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1 *insert.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2005 Jan 05
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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6
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7 *Insert* *Insert-mode*
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8 Inserting and replacing text *mode-ins-repl*
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9
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10 Most of this file is about Insert and Replace mode. At the end are a few
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11 commands for inserting text in other ways.
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12
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13 An overview of the most often used commands can be found in chapter 24 of the
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14 user manual |usr_24.txt|.
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15
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16 1. Special keys |ins-special-keys|
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17 2. Special special keys |ins-special-special|
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18 3. 'textwidth' and 'wrapmargin' options |ins-textwidth|
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19 4. 'expandtab', 'smarttab' and 'softtabstop' options |ins-expandtab|
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20 5. Replace mode |Replace-mode|
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21 6. Virtual Replace mode |Virtual-Replace-mode|
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22 7. Insert mode completion |ins-completion|
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23 8. Insert mode commands |inserting|
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24 9. Ex insert commands |inserting-ex|
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25 10. Inserting a file |inserting-file|
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26
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27 Also see 'virtualedit', for moving the cursor to positions where there is no
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28 character. Useful for editing a table.
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29
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30 ==============================================================================
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31 1. Special keys *ins-special-keys*
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32
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33 In Insert and Replace mode, the following characters have a special meaning;
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34 other characters are inserted directly. To insert one of these special
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35 characters into the buffer, precede it with CTRL-V. To insert a <Nul>
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36 character use "CTRL-V CTRL-@" or "CTRL-V 000". On some systems, you have to
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37 use "CTRL-V 003" to insert a CTRL-C. Note: When CTRL-V is mapped you can
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38 often use CTRL-Q instead |i_CTRL-Q|.
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39
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40 If you are working in a special language mode when inserting text, see the
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41 'langmap' option, |'langmap'|, on how to avoid switching this mode on and off
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42 all the time.
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43
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44 If you have 'insertmode' set, <Esc> and a few other keys get another meaning.
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45 See |'insertmode'|.
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46
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47 char action ~
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48 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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49 *i_CTRL-[* *i_<Esc>*
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50 <Esc> or CTRL-[ End insert or Replace mode, go back to Normal mode. Finish
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51 abbreviation.
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52 Note: If your <Esc> key is hard to hit on your keyboard, train
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53 yourself to use CTRL-[.
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54 *i_CTRL-C*
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55 CTRL-C Quit insert mode, go back to Normal mode. Do not check for
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56 abbreviations.
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57
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58 *i_CTRL-@*
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59 CTRL-@ Insert previously inserted text and stop insert. {Vi: only
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60 when typed as first char, only up to 128 chars}
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61 *i_CTRL-A*
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62 CTRL-A Insert previously inserted text. {not in Vi}
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63
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64 *i_CTRL-H* *i_<BS>* *i_BS*
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65 <BS> or CTRL-H Delete the character before the cursor (see |i_backspacing|
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66 about joining lines).
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67 See |:fixdel| if your <BS> key does not do what you want.
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68 {Vi: does not delete autoindents}
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69 *i_<Del>* *i_DEL*
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70 <Del> Delete the character under the cursor. If the cursor is at
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71 the end of the line, and the 'backspace' option includes
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72 "eol", delete the <EOL>; the next line is appended after the
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73 current one.
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74 See |:fixdel| if your <Del> key does not do what you want.
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75 {not in Vi}
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76 *i_CTRL-W*
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77 CTRL-W Delete the word before the cursor (see |i_backspacing| about
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78 joining lines). See the section "word motions",
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79 |word-motions|, for the definition of a word.
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80 *i_CTRL-U*
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81 CTRL-U Delete all entered characters in the current line (see
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82 |i_backspacing| about joining lines).
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83
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84 *i_CTRL-I* *i_<Tab>* *i_Tab*
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85 <Tab> or CTRL-I Insert a tab. If the 'expandtab' option is on, the
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86 equivalent number of spaces is inserted (use CTRL-V <Tab> to
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87 avoid the expansion; use CTRL-Q <Tab> if CTRL-V is mapped
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88 |i_CTRL-Q|). See also the 'smarttab' option and
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89 |ins-expandtab|.
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90 *i_CTRL-J* *i_<NL>*
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91 <NL> or CTRL-J Begin new line.
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92 *i_CTRL-M* *i_<CR>*
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93 <CR> or CTRL-M Begin new line.
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94 *i_CTRL-K*
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95 CTRL-K {char1} [char2]
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96 Enter digraph (see |digraphs|). When {char1} is a special
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97 key, the code for that key is inserted in <> form. For
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98 example, the string "<S-Space>" can be entered by typing
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99 <C-K><S-Space> (two keys). Neither char is considered for
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100 mapping. {not in Vi}
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101
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102 CTRL-N Find next keyword (see |i_CTRL-N|). {not in Vi}
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103 CTRL-P Find previous keyword (see |i_CTRL-P|). {not in Vi}
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104
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105 CTRL-R {0-9a-z"%#*+:.-=} *i_CTRL-R*
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106 Insert the contents of a register. Between typing CTRL-R and
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107 the second character, '"' will be displayed to indicate that
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108 you are expected to enter the name of a register.
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109 The text is inserted as if you typed it, but mappings and
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110 abbreviations are not used. If you have options like
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111 'textwidth', 'formatoptions', or 'autoindent' set, this will
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112 influence what will be inserted. This is different from what
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113 happens with the "p" command and pasting with the mouse.
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114 Special registers:
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115 '"' the unnamed register, containing the text of
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116 the last delete or yank
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117 '%' the current file name
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118 '#' the alternate file name
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119 '*' the clipboard contents (X11: primary selection)
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120 '+' the clipboard contents
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121 '/' the last search pattern
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122 ':' the last command-line
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123 '.' the last inserted text
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124 '-' the last small (less than a line) delete
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125 '=' the expression register: you are prompted to
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126 enter an expression (see |expression|)
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127 Note that 0x80 (128 decimal) is used for
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128 special keys, use CTRL-R CTRL-R to insert it
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129 literally.
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130 See |registers| about registers. {not in Vi}
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131
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132 CTRL-R CTRL-R {0-9a-z"%#*+/:.-=} *i_CTRL-R_CTRL-R*
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133 Insert the contents of a register. Works like using a single
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134 CTRL-R, but the text is inserted literally, not as if typed.
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135 This differs when the register contains characters like <BS>.
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136 Example, where register a contains "ab^Hc": >
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137 CTRL-R a results in "ac".
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138 CTRL-R CTRL-R a results in "ab^Hc".
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139 < Options 'textwidth', 'formatoptions', etc. still apply. If
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140 you also want to avoid these, use "<C-R><C-O>r", see below.
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141 The '.' register (last inserted text) is still inserted as
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142 typed. {not in Vi}
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143
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144 CTRL-R CTRL-O {0-9a-z"%#*+/:.-=} *i_CTRL-R_CTRL-O*
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145 Insert the contents of a register literally and don't
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146 auto-indent. Does the same as pasting with the mouse
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147 |<MiddleMouse>|.
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148 Does not replace characters!
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149 The '.' register (last inserted text) is still inserted as
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150 typed. {not in Vi}
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151
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152 CTRL-R CTRL-P {0-9a-z"%#*+/:.-=} *i_CTRL-R_CTRL-P*
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153 Insert the contents of a register literally and fix the
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154 indent, like |[<MiddleMouse>|.
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155 Does not replace characters!
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156 The '.' register (last inserted text) is still inserted as
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157 typed. {not in Vi}
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158
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159 *i_CTRL-T*
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160 CTRL-T Insert one shiftwidth of indent at the start of the current
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161 line. The indent is always rounded to a 'shiftwidth' (this is
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162 vi compatible). {Vi: only when in indent}
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163 *i_CTRL-D*
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164 CTRL-D Delete one shiftwidth of indent at the start of the current
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165 line. The indent is always rounded to a 'shiftwidth' (this is
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166 vi compatible). {Vi: CTRL-D works only when used after
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167 autoindent}
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168 *i_0_CTRL-D*
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169 0 CTRL-D Delete all indent in the current line. {Vi: CTRL-D works
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170 only when used after autoindent}
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171 *i_^_CTRL-D*
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172 ^ CTRL-D Delete all indent in the current line. The indent is
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173 restored in the next line. This is useful when inserting a
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174 label. {Vi: CTRL-D works only when used after autoindent}
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175
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176 *i_CTRL-V*
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177 CTRL-V Insert next non-digit literally. For special keys, the
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178 terminal code is inserted. It's also possible to enter the
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179 decimal, octal or hexadecimal value of a character
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180 |i_CTRL-V_digit|.
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181 The characters typed right after CTRL-V are not considered for
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182 mapping. {Vi: no decimal byte entry}
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183 Note: When CTRL-V is mapped (e.g., to paste text) you can
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184 often use CTRL-Q instead |i_CTRL-Q|.
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185
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186 *i_CTRL-Q*
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187 CTRL-Q Same as CTRL-V.
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188 Note: Some terminal connections may eat CTRL-Q, it doesn't
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189 work then. It does work in the GUI.
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190
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191 CTRL-X Enter CTRL-X mode. This is a sub-mode where commands can
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192 be given to complete words or scroll the window. See
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193 |i_CTRL-X| and |ins-completion|. {not in Vi}
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194
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195 *i_CTRL-E*
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196 CTRL-E Insert the character which is below the cursor. {not in Vi}
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197 *i_CTRL-Y*
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198 CTRL-Y Insert the character which is above the cursor. {not in Vi}
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199 Note that for CTRL-E and CTRL-Y 'textwidth' is not used, to be
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200 able to copy characters from a long line.
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201
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202 *i_CTRL-_*
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203 CTRL-_ Switch between languages, as follows:
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204 - When in a rightleft window, revins and nohkmap are toggled,
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205 since English will likely be inserted in this case.
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206 - When in a norightleft window, revins and hkmap are toggled,
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207 since Hebrew will likely be inserted in this case.
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208
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209 CTRL-_ moves the cursor to the end of the typed text.
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210
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211 This command is only available when the 'allowrevins' option
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212 is set.
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213 Please refer to |rileft.txt| for more information about
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214 right-to-left mode.
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215 {not in Vi}
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216 Only if compiled with the |+rightleft| feature (which is not
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217 the default).
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218 *i_CTRL-^*
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219 CTRL-^ Toggle the use of typing language characters.
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220 When language |:lmap| mappings are defined:
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221 - If 'iminsert' is 1 (langmap mappings used) it becomes 0 (no
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222 langmap mappings used).
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223 - If 'iminsert' has another value it becomes 1, thus langmap
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224 mappings are enabled.
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225 When no language mappings are defined:
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226 - If 'iminsert' is 2 (Input Method used) it becomes 0 (no
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227 Input Method used).
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228 - If 'iminsert' has another value it becomes 2, thus the Input
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229 Method is enabled.
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230 When set to 1, the value of the "b:keymap_name" variable, the
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231 'keymap' option or "<lang>" appears in the status line.
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232 The language mappings are normally used to type characters
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233 that are different from what the keyboard produces. The
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234 'keymap' option can be used to install a whole number of them.
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235 {not in Vi}
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236
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237 *i_CTRL-]*
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238 CTRL-] Trigger abbreviation, without inserting a character. {not in
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239 Vi}
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240
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241 *i_<Insert>*
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242 <Insert> Toggle between Insert and Replace mode. {not in Vi}
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243 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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244
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245 *i_backspacing*
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246 The effect of the <BS>, CTRL-W, and CTRL-U depend on the 'backspace' option
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247 (unless 'revins' is set). This is a comma separated list of items:
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248
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249 item action ~
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250 indent allow backspacing over autoindent
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251 eol allow backspacing over end-of-line (join lines)
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252 start allow backspacing over the start position of insert; CTRL-W and
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253 CTRL-U stop once at the start position
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254
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255 When 'backspace' is empty, Vi compatible backspacing is used. You cannot
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256 backspace over autoindent, before column 1 or before where insert started.
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257
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258 For backwards compatibility the values "0", "1" and "2" are also allowed, see
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259 |'backspace'|.
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260
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261 If the 'backspace' option does contain "eol" and the cursor is in column 1
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262 when one of the three keys is used, the current line is joined with the
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263 previous line. This effectively deletes the <EOL> in front of the cursor.
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264 {Vi: does not cross lines, does not delete past start position of insert}
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265
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266 *i_CTRL-V_digit*
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267 With CTRL-V the decimal, octal or hexadecimal value of a character can be
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268 entered directly. This way you can enter any character, except a line break
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269 (<NL>, value 10). There are five ways to enter the character value:
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270
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271 first char mode max nr of chars max value ~
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272 (none) decimal 3 255
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273 o or O octal 3 255
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274 x or X hexadecimal 2 ff (255)
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275 u hexadecimal 4 ffff (65535)
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276 U hexadecimal 8 7fffffff (2147483647)
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277
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278 Normally you would type the maximum number of characters. Thus to enter a
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279 space (value 32) you would type <C-V>032. You can omit the leading zero, in
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280 which case the character typed after the number must be a non-digit. This
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281 happens for the other modes as well: As soon as you type a character that is
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282 invalid for the mode, the value before it will be used and the "invalid"
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283 character is dealt with in the normal way.
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284
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285 If you enter a value of 10, it will end up in the file as a 0. The 10 is a
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286 <NL>, which is used internally to represent the <Nul> character. When writing
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287 the buffer to a file, the <NL> character is translated into <Nul>. The <NL>
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288 character is written at the end of each line. Thus if you want to insert a
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289 <NL> character in a file you will have to make a line break.
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290
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291 *i_CTRL-X* *insert_expand*
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292 CTRL-X enters a sub-mode where several commands can be used. Most of these
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293 commands do keyword completion; see |ins-completion|. These are not available
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294 when Vim was compiled without the |+insert_expand| feature.
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295
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296 Two commands can be used to scroll the window up or down, without exiting
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297 insert mode:
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298
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299 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-E*
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300 CTRL-X CTRL-E scroll window one line up.
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301
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302 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-Y*
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303 CTRL-X CTRL-Y scroll window one line down.
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304
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305 After CTRL-X is pressed, each CTRL-E (CTRL-Y) scrolls the window up (down) by
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306 one line unless that would cause the cursor to move from its current position
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307 in the file. As soon as another key is pressed, CTRL-X mode is exited and
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308 that key is interpreted as in Insert mode.
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309
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310
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311 ==============================================================================
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312 2. Special special keys *ins-special-special*
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313
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314 The following keys are special. They stop the current insert, do something,
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315 and then restart insertion. This means you can do something without getting
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316 out of Insert mode. This is very handy if you prefer to use the Insert mode
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317 all the time, just like editors that don't have a separate Normal mode. You
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318 may also want to set the 'backspace' option to "indent,eol,start" and set the
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319 'insertmode' option. You can use CTRL-O if you want to map a function key to
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320 a command.
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321
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322 The changes (inserted or deleted characters) before and after these keys can
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323 be undone separately. Only the last change can be redone and always behaves
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324 like an "i" command.
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325
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326 char action ~
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327 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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328 <Up> cursor one line up *i_<Up>*
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329 <Down> cursor one line down *i_<Down>*
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330 CTRL-G <Up> cursor one line up, insert start column *i_CTRL-G_<Up>*
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331 CTRL-G k cursor one line up, insert start column *i_CTRL-G_k*
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332 CTRL-G CTRL-K cursor one line up, insert start column *i_CTRL-G_CTRL-K*
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333 CTRL-G <Down> cursor one line down, insert start column *i_CTRL-G_<Down>*
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334 CTRL-G j cursor one line down, insert start column *i_CTRL-G_j*
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335 CTRL-G CTRL-J cursor one line down, insert start column *i_CTRL-G_CTRL-J*
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336 <Left> cursor one character left *i_<Left>*
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337 <Right> cursor one character right *i_<Right>*
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338 <S-Left> cursor one word back (like "b" command) *i_<S-Left>*
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339 <C-Left> cursor one word back (like "b" command) *i_<C-Left>*
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340 <S-Right> cursor one word forward (like "w" command) *i_<S-Right>*
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341 <C-Right> cursor one word forward (like "w" command) *i_<C-Right>*
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342 <Home> cursor to first char in the line *i_<Home>*
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343 <End> cursor to after last char in the line *i_<End>*
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344 <C-Home> cursor to first char in the file *i_<C-Home>*
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345 <C-End> cursor to after last char in the file *i_<C-End>*
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346 <LeftMouse> cursor to position of mouse click *i_<LeftMouse>*
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347 <S-Up> move window one page up *i_<S-Up>*
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348 <PageUp> move window one page up *i_<PageUp>*
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349 <S-Down> move window one page down *i_<S-Down>*
|
|
|
350 <PageDown> move window one page down *i_<PageDown>*
|
|
|
351 <MouseDown> scroll three lines down *i_<MouseDown>*
|
|
|
352 <S-MouseDown> scroll a full page down *i_<S-MouseDown>*
|
|
|
353 <MouseUp> scroll three lines up *i_<MouseUp>*
|
|
|
354 <S-MouseUp> scroll a full page up *i_<S-MouseUp>*
|
|
|
355 CTRL-O execute one command, return to Insert mode *i_CTRL-O*
|
|
|
356 CTRL-G u break undo sequence, start new change *i_CTRL-G_u*
|
|
|
357 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
358
|
|
|
359 Note: If the cursor keys take you out of Insert mode, check the 'noesckeys'
|
|
|
360 option.
|
|
|
361
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|
|
362 The CTRL-O command sometimes has a side effect: If the cursor was beyond the
|
|
|
363 end of the line, it will be put on the last character in the line. In
|
|
|
364 mappings it's often better to use <Esc> (first put an "x" in the text, <Esc>
|
|
|
365 will then always put the cursor on it).
|
|
|
366
|
|
|
367 The shifted cursor keys are not available on all terminals.
|
|
|
368
|
|
|
369 Another side effect is that a count specified before the "i" or "a" command is
|
|
|
370 ignored. That is because repeating the effect of the command after CTRL-O is
|
|
|
371 too complicated.
|
|
|
372
|
|
|
373 An example for using CTRL-G u: >
|
|
|
374
|
|
|
375 :inoremap <C-H> <C-G>u<C-H>
|
|
|
376
|
|
|
377 This redefines the backspace key to start a new undo sequence. You can now
|
|
|
378 undo the effect of the backspace key, without changing what you typed before
|
|
|
379 that, with CTRL-O u.
|
|
|
380
|
|
10
|
381 Using CTRL-O splits undo: the text typed before and after it is undone
|
|
|
382 separately. If you want to avoid this (e.g., in a mapping) you might be able
|
|
|
383 to use CTRL-R = |i_CTRL-R|. E.g., to call a function: >
|
|
|
384 :imap <F2> <C-R>=MyFunc()<CR>
|
|
|
385
|
|
7
|
386 When the 'whichwrap' option is set appropriately, the <Left> and <Right>
|
|
|
387 keys on the first/last character in the line make the cursor wrap to the
|
|
|
388 previous/next line.
|
|
|
389
|
|
|
390 The CTRL-G j and CTRL-G k commands can be used to insert text in front of a
|
|
|
391 column. Example: >
|
|
|
392 int i;
|
|
|
393 int j;
|
|
|
394 Position the cursor on the first "int", type "istatic<C-G>j ". The
|
|
|
395 result is: >
|
|
|
396 static int i;
|
|
|
397 int j;
|
|
|
398 When inserting the same text in front of the column in every line, use the
|
|
|
399 Visual blockwise command "I" |v_b_I|.
|
|
|
400
|
|
|
401 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
402 3. 'textwidth' and 'wrapmargin' options *ins-textwidth*
|
|
|
403
|
|
|
404 The 'textwidth' option can be used to automatically break a line before it
|
|
|
405 gets too long. Set the 'textwidth' option to the desired maximum line
|
|
|
406 length. If you then type more characters (not spaces or tabs), the
|
|
|
407 last word will be put on a new line (unless it is the only word on the
|
|
|
408 line). If you set 'textwidth' to 0, this feature is disabled.
|
|
|
409
|
|
|
410 The 'wrapmargin' option does almost the same. The difference is that
|
|
|
411 'textwidth' has a fixed width while 'wrapmargin' depends on the width of the
|
|
|
412 screen. When using 'wrapmargin' this is equal to using 'textwidth' with a
|
|
|
413 value equal to (columns - 'wrapmargin'), where columns is the width of the
|
|
|
414 screen.
|
|
|
415
|
|
|
416 When 'textwidth' and 'wrapmargin' are both set, 'textwidth' is used.
|
|
|
417
|
|
|
418 If you don't really want to break the line, but view the line wrapped at a
|
|
|
419 convenient place, see the 'linebreak' option.
|
|
|
420
|
|
|
421 The line is only broken automatically when using insert mode, or when
|
|
|
422 appending to a line. When in replace mode and the line length is not
|
|
|
423 changed, the line will not be broken.
|
|
|
424
|
|
|
425 Long lines are broken if you enter a non-white character after the margin.
|
|
|
426 The situations where a line will be broken can be restricted by adding
|
|
|
427 characters to the 'formatoptions' option:
|
|
|
428 "l" Only break a line if it was not longer than 'textwidth' when the insert
|
|
|
429 started.
|
|
|
430 "v" Only break at a white character that has been entered during the
|
|
|
431 current insert command. This is mostly Vi-compatible.
|
|
|
432 "lv" Only break if the line was not longer than 'textwidth' when the insert
|
|
|
433 started and only at a white character that has been entered during the
|
|
|
434 current insert command. Only differs from "l" when entering non-white
|
|
|
435 characters while crossing the 'textwidth' boundary.
|
|
|
436
|
|
|
437 If you want to format a block of text, you can use the "gq" operator. Type
|
|
|
438 "gq" and a movement command to move the cursor to the end of the block. In
|
|
|
439 many cases, the command "gq}" will do what you want (format until the end of
|
|
|
440 paragraph). Alternatively, you can use "gqap", which will format the whole
|
|
|
441 paragraph, no matter where the cursor currently is. Or you can use Visual
|
|
|
442 mode: hit "v", move to the end of the block, and type "gq". See also |gq|.
|
|
|
443
|
|
|
444 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
445 4. 'expandtab', 'smarttab' and 'softtabstop' options *ins-expandtab*
|
|
|
446
|
|
|
447 If the 'expandtab' option is on, spaces will be used to fill the amount of
|
|
|
448 whitespace of the tab. If you want to enter a real <Tab>, type CTRL-V first
|
|
|
449 (use CTRL-Q when CTRL-V is mapped |i_CTRL-Q|).
|
|
|
450 The 'expandtab' option is off by default. Note that in Replace mode, a single
|
|
|
451 character is replaced with several spaces. The result of this is that the
|
|
|
452 number of characters in the line increases. Backspacing will delete one
|
|
|
453 space at a time. The original character will be put back for only one space
|
|
|
454 that you backspace over (the last one). {Vi does not have the 'expandtab'
|
|
|
455 option}
|
|
|
456
|
|
|
457 *ins-smarttab*
|
|
|
458 When the 'smarttab' option is on, a <Tab> inserts 'shiftwidth' positions at
|
|
|
459 the beginning of a line and 'tabstop' positions in other places. This means
|
|
|
460 that often spaces instead of a <Tab> character are inserted. When 'smarttab
|
|
|
461 is off, a <Tab> always inserts 'tabstop' positions, and 'shiftwidth' is only
|
|
|
462 used for ">>" and the like. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
463
|
|
|
464 *ins-softtabstop*
|
|
|
465 When the 'softtabstop' option is non-zero, a <Tab> inserts 'softtabstop'
|
|
|
466 positions, and a <BS> used to delete white space, will delete 'softtabstop'
|
|
|
467 positions. This feels like 'tabstop' was set to 'softtabstop', but a real
|
|
|
468 <Tab> character still takes 'tabstop' positions, so your file will still look
|
|
|
469 correct when used by other applications.
|
|
|
470
|
|
|
471 If 'softtabstop' is non-zero, a <BS> will try to delete as much white space to
|
|
|
472 move to the previous 'softtabstop' position, except when the previously
|
|
|
473 inserted character is a space, then it will only delete the character before
|
|
|
474 the cursor. Otherwise you cannot always delete a single character before the
|
|
|
475 cursor. You will have to delete 'softtabstop' characters first, and then type
|
|
|
476 extra spaces to get where you want to be.
|
|
|
477
|
|
|
478 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
479 5. Replace mode *Replace* *Replace-mode* *mode-replace*
|
|
|
480
|
|
|
481 Enter Replace mode with the "R" command in normal mode.
|
|
|
482
|
|
|
483 In Replace mode, one character in the line is deleted for every character you
|
|
|
484 type. If there is no character to delete (at the end of the line), the
|
|
|
485 typed character is appended (as in Insert mode). Thus the number of
|
|
|
486 characters in a line stays the same until you get to the end of the line.
|
|
|
487 If a <NL> is typed, a line break is inserted and no character is deleted.
|
|
|
488
|
|
|
489 Be careful with <Tab> characters. If you type a normal printing character in
|
|
|
490 its place, the number of characters is still the same, but the number of
|
|
|
491 columns will become smaller.
|
|
|
492
|
|
|
493 If you delete characters in Replace mode (with <BS>, CTRL-W, or CTRL-U), what
|
|
|
494 happens is that you delete the changes. The characters that were replaced
|
|
|
495 are restored. If you had typed past the existing text, the characters you
|
|
|
496 added are deleted. This is effectively a character-at-a-time undo.
|
|
|
497
|
|
|
498 If the 'expandtab' option is on, a <Tab> will replace one character with
|
|
|
499 several spaces. The result of this is that the number of characters in the
|
|
|
500 line increases. Backspacing will delete one space at a time. The original
|
|
|
501 character will be put back for only one space that you backspace over (the
|
|
|
502 last one). {Vi does not have the 'expandtab' option}
|
|
|
503
|
|
|
504 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
505 6. Virtual Replace mode *vreplace-mode* *Virtual-Replace-mode*
|
|
|
506
|
|
|
507 Enter Virtual Replace mode with the "gR" command in normal mode.
|
|
|
508 {not available when compiled without the +vreplace feature}
|
|
|
509 {Vi does not have Virtual Replace mode}
|
|
|
510
|
|
|
511 Virtual Replace mode is similar to Replace mode, but instead of replacing
|
|
|
512 actual characters in the file, you are replacing screen real estate, so that
|
|
|
513 characters further on in the file never appear to move.
|
|
|
514
|
|
|
515 So if you type a <Tab> it may replace several normal characters, and if you
|
|
|
516 type a letter on top of a <Tab> it may not replace anything at all, since the
|
|
|
517 <Tab> will still line up to the same place as before.
|
|
|
518
|
|
|
519 Typing a <NL> still doesn't cause characters later in the file to appear to
|
|
|
520 move. The rest of the current line will be replaced by the <NL> (that is,
|
|
|
521 they are deleted), and replacing continues on the next line. A new line is
|
|
|
522 NOT inserted unless you go past the end of the file.
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
524 Interesting effects are seen when using CTRL-T and CTRL-D. The characters
|
|
|
525 before the cursor are shifted sideways as normal, but characters later in the
|
|
|
526 line still remain still. CTRL-T will hide some of the old line under the
|
|
|
527 shifted characters, but CTRL-D will reveal them again.
|
|
|
528
|
|
|
529 As with Replace mode, using <BS> etc will bring back the characters that were
|
|
|
530 replaced. This still works in conjunction with 'smartindent', CTRL-T and
|
|
|
531 CTRL-D, 'expandtab', 'smarttab', 'softtabstop', etc.
|
|
|
532
|
|
|
533 In 'list' mode, Virtual Replace mode acts as if it was not in 'list' mode,
|
|
|
534 unless "L" is in 'cpoptions'.
|
|
|
535
|
|
|
536 Note that the only times characters beyond the cursor should appear to move
|
|
|
537 are in 'list' mode, and occasionally when 'wrap' is set (and the line changes
|
|
|
538 length to become shorter or wider than the width of the screen), or
|
|
|
539 momentarily when typing over a CTRL character. A CTRL character takes up two
|
|
|
540 screen spaces. When replacing it with two normal characters, the first will
|
|
|
541 be inserted and the second will replace the CTRL character.
|
|
|
542
|
|
|
543 This mode is very useful for editing <Tab> separated columns in tables, for
|
|
|
544 entering new data while keeping all the columns aligned.
|
|
|
545
|
|
|
546 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
547 7. Insert mode completion *ins-completion*
|
|
|
548
|
|
|
549 In Insert and Replace modes, there are several commands to complete part of a
|
|
|
550 keyword or line that has been typed. This is useful if you are using
|
|
|
551 complicated keywords (e.g., function names with capitals and underscores).
|
|
|
552
|
|
|
553 These commands are not available when the |+insert_expand| feature was
|
|
|
554 disabled at compile time.
|
|
|
555
|
|
|
556 Completion can be done for:
|
|
|
557
|
|
|
558 1. Whole lines |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-L|
|
|
|
559 2. keywords in the current file |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-N|
|
|
|
560 3. keywords in 'dictionary' |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-K|
|
|
|
561 4. keywords in 'thesaurus', thesaurus-style |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-T|
|
|
|
562 5. keywords in the current and included files |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-I|
|
|
|
563 6. tags |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-]|
|
|
|
564 7. file names |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-F|
|
|
|
565 8. definitions or macros |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-D|
|
|
|
566 9. Vim command-line |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-V|
|
|
|
567 10. keywords in 'complete' |i_CTRL-N|
|
|
|
568
|
|
|
569 All these (except 2) are done in CTRL-X mode. This is a sub-mode of Insert
|
|
|
570 and Replace modes. You enter CTRL-X mode by typing CTRL-X and one of the
|
|
|
571 CTRL-X commands. You exit CTRL-X mode by typing a key that is not a valid
|
|
|
572 CTRL-X mode command. Valid keys are the CTRL-X command itself, CTRL-N (next),
|
|
|
573 and CTRL-P (previous).
|
|
|
574
|
|
|
575 Also see the 'infercase' option if you want to adjust the case of the match.
|
|
|
576
|
|
|
577 Note: The keys that are valid in CTRL-X mode are not mapped. This allows for
|
|
|
578 ":map ^F ^X^F" to work (where ^F is CTRL-F and ^X is CTRL-X). The key that
|
|
|
579 ends CTRL-X mode (any key that is not a valid CTRL-X mode command) is mapped.
|
|
|
580 Also, when doing completion with 'complete' mappings apply as usual.
|
|
|
581
|
|
|
582 The following mappings are suggested to make typing the completion commands
|
|
|
583 a bit easier (although they will hide other commands): >
|
|
|
584 :inoremap ^] ^X^]
|
|
|
585 :inoremap ^F ^X^F
|
|
|
586 :inoremap ^D ^X^D
|
|
|
587 :inoremap ^L ^X^L
|
|
|
588
|
|
|
589 As a special case, typing CTRL-R to perform register insertion (see
|
|
|
590 |i_CTRL-R|) will not exit CTRL-X mode. This is primarily to allow the use of
|
|
|
591 the '=' register to call some function to determine the next operation. If
|
|
|
592 the contents of the register (or result of the '=' register evaluation) are
|
|
|
593 not valid CTRL-X mode keys, then CTRL-X mode will be exited as if those keys
|
|
|
594 had been typed.
|
|
|
595
|
|
|
596 For example, the following will map <Tab> to either actually insert a <Tab> if
|
|
|
597 the current line is currently only whitespace, or start/continue a CTRL-N
|
|
|
598 completion operation: >
|
|
|
599
|
|
|
600 function! CleverTab()
|
|
|
601 if strpart( getline('.'), 0, col('.')-1 ) =~ '^\s*$'
|
|
|
602 return "\<Tab>"
|
|
|
603 else
|
|
|
604 return "\<C-N>"
|
|
|
605 endfunction
|
|
|
606 inoremap <Tab> <C-R>=CleverTab()<CR>
|
|
|
607
|
|
|
608
|
|
|
609
|
|
|
610 Completing whole lines *compl-whole-line*
|
|
|
611
|
|
|
612 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-L*
|
|
|
613 CTRL-X CTRL-L Search backwards for a line that starts with the
|
|
|
614 same characters as in the current line before the
|
|
|
615 cursor. Indent is ignored. The found line is
|
|
|
616 inserted in front of the cursor.
|
|
|
617 The 'complete' option is used to decide in which
|
|
|
618 buffers a match is searched for. But only loaded
|
|
|
619 buffers are used.
|
|
|
620 CTRL-L or
|
|
|
621 CTRL-P Search backwards for next matching line. This line
|
|
|
622 replaces the previous matching line.
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
624 CTRL-N Search forward for next matching line. This line
|
|
|
625 replaces the previous matching line.
|
|
|
626
|
|
|
627 CTRL-X CTRL-L After expanding a line you can additionally get the
|
|
|
628 line next to it by typing CTRL-X CTRL-L again, unless
|
|
|
629 a double CTRL-X is used.
|
|
|
630
|
|
|
631 Completing keywords in current file *compl-current*
|
|
|
632
|
|
|
633 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-P*
|
|
|
634 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-N*
|
|
|
635 CTRL-X CTRL-N Search forwards for words that start with the keyword
|
|
|
636 in front of the cursor. The found keyword is inserted
|
|
|
637 in front of the cursor.
|
|
|
638
|
|
|
639 CTRL-X CTRL-P Search backwards for words that start with the keyword
|
|
|
640 in front of the cursor. The found keyword is inserted
|
|
|
641 in front of the cursor.
|
|
|
642
|
|
|
643 CTRL-N Search forward for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
644 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
645
|
|
|
646 CTRL-P Search backwards for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
647 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
648
|
|
|
649 CTRL-X CTRL-N or
|
|
|
650 CTRL-X CTRL-P Further use of CTRL-X CTRL-N or CTRL-X CTRL-P will
|
|
|
651 copy the words following the previous expansion in
|
|
|
652 other contexts unless a double CTRL-X is used.
|
|
|
653
|
|
|
654 If there is a keyword in front of the cursor (a name made out of alphabetic
|
|
|
655 characters and characters in 'iskeyword'), it is used as the search pattern,
|
|
|
656 with "\<" prepended (meaning: start of a word). Otherwise "\<\k\k" is used
|
|
|
657 as search pattern (start of any keyword of at least two characters).
|
|
|
658
|
|
|
659 In Replace mode, the number of characters that are replaced depends on the
|
|
|
660 length of the matched string. This works like typing the characters of the
|
|
|
661 matched string in Replace mode.
|
|
|
662
|
|
|
663 If there is not a valid keyword character before the cursor, any keyword of
|
|
|
664 at least two characters is matched.
|
|
|
665 e.g., to get:
|
|
|
666 printf("(%g, %g, %g)", vector[0], vector[1], vector[2]);
|
|
|
667 just type:
|
|
|
668 printf("(%g, %g, %g)", vector[0], ^P[1], ^P[2]);
|
|
|
669
|
|
|
670 Multiple repeats of the same completion are skipped; thus a different match
|
|
|
671 will be inserted at each CTRL-N and CTRL-P (unless there is only one
|
|
|
672 matching keyword).
|
|
|
673
|
|
|
674 Single character matches are never included, as they usually just get in
|
|
|
675 the way of what you were really after.
|
|
|
676 e.g., to get:
|
|
|
677 printf("name = %s\n", name);
|
|
|
678 just type:
|
|
|
679 printf("name = %s\n", n^P);
|
|
|
680 or even:
|
|
|
681 printf("name = %s\n", ^P);
|
|
|
682 The 'n' in '\n' is skipped.
|
|
|
683
|
|
|
684 After expanding a word, you can use CTRL-X CTRL-P or CTRL-X CTRL-N to get the
|
|
|
685 word following the expansion in other contexts. These sequences search for
|
|
|
686 the text just expanded and further expand by getting an extra word. This is
|
|
|
687 useful if you need to repeat a sequence of complicated words. Although CTRL-P
|
|
|
688 and CTRL-N look just for strings of at least two characters, CTRL-X CTRL-P and
|
|
|
689 CTRL-X CTRL-N can be used to expand words of just one character.
|
|
|
690 e.g., to get:
|
|
|
691 México
|
|
|
692 you can type:
|
|
|
693 M^N^P^X^P^X^P
|
|
|
694 CTRL-N starts the expansion and then CTRL-P takes back the single character
|
|
|
695 "M", the next two CTRL-X CTRL-P's get the words "é" and ";xico".
|
|
|
696
|
|
|
697 If the previous expansion was split, because it got longer than 'textwidth',
|
|
|
698 then just the text in the current line will be used.
|
|
|
699
|
|
|
700 If the match found is at the end of a line, then the first word in the next
|
|
|
701 line will be inserted and the message "word from next line" displayed, if
|
|
|
702 this word is accepted the next CTRL-X CTRL-P or CTRL-X CTRL-N will search
|
|
|
703 for those lines starting with this word.
|
|
|
704
|
|
|
705
|
|
|
706 Completing keywords in 'dictionary' *compl-dictionary*
|
|
|
707
|
|
|
708 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-K*
|
|
|
709 CTRL-X CTRL-K Search the files given with the 'dictionary' option
|
|
|
710 for words that start with the keyword in front of the
|
|
|
711 cursor. This is like CTRL-N, but only the dictionary
|
|
|
712 files are searched, not the current file. The found
|
|
|
713 keyword is inserted in front of the cursor. This
|
|
|
714 could potentially be pretty slow, since all matches
|
|
|
715 are found before the first match is used. By default,
|
|
|
716 the 'dictionary' option is empty.
|
|
|
717 For suggestions where to find a list of words, see the
|
|
|
718 'dictionary' option.
|
|
|
719
|
|
|
720 CTRL-K or
|
|
|
721 CTRL-N Search forward for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
722 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
723
|
|
|
724 CTRL-P Search backwards for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
725 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
726
|
|
|
727 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-T*
|
|
|
728 CTRL-X CTRL-T Works as CTRL-X CTRL-K, but in a special way. It uses
|
|
|
729 the 'thesaurus' option instead of 'dictionary'. If a
|
|
|
730 match is found in the thesaurus file, all the
|
|
|
731 remaining words on the same line are included as
|
|
|
732 matches, even though they don't complete the word.
|
|
|
733 Thus a word can be completely replaced.
|
|
|
734
|
|
|
735 For an example, imagine the 'thesaurus' file has a
|
|
|
736 line like this: >
|
|
|
737 angry furious mad enraged
|
|
|
738 < Placing the cursor after the letters "ang" and typing
|
|
|
739 CTRL-X CTRL-T would complete the word "angry";
|
|
|
740 subsequent presses would change the word to "furious",
|
|
|
741 "mad" etc.
|
|
|
742 Other uses include translation between two languages,
|
|
|
743 or grouping API functions by keyword.
|
|
|
744
|
|
|
745 CTRL-T or
|
|
|
746 CTRL-N Search forward for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
747 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
748
|
|
|
749 CTRL-P Search backwards for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
750 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
751
|
|
|
752
|
|
|
753 Completing keywords in the current and included files *compl-keyword*
|
|
|
754
|
|
|
755 The 'include' option is used to specify a line that contains an include file
|
|
|
756 name. The 'path' option is used to search for include files.
|
|
|
757
|
|
|
758 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-I*
|
|
|
759 CTRL-X CTRL-I Search for the first keyword in the current and
|
|
|
760 included files that starts with the same characters
|
|
|
761 as those before the cursor. The matched keyword is
|
|
|
762 inserted in front of the cursor.
|
|
|
763
|
|
|
764 CTRL-N Search forwards for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
765 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
766 Note: CTRL-I is the same as <Tab>, which is likely to
|
|
|
767 be typed after a successful completion, therefore
|
|
|
768 CTRL-I is not used for searching for the next match.
|
|
|
769
|
|
|
770 CTRL-P Search backward for previous matching keyword. This
|
|
|
771 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
772
|
|
|
773 CTRL-X CTRL-I Further use of CTRL-X CTRL-I will copy the words
|
|
|
774 following the previous expansion in other contexts
|
|
|
775 unless a double CTRL-X is used.
|
|
|
776
|
|
|
777 Completing tags *compl-tag*
|
|
|
778 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-]*
|
|
|
779 CTRL-X CTRL-] Search for the first tag that starts with the same
|
|
|
780 characters as before the cursor. The matching tag is
|
|
|
781 inserted in front of the cursor. Alphabetic
|
|
|
782 characters and characters in 'iskeyword' are used
|
|
|
783 to decide which characters are included in the tag
|
|
|
784 name (same as for a keyword). See also |CTRL-]|.
|
|
|
785 The 'showfulltag' option can be used to add context
|
|
|
786 from around the tag definition.
|
|
|
787 CTRL-] or
|
|
|
788 CTRL-N Search forwards for next matching tag. This tag
|
|
|
789 replaces the previous matching tag.
|
|
|
790
|
|
|
791 CTRL-P Search backward for previous matching tag. This tag
|
|
|
792 replaces the previous matching tag.
|
|
|
793
|
|
|
794
|
|
|
795 Completing file names *compl-filename*
|
|
|
796 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-F*
|
|
|
797 CTRL-X CTRL-F Search for the first file name that starts with the
|
|
|
798 same characters as before the cursor. The matching
|
|
|
799 file name is inserted in front of the cursor.
|
|
|
800 Alphabetic characters and characters in 'isfname'
|
|
|
801 are used to decide which characters are included in
|
|
|
802 the file name. Note: the 'path' option is not used
|
|
|
803 here (yet).
|
|
|
804 CTRL-F or
|
|
|
805 CTRL-N Search forwards for next matching file name. This
|
|
|
806 file name replaces the previous matching file name.
|
|
|
807
|
|
|
808 CTRL-P Search backward for previous matching file name.
|
|
|
809 This file name replaces the previous matching file
|
|
|
810 name.
|
|
|
811
|
|
|
812
|
|
|
813 Completing definitions or macros *compl-define*
|
|
|
814
|
|
|
815 The 'define' option is used to specify a line that contains a definition.
|
|
|
816 The 'include' option is used to specify a line that contains an include file
|
|
|
817 name. The 'path' option is used to search for include files.
|
|
|
818
|
|
|
819 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-D*
|
|
|
820 CTRL-X CTRL-D Search in the current and included files for the
|
|
|
821 first definition (or macro) name that starts with
|
|
|
822 the same characters as before the cursor. The found
|
|
|
823 definition name is inserted in front of the cursor.
|
|
|
824 CTRL-D or
|
|
|
825 CTRL-N Search forwards for next matching macro name. This
|
|
|
826 macro name replaces the previous matching macro
|
|
|
827 name.
|
|
|
828
|
|
|
829 CTRL-P Search backward for previous matching macro name.
|
|
|
830 This macro name replaces the previous matching macro
|
|
|
831 name.
|
|
|
832
|
|
|
833 CTRL-X CTRL-D Further use of CTRL-X CTRL-D will copy the words
|
|
|
834 following the previous expansion in other contexts
|
|
|
835 unless a double CTRL-X is used.
|
|
|
836
|
|
|
837
|
|
|
838 Completing Vim commands *compl-vim*
|
|
|
839
|
|
|
840 Completion is context-sensitive. It works like on the Command-line. It
|
|
|
841 completes an Ex command as well as its arguments.
|
|
|
842
|
|
|
843 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-V*
|
|
|
844 CTRL-X CTRL-V Guess what kind of item is in front of the cursor and
|
|
|
845 find the first match for it.
|
|
|
846 Note: When CTRL-V is mapped you can often use CTRL-Q
|
|
|
847 instead |i_CTRL-Q|.
|
|
|
848 CTRL-V or
|
|
|
849 CTRL-N Search forwards for next match. This match replaces
|
|
|
850 the previous one.
|
|
|
851
|
|
|
852 CTRL-P Search backward for previous match. This match
|
|
|
853 replaces the previous one.
|
|
|
854
|
|
|
855 CTRL-X CTRL-V Further use of CTRL-X CTRL-V will do the same as
|
|
|
856 CTRL-V. This allows mapping a key to do Vim command
|
|
|
857 completion, for example: >
|
|
|
858 :imap <Tab> <C-X><C-V>
|
|
|
859
|
|
12
|
860 User defined completing *compl-function*
|
|
|
861
|
|
|
862 Completion is done by a function that can be defined by the user with the
|
|
|
863 'completefunc' option. See the option for how the function is called and an
|
|
|
864 example.
|
|
|
865
|
|
|
866 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-U*
|
|
|
867 CTRL-X CTRL-U Guess what kind of item is in front of the cursor and
|
|
|
868 find the first match for it.
|
|
|
869 CTRL-U or
|
|
|
870 CTRL-N Use the next match. This match replaces the previous
|
|
|
871 one.
|
|
|
872
|
|
|
873 CTRL-P Use the previous match. This match replaces the
|
|
|
874 previous one.
|
|
|
875
|
|
|
876
|
|
7
|
877 Completing keywords from different sources *compl-generic*
|
|
|
878
|
|
|
879 *i_CTRL-N*
|
|
|
880 CTRL-N Find next match for words that start with the
|
|
|
881 keyword in front of the cursor, looking in places
|
|
|
882 specified with the 'complete' option. The found
|
|
|
883 keyword is inserted in front of the cursor.
|
|
|
884
|
|
|
885 *i_CTRL-P*
|
|
|
886 CTRL-P Find previous match for words that start with the
|
|
|
887 keyword in front of the cursor, looking in places
|
|
|
888 specified with the 'complete' option. The found
|
|
|
889 keyword is inserted in front of the cursor.
|
|
|
890
|
|
|
891 CTRL-N Search forward for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
892 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
893
|
|
|
894 CTRL-P Search backwards for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
895 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
896
|
|
|
897 CTRL-X CTRL-N or
|
|
|
898 CTRL-X CTRL-P Further use of CTRL-X CTRL-N or CTRL-X CTRL-P will
|
|
|
899 copy the words following the previous expansion in
|
|
|
900 other contexts unless a double CTRL-X is used.
|
|
|
901
|
|
|
902 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
903 8. Insert mode commands *inserting*
|
|
|
904
|
|
|
905 The following commands can be used to insert new text into the buffer. They
|
|
|
906 can all be undone and repeated with the "." command.
|
|
|
907
|
|
|
908 *a*
|
|
|
909 a Append text after the cursor [count] times. If the
|
|
|
910 cursor is in the first column of an empty line Insert
|
|
|
911 starts there. But not when 'virtualedit' is set!
|
|
|
912
|
|
|
913 *A*
|
|
|
914 A Append text at the end of the line [count] times.
|
|
|
915
|
|
|
916 <insert> or *i* *insert* *<Insert>*
|
|
|
917 i Insert text before the cursor [count] times.
|
|
|
918 When using CTRL-O in Insert mode |i_CTRL-O| the count
|
|
|
919 is not supported.
|
|
|
920
|
|
|
921 *I*
|
|
|
922 I Insert text before the first non-blank in the line
|
|
|
923 [count] times.
|
|
|
924
|
|
|
925 *gI*
|
|
|
926 gI Insert text in column 1 [count] times. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
927
|
|
|
928 *gi*
|
|
|
929 gi Insert text in the same position as where Insert mode
|
|
|
930 was stopped last time in the current buffer.
|
|
|
931 This uses the |'^| mark. It's different from "`^i"
|
|
|
932 when the mark is past the end of the line.
|
|
|
933 The position is corrected for inserted/deleted lines,
|
|
|
934 but NOT for inserted/deleted characters.
|
|
|
935 When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used the |'^|
|
|
9
|
936 mark won't be changed.
|
|
7
|
937 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
938
|
|
|
939 *o*
|
|
|
940 o Begin a new line below the cursor and insert text,
|
|
|
941 repeat [count] times. {Vi: blank [count] screen
|
|
|
942 lines}
|
|
|
943
|
|
|
944 *O*
|
|
|
945 O Begin a new line above the cursor and insert text,
|
|
|
946 repeat [count] times. {Vi: blank [count] screen
|
|
|
947 lines}
|
|
|
948
|
|
|
949 These commands are used to start inserting text. You can end insert mode with
|
|
|
950 <Esc>. See |mode-ins-repl| for the other special characters in Insert mode.
|
|
|
951 The effect of [count] takes place after Insert mode is exited.
|
|
|
952
|
|
|
953 When 'autoindent' is on, the indent for a new line is obtained from the
|
|
|
954 previous line. When 'smartindent' or 'cindent' is on, the indent for a line
|
|
|
955 is automatically adjusted for C programs.
|
|
|
956
|
|
|
957 'textwidth' can be set to the maximum width for a line. When a line becomes
|
|
|
958 too long when appending characters a line break is automatically inserted.
|
|
|
959
|
|
|
960
|
|
|
961 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
962 9. Ex insert commands *inserting-ex*
|
|
|
963
|
|
|
964 *:a* *:append*
|
|
|
965 :{range}a[ppend] Insert several lines of text below the specified
|
|
|
966 line. If the {range} is missing, the text will be
|
|
|
967 inserted after the current line.
|
|
|
968
|
|
|
969 *:i* *:in* *:insert*
|
|
|
970 :{range}i[nsert] Insert several lines of text above the specified
|
|
|
971 line. If the {range} is missing, the text will be
|
|
|
972 inserted before the current line.
|
|
|
973
|
|
|
974 These two commands will keep on asking for lines, until you type a line
|
|
|
975 containing only a ".". Watch out for lines starting with a backslash, see
|
|
|
976 |line-continuation|.
|
|
|
977 NOTE: ":append" and ":insert" don't work properly in between ":if" and
|
|
74
|
978 ":endif", ":for" and ":endfor", ":while" and ":endwhile".
|
|
7
|
979
|
|
|
980 *:start* *:startinsert*
|
|
|
981 :star[tinsert][!] Start Insert mode just after executing this command.
|
|
|
982 Works like typing "i" in Normal mode. When the ! is
|
|
|
983 included it works like "A", append to the line.
|
|
|
984 Otherwise insertion starts at the cursor position.
|
|
|
985 Note that when using this command in a function or
|
|
|
986 script, the insertion only starts after the function
|
|
|
987 or script is finished.
|
|
|
988 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
989 {not available when compiled without the +ex_extra
|
|
|
990 feature}
|
|
|
991
|
|
|
992 *:stopi* *:stopinsert*
|
|
|
993 :stopi[nsert] Stop Insert mode as soon as possible. Works like
|
|
|
994 typing <Esc> in Insert mode.
|
|
|
995 Can be used in an autocommand, example: >
|
|
|
996 :au BufEnter scratch stopinsert
|
|
14
|
997 <
|
|
|
998 *replacing-ex* *:startreplace*
|
|
|
999 :startr[eplace][!] Start Replace mode just after executing this command.
|
|
|
1000 Works just like typing "R" in Normal mode. When the
|
|
|
1001 ! is included it acts just like "$R" had been typed
|
|
|
1002 (ie. begin replace mode at the end-of-line). Other-
|
|
|
1003 wise replacement begins at the cursor position.
|
|
|
1004 Note that when using this command in a function or
|
|
|
1005 script that the replacement will only start after
|
|
|
1006 the function or script is finished.
|
|
|
1007 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
1008 {not available when compiled without the +ex_extra
|
|
|
1009 feature}
|
|
7
|
1010
|
|
|
1011 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
1012 10. Inserting a file *inserting-file*
|
|
|
1013
|
|
|
1014 *:r* *:re* *:read*
|
|
|
1015 :r[ead] [name] Insert the file [name] (default: current file) below
|
|
|
1016 the cursor.
|
|
|
1017
|
|
|
1018 :{range}r[ead] [name] Insert the file [name] (default: current file) below
|
|
|
1019 the specified line.
|
|
|
1020
|
|
|
1021 *:r!* *:read!*
|
|
|
1022 :r[ead] !{cmd} Execute {cmd} and insert its standard output below
|
|
|
1023 the cursor. A temporary file is used to store the
|
|
|
1024 output of the command which is then read into the
|
|
|
1025 buffer. 'shellredir' is used to save the output of
|
|
|
1026 the command, which can be set to include stderr or
|
|
|
1027 not. {cmd} is executed like with ":!{cmd}", any '!'
|
|
|
1028 is replaced with the previous command |:!|.
|
|
|
1029
|
|
|
1030 These commands insert the contents of a file, or the output of a command,
|
|
|
1031 into the buffer. They can be undone. They cannot be repeated with the "."
|
|
|
1032 command. They work on a line basis, insertion starts below the line in which
|
|
|
1033 the cursor is, or below the specified line. To insert text above the first
|
|
|
1034 line use the command ":0r {name}".
|
|
|
1035
|
|
|
1036 After the ":read" command, the cursor is left on the first non-blank in the
|
|
|
1037 first new line. Unless in Ex mode, then the cursor is left on the last new
|
|
|
1038 line (sorry, this is Vi compatible).
|
|
|
1039
|
|
|
1040 If a file name is given with ":r", it becomes the alternate file. This can be
|
|
|
1041 used, for example, when you want to edit that file instead: ":e! #". This can
|
|
|
1042 be switched off by removing the 'a' flag from the 'cpoptions' option.
|
|
|
1043
|
|
|
1044 *file-read*
|
|
|
1045 The 'fileformat' option sets the <EOL> style for a file:
|
|
|
1046 'fileformat' characters name ~
|
|
|
1047 "dos" <CR><NL> or <NL> DOS format
|
|
|
1048 "unix" <NL> Unix format
|
|
|
1049 "mac" <CR> Mac format
|
|
|
1050 Previously 'textmode' was used. It is obsolete now.
|
|
|
1051
|
|
|
1052 If 'fileformat' is "dos", a <CR> in front of an <NL> is ignored and a CTRL-Z
|
|
|
1053 at the end of the file is ignored.
|
|
|
1054
|
|
|
1055 If 'fileformat' is "mac", a <NL> in the file is internally represented by a
|
|
|
1056 <CR>. This is to avoid confusion with a <NL> which is used to represent a
|
|
|
1057 <NUL>. See |CR-used-for-NL|.
|
|
|
1058
|
|
|
1059 If the 'fileformats' option is not empty Vim tries to recognize the type of
|
|
|
1060 <EOL> (see |file-formats|). However, the 'fileformat' option will not be
|
|
|
1061 changed, the detected format is only used while reading the file.
|
|
|
1062 A similar thing happens with 'fileencodings'.
|
|
|
1063
|
|
|
1064 On non-MS-DOS, Win32, and OS/2 systems the message "[dos format]" is shown if
|
|
|
1065 a file is read in DOS format, to remind you that something unusual is done.
|
|
|
1066 On Macintosh, MS-DOS, Win32, and OS/2 the message "[unix format]" is shown if
|
|
|
1067 a file is read in Unix format.
|
|
|
1068 On non-Macintosh systems, the message "[Mac format]" is shown if a file is
|
|
|
1069 read in Mac format.
|
|
|
1070
|
|
|
1071 An example on how to use ":r !": >
|
|
|
1072 :r !uuencode binfile binfile
|
|
|
1073 This command reads "binfile", uuencodes it and reads it into the current
|
|
|
1074 buffer. Useful when you are editing e-mail and want to include a binary
|
|
|
1075 file.
|
|
|
1076
|
|
|
1077 *read-messages*
|
|
|
1078 When reading a file Vim will display a message with information about the read
|
|
|
1079 file. In the table is an explanation for some of the items. The others are
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1080 self explanatory. Using the long or the short version depends on the
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1081 'shortmess' option.
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1082
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1083 long short meaning ~
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1084 [readonly] {RO} the file is write protected
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1085 [fifo/socket] using a stream
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1086 [fifo] using a fifo stream
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1087 [socket] using a socket stream
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1088 [CR missing] reading with "dos" 'fileformat' and a
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1089 NL without a preceding CR was found.
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1090 [NL found] reading with "mac" 'fileformat' and a
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1091 NL was found (could be "unix" format)
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1092 [long lines split] at least one line was split in two
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1093 [NOT converted] conversion from 'fileencoding' to
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1094 'encoding' was desired but not
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1095 possible
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1096 [converted] conversion from 'fileencoding' to
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1097 'encoding' done
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1098 [crypted] file was decrypted
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1099 [READ ERRORS] not all of the file could be read
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1100
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1101
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1102 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
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