
| 810 :che[ckpath] List all the included files that could not be found. | |
| 811 {not in Vi} | |
| 812 | |
| 813 :che[ckpath]! List all the included files. {not in Vi} | |
| 814 | |
| 815 *:search-args* | |
| 816 Common arguments for the commands above: | |
| 817 [!] When included, find matches in lines that are recognized as comments. | |
| 818 When excluded, a match is ignored when the line is recognized as a | |
| 819 comment (according to 'comments'), or the match is in a C comment (after | |
| 820 "//" or inside /* */). Note that a match may be missed if a line is | |
| 821 recognized as a comment, but the comment ends halfway the line. | |
| 822 And if the line is a comment, but it is not recognized (according to | |
| 823 'comments') a match may be found in it anyway. Example: > | |
| 824 /* comment | |
| 825 foobar */ | |
| 826 < A match for "foobar" is found, because this line is not recognized as a | |
| 827 comment (even though syntax highlighting does recognize it). | |
| 828 Note: Since a macro definition mostly doesn't look like a comment, the | |
| 829 [!] makes no difference for ":dlist", ":dsearch" and ":djump". | |
| 830 [/] A pattern can be surrounded by '/'. Without '/' only whole words are | |
| 831 matched, using the pattern "\<pattern\>". Only after the second '/' a | |
| 832 next command can be appended with '|'. Example: > | |
| 833 :isearch /string/ | echo "the last one" | |
| 834 < For a ":djump", ":dsplit", ":dlist" and ":dsearch" command the pattern | |
| 835 is used as a literal string, not as a search pattern. | |
| 836 | |
| 837 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |