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1 *print.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Jul 05
2
3
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
5
6
7 Printing *printing*
8
9 1. Introduction |print-intro|
10 2. Print options |print-options|
11 3. PostScript Printing |postscript-printing|
12 4. PostScript Printing Encoding |postscript-print-encoding|
13 5. PostScript CJK Printing |postscript-cjk-printing|
14 6. PostScript Printing Troubleshooting |postscript-print-trouble|
15 7. PostScript Utilities |postscript-print-util|
16 8. Formfeed Characters |printing-formfeed|
17
18 {Vi has None of this}
19 {only available when compiled with the |+printer| feature}
20
21 ==============================================================================
22 1. Introduction *print-intro*
23
24 On MS-Windows Vim can print your text on any installed printer. On other
25 systems a PostScript file is produced. This can be directly sent to a
26 PostScript printer. For other printers a program like ghostscript needs to be
27 used.
28
29 *:ha* *:hardcopy* *E237* *E238* *E324*
30 :[range]ha[rdcopy][!] [arguments]
31 Send [range] lines (default whole file) to the
32 printer.
33
34 On MS-Windows a dialog is displayed to allow selection
35 of printer, paper size etc. To skip the dialog, use
36 the [!]. In this case the printer defined by
37 'printdevice' is used, or, if 'printdevice' is empty,
38 the system default printer.
39
40 For systems other than MS-Windows, PostScript is
41 written in a temp file and 'printexpr' is used to
42 actually print it. Then [arguments] can be used by
43 'printexpr' through |v:cmdarg|. Otherwise [arguments]
44 is ignored. 'printoptions' can be used to specify
45 paper size, duplex, etc.
46
47 :[range]ha[rdcopy][!] >{filename}
48 As above, but write the resulting PostScript in file
49 {filename}.
50 Things like "%" are expanded |cmdline-special|
51 Careful: An existing file is silently overwritten.
52 {only available when compiled with the |+postscript|
53 feature}
54 On MS-Windows use the "print to file" feature of the
55 printer driver.
56
57 Progress is displayed during printing as a page number and a percentage. To
58 abort printing use the interrupt key (CTRL-C or, on MS-systems, CTRL-Break).
59
60 Printer output is controlled by the 'printfont' and 'printoptions' options.
61 'printheader' specifies the format of a page header.
62
63 The printed file is always limited to the selected margins, irrespective of
64 the current window's 'wrap' or 'linebreak' settings. The "wrap" item in
65 'printoptions' can be used to switch wrapping off.
66 The current highlighting colors are used in the printout, with the following
67 considerations:
68 1) The normal background is always rendered as white (i.e. blank paper.)
69 2) White text or the default foreground is rendered as black, so that it shows
70 up!
71 3) If 'background' is "dark", then the colours are darkened to compensate for
72 the fact that otherwise they would be too bright to show up clearly on
73 white paper.
74
75 ==============================================================================
76 2. Print options *print-options*
77
78 Here are the details for the options that change the way printing is done.
79 For generic info about setting options see |options.txt|.
80
81 *pdev-option*
82 'printdevice' 'pdev' string (default empty)
83 global
84 This defines the name of the printer to be used when the |:hardcopy| command
85 is issued with a bang (!) to skip the printer selection dialog. On Win32, it
86 should be the printer name exactly as it appears in the standard printer
87 dialog.
88 If the option is empty, then vim will use the system default printer for
89 ":hardcopy!"
90
91 *penc-option* *E620*
92 'printencoding' 'penc' String (default empty, except for:
93 Windows, OS/2: cp1252,
94 Macintosh: mac-roman,
95 VMS: dec-mcs,
96 HPUX: hp-roman8,
97 EBCDIC: ebcdic-uk)
98 global
99 Sets the character encoding used when printing. This option tells VIM which
100 print character encoding file from the "print" directory in 'runtimepath' to
101 use.
102
103 This option will accept any value from |encoding-names|. Any recognized names
104 are converted to VIM standard names - see 'encoding' for more details. Names
105 not recognized by VIM will just be converted to lower case and underscores
106 replaced with '-' signs.
107
108 If 'printencoding' is empty or VIM cannot find the file then it will use
109 'encoding' (if VIM is compiled with |+multi_byte| and it is set an 8-bit
110 encoding) to find the print character encoding file. If VIM is unable to find
111 a character encoding file then it will use the "latin1" print character
112 encoding file.
113
114 When 'encoding' is set to a multi-byte encoding, VIM will try to convert
115 characters to the printing encoding for printing (if 'printencoding' is empty
116 then the conversion will be to latin1). Conversion to a printing encoding
117 other than latin1 will require VIM to be compiled with the |+iconv| feature.
118 If no conversion is possible then printing will fail. Any characters that
119 cannot be converted will be replaced with upside down question marks.
120
121 Four print character encoding files are provided to support default Mac, VMS,
122 HPUX, and EBCDIC character encodings and are used by default on these
123 platforms. Code page 1252 print character encoding is used by default on
124 Windows and OS/2 platforms.
125
126 *pexpr-option*
127 'printexpr' 'pexpr' String (default: see below)
128 global
129 Expression that is evaluated to print the PostScript produced with
130 |:hardcopy|.
131 The file name to be printed is in |v:fname_in|.
132 The arguments to the ":hardcopy" command are in |v:cmdarg|.
133 The expression must take care of deleting the file after printing it.
134 When there is an error, the expression must return a non-zero number.
135 If there is no error, return zero or an empty string.
136 The default for non MS-Windows or VMS systems is to simply use "lpr" to print
137 the file: >
138
139 system('lpr' . (&printdevice == '' ? '' : ' -P' . &printdevice)
140 . ' ' . v:fname_in) . delete(v:fname_in) + v:shell_error
141
142 On MS-Dos, MS-Windows and OS/2 machines the default is to copy the file to the
143 currently specified printdevice: >
144
145 system('copy' . ' ' . v:fname_in . (&printdevice == ''
146 ? ' LPT1:' : (' \"' . &printdevice . '\"')))
147 . delete(v:fname_in)
148
149 On VMS machines the default is to send the file to either the default or
150 currently specified printdevice: >
151
152 system('print' . (&printdevice == '' ? '' : ' /queue=' .
153 &printdevice) . ' ' . v:fname_in) . delete(v:fname_in)
154
155 If you change this option, using a function is an easy way to avoid having to
156 escape all the spaces. Example: >
157
158 :set printexpr=PrintFile(v:fname_in)
159 :function PrintFile(fname)
160 : call system("ghostview " . a:fname)
161 : call delete(a:fname)
162 : return v:shell_error
163 :endfunc
164
165 Be aware that some print programs return control before they have read the
166 file. If you delete the file too soon it will not be printed. These programs
167 usually offer an option to have them remove the file when printing is done.
168 *E365*
169 If evaluating the expression fails or it results in a non-zero number, you get
170 an error message. In that case Vim will delete the file. In the default
171 value for non-MS-Windows a trick is used: Adding "v:shell_error" will result
172 in a non-zero number when the system() call fails.
173
174 This option cannot be set from a |modeline| or in the |sandbox|, for security
175 reasons.
176
177 *pfn-option* *E613*
178 'printfont' 'pfn' string (default "courier")
179 global
180 This is the name of the font that will be used for the |:hardcopy| command's
181 output. It has the same format as the 'guifont' option, except that only one
182 font may be named, and the special "guifont=*" syntax is not available.
183
184 In the Win32 GUI version this specifies a font name with its extra attributes,
185 as with the 'guifont' option.
186
187 For other systems, only ":h11" is recognized, where "11" is the point size of
188 the font. When omitted, the point size is 10.
189
190 *pheader-option*
191 'printheader' 'pheader' string (default "%<%f%h%m%=Page %N")
192 global
193 This defines the format of the header produced in |:hardcopy| output. The
194 option is defined in the same way as the 'statusline' option. If Vim has not
195 been compiled with the |+statusline| feature, this option has no effect and a
196 simple default header is used, which shows the page number.
197
198 *pmbcs-option*
199 'printmbcharset' 'pmbcs' string (default "")
200 global
201 Sets the CJK character set to be used when generating CJK output from
202 |:hardcopy|. The following predefined values are currently recognised by VIM:
203
204 Value Description ~
205 Chinese GB_2312-80
206 (Simplified) GBT_12345-90
207 MAC Apple Mac Simplified Chinese
208 GBT-90_MAC GB/T 12345-90 Apple Mac Simplified
209 Chinese
210 GBK GBK (GB 13000.1-93)
211 ISO10646 ISO 10646-1:1993
212
213 Chinese CNS_1993 CNS 11643-1993, Planes 1 & 2
214 (Traditional) BIG5
215 ETEN Big5 with ETen extensions
216 ISO10646 ISO 10646-1:1993
217
218 Japanese JIS_C_1978
219 JIS_X_1983
220 JIS_X_1990
221 MSWINDOWS Win3.1/95J (JIS X 1997 + NEC +
222 IBM extensions)
223 KANJITALK6 Apple Mac KanjiTalk V6.x
224 KANJITALK7 Apple Mac KanjiTalk V7.x
225
226 Korean KS_X_1992
227 MAC Apple Macintosh Korean
228 MSWINDOWS KS X 1992 with MS extensions
229 ISO10646 ISO 10646-1:1993
230
231 Only certain combinations of the above values and 'printencoding' are
232 possible. The following tables show the valid combinations:
233
234 euc-cn gbk ucs-2 utf-8 ~
235 Chinese GB_2312-80 x
236 (Simplified) GBT_12345-90 x
237 MAC x
238 GBT-90_MAC x
239 GBK x
240 ISO10646 x x
241
242 euc-tw big5 ucs-2 utf-8 ~
243 Chinese CNS_1993 x
244 (Traditional) BIG5 x
245 ETEN x
246 ISO10646 x x
247
248 euc-jp sjis ucs-2 utf-8 ~
249 Japanese JIS_C_1978 x x
250 JIS_X_1983 x x
251 JIS_X_1990 x x x
252 MSWINDOWS x
253 KANJITALK6 x
254 KANJITALK7 x
255
256 euc-kr cp949 ucs-2 utf-8 ~
257 Korean KS_X_1992 x
258 MAC x
259 MSWINDOWS x
260 ISO10646 x x
261
262 To set up the correct encoding and character set for printing some
263 Japanese text you would do the following; >
264 :set printencoding=euc-jp
265 :set printmbcharset=JIS_X_1983
266
267 If 'printmbcharset' is not one of the above values then it is assumed to
268 specify a custom multi-byte character set and no check will be made that it is
269 compatible with the value for 'printencoding'. VIM will look for a file
270 defining the character set in the "print" directory in 'runtimepath'.
271
272 *pmbfn-option*
273 'printmbfont' 'pmbfn' string (default "")
274 global
275 This is a comma-separated list of fields for font names to be used when
276 generating CJK output from |:hardcopy|. Each font name has to be preceded
277 with a letter indicating the style the font is to be used for as follows:
278
279 r:{font-name} font to use for normal characters
280 b:{font-name} font to use for bold characters
281 i:{font-name} font to use for italic characters
282 o:{font-name} font to use for bold-italic characters
283
284 A field with the r: prefix must be specified when doing CJK printing. The
285 other fontname specifiers are optional. If a specifier is missing then
286 another font will be used as follows:
287
288 if b: is missing, then use r:
289 if i: is missing, then use r:
290 if o: is missing, then use i:
291
292 Some CJK fonts do not contain characters for codes in the ASCII code range.
293 Also, some characters in the CJK ASCII code ranges differ in a few code points
294 from traditional ASCII characters. There are two additional fields to control
295 printing of characters in the ASCII code range.
296
297 c:yes Use Courier font for characters in the ASCII
298 c:no (default) code range.
299
300 a:yes Use ASCII character set for codes in the ASCII
301 a:no (default) code range.
302
303 The following is an example of specifying two multi-byte fonts, one for normal
304 and italic printing and one for bold and bold-italic printing, and using
305 Courier to print codes in the ASCII code range but using the national
306 character set: >
307 :set printmbfont=r:WadaMin-Regular,b:WadaMin-Bold,c:yes
308 <
309 *popt-option*
310 'printoptions' 'popt' string (default "")
311 global
312 This is a comma-separated list of items that control the format of the output
313 of |:hardcopy|:
314
315 left:{spec} left margin (default: 10pc)
316 right:{spec} right margin (default: 5pc)
317 top:{spec} top margin (default: 5pc)
318 bottom:{spec} bottom margin (default: 5pc)
319 {spec} is a number followed by "in" for inches, "pt"
320 for points (1 point is 1/72 of an inch), "mm" for
321 millimeters or "pc" for a percentage of the media
322 size.
323 Weird example:
324 left:2in,top:30pt,right:16mm,bottom:3pc
325 If the unit is not recognized there is no error and
326 the default value is used.
327
328 header:{nr} Number of lines to reserve for the header.
329 Only the first line is actually filled, thus when {nr}
330 is 2 there is one empty line. The header is formatted
331 according to 'printheader'.
332 header:0 Do not print a header.
333 header:2 (default) Use two lines for the header
334
335 syntax:n Do not use syntax highlighting. This is faster and
336 thus useful when printing large files.
337 syntax:y Do syntax highlighting.
338 syntax:a (default) Use syntax highlighting if the printer appears to be
339 able to print color or grey.
340
341 number:y Include line numbers in the printed output.
342 number:n (default) No line numbers.
343
344 wrap:y (default) Wrap long lines.
345 wrap:n Truncate long lines.
346
347 duplex:off Print on one side.
348 duplex:long (default) Print on both sides (when possible), bind on long
349 side.
350 duplex:short Print on both sides (when possible), bind on short
351 side.
352
353 collate:y (default) Collating: 1 2 3, 1 2 3, 1 2 3
354 collate:n No collating: 1 1 1, 2 2 2, 3 3 3
355
356 jobsplit:n (default) Do all copies in one print job
357 jobsplit:y Do each copy as a separate print job. Useful when
358 doing N-up postprocessing.
359
360 portrait:y (default) Orientation is portrait.
361 portrait:n Orientation is landscape.
362 *a4* *letter*
363 paper:A4 (default) Paper size: A4
364 paper:{name} Paper size from this table:
365 {name} size in cm size in inch ~
366 10x14 25.4 x 35.57 10 x 14
367 A3 29.7 x 42 11.69 x 16.54
368 A4 21 x 29.7 8.27 x 11.69
369 A5 14.8 x 21 5.83 x 8.27
370 B4 25 x 35.3 10.12 x 14.33
371 B5 17.6 x 25 7.17 x 10.12
372 executive 18.42 x 26.67 7.25 x 10.5
373 folio 21 x 33 8.27 x 13
374 ledger 43.13 x 27.96 17 x 11
375 legal 21.59 x 35.57 8.5 x 14
376 letter 21.59 x 27.96 8.5 x 11
377 quarto 21.59 x 27.5 8.5 x 10.83
378 statement 13.97 x 21.59 5.5 x 8.5
379 tabloid 27.96 x 43.13 11 x 17
380
381 formfeed:n (default) Treat form feed characters (0x0c) as a normal print
382 character.
383 formfeed:y When a form feed character is encountered, continue
384 printing of the current line at the beginning of the
385 first line on a new page.
386
387 The item indicated with (default) is used when the item is not present. The
388 values are not always used, especially when using a dialog to select the
389 printer and options.
390 Example: >
391 :set printoptions=paper:letter,duplex:off
392
393 ==============================================================================
394 3. PostScript Printing *postscript-printing*
395 *E455* *E456* *E457* *E624*
396 Provided you have enough disk space there should be no problems generating a
397 PostScript file. You need to have the runtime files correctly installed (if
398 you can find the help files, they probably are).
399
400 There are currently a number of limitations with PostScript printing:
401
402 - 'printfont' - The font name is ignored (the Courier family is always used -
403 it should be available on all PostScript printers) but the font size is
404 used.
405
406 - 'printoptions' - The duplex setting is used when generating PostScript
407 output, but it is up to the printer to take notice of the setting. If the
408 printer does not support duplex printing then it should be silently ignored.
409 Some printers, however, don't print at all.
410
411 - 8-bit support - While a number of 8-bit print character encodings are
412 supported it is possible that some characters will not print. Whether a
413 character will print depends on the font in the printer knowing the
414 character. Missing characters will be replaced with an upside down question
415 mark, or a space if that character is also not known by the font. It may be
416 possible to get all the characters in an encoding to print by installing a
417 new version of the Courier font family.
418
419 - Multi-byte support - Currently VIM will try to convert multi-byte characters
420 to the 8-bit encoding specified by 'printencoding' (or latin1 if it is
421 empty). Any characters that are not successfully converted are shown as
422 unknown characters. Printing will fail if VIM cannot convert the multi-byte
423 to the 8-bit encoding.
424
425 ==============================================================================
426 4. Custom 8-bit Print Character Encodings *postscript-print-encoding*
427 *E618* *E619*
428 To use your own print character encoding when printing 8-bit character data
429 you need to define your own PostScript font encoding vector. Details on how
430 to to define a font encoding vector is beyond the scope of this help file, but
431 you can find details in the PostScript Language Reference Manual, 3rd Edition,
432 published by Addison-Wesley and available in PDF form at
433 http://www.adobe.com/. The following describes what you need to do for VIM to
434 locate and use your print character encoding.
435
436 i. Decide on a unique name for your encoding vector, one that does not clash
437 with any of the recognized or standard encoding names that VIM uses (see
438 |encoding-names| for a list), and that no one else is likely to use.
439 ii. Copy $VIMRUNTIME/print/latin1.ps to the print subdirectory in your
440 'runtimepath' and rename it with your unique name.
441 iii. Edit your renamed copy of latin1.ps, replacing all occurrences of latin1
442 with your unique name (don't forget the line starting %%Title:), and
443 modify the array of glyph names to define your new encoding vector. The
444 array must have exactly 256 entries or you will not be able to print!
445 iv. Within VIM, set 'printencoding' to your unique encoding name and then
446 print your file. VIM will now use your custom print character encoding.
447
448 VIM will report an error with the resource file if you change the order or
449 content of the first 3 lines, other than the name of the encoding on the line
450 starting %%Title: or the version number on the line starting %%Version:.
451
452 [Technical explanation for those that know PostScript - VIM looks for a file
453 with the same name as the encoding it will use when printing. The file
454 defines a new PostScript Encoding resource called /VIM-name, where name is the
455 print character encoding VIM will use.]
456
457 ==============================================================================
458 5. PostScript CJK Printing *postscript-cjk-printing*
459 *E673* *E674* *E675*
460
461 VIM supports printing of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean files. Setting up VIM
462 to correctly print CJK files requires setting up a few more options.
463
464 Each of these countries has many standard character sets and encodings which
465 require that both be specified when printing. In addition, CJK fonts normally
466 do not have the concept of italic glyphs and use different weight or stroke
467 style to achieve emphasis when printing. This in turn requires a different
468 approach to specifying fonts to use when printing.
469
470 The encoding and character set are specified with the 'printencoding' and
471 'printmbcharset' options. If 'printencoding' is not specified then 'encoding'
472 is used as normal. If 'printencoding' is specified then characters will be
473 translated to this encoding for printing. You should ensure that the encoding
474 is compatible with the character set needed for the file contents or some
475 characters may not appear when printed.
476
477 The fonts to use for CJK printing are specified with 'printmbfont'. This
478 option allows you to specify different fonts to use when printing characters
479 which are syntax highlighted with the font styles normal, italic, bold and
480 bold-italic.
481
482 No CJK fonts are supplied with VIM. There are some free Korean, Japanese, and
483 Traditional Chinese fonts available at:
484
485 http://examples.oreilly.com/cjkvinfo/adobe/samples/
486
487 You can find descriptions of the various fonts in the read me file at
488
489 http://examples.oreilly.com/cjkvinfo/adobe/00README
490
491 Please read your printer documentation on how to install new fonts.
492
493 CJK fonts can be large containing several thousand glyphs, and it is not
494 uncommon to find that they only contain a subset of a national standard. It
495 is not unusual to find the fonts to not include characters for codes in the
496 ASCII code range. If you find half-width Roman characters are not appearing
497 in your printout then you should configure VIM to use the Courier font the
498 half-width ASCII characters with 'printmbfont'. If your font does not include
499 other characters then you will need to find another font that does.
500
501 Another issue with ASCII characters, is that the various national character
502 sets specify a couple of different glyphs in the ASCII code range. If you
503 print ASCII text using the national character set you may see some unexpected
504 characters. If you want true ASCII code printing then you need to configure
505 VIM to output ASCII characters for the ASCII code range with 'printmbfont'.
506
507 It is possible to define your own multi-byte character set although this
508 should not be attempted lightly. A discussion on the process if beyond the
509 scope of these help files. You can find details on CMap (character map) files
510 in the document 'Adobe CMap and CIDFont Files Specification, Version 1.0',
511 available from http://www.adobe.com as a PDF file.
512
513 ==============================================================================
514 6. PostScript Printing Troubleshooting *postscript-print-trouble*
515 *E621*
516 Usually the only sign of a problem when printing with PostScript is that your
517 printout does not appear. If you are lucky you may get a printed page that
518 tells you the PostScript operator that generated the error that prevented the
519 print job completing.
520
521 There are a number of possible causes as to why the printing may have failed:
522
523 - Wrong version of the prolog resource file. The prolog resource file
524 contains some PostScript that VIM needs to be able to print. Each version
525 of VIM needs one particular version. Make sure you have correctly installed
526 the runtime files, and don't have any old versions of a file called prolog
527 in the print directory in your 'runtimepath' directory.
528
529 - Paper size. Some PostScript printers will abort printing a file if they do
530 not support the requested paper size. By default VIM uses A4 paper. Find
531 out what size paper your printer normally uses and set the appropriate paper
532 size with 'printoptions'. If you cannot find the name of the paper used,
533 measure a sheet and compare it with the table of supported paper sizes listed
534 for 'printoptions', using the paper that is closest in both width AND height.
535 Note: The dimensions of actual paper may vary slightly from the ones listed.
536 If there is no paper listed close enough, then you may want to try psresize
537 from PSUtils, discussed below.
538
539 - Two-sided printing (duplex). Normally a PostScript printer that does not
540 support two-sided printing will ignore any request to do it. However, some
541 printers may abort the job altogether. Try printing with duplex turned off.
542 Note: Duplex prints can be achieved manually using PS utils - see below.
543
544 - Collated printing. As with Duplex printing, most PostScript printers that
545 do not support collating printouts will ignore a request to do so. Some may
546 not. Try printing with collation turned off.
547
548 - Syntax highlighting. Some print management code may prevent the generated
549 PostScript file from being printed on a black and white printer when syntax
550 highlighting is turned on, even if solid black is the only color used. Try
551 printing with syntax highlighting turned off.
552
553 A safe printoptions setting to try is: >
554
555 :set printoptions=paper:A4,duplex:off,collate:n,syntax:n
556
557 Replace "A4" with the paper size that best matches your printer paper.
558
559 ==============================================================================
560 7. PostScript Utilities *postscript-print-util*
561
562 7.1 Ghostscript
563
564 Ghostscript is a PostScript and PDF interpreter that can be used to display
565 and print on non-PostScript printers PostScript and PDF files. It can also
566 generate PDF files from PostScript.
567
568 Ghostscript will run on a wide variety of platforms.
569
570 There are three available versions:
571
572 - AFPL Ghostscript (formerly Aladdin Ghostscript) which is free for
573 non-commercial use. It can be obtained from:
574
575 http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/
576
577 - GNU Ghostscript which is available under the GNU General Public License. It
578 can be obtained from:
579
580 ftp://mirror.cs.wisc.edu/pub/mirrors/ghost/gnu/
581
582 - A commercial version for inclusion in commercial products.
583
584 Additional information on Ghostscript can also be found at:
585
586 http://www.ghostscript.com/
587
588 Support for a number of non PostScript printers is provided in the
589 distribution as standard, but if you cannot find support for your printer
590 check the Ghostscript site for other printers not included by default.
591
592
593 7.2 Ghostscript Previewers.
594
595 The interface to Ghostscript is very primitive so a number of graphical front
596 ends have been created. These allow easier PostScript file selection,
597 previewing at different zoom levels, and printing. Check supplied
598 documentation for full details.
599
600 X11
601
602 - Ghostview. Obtainable from:
603
604 http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gv/
605
606 - gv. Derived from Ghostview. Obtainable from:
607
608 http://wwwthep.physik.uni-mainz.de/~plass/gv/
609
610 Copies (possibly not the most recent) can be found at:
611
612 http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gv/
613
614 OpenVMS
615
616 - Is apparently supported in the main code now (untested). See:
617
618 http://wwwthep.physik.uni-mainz.de/~plass/gv/
619
620 Windows and OS/2
621
622 - GSview. Obtainable from:
623
624 http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/
625
626 DOS
627
628 - ps_view. Obtainable from:
629
630 ftp://ftp.pg.gda.pl/pub/TeX/support/ps_view/
631 ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/support/ps_view/
632
633 Linux
634
635 - GSview. Linux version of the popular Windows and OS/2 previewer.
636 Obtainable from:
637
638 http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/
639
640 - BMV. Different from Ghostview and gv in that it doesn't use X but svgalib.
641 Obtainable from:
642
643 ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/graphics/viewers/svga/bmv-1.2.tgz
644
645
646 7.3 PSUtils
647
648 PSUtils is a collection of utility programs for manipulating PostScript
649 documents. Binary distributions are available for many platforms, as well as
650 the full source. PSUtils can be found at:
651
652 http://knackered.org/angus/psutils
653
654 The utilities of interest include:
655
656 - psnup. Convert PS files for N-up printing.
657 - psselect. Select page range and order of printing.
658 - psresize. Change the page size.
659 - psbook. Reorder and lay out pages ready for making a book.
660
661 The output of one program can be used as the input to the next, allowing for
662 complex print document creation.
663
664
665 N-UP PRINTING
666
667 The psnup utility takes an existing PostScript file generated from VIM and
668 convert it to an n-up version. The simplest way to create a 2-up printout is
669 to first create a PostScript file with: >
670
671 :hardcopy > test.ps
672
673 Then on your command line execute: >
674
675 psnup -n 2 test.ps final.ps
676
677 Note: You may get warnings from some Ghostscript previewers for files produced
678 by psnup - these may safely be ignored.
679
680 Finally print the file final.ps to your PostScript printer with your
681 platform's print command. (You will need to delete the two PostScript files
682 afterwards yourself.) 'printexpr' could be modified to perform this extra
683 step before printing.
684
685
686 ALTERNATE DUPLEX PRINTING
687
688 It is possible to achieve a poor man's version of duplex printing using the PS
689 utility psselect. This utility has options -e and -o for printing just the
690 even or odd pages of a PS file respectively.
691
692 First generate a PS file with the 'hardcopy' command, then generate a new
693 files with all the odd and even numbered pages with: >
694
695 psselect -o test.ps odd.ps
696 psselect -e test.ps even.ps
697
698 Next print odd.ps with your platform's normal print command. Then take the
699 print output, turn it over and place it back in the paper feeder. Now print
700 even.ps with your platform's print command. All the even pages should now
701 appear on the back of the odd pages.
702
703 There a couple of points to bear in mind:
704
705 1. Position of the first page. If the first page is on top of the printout
706 when printing the odd pages then you need to reverse the order that the odd
707 pages are printed. This can be done with the -r option to psselect. This
708 will ensure page 2 is printed on the back of page 1.
709 Note: it is better to reverse the odd numbered pages rather than the even
710 numbered in case there are an odd number of pages in the original PS file.
711
712 2. Paper flipping. When turning over the paper with the odd pages printed on
713 them you may have to either flip them horizontally (along the long edge) or
714 vertically (along the short edge), as well as possibly rotating them 180
715 degrees. All this depends on the printer - it will be more obvious for
716 desktop ink jets than for small office laser printers where the paper path
717 is hidden from view.
718
719
720 ==============================================================================
721 8. Formfeed Characters *printing-formfeed*
722
723 By default VIM does not do any special processing of |formfeed| control
724 characters. Setting the 'printoptions' formfeed item will make VIM recognize
725 formfeed characters and continue printing the current line at the beginning
726 of the first line on a new page. The use of formfeed characters provides
727 rudimentary print control but there are certain things to be aware of.
728
729 VIM will always start printing a line (including a line number if enabled)
730 containing a formfeed character, even if it is the first character on the
731 line. This means if a line starting with a formfeed character is the first
732 line of a page then VIM will print a blank page.
733
734 Since the line number is printed at the start of printing the line containing
735 the formfeed character, the remainder of the line printed on the new page
736 will not have a line number printed for it (in the same way as the wrapped
737 lines of a long line when wrap in 'printoptions' is enabled).
738
739 If the formfeed character is the last character on a line, then printing will
740 continue on the second line of the new page, not the first. This is due to
741 VIM processing the end of the line after the formfeed character and moving
742 down a line to continue printing.
743
744 Due to the points made above it is recommended that when formfeed character
745 processing is enabled, printing of line numbers is disabled, and that form
746 feed characters are not the last character on a line. Even then you may need
747 to adjust the number of lines before a formfeed character to prevent
748 accidental blank pages.
749
750 ==============================================================================
751 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: