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patch 8.1.1069: source README file doesn't look nice on github commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/8ac8a77f24098b58316bbfdf2f6c2c3f7f2b35c2 Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> Date: Fri Mar 29 13:10:08 2019 +0100 patch 8.1.1069: source README file doesn't look nice on github Problem: Source README file doesn't look nice on github. Solution: Turn it into markdown, still readable as plain text. (WenxuanHuang, closes #4141)
author Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
date Fri, 29 Mar 2019 13:15:05 +0100
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children e12336bb8ced
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16129
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1 ![Vim Logo](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/runtime/vimlogo.gif)
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2
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3 # Vim source code #
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4
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5 Here are a few hints for finding your way around the source code. This
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6 doesn't make it less complex than it is, but it gets you started.
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7
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8 You might also want to read
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9 [`:help development`](http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/develop.html#development).
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10
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11
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12 ## Jumping around ##
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13
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14 First of all, use `:make tags` to generate a tags file, so that you can jump
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15 around in the source code.
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16
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17 To jump to a function or variable definition, move the cursor on the name and
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18 use the `CTRL-]` command. Use `CTRL-T` or `CTRL-O` to jump back.
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19
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20 To jump to a file, move the cursor on its name and use the `gf` command.
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22 Most code can be found in a file with an obvious name (incomplete list):
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23
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24 File name | Description
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25 --------- | -----------
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26 autocmd.c | autocommands
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27 buffer.c | manipulating buffers (loaded files)
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28 diff.c | diff mode (vimdiff)
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29 eval.c | expression evaluation
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30 fileio.c | reading and writing files
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31 findfile.c | search for files in 'path'
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32 fold.c | folding
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33 getchar.c | getting characters and key mapping
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34 indent.c | C and Lisp indentation
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35 mark.c | marks
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36 mbyte.c | multi-byte character handling
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37 memfile.c | storing lines for buffers in a swapfile
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38 memline.c | storing lines for buffers in memory
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39 menu.c | menus
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40 message.c | (error) messages
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41 ops.c | handling operators ("d", "y", "p")
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42 option.c | options
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43 quickfix.c | quickfix commands (":make", ":cn")
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44 regexp.c | pattern matching
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45 screen.c | updating the windows
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46 search.c | pattern searching
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47 sign.c | signs
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48 spell.c | spell checking
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49 syntax.c | syntax and other highlighting
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50 tag.c | tags
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51 term.c | terminal handling, termcap codes
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52 undo.c | undo and redo
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53 window.c | handling split windows
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54
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55
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56 ## Debugging ##
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57
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58 If you have a reasonable recent version of gdb, you can use the `:Termdebug`
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59 command to debug Vim. See `:help :Termdebug`.
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60
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61 When something is time critical or stepping through code is a hassle, use the
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62 channel logging to create a time-stamped log file. Add lines to the code like
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63 this:
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64
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65 ch_log(NULL, "Value is now %02x", value);
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66
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67 After compiling and starting Vim, do:
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68
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69 :call ch_logfile('debuglog', 'w')
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70
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71 And edit `debuglog` to see what happens. The channel functions already have
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72 `ch_log()` calls, thus you always see that in the log.
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73
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74
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75 ## Important Variables ##
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76
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77 The current mode is stored in `State`. The values it can have are `NORMAL`,
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78 `INSERT`, `CMDLINE`, and a few others.
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79
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80 The current window is `curwin`. The current buffer is `curbuf`. These point
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81 to structures with the cursor position in the window, option values, the file
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82 name, etc. These are defined in
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83 [`structs.h`](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/src/globals.h).
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84
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85 All the global variables are declared in
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86 [`globals.h`](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/src/structs.h).
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87
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88
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89 ## The main loop ##
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90
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91 This is conveniently called `main_loop()`. It updates a few things and then
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92 calls `normal_cmd()` to process a command. This returns when the command is
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93 finished.
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94
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95 The basic idea is that Vim waits for the user to type a character and
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96 processes it until another character is needed. Thus there are several places
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97 where Vim waits for a character to be typed. The `vgetc()` function is used
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98 for this. It also handles mapping.
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99
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100 Updating the screen is mostly postponed until a command or a sequence of
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101 commands has finished. The work is done by `update_screen()`, which calls
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102 `win_update()` for every window, which calls `win_line()` for every line.
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103 See the start of
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104 [`screen.c`](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/src/screen.c)
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105 for more explanations.
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106
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107
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108 ## Command-line mode ##
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109
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110 When typing a `:`, `normal_cmd()` will call `getcmdline()` to obtain a line
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111 with an Ex command. `getcmdline()` contains a loop that will handle each typed
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112 character. It returns when hitting `CR` or `Esc` or some other character that
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113 ends the command line mode.
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114
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115
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116 ## Ex commands ##
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117
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118 Ex commands are handled by the function `do_cmdline()`. It does the generic
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119 parsing of the `:` command line and calls `do_one_cmd()` for each separate
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120 command. It also takes care of while loops.
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121
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122 `do_one_cmd()` parses the range and generic arguments and puts them in the
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123 `exarg_t` and passes it to the function that handles the command.
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124
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125 The `:` commands are listed in `ex_cmds.h`. The third entry of each item is
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126 the name of the function that handles the command. The last entry are the
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127 flags that are used for the command.
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128
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129
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130 ## Normal mode commands ##
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131
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132 The Normal mode commands are handled by the `normal_cmd()` function. It also
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133 handles the optional count and an extra character for some commands. These
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134 are passed in a `cmdarg_t` to the function that handles the command.
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135
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136 There is a table `nv_cmds` in
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137 [`normal.c`](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/src/normal.c)
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138 which lists the first character of every command. The second entry of each
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139 item is the name of the function that handles the command.
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140
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141
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142 ## Insert mode commands ##
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143
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144 When doing an `i` or `a` command, `normal_cmd()` will call the `edit()`
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145 function. It contains a loop that waits for the next character and handles it.
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146 It returns when leaving Insert mode.
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147
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148
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149 ## Options ##
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150
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151 There is a list with all option names in
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152 [`option.c`](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/src/option.c),
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153 called `options[]`.
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154
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155
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156 ## The GUI ##
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157
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158 Most of the GUI code is implemented like it was a clever terminal. Typing a
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159 character, moving a scrollbar, clicking the mouse, etc. are all translated
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160 into events which are written in the input buffer. These are read by the
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161 main code, just like reading from a terminal. The code for this is scattered
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162 through [`gui.c`](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/src/gui.c).
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163 For example, `gui_send_mouse_event()` for a mouse click and `gui_menu_cb()` for
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164 a menu action. Key hits are handled by the system-specific GUI code, which
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165 calls `add_to_input_buf()` to send the key code.
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166
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167 Updating the GUI window is done by writing codes in the output buffer, just
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168 like writing to a terminal. When the buffer gets full or is flushed,
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169 `gui_write()` will parse the codes and draw the appropriate items. Finally the
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170 system-specific GUI code will be called to do the work.
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171
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172
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173 ## Debugging the GUI ##
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174
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175 Remember to prevent that gvim forks and the debugger thinks Vim has exited,
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176 add the `-f` argument. In gdb: `run -f -g`.
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177
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178 When stepping through display updating code, the focus event is triggered
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179 when going from the debugger to Vim and back. To avoid this, recompile with
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180 some code in `gui_focus_change()` disabled.
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181
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182
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183 ## Contributing ##
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184
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185 If you would like to help making Vim better, see the
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186 [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
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187 file.
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188
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189
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190 This is `README.md` for version 8.1 of the Vim source code.