Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/if_perl.txt @ 17437:5f71f12bdb8c
Added tag v8.1.1716 for changeset e1b5c15f5fee70aaa68aa8286030cf713a403aee
| author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
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| date | Fri, 19 Jul 2019 23:30:05 +0200 |
| parents | 0e473e9e70c2 |
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1 *if_perl.txt* For Vim version 8.1. Last change: 2019 May 05 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Sven Verdoolaege | |
| 5 and Matt Gerassimof | |
| 6 | |
| 7 Perl and Vim *perl* *Perl* | |
| 8 | |
| 9 1. Editing Perl files |perl-editing| | |
| 11473 | 10 2. Compiling Vim with Perl interface |perl-compiling| |
| 7 | 11 3. Using the Perl interface |perl-using| |
| 557 | 12 4. Dynamic loading |perl-dynamic| |
| 7 | 13 |
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14 {only available when Vim was compiled with the |+perl| feature} |
| 7 | 15 |
| 16 ============================================================================== | |
| 17 1. Editing Perl files *perl-editing* | |
| 18 | |
| 19 Vim syntax highlighting supports Perl and POD files. Vim assumes a file is | |
| 236 | 20 Perl code if the filename has a .pl or .pm suffix. Vim also examines the first |
| 7 | 21 line of a file, regardless of the filename suffix, to check if a file is a |
| 22 Perl script (see scripts.vim in Vim's syntax directory). Vim assumes a file | |
| 23 is POD text if the filename has a .POD suffix. | |
| 24 | |
| 25 To use tags with Perl, you need a recent version of Exuberant ctags. Look | |
| 26 here: | |
| 27 http://ctags.sourceforge.net | |
| 28 | |
| 29 Alternatively, you can use the Perl script pltags.pl, which is shipped with | |
| 30 Vim in the $VIMRUNTIME/tools directory. This script has currently more | |
| 31 features than Exuberant ctags' Perl support. | |
| 32 | |
| 33 ============================================================================== | |
| 11473 | 34 2. Compiling Vim with Perl interface *perl-compiling* |
| 7 | 35 |
| 36 To compile Vim with Perl interface, you need Perl 5.004 (or later). Perl must | |
| 37 be installed before you compile Vim. Vim's Perl interface does NOT work with | |
| 38 the 5.003 version that has been officially released! It will probably work | |
| 39 with Perl 5.003_05 and later. | |
| 40 | |
| 41 The Perl patches for Vim were made by: | |
| 42 Sven Verdoolaege <skimo@breughel.ufsia.ac.be> | |
| 43 Matt Gerassimof | |
| 44 | |
| 14432 | 45 Perl for MS-Windows (and other platforms) can be found at: |
| 15033 | 46 http://www.perl.org/ |
| 47 The ActiveState one should work, Strawberry Perl is a good alternative. | |
| 7 | 48 |
| 49 ============================================================================== | |
| 50 3. Using the Perl interface *perl-using* | |
| 51 | |
| 52 *:perl* *:pe* | |
| 236 | 53 :pe[rl] {cmd} Execute Perl command {cmd}. The current package |
| 3750 | 54 is "main". Simple example to test if `:perl` is |
| 55 working: > | |
| 56 :perl VIM::Msg("Hello") | |
| 7 | 57 |
| 58 :pe[rl] << {endpattern} | |
| 59 {script} | |
| 60 {endpattern} | |
| 61 Execute Perl script {script}. | |
| 62 {endpattern} must NOT be preceded by any white space. | |
| 63 If {endpattern} is omitted, it defaults to a dot '.' | |
| 64 like for the |:append| and |:insert| commands. Using | |
| 65 '.' helps when inside a function, because "$i;" looks | |
| 66 like the start of an |:insert| command to Vim. | |
| 67 This form of the |:perl| command is mainly useful for | |
| 68 including perl code in vim scripts. | |
| 69 Note: This command doesn't work when the Perl feature | |
| 70 wasn't compiled in. To avoid errors, see | |
| 71 |script-here|. | |
| 72 | |
| 73 | |
| 74 Example vim script: > | |
| 75 | |
| 76 function! WhitePearl() | |
| 77 perl << EOF | |
| 78 VIM::Msg("pearls are nice for necklaces"); | |
| 79 VIM::Msg("rubys for rings"); | |
| 80 VIM::Msg("pythons for bags"); | |
| 81 VIM::Msg("tcls????"); | |
| 82 EOF | |
| 83 endfunction | |
| 84 < | |
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85 To see what version of Perl you have: > |
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86 :perl print $^V |
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87 < |
| 7 | 88 |
| 89 *:perldo* *:perld* | |
| 90 :[range]perld[o] {cmd} Execute Perl command {cmd} for each line in the | |
| 91 [range], with $_ being set to the text of each line in | |
| 236 | 92 turn, without a trailing <EOL>. Setting $_ will change |
| 7 | 93 the text, but note that it is not possible to add or |
| 94 delete lines using this command. | |
| 95 The default for [range] is the whole file: "1,$". | |
| 96 | |
| 97 Here are some things you can try: > | |
| 98 | |
| 99 :perl $a=1 | |
| 100 :perldo $_ = reverse($_);1 | |
| 101 :perl VIM::Msg("hello") | |
| 102 :perl $line = $curbuf->Get(42) | |
| 103 < | |
| 104 *E299* | |
| 105 Executing Perl commands in the |sandbox| is limited. ":perldo" will not be | |
| 106 possible at all. ":perl" will be evaluated in the Safe environment, if | |
| 107 possible. | |
| 108 | |
| 109 | |
| 110 *perl-overview* | |
| 111 Here is an overview of the functions that are available to Perl: > | |
| 112 | |
| 113 :perl VIM::Msg("Text") # displays a message | |
| 12968 | 114 :perl VIM::Msg("Wrong!", "ErrorMsg") # displays an error message |
| 7 | 115 :perl VIM::Msg("remark", "Comment") # displays a highlighted message |
| 116 :perl VIM::SetOption("ai") # sets a vim option | |
| 117 :perl $nbuf = VIM::Buffers() # returns the number of buffers | |
| 118 :perl @buflist = VIM::Buffers() # returns array of all buffers | |
| 119 :perl $mybuf = (VIM::Buffers('qq.c'))[0] # returns buffer object for 'qq.c' | |
| 120 :perl @winlist = VIM::Windows() # returns array of all windows | |
| 121 :perl $nwin = VIM::Windows() # returns the number of windows | |
| 122 :perl ($success, $v) = VIM::Eval('&path') # $v: option 'path', $success: 1 | |
| 123 :perl ($success, $v) = VIM::Eval('&xyz') # $v: '' and $success: 0 | |
| 124 :perl $v = VIM::Eval('expand("<cfile>")') # expands <cfile> | |
| 125 :perl $curwin->SetHeight(10) # sets the window height | |
| 126 :perl @pos = $curwin->Cursor() # returns (row, col) array | |
| 127 :perl @pos = (10, 10) | |
| 128 :perl $curwin->Cursor(@pos) # sets cursor to @pos | |
| 129 :perl $curwin->Cursor(10,10) # sets cursor to row 10 col 10 | |
| 130 :perl $mybuf = $curwin->Buffer() # returns the buffer object for window | |
| 131 :perl $curbuf->Name() # returns buffer name | |
| 132 :perl $curbuf->Number() # returns buffer number | |
| 133 :perl $curbuf->Count() # returns the number of lines | |
| 134 :perl $l = $curbuf->Get(10) # returns line 10 | |
| 135 :perl @l = $curbuf->Get(1 .. 5) # returns lines 1 through 5 | |
| 136 :perl $curbuf->Delete(10) # deletes line 10 | |
| 137 :perl $curbuf->Delete(10, 20) # delete lines 10 through 20 | |
| 138 :perl $curbuf->Append(10, "Line") # appends a line | |
| 139 :perl $curbuf->Append(10, "Line1", "Line2", "Line3") # appends 3 lines | |
| 140 :perl @l = ("L1", "L2", "L3") | |
| 141 :perl $curbuf->Append(10, @l) # appends L1, L2 and L3 | |
| 142 :perl $curbuf->Set(10, "Line") # replaces line 10 | |
| 143 :perl $curbuf->Set(10, "Line1", "Line2") # replaces lines 10 and 11 | |
| 144 :perl $curbuf->Set(10, @l) # replaces 3 lines | |
| 145 < | |
| 146 *perl-Msg* | |
| 147 VIM::Msg({msg}, {group}?) | |
| 148 Displays the message {msg}. The optional {group} | |
| 149 argument specifies a highlight group for Vim to use | |
| 150 for the message. | |
| 151 | |
| 152 *perl-SetOption* | |
| 153 VIM::SetOption({arg}) Sets a vim option. {arg} can be any argument that the | |
| 154 ":set" command accepts. Note that this means that no | |
| 155 spaces are allowed in the argument! See |:set|. | |
| 156 | |
| 157 *perl-Buffers* | |
| 158 VIM::Buffers([{bn}...]) With no arguments, returns a list of all the buffers | |
| 159 in an array context or returns the number of buffers | |
| 160 in a scalar context. For a list of buffer names or | |
| 161 numbers {bn}, returns a list of the buffers matching | |
| 162 {bn}, using the same rules as Vim's internal | |
| 163 |bufname()| function. | |
| 22 | 164 WARNING: the list becomes invalid when |:bwipe| is |
| 165 used. Using it anyway may crash Vim. | |
| 7 | 166 |
| 167 *perl-Windows* | |
| 168 VIM::Windows([{wn}...]) With no arguments, returns a list of all the windows | |
| 169 in an array context or returns the number of windows | |
| 170 in a scalar context. For a list of window numbers | |
| 171 {wn}, returns a list of the windows with those | |
| 172 numbers. | |
| 22 | 173 WARNING: the list becomes invalid when a window is |
| 174 closed. Using it anyway may crash Vim. | |
| 7 | 175 |
| 176 *perl-DoCommand* | |
| 177 VIM::DoCommand({cmd}) Executes Ex command {cmd}. | |
| 178 | |
| 179 *perl-Eval* | |
| 3920 | 180 VIM::Eval({expr}) Evaluates {expr} and returns (success, value) in list |
| 181 context or just value in scalar context. | |
| 7 | 182 success=1 indicates that val contains the value of |
| 183 {expr}; success=0 indicates a failure to evaluate | |
| 184 the expression. '@x' returns the contents of register | |
| 185 x, '&x' returns the value of option x, 'x' returns the | |
| 186 value of internal |variables| x, and '$x' is equivalent | |
| 187 to perl's $ENV{x}. All |functions| accessible from | |
| 188 the command-line are valid for {expr}. | |
| 714 | 189 A |List| is turned into a string by joining the items |
| 190 and inserting line breaks. | |
| 7 | 191 |
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192 *perl-Blob* |
| 15729 | 193 VIM::Blob({expr}) Return |Blob| literal string 0zXXXX from scalar value. |
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194 |
| 7 | 195 *perl-SetHeight* |
| 196 Window->SetHeight({height}) | |
| 197 Sets the Window height to {height}, within screen | |
| 198 limits. | |
| 199 | |
| 200 *perl-GetCursor* | |
| 201 Window->Cursor({row}?, {col}?) | |
| 202 With no arguments, returns a (row, col) array for the | |
| 203 current cursor position in the Window. With {row} and | |
| 204 {col} arguments, sets the Window's cursor position to | |
| 205 {row} and {col}. Note that {col} is numbered from 0, | |
| 206 Perl-fashion, and thus is one less than the value in | |
| 207 Vim's ruler. | |
| 208 | |
| 209 Window->Buffer() *perl-Buffer* | |
| 210 Returns the Buffer object corresponding to the given | |
| 211 Window. | |
| 212 | |
| 213 *perl-Name* | |
| 214 Buffer->Name() Returns the filename for the Buffer. | |
| 215 | |
| 216 *perl-Number* | |
| 217 Buffer->Number() Returns the number of the Buffer. | |
| 218 | |
| 219 *perl-Count* | |
| 220 Buffer->Count() Returns the number of lines in the Buffer. | |
| 221 | |
| 222 *perl-Get* | |
| 223 Buffer->Get({lnum}, {lnum}?, ...) | |
| 224 Returns a text string of line {lnum} in the Buffer | |
| 236 | 225 for each {lnum} specified. An array can be passed |
| 7 | 226 with a list of {lnum}'s specified. |
| 227 | |
| 228 *perl-Delete* | |
| 229 Buffer->Delete({lnum}, {lnum}?) | |
| 230 Deletes line {lnum} in the Buffer. With the second | |
| 231 {lnum}, deletes the range of lines from the first | |
| 232 {lnum} to the second {lnum}. | |
| 233 | |
| 234 *perl-Append* | |
| 235 Buffer->Append({lnum}, {line}, {line}?, ...) | |
| 236 Appends each {line} string after Buffer line {lnum}. | |
| 237 The list of {line}s can be an array. | |
| 238 | |
| 239 *perl-Set* | |
| 240 Buffer->Set({lnum}, {line}, {line}?, ...) | |
| 241 Replaces one or more Buffer lines with specified | |
| 242 {lines}s, starting at Buffer line {lnum}. The list of | |
| 243 {line}s can be an array. If the arguments are | |
| 244 invalid, replacement does not occur. | |
| 245 | |
| 246 $main::curwin | |
| 247 The current window object. | |
| 248 | |
| 249 $main::curbuf | |
| 250 The current buffer object. | |
| 251 | |
| 252 | |
| 253 *script-here* | |
| 254 When using a script language in-line, you might want to skip this when the | |
| 255 language isn't supported. But this mechanism doesn't work: > | |
| 256 if has('perl') | |
| 257 perl << EOF | |
| 258 this will NOT work! | |
| 259 EOF | |
| 260 endif | |
| 261 Instead, put the Perl/Python/Ruby/etc. command in a function and call that | |
| 262 function: > | |
| 263 if has('perl') | |
| 264 function DefPerl() | |
| 265 perl << EOF | |
| 266 this works | |
| 267 EOF | |
| 268 endfunction | |
| 269 call DefPerl() | |
| 270 endif | |
| 271 Note that "EOF" must be at the start of the line. | |
| 272 | |
| 557 | 273 ============================================================================== |
| 274 4. Dynamic loading *perl-dynamic* | |
| 275 | |
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276 On MS-Windows and Unix the Perl library can be loaded dynamically. The |
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277 |:version| output then includes |+perl/dyn|. |
| 557 | 278 |
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279 This means that Vim will search for the Perl DLL or shared library file only |
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280 when needed. When you don't use the Perl interface you don't need it, thus |
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281 you can use Vim without this file. |
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282 |
| 557 | 283 |
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284 MS-Windows ~ |
| 557 | 285 |
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286 You can download Perl from http://www.perl.org. The one from ActiveState was |
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287 used for building Vim. |
| 557 | 288 |
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289 To use the Perl interface the Perl DLL must be in your search path. |
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290 If Vim reports it cannot find the perl512.dll, make sure your $PATH includes |
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291 the directory where it is located. The Perl installer normally does that. |
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292 In a console window type "path" to see what directories are used. The |
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293 'perldll' option can be also used to specify the Perl DLL. |
| 557 | 294 |
| 295 The name of the DLL must match the Perl version Vim was compiled with. | |
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296 Currently the name is "perl512.dll". That is for Perl 5.12. To know for |
| 557 | 297 sure edit "gvim.exe" and search for "perl\d*.dll\c". |
| 298 | |
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299 |
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300 Unix ~ |
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301 |
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302 The 'perldll' option can be used to specify the Perl shared library file |
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303 instead of DYNAMIC_PERL_DLL file what was specified at compile time. The |
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304 version of the shared library must match the Perl version Vim was compiled |
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305 with. |
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306 |
| 557 | 307 ============================================================================== |
| 14421 | 308 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |