Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/map.txt @ 21072:42e2fb7ec6e1
patch 8.2.1087: possible memory leak when file expansion fails
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/566cc8c72bb8036f015a435800f28ef9f6a9a3b6
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Mon Jun 29 21:14:51 2020 +0200
patch 8.2.1087: possible memory leak when file expansion fails
Problem: Possible memory leak when file expansion fails.
Solution: Clear the grow array when returning FAIL. Use an error message
instead of an empty string.
| author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Mon, 29 Jun 2020 21:15:03 +0200 |
| parents | 56265f711890 |
| children | 3a1ed539ae2a |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 20241 | 1 *map.txt* For Vim version 8.2. Last change: 2020 Apr 23 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 Key mapping, abbreviations and user-defined commands. | |
| 8 | |
| 9 This subject is introduced in sections |05.3|, |24.7| and |40.1| of the user | |
| 10 manual. | |
| 11 | |
| 12 1. Key mapping |key-mapping| | |
| 592 | 13 1.1 MAP COMMANDS |:map-commands| |
| 14 1.2 Special arguments |:map-arguments| | |
| 15 1.3 Mapping and modes |:map-modes| | |
| 16 1.4 Listing mappings |map-listing| | |
| 17 1.5 Mapping special keys |:map-special-keys| | |
| 18 1.6 Special characters |:map-special-chars| | |
| 19 1.7 What keys to map |map-which-keys| | |
| 20 1.8 Examples |map-examples| | |
| 21 1.9 Using mappings |map-typing| | |
| 22 1.10 Mapping alt-keys |:map-alt-keys| | |
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23 1.11 Mapping in modifyOtherKeys mode |modifyOtherKeys| |
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24 1.12 Mapping an operator |:map-operator| |
| 7 | 25 2. Abbreviations |abbreviations| |
| 26 3. Local mappings and functions |script-local| | |
| 27 4. User-defined commands |user-commands| | |
| 28 | |
| 29 ============================================================================== | |
| 30 1. Key mapping *key-mapping* *mapping* *macro* | |
| 31 | |
| 32 Key mapping is used to change the meaning of typed keys. The most common use | |
| 12559 | 33 is to define a sequence of commands for a function key. Example: > |
| 7 | 34 |
| 35 :map <F2> a<C-R>=strftime("%c")<CR><Esc> | |
| 36 | |
| 236 | 37 This appends the current date and time after the cursor (in <> notation |<>|). |
| 7 | 38 |
| 592 | 39 |
| 40 1.1 MAP COMMANDS *:map-commands* | |
| 41 | |
| 7 | 42 There are commands to enter new mappings, remove mappings and list mappings. |
| 43 See |map-overview| for the various forms of "map" and their relationships with | |
| 44 modes. | |
| 45 | |
| 46 {lhs} means left-hand-side *{lhs}* | |
| 47 {rhs} means right-hand-side *{rhs}* | |
| 48 | |
| 663 | 49 :map {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-nvo| *:map* |
| 50 :nm[ap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-n| *:nm* *:nmap* | |
| 51 :vm[ap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-v| *:vm* *:vmap* | |
| 788 | 52 :xm[ap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-x| *:xm* *:xmap* |
| 4358 | 53 :smap {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-s| *:smap* |
| 663 | 54 :om[ap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-o| *:om* *:omap* |
| 55 :map! {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-ic| *:map!* | |
| 56 :im[ap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-i| *:im* *:imap* | |
| 16944 | 57 :lm[ap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-l| *:lm* *:lma* *:lmap* |
| 663 | 58 :cm[ap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-c| *:cm* *:cmap* |
| 12499 | 59 :tma[p] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-t| *:tma* *:tmap* |
| 7 | 60 Map the key sequence {lhs} to {rhs} for the modes |
| 61 where the map command applies. The result, including | |
| 62 {rhs}, is then further scanned for mappings. This | |
| 63 allows for nested and recursive use of mappings. | |
| 64 | |
| 5968 | 65 *:nore* *:norem* |
| 66 :no[remap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-nvo| *:no* *:noremap* *:nor* | |
| 67 :nn[oremap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-n| *:nn* *:nnoremap* | |
| 68 :vn[oremap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-v| *:vn* *:vnoremap* | |
| 69 :xn[oremap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-x| *:xn* *:xnoremap* | |
| 16944 | 70 :snor[emap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-s| *:snor* *:snore* *:snoremap* |
| 5968 | 71 :ono[remap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-o| *:ono* *:onoremap* |
| 72 :no[remap]! {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-ic| *:no!* *:noremap!* | |
| 16944 | 73 :ino[remap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-i| *:ino* *:inor* *:inoremap* |
| 5968 | 74 :ln[oremap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-l| *:ln* *:lnoremap* |
| 16944 | 75 :cno[remap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-c| *:cno* *:cnor* *:cnoremap* |
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76 :tno[remap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-t| *:tno* *:tnoremap* |
| 7 | 77 Map the key sequence {lhs} to {rhs} for the modes |
| 78 where the map command applies. Disallow mapping of | |
| 79 {rhs}, to avoid nested and recursive mappings. Often | |
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80 used to redefine a command. |
| 7 | 81 |
| 82 | |
| 663 | 83 :unm[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-nvo| *:unm* *:unmap* |
| 84 :nun[map] {lhs} |mapmode-n| *:nun* *:nunmap* | |
| 85 :vu[nmap] {lhs} |mapmode-v| *:vu* *:vunmap* | |
| 788 | 86 :xu[nmap] {lhs} |mapmode-x| *:xu* *:xunmap* |
| 87 :sunm[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-s| *:sunm* *:sunmap* | |
| 663 | 88 :ou[nmap] {lhs} |mapmode-o| *:ou* *:ounmap* |
| 89 :unm[ap]! {lhs} |mapmode-ic| *:unm!* *:unmap!* | |
| 90 :iu[nmap] {lhs} |mapmode-i| *:iu* *:iunmap* | |
| 91 :lu[nmap] {lhs} |mapmode-l| *:lu* *:lunmap* | |
| 16944 | 92 :cu[nmap] {lhs} |mapmode-c| *:cu* *:cun* *:cunmap* |
| 12499 | 93 :tunma[p] {lhs} |mapmode-t| *:tunma* *:tunmap* |
| 7 | 94 Remove the mapping of {lhs} for the modes where the |
| 95 map command applies. The mapping may remain defined | |
| 96 for other modes where it applies. | |
| 97 Note: Trailing spaces are included in the {lhs}. This | |
| 98 unmap does NOT work: > | |
| 99 :map @@ foo | |
| 100 :unmap @@ | print | |
| 101 | |
| 663 | 102 :mapc[lear] |mapmode-nvo| *:mapc* *:mapclear* |
| 103 :nmapc[lear] |mapmode-n| *:nmapc* *:nmapclear* | |
| 104 :vmapc[lear] |mapmode-v| *:vmapc* *:vmapclear* | |
| 788 | 105 :xmapc[lear] |mapmode-x| *:xmapc* *:xmapclear* |
| 106 :smapc[lear] |mapmode-s| *:smapc* *:smapclear* | |
| 663 | 107 :omapc[lear] |mapmode-o| *:omapc* *:omapclear* |
| 108 :mapc[lear]! |mapmode-ic| *:mapc!* *:mapclear!* | |
| 109 :imapc[lear] |mapmode-i| *:imapc* *:imapclear* | |
| 110 :lmapc[lear] |mapmode-l| *:lmapc* *:lmapclear* | |
| 111 :cmapc[lear] |mapmode-c| *:cmapc* *:cmapclear* | |
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112 :tmapc[lear] |mapmode-t| *:tmapc* *:tmapclear* |
| 7 | 113 Remove ALL mappings for the modes where the map |
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114 command applies. |
| 2908 | 115 Use the <buffer> argument to remove buffer-local |
| 116 mappings |:map-<buffer>| | |
| 7 | 117 Warning: This also removes the default mappings. |
| 118 | |
| 663 | 119 :map |mapmode-nvo| |
| 120 :nm[ap] |mapmode-n| | |
| 121 :vm[ap] |mapmode-v| | |
| 788 | 122 :xm[ap] |mapmode-x| |
| 123 :sm[ap] |mapmode-s| | |
| 663 | 124 :om[ap] |mapmode-o| |
| 125 :map! |mapmode-ic| | |
| 126 :im[ap] |mapmode-i| | |
| 127 :lm[ap] |mapmode-l| | |
| 128 :cm[ap] |mapmode-c| | |
| 12499 | 129 :tma[p] |mapmode-t| |
| 7 | 130 List all key mappings for the modes where the map |
| 131 command applies. Note that ":map" and ":map!" are | |
| 132 used most often, because they include the other modes. | |
| 133 | |
| 663 | 134 :map {lhs} |mapmode-nvo| *:map_l* |
| 135 :nm[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-n| *:nmap_l* | |
| 136 :vm[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-v| *:vmap_l* | |
| 788 | 137 :xm[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-x| *:xmap_l* |
| 138 :sm[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-s| *:smap_l* | |
| 663 | 139 :om[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-o| *:omap_l* |
| 140 :map! {lhs} |mapmode-ic| *:map_l!* | |
| 141 :im[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-i| *:imap_l* | |
| 142 :lm[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-l| *:lmap_l* | |
| 143 :cm[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-c| *:cmap_l* | |
| 12499 | 144 :tma[p] {lhs} |mapmode-t| *:tmap_l* |
| 7 | 145 List the key mappings for the key sequences starting |
| 146 with {lhs} in the modes where the map command applies. | |
| 147 | |
| 148 These commands are used to map a key or key sequence to a string of | |
| 149 characters. You can use this to put command sequences under function keys, | |
| 150 translate one key into another, etc. See |:mkexrc| for how to save and | |
| 151 restore the current mappings. | |
| 152 | |
| 592 | 153 *map-ambiguous* |
| 154 When two mappings start with the same sequence of characters, they are | |
| 155 ambiguous. Example: > | |
| 156 :imap aa foo | |
| 157 :imap aaa bar | |
| 158 When Vim has read "aa", it will need to get another character to be able to | |
| 159 decide if "aa" or "aaa" should be mapped. This means that after typing "aa" | |
| 160 that mapping won't get expanded yet, Vim is waiting for another character. | |
| 161 If you type a space, then "foo" will get inserted, plus the space. If you | |
| 162 type "a", then "bar" will get inserted. | |
| 163 | |
| 164 | |
| 165 1.2 SPECIAL ARGUMENTS *:map-arguments* | |
| 166 | |
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167 "<buffer>", "<nowait>", "<silent>", "<special>", "<script>", "<expr>" and |
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168 "<unique>" can be used in any order. They must appear right after the |
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169 command, before any other arguments. |
| 721 | 170 |
| 7 | 171 *:map-local* *:map-<buffer>* *E224* *E225* |
| 1668 | 172 If the first argument to one of these commands is "<buffer>" the mapping will |
| 173 be effective in the current buffer only. Example: > | |
| 7 | 174 :map <buffer> ,w /[.,;]<CR> |
| 175 Then you can map ",w" to something else in another buffer: > | |
| 176 :map <buffer> ,w /[#&!]<CR> | |
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177 The local buffer mappings are used before the global ones. See <nowait> below |
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178 to make a short local mapping not taking effect when a longer global one |
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179 exists. |
| 7 | 180 The "<buffer>" argument can also be used to clear mappings: > |
| 181 :unmap <buffer> ,w | |
| 182 :mapclear <buffer> | |
| 183 Local mappings are also cleared when a buffer is deleted, but not when it is | |
| 184 unloaded. Just like local option values. | |
| 4869 | 185 Also see |map-precedence|. |
| 7 | 186 |
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187 *:map-<nowait>* *:map-nowait* |
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188 When defining a buffer-local mapping for "," there may be a global mapping |
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189 that starts with ",". Then you need to type another character for Vim to know |
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190 whether to use the "," mapping or the longer one. To avoid this add the |
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191 <nowait> argument. Then the mapping will be used when it matches, Vim does |
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192 not wait for more characters to be typed. However, if the characters were |
| 11473 | 193 already typed they are used. |
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194 |
| 7 | 195 *:map-<silent>* *:map-silent* |
| 196 To define a mapping which will not be echoed on the command line, add | |
| 197 "<silent>" as the first argument. Example: > | |
| 198 :map <silent> ,h /Header<CR> | |
| 199 The search string will not be echoed when using this mapping. Messages from | |
| 200 the executed command are still given though. To shut them up too, add a | |
| 201 ":silent" in the executed command: > | |
| 202 :map <silent> ,h :exe ":silent normal /Header\r"<CR> | |
| 203 Prompts will still be given, e.g., for inputdialog(). | |
| 204 Using "<silent>" for an abbreviation is possible, but will cause redrawing of | |
| 205 the command line to fail. | |
| 206 | |
| 859 | 207 *:map-<special>* *:map-special* |
| 208 Define a mapping with <> notation for special keys, even though the "<" flag | |
| 209 may appear in 'cpoptions'. This is useful if the side effect of setting | |
| 210 'cpoptions' is not desired. Example: > | |
| 211 :map <special> <F12> /Header<CR> | |
| 212 < | |
| 7 | 213 *:map-<script>* *:map-script* |
| 214 If the first argument to one of these commands is "<script>" and it is used to | |
| 215 define a new mapping or abbreviation, the mapping will only remap characters | |
| 216 in the {rhs} using mappings that were defined local to a script, starting with | |
| 217 "<SID>". This can be used to avoid that mappings from outside a script | |
| 218 interfere (e.g., when CTRL-V is remapped in mswin.vim), but do use other | |
| 219 mappings defined in the script. | |
| 220 Note: ":map <script>" and ":noremap <script>" do the same thing. The | |
| 221 "<script>" overrules the command name. Using ":noremap <script>" is | |
| 222 preferred, because it's clearer that remapping is (mostly) disabled. | |
| 223 | |
| 224 *:map-<unique>* *E226* *E227* | |
| 225 If the first argument to one of these commands is "<unique>" and it is used to | |
| 226 define a new mapping or abbreviation, the command will fail if the mapping or | |
| 227 abbreviation already exists. Example: > | |
| 228 :map <unique> ,w /[#&!]<CR> | |
| 229 When defining a local mapping, there will also be a check if a global map | |
| 230 already exists which is equal. | |
| 231 Example of what will fail: > | |
| 232 :map ,w /[#&!]<CR> | |
| 233 :map <buffer> <unique> ,w /[.,;]<CR> | |
| 626 | 234 If you want to map a key and then have it do what it was originally mapped to, |
| 235 have a look at |maparg()|. | |
| 7 | 236 |
| 721 | 237 *:map-<expr>* *:map-expression* |
| 238 If the first argument to one of these commands is "<expr>" and it is used to | |
| 239 define a new mapping or abbreviation, the argument is an expression. The | |
| 240 expression is evaluated to obtain the {rhs} that is used. Example: > | |
| 241 :inoremap <expr> . InsertDot() | |
| 242 The result of the InsertDot() function will be inserted. It could check the | |
| 243 text before the cursor and start omni completion when some condition is met. | |
| 244 | |
| 1969 | 245 For abbreviations |v:char| is set to the character that was typed to trigger |
| 246 the abbreviation. You can use this to decide how to expand the {lhs}. You | |
| 3082 | 247 should not either insert or change the v:char. |
| 1969 | 248 |
| 721 | 249 Be very careful about side effects! The expression is evaluated while |
| 856 | 250 obtaining characters, you may very well make the command dysfunctional. |
| 251 For this reason the following is blocked: | |
| 1132 | 252 - Changing the buffer text |textlock|. |
| 253 - Editing another buffer. | |
| 254 - The |:normal| command. | |
| 255 - Moving the cursor is allowed, but it is restored afterwards. | |
| 856 | 256 If you want the mapping to do any of these let the returned characters do |
| 257 that. | |
| 721 | 258 |
| 3153 | 259 You can use getchar(), it consumes typeahead if there is any. E.g., if you |
| 260 have these mappings: > | |
| 261 inoremap <expr> <C-L> nr2char(getchar()) | |
| 262 inoremap <expr> <C-L>x "foo" | |
| 263 If you now type CTRL-L nothing happens yet, Vim needs the next character to | |
| 264 decide what mapping to use. If you type 'x' the second mapping is used and | |
| 3224 | 265 "foo" is inserted. If you type any other key the first mapping is used, |
| 266 getchar() gets the typed key and returns it. | |
| 3153 | 267 |
| 721 | 268 Here is an example that inserts a list number that increases: > |
| 269 let counter = 0 | |
| 270 inoremap <expr> <C-L> ListItem() | |
| 271 inoremap <expr> <C-R> ListReset() | |
| 272 | |
| 273 func ListItem() | |
| 274 let g:counter += 1 | |
| 275 return g:counter . '. ' | |
| 276 endfunc | |
| 277 | |
| 278 func ListReset() | |
| 279 let g:counter = 0 | |
| 280 return '' | |
| 281 endfunc | |
| 282 | |
| 727 | 283 CTRL-L inserts the next number, CTRL-R resets the count. CTRL-R returns an |
| 721 | 284 empty string, so that nothing is inserted. |
| 7 | 285 |
| 837 | 286 Note that there are some tricks to make special keys work and escape CSI bytes |
| 287 in the text. The |:map| command also does this, thus you must avoid that it | |
| 288 is done twice. This does not work: > | |
| 289 :imap <expr> <F3> "<Char-0x611B>" | |
| 290 Because the <Char- sequence is escaped for being a |:imap| argument and then | |
| 291 again for using <expr>. This does work: > | |
| 292 :imap <expr> <F3> "\u611B" | |
| 293 Using 0x80 as a single byte before other text does not work, it will be seen | |
| 294 as a special key. | |
| 295 | |
| 7 | 296 |
| 592 | 297 1.3 MAPPING AND MODES *:map-modes* |
| 1619 | 298 *mapmode-nvo* *mapmode-n* *mapmode-v* *mapmode-o* |
| 7 | 299 |
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300 There are six sets of mappings |
| 7 | 301 - For Normal mode: When typing commands. |
| 302 - For Visual mode: When typing commands while the Visual area is highlighted. | |
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303 - For Select mode: like Visual mode but typing text replaces the selection. |
| 7 | 304 - For Operator-pending mode: When an operator is pending (after "d", "y", "c", |
| 1619 | 305 etc.). See below: |omap-info|. |
| 236 | 306 - For Insert mode. These are also used in Replace mode. |
| 7 | 307 - For Command-line mode: When entering a ":" or "/" command. |
| 308 | |
| 309 Special case: While typing a count for a command in Normal mode, mapping zero | |
| 310 is disabled. This makes it possible to map zero without making it impossible | |
| 311 to type a count with a zero. | |
| 312 | |
| 313 *map-overview* *map-modes* | |
| 5908 | 314 Overview of which map command works in which mode. More details below. |
| 315 COMMANDS MODES ~ | |
| 316 :map :noremap :unmap Normal, Visual, Select, Operator-pending | |
| 317 :nmap :nnoremap :nunmap Normal | |
| 318 :vmap :vnoremap :vunmap Visual and Select | |
| 319 :smap :snoremap :sunmap Select | |
| 320 :xmap :xnoremap :xunmap Visual | |
| 321 :omap :onoremap :ounmap Operator-pending | |
| 322 :map! :noremap! :unmap! Insert and Command-line | |
| 323 :imap :inoremap :iunmap Insert | |
| 324 :lmap :lnoremap :lunmap Insert, Command-line, Lang-Arg | |
| 325 :cmap :cnoremap :cunmap Command-line | |
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326 :tmap :tnoremap :tunmap Terminal-Job |
| 7 | 327 |
| 5908 | 328 |
| 329 COMMANDS MODES ~ | |
| 856 | 330 Normal Visual+Select Operator-pending ~ |
| 331 :map :noremap :unmap :mapclear yes yes yes | |
| 332 :nmap :nnoremap :nunmap :nmapclear yes - - | |
| 333 :vmap :vnoremap :vunmap :vmapclear - yes - | |
| 334 :omap :onoremap :ounmap :omapclear - - yes | |
| 788 | 335 |
| 826 | 336 :nunmap can also be used outside of a monastery. |
| 856 | 337 *mapmode-x* *mapmode-s* |
| 788 | 338 Some commands work both in Visual and Select mode, some in only one. Note |
| 339 that quite often "Visual" is mentioned where both Visual and Select mode | |
| 340 apply. |Select-mode-mapping| | |
|
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341 NOTE: Mapping a printable character in Select mode may confuse the user. It's |
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342 better to explicitly use :xmap and :smap for printable characters. Or use |
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343 :sunmap after defining the mapping. |
| 788 | 344 |
| 5908 | 345 COMMANDS MODES ~ |
| 856 | 346 Visual Select ~ |
| 347 :vmap :vnoremap :vunmap :vmapclear yes yes | |
| 348 :xmap :xnoremap :xunmap :xmapclear yes - | |
| 349 :smap :snoremap :sunmap :smapclear - yes | |
| 7 | 350 |
| 663 | 351 *mapmode-ic* *mapmode-i* *mapmode-c* *mapmode-l* |
| 788 | 352 Some commands work both in Insert mode and Command-line mode, some not: |
| 353 | |
| 5908 | 354 COMMANDS MODES ~ |
| 7 | 355 Insert Command-line Lang-Arg ~ |
| 356 :map! :noremap! :unmap! :mapclear! yes yes - | |
| 357 :imap :inoremap :iunmap :imapclear yes - - | |
| 358 :cmap :cnoremap :cunmap :cmapclear - yes - | |
| 359 :lmap :lnoremap :lunmap :lmapclear yes* yes* yes* | |
| 360 | |
| 18594 | 361 * If 'iminsert' is 1, see |language-mapping| below. |
| 362 | |
| 7 | 363 The original Vi did not have separate mappings for |
| 364 Normal/Visual/Operator-pending mode and for Insert/Command-line mode. | |
| 365 Therefore the ":map" and ":map!" commands enter and display mappings for | |
| 366 several modes. In Vim you can use the ":nmap", ":vmap", ":omap", ":cmap" and | |
| 367 ":imap" commands to enter mappings for each mode separately. | |
| 368 | |
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369 *mapmode-t* |
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370 The terminal mappings are used in a terminal window, when typing keys for the |
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371 job running in the terminal. See |terminal-typing|. |
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372 |
| 1619 | 373 *omap-info* |
| 374 Operator-pending mappings can be used to define a movement command that can be | |
| 14864 | 375 used with any operator. Simple example: > |
| 376 :omap { w | |
| 377 makes "y{" work like "yw" and "d{" like "dw". | |
| 1619 | 378 |
| 379 To ignore the starting cursor position and select different text, you can have | |
| 380 the omap start Visual mode to select the text to be operated upon. Example | |
| 381 that operates on a function name in the current line: > | |
| 382 onoremap <silent> F :<C-U>normal! 0f(hviw<CR> | |
| 383 The CTRL-U (<C-U>) is used to remove the range that Vim may insert. The | |
| 384 Normal mode commands find the first '(' character and select the first word | |
| 385 before it. That usually is the function name. | |
| 386 | |
| 7 | 387 To enter a mapping for Normal and Visual mode, but not Operator-pending mode, |
| 14864 | 388 first define it for all three modes, then unmap it for |
| 389 Operator-pending mode: > | |
| 7 | 390 :map xx something-difficult |
| 391 :ounmap xx | |
| 14864 | 392 |
| 7 | 393 Likewise for a mapping for Visual and Operator-pending mode or Normal and |
| 394 Operator-pending mode. | |
| 395 | |
| 396 *language-mapping* | |
| 397 ":lmap" defines a mapping that applies to: | |
| 398 - Insert mode | |
| 399 - Command-line mode | |
| 400 - when entering a search pattern | |
| 401 - the argument of the commands that accept a text character, such as "r" and | |
| 402 "f" | |
| 403 - for the input() line | |
| 404 Generally: Whenever a character is to be typed that is part of the text in the | |
| 405 buffer, not a Vim command character. "Lang-Arg" isn't really another mode, | |
| 406 it's just used here for this situation. | |
| 407 The simplest way to load a set of related language mappings is by using the | |
| 408 'keymap' option. See |45.5|. | |
| 409 In Insert mode and in Command-line mode the mappings can be disabled with | |
| 5340 | 410 the CTRL-^ command |i_CTRL-^| |c_CTRL-^|. These commands change the value of |
| 5294 | 411 the 'iminsert' option. When starting to enter a normal command line (not a |
| 412 search pattern) the mappings are disabled until a CTRL-^ is typed. The state | |
| 413 last used is remembered for Insert mode and Search patterns separately. The | |
| 414 state for Insert mode is also used when typing a character as an argument to | |
| 415 command like "f" or "t". | |
| 7 | 416 Language mappings will never be applied to already mapped characters. They |
| 417 are only used for typed characters. This assumes that the language mapping | |
| 418 was already done when typing the mapping. | |
| 419 | |
| 420 | |
| 592 | 421 1.4 LISTING MAPPINGS *map-listing* |
| 422 | |
| 7 | 423 When listing mappings the characters in the first two columns are: |
| 424 | |
| 425 CHAR MODE ~ | |
| 1132 | 426 <Space> Normal, Visual, Select and Operator-pending |
| 7 | 427 n Normal |
| 1132 | 428 v Visual and Select |
| 429 s Select | |
| 430 x Visual | |
| 7 | 431 o Operator-pending |
| 432 ! Insert and Command-line | |
| 433 i Insert | |
| 434 l ":lmap" mappings for Insert, Command-line and Lang-Arg | |
| 435 c Command-line | |
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436 t Terminal-Job |
| 7 | 437 |
| 438 Just before the {rhs} a special character can appear: | |
| 439 * indicates that it is not remappable | |
| 440 & indicates that only script-local mappings are remappable | |
| 441 @ indicates a buffer-local mapping | |
| 442 | |
| 443 Everything from the first non-blank after {lhs} up to the end of the line | |
| 444 (or '|') is considered to be part of {rhs}. This allows the {rhs} to end | |
| 445 with a space. | |
| 446 | |
| 447 Note: When using mappings for Visual mode, you can use the "'<" mark, which | |
| 448 is the start of the last selected Visual area in the current buffer |'<|. | |
| 449 | |
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450 The |:filter| command can be used to select what mappings to list. The |
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451 pattern is matched against the {lhs} and {rhs} in the raw form. |
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452 |
| 481 | 453 *:map-verbose* |
| 454 When 'verbose' is non-zero, listing a key map will also display where it was | |
| 455 last defined. Example: > | |
| 456 | |
| 457 :verbose map <C-W>* | |
| 458 n <C-W>* * <C-W><C-S>* | |
| 856 | 459 Last set from /home/abcd/.vimrc |
| 481 | 460 |
| 483 | 461 See |:verbose-cmd| for more information. |
| 481 | 462 |
| 592 | 463 |
| 464 1.5 MAPPING SPECIAL KEYS *:map-special-keys* | |
| 465 | |
| 466 There are three ways to map a special key: | |
| 467 1. The Vi-compatible method: Map the key code. Often this is a sequence that | |
| 468 starts with <Esc>. To enter a mapping like this you type ":map " and then | |
| 469 you have to type CTRL-V before hitting the function key. Note that when | |
| 470 the key code for the key is in the termcap (the t_ options), it will | |
| 471 automatically be translated into the internal code and become the second | |
| 472 way of mapping (unless the 'k' flag is included in 'cpoptions'). | |
| 473 2. The second method is to use the internal code for the function key. To | |
| 474 enter such a mapping type CTRL-K and then hit the function key, or use | |
| 475 the form "#1", "#2", .. "#9", "#0", "<Up>", "<S-Down>", "<S-F7>", etc. | |
| 476 (see table of keys |key-notation|, all keys from <Up> can be used). The | |
| 477 first ten function keys can be defined in two ways: Just the number, like | |
| 478 "#2", and with "<F>", like "<F2>". Both stand for function key 2. "#0" | |
| 479 refers to function key 10, defined with option 't_f10', which may be | |
| 480 function key zero on some keyboards. The <> form cannot be used when | |
| 481 'cpoptions' includes the '<' flag. | |
| 482 3. Use the termcap entry, with the form <t_xx>, where "xx" is the name of the | |
| 483 termcap entry. Any string entry can be used. For example: > | |
| 484 :map <t_F3> G | |
| 485 < Maps function key 13 to "G". This does not work if 'cpoptions' includes | |
| 486 the '<' flag. | |
| 487 | |
| 488 The advantage of the second and third method is that the mapping will work on | |
| 489 different terminals without modification (the function key will be | |
| 490 translated into the same internal code or the actual key code, no matter what | |
| 491 terminal you are using. The termcap must be correct for this to work, and you | |
| 492 must use the same mappings). | |
| 493 | |
| 494 DETAIL: Vim first checks if a sequence from the keyboard is mapped. If it | |
| 495 isn't the terminal key codes are tried (see |terminal-options|). If a | |
| 496 terminal code is found it is replaced with the internal code. Then the check | |
| 497 for a mapping is done again (so you can map an internal code to something | |
| 498 else). What is written into the script file depends on what is recognized. | |
| 499 If the terminal key code was recognized as a mapping the key code itself is | |
| 500 written to the script file. If it was recognized as a terminal code the | |
| 501 internal code is written to the script file. | |
| 502 | |
| 503 | |
| 504 1.6 SPECIAL CHARACTERS *:map-special-chars* | |
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505 *map_backslash* *map-backslash* |
| 7 | 506 Note that only CTRL-V is mentioned here as a special character for mappings |
| 507 and abbreviations. When 'cpoptions' does not contain 'B', a backslash can | |
| 508 also be used like CTRL-V. The <> notation can be fully used then |<>|. But | |
| 509 you cannot use "<C-V>" like CTRL-V to escape the special meaning of what | |
| 510 follows. | |
| 511 | |
| 512 To map a backslash, or use a backslash literally in the {rhs}, the special | |
| 513 sequence "<Bslash>" can be used. This avoids the need to double backslashes | |
| 514 when using nested mappings. | |
| 515 | |
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516 *map_CTRL-C* *map-CTRL-C* |
| 532 | 517 Using CTRL-C in the {lhs} is possible, but it will only work when Vim is |
| 518 waiting for a key, not when Vim is busy with something. When Vim is busy | |
| 519 CTRL-C interrupts/breaks the command. | |
| 520 When using the GUI version on MS-Windows CTRL-C can be mapped to allow a Copy | |
| 521 command to the clipboard. Use CTRL-Break to interrupt Vim. | |
| 7 | 522 |
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523 *map_space_in_lhs* *map-space_in_lhs* |
| 7 | 524 To include a space in {lhs} precede it with a CTRL-V (type two CTRL-Vs for |
| 525 each space). | |
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526 *map_space_in_rhs* *map-space_in_rhs* |
| 7 | 527 If you want a {rhs} that starts with a space, use "<Space>". To be fully Vi |
| 528 compatible (but unreadable) don't use the |<>| notation, precede {rhs} with a | |
| 529 single CTRL-V (you have to type CTRL-V two times). | |
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530 *map_empty_rhs* *map-empty-rhs* |
| 7 | 531 You can create an empty {rhs} by typing nothing after a single CTRL-V (you |
| 532 have to type CTRL-V two times). Unfortunately, you cannot do this in a vimrc | |
| 533 file. | |
| 534 *<Nop>* | |
| 2826 | 535 An easier way to get a mapping that doesn't produce anything, is to use |
| 536 "<Nop>" for the {rhs}. This only works when the |<>| notation is enabled. | |
| 537 For example, to make sure that function key 8 does nothing at all: > | |
| 7 | 538 :map <F8> <Nop> |
| 539 :map! <F8> <Nop> | |
| 540 < | |
| 592 | 541 *map-multibyte* |
| 542 It is possible to map multibyte characters, but only the whole character. You | |
| 543 cannot map the first byte only. This was done to prevent problems in this | |
| 544 scenario: > | |
| 545 :set encoding=latin1 | |
| 546 :imap <M-C> foo | |
| 547 :set encoding=utf-8 | |
| 548 The mapping for <M-C> is defined with the latin1 encoding, resulting in a 0xc3 | |
| 13857 | 549 byte. If you type the character á (0xe1 <M-a>) in UTF-8 encoding this is the |
| 2826 | 550 two bytes 0xc3 0xa1. You don't want the 0xc3 byte to be mapped then or |
| 13857 | 551 otherwise it would be impossible to type the á character. |
| 592 | 552 |
| 7 | 553 *<Leader>* *mapleader* |
| 554 To define a mapping which uses the "mapleader" variable, the special string | |
| 555 "<Leader>" can be used. It is replaced with the string value of "mapleader". | |
| 556 If "mapleader" is not set or empty, a backslash is used instead. Example: > | |
| 557 :map <Leader>A oanother line<Esc> | |
| 558 Works like: > | |
| 559 :map \A oanother line<Esc> | |
| 560 But after: > | |
| 561 :let mapleader = "," | |
| 562 It works like: > | |
| 563 :map ,A oanother line<Esc> | |
| 564 | |
| 565 Note that the value of "mapleader" is used at the moment the mapping is | |
| 566 defined. Changing "mapleader" after that has no effect for already defined | |
| 567 mappings. | |
| 568 | |
| 569 *<LocalLeader>* *maplocalleader* | |
| 1619 | 570 <LocalLeader> is just like <Leader>, except that it uses "maplocalleader" |
| 571 instead of "mapleader". <LocalLeader> is to be used for mappings which are | |
| 572 local to a buffer. Example: > | |
| 3312 | 573 :map <buffer> <LocalLeader>A oanother line<Esc> |
| 7 | 574 < |
| 575 In a global plugin <Leader> should be used and in a filetype plugin | |
| 576 <LocalLeader>. "mapleader" and "maplocalleader" can be equal. Although, if | |
| 577 you make them different, there is a smaller chance of mappings from global | |
| 578 plugins to clash with mappings for filetype plugins. For example, you could | |
| 579 keep "mapleader" at the default backslash, and set "maplocalleader" to an | |
| 580 underscore. | |
| 581 | |
| 582 *map-<SID>* | |
| 583 In a script the special key name "<SID>" can be used to define a mapping | |
| 584 that's local to the script. See |<SID>| for details. | |
| 585 | |
| 586 *<Plug>* | |
| 587 The special key name "<Plug>" can be used for an internal mapping, which is | |
| 588 not to be matched with any key sequence. This is useful in plugins | |
| 589 |using-<Plug>|. | |
| 590 | |
| 591 *<Char>* *<Char->* | |
| 592 To map a character by its decimal, octal or hexadecimal number the <Char> | |
| 593 construct can be used: | |
| 594 <Char-123> character 123 | |
| 595 <Char-033> character 27 | |
| 596 <Char-0x7f> character 127 | |
| 3082 | 597 <S-Char-114> character 114 ('r') shifted ('R') |
| 7 | 598 This is useful to specify a (multi-byte) character in a 'keymap' file. |
| 599 Upper and lowercase differences are ignored. | |
| 600 | |
| 601 *map-comments* | |
| 602 It is not possible to put a comment after these commands, because the '"' | |
| 11160 | 603 character is considered to be part of the {lhs} or {rhs}. However, one can |
| 604 use |", since this starts a new, empty command with a comment. | |
| 7 | 605 |
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606 *map_bar* *map-bar* |
| 7 | 607 Since the '|' character is used to separate a map command from the next |
| 608 command, you will have to do something special to include a '|' in {rhs}. | |
| 609 There are three methods: | |
| 610 use works when example ~ | |
| 611 <Bar> '<' is not in 'cpoptions' :map _l :!ls <Bar> more^M | |
| 612 \| 'b' is not in 'cpoptions' :map _l :!ls \| more^M | |
| 613 ^V| always, in Vim and Vi :map _l :!ls ^V| more^M | |
| 614 | |
| 615 (here ^V stands for CTRL-V; to get one CTRL-V you have to type it twice; you | |
| 616 cannot use the <> notation "<C-V>" here). | |
| 617 | |
| 618 All three work when you use the default setting for 'cpoptions'. | |
| 619 | |
| 620 When 'b' is present in 'cpoptions', "\|" will be recognized as a mapping | |
| 621 ending in a '\' and then another command. This is Vi compatible, but | |
| 622 illogical when compared to other commands. | |
| 623 | |
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624 *map_return* *map-return* |
| 7 | 625 When you have a mapping that contains an Ex command, you need to put a line |
| 626 terminator after it to have it executed. The use of <CR> is recommended for | |
| 627 this (see |<>|). Example: > | |
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628 :map _ls :!ls -l %:S<CR>:echo "the end"<CR> |
| 7 | 629 |
| 630 To avoid mapping of the characters you type in insert or Command-line mode, | |
| 631 type a CTRL-V first. The mapping in Insert mode is disabled if the 'paste' | |
| 632 option is on. | |
| 5239 | 633 *map-error* |
| 7 | 634 Note that when an error is encountered (that causes an error message or beep) |
| 635 the rest of the mapping is not executed. This is Vi-compatible. | |
| 636 | |
| 637 Note that the second character (argument) of the commands @zZtTfF[]rm'`"v | |
| 638 and CTRL-X is not mapped. This was done to be able to use all the named | |
| 639 registers and marks, even when the command with the same name has been | |
| 640 mapped. | |
| 641 | |
| 592 | 642 |
| 643 1.7 WHAT KEYS TO MAP *map-which-keys* | |
| 644 | |
| 7 | 645 If you are going to map something, you will need to choose which key(s) to use |
| 646 for the {lhs}. You will have to avoid keys that are used for Vim commands, | |
| 647 otherwise you would not be able to use those commands anymore. Here are a few | |
| 648 suggestions: | |
| 649 - Function keys <F2>, <F3>, etc.. Also the shifted function keys <S-F1>, | |
| 650 <S-F2>, etc. Note that <F1> is already used for the help command. | |
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651 - Meta-keys (with the ALT key pressed). Depending on your keyboard accented |
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652 characters may be used as well. |:map-alt-keys| |
| 7 | 653 - Use the '_' or ',' character and then any other character. The "_" and "," |
| 654 commands do exist in Vim (see |_| and |,|), but you probably never use them. | |
| 655 - Use a key that is a synonym for another command. For example: CTRL-P and | |
| 656 CTRL-N. Use an extra character to allow more mappings. | |
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657 - The key defined by <Leader> and one or more other keys. This is especially |
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658 useful in scripts. |mapleader| |
| 7 | 659 |
| 660 See the file "index" for keys that are not used and thus can be mapped without | |
| 661 losing any builtin function. You can also use ":help {key}^D" to find out if | |
| 662 a key is used for some command. ({key} is the specific key you want to find | |
| 663 out about, ^D is CTRL-D). | |
| 664 | |
| 592 | 665 |
| 666 1.8 EXAMPLES *map-examples* | |
| 667 | |
| 7 | 668 A few examples (given as you type them, for "<CR>" you type four characters; |
| 669 the '<' flag must not be present in 'cpoptions' for this to work). > | |
| 670 | |
| 671 :map <F3> o#include | |
| 672 :map <M-g> /foo<CR>cwbar<Esc> | |
| 673 :map _x d/END/e<CR> | |
| 674 :map! qq quadrillion questions | |
| 1132 | 675 |
| 676 | |
| 677 Multiplying a count | |
| 678 | |
| 679 When you type a count before triggering a mapping, it's like the count was | |
| 680 typed before the {lhs}. For example, with this mapping: > | |
| 681 :map <F4> 3w | |
| 682 Typing 2<F4> will result in "23w". Thus not moving 2 * 3 words but 23 words. | |
| 683 If you want to multiply counts use the expression register: > | |
| 684 :map <F4> @='3w'<CR> | |
| 685 The part between quotes is the expression being executed. |@=| | |
| 686 | |
| 592 | 687 |
| 688 1.9 USING MAPPINGS *map-typing* | |
| 689 | |
| 7 | 690 Vim will compare what you type with the start of a mapped sequence. If there |
| 691 is an incomplete match, it will get more characters until there either is a | |
| 692 complete match or until there is no match at all. Example: If you map! "qq", | |
| 693 the first 'q' will not appear on the screen until you type another | |
| 694 character. This is because Vim cannot know if the next character will be a | |
| 695 'q' or not. If the 'timeout' option is on (which is the default) Vim will | |
| 696 only wait for one second (or as long as specified with the 'timeoutlen' | |
| 697 option). After that it assumes that the 'q' is to be interpreted as such. If | |
| 698 you type slowly, or your system is slow, reset the 'timeout' option. Then you | |
| 699 might want to set the 'ttimeout' option. | |
| 700 | |
| 12499 | 701 *map-precedence* |
| 4869 | 702 Buffer-local mappings (defined using |:map-<buffer>|) take precedence over |
| 703 global mappings. When a buffer-local mapping is the same as a global mapping, | |
| 704 Vim will use the buffer-local mapping. In addition, Vim will use a complete | |
| 5055 | 705 mapping immediately if it was defined with <nowait>, even if a longer mapping |
| 706 has the same prefix. For example, given the following two mappings: > | |
| 707 :map <buffer> <nowait> \a :echo "Local \a"<CR> | |
| 708 :map \abc :echo "Global \abc"<CR> | |
| 709 When typing \a the buffer-local mapping will be used immediately. Vim will | |
| 710 not wait for more characters to see if the user might be typing \abc. | |
| 4869 | 711 |
| 7 | 712 *map-keys-fails* |
| 588 | 713 There are situations where key codes might not be recognized: |
| 7 | 714 - Vim can only read part of the key code. Mostly this is only the first |
| 715 character. This happens on some Unix versions in an xterm. | |
| 716 - The key code is after character(s) that are mapped. E.g., "<F1><F1>" or | |
| 717 "g<F1>". | |
| 588 | 718 |
| 7 | 719 The result is that the key code is not recognized in this situation, and the |
| 588 | 720 mapping fails. There are two actions needed to avoid this problem: |
| 721 | |
| 7 | 722 - Remove the 'K' flag from 'cpoptions'. This will make Vim wait for the rest |
| 723 of the characters of the function key. | |
| 724 - When using <F1> to <F4> the actual key code generated may correspond to | |
| 725 <xF1> to <xF4>. There are mappings from <xF1> to <F1>, <xF2> to <F2>, etc., | |
| 726 but these are not recognized after another half a mapping. Make sure the | |
| 727 key codes for <F1> to <F4> are correct: > | |
| 728 :set <F1>=<type CTRL-V><type F1> | |
| 729 < Type the <F1> as four characters. The part after the "=" must be done with | |
| 730 the actual keys, not the literal text. | |
| 731 Another solution is to use the actual key code in the mapping for the second | |
| 732 special key: > | |
| 733 :map <F1><Esc>OP :echo "yes"<CR> | |
| 734 Don't type a real <Esc>, Vim will recognize the key code and replace it with | |
| 735 <F1> anyway. | |
| 736 | |
| 588 | 737 Another problem may be that when keeping ALT or Meta pressed the terminal |
| 738 prepends ESC instead of setting the 8th bit. See |:map-alt-keys|. | |
| 739 | |
| 7 | 740 *recursive_mapping* |
| 741 If you include the {lhs} in the {rhs} you have a recursive mapping. When | |
| 742 {lhs} is typed, it will be replaced with {rhs}. When the {lhs} which is | |
| 743 included in {rhs} is encountered it will be replaced with {rhs}, and so on. | |
| 744 This makes it possible to repeat a command an infinite number of times. The | |
| 745 only problem is that the only way to stop this is by causing an error. The | |
| 746 macros to solve a maze uses this, look there for an example. There is one | |
| 747 exception: If the {rhs} starts with {lhs}, the first character is not mapped | |
| 748 again (this is Vi compatible). | |
| 749 For example: > | |
| 750 :map ab abcd | |
| 751 will execute the "a" command and insert "bcd" in the text. The "ab" in the | |
| 752 {rhs} will not be mapped again. | |
| 753 | |
| 754 If you want to exchange the meaning of two keys you should use the :noremap | |
| 755 command. For example: > | |
| 756 :noremap k j | |
| 757 :noremap j k | |
| 758 This will exchange the cursor up and down commands. | |
| 759 | |
| 760 With the normal :map command, when the 'remap' option is on, mapping takes | |
| 761 place until the text is found not to be a part of a {lhs}. For example, if | |
| 762 you use: > | |
| 763 :map x y | |
| 764 :map y x | |
| 765 Vim will replace x with y, and then y with x, etc. When this has happened | |
| 766 'maxmapdepth' times (default 1000), Vim will give the error message | |
| 767 "recursive mapping". | |
| 768 | |
| 769 *:map-undo* | |
| 770 If you include an undo command inside a mapped sequence, this will bring the | |
| 771 text back in the state before executing the macro. This is compatible with | |
| 772 the original Vi, as long as there is only one undo command in the mapped | |
| 773 sequence (having two undo commands in a mapped sequence did not make sense | |
| 774 in the original Vi, you would get back the text before the first undo). | |
| 775 | |
| 776 | |
| 592 | 777 1.10 MAPPING ALT-KEYS *:map-alt-keys* |
| 588 | 778 |
| 779 In the GUI Vim handles the Alt key itself, thus mapping keys with ALT should | |
| 780 always work. But in a terminal Vim gets a sequence of bytes and has to figure | |
| 781 out whether ALT was pressed or not. | |
| 782 | |
|
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783 If the terminal supports the modifyOtherKeys mode and it has been enabled, |
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784 then Vim can recognize more key combinations, see |modifyOtherKeys| below. |
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785 |
| 588 | 786 By default Vim assumes that pressing the ALT key sets the 8th bit of a typed |
| 605 | 787 character. Most decent terminals can work that way, such as xterm, aterm and |
| 588 | 788 rxvt. If your <A-k> mappings don't work it might be that the terminal is |
| 789 prefixing the character with an ESC character. But you can just as well type | |
| 790 ESC before a character, thus Vim doesn't know what happened (except for | |
| 791 checking the delay between characters, which is not reliable). | |
| 792 | |
| 793 As of this writing, some mainstream terminals like gnome-terminal and konsole | |
| 794 use the ESC prefix. There doesn't appear a way to have them use the 8th bit | |
| 605 | 795 instead. Xterm should work well by default. Aterm and rxvt should work well |
| 796 when started with the "--meta8" argument. You can also tweak resources like | |
| 797 "metaSendsEscape", "eightBitInput" and "eightBitOutput". | |
| 588 | 798 |
| 799 On the Linux console, this behavior can be toggled with the "setmetamode" | |
| 800 command. Bear in mind that not using an ESC prefix could get you in trouble | |
| 801 with other programs. You should make sure that bash has the "convert-meta" | |
| 802 option set to "on" in order for your Meta keybindings to still work on it | |
| 803 (it's the default readline behavior, unless changed by specific system | |
| 804 configuration). For that, you can add the line: > | |
| 805 | |
| 806 set convert-meta on | |
| 807 | |
| 808 to your ~/.inputrc file. If you're creating the file, you might want to use: > | |
| 809 | |
| 810 $include /etc/inputrc | |
| 811 | |
| 812 as the first line, if that file exists on your system, to keep global options. | |
| 813 This may cause a problem for entering special characters, such as the umlaut. | |
| 814 Then you should use CTRL-V before that character. | |
| 815 | |
| 816 Bear in mind that convert-meta has been reported to have troubles when used in | |
| 817 UTF-8 locales. On terminals like xterm, the "metaSendsEscape" resource can be | |
| 818 toggled on the fly through the "Main Options" menu, by pressing Ctrl-LeftClick | |
| 819 on the terminal; that's a good last resource in case you want to send ESC when | |
| 11473 | 820 using other applications but not when inside Vim. |
| 588 | 821 |
| 592 | 822 |
|
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823 1.11 MAPPING IN modifyOtherKeys mode *modifyOtherKeys* |
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824 |
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825 Xterm and a few other terminals can be put in a mode where keys with modifiers |
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826 are sent with a special escape code. Vim recognizes these codes and can then |
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827 make a difference between CTRL-H and Backspace, even when Backspace sends the |
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828 character 8. And many more special keys. |
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829 |
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830 For xterm modifyOtherKeys is enabled in the builtin termcap entry. If this is |
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831 not used you can enable modifyOtherKeys with these lines in your vimrc: > |
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832 let &t_TI = "\<Esc>[>4;2m" |
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833 let &t_TE = "\<Esc>[>4;m" |
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834 |
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835 In case the modifyOtherKeys mode causes problems you can disable it: > |
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836 let &t_TI = "" |
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837 let &t_TE = "" |
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838 It does not take effect immediately. To have this work without restarting Vim |
| 18594 | 839 execute a shell command, e.g.: `!ls` Or put the lines in your |vimrc|. |
| 840 | |
| 841 When modifyOtherKeys is enabled you can map <C-[> and <C-S-{>: > | |
| 842 imap <C-[> [[[ | |
| 843 imap <C-S-{> {{{ | |
| 844 Without modifyOtherKeys <C-[> and <C-S-{> are indistinguishable from Esc. | |
|
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845 |
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846 A known side effect effect is that in Insert mode the raw escape sequence is |
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847 inserted after the CTRL-V key. This can be used to check whether |
| 19116 | 848 modifyOtherKeys is enabled: In Insert mode type CTRL-SHIFT-V CTRL-V, if you |
| 849 get one byte then modifyOtherKeys is off, if you get <1b>27;5;118~ then it is | |
| 850 on. | |
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851 |
| 18594 | 852 When the 'esckeys' option is off, then modifyOtherKeys will be disabled in |
| 853 Insert mode to avoid every key with a modifier causing Insert mode to end. | |
| 854 | |
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855 |
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856 1.12 MAPPING AN OPERATOR *:map-operator* |
| 592 | 857 |
| 858 An operator is used before a {motion} command. To define your own operator | |
| 859 you must create mapping that first sets the 'operatorfunc' option and then | |
| 860 invoke the |g@| operator. After the user types the {motion} command the | |
| 861 specified function will be called. | |
| 862 | |
| 626 | 863 *g@* *E774* *E775* |
| 592 | 864 g@{motion} Call the function set by the 'operatorfunc' option. |
| 865 The '[ mark is positioned at the start of the text | |
| 866 moved over by {motion}, the '] mark on the last | |
| 867 character of the text. | |
| 868 The function is called with one String argument: | |
| 869 "line" {motion} was |linewise| | |
| 870 "char" {motion} was |characterwise| | |
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871 "block" {motion} was |blockwise-visual| |
| 592 | 872 Although "block" would rarely appear, since it can |
| 873 only result from Visual mode where "g@" is not useful. | |
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874 {not available when compiled without the |+eval| |
| 592 | 875 feature} |
| 876 | |
| 877 Here is an example that counts the number of spaces with <F4>: > | |
| 878 | |
| 879 nmap <silent> <F4> :set opfunc=CountSpaces<CR>g@ | |
| 880 vmap <silent> <F4> :<C-U>call CountSpaces(visualmode(), 1)<CR> | |
| 881 | |
| 882 function! CountSpaces(type, ...) | |
| 883 let sel_save = &selection | |
| 884 let &selection = "inclusive" | |
| 885 let reg_save = @@ | |
| 886 | |
| 5968 | 887 if a:0 " Invoked from Visual mode, use gv command. |
| 888 silent exe "normal! gvy" | |
| 592 | 889 elseif a:type == 'line' |
| 890 silent exe "normal! '[V']y" | |
| 891 else | |
| 892 silent exe "normal! `[v`]y" | |
| 893 endif | |
| 894 | |
| 895 echomsg strlen(substitute(@@, '[^ ]', '', 'g')) | |
| 896 | |
| 897 let &selection = sel_save | |
| 898 let @@ = reg_save | |
| 899 endfunction | |
| 900 | |
| 901 Note that the 'selection' option is temporarily set to "inclusive" to be able | |
| 902 to yank exactly the right text by using Visual mode from the '[ to the '] | |
| 903 mark. | |
| 904 | |
| 905 Also note that there is a separate mapping for Visual mode. It removes the | |
| 906 "'<,'>" range that ":" inserts in Visual mode and invokes the function with | |
| 907 visualmode() and an extra argument. | |
| 908 | |
| 7 | 909 ============================================================================== |
| 910 2. Abbreviations *abbreviations* *Abbreviations* | |
| 911 | |
| 912 Abbreviations are used in Insert mode, Replace mode and Command-line mode. | |
| 913 If you enter a word that is an abbreviation, it is replaced with the word it | |
| 914 stands for. This can be used to save typing for often used long words. And | |
| 915 you can use it to automatically correct obvious spelling errors. | |
| 916 Examples: | |
| 917 | |
| 1190 | 918 :iab ms Microsoft |
| 7 | 919 :iab tihs this |
| 920 | |
| 921 There are three types of abbreviations: | |
| 922 | |
| 923 full-id The "full-id" type consists entirely of keyword characters (letters | |
| 924 and characters from 'iskeyword' option). This is the most common | |
| 925 abbreviation. | |
| 926 | |
| 927 Examples: "foo", "g3", "-1" | |
| 928 | |
| 929 end-id The "end-id" type ends in a keyword character, but all the other | |
| 930 characters are not keyword characters. | |
| 931 | |
| 932 Examples: "#i", "..f", "$/7" | |
| 933 | |
| 934 non-id The "non-id" type ends in a non-keyword character, the other | |
| 1236 | 935 characters may be of any type, excluding space and tab. {this type |
| 7 | 936 is not supported by Vi} |
| 937 | |
| 938 Examples: "def#", "4/7$" | |
| 939 | |
| 940 Examples of strings that cannot be abbreviations: "a.b", "#def", "a b", "_$r" | |
| 941 | |
| 942 An abbreviation is only recognized when you type a non-keyword character. | |
| 943 This can also be the <Esc> that ends insert mode or the <CR> that ends a | |
| 944 command. The non-keyword character which ends the abbreviation is inserted | |
| 945 after the expanded abbreviation. An exception to this is the character <C-]>, | |
| 946 which is used to expand an abbreviation without inserting any extra | |
| 947 characters. | |
| 948 | |
| 949 Example: > | |
| 950 :ab hh hello | |
| 951 < "hh<Space>" is expanded to "hello<Space>" | |
| 952 "hh<C-]>" is expanded to "hello" | |
| 953 | |
| 954 The characters before the cursor must match the abbreviation. Each type has | |
| 955 an additional rule: | |
| 956 | |
| 957 full-id In front of the match is a non-keyword character, or this is where | |
| 958 the line or insertion starts. Exception: When the abbreviation is | |
| 959 only one character, it is not recognized if there is a non-keyword | |
| 13937 | 960 character in front of it, other than a space or a tab. However, for |
| 961 the command line "'<,'>" (or any other marks) is ignored, as if the | |
| 962 command line starts after it. | |
| 7 | 963 |
| 1236 | 964 end-id In front of the match is a keyword character, or a space or a tab, |
| 7 | 965 or this is where the line or insertion starts. |
| 966 | |
| 1236 | 967 non-id In front of the match is a space, tab or the start of the line or |
| 7 | 968 the insertion. |
| 969 | |
| 970 Examples: ({CURSOR} is where you type a non-keyword character) > | |
| 971 :ab foo four old otters | |
| 972 < " foo{CURSOR}" is expanded to " four old otters" | |
| 973 " foobar{CURSOR}" is not expanded | |
| 974 "barfoo{CURSOR}" is not expanded | |
| 975 > | |
| 976 :ab #i #include | |
| 977 < "#i{CURSOR}" is expanded to "#include" | |
| 978 ">#i{CURSOR}" is not expanded | |
| 979 > | |
| 42 | 980 :ab ;; <endofline> |
| 7 | 981 < "test;;" is not expanded |
| 982 "test ;;" is expanded to "test <endofline>" | |
| 983 | |
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984 To avoid the abbreviation in Insert mode: Type CTRL-V before the character |
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985 that would trigger the abbreviation. E.g. CTRL-V <Space>. Or type part of |
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986 the abbreviation, exit insert mode with <Esc>, re-enter insert mode with "a" |
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987 and type the rest. |
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988 |
| 7 | 989 To avoid the abbreviation in Command-line mode: Type CTRL-V twice somewhere in |
| 990 the abbreviation to avoid it to be replaced. A CTRL-V in front of a normal | |
| 991 character is mostly ignored otherwise. | |
| 992 | |
| 993 It is possible to move the cursor after an abbreviation: > | |
| 994 :iab if if ()<Left> | |
| 995 This does not work if 'cpoptions' includes the '<' flag. |<>| | |
| 996 | |
| 997 You can even do more complicated things. For example, to consume the space | |
| 998 typed after an abbreviation: > | |
| 999 func Eatchar(pat) | |
| 685 | 1000 let c = nr2char(getchar(0)) |
| 7 | 1001 return (c =~ a:pat) ? '' : c |
| 1002 endfunc | |
| 1003 iabbr <silent> if if ()<Left><C-R>=Eatchar('\s')<CR> | |
| 1004 | |
| 1005 There are no default abbreviations. | |
| 1006 | |
| 1007 Abbreviations are never recursive. You can use ":ab f f-o-o" without any | |
| 1008 problem. But abbreviations can be mapped. {some versions of Vi support | |
| 1009 recursive abbreviations, for no apparent reason} | |
| 1010 | |
| 1011 Abbreviations are disabled if the 'paste' option is on. | |
| 1012 | |
| 1013 *:abbreviate-local* *:abbreviate-<buffer>* | |
| 1014 Just like mappings, abbreviations can be local to a buffer. This is mostly | |
| 1015 used in a |filetype-plugin| file. Example for a C plugin file: > | |
| 1016 :abb <buffer> FF for (i = 0; i < ; ++i) | |
| 1017 < | |
| 1018 *:ab* *:abbreviate* | |
| 1019 :ab[breviate] list all abbreviations. The character in the first | |
| 1020 column indicates the mode where the abbreviation is | |
| 1021 used: 'i' for insert mode, 'c' for Command-line | |
| 1022 mode, '!' for both. These are the same as for | |
| 1023 mappings, see |map-listing|. | |
| 1024 | |
| 502 | 1025 *:abbreviate-verbose* |
| 1026 When 'verbose' is non-zero, listing an abbreviation will also display where it | |
| 1027 was last defined. Example: > | |
| 1028 | |
| 1029 :verbose abbreviate | |
| 856 | 1030 ! teh the |
| 502 | 1031 Last set from /home/abcd/vim/abbr.vim |
| 1032 | |
| 1033 See |:verbose-cmd| for more information. | |
| 1034 | |
| 7 | 1035 :ab[breviate] {lhs} list the abbreviations that start with {lhs} |
| 1036 You may need to insert a CTRL-V (type it twice) to | |
| 1037 avoid that a typed {lhs} is expanded, since | |
| 1038 command-line abbreviations apply here. | |
| 1039 | |
| 2908 | 1040 :ab[breviate] [<expr>] [<buffer>] {lhs} {rhs} |
| 7 | 1041 add abbreviation for {lhs} to {rhs}. If {lhs} already |
| 1042 existed it is replaced with the new {rhs}. {rhs} may | |
| 1043 contain spaces. | |
| 838 | 1044 See |:map-<expr>| for the optional <expr> argument. |
| 2908 | 1045 See |:map-<buffer>| for the optional <buffer> argument. |
| 7 | 1046 |
| 1047 *:una* *:unabbreviate* | |
| 18928 | 1048 :una[bbreviate] [<buffer>] {lhs} |
| 1049 Remove abbreviation for {lhs} from the list. If none | |
| 7 | 1050 is found, remove abbreviations in which {lhs} matches |
| 1051 with the {rhs}. This is done so that you can even | |
| 1052 remove abbreviations after expansion. To avoid | |
| 1053 expansion insert a CTRL-V (type it twice). | |
| 1054 | |
| 1055 *:norea* *:noreabbrev* | |
| 2908 | 1056 :norea[bbrev] [<expr>] [<buffer>] [lhs] [rhs] |
|
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1057 Same as ":ab", but no remapping for this {rhs}. |
| 7 | 1058 |
| 16944 | 1059 *:ca* *:cab* *:cabbrev* |
| 2908 | 1060 :ca[bbrev] [<expr>] [<buffer>] [lhs] [rhs] |
|
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1061 Same as ":ab", but for Command-line mode only. |
| 7 | 1062 |
| 1063 *:cuna* *:cunabbrev* | |
| 18928 | 1064 :cuna[bbrev] [<buffer>] {lhs} |
| 1065 Same as ":una", but for Command-line mode only. | |
| 7 | 1066 |
| 1067 *:cnorea* *:cnoreabbrev* | |
| 2908 | 1068 :cnorea[bbrev] [<expr>] [<buffer>] [lhs] [rhs] |
| 7 | 1069 same as ":ab", but for Command-line mode only and no |
|
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1070 remapping for this {rhs} |
| 7 | 1071 |
| 1072 *:ia* *:iabbrev* | |
| 2908 | 1073 :ia[bbrev] [<expr>] [<buffer>] [lhs] [rhs] |
|
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1074 Same as ":ab", but for Insert mode only. |
| 7 | 1075 |
| 1076 *:iuna* *:iunabbrev* | |
| 18928 | 1077 :iuna[bbrev] [<buffer>] {lhs} |
| 1078 Same as ":una", but for insert mode only. | |
| 7 | 1079 |
| 1080 *:inorea* *:inoreabbrev* | |
| 2908 | 1081 :inorea[bbrev] [<expr>] [<buffer>] [lhs] [rhs] |
|
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1082 Same as ":ab", but for Insert mode only and no |
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1083 remapping for this {rhs}. |
| 7 | 1084 |
| 1085 *:abc* *:abclear* | |
|
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1086 :abc[lear] [<buffer>] Remove all abbreviations. |
| 7 | 1087 |
| 1088 *:iabc* *:iabclear* | |
|
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1089 :iabc[lear] [<buffer>] Remove all abbreviations for Insert mode. |
| 7 | 1090 |
| 1091 *:cabc* *:cabclear* | |
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1092 :cabc[lear] [<buffer>] Remove all abbreviations for Command-line mode. |
| 7 | 1093 |
| 1094 *using_CTRL-V* | |
| 1095 It is possible to use special characters in the rhs of an abbreviation. | |
| 1096 CTRL-V has to be used to avoid the special meaning of most non printable | |
| 1097 characters. How many CTRL-Vs need to be typed depends on how you enter the | |
| 1098 abbreviation. This also applies to mappings. Let's use an example here. | |
| 1099 | |
| 1100 Suppose you want to abbreviate "esc" to enter an <Esc> character. When you | |
| 1101 type the ":ab" command in Vim, you have to enter this: (here ^V is a CTRL-V | |
| 1102 and ^[ is <Esc>) | |
| 1103 | |
| 1104 You type: ab esc ^V^V^V^V^V^[ | |
| 1105 | |
| 1106 All keyboard input is subjected to ^V quote interpretation, so | |
| 1107 the first, third, and fifth ^V characters simply allow the second, | |
| 1108 and fourth ^Vs, and the ^[, to be entered into the command-line. | |
| 1109 | |
| 1110 You see: ab esc ^V^V^[ | |
| 1111 | |
| 1112 The command-line contains two actual ^Vs before the ^[. This is | |
| 1113 how it should appear in your .exrc file, if you choose to go that | |
| 1114 route. The first ^V is there to quote the second ^V; the :ab | |
| 1115 command uses ^V as its own quote character, so you can include quoted | |
| 42 | 1116 whitespace or the | character in the abbreviation. The :ab command |
| 7 | 1117 doesn't do anything special with the ^[ character, so it doesn't need |
| 1118 to be quoted. (Although quoting isn't harmful; that's why typing 7 | |
| 1119 [but not 8!] ^Vs works.) | |
| 1120 | |
| 1121 Stored as: esc ^V^[ | |
| 1122 | |
| 1123 After parsing, the abbreviation's short form ("esc") and long form | |
| 1124 (the two characters "^V^[") are stored in the abbreviation table. | |
| 1125 If you give the :ab command with no arguments, this is how the | |
| 1126 abbreviation will be displayed. | |
| 1127 | |
| 1128 Later, when the abbreviation is expanded because the user typed in | |
| 1129 the word "esc", the long form is subjected to the same type of | |
| 1130 ^V interpretation as keyboard input. So the ^V protects the ^[ | |
| 42 | 1131 character from being interpreted as the "exit Insert mode" character. |
| 7 | 1132 Instead, the ^[ is inserted into the text. |
| 1133 | |
| 1134 Expands to: ^[ | |
| 1135 | |
| 1136 [example given by Steve Kirkendall] | |
| 1137 | |
| 1138 ============================================================================== | |
| 1139 3. Local mappings and functions *script-local* | |
| 1140 | |
| 1141 When using several Vim script files, there is the danger that mappings and | |
| 1142 functions used in one script use the same name as in other scripts. To avoid | |
| 1143 this, they can be made local to the script. | |
| 1144 | |
| 1145 *<SID>* *<SNR>* *E81* | |
| 1146 The string "<SID>" can be used in a mapping or menu. This requires that the | |
| 1147 '<' flag is not present in 'cpoptions'. | |
| 1148 When executing the map command, Vim will replace "<SID>" with the special | |
| 1149 key code <SNR>, followed by a number that's unique for the script, and an | |
| 1150 underscore. Example: > | |
| 1151 :map <SID>Add | |
| 1152 could define a mapping "<SNR>23_Add". | |
| 1153 | |
| 1154 When defining a function in a script, "s:" can be prepended to the name to | |
| 1155 make it local to the script. But when a mapping is executed from outside of | |
| 1156 the script, it doesn't know in which script the function was defined. To | |
| 1157 avoid this problem, use "<SID>" instead of "s:". The same translation is done | |
| 1158 as for mappings. This makes it possible to define a call to the function in | |
| 42 | 1159 a mapping. |
| 7 | 1160 |
| 1161 When a local function is executed, it runs in the context of the script it was | |
| 1162 defined in. This means that new functions and mappings it defines can also | |
| 1163 use "s:" or "<SID>" and it will use the same unique number as when the | |
| 1164 function itself was defined. Also, the "s:var" local script variables can be | |
| 1165 used. | |
| 1166 | |
| 1167 When executing an autocommand or a user command, it will run in the context of | |
| 1168 the script it was defined in. This makes it possible that the command calls a | |
| 1169 local function or uses a local mapping. | |
| 1170 | |
| 1171 Otherwise, using "<SID>" outside of a script context is an error. | |
| 1172 | |
| 1173 If you need to get the script number to use in a complicated script, you can | |
| 625 | 1174 use this function: > |
| 1175 function s:SID() | |
| 1176 return matchstr(expand('<sfile>'), '<SNR>\zs\d\+\ze_SID$') | |
| 1177 endfun | |
| 7 | 1178 |
| 1179 The "<SNR>" will be shown when listing functions and mappings. This is useful | |
| 1180 to find out what they are defined to. | |
| 1181 | |
| 1182 The |:scriptnames| command can be used to see which scripts have been sourced | |
| 1183 and what their <SNR> number is. | |
| 1184 | |
|
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1185 This is all {not available when compiled without the |+eval| feature}. |
| 7 | 1186 |
| 1187 ============================================================================== | |
| 1188 4. User-defined commands *user-commands* | |
| 1189 | |
| 236 | 1190 It is possible to define your own Ex commands. A user-defined command can act |
| 7 | 1191 just like a built-in command (it can have a range or arguments, arguments can |
| 1192 be completed as filenames or buffer names, etc), except that when the command | |
|
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1193 is executed, it is transformed into a normal Ex command and then executed. |
| 7 | 1194 |
| 1195 For starters: See section |40.2| in the user manual. | |
| 1196 | |
| 2642 | 1197 *E183* *E841* *user-cmd-ambiguous* |
| 7 | 1198 All user defined commands must start with an uppercase letter, to avoid |
| 2642 | 1199 confusion with builtin commands. Exceptions are these builtin commands: |
| 1200 :Next | |
| 1201 :X | |
| 1202 They cannot be used for a user defined command. ":Print" is also an existing | |
| 1203 command, but it is deprecated and can be overruled. | |
| 1204 | |
| 1205 The other characters of the user command can be uppercase letters, lowercase | |
| 1206 letters or digits. When using digits, note that other commands that take a | |
| 1207 numeric argument may become ambiguous. For example, the command ":Cc2" could | |
| 1208 be the user command ":Cc2" without an argument, or the command ":Cc" with | |
| 1209 argument "2". It is advised to put a space between the command name and the | |
| 1210 argument to avoid these problems. | |
| 7 | 1211 |
| 236 | 1212 When using a user-defined command, the command can be abbreviated. However, if |
| 1213 an abbreviation is not unique, an error will be issued. Furthermore, a | |
| 7 | 1214 built-in command will always take precedence. |
| 1215 | |
| 1216 Example: > | |
| 1217 :command Rename ... | |
| 1218 :command Renumber ... | |
| 1219 :Rena " Means "Rename" | |
| 1220 :Renu " Means "Renumber" | |
| 1221 :Ren " Error - ambiguous | |
| 1222 :command Paste ... | |
| 1223 :P " The built-in :Print | |
| 1224 | |
| 1225 It is recommended that full names for user-defined commands are used in | |
| 1226 scripts. | |
| 1227 | |
| 1228 :com[mand] *:com* *:command* | |
| 236 | 1229 List all user-defined commands. When listing commands, |
|
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1230 the characters in the first columns are: |
| 7 | 1231 ! Command has the -bang attribute |
| 1232 " Command has the -register attribute | |
|
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1233 | Command has the -bar attribute |
| 7 | 1234 b Command is local to current buffer |
| 1235 (see below for details on attributes) | |
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1236 The list can be filtered on command name with |
|
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1237 |:filter|, e.g., to list all commands with "Pyth" in |
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1238 the name: > |
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1239 filter Pyth command |
| 7 | 1240 |
| 1241 :com[mand] {cmd} List the user-defined commands that start with {cmd} | |
| 1242 | |
| 482 | 1243 *:command-verbose* |
| 1244 When 'verbose' is non-zero, listing a command will also display where it was | |
| 1245 last defined. Example: > | |
| 1246 | |
| 1247 :verbose command TOhtml | |
| 856 | 1248 < Name Args Range Complete Definition ~ |
| 1249 TOhtml 0 % :call Convert2HTML(<line1>, <line2>) ~ | |
| 1250 Last set from /usr/share/vim/vim-7.0/plugin/tohtml.vim ~ | |
| 1251 | |
| 483 | 1252 See |:verbose-cmd| for more information. |
| 482 | 1253 |
| 7 | 1254 *E174* *E182* |
| 1255 :com[mand][!] [{attr}...] {cmd} {rep} | |
| 1256 Define a user command. The name of the command is | |
| 236 | 1257 {cmd} and its replacement text is {rep}. The command's |
| 1258 attributes (see below) are {attr}. If the command | |
| 7 | 1259 already exists, an error is reported, unless a ! is |
| 1260 specified, in which case the command is redefined. | |
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1261 There is one exception: When sourcing a script again, |
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1262 a command that was previously defined in that script |
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1263 will be silently replaced. |
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1264 |
| 7 | 1265 |
| 1266 :delc[ommand] {cmd} *:delc* *:delcommand* *E184* | |
| 1267 Delete the user-defined command {cmd}. | |
| 1268 | |
| 1269 :comc[lear] *:comc* *:comclear* | |
| 1270 Delete all user-defined commands. | |
| 1271 | |
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1272 |
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1273 Command attributes ~ |
| 7 | 1274 |
|
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1275 User-defined commands are treated by Vim just like any other Ex commands. They |
| 236 | 1276 can have arguments, or have a range specified. Arguments are subject to |
| 1277 completion as filenames, buffers, etc. Exactly how this works depends upon the | |
| 7 | 1278 command's attributes, which are specified when the command is defined. |
| 1279 | |
| 1280 There are a number of attributes, split into four categories: argument | |
| 236 | 1281 handling, completion behavior, range handling, and special cases. The |
| 7 | 1282 attributes are described below, by category. |
| 1283 | |
| 1284 | |
|
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1285 Argument handling ~ |
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1286 *E175* *E176* *:command-nargs* |
| 7 | 1287 By default, a user defined command will take no arguments (and an error is |
| 236 | 1288 reported if any are supplied). However, it is possible to specify that the |
| 1289 command can take arguments, using the -nargs attribute. Valid cases are: | |
| 7 | 1290 |
| 1291 -nargs=0 No arguments are allowed (the default) | |
| 15194 | 1292 -nargs=1 Exactly one argument is required, it includes spaces |
| 2826 | 1293 -nargs=* Any number of arguments are allowed (0, 1, or many), |
| 1294 separated by white space | |
| 7 | 1295 -nargs=? 0 or 1 arguments are allowed |
| 1296 -nargs=+ Arguments must be supplied, but any number are allowed | |
| 1297 | |
| 1236 | 1298 Arguments are considered to be separated by (unescaped) spaces or tabs in this |
| 2826 | 1299 context, except when there is one argument, then the white space is part of |
| 1300 the argument. | |
| 7 | 1301 |
| 1302 Note that arguments are used as text, not as expressions. Specifically, | |
| 1303 "s:var" will use the script-local variable in the script where the command was | |
| 1304 defined, not where it is invoked! Example: | |
| 1305 script1.vim: > | |
| 1306 :let s:error = "None" | |
| 1307 :command -nargs=1 Error echoerr <args> | |
| 1308 < script2.vim: > | |
| 1309 :source script1.vim | |
| 1310 :let s:error = "Wrong!" | |
| 1311 :Error s:error | |
| 1619 | 1312 Executing script2.vim will result in "None" being echoed. Not what you |
| 7 | 1313 intended! Calling a function may be an alternative. |
| 1314 | |
|
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1315 |
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1316 Completion behavior ~ |
| 15194 | 1317 *:command-completion* *E179* *E180* *E181* |
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1318 *:command-complete* |
| 7 | 1319 By default, the arguments of user defined commands do not undergo completion. |
| 1320 However, by specifying one or the other of the following attributes, argument | |
| 1321 completion can be enabled: | |
| 1322 | |
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1323 -complete=arglist file names in argument list |
| 7 | 1324 -complete=augroup autocmd groups |
| 1325 -complete=buffer buffer names | |
| 3503 | 1326 -complete=behave :behave suboptions |
| 2970 | 1327 -complete=color color schemes |
| 7 | 1328 -complete=command Ex command (and arguments) |
| 2970 | 1329 -complete=compiler compilers |
| 2596 | 1330 -complete=cscope |:cscope| suboptions |
| 7 | 1331 -complete=dir directory names |
| 1332 -complete=environment environment variable names | |
| 1333 -complete=event autocommand events | |
| 1334 -complete=expression Vim expression | |
| 1335 -complete=file file and directory names | |
| 2970 | 1336 -complete=file_in_path file and directory names in |'path'| |
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1337 -complete=filetype filetype names |'filetype'| |
| 7 | 1338 -complete=function function name |
| 1339 -complete=help help subjects | |
| 1340 -complete=highlight highlight groups | |
| 3503 | 1341 -complete=history :history suboptions |
| 2970 | 1342 -complete=locale locale names (as output of locale -a) |
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1343 -complete=mapclear buffer argument |
| 7 | 1344 -complete=mapping mapping name |
| 1345 -complete=menu menus | |
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1346 -complete=messages |:messages| suboptions |
| 7 | 1347 -complete=option options |
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1348 -complete=packadd optional package |pack-add| names |
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1349 -complete=shellcmd Shell command |
| 2596 | 1350 -complete=sign |:sign| suboptions |
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1351 -complete=syntax syntax file names |'syntax'| |
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1352 -complete=syntime |:syntime| suboptions |
| 7 | 1353 -complete=tag tags |
| 1354 -complete=tag_listfiles tags, file names are shown when CTRL-D is hit | |
| 3744 | 1355 -complete=user user names |
| 7 | 1356 -complete=var user variables |
| 1357 -complete=custom,{func} custom completion, defined via {func} | |
| 406 | 1358 -complete=customlist,{func} custom completion, defined via {func} |
| 7 | 1359 |
| 6259 | 1360 Note: That some completion methods might expand environment variables. |
| 1361 | |
| 557 | 1362 |
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1363 Custom completion ~ |
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1364 *:command-completion-custom* |
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1365 *:command-completion-customlist* *E467* *E468* |
| 7 | 1366 It is possible to define customized completion schemes via the "custom,{func}" |
| 406 | 1367 or the "customlist,{func}" completion argument. The {func} part should be a |
| 1619 | 1368 function with the following signature: > |
| 7 | 1369 |
| 1370 :function {func}(ArgLead, CmdLine, CursorPos) | |
| 1371 | |
| 406 | 1372 The function need not use all these arguments. The function should provide the |
| 1373 completion candidates as the return value. | |
| 1374 | |
| 1375 For the "custom" argument, the function should return the completion | |
| 1376 candidates one per line in a newline separated string. | |
| 1377 | |
| 1378 For the "customlist" argument, the function should return the completion | |
| 557 | 1379 candidates as a Vim List. Non-string items in the list are ignored. |
| 406 | 1380 |
| 1381 The function arguments are: | |
| 7 | 1382 ArgLead the leading portion of the argument currently being |
| 1383 completed on | |
| 1384 CmdLine the entire command line | |
| 557 | 1385 CursorPos the cursor position in it (byte index) |
| 406 | 1386 The function may use these for determining context. For the "custom" |
| 1387 argument, it is not necessary to filter candidates against the (implicit | |
|
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1388 pattern in) ArgLead. Vim will filter the candidates with its regexp engine |
| 406 | 1389 after function return, and this is probably more efficient in most cases. For |
| 1390 the "customlist" argument, Vim will not filter the returned completion | |
| 1391 candidates and the user supplied function should filter the candidates. | |
| 7 | 1392 |
| 1393 The following example lists user names to a Finger command > | |
| 1394 :com -complete=custom,ListUsers -nargs=1 Finger !finger <args> | |
| 1395 :fun ListUsers(A,L,P) | |
| 1396 : return system("cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd") | |
| 1397 :endfun | |
| 1398 | |
| 406 | 1399 The following example completes filenames from the directories specified in |
| 1400 the 'path' option: > | |
| 1401 :com -nargs=1 -bang -complete=customlist,EditFileComplete | |
| 1402 \ EditFile edit<bang> <args> | |
| 1403 :fun EditFileComplete(A,L,P) | |
|
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1404 : return split(globpath(&path, a:A), "\n") |
| 406 | 1405 :endfun |
| 1406 < | |
|
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1407 This example does not work for file names with spaces! |
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1408 |
| 557 | 1409 |
|
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1410 Range handling ~ |
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1411 *E177* *E178* *:command-range* *:command-count* |
| 236 | 1412 By default, user-defined commands do not accept a line number range. However, |
| 7 | 1413 it is possible to specify that the command does take a range (the -range |
| 1414 attribute), or that it takes an arbitrary count value, either in the line | |
| 1415 number position (-range=N, like the |:split| command) or as a "count" | |
| 1132 | 1416 argument (-count=N, like the |:Next| command). The count will then be |
| 1417 available in the argument with |<count>|. | |
| 1418 | |
| 1419 Possible attributes are: | |
| 7 | 1420 |
| 1421 -range Range allowed, default is current line | |
| 1422 -range=% Range allowed, default is whole file (1,$) | |
| 1423 -range=N A count (default N) which is specified in the line | |
| 2788 | 1424 number position (like |:split|); allows for zero line |
| 1425 number. | |
| 7 | 1426 -count=N A count (default N) which is specified either in the line |
| 171 | 1427 number position, or as an initial argument (like |:Next|). |
|
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1428 -count acts like -count=0 |
| 7 | 1429 |
| 1430 Note that -range=N and -count=N are mutually exclusive - only one should be | |
| 1431 specified. | |
| 1432 | |
|
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1433 *:command-addr* |
| 6424 | 1434 It is possible that the special characters in the range like ., $ or % which |
| 1435 by default correspond to the current line, last line and the whole buffer, | |
| 1436 relate to arguments, (loaded) buffers, windows or tab pages. | |
| 1437 | |
|
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1438 Possible values are (second column is the short name used in listing): |
|
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1439 -addr=lines Range of lines (this is the default for -range) |
|
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1440 -addr=arguments arg Range for arguments |
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1441 -addr=buffers buf Range for buffers (also not loaded buffers) |
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1442 -addr=loaded_buffers load Range for loaded buffers |
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1443 -addr=windows win Range for windows |
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1444 -addr=tabs tab Range for tab pages |
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1445 -addr=quickfix qf Range for quickfix entries |
|
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1446 -addr=other ? other kind of range; can use ".", "$" and "%" |
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1447 as with "lines" (this is the default for |
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1448 -count) |
| 6424 | 1449 |
|
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1450 |
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1451 Special cases ~ |
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1452 *:command-bang* *:command-bar* |
| 1132 | 1453 *:command-register* *:command-buffer* |
| 7 | 1454 There are some special cases as well: |
| 1455 | |
| 1456 -bang The command can take a ! modifier (like :q or :w) | |
| 1457 -bar The command can be followed by a "|" and another command. | |
| 1458 A "|" inside the command argument is not allowed then. | |
| 1459 Also checks for a " to start a comment. | |
| 1460 -register The first argument to the command can be an optional | |
| 1461 register name (like :del, :put, :yank). | |
| 1462 -buffer The command will only be available in the current buffer. | |
| 1463 | |
| 1464 In the cases of the -count and -register attributes, if the optional argument | |
| 1465 is supplied, it is removed from the argument list and is available to the | |
| 1466 replacement text separately. | |
| 5340 | 1467 Note that these arguments can be abbreviated, but that is a deprecated |
| 1468 feature. Use the full name for new scripts. | |
| 7 | 1469 |
|
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1470 |
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1471 Replacement text ~ |
| 7 | 1472 |
| 1473 The replacement text for a user defined command is scanned for special escape | |
| 236 | 1474 sequences, using <...> notation. Escape sequences are replaced with values |
| 1475 from the entered command line, and all other text is copied unchanged. The | |
| 788 | 1476 resulting string is executed as an Ex command. To avoid the replacement use |
| 1702 | 1477 <lt> in place of the initial <. Thus to include "<bang>" literally use |
| 788 | 1478 "<lt>bang>". |
| 7 | 1479 |
| 1480 The valid escape sequences are | |
| 1481 | |
| 1482 *<line1>* | |
| 1483 <line1> The starting line of the command range. | |
| 1484 *<line2>* | |
| 1485 <line2> The final line of the command range. | |
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1486 *<range>* |
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1487 <range> The number of items in the command range: 0, 1 or 2 |
| 7 | 1488 *<count>* |
| 1489 <count> Any count supplied (as described for the '-range' | |
| 1490 and '-count' attributes). | |
| 1491 *<bang>* | |
| 1492 <bang> (See the '-bang' attribute) Expands to a ! if the | |
| 1493 command was executed with a ! modifier, otherwise | |
| 1494 expands to nothing. | |
| 20241 | 1495 *<mods>* *:command-modifiers* |
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1496 <mods> The command modifiers, if specified. Otherwise, expands to |
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1497 nothing. Supported modifiers are |:aboveleft|, |:belowright|, |
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1498 |:botright|, |:browse|, |:confirm|, |:hide|, |:keepalt|, |
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1499 |:keepjumps|, |:keepmarks|, |:keeppatterns|, |:leftabove|, |
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1500 |:lockmarks|, |:noswapfile| |:rightbelow|, |:silent|, |:tab|, |
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1501 |:topleft|, |:verbose|, and |:vertical|. |
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1502 Note that these are not yet supported: |:noautocmd|, |
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1503 |:sandbox| and |:unsilent|. |
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1504 Examples: > |
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1505 command! -nargs=+ -complete=file MyEdit |
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1506 \ for f in expand(<q-args>, 0, 1) | |
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1507 \ exe '<mods> split ' . f | |
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1508 \ endfor |
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1509 |
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1510 function! SpecialEdit(files, mods) |
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1511 for f in expand(a:files, 0, 1) |
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1512 exe a:mods . ' split ' . f |
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1513 endfor |
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1514 endfunction |
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1515 command! -nargs=+ -complete=file Sedit |
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1516 \ call SpecialEdit(<q-args>, <q-mods>) |
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1517 < |
| 7 | 1518 *<reg>* *<register>* |
| 1519 <reg> (See the '-register' attribute) The optional register, | |
| 236 | 1520 if specified. Otherwise, expands to nothing. <register> |
| 7 | 1521 is a synonym for this. |
| 1522 *<args>* | |
| 1523 <args> The command arguments, exactly as supplied (but as | |
| 1524 noted above, any count or register can consume some | |
| 1525 of the arguments, which are then not part of <args>). | |
| 1526 <lt> A single '<' (Less-Than) character. This is needed if you | |
| 1527 want to get a literal copy of one of these escape sequences | |
| 1528 into the expansion - for example, to get <bang>, use | |
| 1529 <lt>bang>. | |
| 1530 | |
| 1531 *<q-args>* | |
| 1532 If the first two characters of an escape sequence are "q-" (for example, | |
| 1533 <q-args>) then the value is quoted in such a way as to make it a valid value | |
| 1534 for use in an expression. This uses the argument as one single value. | |
| 300 | 1535 When there is no argument <q-args> is an empty string. |
| 1088 | 1536 *<f-args>* |
| 7 | 1537 To allow commands to pass their arguments on to a user-defined function, there |
| 236 | 1538 is a special form <f-args> ("function args"). This splits the command |
| 1236 | 1539 arguments at spaces and tabs, quotes each argument individually, and the |
| 7 | 1540 <f-args> sequence is replaced by the comma-separated list of quoted arguments. |
| 856 | 1541 See the Mycmd example below. If no arguments are given <f-args> is removed. |
| 1088 | 1542 To embed whitespace into an argument of <f-args>, prepend a backslash. |
| 1543 <f-args> replaces every pair of backslashes (\\) with one backslash. A | |
| 1544 backslash followed by a character other than white space or a backslash | |
| 1545 remains unmodified. Overview: | |
| 1546 | |
| 1547 command <f-args> ~ | |
| 1548 XX ab 'ab' | |
| 1549 XX a\b 'a\b' | |
| 1550 XX a\ b 'a b' | |
| 1551 XX a\ b 'a ', 'b' | |
| 1552 XX a\\b 'a\b' | |
| 1553 XX a\\ b 'a\', 'b' | |
| 1554 XX a\\\b 'a\\b' | |
| 1555 XX a\\\ b 'a\ b' | |
| 1556 XX a\\\\b 'a\\b' | |
| 1557 XX a\\\\ b 'a\\', 'b' | |
| 7 | 1558 |
| 1559 Examples > | |
| 1560 | |
| 1561 " Delete everything after here to the end | |
| 1562 :com Ddel +,$d | |
| 1563 | |
| 1564 " Rename the current buffer | |
| 1565 :com -nargs=1 -bang -complete=file Ren f <args>|w<bang> | |
| 1566 | |
| 1567 " Replace a range with the contents of a file | |
| 1568 " (Enter this all as one line) | |
| 1569 :com -range -nargs=1 -complete=file | |
| 1570 Replace <line1>-pu_|<line1>,<line2>d|r <args>|<line1>d | |
| 1571 | |
| 1572 " Count the number of lines in the range | |
| 42 | 1573 :com! -range -nargs=0 Lines echo <line2> - <line1> + 1 "lines" |
| 7 | 1574 |
| 1575 " Call a user function (example of <f-args>) | |
| 1576 :com -nargs=* Mycmd call Myfunc(<f-args>) | |
| 1577 | |
| 1578 When executed as: > | |
| 1579 :Mycmd arg1 arg2 | |
| 1580 This will invoke: > | |
| 1581 :call Myfunc("arg1","arg2") | |
| 1582 | |
| 1583 :" A more substantial example | |
| 1584 :function Allargs(command) | |
| 1619 | 1585 : let i = 0 |
| 1586 : while i < argc() | |
| 1587 : if filereadable(argv(i)) | |
| 1588 : execute "e " . argv(i) | |
| 7 | 1589 : execute a:command |
| 1590 : endif | |
| 1591 : let i = i + 1 | |
| 1592 : endwhile | |
| 1593 :endfunction | |
| 1594 :command -nargs=+ -complete=command Allargs call Allargs(<q-args>) | |
| 1595 | |
| 1596 The command Allargs takes any Vim command(s) as argument and executes it on all | |
| 1597 files in the argument list. Usage example (note use of the "e" flag to ignore | |
| 1598 errors and the "update" command to write modified buffers): > | |
| 1599 :Allargs %s/foo/bar/ge|update | |
| 1600 This will invoke: > | |
| 1601 :call Allargs("%s/foo/bar/ge|update") | |
| 1602 < | |
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1603 When defining a user command in a script, it will be able to call functions |
| 7 | 1604 local to the script and use mappings local to the script. When the user |
| 1605 invokes the user command, it will run in the context of the script it was | |
| 1606 defined in. This matters if |<SID>| is used in a command. | |
| 1607 | |
| 14421 | 1608 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |