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1 *cmdline.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Mar 31
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2
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3
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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5
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6
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7 *Cmdline-mode* *Command-line-mode*
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8 Command-line mode *Cmdline* *Command-line* *mode-cmdline* *:*
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9
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10 Command-line mode is used to enter Ex commands (":"), search patterns
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11 ("/" and "?"), and filter commands ("!").
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12
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13 Basic command line editing is explained in chapter 20 of the user manual
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14 |usr_20.txt|.
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15
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16 1. Command-line editing |cmdline-editing|
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17 2. Command-line completion |cmdline-completion|
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18 3. Ex command-lines |cmdline-lines|
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19 4. Ex command-line ranges |cmdline-ranges|
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20 5. Ex special characters |cmdline-special|
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21 6. Command-line window |cmdline-window|
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22
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23 ==============================================================================
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24 1. Command-line editing *cmdline-editing*
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25
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26 Normally characters are inserted in front of the cursor position. You can
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27 move around in the command-line with the left and right cursor keys. With the
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28 <Insert> key, you can toggle between inserting and overstriking characters.
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29 {Vi: can only alter the last character in the line}
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30
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31 Note that if your keyboard does not have working cursor keys or any of the
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32 other special keys, you can use ":cnoremap" to define another key for them.
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33 For example, to define tcsh style editing keys: *tcsh-style* >
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34 :cnoremap <C-A> <Home>
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35 :cnoremap <C-F> <Right>
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36 :cnoremap <C-B> <Left>
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37 :cnoremap <Esc>b <S-Left>
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38 :cnoremap <Esc>f <S-Right>
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39 (<> notation |<>|; type all this literally)
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40
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41 *cmdline-too-long*
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42 When the command line is getting longer than what fits on the screen, only the
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43 part that fits will be shown. The cursor can only move in this visible part,
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44 thus you cannot edit beyond that.
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45
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46 *cmdline-history* *history*
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47 The command-lines that you enter are remembered in a history table. You can
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48 recall them with the up and down cursor keys. There are actually four
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49 history tables:
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50 - one for ':' commands
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51 - one for search strings
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52 - one for expressions
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53 - one for input lines, typed for the |input()| function.
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54 These are completely separate. Each history can only be accessed when
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55 entering the same type of line.
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56 Use the 'history' option to set the number of lines that are remembered
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57 (default: 20).
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58 Notes:
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59 - When you enter a command-line that is exactly the same as an older one, the
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60 old one is removed (to avoid repeated commands moving older commands out of
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61 the history).
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62 - Only commands that are typed are remembered. Ones that completely come from
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63 mappings are not put in the history
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64 - All searches are put in the search history, including the ones that come
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65 from commands like "*" and "#". But for a mapping, only the last search is
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66 remembered (to avoid that long mappings trash the history).
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67 {Vi: no history}
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68 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist| feature}
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69
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70 There is an automatic completion of names on the command-line; see
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71 |cmdline-completion|.
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72
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73 *c_CTRL-V*
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74 CTRL-V Insert next non-digit literally. Up to three digits form the
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75 decimal value of a single byte. The non-digit and the three
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76 digits are not considered for mapping. This works the same
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77 way as in Insert mode (see above, |i_CTRL-V|).
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78 Note: Under Windows CTRL-V is often mapped to paste text.
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79 Use CTRL-Q instead then.
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80 *c_CTRL-Q*
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81 CTRL-Q Same as CTRL-V. But with some terminals it is used for
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82 control flow, it doesn't work then.
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83
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84 *c_<Left>*
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85 <Left> cursor left
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86 *c_<Right>*
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87 <Right> cursor right
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88 *c_<S-Left>*
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89 <S-Left> or <C-Left> *c_<C-Left>*
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90 cursor one WORD left
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91 *c_<S-Right>*
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92 <S-Right> or <C-Right> *c_<C-Right>*
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93 cursor one WORD right
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94 CTRL-B or <Home> *c_CTRL-B* *c_<Home>*
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95 cursor to beginning of command-line
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96 CTRL-E or <End> *c_CTRL-E* *c_<End>*
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97 cursor to end of command-line
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98
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99 *c_<LeftMouse>*
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100 <LeftMouse> cursor to position of mouse click.
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101
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102 CTRL-H *c_<BS>* *c_CTRL-H*
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103 <BS> delete the character in front of the cursor (see |:fixdel| if
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104 your <BS> key does not do what you want).
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105 *c_<Del>*
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106 <Del> delete the character under the cursor (at end of line:
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107 character before the cursor) (see |:fixdel| if your <Del>
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108 key does not do what you want).
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109 *c_CTRL-W*
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110 CTRL-W delete the word before the cursor
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111 *c_CTRL-U*
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112 CTRL-U remove all characters between the cursor position and
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113 the beginning of the line. Previous versions of vim
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114 deleted all characters on the line. If that is the
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115 preferred behavior, add the following to your .vimrc: >
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116 :cnoremap <C-U> <C-E><C-U>
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117 <
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118 Note: if the command-line becomes empty with one of the
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119 delete commands, Command-line mode is quit.
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120 *c_<Insert>*
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121 <Insert> Toggle between insert and overstrike. {not in Vi}
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122
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123 {char1} <BS> {char2} or *c_digraph*
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124 CTRL-K {char1} {char2} *c_CTRL-K*
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125 enter digraph (see |digraphs|). When {char1} is a special
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126 key, the code for that key is inserted in <> form. {not in Vi}
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127
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128 CTRL-R {0-9a-z"%#:-=.} *c_CTRL-R* *c_<C-R>*
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129 Insert the contents of a numbered or named register. Between
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130 typing CTRL-R and the second character '"' will be displayed
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131 to indicate that you are expected to enter the name of a
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132 register.
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133 The text is inserted as if you typed it, but mappings and
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134 abbreviations are not used. Command-line completion through
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135 'wildchar' is not triggered though. And characters that end
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136 the command line are inserted literally (<Esc>, <CR>, <NL>,
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137 <C-C>). A <BS> or CTRL-W could still end the command line
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138 though, and remaining characters will then be interpreted in
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139 another mode, which might not be what you intended.
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140 Special registers:
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141 '"' the unnamed register, containing the text of
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142 the last delete or yank
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143 '%' the current file name
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144 '#' the alternate file name
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145 '*' the clipboard contents (X11: primary selection)
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146 '+' the clipboard contents
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147 '/' the last search pattern
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148 ':' the last command-line
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149 '-' the last small (less than a line) delete
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150 '.' the last inserted text
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151 *c_CTRL-R_=*
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152 '=' the expression register: you are prompted to
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153 enter an expression (see |expression|)
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154 See |registers| about registers. {not in Vi}
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155
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156 CTRL-R CTRL-F *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-F* *c_<C-R>_<C-F>*
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157 CTRL-R CTRL-P *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-P* *c_<C-R>_<C-P>*
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158 CTRL-R CTRL-W *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-W* *c_<C-R>_<C-W>*
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159 CTRL-R CTRL-A *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-A* *c_<C-R>_<C-A>*
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160 Insert the object under the cursor:
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161 CTRL-F the Filename under the cursor
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162 CTRL-P the Filename under the cursor, expanded with
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163 'path' as in |gf|
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164 CTRL-W the Word under the cursor
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165 CTRL-A the WORD under the cursor; see |WORD|
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166 {not in Vi}
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167 CTRL-F and CTRL-P: {only when +file_in_path feature is
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168 included}
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169
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170 *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-R* *c_<C-R>_<C-R>*
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171 *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-O* *c_<C-R>_<C-O>*
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172 CTRL-R CTRL-R {0-9a-z"%#:-=. CTRL-F CTRL-P CTRL-W CTRL-A}
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173 CTRL-R CTRL-O {0-9a-z"%#:-=. CTRL-F CTRL-P CTRL-W CTRL-A}
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174 Insert register or object under the cursor. Works like
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175 |c_CTRL-R| but inserts the text literally. For example, if
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176 register a contains "xy^Hz" (where ^H is a backspace),
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177 "CTRL-R a" will insert "xz" while "CTRL-R CTRL-R a" will
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178 insert "xy^Hz".
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179
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180 CTRL-\ e {expr} *c_CTRL-\_e*
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181 Evaluate {expr} and replace the whole command line with the
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182 result. You will be prompted for the expression, type <Enter>
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183 to finish it. It's most useful in mappings though. See
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184 |expression|.
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185 See |c_CTRL-R_=| for inserting the result of an expression.
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186 Useful functions are |getcmdline()| and |getcmdpos()|.
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187 The cursor position is unchanged, except when the cursor was
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188 at the end of the line, then it stays at the end.
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189 |setcmdpos()| can be used to set the cursor position.
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190 Example: >
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191 :cmap <F7> <C-\>eAppendSome()<CR>
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192 :func AppendSome()
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193 :let cmd = getcmdline() . " Some()"
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194 :" place the cursor on the )
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195 :call setcmdpos(strlen(cmd))
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196 :return cmd
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197 :endfunc
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198 <
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199 *c_CTRL-Y*
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200 CTRL-Y When there is a modeless selection, copy the selection into
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201 the clipboard. |modeless-selection|
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202 If there is no selection CTRL-Y is inserted as a character.
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203
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204 CTRL-J *c_CTRL-J* *c_<NL>* *c_<CR>*
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205 <CR> or <NL> start entered command
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206 *c_<Esc>*
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207 <Esc> When typed and 'x' not present in 'cpoptions', quit
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208 Command-line mode without executing. In macros or when 'x'
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209 present in 'cpoptions', start entered command.
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210 *c_CTRL-C*
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211 CTRL-C quit command-line without executing
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212
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213 *c_<Up>*
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214 <Up> recall older command-line from history, whose beginning
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215 matches the current command-line (see below).
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216 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist|
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217 feature}
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218 *c_<Down>*
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219 <Down> recall more recent command-line from history, whose beginning
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220 matches the current command-line (see below).
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221 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist|
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222 feature}
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223
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224 *c_<S-Up>* *c_<PageUp>*
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225 <S-Up> or <PageUp>
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226 recall older command-line from history
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227 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist|
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228 feature}
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229 *c_<S-Down>* *c_<PageDown>*
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230 <S-Down> or <PageDown>
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231 recall more recent command-line from history
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232 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist|
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233 feature}
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234
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235 CTRL-D command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|)
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236 'wildchar' option
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237 command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|)
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238 CTRL-N command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|)
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239 CTRL-P command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|)
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240 CTRL-A command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|)
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241 CTRL-L command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|)
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242
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243 *c_CTRL-_*
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244 CTRL-_ a - switch between Hebrew and English keyboard mode, which is
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245 private to the command-line and not related to hkmap.
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246 This is useful when Hebrew text entry is required in the
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247 command-line, searches, abbreviations, etc. Applies only if
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248 Vim is compiled with the |+rightleft| feature and the
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249 'allowrevins' option is set.
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250 See |rileft.txt|.
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251
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252 b - switch between Farsi and English keyboard mode, which is
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253 private to the command-line and not related to fkmap. In
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254 Farsi keyboard mode the characters are inserted in reverse
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255 insert manner. This is useful when Farsi text entry is
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256 required in the command-line, searches, abbreviations, etc.
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257 Applies only if Vim is compiled with the |+farsi| feature.
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258 See |farsi.txt|.
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259
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260 *c_CTRL-^*
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261 CTRL-^ Toggle the use of language |:lmap| mappings and/or Input
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262 Method.
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263 When typing a pattern for a search command and 'imsearch' is
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264 not -1, VAL is the value of 'imsearch', otherwise VAL is the
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265 value of 'iminsert'.
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266 When language mappings are defined:
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267 - If VAL is 1 (langmap mappings used) it becomes 0 (no langmap
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268 mappings used).
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269 - If VAL was not 1 it becomes 1, thus langmap mappings are
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270 enabled.
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271 When no language mappings are defined:
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272 - If VAL is 2 (Input Method is used) it becomes 0 (no input
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273 method used)
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274 - If VAL has another value it becomes 2, thus the Input Method
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275 is enabled.
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276 These language mappings are normally used to type characters
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277 that are different from what the keyboard produces. The
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278 'keymap' option can be used to install a whole number of them.
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279 When entering a command line, langmap mappings are switched
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280 off, since you are expected to type a command. After
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281 switching it on with CTRL-^, the new state is not used again
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282 for the next command or Search pattern.
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283 {not in Vi}
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284
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285 For Emacs-style editing on the command-line see |emacs-keys|.
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286
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287 The <Up> and <Down> keys take the current command-line as a search string.
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288 The beginning of the next/previous command-lines are compared with this
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289 string. The first line that matches is the new command-line. When typing
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290 these two keys repeatedly, the same string is used again. For example, this
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291 can be used to find the previous substitute command: Type ":s" and then <Up>.
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292 The same could be done by typing <S-Up> a number of times until the desired
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293 command-line is shown. (Note: the shifted arrow keys do not work on all
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294 terminals)
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295
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296 *his* *:history*
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297 :his[tory] Print the history of last entered commands.
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298 {not in Vi}
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299 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist|
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300 feature}
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301
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302 :his[tory] [{name}] [{first}][, [{last}]]
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303 List the contents of history {name} which can be:
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304 c[md] or : command-line history
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305 s[earch] or / search string history
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306 e[xpr] or = expression register history
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307 i[nput] or @ input line history
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308 a[ll] all of the above
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309 {not in Vi}
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310
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311 If the numbers {first} and/or {last} are given, the respective
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312 range of entries from a history is listed. These numbers can
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313 be specified in the following form:
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314 *:history-indexing*
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315 A positive number represents the absolute index of an entry
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316 as it is given in the first column of a :history listing.
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317 This number remains fixed even if other entries are deleted.
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318
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319 A negative number means the relative position of an entry,
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320 counted from the newest entry (which has index -1) backwards.
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321
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322 Examples:
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323 List entries 6 to 12 from the search history: >
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324 :history / 6,12
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325 <
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326 List the recent five entries from all histories: >
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327 :history all -5,
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328
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329 ==============================================================================
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330 2. Command-line completion *cmdline-completion*
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331
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332 When editing the command-line, a few commands can be used to complete the
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333 word before the cursor. This is available for:
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334
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335 - Command names: At the start of the command-line.
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336 - Tags: Only after the ":tag" command.
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337 - File names: Only after a command that accepts a file name or a setting for
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338 an option that can be set to a file name. This is called file name
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339 completion.
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340 - Options: Only after the ":set" command.
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341 - Mappings: Only after a ":map" or similar command.
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342 - Variable and function names: Only after a ":if", ":call" or similar command.
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343
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344 When Vim was compiled with the |+cmdline_compl| feature disabled, only file
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345 names, directories and help items can be completed.
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346
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347 These are the commands that can be used:
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348
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349 *c_CTRL-D*
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350 CTRL-D List names that match the pattern in front of the cursor.
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351 When showing file names, directories are highlighted (see
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352 'highlight' option). Names where 'suffixes' matches are moved
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353 to the end.
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354 *c_CTRL-I* *c_wildchar* *c_<Tab>*
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355 'wildchar' option
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356 A match is done on the pattern in front of the cursor. The
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357 match (if there are several, the first match) is inserted
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358 in place of the pattern. (Note: does not work inside a
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359 macro, because <Tab> or <Esc> are mostly used as 'wildchar',
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360 and these have a special meaning in some macros.) When typed
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361 again and there were multiple matches, the next
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362 match is inserted. After the last match, the first is used
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|
363 again (wrap around).
|
|
|
364 The behavior can be changed with the 'wildmode' option.
|
|
|
365 *c_CTRL-N*
|
|
|
366 CTRL-N After using 'wildchar' which got multiple matches, go to next
|
|
|
367 match. Otherwise recall more recent command-line from history.
|
|
|
368 <S-Tab> *c_CTRL-P* *c_<S-Tab>*
|
|
|
369 CTRL-P After using 'wildchar' which got multiple matches, go to
|
|
|
370 previous match. Otherwise recall older command-line from
|
|
|
371 history. <S-Tab> only works with the GUI, on the Amiga and
|
|
|
372 with MS-DOS.
|
|
|
373 *c_CTRL-A*
|
|
|
374 CTRL-A All names that match the pattern in front of the cursor are
|
|
|
375 inserted.
|
|
|
376 *c_CTRL-L*
|
|
|
377 CTRL-L A match is done on the pattern in front of the cursor. If
|
|
|
378 there is one match, it is inserted in place of the pattern.
|
|
|
379 If there are multiple matches the longest common part is
|
|
|
380 inserted in place of the pattern. If the result is shorter
|
|
|
381 than the pattern, no completion is done.
|
|
|
382
|
|
|
383 The 'wildchar' option defaults to <Tab> (CTRL-E when in Vi compatible mode; in
|
|
|
384 a previous version <Esc> was used). In the pattern standard wildcards '*' and
|
|
|
385 '?' are accepted. '*' matches any string, '?' matches exactly one character.
|
|
|
386
|
|
|
387 If you like tcsh's autolist completion, you can use this mapping:
|
|
|
388 :cnoremap X <C-L><C-D>
|
|
|
389 (Where X is the command key to use, <C-L> is CTRL-L and <C-D> is CTRL-D)
|
|
|
390 This will find the longest match and then list all matching files.
|
|
|
391
|
|
|
392 If you like tcsh's autolist completion, you can use the 'wildmode' option to
|
|
|
393 emulate it. For example, this mimics autolist=ambiguous:
|
|
|
394 :set wildmode=longest,list
|
|
|
395 This will find the longest match with the first 'wildchar', then list all
|
|
|
396 matching files with the next.
|
|
|
397
|
|
|
398 *suffixes*
|
|
|
399 For file name completion you can use the 'suffixes' option to set a priority
|
|
|
400 between files with almost the same name. If there are multiple matches,
|
|
|
401 those files with an extension that is in the 'suffixes' option are ignored.
|
|
|
402 The default is ".bak,~,.o,.h,.info,.swp,.obj", which means that files ending
|
|
|
403 in ".bak", "~", ".o", ".h", ".info", ".swp" and ".obj" are sometimes ignored.
|
|
|
404 It is impossible to ignore suffixes with two dots. Examples:
|
|
|
405
|
|
|
406 pattern: files: match: ~
|
|
|
407 test* test.c test.h test.o test.c
|
|
|
408 test* test.h test.o test.h and test.o
|
|
|
409 test* test.i test.h test.c test.i and test.c
|
|
|
410
|
|
|
411 If there is more than one matching file (after ignoring the ones matching
|
|
|
412 the 'suffixes' option) the first file name is inserted. You can see that
|
|
|
413 there is only one match when you type 'wildchar' twice and the completed
|
|
|
414 match stays the same. You can get to the other matches by entering
|
|
|
415 'wildchar', CTRL-N or CTRL-P. All files are included, also the ones with
|
|
|
416 extensions matching the 'suffixes' option.
|
|
|
417
|
|
|
418 To completely ignore files with some extension use 'wildignore'.
|
|
|
419
|
|
|
420 The old value of an option can be obtained by hitting 'wildchar' just after
|
|
|
421 the '='. For example, typing 'wildchar' after ":set dir=" will insert the
|
|
|
422 current value of 'dir'. This overrules file name completion for the options
|
|
|
423 that take a file name.
|
|
|
424
|
|
|
425 If you would like using <S-Tab> for CTRL-P in an xterm, put this command in
|
|
|
426 your .cshrc: >
|
|
|
427 xmodmap -e "keysym Tab = Tab Find"
|
|
|
428 And this in your .vimrc: >
|
|
|
429 :cmap <Esc>[1~ <C-P>
|
|
|
430
|
|
|
431 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
432 3. Ex command-lines *cmdline-lines*
|
|
|
433
|
|
|
434 The Ex commands have a few specialties:
|
|
|
435
|
|
|
436 *:quote*
|
|
|
437 '"' at the start of a line causes the whole line to be ignored. '"'
|
|
|
438 after a command causes the rest of the line to be ignored. This can be used
|
|
|
439 to add comments. Example: >
|
|
|
440 :set ai "set 'autoindent' option
|
|
|
441 It is not possible to add a comment to a shell command ":!cmd" or to the
|
|
|
442 ":map" command and friends, because they see the '"' as part of their
|
|
|
443 argument.
|
|
|
444
|
|
|
445 *:bar* *:\bar*
|
|
|
446 '|' can be used to separate commands, so you can give multiple commands in one
|
|
|
447 line. If you want to use '|' in an argument, precede it with '\'.
|
|
|
448
|
|
|
449 These commands see the '|' as their argument, and can therefore not be
|
|
|
450 followed by another command:
|
|
|
451 :argdo
|
|
|
452 :autocmd
|
|
|
453 :bufdo
|
|
|
454 :command
|
|
|
455 :cscope
|
|
|
456 :debug
|
|
|
457 :folddoopen
|
|
|
458 :folddoclosed
|
|
|
459 :function
|
|
|
460 :global
|
|
|
461 :help
|
|
|
462 :helpfind
|
|
|
463 :make
|
|
|
464 :normal
|
|
|
465 :perl
|
|
|
466 :perldo
|
|
|
467 :promptfind
|
|
|
468 :promptrepl
|
|
|
469 :pyfile
|
|
|
470 :python
|
|
|
471 :registers
|
|
|
472 :read !
|
|
|
473 :scscope
|
|
|
474 :tcl
|
|
|
475 :tcldo
|
|
|
476 :tclfile
|
|
|
477 :vglobal
|
|
|
478 :windo
|
|
|
479 :write !
|
|
|
480 :[range]!
|
|
|
481 a user defined command without the "-bar" argument |:command|
|
|
|
482
|
|
|
483 Note that this is confusing (inherited from Vi): With ":g" the '|' is included
|
|
|
484 in the command, with ":s" it is not.
|
|
|
485
|
|
|
486 To be able to use another command anyway, use the ":execute" command.
|
|
|
487 Example (append the output of "ls" and jump to the first line): >
|
|
|
488 :execute 'r !ls' | '[
|
|
|
489
|
|
|
490 There is one exception: When the 'b' flag is present in 'cpoptions', with the
|
|
|
491 ":map" and ":abbr" commands and friends CTRL-V needs to be used instead of
|
|
|
492 '\'. You can also use "<Bar>" instead. See also |map_bar|.
|
|
|
493
|
|
|
494 Examples: >
|
|
|
495 :!ls | wc view the output of two commands
|
|
|
496 :r !ls | wc insert the same output in the text
|
|
|
497 :%g/foo/p|> moves all matching lines one shiftwidth
|
|
|
498 :%s/foo/bar/|> moves one line one shiftwidth
|
|
|
499 :map q 10^V| map "q" to "10|"
|
|
|
500 :map q 10\| map \ l map "q" to "10\" and map "\" to "l"
|
|
|
501 (when 'b' is present in 'cpoptions')
|
|
|
502
|
|
|
503 You can also use <NL> to separate commands in the same way as with '|'. To
|
|
|
504 insert a <NL> use CTRL-V CTRL-J. "^@" will be shown. Using '|' is the
|
|
|
505 preferred method. But for external commands a <NL> must be used, because a
|
|
|
506 '|' is included in the external command. To avoid the special meaning of <NL>
|
|
|
507 it must be preceded with a backslash. Example: >
|
|
|
508 :r !date<NL>-join
|
|
|
509 This reads the current date into the file and joins it with the previous line.
|
|
|
510
|
|
|
511 Note that when the command before the '|' generates an error, the following
|
|
|
512 commands will not be executed.
|
|
|
513
|
|
|
514
|
|
|
515 Because of Vi compatibility the following strange commands are supported: >
|
|
|
516 :| print current line (like ":p")
|
|
|
517 :3| print line 3 (like ":3p")
|
|
|
518 :3 goto line 3
|
|
|
519
|
|
|
520 A colon is allowed between the range and the command name. It is ignored
|
|
|
521 (this is Vi compatible). For example: >
|
|
|
522 :1,$:s/pat/string
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
524 When the character '%' or '#' is used where a file name is expected, they are
|
|
|
525 expanded to the current and alternate file name (see the chapter "editing
|
|
|
526 files" |:_%| |:_#|).
|
|
|
527
|
|
|
528 Embedded spaces in file names are allowed on the Amiga if one file name is
|
|
|
529 expected as argument. Trailing spaces will be ignored, unless escaped with a
|
|
|
530 backslash or CTRL-V. Note that the ":next" command uses spaces to separate
|
|
|
531 file names. Escape the spaces to include them in a file name. Example: >
|
|
|
532 :next foo\ bar goes\ to school\
|
|
|
533 starts editing the three files "foo bar", "goes to" and "school ".
|
|
|
534
|
|
|
535 When you want to use the special characters '"' or '|' in a command, or want
|
|
|
536 to use '%' or '#' in a file name, precede them with a backslash. The
|
|
|
537 backslash is not required in a range and in the ":substitute" command.
|
|
|
538
|
|
|
539 *:_!*
|
|
|
540 The '!' (bang) character after an Ex command makes the command behave in a
|
|
|
541 different way. The '!' should be placed immediately after the command, without
|
|
|
542 any blanks in between. If you insert blanks the '!' will be seen as an
|
|
|
543 argument for the command, which has a different meaning. For example:
|
|
|
544 :w! name write the current buffer to file "name", overwriting
|
|
|
545 any existing file
|
|
|
546 :w !name send the current buffer as standard input to command
|
|
|
547 "name"
|
|
|
548
|
|
|
549 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
550 4. Ex command-line ranges *cmdline-ranges* *[range]* *E16* *E493*
|
|
|
551
|
|
|
552 Some Ex commands accept a line range in front of them. This is noted as
|
|
|
553 [range]. It consists of one or more line specifiers, separated with ',' or
|
|
|
554 ';'.
|
|
|
555
|
|
|
556 The basics are explained in section |10.3| of the user manual.
|
|
|
557
|
|
|
558 *:,* *:;*
|
|
|
559 When separated with ';' the cursor position will be set to that line
|
|
|
560 before interpreting the next line specifier. This doesn't happen for ','.
|
|
|
561 Examples: >
|
|
|
562 4,/this line/
|
|
|
563 < from line 4 till match with "this line" after the cursor line. >
|
|
|
564 5;/that line/
|
|
|
565 < from line 5 till match with "that line" after line 5.
|
|
|
566
|
|
|
567 The default line specifier for most commands is the cursor position, but the
|
|
|
568 commands ":write" and ":global" have the whole file (1,$) as default.
|
|
|
569
|
|
|
570 If more line specifiers are given than required for the command, the first
|
|
|
571 one(s) will be ignored.
|
|
|
572
|
|
|
573 Line numbers may be specified with: *:range* *E14* *{address}*
|
|
|
574 {number} an absolute line number
|
|
|
575 . the current line *:.*
|
|
|
576 $ the last line in the file *:$*
|
|
|
577 % equal to 1,$ (the entire file) *:%*
|
|
|
578 't position of mark t (lowercase) *:'*
|
|
|
579 'T position of mark T (uppercase); when the mark is in
|
|
|
580 another file it cannot be used in a range
|
|
|
581 /{pattern}[/] the next line where {pattern} matches *:/*
|
|
|
582 ?{pattern}[?] the previous line where {pattern} matches *:?*
|
|
|
583 \/ the next line where the previously used search
|
|
|
584 pattern matches
|
|
|
585 \? the previous line where the previously used search
|
|
|
586 pattern matches
|
|
|
587 \& the next line where the previously used substitute
|
|
|
588 pattern matches
|
|
|
589
|
|
|
590 Each may be followed (several times) by '+' or '-' and an optional number.
|
|
|
591 This number is added or subtracted from the preceding line number. If the
|
|
|
592 number is omitted, 1 is used.
|
|
|
593
|
|
|
594 The "/" and "?" after {pattern} are required to separate the pattern from
|
|
|
595 anything that follows.
|
|
|
596
|
|
|
597 The "/" and "?" may be preceded with another address. The search starts from
|
|
|
598 there. The difference from using ';' is that the cursor isn't moved.
|
|
|
599 Examples: >
|
|
|
600 /pat1//pat2/ Find line containing "pat2" after line containing
|
|
|
601 "pat1", without moving the cursor.
|
|
|
602 7;/pat2/ Find line containing "pat2", after line 7, leaving
|
|
|
603 the cursor in line 7.
|
|
|
604
|
|
|
605 The {number} must be between 0 and the number of lines in the file. When
|
|
|
606 using a 0 (zero) this is interpreted as a 1 by most commands. Commands that
|
|
|
607 use it as a count do use it as a zero (|:tag|, |:pop|, etc). Some commands
|
|
|
608 interpret the zero as "before the first line" (|:read|, search pattern, etc).
|
|
|
609
|
|
|
610 Examples: >
|
|
|
611 .+3 three lines below the cursor
|
|
|
612 /that/+1 the line below the next line containing "that"
|
|
|
613 .,$ from current line until end of file
|
|
|
614 0;/that the first line containing "that", also matches in the
|
|
|
615 first line.
|
|
|
616 1;/that the first line after line 1 containing "that"
|
|
|
617
|
|
|
618 Some commands allow for a count after the command. This count is used as the
|
|
|
619 number of lines to be used, starting with the line given in the last line
|
|
|
620 specifier (the default is the cursor line). The commands that accept a count
|
|
|
621 are the ones that use a range but do not have a file name argument (because
|
|
|
622 a file name can also be a number).
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
624 Examples: >
|
|
|
625 :s/x/X/g 5 substitute 'x' by 'X' in the current line and four
|
|
|
626 following lines
|
|
|
627 :23d 4 delete lines 23, 24, 25 and 26
|
|
|
628
|
|
|
629
|
|
|
630 Folds and Range
|
|
|
631
|
|
|
632 When folds are active the line numbers are rounded off to include the whole
|
|
|
633 closed fold. See |fold-behavior|.
|
|
|
634
|
|
|
635
|
|
|
636 Reverse Range
|
|
|
637
|
|
|
638 A range should have the lower line number first. If this is not the case, Vim
|
|
|
639 will ask you if it should swap the line numbers. This is not done within the
|
|
|
640 global command ":g".
|
|
|
641
|
|
|
642
|
|
|
643 Count and Range *N:*
|
|
|
644
|
|
|
645 When giving a count before entering ":", this is translated into:
|
|
|
646 :.,.+(count - 1)
|
|
|
647 In words: The 'count' lines at and after the cursor. Example: To delete
|
|
|
648 three lines: >
|
|
|
649 3:d<CR> is translated into: .,.+2d<CR>
|
|
|
650 <
|
|
|
651
|
|
|
652 Visual Mode and Range *v_:*
|
|
|
653
|
|
|
654 {Visual}: Starts a command-line with the Visual selected lines as a
|
|
|
655 range. The code ":'<,'>" is used for this range, which makes
|
|
|
656 it possible to select a similar line from the command-line
|
|
|
657 history for repeating a command on different Visually selected
|
|
|
658 lines.
|
|
|
659
|
|
|
660 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
661 5. Ex special characters *cmdline-special*
|
|
|
662
|
|
|
663 In Ex commands, at places where a file name can be used, the following
|
|
|
664 characters have a special meaning. These can also be used in the expression
|
|
|
665 function expand() |expand()|.
|
|
|
666 % is replaced with the current file name *:_%*
|
|
|
667 # is replaced with the alternate file name *:_#*
|
|
|
668 #n (where n is a number) is replaced with the file name of
|
|
|
669 buffer n. "#0" is the same as "#"
|
|
|
670 ## is replaced with all names in the argument list *:_##*
|
|
|
671 concatenated, separated by spaces. Each space in a name
|
|
|
672 is preceded with a backslash.
|
|
|
673 Note that these give the file name as it was typed. If an absolute path is
|
|
|
674 needed (when using the file name from a different directory), you need to add
|
|
|
675 ":p". See |filename-modifiers|.
|
|
|
676 Note that backslashes are inserted before spaces, so that the command will
|
|
|
677 correctly interpret the file name. But this doesn't happen for shell
|
|
|
678 commands. For those you probably have to use quotes: >
|
|
|
679 :!ls "%"
|
|
|
680 :r !spell "%"
|
|
|
681
|
|
|
682 To avoid the special meaning of '%' and '#' insert a backslash before it.
|
|
|
683 Detail: The special meaning is always escaped when there is a backslash before
|
|
|
684 it, no matter how many backslashes.
|
|
|
685 you type: result ~
|
|
|
686 # alternate.file
|
|
|
687 \# #
|
|
|
688 \\# \#
|
|
|
689
|
|
|
690 *:<cword>* *:<cWORD>* *:<cfile>* *<cfile>*
|
|
|
691 *:<sfile>* *<sfile>* *:<afile>* *<afile>*
|
|
|
692 *:<abuf>* *<abuf>* *:<amatch>* *<amatch>*
|
|
|
693 *E495* *E496* *E497* *E498* *E499* *E500*
|
|
|
694 Note: these are typed literally, they are not special keys!
|
|
|
695 <cword> is replaced with the word under the cursor (like |star|)
|
|
|
696 <cWORD> is replaced with the WORD under the cursor (see |WORD|)
|
|
|
697 <cfile> is replaced with the path name under the cursor (like what
|
|
|
698 |gf| uses)
|
|
|
699 <afile> when executing autocommands, is replaced with the file name
|
|
|
700 for a file read or write
|
|
|
701 <abuf> when executing autocommands, is replaced with the currently
|
|
|
702 effective buffer number (for ":r file" it is the current
|
|
|
703 buffer, the file being read is not in a buffer).
|
|
|
704 <amatch> when executing autocommands, is replaced with the match for
|
|
|
705 which this autocommand was executed. It differs form
|
|
|
706 <afile> only when the file name isn't used to match with
|
|
|
707 (for FileType and Syntax events).
|
|
|
708 <sfile> when executing a ":source" command, is replaced with the
|
|
|
709 file name of the sourced file;
|
|
|
710 when executing a function, is replaced with
|
|
|
711 "function {function-name}"; function call nesting is
|
|
|
712 indicated like this:
|
|
|
713 "function {function-name1}..{function-name2}". Note that
|
|
|
714 filename-modifiers are useless when <sfile> is used inside
|
|
|
715 a function.
|
|
|
716
|
|
|
717 *filename-modifiers*
|
|
|
718 *:_%:* *::8* *::p* *::.* *::~* *::h* *::t* *::r* *::e* *::s* *::gs*
|
|
|
719 The file name modifiers can be used after "%", "#", "#n", "<cfile>", "<sfile>",
|
|
|
720 "<afile>" or "<abuf>". They are also used with the |fnamemodify()| function.
|
|
|
721 These are not available when Vim has been compiled without the |+modify_fname|
|
|
|
722 feature.
|
|
|
723 These modifiers can be given, in this order:
|
|
|
724 :p Make file name a full path. Must be the first modifier. Also
|
|
|
725 changes "~/" (and "~user/" for Unix and VMS) to the path for
|
|
|
726 the home directory. If the name is a directory a path
|
|
|
727 separator is added at the end. For a file name that does not
|
|
|
728 exist and does not have an absolute path the result is
|
|
|
729 unpredictable.
|
|
|
730 :8 Converts the path to 8.3 short format (currently only on
|
|
|
731 win32). Will act on as much of a path that is an existing
|
|
|
732 path.
|
|
|
733 :~ Reduce file name to be relative to the home directory, if
|
|
|
734 possible. File name is unmodified if it is not below the home
|
|
|
735 directory.
|
|
|
736 :. Reduce file name to be relative to current directory, if
|
|
|
737 possible. File name is unmodified if it is not below the
|
|
|
738 current directory.
|
|
|
739 For maximum shortness, use ":~:.".
|
|
|
740 :h Head of the file name (the last component and any separators
|
|
|
741 removed). Cannot be used with :e, :r or :t.
|
|
|
742 Can be repeated to remove several components at the end.
|
|
|
743 When the file name ends in a path separator, only the path
|
|
|
744 separator is removed. Thus ":p:h" on a directory name results
|
|
|
745 on the directory name itself (without trailing slash).
|
|
|
746 When the file name is an absolute path (starts with "/" for
|
|
|
747 Unix; "x:\" for MS-DOS, WIN32, OS/2; "drive:" for Amiga), that
|
|
|
748 part is not removed. When there is no head (path is relative
|
|
|
749 to current directory) the result is empty.
|
|
|
750 :t Tail of the file name (last component of the name). Must
|
|
|
751 precede any :r or :e.
|
|
|
752 :r Root of the file name (the last extension removed). When
|
|
|
753 there is only an extension (file name that starts with '.',
|
|
|
754 e.g., ".vimrc"), it is not removed. Can be repeated to remove
|
|
|
755 several extensions (last one first).
|
|
|
756 :e Extension of the file name. Only makes sense when used alone.
|
|
|
757 When there is no extension the result is empty.
|
|
|
758 When there is only an extension (file name that starts with
|
|
|
759 '.'), the result is empty. Can be repeated to include more
|
|
|
760 extensions. If there are not enough extensions (but at least
|
|
|
761 one) as much as possible are included.
|
|
|
762 :s?pat?sub?
|
|
|
763 Substitute the first occurrence of "pat" with "sub". This
|
|
|
764 works like the |:s| command. "pat" is a regular expression.
|
|
|
765 Any character can be used for '?', but it must not occur in
|
|
|
766 "pat" or "sub".
|
|
|
767 After this, the previous modifiers can be used again. For
|
|
|
768 example ":p", to make a full path after the substitution.
|
|
|
769 :gs?pat?sub?
|
|
|
770 Substitute all occurrences of "path" with "sub". Otherwise
|
|
|
771 this works like ":s".
|
|
|
772
|
|
|
773 Examples, when the file name is "src/version.c", current dir
|
|
|
774 "/home/mool/vim": >
|
|
|
775 :p /home/mool/vim/src/version.c
|
|
|
776 :p:. src/version.c
|
|
|
777 :p:~ ~/vim/src/version.c
|
|
|
778 :h src
|
|
|
779 :p:h /home/mool/vim/src
|
|
|
780 :p:h:h /home/mool/vim
|
|
|
781 :t version.c
|
|
|
782 :p:t version.c
|
|
|
783 :r src/version
|
|
|
784 :p:r /home/mool/vim/src/version
|
|
|
785 :t:r version
|
|
|
786 :e c
|
|
|
787 :s?version?main? src/main.c
|
|
|
788 :s?version?main?:p /home/mool/vim/src/main.c
|
|
|
789 :p:gs?/?\\? \home\mool\vim\src\version.c
|
|
|
790
|
|
|
791 Examples, when the file name is "src/version.c.gz": >
|
|
|
792 :p /home/mool/vim/src/version.c.gz
|
|
|
793 :e gz
|
|
|
794 :e:e c.gz
|
|
|
795 :e:e:e c.gz
|
|
|
796 :e:e:r c
|
|
|
797 :r src/version.c
|
|
|
798 :r:e c
|
|
|
799 :r:r src/version
|
|
|
800 :r:r:r src/version
|
|
|
801 <
|
|
|
802 *extension-removal* *:_%<*
|
|
|
803 If a "<" is appended to "%", "#", "#n" or "CTRL-V p" the extension of the file
|
|
|
804 name is removed (everything after and including the last '.' in the file
|
|
|
805 name). This is included for backwards compatibility with version 3.0, the
|
|
|
806 ":r" form is preferred. Examples: >
|
|
|
807
|
|
|
808 % current file name
|
|
|
809 %< current file name without extension
|
|
|
810 # alternate file name for current window
|
|
|
811 #< idem, without extension
|
|
|
812 #31 alternate file number 31
|
|
|
813 #31< idem, without extension
|
|
|
814 <cword> word under the cursor
|
|
|
815 <cWORD> WORD under the cursor (see |WORD|)
|
|
|
816 <cfile> path name under the cursor
|
|
|
817 <cfile>< idem, without extension
|
|
|
818
|
|
|
819 Note: Where a file name is expected wildcards expansion is done. On Unix the
|
|
|
820 shell is used for this, unless it can be done internally (for speed).
|
|
|
821 Backticks also work, like in >
|
|
|
822 :n `echo *.c`
|
|
|
823 (backtick expansion is not possible in |restricted-mode|)
|
|
|
824 But expansion is only done if there are any wildcards before expanding the
|
|
|
825 '%', '#', etc.. This avoids expanding wildcards inside a file name. If you
|
|
|
826 want to expand the result of <cfile>, add a wildcard character to it.
|
|
|
827 Examples: (alternate file name is "?readme?")
|
|
|
828 command expands to ~
|
|
|
829 :e # :e ?readme?
|
|
|
830 :e `ls #` :e {files matching "?readme?"}
|
|
|
831 :e #.* :e {files matching "?readme?.*"}
|
|
|
832 :cd <cfile> :cd {file name under cursor}
|
|
|
833 :cd <cfile>* :cd {file name under cursor plus "*" and then expanded}
|
|
|
834
|
|
|
835 When the expanded argument contains a "!" and it is used for a shell command
|
|
|
836 (":!cmd", ":r !cmd" or ":w !cmd"), it is escaped with a backslash to avoid it
|
|
|
837 being expanded into a previously used command. When the 'shell' option
|
|
|
838 contains "sh", this is done twice, to avoid the shell trying to expand the
|
|
|
839 "!".
|
|
|
840
|
|
|
841 *filename-backslash*
|
|
|
842 For filesystems that use a backslash as directory separator (MS-DOS, Windows,
|
|
|
843 OS/2), it's a bit difficult to recognize a backslash that is used to escape
|
|
|
844 the special meaning of the next character. The general rule is: If the
|
|
|
845 backslash is followed by a normal file name character, it does not have a
|
|
|
846 special meaning. Therefore "\file\foo" is a valid file name, you don't have
|
|
|
847 to type the backslash twice.
|
|
|
848
|
|
|
849 An exception is the '$' sign. It is a valid character in a file name. But
|
|
|
850 to avoid a file name like "$home" to be interpreted as an environment variable,
|
|
|
851 it needs to be preceded by a backslash. Therefore you need to use "/\$home"
|
|
|
852 for the file "$home" in the root directory. A few examples:
|
|
|
853
|
|
|
854 FILE NAME INTERPRETED AS ~
|
|
|
855 $home expanded to value of environment var $home
|
|
|
856 \$home file "$home" in current directory
|
|
|
857 /\$home file "$home" in root directory
|
|
|
858 \\$home file "\\", followed by expanded $home
|
|
|
859
|
|
|
860 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
861 6. Command-line window *cmdline-window* *cmdwin*
|
|
|
862
|
|
|
863 In the command-line window the command line can be edited just like editing
|
|
|
864 text in any window. It is a special kind of window, because you cannot leave
|
|
|
865 it in a normal way.
|
|
|
866 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist| or |+vertsplit|
|
|
|
867 feature}
|
|
|
868
|
|
|
869
|
|
|
870 OPEN
|
|
|
871
|
|
|
872 There are two ways to open the command-line window:
|
|
|
873 1. From Command-line mode, use the key specified with the 'cedit' option.
|
|
|
874 The default is CTRL-F when 'compatible' is not set.
|
|
|
875 2. From Normal mode, use the "q:", "q/" or "q?" command. *q:* *q/* *q?*
|
|
|
876 This starts editing an Ex command-line ("q:") or search string ("q/" or
|
|
|
877 "q?"). Note that this is not possible while recording is in progress (the
|
|
|
878 "q" stops recording then).
|
|
|
879
|
|
|
880 When the window opens it is filled with the command-line history. The last
|
|
|
881 line contains the command as typed so far. The left column will show a
|
|
|
882 character that indicates the type of command-line being edited, see
|
|
|
883 |cmdwin-char|.
|
|
|
884
|
|
|
885 Vim will be in Normal mode when the editor is opened, except when 'insertmode'
|
|
|
886 is set.
|
|
|
887
|
|
|
888 The height of the window is specified with 'cmdwinheight' (or smaller if there
|
|
|
889 is no room). The window is always full width and is positioned just above the
|
|
|
890 command-line.
|
|
|
891
|
|
|
892
|
|
|
893 EDIT
|
|
|
894
|
|
|
895 You can now use commands to move around and edit the text in the window. Both
|
|
|
896 in Normal mode and Insert mode.
|
|
|
897
|
|
|
898 It is possible to use ":", "/" and other commands that use the command-line,
|
|
|
899 but it's not possible to open another command-line window then. There is no
|
|
|
900 nesting.
|
|
|
901 *E11*
|
|
|
902 The command-line window is not a normal window. It is not possible to move to
|
|
|
903 another window or edit another buffer. All commands that would do this are
|
|
|
904 disabled in the command-line window. Of course it _is_ possible to execute
|
|
|
905 any command that you entered in the command-line window.
|
|
|
906
|
|
|
907
|
|
|
908 CLOSE *E199*
|
|
|
909
|
|
|
910 There are several ways to leave the command-line window:
|
|
|
911
|
|
|
912 <CR> Execute the command-line under the cursor. Works both in
|
|
|
913 Insert and in Normal mode.
|
|
|
914 CTRL-C Continue in Command-line mode. The command-line under the
|
|
|
915 cursor is used as the command-line. Works both in Insert and
|
|
|
916 in Normal mode. ":close" also works. There is no redraw,
|
|
|
917 thus the window will remain visible.
|
|
|
918 :quit Discard the command line and go back to Normal mode.
|
|
|
919 ":exit", ":xit" and CTRL-\ CTRL-N also work.
|
|
|
920 :qall Quit Vim, unless there are changes in some buffer.
|
|
|
921 :qall! Quit Vim, discarding changes to any buffer.
|
|
|
922
|
|
|
923 Once the command-line window is closed the old window sizes are restored. The
|
|
|
924 executed command applies to the window and buffer where the command-line was
|
|
|
925 started from. This works as if the command-line window was not there, except
|
|
|
926 that there will be an extra screen redraw.
|
|
|
927 The buffer used for the command-line window is deleted. Any changes to lines
|
|
|
928 other than the one that is executed with <CR> are lost.
|
|
|
929
|
|
|
930
|
|
|
931 VARIOUS
|
|
|
932
|
|
|
933 The command-line window cannot be used:
|
|
|
934 - when there already is a command-line window (no nesting)
|
|
|
935 - for entering a encryption key or when using inputsecret()
|
|
|
936 - when Vim was not compiled with the +vertsplit feature
|
|
|
937
|
|
|
938 Some options are set when the command-line window is opened:
|
|
|
939 'filetype' "vim", when editing an Ex command-line; this starts Vim syntax
|
|
|
940 highlighting if it was enabled
|
|
|
941 'rightleft' off
|
|
|
942 'modifiable' on
|
|
|
943 'buftype' "nofile"
|
|
|
944 'swapfile' off
|
|
|
945
|
|
|
946 It is allowed to write the buffer contents to a file. This is an easy way to
|
|
|
947 save the command-line history and read it back later.
|
|
|
948
|
|
|
949 If the 'wildchar' option is set to <Tab>, and the command-line window is used
|
|
|
950 for an Ex command, then two mappings will be added to use <Tab> for completion
|
|
|
951 in the command-line window, like this: >
|
|
|
952 :imap <buffer> <Tab> <C-X><C-V>
|
|
|
953 :nmap <buffer> <Tab> a<C-X><C-V>
|
|
|
954 Note that hitting <Tab> in Normal mode will do completion on the next
|
|
|
955 character. That way it works at the end of the line.
|
|
|
956 If you don't want these mappings, disable them with: >
|
|
|
957 au CmdwinEnter [:>] iunmap <Tab>
|
|
|
958 au CmdwinEnter [:>] nunmap <Tab>
|
|
|
959 You could put these lines in your vimrc file.
|
|
|
960
|
|
|
961 While in the command-line window you cannot use the mouse to put the cursor in
|
|
|
962 another window, or drag statuslines of other windows. You can drag the
|
|
|
963 statusline of the command-line window itself and the statusline above it.
|
|
|
964 Thus you can resize the command-line window, but not others.
|
|
|
965
|
|
|
966
|
|
|
967 AUTOCOMMANDS
|
|
|
968
|
|
|
969 Two autocommand events are used: |CmdwinEnter| and |CmdwinLeave|. Since this
|
|
|
970 window is of a special type, the WinEnter, WinLeave, BufEnter and BufLeave
|
|
|
971 events are not triggered. You can use the Cmdwin events to do settings
|
|
|
972 specifically for the command-line window. Be careful not to cause side
|
|
|
973 effects!
|
|
|
974 Example: >
|
|
|
975 :au CmdwinEnter : let b:cpt_save = &cpt | set cpt=v
|
|
|
976 :au CmdwinLeave : let &cpt = b:cpt_save
|
|
|
977 This sets 'complete' to use command-line completion in Insert mode for CTRL-N.
|
|
|
978 Another example: >
|
|
|
979 :au CmdwinEnter [/?] startinsert
|
|
|
980 This will make Vim start in Insert mode in the command-line window.
|
|
|
981
|
|
|
982 *cmdwin-char*
|
|
|
983 The character used for the pattern indicates the type of command-line:
|
|
|
984 : normal Ex command
|
|
|
985 > debug mode command |debug-mode|
|
|
|
986 / forward search string
|
|
|
987 ? backward search string
|
|
|
988 = expression for "= |expr-register|
|
|
|
989 @ string for |input()|
|
|
|
990 - text for |:insert| or |:append|
|
|
|
991
|
|
|
992 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
|
