annotate runtime/doc/xxd-it.1 @ 34146:23bb675796f0 v9.1.0034

patch 9.1.0034: Window scrolls unexpectedly when 'scrollbind' is set Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/ac4cffc6d9d307778d8a2945adab70244470bbb8 Author: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> Date: Tue Jan 16 17:22:38 2024 +0100 patch 9.1.0034: Window scrolls unexpectedly when 'scrollbind' is set Problem: Window may unexpectedly scroll when 'scrollbind' is set and setting a buffer-local option using setbufvar() (Boris Staletic) Solution: Save and restore the windows topline before opening the popup window. fixes: #13863 closes: #13869 Signed-off-by: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
author Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
date Tue, 16 Jan 2024 17:30:10 +0100
parents 398e729a5cd9
children c3d7b6a450c0
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1 .TH XXD 1 "Agosto 1996" "Pagina di manuale per xxd"
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2 .\"
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3 .\" 21 Maggio 1996
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4 .\" Autore della pagina di manuale:
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5 .\" Tony Nugent <tony@sctnugen.ppp.gu.edu.au> <T.Nugent@sct.gu.edu.au>
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6 .\" Modificato da Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
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7 .SH NOME
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8 .I xxd
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9 \- Produce lista esadecimale da un file binario o viceversa.
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10 .SH SINTASSI
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11 .B xxd
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12 \-h[elp]
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13 .br
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14 .B xxd
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15 [opzioni] [input_file [output_file]]
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16 .br
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17 .B xxd
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18 \-r[evert] [opzioni] [input_file [output_file]]
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19 .SH DESCRIZIONE
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20 .I xxd
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21 crea un'immagine esadecimale di un dato file o dello `standard input'.
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22 Può anche ricostruire da un'immagine esadecimale il file binario originale.
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23 Come
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24 .BR uuencode (1)
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25 e
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26 .BR uudecode (1)
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27 permette di trasmettere dati binari in una rappresentazione ASCII `a prova
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28 di email', ma ha anche il vantaggio di poter decodificare sullo `standard output'.
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29 Inoltre, può essere usato per effettuare delle modifiche (patch) a file binari.
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30 .SH OPZIONI
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31 Se non si specifica un
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32 .I input_file
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33 il programma legge dallo `standard input'.
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34 Se
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35 .I input_file
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36 è specificato come il carattere
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37 .RB \` \- '
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38 , l'input è letto dallo `standard input'.
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39 Se non si specifica un
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40 .I output_file
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41 (o si mette al suo posto il carattere
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42 .RB \` \- '
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43 ), i risultati sono inviati allo `standard output'.
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44 .PP
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45 Si noti che la scansione dei caratteri è "pigra", e non controlla oltre la prima
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46 lettera di un'opzione, a meno che l'opzione sia seguita da un parametro.
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47 Gli spazi fra una singola lettera di opzione e il relativo parametro sono facoltativi.
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48 I parametri delle opzioni possono essere specificati usando la notazione
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49 decimale, esadecimale oppure ottale.
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50 Pertanto
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51 .BR \-c8 ,
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52 .BR "\-c 8" ,
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53 .B \-c 010
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54 e
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55 .B \-cols 8
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56 sono tutte notazioni equivalenti fra loro.
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57 .PP
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58 .TP
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59 .IR \-a " | " \-autoskip
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60 Richiesta di omissione: Un singolo '*' rimpiazza righe a zeri binari. Default: off.
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61 .TP
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62 .IR \-b " | " \-bits
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63 Richiesta di un'immagine binaria (cifre binarie), invece che esadecimale.
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64 Quest'opzione scrive un byte come otto cifre "1" e "0" invece di usare i
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65 numeri esadecimali. Ogni riga è preceduta da un indirizzo in esadecimale e
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66 seguita da una decodifica ASCII (o EBCDIC). Le opzioni \-p, \-i,
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67 specificabili dalla riga comando, non funzionano in questo modo.
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68 .TP
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69 .IR "\-c colonne " | " \-cols colonne"
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70 In ogni riga sono formattate
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71 .RI < colonne >
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72 colonne. Valore di default 16 (\-i: 12, \-ps: 30, \-b: 6).
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73 Non c'è un valore massimo per \-ps; se si specifica 0 viene scritta un'unica lunga riga di output.
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74 .TP
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75 .IR \-C " | " \-capitalize
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76 Mette in maiuscolo i nomi di variabili nello stile delle `include' C, se si usa \-i.
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77 .TP
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78 .IR \-E " | " \-EBCDIC
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79 Cambia la codifica della colonna di destra da ASCII a EBCDIC.
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80 Questo non modifica la rappresentazione esadecimale. Non ha senso
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81 specificare quest'opzione in combinazione con \-r, \-p o \-i.
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82 .TP
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83 .IR \-e
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84 Considera la lista esadecimale come avente codifica `little-endian'.
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85 Quest'opzione tratta i gruppi di byte come parole in codifica `little-endian'.
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86 Il raggruppamento di default dei byte a 4 a 4 può essere cambiato usando
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87 .RI "" \-g .
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88 Quest'opzione si applica solo alla lista esadecimale, Lasciando inalterata
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89 la rappresentazione ASCII (or EBCDIC).
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90 Le opzioni della riga di comando
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91 \-r, \-p, \-i non funzionano in questa modalità.
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92 .TP
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93 .IR "\-g numero " | " \-groupsize numero"
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94 Separa ogni gruppo di
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95 .RI < numero >
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96 byte in output (di due caratteri esadecimali o otto caratteri binari ognuno) con uno spazio bianco.
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97 Specificando
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98 .I \-g 0
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99 i byte di output non sono separati da alcuno spazio.
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100 .RI < Numero "> ha come valore di default " 2
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101 in modalità normale [esadecimale], \fI4\fP in modalità `little-endian' e \fI1\fP in modalità binaria.
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102 Il raggruppamento non si applica agli stili `PostScript' e `include'.
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103 .TP
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104 .IR \-h " | " \-help
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105 Stampa un sommario dei comandi disponibili ed esce. Non viene fatto null'altro.
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106 .TP
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107 .IR \-i " | " \-include
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108 L'output è un file `include' in C. Viene preparata la definizione completa del
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109 vettore (col nome del file di input), tranne quando xxd legga dallo `standard input'.
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110 .TP
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111 .IR "\-l numero " | " \-len numero"
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112 Il programma esce dopo aver scritto
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113 .RI < numero >
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114 byte.
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115 .TP
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116 .I "\-n nome " | " \-name nome"
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117 Specifica il nome del vettore in output quando si usa \-i. Il vettore viene chiamato
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118 \fInome\fP e la sua lunghezza viene chiamata \fInome\fP_len.
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119 .TP
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120 .I \-o incremento
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121 Aggiunge
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122 .RI < incremento >
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123 alla posizione visualizzata dei byte del file.
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124 .TP
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125 .IR \-p " | " \-ps " | " \-postscript " | " \-plain
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126 L'output è nello stile di un dump esadecimale continuo sotto postscript.
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127 Noto anche come stile esadecimale semplice.
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128 .TP
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129 .IR \-r " | " \-revert
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130 Ricostruisce: converte (o mette una patch) da immagine esadecimale, a file binario.
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131 Se non scrive sullo `standard output', xxd scrive nel file di output in maniera
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132 continua, senza interruzioni. Usare la combinazione
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133 .I \-r \-p
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134 per leggere un dump in stile esadecimale semplice, senza l'informazione del numero
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135 di riga e senza un particolare tracciato di colonna. Spazi o righe vuote
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136 possono essere presenti dappertutto [e vengono ignorati]. Usare la combinazione
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137 .I \-r \-b
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138 per leggere un dump binario, invece che un dump esadecimale.
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139 .TP
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140 .IR \-R " "[quando]
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141 Nell'output i valori esadecimali e i caratteri corrispondenti hanno entrambi
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142 lo stesso colore, a seconda del valore esadecimale. Utile soprattutto a
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143 distinguere i caratteri stampabili da quelli non stampabili.
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144 .I quando
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145 può assumere i valori
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146 .BR never ", " always ", o " auto .
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147 Quando la variabile d'ambiente
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148 .BR $NO_COLOR
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149 è impostata, la colorazione viene disabilitata.
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150 .TP
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151 .I \-seek distanza
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152 Usato con l'opzione
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153 .IR \-r :
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154 (ricostruzione),
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155 .RI < distanza >
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156 viene aggiunta alla posizione nel file trovata nella immagine esadecimale.
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157 .TP
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158 .I \-s [+][\-]seek
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159 Inizia a
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160 .RI < seek >
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161 byte assoluti (o relativi) di distanza all'interno di input_file.
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162 \fI+ \fRindica che il `seek' è relativo alla posizione corrente nel file `standard input'
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163 (non significativo quando non si legge da `standard input'). \fI\- \fRindica che il
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164 `seek' dovrebbe posizionarsi al numero specificato di caratteri dalla fine dell'input
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165 (o se in combinazione con \fI+ \fR: prima della posizione corrente nel file `standard input').
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166 Se non si specifica l'opzione \-s, xxd inizia dalla posizione corrente all'interno del file.
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167 .TP
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168 .I \-u
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169 Usa lettere esadecimali maiuscole. Per default si usano lettere minuscole.
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170 .TP
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171 .IR \-v " | " \-version
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172 Visualizza la stringa contenente la versione del programma.
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173 .SH ATTENZIONE
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174 .PP
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175 .I xxd \-r
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176 è capace di operare "magie" nell'utilizzare l'informazione "numero di riga".
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177 Se è possibili posizionarsi tramite `seek' sul file di output, il numero di riga
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178 di ogni riga esadecimale può essere non ordinato, delle righe possono mancare, o
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179 sovrapporsi. In tal caso xxd userà lseek(2) per posizionarsi all'interno del file.
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180 Se per il file di output non si può usare `seek', sono permessi solo dei "buchi", che saranno riempiti con zeri binari.
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181 .PP
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182 .I xxd \-r
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183 non genera mai errori per parametri errati. I parametri extra sono silenziosamente ignorati.
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184 .PP
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185 Nel modificare immagini esadecimali, si tenga conto che
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186 .I xxd \-r
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187 salta il resto della riga, dopo aver letto i caratteri contenenti dati esadecimali
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188 (vedere opzione \-c). Ciò implica pure che le modifiche alle colonne di caratteri
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189 stampabili ASCII (o EBCDIC) sono sempre ignorate. La ricostruzione da un file immagine
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190 esadecimale in stile semplice (postscript) con xxd \-r \-p non dipende dal numero corretto di colonne. In questo caso, qualsiasi cosa assomigli a una coppia di cifre esadecimali è interpretata [e utilizzata].
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191 .PP
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192 Notare la differenza fra
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193 .br
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194 \fI% xxd \-i file\fR
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195 .br
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196 e
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197 .br
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198 \fI% xxd \-i \< file\fR
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199 .PP
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200 .I xxd \-s \+seek
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201 può comportarsi in modo diverso da
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202 .IR "xxd \-s seek" ,
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203 perché lseek(2) è usata per tornare indietro nel file di input. Il '+'
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204 fa differenza se il file di input è lo `standard input', e se la posizione nel
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205 file di `standard input' non è all'inizio del file quando xxd è eseguito, e riceve input.
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206 I seguenti esempi possono contribuire a chiarire il concetto (o ad oscurarlo!)...
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207 .PP
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208 Riavvolge lo `standard input' prima di leggere; necessario perché `cat'
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209 ha già letto lo stesso file fino alla fine dello `standard input'.
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210 .br
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211 \fI% sh \-c "cat > copia_normale; xxd \-s 0 > copia_esadecimale" < file\fR
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212 .PP
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213 Stampa immagine esadecimale dalla posizione file 0x480 (=1024+128) in poi.
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214 Il segno `+' vuol dire "rispetto alla posizione corrente", quindi il `128'
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215 si aggiunge a 1k (1024) dove `dd' si era fermato.
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216 .br
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217 \fI% sh \-c "dd of=normale bs=1k count=1; xxd \-s +128 > esadecimale" < file\fR
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218 .PP
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219 Immagine esadecimale dalla posizione 0x100 (=1024\-768 ) del file in avanti.
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220 .br
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221 \fI% sh \-c "dd of=normale bs=1k count=1; xxd \-s +\-768 > esadecimale" < file
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222 .PP
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223 Comunque, questo capita raramente, e l'uso del `+' non serve quasi mai.
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224 L'autore preferisce monitorare il comportamento di xxd con strace(1) o truss(1), quando si usa l'opzione \-s.
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225 .SH ESEMPI
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226 .PP
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227 .br
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228 Stampa tutto tranne le prime tre righe (0x30 byte in esadecimale) di
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229 .BR file .
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230 .br
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231 \fI% xxd \-s 0x30 file\fR
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232 .PP
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233 .br
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234 Stampa 3 righe (0x30 byte in esadecimale) alla fine di
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235 .BR file .
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236 .br
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237 \fI% xxd \-s \-0x30 file
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238 .PP
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239 .br
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240 Stampa 120 byte come immagine esadecimale continua con 20 byte per riga.
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241 .br
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242 \fI% xxd \-l 120 \-ps \-c 20 xxd.1\fR
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243 .br
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244 2e54482058584420312022417567757374203139
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245 .br
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246 39362220224d616e75616c207061676520666f72
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247 .br
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248 20787864220a2e5c220a2e5c222032317374204d
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249 .br
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250 617920313939360a2e5c22204d616e2070616765
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251 .br
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252 20617574686f723a0a2e5c2220202020546f6e79
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253 .br
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254 204e7567656e74203c746f6e79407363746e7567
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255 .br
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256
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257 .br
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258 Stampa i primi 120 byte della pagina di manuale xxd.1 a 12 byte per riga.
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259 .br
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260 \fI% xxd \-l 120 \-c 12 xxd.1\fR
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261 .br
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262 0000000: 2e54 4820 5858 4420 3120 2241 .TH XXD 1 "A
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263 .br
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264 000000c: 7567 7573 7420 3139 3936 2220 ugust 1996"
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265 .br
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266 0000018: 224d 616e 7561 6c20 7061 6765 "Manual page
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267 .br
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268 0000024: 2066 6f72 2078 7864 220a 2e5c for xxd"..\\
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269 .br
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270 0000030: 220a 2e5c 2220 3231 7374 204d "..\\" 21st M
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271 .br
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272 000003c: 6179 2031 3939 360a 2e5c 2220 ay 1996..\\"
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273 .br
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274 0000048: 4d61 6e20 7061 6765 2061 7574 Man page aut
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275 .br
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276 0000054: 686f 723a 0a2e 5c22 2020 2020 hor:..\\"
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277 .br
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278 0000060: 546f 6e79 204e 7567 656e 7420 Tony Nugent
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279 .br
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280 000006c: 3c74 6f6e 7940 7363 746e 7567 <tony@sctnug
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281 .PP
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282 .br
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283 Visualizza la data dal file xxd.1
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284 .br
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285 \fI% xxd \-s 0x36 \-l 13 \-c 13 xxd.1\fR
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286 .br
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287 0000036: 3231 7374 204d 6179 2031 3939 36 21st May 1996
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288 .PP
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289 .br
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290 Copiare
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291 .B input_file
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292 su
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293 .B output_file
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294 premettendogli 100 byte a 0x00.
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295 .br
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296 \fI% xxd input_file | xxd \-r \-s 100 > output_file\fR
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297 .br
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298
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299 .br
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300 Modificare (patch) la data nel file xxd.1
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301 .br
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302 \fI% echo "0000037: 3574 68" | xxd \-r \- xxd.1\fR
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303 .br
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304 \fI% xxd \-s 0x36 \-l 13 \-c 13 xxd.1\fR
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305 .br
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306 0000036: 3235 7468 204d 6179 2031 3939 36 25th May 1996
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307 .PP
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308 .br
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309 Creare un file di 65537 byte tutto a 0x00,
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310 tranne l'ultimo carattere che è una 'A' (esadecimale 0x41).
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311 .br
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312 \fI% echo "010000: 41" | xxd \-r > file\fR
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313 .PP
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314 .br
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315 Stampa una immagine esadecimale del file di cui sopra con opzione autoskip.
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316 .br
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317 \fI% xxd \-a \-c 12 file\fR
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318 .br
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319 0000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ............
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320 .br
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321 *
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322 .br
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323 000fffc: 0000 0000 40 ....A
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324 .PP
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325 Creare un file di 1 byte che contiene il solo carattere 'A'.
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326 Il numero dopo '\-r \-s' viene aggiunto a quello trovato nel file;
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327 in pratica, i byte precedenti non sono stampati.
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328 .br
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329 \fI% echo "010000: 41" | xxd \-r \-s \-0x10000 > file\fR
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330 .PP
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331 Usare xxd come filtro all'interno di un editor come
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332 .B vim(1)
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333 per ottenere l'immagine esadecimale della parte di file fra i marcatori `a' e `z'.
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334 .br
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335 \fI:'a,'z!xxd\fR
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336 .PP
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337 Usare xxd come filtro all'interno di un editor come
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338 .B vim(1)
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339 per ricostruire un pezzo di file binario da un'immagine esadecimale fra i marcatori `a' e `z'.
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340 .br
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341 \fI:'a,'z!xxd \-r\fR
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342 .PP
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343 Usare xxd come filtro all'interno di un editor come
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344 .B vim(1)
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345 per ricostruire una sola riga di file binario da un'immagine esadecimale. Portare il cursore sopra la riga e battere:
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346 .br
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347 \fI!!xxd \-r\fR
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348 .PP
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349 Leggere singoli caratteri da una linea seriale
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350 .br
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351 \fI% xxd \-c1 < /dev/term/b &\fR
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352 .br
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353 \fI% stty < /dev/term/b \-echo \-opost \-isig \-icanon min 1\fR
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354 .br
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355 \fI% echo \-n foo > /dev/term/b\fR
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356 .PP
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357 .SH CODICI DI RITORNO
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358 Il programma può restituire questi codici di errore:
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359 .TP
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360 0
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361 nessun errore rilevato.
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362 .TP
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363 \-1
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364 operazione non supportata
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365 \%(\c
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366 .I xxd \-r \-i
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367 non ancora possible).
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368 .TP
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369 1
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370 errore durante la scansione parametri.
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371 .TP
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372 2
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373 problemi con il file di input.
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374 .TP
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375 3
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376 problemi con il file di output.
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377 .TP
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378 4,5
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379 posizione `seek' specificata non raggiungibile all'interno del file.
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380 .SH VEDERE ANCHE
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381 uuencode(1), uudecode(1), patch(1)
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382 .br
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383 .SH AVVERTIMENTI
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384 La stranezza dello strumento rispecchia la mente del suo creatore.
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385 Usate a vostro rischio e pericolo. Copiate i file. Tracciate l'esecuzione. Diventate un mago.
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386 .br
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387 .SH VERSIONE
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388 Questa pagina di manuale documenta la versione 1.7 di xxd.
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389 .SH AUTORE
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390 .br
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391 (c) 1990-1997 Juergen Weigert
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392 .br
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393 <jnweiger@informatik.uni\-erlangen.de>
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394 .LP
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395 Distribuite liberamente ed attribuitemi il credito,
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396 .br
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397 fate soldi e condivideteli con me
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398 .br
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399 perdete soldi e non venite a chiederli a me.
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400 .PP
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401 Pagina di manuale iniziata da Tony Nugent
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402 .br
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403 <tony@sctnugen.ppp.gu.edu.au> <T.Nugent@sct.gu.edu.au>
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404 .br
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405 Piccole modifiche di Bram Moolenaar.
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406 Modificato da Juergen Weigert.
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407 .PP