annotate runtime/doc/vim.1 @ 27907:172f5b915674

Added tag v8.2.4478 for changeset 11141b2ec0e1b50ac6aa100a4879c034490c8e9f
author Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
date Sat, 26 Feb 2022 17:15:04 +0100
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1 .TH VIM 1 "2021 Jun 13"
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2 .SH NAME
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3 vim \- Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor
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4 .SH SYNOPSIS
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5 .br
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6 .B vim
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7 [options] [file ..]
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8 .br
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9 .B vim
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10 [options] \-
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11 .br
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12 .B vim
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13 [options] \-t tag
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14 .br
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15 .B vim
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16 [options] \-q [errorfile]
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17 .PP
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18 .br
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19 .B ex
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20 .br
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21 .B view
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22 .br
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23 .B gvim
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24 .B gview
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25 .B evim
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26 .B eview
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27 .br
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28 .B rvim
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29 .B rview
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30 .B rgvim
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31 .B rgview
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32 .SH DESCRIPTION
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33 .B Vim
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34 is a text editor that is upwards compatible to Vi.
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35 It can be used to edit all kinds of plain text.
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36 It is especially useful for editing programs.
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37 .PP
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38 There are a lot of enhancements above Vi: multi level undo,
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39 multi windows and buffers, syntax highlighting, command line
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40 editing, filename completion, on-line help, visual selection, etc..
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41 See ":help vi_diff.txt" for a summary of the differences between
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42 .B Vim
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43 and Vi.
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44 .PP
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45 While running
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46 .B Vim
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47 a lot of help can be obtained from the on-line help system, with the ":help"
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48 command.
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49 See the ON-LINE HELP section below.
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50 .PP
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51 Most often
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52 .B Vim
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53 is started to edit a single file with the command
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54 .PP
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55 vim file
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56 .PP
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57 More generally
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58 .B Vim
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59 is started with:
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60 .PP
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61 vim [options] [filelist]
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62 .PP
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63 If the filelist is missing, the editor will start with an empty buffer.
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64 Otherwise exactly one out of the following four may be used to choose one or
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65 more files to be edited.
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66 .TP 12
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67 file ..
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68 A list of filenames.
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69 The first one will be the current file and read into the buffer.
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70 The cursor will be positioned on the first line of the buffer.
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71 You can get to the other files with the ":next" command.
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72 To edit a file that starts with a dash, precede the filelist with "\-\-".
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73 .TP
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74 \-
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75 The file to edit is read from stdin. Commands are read from stderr, which
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76 should be a tty.
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77 .TP
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78 \-t {tag}
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79 The file to edit and the initial cursor position depends on a "tag", a sort
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80 of goto label.
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81 {tag} is looked up in the tags file, the associated file becomes the current
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82 file and the associated command is executed.
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83 Mostly this is used for C programs, in which case {tag} could be a function
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84 name.
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85 The effect is that the file containing that function becomes the current file
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86 and the cursor is positioned on the start of the function.
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87 See ":help tag\-commands".
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88 .TP
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89 \-q [errorfile]
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90 Start in quickFix mode.
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91 The file [errorfile] is read and the first error is displayed.
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92 If [errorfile] is omitted, the filename is obtained from the 'errorfile'
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93 option (defaults to "AztecC.Err" for the Amiga, "errors.err" on other
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94 systems).
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95 Further errors can be jumped to with the ":cn" command.
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96 See ":help quickfix".
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97 .PP
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98 .B Vim
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99 behaves differently, depending on the name of the command (the executable may
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100 still be the same file).
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101 .TP 10
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102 vim
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103 The "normal" way, everything is default.
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104 .TP
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105 ex
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106 Start in Ex mode.
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107 Go to Normal mode with the ":vi" command.
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108 Can also be done with the "\-e" argument.
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109 .TP
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110 view
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111 Start in read-only mode. You will be protected from writing the files.
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112 Can also be done with the "\-R" argument.
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113 .TP
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114 gvim gview
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115 The GUI version.
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116 Starts a new window.
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117 Can also be done with the "\-g" argument.
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118 .TP
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119 evim eview
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120 The GUI version in easy mode.
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121 Starts a new window.
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122 Can also be done with the "\-y" argument.
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123 .TP
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124 rvim rview rgvim rgview
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125 Like the above, but with restrictions. It will not be possible to start shell
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126 commands, or suspend
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127 .B Vim.
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128 Can also be done with the "\-Z" argument.
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129 .SH OPTIONS
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130 The options may be given in any order, before or after filenames.
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131 Options without an argument can be combined after a single dash.
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132 .TP 12
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133 +[num]
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134 For the first file the cursor will be positioned on line "num".
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135 If "num" is missing, the cursor will be positioned on the last line.
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136 .TP
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137 +/{pat}
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138 For the first file the cursor will be positioned in the line with the
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139 first occurrence of {pat}.
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140 See ":help search\-pattern" for the available search patterns.
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141 .TP
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142 +{command}
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143 .TP
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144 \-c {command}
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145 {command} will be executed after the first file has been read.
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146 {command} is interpreted as an Ex command.
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147 If the {command} contains spaces it must be enclosed in double quotes (this
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148 depends on the shell that is used).
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149 Example: vim "+set si" main.c
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150 .br
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151 Note: You can use up to 10 "+" or "\-c" commands.
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152 .TP
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153 \-S {file}
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154 {file} will be sourced after the first file has been read.
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155 This is equivalent to \-c "source {file}".
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156 {file} cannot start with '\-'.
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157 If {file} is omitted "Session.vim" is used (only works when \-S is the last
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158 argument).
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159 .TP
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160 \-\-cmd {command}
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161 Like using "\-c", but the command is executed just before
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162 processing any vimrc file.
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163 You can use up to 10 of these commands, independently from "\-c" commands.
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164 .TP
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165 \-A
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166 If
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167 .B Vim
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168 has been compiled with ARABIC support for editing right-to-left
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169 oriented files and Arabic keyboard mapping, this option starts
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170 .B Vim
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171 in Arabic mode, i.e. 'arabic' is set. Otherwise an error
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172 message is given and
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173 .B Vim
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174 aborts.
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175 .TP
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176 \-b
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177 Binary mode.
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178 A few options will be set that makes it possible to edit a binary or
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179 executable file.
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180 .TP
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181 \-C
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182 Compatible. Set the 'compatible' option.
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183 This will make
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184 .B Vim
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185 behave mostly like Vi, even though a .vimrc file exists.
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186 .TP
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187 \-d
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188 Start in diff mode.
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189 There should between two to eight file name arguments.
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190 .B Vim
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191 will open all the files and show differences between them.
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192 Works like vimdiff(1).
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193 .TP
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194 \-d {device}
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195 Open {device} for use as a terminal.
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196 Only on the Amiga.
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197 Example:
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198 "\-d con:20/30/600/150".
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199 .TP
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200 \-D
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201 Debugging. Go to debugging mode when executing the first command from a
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202 script.
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203 .TP
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204 \-e
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205 Start
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206 .B Vim
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207 in Ex mode, just like the executable was called "ex".
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208 .TP
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209 \-E
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210 Start
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211 .B Vim
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212 in improved Ex mode, just like the executable was called "exim".
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213 .TP
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214 \-f
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215 Foreground. For the GUI version,
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216 .B Vim
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217 will not fork and detach from the shell it was started in.
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218 On the Amiga,
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219 .B Vim
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220 is not restarted to open a new window.
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221 This option should be used when
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222 .B Vim
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223 is executed by a program that will wait for the edit
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224 session to finish (e.g. mail).
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225 On the Amiga the ":sh" and ":!" commands will not work.
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226 .TP
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227 \-\-nofork
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228 Foreground. For the GUI version,
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229 .B Vim
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230 will not fork and detach from the shell it was started in.
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231 .TP
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232 \-F
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233 If
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234 .B Vim
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235 has been compiled with FKMAP support for editing right-to-left
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236 oriented files and Farsi keyboard mapping, this option starts
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237 .B Vim
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238 in Farsi mode, i.e. 'fkmap' and 'rightleft' are set.
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239 Otherwise an error message is given and
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240 .B Vim
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241 aborts.
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242 .TP
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243 \-g
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244 If
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245 .B Vim
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246 has been compiled with GUI support, this option enables the GUI.
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247 If no GUI support was compiled in, an error message is given and
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248 .B Vim
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249 aborts.
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250 .TP
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251 \-h
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252 Give a bit of help about the command line arguments and options.
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253 After this
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254 .B Vim
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255 exits.
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256 .TP
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257 \-H
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258 If
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259 .B Vim
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260 has been compiled with RIGHTLEFT support for editing right-to-left
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261 oriented files and Hebrew keyboard mapping, this option starts
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262 .B Vim
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263 in Hebrew mode, i.e. 'hkmap' and 'rightleft' are set.
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264 Otherwise an error message is given and
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265 .B Vim
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266 aborts.
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267 .TP
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268 \-i {viminfo}
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269 Specifies the filename to use when reading or writing the viminfo file,
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270 instead of the default "~/.viminfo".
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271 This can also be used to skip the use of the .viminfo file, by giving the name
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272 "NONE".
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273 .TP
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274 \-L
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275 Same as \-r.
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276 .TP
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277 \-l
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278 Lisp mode.
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279 Sets the 'lisp' and 'showmatch' options on.
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280 .TP
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281 \-m
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282 Modifying files is disabled.
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283 Resets the 'write' option.
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284 You can still modify the buffer, but writing a file is not possible.
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285 .TP
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286 \-M
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287 Modifications not allowed. The 'modifiable' and 'write' options will be unset,
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288 so that changes are not allowed and files can not be written. Note that these
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289 options can be set to enable making modifications.
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290 .TP
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291 \-N
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292 No-compatible mode. Resets the 'compatible' option.
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293 This will make
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294 .B Vim
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295 behave a bit better, but less Vi compatible, even though a .vimrc file does
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296 not exist.
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297 .TP
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298 \-n
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299 No swap file will be used.
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300 Recovery after a crash will be impossible.
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301 Handy if you want to edit a file on a very slow medium (e.g. floppy).
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302 Can also be done with ":set uc=0".
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303 Can be undone with ":set uc=200".
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304 .TP
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305 \-nb
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306 Become an editor server for NetBeans. See the docs for details.
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307 .TP
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308 \-o[N]
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309 Open N windows stacked.
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310 When N is omitted, open one window for each file.
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311 .TP
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312 \-O[N]
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313 Open N windows side by side.
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314 When N is omitted, open one window for each file.
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315 .TP
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316 \-p[N]
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317 Open N tab pages.
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318 When N is omitted, open one tab page for each file.
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319 .TP
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320 \-R
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321 Read-only mode.
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322 The 'readonly' option will be set.
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323 You can still edit the buffer, but will be prevented from accidentally
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324 overwriting a file.
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325 If you do want to overwrite a file, add an exclamation mark to the Ex command,
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326 as in ":w!".
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327 The \-R option also implies the \-n option (see above).
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328 The 'readonly' option can be reset with ":set noro".
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329 See ":help 'readonly'".
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330 .TP
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331 \-r
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332 List swap files, with information about using them for recovery.
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333 .TP
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334 \-r {file}
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335 Recovery mode.
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336 The swap file is used to recover a crashed editing session.
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337 The swap file is a file with the same filename as the text file with ".swp"
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338 appended.
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339 See ":help recovery".
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340 .TP
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341 \-s
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342 Silent mode. Only when started as "Ex" or when the "\-e" option was given
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343 before the "\-s" option.
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344 .TP
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345 \-s {scriptin}
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346 The script file {scriptin} is read.
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347 The characters in the file are interpreted as if you had typed them.
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348 The same can be done with the command ":source! {scriptin}".
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349 If the end of the file is reached before the editor exits, further characters
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350 are read from the keyboard.
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351 .TP
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352 \-T {terminal}
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353 Tells
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354 .B Vim
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355 the name of the terminal you are using.
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356 Only required when the automatic way doesn't work.
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357 Should be a terminal known to
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358 .B Vim
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359 (builtin) or defined in the termcap or terminfo file.
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360 .TP
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361 \-u {vimrc}
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362 Use the commands in the file {vimrc} for initializations.
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363 All the other initializations are skipped.
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364 Use this to edit a special kind of files.
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365 It can also be used to skip all initializations by giving the name "NONE".
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366 See ":help initialization" within vim for more details.
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367 .TP
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368 \-U {gvimrc}
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369 Use the commands in the file {gvimrc} for GUI initializations.
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370 All the other GUI initializations are skipped.
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371 It can also be used to skip all GUI initializations by giving the name "NONE".
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372 See ":help gui\-init" within vim for more details.
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373 .TP
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374 \-V[N]
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375 Verbose. Give messages about which files are sourced and for reading and
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376 writing a viminfo file. The optional number N is the value for 'verbose'.
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377 Default is 10.
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378 .TP
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379 \-v
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380 Start
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381 .B Vim
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382 in Vi mode, just like the executable was called "vi". This only has effect
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383 when the executable is called "ex".
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384 .TP
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385 \-w {scriptout}
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386 All the characters that you type are recorded in the file
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387 {scriptout}, until you exit
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388 .B Vim.
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389 This is useful if you want to create a script file to be used with "vim \-s" or
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390 ":source!".
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391 If the {scriptout} file exists, characters are appended.
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392 .TP
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393 \-W {scriptout}
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394 Like \-w, but an existing file is overwritten.
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395 .TP
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396 \-x
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397 Use encryption when writing files. Will prompt for a crypt key.
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398 .TP
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399 \-X
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400 Don't connect to the X server. Shortens startup time in a terminal, but the
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401 window title and clipboard will not be used.
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402 .TP
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403 \-y
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404 Start
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405 .B Vim
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406 in easy mode, just like the executable was called "evim" or "eview".
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407 Makes
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408 .B Vim
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409 behave like a click-and-type editor.
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410 .TP
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411 \-Z
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412 Restricted mode. Works like the executable starts with "r".
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413 .TP
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414 \-\-
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415 Denotes the end of the options.
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416 Arguments after this will be handled as a file name.
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417 This can be used to edit a filename that starts with a '\-'.
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418 .TP
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419 \-\-clean
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420 Do not use any personal configuration (vimrc, plugins, etc.). Useful to see if
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421 a problem reproduces with a clean Vim setup.
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422 .TP
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423 \-\-echo\-wid
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424 GTK GUI only: Echo the Window ID on stdout.
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425 .TP
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426 \-\-help
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427 Give a help message and exit, just like "\-h".
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428 .TP
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429 \-\-literal
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430 Take file name arguments literally, do not expand wildcards. This has no
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431 effect on Unix where the shell expands wildcards.
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432 .TP
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433 \-\-noplugin
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434 Skip loading plugins. Implied by \-u NONE.
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435 .TP
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436 \-\-remote
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437 Connect to a Vim server and make it edit the files given in the rest of the
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438 arguments. If no server is found a warning is given and the files are edited
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439 in the current Vim.
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440 .TP
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441 \-\-remote\-expr {expr}
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442 Connect to a Vim server, evaluate {expr} in it and print the result on stdout.
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443 .TP
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444 \-\-remote\-send {keys}
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445 Connect to a Vim server and send {keys} to it.
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446 .TP
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447 \-\-remote\-silent
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448 As \-\-remote, but without the warning when no server is found.
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449 .TP
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450 \-\-remote\-wait
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451 As \-\-remote, but Vim does not exit until the files have been edited.
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452 .TP
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453 \-\-remote\-wait\-silent
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454 As \-\-remote\-wait, but without the warning when no server is found.
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455 .TP
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456 \-\-serverlist
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457 List the names of all Vim servers that can be found.
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458 .TP
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459 \-\-servername {name}
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460 Use {name} as the server name. Used for the current Vim, unless used with a
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461 \-\-remote argument, then it's the name of the server to connect to.
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462 .TP
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463 \-\-socketid {id}
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464 GTK GUI only: Use the GtkPlug mechanism to run gvim in another window.
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465 .TP
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466 \-\-startuptime {file}
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467 During startup write timing messages to the file {fname}.
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468 .TP
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469 \-\-version
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470 Print version information and exit.
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471 .SH ON-LINE HELP
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472 Type ":help" in
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473 .B Vim
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474 to get started.
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475 Type ":help subject" to get help on a specific subject.
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476 For example: ":help ZZ" to get help for the "ZZ" command.
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477 Use <Tab> and CTRL-D to complete subjects (":help cmdline\-completion").
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478 Tags are present to jump from one place to another (sort of hypertext links,
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479 see ":help").
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480 All documentation files can be viewed in this way, for example
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481 ":help syntax.txt".
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482 .SH FILES
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483 .TP 15
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484 /usr/local/lib/vim/doc/*.txt
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485 The
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486 .B Vim
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487 documentation files.
216
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488 Use ":help doc\-file\-list" to get the complete list.
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489 .TP
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490 /usr/local/lib/vim/doc/tags
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491 The tags file used for finding information in the documentation files.
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492 .TP
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493 /usr/local/lib/vim/syntax/syntax.vim
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494 System wide syntax initializations.
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495 .TP
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496 /usr/local/lib/vim/syntax/*.vim
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497 Syntax files for various languages.
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498 .TP
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499 /usr/local/lib/vim/vimrc
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500 System wide
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501 .B Vim
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502 initializations.
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503 .TP
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504 ~/.vimrc
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505 Your personal
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506 .B Vim
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507 initializations.
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508 .TP
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509 /usr/local/lib/vim/gvimrc
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510 System wide gvim initializations.
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511 .TP
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512 ~/.gvimrc
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513 Your personal gvim initializations.
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514 .TP
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515 /usr/local/lib/vim/optwin.vim
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516 Script used for the ":options" command, a nice way to view and set options.
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517 .TP
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518 /usr/local/lib/vim/menu.vim
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519 System wide menu initializations for gvim.
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520 .TP
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521 /usr/local/lib/vim/bugreport.vim
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522 Script to generate a bug report. See ":help bugs".
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523 .TP
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524 /usr/local/lib/vim/filetype.vim
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525 Script to detect the type of a file by its name. See ":help 'filetype'".
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526 .TP
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527 /usr/local/lib/vim/scripts.vim
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528 Script to detect the type of a file by its contents. See ":help 'filetype'".
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529 .TP
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530 /usr/local/lib/vim/print/*.ps
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531 Files used for PostScript printing.
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532 .PP
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533 For recent info read the VIM home page:
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534 .br
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535 <URL:http://www.vim.org/>
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536 .SH SEE ALSO
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537 vimtutor(1)
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538 .SH AUTHOR
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539 Most of
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540 .B Vim
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541 was made by Bram Moolenaar, with a lot of help from others.
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542 See ":help credits" in
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543 .B Vim.
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544 .br
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545 .B Vim
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546 is based on Stevie, worked on by: Tim Thompson,
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547 Tony Andrews and G.R. (Fred) Walter.
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548 Although hardly any of the original code remains.
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549 .SH BUGS
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550 Probably.
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551 See ":help todo" for a list of known problems.
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552 .PP
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553 Note that a number of things that may be regarded as bugs by some, are in fact
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554 caused by a too-faithful reproduction of Vi's behaviour.
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555 And if you think other things are bugs "because Vi does it differently",
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556 you should take a closer look at the vi_diff.txt file (or type :help
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557 vi_diff.txt when in Vim).
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558 Also have a look at the 'compatible' and 'cpoptions' options.