Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/arabic.txt @ 5146:6ec6b7ff2d43 v7.4a
Vim 7.4a BETA release.
| author | Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Sat, 06 Jul 2013 15:44:11 +0200 |
| parents | 840c3cadb842 |
| children | 09c88160095d |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 5146 | 1 *arabic.txt* For Vim version 7.4a. Last change: 2010 Nov 13 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Nadim Shaikli | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 Arabic Language support (options & mappings) for Vim *Arabic* | |
| 8 | |
| 9 {Vi does not have any of these commands} | |
| 10 | |
| 11 *E800* | |
| 12 In order to use right-to-left and Arabic mapping support, it is | |
| 13 necessary to compile VIM with the |+arabic| feature. | |
| 14 | |
| 15 These functions have been created by Nadim Shaikli <nadim-at-arabeyes.org> | |
| 16 | |
| 17 It is best to view this file with these settings within VIM's GUI: > | |
| 18 | |
| 19 :set encoding=utf-8 | |
| 20 :set arabicshape | |
| 21 | |
| 22 | |
| 23 Introduction | |
| 24 ------------ | |
| 25 Arabic is a rather demanding language in which a number of special | |
| 26 features are required. Characters are right-to-left oriented and | |
| 237 | 27 ought to appear as such on the screen (i.e. from right to left). |
| 7 | 28 Arabic also requires shaping of its characters, meaning the same |
| 29 character has a different visual form based on its relative location | |
| 30 within a word (initial, medial, final or stand-alone). Arabic also | |
| 31 requires two different forms of combining and the ability, in | |
| 32 certain instances, to either superimpose up to two characters on top | |
| 33 of another (composing) or the actual substitution of two characters | |
| 34 into one (combining). Lastly, to display Arabic properly one will | |
| 35 require not only ISO-8859-6 (U+0600-U+06FF) fonts, but will also | |
| 36 require Presentation Form-B (U+FE70-U+FEFF) fonts both of which are | |
| 37 subsets within a so-called ISO-10646-1 font. | |
| 38 | |
| 39 The commands, prompts and help files are not in Arabic, therefore | |
| 40 the user interface remains the standard Vi interface. | |
| 41 | |
| 42 | |
| 43 Highlights | |
| 44 ---------- | |
| 45 o Editing left-to-right files as in the original VIM hasn't changed. | |
| 46 | |
| 47 o Viewing and editing files in right-to-left windows. File | |
| 48 orientation is per window, so it is possible to view the same | |
| 49 file in right-to-left and left-to-right modes, simultaneously. | |
| 50 | |
| 51 o No special terminal with right-to-left capabilities is required. | |
| 52 The right-to-left changes are completely hardware independent. | |
| 53 Only Arabic fonts are necessary. | |
| 54 | |
| 55 o Compatible with the original VIM. Almost all features work in | |
| 56 right-to-left mode (there are liable to be bugs). | |
| 57 | |
| 58 o Changing keyboard mapping and reverse insert modes using a single | |
| 59 command. | |
| 60 | |
| 61 o Toggling complete Arabic support via a single command. | |
| 62 | |
| 237 | 63 o While in Arabic mode, numbers are entered from left to right. Upon |
| 7 | 64 entering a none number character, that character will be inserted |
| 65 just into the left of the last number. | |
| 66 | |
| 67 o Arabic keymapping on the command line in reverse insert mode. | |
| 68 | |
| 69 o Proper Bidirectional functionality is possible given VIM is | |
| 70 started within a Bidi capable terminal emulator. | |
| 71 | |
| 72 | |
| 73 Arabic Fonts *arabicfonts* | |
| 74 ------------ | |
| 75 | |
| 76 VIM requires monospaced fonts of which there are many out there. | |
| 77 Arabic requires ISO-8859-6 as well as Presentation Form-B fonts | |
| 78 (without Form-B, Arabic will _NOT_ be usable). It is highly | |
| 79 recommended that users search for so-called 'ISO-10646-1' fonts. | |
| 80 Do an Internet search or check www.arabeyes.org for further | |
| 81 info on where to attain the necessary Arabic fonts. | |
| 82 | |
| 83 | |
| 84 Font Installation | |
| 85 ----------------- | |
| 86 | |
| 87 o Installation of fonts for X Window systems (Unix/Linux) | |
| 88 | |
| 89 Depending on your system, copy your_ARABIC_FONT file into a | |
| 90 directory of your choice. Change to the directory containing | |
| 91 the Arabic fonts and execute the following commands: | |
| 92 | |
| 93 % mkfontdir | |
| 94 % xset +fp path_name_of_arabic_fonts_directory | |
| 95 | |
| 96 | |
| 97 Usage | |
| 98 ----- | |
| 99 Prior to the actual usage of Arabic within VIM, a number of settings | |
| 100 need to be accounted for and invoked. | |
| 101 | |
| 102 o Setting the Arabic fonts | |
| 103 | |
| 237 | 104 + For VIM GUI set the 'guifont' to your_ARABIC_FONT. This is done |
| 7 | 105 by entering the following command in the VIM window. |
| 106 > | |
| 107 :set guifont=your_ARABIC_FONT | |
| 108 < | |
| 109 NOTE: the string 'your_ARABIC_FONT' is used to denote a complete | |
| 237 | 110 font name akin to that used in Linux/Unix systems. |
| 111 (e.g. -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--20-200-75-75-c-100-iso10646-1) | |
| 7 | 112 |
| 113 You can append the 'guifont' set command to your .vimrc file | |
| 114 in order to get the same above noted results. In other words, | |
| 115 you can include ':set guifont=your_ARABIC_FONT' to your .vimrc | |
| 116 file. | |
| 117 | |
| 118 + Under the X Window environment, you can also start VIM with | |
| 119 '-fn your_ARABIC_FONT' option. | |
| 120 | |
| 121 o Setting the appropriate character Encoding | |
| 122 To enable the correct Arabic encoding the following command needs | |
| 123 to be appended, | |
| 124 > | |
| 125 :set encoding=utf-8 | |
| 126 < | |
| 127 to your .vimrc file (entering the command manually into you VIM | |
| 128 window is highly discouraged). In short, include ':set | |
| 129 encoding=utf-8' to your .vimrc file. | |
| 130 | |
| 131 Attempts to use Arabic without UTF-8 will result the following | |
| 132 warning message, | |
| 133 | |
| 134 *W17* > | |
| 135 Arabic requires UTF-8, do ':set encoding=utf-8' | |
| 136 | |
| 137 o Enable Arabic settings [short-cut] | |
| 138 | |
| 139 In order to simplify and streamline things, you can either invoke | |
| 140 VIM with the command-line option, | |
| 141 | |
| 142 % vim -A my_utf8_arabic_file ... | |
| 143 | |
| 144 or enable 'arabic' via the following command within VIM | |
| 145 > | |
| 146 :set arabic | |
| 147 < | |
| 148 The two above noted possible invocations are the preferred manner | |
| 2642 | 149 in which users are instructed to proceed. Barring an enabled 'termbidi' |
| 7 | 150 setting, both command options: |
| 151 | |
| 152 1. set the appropriate keymap | |
| 153 2. enable the deletion of a single combined pair character | |
| 154 3. enable rightleft mode | |
| 155 4. enable rightleftcmd mode (affecting the command-line) | |
| 156 5. enable arabicshape mode (do visual character alterations) | |
| 157 | |
| 158 You may also append the command to your .vimrc file and simply | |
| 159 include ':set arabic' to it. | |
| 160 | |
| 161 You are also capable of disabling Arabic support via | |
| 162 > | |
| 163 :set noarabic | |
| 164 < | |
| 165 which resets everything that the command had enabled without touching | |
| 166 the global settings as they could affect other possible open buffers. | |
| 167 In short the 'noarabic' command, | |
| 168 | |
| 169 1. resets to the alternate keymap | |
| 170 2. disables the deletion of a single combined pair character | |
| 171 3. disables rightleft mode | |
| 172 | |
| 173 NOTE: the 'arabic' command takes into consideration 'termbidi' for | |
| 174 possible external bi-directional (bidi) support from the | |
| 175 terminal ("mlterm" for instance offers such support). | |
| 176 'termbidi', if available, is superior to rightleft support | |
| 177 and its support is preferred due to its level of offerings. | |
| 178 'arabic' when 'termbidi' is enabled only sets the keymap. | |
| 179 | |
| 180 If, on the other hand, you'd like to be verbose and explicit and | |
| 181 are opting not to use the 'arabic' short-cut command, here's what | |
| 237 | 182 is needed (i.e. if you use ':set arabic' you can skip this section) - |
| 7 | 183 |
| 184 + Arabic Keymapping Activation | |
| 185 | |
| 237 | 186 To activate the Arabic keymap (i.e. to remap your English/Latin |
| 7 | 187 keyboard to look-n-feel like a standard Arabic one), set the |
| 188 'keymap' command to "arabic". This is done by entering | |
| 189 > | |
| 190 :set keymap=arabic | |
| 191 < | |
| 192 in your VIM window. You can also append the 'keymap' set command to | |
| 193 your .vimrc file. In other words, you can include ':set keymap=arabic' | |
| 194 to your .vimrc file. | |
| 195 | |
| 196 To turn toggle (or switch) your keymapping between Arabic and the | |
| 197 default mapping (English), it is advised that users use the 'CTRL-^' | |
| 198 key press while in insert (or add/replace) mode. The command-line | |
| 199 will display your current mapping by displaying an "Arabic" string | |
| 237 | 200 next to your insertion mode (e.g. -- INSERT Arabic --) indicating |
| 7 | 201 your current keymap. |
| 202 | |
| 203 + Arabic deletion of a combined pair character | |
| 204 | |
| 205 By default VIM has the 'delcombine' option disabled. This option | |
| 206 allows the deletion of ALEF in a LAM_ALEF (LAA) combined character | |
| 237 | 207 and still retain the LAM (i.e. it reverts to treating the combined |
| 7 | 208 character as its natural two characters form -- this also pertains |
| 209 to harakat and their combined forms). You can enable this option | |
| 210 by entering | |
| 211 > | |
| 212 :set delcombine | |
| 213 < | |
| 214 in our VIM window. You can also append the 'delcombine' set command | |
| 215 to your .vimrc file. In other words, you can include ':set delcombine' | |
| 216 to your .vimrc file. | |
| 217 | |
| 218 + Arabic right-to-left Mode | |
| 219 | |
| 220 By default VIM starts in Left-to-right mode. 'rightleft' is the | |
| 221 command that allows one to alter a window's orientation - that can | |
| 222 be accomplished via, | |
| 223 | |
| 224 - Toggling between left-to-right and right-to-left modes is | |
| 225 accomplished through ':set rightleft' and ':set norightleft'. | |
| 226 | |
| 227 - While in Left-to-right mode, enter ':set rl' in the command line | |
| 228 ('rl' is the abbreviation for rightleft). | |
| 229 | |
| 237 | 230 - Put the ':set rl' line in your '.vimrc' file to start Vim in |
| 7 | 231 right-to-left mode permanently. |
| 232 | |
| 233 + Arabic right-to-left command-line Mode | |
| 234 | |
| 235 For certain commands the editing can be done in right-to-left mode. | |
| 236 Currently this is only applicable to search commands. | |
| 237 | |
| 238 This is controlled with the 'rightleftcmd' option. The default is | |
| 239 "search", which means that windows in which 'rightleft' is set will | |
| 240 edit search commands in right-left mode. To disable this behavior, | |
| 241 > | |
| 242 :set rightleftcmd= | |
| 243 < | |
| 244 To enable right-left editing of search commands again, | |
| 245 > | |
| 246 :set rightleftcmd& | |
| 247 < | |
| 248 + Arabic Shaping Mode | |
| 249 | |
| 250 To activate the required visual characters alterations (shaping, | |
| 251 composing, combining) which the Arabic language requires, enable | |
| 252 the 'arabicshape' command. This is done by entering | |
| 253 > | |
| 254 :set arabicshape | |
| 255 < | |
| 256 in our VIM window. You can also append the 'arabicshape' set | |
| 257 command to your .vimrc file. In other words, you can include | |
| 258 ':set arabicshape' to your .vimrc file. | |
| 259 | |
| 260 | |
| 261 Keymap/Keyboard *arabickeymap* | |
| 262 --------------- | |
| 263 | |
| 264 The character/letter encoding used in VIM is the standard UTF-8. | |
| 265 It is widely discouraged that any other encoding be used or even | |
| 266 attempted. | |
| 267 | |
| 268 Note: UTF-8 is an all encompassing encoding and as such is | |
| 269 the only supported (and encouraged) encoding with | |
| 270 regard to Arabic (all other proprietary encodings | |
| 271 should be discouraged and frowned upon). | |
| 272 | |
| 273 o Keyboard | |
| 274 | |
| 275 + CTRL-^ in insert/replace mode toggles between Arabic/Latin mode | |
| 276 | |
| 277 + Keyboard mapping is based on the Microsoft's Arabic keymap (the | |
|
2409
0ca06a92adfb
Add support for horizontal scroll wheel. (Bjorn Winckler)
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2345
diff
changeset
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278 de facto standard in the Arab world): |
| 7 | 279 |
| 280 +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | |
| 281 |! |@ |# |$ |% |^ |& |* |( |) |_ |+ || |~ ّ | | |
| 282 |1 ١ |2 ٢ |3 ٣ |4 ٤ |5 ٥ |6 ٦ |7 ٧ |8 ٨ |9 ٩ |0 ٠ |- |= |\ |` ذ | | |
| 283 +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | |
| 284 |Q َ |W ً |E ُ |R ٌ |T لإ |Y إ |U ` |I ÷ |O x |P ؛ |{ < |} > | | |
| 285 |q ض |w ص |e ث |r ق |t ف |y غ |u ع |i ه |o خ |p ح |[ ج |] د | | |
| 286 +-----------------------------------------------------------+ | |
| 287 |A ِ |S ٍ |D [ |F ] |G لأ |H أ |J ـ |K ، |L / |: |" | | |
| 288 |a ش |s س |d ي |f ب |g ل |h ا |j ت |k ن |l م |; ك |' ط | | |
| 289 +------------------------------------------------------+ | |
| 290 |Z ~ |X ْ |C { |V } |B لآ |N آ |M ' |< , |> . |? ؟ | | |
| 291 |z ئ |x ء |c ؤ |v ر |b لا |n ى |m ة |, و |. ز |/ ظ | | |
| 292 +-------------------------------------------------+ | |
| 293 | |
| 294 Restrictions | |
| 295 ------------ | |
| 296 | |
| 297 o VIM in its GUI form does not currently support Bi-directionality | |
| 237 | 298 (i.e. the ability to see both Arabic and Latin intermixed within |
| 7 | 299 the same line). |
| 300 | |
| 301 | |
| 302 Known Bugs | |
| 303 ---------- | |
| 304 | |
| 305 There is one known minor bug, | |
| 306 | |
| 237 | 307 1. If you insert a haraka (e.g. Fatha (U+064E)) after a LAM (U+0644) |
| 7 | 308 and then insert an ALEF (U+0627), the appropriate combining will |
| 309 not happen due to the sandwiched haraka resulting in something | |
| 310 that will NOT be displayed correctly. | |
| 311 | |
| 312 WORK-AROUND: Don't include harakats between LAM and ALEF combos. | |
| 313 In general, don't anticipate to see correct visual | |
| 314 representation with regard to harakats and LAM+ALEF | |
| 315 combined characters (even those entered after both | |
| 316 characters). The problem noted is strictly a visual | |
| 317 one, meaning saving such a file will contain all the | |
| 318 appropriate info/encodings - nothing is lost. | |
| 319 | |
| 320 No other bugs are known to exist. | |
| 321 | |
| 322 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |